“Ar- Risala At-Tamma Fi Kalam Al-'Amma” De M As-Sabbag

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“Ar- Risala At-Tamma Fi Kalam Al-'Amma” De M As-Sabbag UNIVERSIDAD COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID FACULTAD DE FILOLOGÍA Departamento de Estudios Árabes e Islámicos EDICIÓN, TRADUCCIÓN Y ESTUDIO DE “AR- RISALA AT-TAMMA FI KALAM AL-‘AMMA” DE M AS-SABBAG. MEMORIA PARA OPTAR AL GRADO DE DOCTOR PRESENTADA POR Abdel Rahim Mahmoud El Shafi Bajo la dirección de la doctora Mª. J. Viguera Molins Madrid, 2010 ISBN: 978-84-693-0685-7 UNIVERSIDAD COMPLUTENSE FACULTAD DE FILOLOGÍA DEPARTAMENTO DE ESTUDIOS ÁRABES E ISLÁMICOS EDICIÓN, TRADUCCIÓN Y ESTUDIO DE AR-RISALA AT-TAMMA FI KALAM AL-‘AMMA DE M. AS-SABBAG TESIS DOCTORAL presentada por: Abdel Rahim Mahmoud El Shafi dirigida por: Dra. Mª J. Viguera Molins MADRID 2009 ÍNDICE Págs. 1. - SISTEMA DE TRANSCRIPCIÓN…………………………………… 6 2. - INTRODUCCIÓN ......................................................................................... 8 2.1. Elección del tema ....................................................................................... 8 2.2. Contenido de esta Tesis Doctoral................................................................ 9 2.3. Estado de la cuestión....................................................................................... 10 2.4 Agradecimientos…………………………………………………………... 13 3. - ESTUDIO …………………………………………………………………… 15 3.1. El autor: Mixa’il as-Sabbag......................................................................... 15 3.2. Apunte sobre H. Thorbecke......................................................................... 22 3.3. La obra: Ar-Risala at-tamma fi kalam al-‘amma.......................................... 28 3.3.1. Presentación y valoración.............................................................. 28 3.3.2. La Risala en el marco de la dialectología……………………….. 33 3.3.3. Contenido de Ar-Risala at-tamma fi kalam al-‘amma................... 35 3 4. - TRADUCCIÓN ANOTADA…………………………………………… 38 4.1. Comentarios a la traducción........................................................................ 38 4.2. Traducción................................................................................................... 40 5. - EDICIÓN CRÍTICA................................................................................... 185 5.1. Descripción del manuscrito............................................................................. 185 5.2. Reproducción de algunos folios del manuscrito............................................. 192 5.3. Criterios de mi edición....................................................................……........ 197 5.4. Edición crítica.................................................................................................. 199 6. - CONCLUSIONES........................................................................................ 317 7. - FUENTES Y BIBLIOGRAFÍA ................................................................ 319 7.1. Abreviaturas……………………………………………………………….. 319 7.2. Bibliografía………………………………………………………………... 321 7.2.1. Fuentes……………………………………………………………. 321 7.2.2. Obras publicadas de Mixa’il as-Sabbag…………………………... 321 7.2.3. Sobre lingüística y dialectología.…………………………………. 322 7.2.4. Bibliografía general………………………………………………. 325 8. - ÍNDICES de Ar-Risala at-tamma fi kalam al-‘amma……………... 330 8.1. Índice de personas y colectividades……………………………….............. 330 8.2. Índice de topónimos……………………………………………………… 331 8.3. Indice de versos, refranes y obras………………………………………… 333 4 8.3.1. Versos………………………………………………………………. 333 8.3.2. Refranes y dichos.…………………………………………………... 333 8.3.3. Obras……………………………………………………………….. 334 5 1.- SISTEMA DE TRANSCRIPCIÓN d ض ’ t ط b ب z/z ظ t ت ‘ ع t/ t/ s ث g غ y/g ج f ف h ح ’/q ق x خ k ك d د l ل d/ z ذ m م r ر n ن z ز s h س w و s ش y ي s ص La hamza en posición inicial absoluta no se transcribirá. Alif maqsura: à Vocales breves: a, i, u, e,o Vocales largas: a, i, u, ē, ō Diptongos: aw, ay /se transcribe como /t/ en las palabras en árabe fushà y como /t/ o /s ث La en las palabras en dialecto. .La se transcribe /y/ y como /g/ en las palabras en dialecto egipcio ج .será /d/ o /z/ respectivamente ذ Asimismo, la 6 ./’/ será /q/ o ق Del mismo modo, la es /z/, para las palabras en árabe fush à y /z/ para las palabras en ظ Y la dialecto. Ta’ marbuta: - en estado absoluto: a - en estado constructo: at Artículo: - /al-/ en las transcripciones de palabras en árabe fushà. - /el-/ en las transcripciones de palabras en dialecto. - Se transcribirá la asimilación de las consonantes solares al artículo. - l- después de palabra terminada en vocal. 7 2.- INTRODUCCIÓN 2.1. Elección del tema La elección del tema de mi Tesis Doctoral no ha sido fácil, a pesar de que en mi formación, dedicación e intereses hay elementos que me conducían hacia el estudio de un tema lingüístico. Soy palestino, he vivido en varios lugares arabófonos: en Egipto, Libia, Arabia Saudita, Jordania y Siria, y ello me ha hecho observar directamente la cuestión de la lengua árabe y de las hablas árabes. Poseo la Licenciatura en Lengua Árabe, que he cursado en el Departamento de Estudios Árabes e Islámicos de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, durante los cursos 1997 a 2002, con la calificación final de PREMIO EXTRAORDINARIO, y donde he realizado también los dos Cursos de Doctorado, sobre los que volveré más adelante. Me dedico a enseñar Lengua Árabe, desde 1993, en la Academia Al-Quds de Madrid, y desde 2008 también en el Departamento de Estudios Árabes e Islámicos de la UCM, donde estoy contratado. Esta experiencia me inclinó a la elección de algún tema relativo a la lengua árabe de cara a la realización de mi Doctorado y, en efecto, me inicié en esta vía en el 2º de mis Cursos de Doctorado, realizando entonces un Trabajo de Investigación (12 créditos) titulado: Traducción y anotación del Capítulo X de la obra “Tratado global sobre el habla vulgar y usos de la lengua coloquial” de Mixa’il as-Sabbag (ed. H. Thorbecke, 1886), presentado y calificado con Sobresaliente en junio de 2005. Desde la realización de este trabajo, pude captar la importancia que tiene Ar- Risala at-tamma fi kalam al-‘amma, de Mixa’il as-Sabbag y, aunque también examiné la posibilidad de otros temas, acabé centrándome en ella para mi Tesis Doctoral. Me sugirió el estudio de esta obra de Mixa’il as-Sabbag el Dr. Ahmed-Salem Ould M. Baba, profesor del Departamento de Estudios Árabes e Islámicos de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, quien también me encaminó hacia la Dra. María Jesús Viguera, de este mismo Departamento. Así, desde mi trabajo de segundo año de 8 doctorado, inicié el tema que, en todos los sentidos, he ampliado en la Tesis Doctoral que ahora presento. Creo, pues, que alrededor del tema de mi Tesis Doctoral confluyen diversas circunstancias e intereses: mis circunstancias personales, como arabófono, mis intereses de estudioso de la Lengua Árabe y mi interés teórico, investigador, además de mi interés docente. Desde estas premisas, y como el docente universitario ha de ser investigador también, me planteo cuestiones históricas, lingüísticas y metodológicas en torno al conocimiento de los dialectos árabes, encontrando que en torno a tales cuestiones se han expresado estudiosos con los que coincido al señalar el incremento de la demanda de los dialectales o Hablas Árabes1 y las maneras más eficaces de conectar su enseñanza con la de la Lengua Árabe2. 2.2. Contenido de esta Tesis Doctoral El contenido fundamental de esta Tesis Doctoral es la edición, traducción y estudio de la obra, titulada Ar-Risala at-tamma fi kalam al-‘amma, que Mixa’il as- Sabbag (Acre, ca. 1775-París, 18163) dedicó de manera central a la descripción de la lengua árabe usada en Egipto y en Siria. He distribuido esta Tesis Doctoral en los apartados habituales: el ESTUDIO, sobre el autor y sus obras, considerando las circunstancias vitales que explican su trayectoria, con atención especial a la mencionada Ar-Risala at-tamma fi kalam al- ‘amma, cuya TRADUCCIÓN ANOTADA y cuya EDICIÓN CRÍTICA constituyen, a mi entender, el contenido esencial de esta Tesis Doctoral. 1 M. Tilmatine (ed.), Enseignement de la langue d’origine et immigration nord-africaine en Europe. Langue maternelle ou langue d’État?, París, 1997. 2 S. Hanna y N. Greis, “Dialect variations and the teaching of Arabic as a living language”, Asian and African Studies, 7 (1971), pp. 17-31; A. Girod y F. Imbert, “Compte-rendu d'une expérience d'enseignement de l'arabe en deux ans à partir du dialecte égyptien”, L'Arabisant, 27 (1989), pp. 40-46; M. Nicola, “Starting Arabic with dialect”, Diglossic tension: teaching Arabic for communication. Beaconsfield Papers: papers from the Symposium on Arabic Language Teaching (Beaconsfield, 1988), Leeds, 1990, pp. 42-45. 3 En las fechas, cuando también doy la fecha hégira, pongo esta en primer lugar, seguida de la fecha d.C., separadas por una barra (/). 9 Mi trabajo se acompaña de las habituales CONCLUSIONES, FUENTES Y BIBLIOGRAFÍA e ÍNDICES. Debo indicar ahora que, tras mi trabajo sobre esta obra, tengo la absoluta certeza de que Ar-Risala at-tamma fi kalam al-‘amma merecía ser editada con todo cuidado, siguiendo puntualmente todo lo que sobre su materia muestra el estado de su composición “sobre la marcha”, con sus tachaduras y adiciones continuas, además de los diversos apuntes que aparecen en dicho manuscrito, como he procurado hacer en mi edición, consiguiendo ampliar lo que hace más de un siglo realizara la erudición decimonónica, con sus métodos y sus intereses diferentes a los que hoy exige la lingüística. Tengo asimismo la certeza de que esta obra, Ar-Risala at-tamma fi kalam al- ‘amma, debía ser también traducida, para
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