DOCSLIB.ORG

Chestnuts in Appalachian Culture Part II Chestnuts in Appalachian Culture Part II a Perfect Wildlife Food Lost in Time, But

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

the September 2010 | Issue 2 Vol.24 27th Annual Meeting October 15-17 Registration Information Inside Chestnuts in Appalachian Culture Part II A Perfect Wildlife Food Lost in Time, But Not Forgotten Simple Strategies for Controlling a Common Pest MeadowviewMeadowview DedicationDedication a Success!S ! 27th REGISTER ONLINE AT WWW.ACF.ORG REGISTRATIONANNUAL MEETING OR CALL (828) 281-0047 TO REGISTER BY PHONE THE AMERICAN CHESTNUT FOUNDATION Option 1: Full Registration PAYMENT TACF Member $75 Name of Attendee(s) Non-Member $115 (includes a one-year membership) Address Full Registration for one person City (does not include lodging) State Includes: Zip Code Phone number t Friday Night Welcome Reception t Saturday Night Dinner & Awards Program Email t Access to all Workshops Form of Payment t All Meals Check (payable to TACF) Credit Card Option 2: Day Passes for Workshops Only (Registration fee does not include lodging Total amount due $ or meals) Credit Card Billing Information SATURDAY Credit Card (circle one): Visa Mastercard Regular Members $40 Card Number __ __ __ __-__ __ __ __-__ __ __ __-__ __ __ __ Student Members $40 Regular Non-Member $80 (includes a one-year membership) Expiration Date Student Non-Member $55 (includes a one-year membership) Name on Card (print) SUNDAY Address Regular Members $25 City Student Members $25 State Zip Code Regular Non-Member $65 (includes a one-year membership) Student Non-Member $40 (includes a one-year membership) Phone number All attendees MUST pre-register for the Annual Meeting. Signature TACF needs to register all of our attendees with NCTC’s security office prior to the meeting, and no on-site Return form and payment to: registration will be available. TA C F, 160 ZILLICOA STREET, SUITE D, ASHEVILLE, NC 28801 t LODGING INFORMATION THE NATIONAL CONSERVATION TRAINING CENTER Lodging at National Conservation Training Center is one of the world’s premier conservation training facilities, $127 per night (includes all meals) created by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Buildings designed to resemble the 19th-century farm landscape blend into the rural To reserve a room, call NCTC direct at (877) 706-6282. grounds, providing a unique and idyllic retreat setting to foster t Participants attending the Annual Meeting that choose to learning. NCTC’s museum chronicles the rich heritage of wildlife conservation. Included are contraband items made from endangered share a room may do so. The cost is $86.50 per night for species, elaborate carvings and mounted birds and animals and each participant. All meals are included. treasures that include the original set of duck stamps issued by the t Guests not attending the Annual Meeting may stay with you U.S. Postal Service. Walk some of NCTC’s 5 miles of paved foot- in room at no additional charge but must register with the paths throughout the campus—an outstanding environment for bird-watching, jogging, and nature photography. NCTC’s front desk. They can purchase the meal plan or pay for their rugged hiking trails take you through eastern hardwood forests and meals a-la-carte. Cost: Full service meal plan: $46 per day. Potomac River meadows. An active eagle’s nest is visible from many Individual meals – breakfast $8, lunch $12, and dinner $26. locations around the NCTC campus. Lodging Offsite: For offsite lodging information visit www.shepherdstownvisitorscenter.com TACF_vol_1_issue2.indd 2 8/27/10 12:58:30 PM THE AMERICAN CHESTNUT FOUNDATION Board of Directors Chairman Secretary Glen Rea, ME Essie Burnworth, MD Vice Chair, Science Legal Counsel Dr. Kim Steiner, PA Donald Willeke, Esq., MN Vice Chair, Development Science Director Carolyn Hill, GA Dr. Albert Ellingboe, WI Treasurer President & CEO Steve Barilovits III, NC (non-voting) Bryan Burhans William Adamsen, CT Rex Mann, KY Dr. Gary Carver, MD Bryant Marsh II, IN Dr. J. Hill Craddock, TN Catherine D. Mayes, VA The Mission of The American Chestnut Foundation Herb Darling, NY Dr. Brian C. McCarthy, OH R. Alex Day, PA James O. Mills, TN he mission of THE AMERICAN CHESTNUT FOUNDA- Jamie Donalds, MA Dr. Anne M. Myers, KY TION is to restore the American chestnut tree to its Sean Fisher, TN Joe Nicholson, GA native range within the woodlands of the eastern United States, using a scientific research and breeding program Scott Freidhof, KY Tim Phelps, TN developed by its founders. The American Chestnut Foun- Doug Gillis, NC Mac Phillippi, AL dation is restoring a species - and in the process, creating Hugh Irwin, NC Dr. Paul Sisco, NC a template for restoration of other tree and plant species. Dr. Joseph B. James, SC Bradford Stanback, NC T Grace Knight, VT George ompson, VA We harvested our first potentially blight-resistant nuts in 2005, and the Foundation is beginning reforestation trials with potentially blight- Dr. William Lord, PA Ru n Van Bossuyt, MA resistant American-type trees. The return of the American chestnut to Dr. William MacDonald, WV Bruce Wakeland, IN its former range in the Appalachian hardwood forest ecosystem is a Richard S. Will, TX major restoration project that requires a multi-faceted effort involving 6,000 members & volunteers, research, sustained funding and most Honorary Directors important, a sense of the past and a hope for the future. e Honorable Mrs. Mary Belle Price James Earl Carter Dr. Peter H. Raven Dr. Richard A. Jaynes Mr. Philip A. Rutter Production Staff About Our Cover Photo: Tammy Sapp James Powell Editorial Director Editor Je Hughes Meghan Jordan Art Director Managing Editor TACF Locations & Staff TACF Headquarters 160 Zillicoa Street, Suite D Asheville, NC 28801 (828) 281-0047 Bryan Burhans, President and CEO Judy Antaramian, Administrative Assistant Betsy Gamber, V.P. of Operations Meghan Jordan, Director of Communications Dennis Kimball, Sta Accountant Sarah Spooner, Program Manager for Grants and Agreements Marshal Case, President Emeritus Meadowview Northern Appalachian Research Farms Regional O ce 14005 Glenbrook Avenue Pennsylvania State University Meadowview, VA 24361 School of Forest Resources (276) 944-4631 206 Forest Resources Lab Dr. Fred Hebard, Sta Patholo- University Park, PA 16802 gist, William White, Southern (814) 863-7192 Appalachian Regional Science Sara Fitzsimmons, Northern Coordinator; Robert Caudle, Appalachian Regional Technician, Danny Honaker, Science Coordinator Farmer; George Sykes, Farmer September always means harvest time at TACF’s Meadowview Research Farms. New England Regional O ce Last year, more than 50,000 American chestnuts were handpicked from the thou- ARRI Partnership O ce USFS Northern Mountain State University Research Station sands of trees populating Meadowview and it’s always a race to harvest them before 322 S. Kanawaha Street 705 Spear Street the local wildlife nds the nuts. Photo by Meghan Jordan, TACF. Beckley, WV 25801 South Burlington, VT 05403 (276) 614-4777 (802) 999-8706 Dr. Robert Paris, Kendra Gurney, New England Research Geneticist Regional Science Coordinator WWW.ACF.ORG | THE JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHESTNUT FOUNDATION 3 TACF_vol_1_issue2.indd 3 8/24/10 12:15:10 PM TABLE OF CONTENTS Inside This Issue: 8 Around the Range with TACF CEO Bryan Burhans 5 Cooperative Conservation Letter from TACF Chairman, Glen Rea 6 Using Science to Chart Our Course News from The American Chestnut Foundation 7 Promotions, Departures and Arrivals The Henry Chestnut, or, the Chinese Chinquapin 8 A Gift from China 17 Protect Your Investment 11 Secure Your Timberland by Choosing the Right Liability Policy The Infl uence of the American Chestnut 12 In Appalachian History and Culture: Part II Trouble with Weevils? 17 Simple Strategies for Controlling a Common Pest Meadowview Dedication a Success! 19 200 Attendees Celebrate Opening of New Laboratory 20 The American Chestnut 20 A Perfect Wildlife Food Lost in Time, But Not Forgotten Cooking with Chestnuts 23 Chestnut Fennel Soup 12 23 e In uence of e American Chestnut Part II Part in Appalachian History and Culture 4 THE JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHESTNUT FOUNDATION | SEPTEMBER 2010 TACF_vol_1_issue2.indd 4 8/24/10 12:15:31 PM AROUND THE RANGE: MESSAGE FROM CEO Cooperative Conservation Bryan Burhans, CEO hile ying from Massa- chapter seed orchards as they chusetts to Asheville, come online. N.C., this winter, I was We also have many new treated to clear, crisp partners. TACF just entered skies as I passed over into an agreement with the New York and then south Natural Resources Conserva- through Pennsylvania, Virginia and eventually tion Service (NRCS) to help WNorth Carolina. is eagle’s-eye view of our us in restoring the American extensive eastern forests reminded me of the chestnut on private lands. e long road ahead for e American Chestnut future restoration of the Foundation’s (TACF) restoration e orts. Not American chestnut will de- too far in the future, we hope to begin planting pend on our ability to work large numbers of potentially blight-resistant with the NRCS and private American chestnuts. But how is a 6,000-mem- landowners to help restore the ber organization going to accomplish this chestnut as most of the lands monumental feat? within the historic and eco- An estimated four billion American chest- logical range of the American chestnut are TACF President and CEO nuts succumbed to the blight during the early privately owned. Bryan Burhans 1900s. If you had cut them all down and laid Another tremendous opportunity for chest- them end-to-end, you would have encircled the nut restoration is on reclaimed mine lands. Earth more than 27,000 times! ose types of Found within the coal region of the U.S., an numbers can make your head spin, and only historic stronghold of the chestnut, reclaimed add to our recognition of what we have lost, mine areas o er an opportunity to improve and what we have yet to accomplish.
Recommended publications
  • CHESTNUT (CASTANEA Spp.) CULTIVAR EVALUATION for COMMERCIAL CHESTNUT PRODUCTION

    CHESTNUT (CASTANEA Spp.) CULTIVAR EVALUATION for COMMERCIAL CHESTNUT PRODUCTION

    CHESTNUT (CASTANEA spp.) CULTIVAR EVALUATION FOR COMMERCIAL CHESTNUT PRODUCTION IN HAMILTON COUNTY, TENNESSEE By Ana Maria Metaxas Approved: James Hill Craddock Jennifer Boyd Professor of Biological Sciences Assistant Professor of Biological and Environmental Sciences (Director of Thesis) (Committee Member) Gregory Reighard Jeffery Elwell Professor of Horticulture Dean, College of Arts and Sciences (Committee Member) A. Jerald Ainsworth Dean of the Graduate School CHESTNUT (CASTANEA spp.) CULTIVAR EVALUATION FOR COMMERCIAL CHESTNUT PRODUCTION IN HAMILTON COUNTY, TENNESSEE by Ana Maria Metaxas A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Environmental Science May 2013 ii ABSTRACT Chestnut cultivars were evaluated for their commercial applicability under the environmental conditions in Hamilton County, TN at 35°13ꞌ 45ꞌꞌ N 85° 00ꞌ 03.97ꞌꞌ W elevation 230 meters. In 2003 and 2004, 534 trees were planted, representing 64 different cultivars, varieties, and species. Twenty trees from each of 20 different cultivars were planted as five-tree plots in a randomized complete block design in four blocks of 100 trees each, amounting to 400 trees. The remaining 44 chestnut cultivars, varieties, and species served as a germplasm collection. These were planted in guard rows surrounding the four blocks in completely randomized, single-tree plots. In the analysis, we investigated our collection predominantly with the aim to: 1) discover the degree of acclimation of grower- recommended cultivars to southeastern Tennessee climatic conditions and 2) ascertain the cultivars’ ability to survive in the area with Cryphonectria parasitica and other chestnut diseases and pests present.
  • Chestnut Growers' Guide to Site Selection and Environmental Stress

    Chestnut Growers' Guide to Site Selection and Environmental Stress

    This idyllic orchard has benefited from good soil and irrigation. Photo by Tom Saielli Chestnut Growers’ Guide to Site Selection and Environmental Stress By Elsa Youngsteadt American chestnuts are tough, efficient trees that can reward their growers with several feet of growth per year. They’ll survive and even thrive under a range of conditions, but there are a few deal breakers that guarantee sickly, slow-growing trees. This guide, intended for backyard and small-orchard growers, will help you avoid these fatal mistakes and choose planting sites that will support strong, healthy trees. You’ll know you’ve done well when your chestnuts are still thriving a few years after planting. By then, they’ll be strong enough to withstand many stresses, from drought to a caterpillar outbreak, with much less human help. Soil Soil type is the absolute, number-one consideration when deciding where—or whether—to plant American chestnuts. These trees demand well-drained, acidic soil with a sandy to loamy texture. Permanently wet, basic, or clay soils are out of the question. So spend some time getting to know your dirt before launching a chestnut project. Dig it up, roll it between your fingers, and send in a sample for a soil test. Free tests are available through most state extension programs, and anyone can send a sample to the Penn State Agricultural Analytical Services Lab (which TACF uses) for a small fee. More information can be found at http://agsci.psu.edu/aasl/soil-testing. There are several key factors to look for. The two-foot-long taproot on this four- Acidity year-old root system could not have The ideal pH for American chestnut is 5.5, with an acceptable range developed in shallow soils, suggesting from about 4.5 to 6.5.
  • Restoration of the American Chestnut in New Jersey

    Restoration of the American Chestnut in New Jersey

    U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Restoration of the American Chestnut in New Jersey The American chestnut (Castanea dentata) is a tree native to New Jersey that once grew from Maine to Mississippi and as far west as Indiana and Tennessee. This tree with wide-spreading branches and a deep broad-rounded crown can live 500-800 years and reach a height of 100 feet and a diameter of more than 10 feet. Once estimated at 4 billion trees, the American chestnut Harvested chestnuts, early 1900's. has almost been extirpated in the last 100 years. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, New Jersey Field Value Office (Service) and its partners, including American Chestnut The American chestnut is valued Cooperators’ Foundation, American for its fruit and lumber. Chestnuts Chestnut Foundation, Monmouth are referred to as the “bread County Parks, Bayside State tree” because their nuts are Prison, Natural Lands Trust, and so high in starch that they can several volunteers, are working to American chestnut leaf (4"-8"). be milled into flour. Chestnuts recover the American chestnut in can be roasted, boiled, dried, or New Jersey. History candied. The nuts that fell to the ground were an important cash Chestnuts have a long history of crop for families in the northeast cultivation and use. The European U.S. and southern Appalachians chestnut (Castanea sativa) formed up until the twentieth century. the basis of a vital economy in Chestnuts were taken into towns the Mediterranean Basin during by wagonload and then shipped Roman times. More recently, by train to major markets in New areas in Southern Europe (such as York, Boston, and Philadelphia.
  • American Chestnut Castanea Dentata

    American Chestnut Castanea Dentata

    Best Management Practices for Pollination in Ontario Crops www.pollinator.ca/canpolin American Chestnut Castanea dentata Tree nuts are usually grown under warmer conditions than are found in Ontario, but there are several types of nuts native to the province that are of interest for local consumption or commercial development (beaked hazelnut, black walnut). There are some non-native commercial species that have been imported. Many nuts require long hot growing seasons, and be- cause they are growing near the northern limit of hardiness, they can be a risky crop. Most are wind-pollinated and self- fruitful, although there are exceptions, and wild populations of at least some species appear to have mechanisms in place to encourage cross-fertilization, and produce higher quality nuts when cross-pollinated. Pollination Recommendations The chestnut was once an important tree in eastern deciduous forests, with the northern edge of its distribution in southern Ontario. After the chestnut blight was introduced in 1904, the species declined precipitously in the wild, and few trees re- main in Ontario forests. Chestnut is self-compatible, but still requires cross-pollination because the male and female flowers do not bloom at the same time on an individual tree. The flowers are in the form of catkins, and a variety of pollinators collect both nectar and pollen from the flowers. Unlike most other nut trees, the American chestnut is pollinated by insects. Wild trees generally cannot reproduce due to the isolation of individual trees, and artificial propagation is necessary to propagate the species. In the related Caucasian chestnut tree, Castanea sativa, pollination by honey bees can improve total nut yield.
  • The Effect of Insects on Seed Set of Ozark Chinquapin, Castanea Ozarkensis" (2017)

    The Effect of Insects on Seed Set of Ozark Chinquapin, Castanea Ozarkensis" (2017)

    University of Arkansas, Fayetteville ScholarWorks@UARK Theses and Dissertations 5-2017 The ffecE t of Insects on Seed Set of Ozark Chinquapin, Castanea ozarkensis Colton Zirkle University of Arkansas, Fayetteville Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd Part of the Botany Commons, Entomology Commons, and the Plant Biology Commons Recommended Citation Zirkle, Colton, "The Effect of Insects on Seed Set of Ozark Chinquapin, Castanea ozarkensis" (2017). Theses and Dissertations. 1996. http://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/1996 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UARK. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UARK. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]. The Effect of Insects on Seed Set of Ozark Chinquapin, Castanea ozarkensis A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Entomology by Colton Zirkle Missouri State University Bachelor of Science in Biology, 2014 May 2017 University of Arkansas This thesis is approved for recommendation to the Graduate Council. ____________________________________ Dr. Ashley Dowling Thesis Director ____________________________________ ______________________________________ Dr. Frederick Paillet Dr. Neelendra Joshi Committee Member Committee Member Abstract Ozark chinquapin (Castanea ozarkensis), once found throughout the Interior Highlands of the United States, has been decimated across much of its range due to accidental introduction of chestnut blight, Cryphonectria parasitica. Efforts have been made to conserve and restore C. ozarkensis, but success requires thorough knowledge of the reproductive biology of the species. Other Castanea species are reported to have characteristics of both wind and insect pollination, but pollination strategies of Ozark chinquapin are unknown.
  • Recent Advances in Adventitious Root Formation in Chestnut

    Recent Advances in Adventitious Root Formation in Chestnut

    plants Review Recent Advances in Adventitious Root Formation in Chestnut Jesús M. Vielba, Nieves Vidal , M. Carmen San José, Saleta Rico and Conchi Sánchez * Department of Plant Physiology, Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiológicas de Galicia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; [email protected] (J.M.V.); [email protected] (N.V.); [email protected] (M.C.S.J.); [email protected] (S.R.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +34-981590958 Received: 7 September 2020; Accepted: 5 November 2020; Published: 11 November 2020 Abstract: The genus Castanea includes several tree species that are relevant because of their geographical extension and their multipurpose character, that includes nut and timber production. However, commercial exploitation of the trees is hindered by several factors, particularly by their limited regeneration ability. Regardless of recent advances, there exists a serious limitation for the propagation of elite genotypes of chestnut due to decline of rooting ability as the tree ages. In the present review, we summarize the research developed in this genus during the last three decades concerning the formation of adventitious roots (ARs). Focusing on cuttings and in vitro microshoots, we gather the information available on several species, particularly C. sativa, C. dentata and the hybrid C. sativa C. crenata, and analyze the influence of several factors on the achievements of the × applied protocols, including genotype, auxin treatment, light regime and rooting media. We also pay attention to the acclimation phase, as well as compile the information available about biochemical and molecular related aspects. Furthermore, we considerate promising biotechnological approaches that might enable the improvement of the current protocols.
  • Chestnut Quiz: Questions and Answers

    Chestnut Quiz: Questions and Answers

    kupidonia.com Chestnut Quiz: questions and answers Chestnut Quiz: questions and answers - 1 / 4 kupidonia.com 1. Which family of trees does chestnut belong to? Juglandaceae Fagaceae Myricaceae 2. How many species of chestnut exist? 9 7 8 3. What are the two accepted species of American chestnuts? Castanea dentata and Castanea pumila Castanea mollissima and Castanea henryi Castanea pumila and Castanea seguinii 4. Which genius does chestnut belong to? Castanea Lithocarpus Castanopsis 5. What is the scientific name for Dwarf chestnut? Castanea henryi Castanea pumila Chestnut Quiz: questions and answers - 2 / 4 kupidonia.com Castanea mollissima 6. How much energy does a raw chestnut have? 890 kJ 670 kJ 820 kJ 7. Which country is the largest producer of chestnuts? China South Korea Turkey 8. Which language does name "chestnut" come from? Spanish Latin Old French 9. Where was chestnut brought to Europe from? Asia Africa Australia Chestnut Quiz: questions and answers - 3 / 4 kupidonia.com Chestnut Quiz: questions and answers Right answers 1. Which family of trees does chestnut belong to? Fagaceae 2. How many species of chestnut exist? 8 3. What are the two accepted species of American chestnuts? Castanea dentata and Castanea pumila 4. Which genius does chestnut belong to? Castanea 5. What is the scientific name for Dwarf chestnut? Castanea pumila 6. How much energy does a raw chestnut have? 820 kJ 7. Which country is the largest producer of chestnuts? China 8. Which language does name "chestnut" come from? Old French 9. Where was chestnut brought to Europe from? Asia Chestnut Quiz: questions and answers - 4 / 4 Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org).
  • TACF Fact Sheet American Chestnut Vs

    TACF Fact Sheet American Chestnut Vs

    ID# GPAs V. 1, April 2015 TACF Fact Sheet American Chestnut vs. Horse Chestnut: How to Differentiate between “Chestnut” Trees A Tale of Two Chestnuts… American chestnut (Castanea dentata) and horse chestnut (Aesculus hippo-castanaum) are both deciduous trees that share the same short name – “chestnut”. But this short name is where the major similarities end. American chestnut is in the beech family (Fagaceae), along with beeches and oaks, while the horse chestnut is in the soapberry family (Sapindaceae), and most closely related to our native buckeyes. American chestnut So how do you know which ‘chestnut’ you have? Leaves The leaves of American chestnut are simple, meaning one leaf blade per leaf stalk. The leaves are typically long and narrow, with deeply-toothed edges. The teeth curve towards the tip of the leaf, making a breaking ocean wave pattern along the edge of the leaf. In contrast, the leaves of horse chestnut are compound, meaning that one leaf is made up of several leaf blades (called leaflets) per leaf stalk. Horse chestnut typically has 5-7 leaflets. The leaflet margins are also toothed, but the teeth are much smaller and do not make an ocean wave pattern. Flowers USDA-NRCS PLANTS The flowers of American chestnut bloom late, typically around the 4th of July. Database / Britton, N.L., and A. Brown. 1913. An illustrated American chestnut produces both male and female flowers, usually in the same flora of the northern United cluster, though it is not uncommon for a cluster to consist of male flowers only. The States, Canada and the British male flowers are long catkins that hang down and look like white or cream colored Possessions.
  • American Chestnut, Castanea Dentata

    American Chestnut, Castanea Dentata

    FORFS 20-03 University of Kentucky College of Agriculture, Food and Environment American Chestnut, Cooperative Extension Service Castanea dentata Megan Buland and Ellen Crocker, Forest Health Extension, and Rick Bennett, Plant Pathology merican chestnut (Castanea den- tata) was once a dominant tree species,A historically found throughout eastern North America and comprising nearly 1 of every 4 trees in the central Ap- palachian region. Valued for its nuts (eat- en by people and a key source of wildlife mast), rot resistance and attractive timber, it was a central component of many east- ern forests (Fig. 1). However, the invasive chestnut blight fungus (Cryphonectria parasitica), introduced to North Amer- ica from Asia in the early 1900s, wiped out the majority of mature American chestnut throughout its range. While American chestnut is still functionally absent from these areas, continued ef- forts to return it to its native range, led by several different non-profit and academic research partners and using a variety of different approaches, are underway and provide hope for restoring this species. Figure 1. Large healthy American chest- Figure 4. Larger trunks and branches have nuts like this, once valued for timber, are deep vertical furrows. Species Characteristics now very rare. Most succumb to chestnut blight when they are much younger. American chestnut is a member of the Photos courtesies: Figure 1: USDA Forest Service - Southern Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Fagaceae family, the same family to SRS, Bugwood.org; Figure 4: Megan Buland, University of Kentucky which oak and beech trees belong. The leaves and branches of American chest- oblong in shape, 5-8” long, with a coarsely serrated margin, each serration ending in nut are alternate in arrangement (Fig.
  • Chestnut Culture in California

    Chestnut Culture in California

    PUBLICATION 8010 Chestnut Culture in California PAUL VOSSEN, University of California Cooperative Extension Farm Advisor, Sonoma County he chestnut is a delicious nut produced on large, magnificent trees on millions of Tacres of native habitat in the Northern Hemisphere, particularly in China, Korea, UNIVERSITY OF Japan, and Southern Europe. The entire eastern half of the United States was once CALIFORNIA covered with native chestnut trees until a blight fungus introduced from Asia Division of Agriculture destroyed them in the early 1900s. The fleshy nut is sweet with a starchy texture and and Natural Resources has a low fat content, resembling a cereal grain. The nuts are eaten as traditional foods in much of Asia and Europe, where they are consumed fresh, cooked, candied, http://anrcatalog.ucdavis.edu and as a source of flour for pastries. The chestnut tree is in the same family as beeches and oaks (Fagaceae). The for- midable, spiny chestnut burr is the equivalent of the cap on an acorn. Chestnuts belong to the genus Castanea, with four main economic species: C. dentata (North American), C. mollissima (Chinese), C. sativa (European), and C. crenata (Japanese). It is not related to the horse chestnut (Aesculus spp.). The tree has gray bark and is deciduous, with leaves that are 5 to 7 inches (12.5 to 18 cm) long, sharply serrated, oblong-lanceolate, and pinnately veined. Domestication of the chestnut is still pro- gressing, with much of the world’s production collected from natural stands. SPECIES Four species of chestnut are grown in North America (see table 1). They exist as pure species or, more commonly, as hybrids of the various species because they read- ily cross with one another.
  • Chestnut Tree

    Chestnut Tree

    Dedicated to restoring the American Chestnut Tree VOLUME 24, ISSUE 2 SEPTEMBER 2019 speaking on Heritage + Habitat = Sustainable Future Join us in Gettysburg for the Sally M. Walker, author of the children’s book Cham- pion: The Comeback Tale of the American Chestnut TACF 36th Annual Meeting speaking on The American Chestnut Sprouts in School Saturday, October 19, 2019 Curricula Tree 7: 00 am to 9:30 pm Bruce Wakeland, Pres. of Wakeland Forestry Consult- ants, Inc, Culver IN and TACF Restoration Committee Where: Wyndham Gettysburg Chair with his talk, There They Were With The Chestnut; Peter Lane, PA/NJ Chapter Member sharing his banjo 95 Presidential Circle stylings of chestnut songs. Gettysburg, PA 17325 TACF science staff will be on hand to meet attendees and moderate sessions on Chestnut Research, Gettys- Register Today! burg History and Its Future, and Chestnut in Story and www.acf.org/store/fall-meeting-2019/ Song. Or call their ofϐice: (828)281-0047 TREAT YOURSELF! The evening will wrap up with a delicious banquet, featuring keynote speaker Jenny Help us showcase our Chapter spirit at the 2019 An- Rose Carey Senior Director of the Gardens at Philadel- nual Meeting of TACF. PA/NJ is the largest chapter phia Horticultural Society’s beautiful Meadowbrook of TACF with around 900 members. We would love Farm in Jenkintown, PA. to see you all at this important event. Come to learn , socialize. give TACF a big PA and NJ welcome. WEAR YOUR CHAPTER PRIDE! We’re ordering a special blue and white long sleeve edition of our Chap- ter t-shirt which we hope you will purchase and wear to the meeting on the 19th.
  • FAGACEAE 1. FAGUS Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 997. 1753

    FAGACEAE 1. FAGUS Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 997. 1753

    Flora of China 4: 314–400. 1999. 1 FAGACEAE 壳斗科 qiao dou ke Huang Chengjiu (黄成就 Huang Ching-chieu)1, Zhang Yongtian (张永田 Chang Yong-tian)2; Bruce Bartholomew3 Trees or rarely shrubs, monoecions, evergreen or deciduous. Stipules usually early deciduous. Leaves alternate, sometimes false-whorled in Cyclobalanopsis. Inflorescences unisexual or androgynous with female cupules at the base of an otherwise male inflorescence. Male inflorescences a pendulous head or erect or pendulous catkin, sometimes branched; flowers in dense cymules. Male flower: sepals 4–6(–9), scalelike, connate or distinct; petals absent; filaments filiform; anthers dorsifixed or versatile, opening by longitudinal slits; with or without a rudimentary pistil. Female inflorescences of 1–7 or more flowers subtended individually or collectively by a cupule formed from numerous fused bracts, arranged individually or in small groups along an axis or at base of an androgynous inflorescence or on a separate axis. Female flower: perianth 1–7 or more; pistil 1; ovary inferior, 3–6(– 9)-loculed; style and carpels as many as locules; placentation axile; ovules 2 per locule. Fruit a nut. Seed usually solitary by abortion (but may be more than 1 in Castanea, Castanopsis, Fagus, and Formanodendron), without endosperm; embryo large. Seven to 12 genera (depending on interpretation) and 900–1000 species: worldwide except for tropical and S Africa; seven genera and 294 species (163 endemic, at least three introduced) in China. Many species are important timber trees. Nuts of Fagus, Castanea, and of most Castanopsis species are edible, and oil is extracted from nuts of Fagus. Nuts of most species of this family contain copious amounts of water soluble tannin.