DOCSLIB.ORG

The American Way of Irregular War: an Analytical Memoir It Took Action by Congress and the Support of the President to Drive the Reforms That We Needed

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The American Way of Irregular War: an Analytical Memoir It Took Action by Congress and the Support of the President to Drive the Reforms That We Needed C O R P O R A T I O N The AMERICAN WAY of IRREGULAR WAR An Analytical Memoir CHARLES T. CLEVELAND WITH DANIEL EGEL For more information on this publication, visit www.rand.org/t/PEA301-1 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available for this publication. ISBN: 978-1-9974-0544-9 Published by the RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, Calif. © Copyright 2020 RAND Corporation R® is a registered trademark. Cover design by Rick Penn-Kraus; image from ArtCore/AdobeStock Limited Print and Electronic Distribution Rights This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law. This representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for noncommercial use only. Unauthorized posting of this publication online is prohibited. Permission is given to duplicate this document for personal use only, as long as it is unaltered and complete. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of its research documents for commercial use. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please visit www.rand.org/pubs/permissions. The RAND Corporation is a research organization that develops solutions to public policy challenges to help make communities throughout the world safer and more secure, healthier and more prosperous. RAND is nonprofit, nonpartisan, and committed to the public interest. RAND’s publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions of its research clients and sponsors. Support RAND Make a tax-deductible charitable contribution at www.rand.org/giving/contribute www.rand.org Preface American irregular warfare is the United States’ unique, and in recent times troubled, approach to conflict in which armed civilian or para- military forces, and not regular armies, are the primary combatants. In most forms, it emphasizes the importance of local partnerships and gaining legitimacy and influence among targeted populations. It is thus a critical capability in contests where populations, rather than ter- ritory, are decisive. This analytical memoir draws on my nearly four decades of experience in the U.S. Army to explore the strengths and limitations of America’s current irregular warfare capability and pro- vide recommendations for what the United States must do to develop the world-class American way of irregular war it needs. I wrote this memoir because I remain deeply troubled by the fact that the United States has failed to achieve its strategic objectives in nearly every military campaign in which I was involved. Time and time again I saw tremendous success at the tactical level, whether it was the war on drugs in Bolivia, peace enforcement in Bosnia, coun- terinsurgencies in Afghanistan and Iraq, or partnered counterterrorism operations in Lebanon and Yemen. But in each case, American tacti- cal brilliance was followed by strategic muddling and eventual failure. The United States failed, in large part, because it has not developed the understanding, capabilities, and structures necessary to achieve strategic successes in population-centric contests, which are won and lost by controlling and influencing populations rather than occupying territory. In the wake of the coordination failure that led to the failed Oper- ation Eagle Claw and the intelligence failure that led to September 11, iii iv The American Way of Irregular War: An Analytical Memoir it took action by Congress and the support of the President to drive the reforms that we needed. I believe that Congress and the President will need to act again. To provide a proactive defense against the irregular warfare campaigns of our enemies and the necessary offensive poten- tial to destabilize our Great Power adversaries, we must turn to, and not away from, the American way of irregular war. This research was sponsored by the Smith Richardson Foundation and conducted within the International Security and Defense Policy Center of the RAND National Security Research Division (NSRD). NSRD conducts research and analysis for the Office of the Secretary of Defense, the U.S. Intelligence Community, U.S. State Department, allied foreign governments, and foundations. For more information on the RAND International Security and Defense Policy Center, see www.rand.org/nsrd/isdp or contact the director (contact information is provided on the webpage). To Mary Ann, for her encouragement, patience, understanding, and love. To my Dad, Walter, for the right start and support along the way. To Dobromir Neikov, Kenny McMullin, Roy Trumble, and Geoff Lambert, for their inspiration and leadership. To the men and women who fight America’s irregular wars, for their sacrifice and service. v Contents Preface ............................................................................. iii Figures ............................................................................. xi Summary .........................................................................xiii Acknowledgments ............................................................. xxv Abbreviations ..................................................................xxvii CHAPTER ONE Introduction ....................................................................... 1 An American Way of Irregular War ............................................. 3 Prevalence of Population-Centric Conflict ..................................... 7 America’s Irregular Warfare Misadventures ..................................... 9 Analytical Approach .............................................................13 Organization of the Analytical Memoir ........................................15 CHAPTER TWO Irregular Warfare and the Cold War in Europe ...........................19 Unconventional Warfare in Europe: 10th Special Forces in the Cold War ........................................................................... 20 Emergence of Strategic Reconnaissance: The Beginning of Special Forces’ Transition to a Supporting Role ................................. 23 Operation Eagle Claw: The American Pivot Toward Counterterrorism ... 26 CHAPTER THREE Bolivia and the Department of Defense’s Entry into the War on Drugs ..........................................................................29 Building Bolivia’s Counternarcotics Capability: Success at the Tactical Level ...........................................................................32 vii viii The American Way of Irregular War: An Analytical Memoir Unprepared for This New Form of Population-Centric Warfare: Difficulties Above the Tactical Level ......................................37 Strategic Failure in the U.S. Mission in Bolivia: Inadequacy of Existing Models and Structures for This Population-Centric Conflict ..........41 CHAPTER FOUR El Salvador and the Fight Against Communism in the Americas ......45 Building an El Salvadoran Counterinsurgency Capability: Provisional Success at the Tactical Level ............................................... 48 Professionalizing the Armed Forces of El Salvador: Success at the Operational Level ............................................................52 Strategic Success by Accident: Inadequacy of Existing Models and Structures for This Population-Centric Conflict ....................... 54 CHAPTER FIVE Panama and the Transition from Traditional to Irregular ..............59 Planning for Regular and Irregular War: My First Special Operations Campaign Plan ...............................................................62 Speed, Surprise, Overwhelming Firepower . and Good Preparation: Success in the “Traditional” Warfare Component of Just Cause ...... 66 Postinvasion Unconventional Warfare: The Peaceful Surrender of Panamanian Security Forces ................................................69 Securing the Peace: Transition into an Irregular Warfare Mission..........73 Winning the Peace: More Luck Than Planning in the U.S. Strategic Success .........................................................................76 CHAPTER SIX The Decade of Delusion and My Pentagon Wars ..........................81 Operation Desert Storm: Validation of America’s New Conventional and Raiding Capabilities .................................................. 84 My Pentagon Wars: Fighting for America’s Irregular Warfare Capability .................................................................... 86 Developing Unconventional Warfare Campaigns: Creating Special Operations Policy Options ..................................................91 CHAPTER SEVEN Peacekeeping in Bosnia and the Reemergence of Irregular Warfare...95 Rebirth of Unconventional Warfare: The Joint Commission Observer Mission ....................................................................... 98 Contents ix Communicating the Value of Irregular Warfare: Growing Pains in Achieving Unity of Effort ................................................. 104 Organizing for Irregular Warfare: Growing Pains in Establishing the New Combined Joint Special Operations Task Force ................. 108 CHAPTER EIGHT Unconventional Warfare in the War on Terror .......................... 113 Building a Tactical Unconventional Warfare Capability for the 21st Century: 10th Special Forces Jedburgh Teams ......................... 115 Task Force Viking and Unconventional Warfare in Northern Iraq ....... 118 Inadequate Irregular Warfare Capabilities Above the Tactical Level: Difficulties in Achieving Enduring Successes .......................... 128 CHAPTER NINE Special Operations Campaigning in Latin America .................... 131 Success Through Partnering: Operation Jaque ............................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • ABSTRACT Title of Document: INTERNATIONAL ORIGINS OF
    ABSTRACT Title of Document: INTERNATIONAL ORIGINS OF NIXON’S WAR ON DRUGS John Taylor Kadz, Master of Arts, 2013 Directed By: Associate Professor David B. Sicilia, University of Maryland Department of History This thesis examines how President Richard Nixon's keen interest in foreign policy affected the development of America's modern drug wars. In addition to the Nixon administration years, it also discusses how foreign influences associated with late 19th and early 20th century immigration contributed to phases of American hysteria, which led to the nation's earliest anti-drug legislation. INTERNATIONAL ORIGINS OF NIXON’S WAR ON DRUGS By John Taylor Kadz Thesis submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Maryland, College Park, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts 2013 Advisory Committee: Associate Professor David B. Sicilia, Chair Professor Julie Greene Associate Professor Saverio Giovacchini © Copyright by John Taylor Kadz 2013 Preface This thesis is the culmination of a quest to answer questions about the origins of America’s war on drugs. In 2012 I deployed with the United States Navy aboard U.S.S. Elrod (FFG-55) in support of Operation Martillo, a component of the White House strategy to combat transnational organized crime and illicit trafficking. Our Light Airborne Multi-Purpose System (LAMPS) MK III helicopter detachment embarked with the Navy’s first Night Airborne Use of Force (N-AUF) qualified crews. This groundbreaking capability required costly aircrew equipment upgrades, aircraft modifications, and months of coordinated training with precision marksmen from the U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • No.46 Summer 2010
    THE E UROP E AN A NGLICAN A FT E R TH E D E LUG E M OPPING UP IN M AD E IRA T E STING VOCATIONS C ONSID E RING G OD ’ S CALL TO S E RVIC E N E W HO me IN E INDHOV E N A CONGR E GATION ON TH E M OV E T H E LIGHT OF C HRIST I N TH E LAND OF M IDNIGHT SUN F RO M C HRIS M TO CROSS H OLY W ee K mem ORI E S FREE N o . 4 6 SUMM er 2 0 1 0 2 T H E S A M E – B U T D I F F E R E N T THE E UROP E AN A NGLICA N F LIGHTS GROUND E D The Bishop of Gibraltar in Europe The Rt Revd Geoffrey Rowell Bishop’s Lodge, Church Road, Worth, Crawley RH10 7RT Tel: +44 (0) 1293 883051 Fax: +44 (0) 1293 884479 Email: [email protected] The Suffragan Bishop in Europe The Rt Revd David Hamid Postal address: Diocesan Office Tel: +44 (0) 207 898 1160 Email: [email protected] The Diocesan Office Picture by Stephen Nicholls 14 Tufton Street, London, SW1P 3QZ Tel: +44 (0) 207 898 1155 Fax: +44 (0) 207 898 1166 BUT FAITH K ee PS ON TH E M OV E Email: diocesan.office@europe. c-of-e.org.uk In the Northamptonshire town where wrong place at the wrong time and hasty I grew up they had a strange saying changes were needed to be able to offer Diocesan Secretary normal services in some congregations.
    [Show full text]
  • Understanding Fragmentation in Conflict and Its Impact on Prospects for Peace
    oslo FORUM papers N°006 - December 2016 Understanding fragmentation in conflict and its impact on prospects for peace Kathleen Gallagher Cunningham www.hd centre.org – www.osloforum.org Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue 114, Rue de Lausanne 1202 Geneva | Switzerland t : +41 22 908 11 30 f : +41 22 908 11 40 [email protected] www.hdcentre.org Oslo Forum www.osloforum.org The Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue (HD) is a private diplo- macy organisation founded on the principles of humanity, impartiality and independence. Its mission is to help pre- vent, mitigate, and resolve armed conflict through dialogue and mediation. © 2016 – Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue Reproduction of all or part of this publication may be author- ised only with written consent and acknowledgment of the source. Kathleen Gallagher Cunningham Associate Professor at the Department of Government and Politics, University of Maryland [email protected] http://www.kathleengallaghercunningham.com Table of contents INTRODUCTION 2 1. WHAT IS FRAGMENTATION? 3 Fragmented actors 3 Multiple actors 3 Identifying fragmentation 4 New trends 4 The causes of fragmentation 5 2. THE CONSEQUENCES OF FRAGMENTATION FOR CONFLICT 7 Violence 7 Accommodation and war termination 7 Side switching 8 3. HOW PEACE PROCESSES AFFECT FRAGMENTATION 9 Coalescing 9 Intentional fragmentation 9 Unintentional fragmentation 9 Mediation 10 4. RESPONSES OF MEDIATORS AND OTHER THIRD-PARTY ACTORS TO FRAGMENTATION 11 Negotiations including all armed groups 11 Sequential negotiations 11 Inclusion of unarmed actors and national dialogue 12 Efforts to coalesce the opposition 13 5. AFTER SETTLEMENT 14 CONCLUSION 15 ENDNOTES 16 2 The Oslo Forum Papers | Understanding fragmentation in conflict Introduction Complicated conflicts with many disparate actors have cators of fragmentation, new trends, and a summation of why become increasingly common in the international system.
    [Show full text]
  • Famine and Foreigners: Ethiopia Since Live Aid This Page Intentionally Left Blank Famine and Foreigners: Ethiopia Since Live Aid
    ‘Th ank God for great journalism. Th is book is a much needed, ex- haustively researched and eff ortlessly well written recent history of Ethiopia. A book that strips away the cant and rumour, the pros and antis and thoroughly explains the people, politics and economics of that most beautiful nation. A superb and vital piece of work by some- one who clearly loves the country of which he writes.’ Bob Geldof ‘Th e great Ethiopian famine changed everything and nothing. It fun- damentally altered the rich world’s sense of its responsibility to the hungry and the poor, but didn’t solve anything. A quarter of a century on, we’re still arguing about the roots of the problem, let alone the so- lution, and—though there has been progress—Ethiopia’s food inse- curity gets worse, not better. Peter Gill was one of the most thorough and eff ective television journalists of his generation. He was there in 1984 and his work at the time added up to the most sensible, balanced and comprehensive explanation of what had happened. Twenty-fi ve years later, he’s gone back to test decades of aspiration against the re- alities on the ground. It’s a book that bridges journalism and history, judicious analysis with a strong, and often gripping, narrative. Always readable, but never glib, this is a must for all those who think there is a simple answer to the famine, still waiting in the wings. ’ Michael Buerk ‘No outsider understands Ethiopia better than Peter Gill. He com- bines compassion with a clinical commitment to the truth.
    [Show full text]
  • Korea and Vietnam: Limited War and the American Political System
    Korea and Vietnam: Limited War and the American Political System By Larry Elowitz A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE COUNCIL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 1972 To Sharon ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The author would like to express his very deep appreciation to Dr. John W. Spanier for his valuable advice on style and structure. His helpful suggestions were evident throughout the entire process of writing this dissertation. Without his able supervision, the ultimate completion of this work would have been ex- ceedingly difficult. The author would also like to thank his wife, Sharon, whose patience and understanding during the writing were of great comfort. Her "hovering presence," for the "second" time, proved to be a valuable spur to the author's research and writing. She too, has made the completion of this work possible. The constructive criticism and encouragement the author has received have undoubtedly improved the final product. Any shortcomings are, of course, the fault of the author. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iii LIST OF TABLES viii ABSTRACT xii CHAPTER 1 THE AMERICAN POLITICAL SYSTEM AND LIMITED WAR 1 Introduction 1 American Attitudes 6 Analytical Framework 10 Variables and Their Implications 15 2 PROLOGUE--A COMPARISON OF THE STAKES IN THE KOREAN AND VIETNAM WARS 22 The External Stakes 22 The Two Wars: The Specific Stakes. 25 The Domino Theory 29 The Internal Stakes 32 The Loss of China Syndrome: The Domestic Legacy for the Korean and Vietnam Wars 32 The Internal Stakes and the Eruption of the Korean War 37 Vietnam Shall Not be Lost: The China Legacy Lingers 40 The Kennedy and Johnson Administra- tions: The Internal Stakes Persist .
    [Show full text]
  • Blue Light: America's First Counter-Terrorism Unit Jack Murphy
    Blue Light: America's First Counter-Terrorism Unit Jack Murphy On a dark night in 1977, a dozen Green Berets exited a C-130 aircraft, parachuting into a very different type of war. Aircraft hijackings had become almost commonplace to the point that Johnny Carson would tell jokes about the phenomena on television. But it was no laughing matter for the Department of Defense, who realized after the Israeli raid on Entebbe, that America was woefully unprepared to counter terrorist attacks. This mission would be different. The Special Forces soldiers guided their MC1-1B parachutes towards the ground but their element became separated in the air, some of the Green Berets landing in the trees. The others set down alongside an airfield, landing inside a thick cloud of fog. Their target lay somewhere through the haze, a military C-130 aircraft that had been captured by terrorists. Onboard there were no hostages, but a black box, a classified encryption device that could not be allowed to fall into enemy hands. Airfield seizures were really a Ranger mission, but someone had elected to parachute in an entire Special Forces battalion for the operation. The HALO team was an advanced element, inserted ahead of time to secure the aircraft prior to the main assault force arriving. Despite missing a number of team members at the rally point, the Green Berets knew they were quickly approaching their hit time. They had to take down the aircraft and soon. Armed with suppressed Sten guns, they quietly advanced through the fog. Using the bad weather to their advantage, they were able to slip right between the sentries posted to guard the aircraft.
    [Show full text]
  • Sophia Kulich, CTC
    Sophia Kulich, CTC WWW.SophiasTravel.com WWW.JewishTravelAgency.com Sophia Kulich, CTC Born in Ukraine former Soviet Union Emigrated in 1982, lived in Europe before coming to USA Worked for GE Corporate and traveled internationally Opened my own boutique travel agency in 1993 Specialization in creative itineraries worldwide FIT’s and private tours for individuals and small groups (families, friends, synagogues, multigenerational) Theme based Itineraries Literary tours examples Geraldine Brooks (people of the book) Woman in Gold All the light we cannot see Harry Potter ART examples Following the steps of Chagall Unique Accommodations Castles Cave hotels Villas Spas For Jewish clients: We know hotels near synagogues convenient for shabbat We know hotels which are convenient to get kosher food (near or with kosher restaurants or the ones who can allow to warm up frozen kosher food For clients observing shabbat, in some cases we arranged for staff to open door (if there are electronic keys). Personally Vetted We build custom itineraries from scratch We use local trusted contacts Most of the contacts we test and explore We offer distinctly personal experiences For this Sophia was named one of the top 25 agents by Travel Agent Magazine Gold TRAVVY award winner 2016 Heritage enlightened experiences Jewish Travel Agency brand Jewish Travel is special interest and passion We Stitch together experiences along lost family history Specialized holocaust research Enlightened cultural and physical landscapes Jewish itineraries
    [Show full text]
  • Dominant Land Forces for 21St Century Warfare
    No. 73 SEPTEMBER 2009 Dominant Land Forces for 21st Century Warfare Edmund J. Degen A National Security Affairs aperP published on occasion by THE INSTITUTE OF LAND WARFARE ASSOCIATION OF THE UNITED STATES ARMY Arlington, Virginia Dominant Land Forces for 21st Century Warfare by Edmund J. Degen The Institute of Land Warfare ASSOCIATION OF THE UNITED STATES ARMY AN INSTITUTE OF LAND WARFARE PAPER The purpose of the Institute of Land Warfare is to extend the educational work of AUSA by sponsoring scholarly publications, to include books, monographs and essays on key defense issues, as well as workshops and symposia. A work selected for publication as a Land Warfare Paper represents research by the author which, in the opinion of ILW’s editorial board, will contribute to a better understanding of a particular defense or national security issue. Publication as an Institute of Land Warfare Paper does not indicate that the Association of the United States Army agrees with everything in the paper, but does suggest that the Association believes the paper will stimulate the thinking of AUSA members and others concerned about important defense issues. LAND WARFARE PAPER NO. 73, September 2009 Dominant Land Forces for 21st Century Warfare by Edmund J. Degen Colonel Edmund J. Degen recently completed the senior service college at the Joint Forces Staff College and moved to the Republic of Korea, where he served as the U.S. Forces Korea (USFK) J35, Chief of Future Operations. He is presently the Commander of the 3d Battlefield Coordination Detachment–Korea. He previously served as Special Assistant to General William S.
    [Show full text]
  • Glossary of Terms
    GLOSSARY OF TERMS AC-130 SPECTRE: A ground support aircraft used by the U.S. military, based on the C-130 cargo plane. AC-130s are armed with a 105mm howitzer, 40mm cannons, and 7.62mm miniguns, and are considered the premier close air support weapon of the U.S. arsenal. Accuracy International: A British company producing high-quality preci- sion rifes, often used for military sniper applications. ACOG: Advanced Combat Optical Gunsight. A magnifed optical sight designed for use on rifes and carbines made by Trijicon. Te ACOG is popular among U.S. forces as it provides both magnifcation and an illuminated reticle that provides aiming points for various target ranges. AQ: Al-Qaeda. Meaning “the Base” in Arabic. A radical Islamic terrorist organization once led by Osama bin Laden. AQI: Al-Qaeda in Iraq. An Al-Qaeda-afliated Sunni insurgent group that was active against U.S. forces. Elements of AQI eventually evolved into ISIS. AT-4: Tube-launched 84mm anti-armor rocket produced in Sweden and used by U.S. forces since the 1980s. Te AT-4 is a throwaway weapon: after it is fred, the tube is discarded. ATF/BATFE: Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives. A federal law enforcement agency, formally part of the Department of 393 1p_Carr_TerminalList_ds.indd 393 8/22/17 1:07 PM 394 GLOSSARY OF TERMS the Treasury, that doesn’t seem overly concerned with alcohol or to- bacco. ATPIAL: Advanced Target Pointer/Illuminator Aiming Laser. A weapon- mounted device that emits both visible and infrared target designa- tors for use with or without night observation devices.
    [Show full text]
  • Afghanistan: the Situation of Christian Converts
    +*-/ !"#)$./) # .$/0/$*)*!#-$./$)*)1 -/. 7 April 2021 © Landinfo 2021 The material in this report is covered by copyright law. Any reproduction or publication of this report or any extract thereof other than as permitted by current Norwegian copyright law requires the explicit written consent of Landinfo. For information on all of the reports published by Landinfo, please contact: Landinfo Country of Origin Information Centre Storgata 33 A P.O. Box 2098 Vika NO-0125 Oslo Tel.: (+47) 23 30 94 70 Ema il: [email protected] www.landinfo.no *0/ )$)!*ҁ. - +*-/. The Norwegian Country of Origin Information Centre, Landinfo, is an independent body within the Norwegian Immigration Authorities. Landinfo provides country of origin information (COI) to the Norwegian Directorate of Immigration (Utlendingsdirektoratet – UDI), the Immigration Appeals Board (Utlendingsnemnda – UNE) and the Norwegian Ministry of Justice and Public Security. Reports produced by Landinfo are based on information from carefully selected sources. The informa tion is collected a nd analysed in accordance with common methodology for processing COI and Landinfo’s internal guidelines on source and information analysis. To ensure balanced reports, efforts are made to obtain information from a wide range of sources. Many of our reports draw on findings and interviews conducted on fact-finding missions. All sources used are referenced. Sources hesitant to provide information to be cited in a public report have retained anonymity. The reports do not provide exhaustive overviews of topics or themes but cover aspects relevant for the processing of asylum and residency cases. Country of Origin Information presented in Landinfo’s reports does not contain policy recommendations nor does it reflect official Norwegian views.
    [Show full text]
  • “TELLING the STORY” Sources of Tension in Afghanistan & Pakistan: a Regional Perspective (2011-2016)
    “TELLING THE STORY” Sources of Tension in Afghanistan & Pakistan: A Regional Perspective (2011-2016) Emma Hooper (ed.) This monograph has been produced with the financial assistance of the Norway Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Its contents are the sole responsibility of the authors and do not reflect the position of the Ministry. © 2016 CIDOB This monograph has been produced with the financial assistance of the Norway Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Its contents are the sole responsibility of the authors and do not reflect the position of the Ministry. CIDOB edicions Elisabets, 12 08001 Barcelona Tel.: 933 026 495 www.cidob.org [email protected] D.L.: B 17561 - 2016 Barcelona, September 2016 CONTENTS CONTRIBUTOR BIOGRAPHIES 5 FOREWORD 11 Tine Mørch Smith INTRODUCTION 13 Emma Hooper CHAPTER ONE: MAPPING THE SOURCES OF TENSION WITH REGIONAL DIMENSIONS 17 Sources of Tension in Afghanistan & Pakistan: A Regional Perspective .......... 19 Zahid Hussain Mapping the Sources of Tension and the Interests of Regional Powers in Afghanistan and Pakistan ............................................................................................. 35 Emma Hooper & Juan Garrigues CHAPTER TWO: KEY PHENOMENA: THE TALIBAN, REFUGEES , & THE BRAIN DRAIN, GOVERNANCE 57 THE TALIBAN Preamble: Third Party Roles and Insurgencies in South Asia ............................... 61 Moeed Yusuf The Pakistan Taliban Movement: An Appraisal ......................................................... 65 Michael Semple The Taliban Movement in Afghanistan .......................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Applying Traditional Military Principles to Cyber Warfare
    2012 4th International Conference on Cyber Confl ict Permission to make digital or hard copies of this publication for internal use within NATO and for personal or educational use when for non-profi t or non-commercial C. Czosseck, R. Ottis, K. Ziolkowski (Eds.) purposes is granted providing that copies bear this notice and a full citation on the 2012 © NATO CCD COE Publications, Tallinn first page. Any other reproduction or transmission requires prior written permission by NATO CCD COE. Applying Traditional Military Principles to Cyber Warfare Samuel Liles Marcus Rogers Cyber Integration and Information Computer and Information Operations Department Technology Department National Defense University iCollege Purdue University Washington, DC West Lafayette, IN [email protected] [email protected] J. Eric Dietz Dean Larson Purdue Homeland Security Institute Larson Performance Engineering Purdue University Munster, IN West Lafayette, IN [email protected] [email protected] Abstract: Utilizing a variety of resources, the conventions of land warfare will be analyzed for their cyber impact by using the principles designated by the United States Army. The analysis will discuss in detail the factors impacting security of the network enterprise for command and control, the information conduits found in the technological enterprise, and the effects upon the adversary and combatant commander. Keywords: cyber warfare, military principles, combatant controls, mechanisms, strategy 1. INTRODUCTION Adams informs us that rapid changes due to technology have increasingly effected the affairs of the military. This effect whether economic, political, or otherwise has sometimes been extreme. Technology has also made substantial impacts on the prosecution of war. Adams also informs us that information technology is one of the primary change agents in the military of today and likely of the future [1].
    [Show full text]