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JUICE Red Book
ESA/SRE(2014)1 September 2014 JUICE JUpiter ICy moons Explorer Exploring the emergence of habitable worlds around gas giants Definition Study Report European Space Agency 1 This page left intentionally blank 2 Mission Description Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer Key science goals The emergence of habitable worlds around gas giants Characterise Ganymede, Europa and Callisto as planetary objects and potential habitats Explore the Jupiter system as an archetype for gas giants Payload Ten instruments Laser Altimeter Radio Science Experiment Ice Penetrating Radar Visible-Infrared Hyperspectral Imaging Spectrometer Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrograph Imaging System Magnetometer Particle Package Submillimetre Wave Instrument Radio and Plasma Wave Instrument Overall mission profile 06/2022 - Launch by Ariane-5 ECA + EVEE Cruise 01/2030 - Jupiter orbit insertion Jupiter tour Transfer to Callisto (11 months) Europa phase: 2 Europa and 3 Callisto flybys (1 month) Jupiter High Latitude Phase: 9 Callisto flybys (9 months) Transfer to Ganymede (11 months) 09/2032 – Ganymede orbit insertion Ganymede tour Elliptical and high altitude circular phases (5 months) Low altitude (500 km) circular orbit (4 months) 06/2033 – End of nominal mission Spacecraft 3-axis stabilised Power: solar panels: ~900 W HGA: ~3 m, body fixed X and Ka bands Downlink ≥ 1.4 Gbit/day High Δv capability (2700 m/s) Radiation tolerance: 50 krad at equipment level Dry mass: ~1800 kg Ground TM stations ESTRAC network Key mission drivers Radiation tolerance and technology Power budget and solar arrays challenges Mass budget Responsibilities ESA: manufacturing, launch, operations of the spacecraft and data archiving PI Teams: science payload provision, operations, and data analysis 3 Foreword The JUICE (JUpiter ICy moon Explorer) mission, selected by ESA in May 2012 to be the first large mission within the Cosmic Vision Program 2015–2025, will provide the most comprehensive exploration to date of the Jovian system in all its complexity, with particular emphasis on Ganymede as a planetary body and potential habitat. -
Geologic Mapping of the Chaac-Camaxtli Region of Io from Galileo Imaging Data David A
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH, VOL. 107, NO. E9, 5068, doi:10.1029/2001JE001821, 2002 Geologic mapping of the Chaac-Camaxtli region of Io from Galileo imaging data David A. Williams,1 Jani Radebaugh,2 Laszlo P. Keszthelyi,2 Alfred S. McEwen,2 Rosaly M. C. Lopes,3 Sylvain Doute´,3 and Ronald Greeley1 Received 13 November 2001; revised 22 April 2002; accepted 5 June 2002; published 26 September 2002. [1] We produced a geologic/geomorphologic map of the Chaac-Camaxtli region of Io’s leading anti-Jovian hemisphere using regional resolution (186 m/pixel) Galileo imaging data collected during orbit I27 (February 2000) integrated with lower resolution (1.4 km/ pixel) color data, along with other Galileo imaging and spectral data. This is the first regional map of Io made from Galileo data. Nine color and geomorphologic units have been mapped, and the close proximity of dark and various colored bright materials suggests that there is an intimate interaction between (presumably) silicate magmas and sulfur-bearing volatile materials that produced a variety of explosive and effusive deposits in the recent geologic past. This region of Io is dominated by 11 volcanic centers, most of which are paterae that are analogous in morphology to terrestrial calderas but larger in size. Mapping of structural features indicates that most of the active regions occur in topographic lows, and less active or inactive paterae are associated with topographic highs. This indicates that crustal thickness variations influence magma access to the surface. Surface changes in this region since the Voyager flybys (1979) are relatively minor (additional bright and dark flows, color changes), although several active vents have migrated within paterae. -
Chapter Vi Report of Divisions, Commissions, and Working
CHAPTER VI REPORT OF DIVISIONS, COMMISSIONS, AND WORKING GROUPS Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.33.42, on 24 Sep 2021 at 09:23:58, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0251107X00011937 DIVISION I FUNDAMENTAL ASTRONOMY Division I provides a focus for astronomers studying a wide range of problems related to fundamental physical phenomena such as time, the intertial reference frame, positions and proper motions of celestial objects, and precise dynamical computation of the motions of bodies in stellar or planetary systems in the Universe. PRESIDENT: P. Kenneth Seidelmann U.S. Naval Observatory, 3450 Massachusetts Ave NW Washington, DC 20392-5100, US Tel. + 1 202 762 1441 Fax. +1 202 762 1516 E-mail: [email protected] BOARD E.M. Standish President Commission 4 C. Froeschle President Commisison 7 H. Schwan President Commisison 8 D.D. McCarthy President Commisison 19 E. Schilbach President Commisison 24 T. Fukushima President Commisison 31 J. Kovalevsky Past President Division I PARTICIPATING COMMISSIONS: COMMISSION 4 EPHEMERIDES COMMISSION 7 CELESTIAL MECHANICS AND DYNAMICAL ASTRONOMY COMMISSION 8 POSITIONAL ASTRONOMY COMMISSION 19 ROTATION OF THE EARTH COMMISSION 24 PHOTOGRAPHIC ASTROMETRY COMMISSION 31 TIME Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.33.42, on 24 Sep 2021 at 09:23:58, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0251107X00011937 COMMISSION 4: EPHEMERIDES President: H. Kinoshita Secretary: C.Y. Hohenkerk Commission 4 held one business meeting. -
02. Solar System (2001) 9/4/01 12:28 PM Page 2
01. Solar System Cover 9/4/01 12:18 PM Page 1 National Aeronautics and Educational Product Space Administration Educators Grades K–12 LS-2001-08-002-HQ Solar System Lithograph Set for Space Science This set contains the following lithographs: • Our Solar System • Moon • Saturn • Our Star—The Sun • Mars • Uranus • Mercury • Asteroids • Neptune • Venus • Jupiter • Pluto and Charon • Earth • Moons of Jupiter • Comets 01. Solar System Cover 9/4/01 12:18 PM Page 2 NASA’s Central Operation of Resources for Educators Regional Educator Resource Centers offer more educators access (CORE) was established for the national and international distribution of to NASA educational materials. NASA has formed partnerships with universities, NASA-produced educational materials in audiovisual format. Educators can museums, and other educational institutions to serve as regional ERCs in many obtain a catalog and an order form by one of the following methods: States. A complete list of regional ERCs is available through CORE, or electroni- cally via NASA Spacelink at http://spacelink.nasa.gov/ercn NASA CORE Lorain County Joint Vocational School NASA’s Education Home Page serves as a cyber-gateway to informa- 15181 Route 58 South tion regarding educational programs and services offered by NASA for the Oberlin, OH 44074-9799 American education community. This high-level directory of information provides Toll-free Ordering Line: 1-866-776-CORE specific details and points of contact for all of NASA’s educational efforts, Field Toll-free FAX Line: 1-866-775-1460 Center offices, and points of presence within each State. Visit this resource at the E-mail: [email protected] following address: http://education.nasa.gov Home Page: http://core.nasa.gov NASA Spacelink is one of NASA’s electronic resources specifically devel- Educator Resource Center Network (ERCN) oped for the educational community. -
La Nave Cassini Por Alberto Flandes
El final de una gran dinastía: la nave Cassini Por Alberto Flandes Después de 13 años y 2 200 millones de kilómetros recorridos en 243 órbitas alrededor de Saturno, el 15 de septiembre de 2017 la nave Cassini ingresará en la atmósfera del planeta a decenas de miles de kilómetros por hora y se desintegrará. Ilustración: NASA/JPL-Caltech 16 ¿cómoves? Prohibida la reproducción parcial o total del contenido, por cualquier medio, sin la autorización expresa del editor. La nave Cassini es la última de una de Titán, la luna gigante de generación que debutó con las misiones Saturno, la trayectoria del Pioneer y Voyager en los años 70, y si- Voyager 2 se modificó para guió con la sonda Galileo, en los 90. No hacer un acercamiento a esta habrá otra igual por lo menos en varias luna y estudiarla con algo más décadas. de detalle. Las Pioneer 10 y 11 son naves ge- Tanto las naves Voyager como melas lanzadas en 1972 y 1973. Las Vo- las Pioneer, y la misma Cassini, yager 1 y 2, también gemelas, se lanzaron estaban obligadas a pasar también en 1977. Tenían como objetivo explorar el por Júpiter porque, aparte del interés Sistema Solar exterior más allá de la ór- en estudiar este planeta gigante, su Encélado bita de Marte y el cinturón de asteroides, atracción gravitacional las ayudaría Misión Cassini (NASA/JPL-Caltech/SSI) y alcanzar el medio interestelar. Su obje- a ganar velocidad para escapar de la tivo secundario era llevar un mensaje de atracción del Sol y así poder abandonar paz y hacerle saber a alguna civilización el Sistema Solar o llegar a Saturno en extraterrestre, en caso de encontrarla, el caso de Cassini. -
Science from the Jupiter Europa Orbiter—A Future Outer Planet Flagship Mission
Exploring Europa: Science from the Jupiter Europa Orbiter—A Future Outer Planet Flagship Mission Louise M. Prockter, Kenneth E. Hibbard, Thomas J. Magner, and John D. Boldt he Europa Jupiter System Mission, an international joint mission recently studied by NASA and the European Space Agency, would directly address the origin and evolution of satellite systems and the water-rich environ- ments of icy moons. In this article, we report on the scientific goals of the NASA-led part of the Europa Jupiter System Mission, the Jupiter Europa Orbiter, which would investigate the potential habitability of the ocean-bearing moon Europa by character- izing the geophysical, compositional, geological, and external processes that affect this icy world. INTRODUCTION About 400 years ago Galileo Galilei discovered the continued in 1994 with the arrival of the Galileo space- four large moons of Jupiter, thereby spurring the Coper- craft. After dropping a probe into Jupiter’s atmosphere, nican Revolution and forever changing our understand- the spacecraft spent several years orbiting the giant ing of the universe. Today, these Galilean satellites planet, accomplishing flybys of all the Galilean satellites, may hold the key to understanding the habitability of Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto. Despite significant icy worlds, as three of the moons are believed to harbor technical setbacks, including the loss of the main com- internal oceans. On Earth, water is the key ingredient munication antenna and issues with the onboard tape for life, so it is reasonable that the search for life in our recorder, the spacecraft returned valuable data that sig- solar system should focus on the search for water. -
Gany 15Ppi.Pdf
180° 0° 55° –55° . Geb Ur Sulcus 210° 330° 150° . Latpon 30° 60° –60° . Namtar . Agrotes Elam Philae Sulcus Sulci . Nigirsu Borsip Sulcus Lakhmu Fossae 70° –70° 240° 300° 60° 120° Galileo . Humbaba . Lagamal 80° . Wepwawet –80° . Teshub 90° 270° 90° 270° . Hathor Regio Bubastis Sulci Anubis . Neheh Dukug Sulcus 80° –80° Anzu Hamra. Patera . Adapa Etana GILGAMESH . Kishar . Aya 120° 60° 300° 240° . Ptah –70° . 70° Isis Ninkasi . Anu Enlil . Zaqar . Gula . Tanit . Sapas . Achelous Sebek 60° –60° 30° 150° 330° Mummu Sulci 210° . Adad 55° –55° 0° 180° North Pole South Pole 180° 170° 160° 150° 140° 130° 120° 110° 100° 90° 80° 70° 60° 50° 40° 30° 20° 10° 0° 350° 340° 330° 320° 310° 300° 290° 280° 270° 260° 250° 240° 230° 220° 210° 200° 190° 180° 57° 57° Geb . Enlil Elam Sulci . Asshur . Sin Ur Sulcus 50° 50° Aquarius Sulcus . Kadi Nun Sulci . Hershef Mashu Sulcus . Upuant Lakhmu Fossae . Galileo . Nefertum Mont Ur . Shu Byblus Sulcus Nippur Sulcus Sulcus Philus Sulcus 40° Enki Catena 40° Zu Fossae Nergal . Akitu Sulcus Tettu Facula . Lumha . Harakhtes . Halieus Abydos . Gir . Perrine Regio Khnum . Amon Facula Regio Kulla Catena . Anhur . Marius Nippur Sulcus M . Ammura Zakar . 30° Sati Mor a Bigeh . s 30° . Mehit Min . h Akhmin Facula Haroeris u Neith . Sicyon Sulcus Ta-urt S Facula Edfu Xibalba Sulcus Nineveh Sulcus u Anshar Sulcus l c Facula u . Ba'al s Epigeus . Bau Diment . Lugalmeslam Epigeus . Ilah Atra-hasis Hermopolis . Facula 20° Khepri Gushkin 20° . Ea . Heliopolis . Geinos Nidaba Nanshe . Facula Memphis Catena Seima . Agreus Busiris Chrysor.. Aleyin . -
Natural Radio Emission of Jupiter As Interferences for Radar Investigations of the Icy Satellites of Jupiter
Natural radio emission of Jupiter as interferences for radar investigations of the icy satellites of Jupiter B. Cecconia, S. Hessb, A. H´eriquec, M.R. Santovitod, D. Santos-Costae, P. Zarkaa, G. Albertid, D. Blankenshipf, J.-L. Bougereta, L. Bruzzoneg, W. Kofmanc aLESIA, CNRS-Observatoire de Paris, Meudon, France bLASP, University of Colorado at Boulder, USA cLPG,CNRS-Universit´eJoseph Fourier Grenoble, France dCO.RI.S.T.A., Naples, Italy eSpace Science Department, Southwest Research Institute, Texas, USA fInstitute of Geophysics, University of Texas at Austin, USA gDepartment of Civil and Environment Engineering, University of Trento, Italy Abstract Radar instruments are part of the core payload of the two Europa Jupiter System Mission (EJSM) spacecraft: NASA- led Jupiter Europa Orbiter (JEO) and ESA-led Jupiter Ganymede Orbiter (JGO). At this point of the project, several frequency bands are foreseen for radar studies between 5MHz and 50MHz. While the high frequencies (above ∼40 MHz) are clean bands since natural jovian radio emissions show a high frequency cutoff at about 40 MHz, lower frequencies are right in the middle of the intense decametric (DAM) radio emissions. We present a review of spectral intensity, variability and sources of these radio emissions. As the radio emission are strongly beamed, it is possible to model the visibility of the radio emissions, as seen from the vicinity of Europa or Ganymede. We have investigated Io-related radio emissions as well as radio emissions related to the auroral oval. We also review the radiation belts synchrotron emission characteristics. We present radio sources visibility products (dynamic spectra and radio source location maps, on still frames or movies), that can be used for operation planning. -
Galileo Regio
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Prepared for the GEOLOGIC INVESTIGATIONS SERIES I–2762 U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION ATLAS OF JOVIAN SATELLITES: GANYMEDE 180° 0° 55° NOTES ON BASE nm), and green (559 nm) for Galileo SSI. Individual images were projected to a Sinus- Seidelmann, P.K., Sinclair, A.T., Yallop, B., and Tjuflin, Y.S., 1996, Report of the –55° . This sheet is one in a series of maps of the Galilean satellites of Jupiter at a nominal oidal Equal-Area projection at an image resolution of 1.0 km/pixel. The global color IAU/IAG/COSPAR Working Group on Cartographic Coordinates and Rotational Geb scale of 1:15,000,000. This series is based on data from the Galileo Orbiter Solid-State map was processed in Sinusoidal projection with an image resolution of 6.0 km/pixel. Elements of the Planets and Satellites, 1994: Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Imaging (SSI) camera and the Voyager 1 and 2 spacecraft. The color utilized the SSI filters 1-micron (991 nm) wavelength for red, SSI 559 nm Astronomy, v. 63, p. 127–148. for green, and SSI 413 nm for violet. Where SSI color coverage was lacking in the Davies, M.E., Colvin, T.R., Oberst, J., Zeitler, W., Schuster, P., Neukum, G., McEwen, PROJECTION . 210° longitude range of 210°–250°, Voyager 2 wide-angle images were included to com- A.S., Phillips, C.B., Thomas, P.C., Veverka, J., Belton, M.J.S., and Schubert, G., ° 330° 150° Latpon Ur Sulcus 30 Mercator and Polar Stereographic projections used for this map of Ganymede are plete the global coverage . -
Illinois Masonic Academic Bowl 2020 State Tournament Round 2 1St
Illinois Masonic Academic Bowl Round 2 2020 State Tournament 1st Section Toss-up Questions Question #1: Miscellaneous 10 points Tinkers used to carry around lightweight versions of anvils these objects that could be wedged into the ground. These objects typically have hardie holes that are square and pritchel holes near the corner that are small and round. The flat face on top of these objects typically has rounded edges. Farriers use versions of these objects with most of the mass in the horn. These objects must be both heavy and fastened to a sturdy base to be used properly. Giuseppe Verdi’s opera Il trovatore [“eel trove”-ah-TOH-ray] has a chorus sung by gypsies that is named for these objects. Name this iron block on top of which metal is placed to be hammered. Question #2: Literature 10 points This writer’s poem about a game of euchre (Francis) Bret Harte [YOO-kur] that turns into a fight [pause] was used politically by people who opposed Chinese immigration into the United States. That poem, “Plain Language from Truthful James”, led to a collaboration between this writer and Mark Twain on the play Ah Sin. In a short story by this writer, Piney Woods and Tom Simson join up with four people. One of those four people is Uncle Billy, who takes all of the horses and mules in this writer’s story. Name this writer who wrote about an honorable gambler named John Oakhurst in his story about people kicked out of a town, “The Outcasts of Poker Flat”. -
Galilean Satellite Observation Plans for the Near I Infrared Mapping Spectrometer Experiment on ‘Iiie I Galileo Spaciccrafi’ W.D
5 4 GALILEAN SATELLITE OBSERVATION PLANS FOR THE NEAR I INFRARED MAPPING SPECTROMETER EXPERIMENT ON ‘IIIE I GALILEO SPACICCRAFI’ W.D. Smythe (l), R, Lxpes-Gautier (l), A. Oeampo (l), J. Hui (l), M. Segura (l), L.A. Soderblom (2), LJ.L. Matson (l), H.H. Kieffer (2), T.B. McCord (3, 4), F.P. Fanale (3), W.M. Calvin (2), J. Sunshine (4), E. Barbinis (5), R.W. Carlson (l), and P.R. Weissman (1) (1) Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109 (2) U.S. Geologieat Survey, Branch of Astrogeologic Studies, 2255 N. Gemini Drive, Flagstaff, AZ tMOOl (3) IJniversity of Hawaii, Planetary Geoseienee Division, 2525 Correa Road, Honolulu, HI 96822 (4) SETS Technology, Inc., 300 Kahelu Ave, suite 10, Mililani, HI 96789 (5) Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California at LAM Angeles, 405 Hilgard Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90024 1 ABSTRACT: I On December 7, 1995 the Galileo spacecraft will begin observations of the Jovian system with orbit I insertion and a satellite tour of 10 orbits. The Galilean satellites will be observed with four remote I sensing instruments spanning the ultraviolet, visible, near infrared and thermal infrared regions of the I spectrum. The Galileo Near-Infrared Mapping Spectrometer will observe the satellites in the wavelength range 0.7 to 5.2 microns - a regicm particularly well-suited for analyzing volatile components. Planned observations include mapping most available longitudes at about 100 km resolution per pixel at full wavelength resolution, together with observing limited regions at high spatial resolution. -
Galileo Regio
180˚ 0˚ 55˚ –55˚ . Geb Ur Sulcus 210˚ 330˚ 150˚ . Latpon 30˚ 60˚ –60˚ . Namtar . Agrotes Elam Sulci Philae Sulcus . Nigirsu 70˚ –70˚ 240˚ 3 00˚ 60˚ 120˚ . Humbaba . Lagamal 80˚ . Wepwawet –80˚ . Teshub 90˚ 270˚ 90˚ 270˚ . Hathor Anubis . Bubastis Sulci . Neheh Dukug Sulcus 80˚ –80˚ Anzu . Adapa Etana . Gilgamesh Kishar . Aya 120˚ 60˚ 300˚ 240˚ . Ptah –70˚ . 70˚ Isis Ninkasi . Anu . Zaqar Gula . Tanit . Sapas . Achelous Sebek 60˚ –60˚ 30˚ 150˚ 330˚ 210˚ . Adad 55˚ –55˚ 0˚ 180˚ North Pole South Pole 180˚ 170˚ 160˚ 150˚ 140˚ 130˚ 120˚ 110˚ 100˚ 90˚ 80˚ 70˚ 60˚ 50˚ 40˚ 30˚ 20˚ 10˚ 0˚ 350˚ 340˚ 330˚ 320˚ 310˚ 300˚ 290˚ 280˚ 270˚ 260˚ 250˚ 240˚ 230˚ 220˚ 210˚ 200˚ 190˚ 180˚ 57˚ 57˚ Geb . Enlil . Asshur Elam . Sin Sulci Zu Fossae Ur Sulcus 50˚ 50˚ Aquarius Sulcus . Nun Sulci Kadi . Hershef . Upuant Mashu Sulcus Lakhmu Fossae Galileo . Mont Ur Nefertum Nippur Sulcus . Shu Byblus Sulcus Sulcus Philus Sulcus 40˚ Enki Catena 40˚ Nergal . Akitu Sulcus Tettu Facula . Lumha . Harakhtes . Halieus Abydos . Perrine Regio Gir . Khnum . Amon Facula Regio Kulla Catena . Anhur . Marius Nippur Sulcus M . Sati Ammura Zakar . 30˚ Bigeh Mor a 30˚ . s Mehit Min . h u Akhmin Facula Neith . Haroeris Sicyon Sulcus Ta-urt S Facula Edfu Xibalba Sulcus Nineveh Sulcus u Anshar Sulcus l c Facula . u Ba'al s Epigeus . Bau Diment . Lugalmeslam Epigeus . Ilah Atra-hasis Hermopolis . Facula 20˚ Khepri 20˚ . Ea . Heliopolis . Geinos Nidaba Nanshe . Facula Memphis Catena Seima . Busiris Regio Chrysor.. Aleyin . Keret Agreus . Hay-tau Selket Facula Buto . Tammuz Ningishzida Ruti Facula .