Remote Warfare Interdisciplinary Perspectives
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Cultural Orientation | Kurmanji
KURMANJI A Kurdish village, Palangan, Kurdistan Flickr / Ninara DLIFLC DEFENSE LANGUAGE INSTITUTE FOREIGN LANGUAGE CENTER 2018 CULTURAL ORIENTATION | KURMANJI TABLE OF CONTENTS Profile Introduction ................................................................................................................... 5 Government .................................................................................................................. 6 Iraqi Kurdistan ......................................................................................................7 Iran .........................................................................................................................8 Syria .......................................................................................................................8 Turkey ....................................................................................................................9 Geography ................................................................................................................... 9 Bodies of Water ...........................................................................................................10 Lake Van .............................................................................................................10 Climate ..........................................................................................................................11 History ...........................................................................................................................11 -
Afghanistan: the Situation of Christian Converts
+*-/ !"#)$./) # .$/0/$*)*!#-$./$)*)1 -/. 7 April 2021 © Landinfo 2021 The material in this report is covered by copyright law. Any reproduction or publication of this report or any extract thereof other than as permitted by current Norwegian copyright law requires the explicit written consent of Landinfo. For information on all of the reports published by Landinfo, please contact: Landinfo Country of Origin Information Centre Storgata 33 A P.O. Box 2098 Vika NO-0125 Oslo Tel.: (+47) 23 30 94 70 Ema il: [email protected] www.landinfo.no *0/ )$)!*ҁ. - +*-/. The Norwegian Country of Origin Information Centre, Landinfo, is an independent body within the Norwegian Immigration Authorities. Landinfo provides country of origin information (COI) to the Norwegian Directorate of Immigration (Utlendingsdirektoratet – UDI), the Immigration Appeals Board (Utlendingsnemnda – UNE) and the Norwegian Ministry of Justice and Public Security. Reports produced by Landinfo are based on information from carefully selected sources. The informa tion is collected a nd analysed in accordance with common methodology for processing COI and Landinfo’s internal guidelines on source and information analysis. To ensure balanced reports, efforts are made to obtain information from a wide range of sources. Many of our reports draw on findings and interviews conducted on fact-finding missions. All sources used are referenced. Sources hesitant to provide information to be cited in a public report have retained anonymity. The reports do not provide exhaustive overviews of topics or themes but cover aspects relevant for the processing of asylum and residency cases. Country of Origin Information presented in Landinfo’s reports does not contain policy recommendations nor does it reflect official Norwegian views. -
“TELLING the STORY” Sources of Tension in Afghanistan & Pakistan: a Regional Perspective (2011-2016)
“TELLING THE STORY” Sources of Tension in Afghanistan & Pakistan: A Regional Perspective (2011-2016) Emma Hooper (ed.) This monograph has been produced with the financial assistance of the Norway Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Its contents are the sole responsibility of the authors and do not reflect the position of the Ministry. © 2016 CIDOB This monograph has been produced with the financial assistance of the Norway Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Its contents are the sole responsibility of the authors and do not reflect the position of the Ministry. CIDOB edicions Elisabets, 12 08001 Barcelona Tel.: 933 026 495 www.cidob.org [email protected] D.L.: B 17561 - 2016 Barcelona, September 2016 CONTENTS CONTRIBUTOR BIOGRAPHIES 5 FOREWORD 11 Tine Mørch Smith INTRODUCTION 13 Emma Hooper CHAPTER ONE: MAPPING THE SOURCES OF TENSION WITH REGIONAL DIMENSIONS 17 Sources of Tension in Afghanistan & Pakistan: A Regional Perspective .......... 19 Zahid Hussain Mapping the Sources of Tension and the Interests of Regional Powers in Afghanistan and Pakistan ............................................................................................. 35 Emma Hooper & Juan Garrigues CHAPTER TWO: KEY PHENOMENA: THE TALIBAN, REFUGEES , & THE BRAIN DRAIN, GOVERNANCE 57 THE TALIBAN Preamble: Third Party Roles and Insurgencies in South Asia ............................... 61 Moeed Yusuf The Pakistan Taliban Movement: An Appraisal ......................................................... 65 Michael Semple The Taliban Movement in Afghanistan ....................................................................... -
U.S. Military Engagement in the Broader Middle East
U.S. MILITARY ENGAGEMENT IN THE BROADER MIDDLE EAST JAMES F. JEFFREY MICHAEL EISENSTADT U.S. MILITARY ENGAGEMENT IN THE BROADER MIDDLE EAST JAMES F. JEFFREY MICHAEL EISENSTADT THE WASHINGTON INSTITUTE FOR NEAR EAST POLICY WWW.WASHINGTONINSTITUTE.ORG The opinions expressed in this Policy Focus are those of the author and not necessarily those of The Washington Institute, its Board of Trustees, or its Board of Advisors. Policy Focus 143, April 2016 All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. No part of this publica- tion may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing fromthe publisher. ©2016 by The Washington Institute for Near East Policy The Washington Institute for Near East Policy 1111 19th Street NW, Suite 500 Washington, DC 20036 Design: 1000colors Photo: An F-16 from the Egyptian Air Force prepares to make contact with a KC-135 from the 336th ARS during in-flight refueling training. (USAF photo by Staff Sgt. Amy Abbott) Contents Acknowledgments V I. HISTORICAL OVERVIEW OF U.S. MILITARY OPERATIONS 1 James F. Jeffrey 1. Introduction to Part I 3 2. Basic Principles 5 3. U.S. Strategy in the Middle East 8 4. U.S. Military Engagement 19 5. Conclusion 37 Notes, Part I 39 II. RETHINKING U.S. MILITARY STRATEGY 47 Michael Eisenstadt 6. Introduction to Part II 49 7. American Sisyphus: Impact of the Middle Eastern Operational Environment 52 8. Disjointed Strategy: Aligning Ways, Means, and Ends 58 9. -
Into the Tunnels
REPORT ARAB POLITICS BEYOND THE UPRISINGS Into the Tunnels The Rise and Fall of Syria’s Rebel Enclave in the Eastern Ghouta DECEMBER 21, 2016 — ARON LUND PAGE 1 In the sixth year of its civil war, Syria is a shattered nation, broken into political, religious, and ethnic fragments. Most of the population remains under the control of President Bashar al-Assad, whose Russian- and Iranian-backed Baʻath Party government controls the major cities and the lion’s share of the country’s densely populated coastal and central-western areas. Since the Russian military intervention that began in September 2015, Assad’s Syrian Arab Army and its Shia Islamist allies have seized ground from Sunni Arab rebel factions, many of which receive support from Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Turkey, or the United States. The government now appears to be consolidating its hold on key areas. Media attention has focused on the siege of rebel-held Eastern Aleppo, which began in summer 2016, and its reconquest by government forces in December 2016.1 The rebel enclave began to crumble in November 2016. Losing its stronghold in Aleppo would be a major strategic and symbolic defeat for the insurgency, and some supporters of the uprising may conclude that they have been defeated, though violence is unlikely to subside. However, the Syrian government has also made major strides in another besieged enclave, closer to the capital. This area, known as the Eastern Ghouta, is larger than Eastern Aleppo both in terms of area and population—it may have around 450,000 inhabitants2—but it has gained very little media interest. -
Produced by the Human Security Centre Lead Author
1 Human Security Centre – Written evidence (AFG0019) Produced by the Human Security Centre Lead Author: Simon Schofield, Senior Fellow, In consultation with Rohullah Yakobi, Associate Fellow 2 1 Table of Contents 2. Executive Summary .............................................................................5 3. What is the Human Security Centre?.....................................................10 4. Geopolitics and National Interests and Agendas......................................11 Islamic Republic of Pakistan ...................................................................11 Historical Context...............................................................................11 Pakistan’s Strategy.............................................................................12 Support for the Taliban .......................................................................13 Afghanistan as a terrorist training camp ................................................16 Role of military aid .............................................................................17 Economic interests .............................................................................19 Conclusion – Pakistan .........................................................................19 Islamic Republic of Iran .........................................................................20 Historical context ...............................................................................20 Iranian Strategy ................................................................................23 -
LET4CAP Law Enforcement Training for Capacity Building NIGER
Co-funded by the Internal Security Fund of the European Union LAW ENFORCEMENT TRAINING FOR CAPACITY BUILDING LET4CAP Law Enforcement Training for Capacity Building NIGER Downloadable Country Booklet DL. 2.5 (Ve 1.2) Dissemination level: PU Let4Cap Grant Contract no.: HOME/ 2015/ISFP/AG/LETX/8753 Start date: 01/11/2016 Duration: 33 months Dissemination Level PU: Public X PP: Restricted to other programme participants (including the Commission) RE: Restricted to a group specified by the consortium (including the Commission) Revision history Rev. Date Author Notes 1.0 20/03/2018 SSSA Overall structure and first draft 1.1 06/05/2018 SSSA Second version after internal feedback among SSSA staff 1.2 09/05/2018 SSSA Final version version before feedback from partners LET4CAP_WorkpackageNumber 2 Deliverable_2.5 VER1.2 WorkpackageNumber 2 Deliverable Deliverable 2.5 Downloadable country booklets VER V. 1 . 2 2 NIGER Country Information Package 3 This Country Information Package has been prepared by Eric REPETTO and Claudia KNERING, under the scientific supervision of Professor Andrea de GUTTRY and Dr. Annalisa CRETA. Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa, Italy www.santannapisa.it LET4CAP, co-funded by the Internal Security Fund of the European Union, aims to contribute to more consistent and efficient assistance in law enforcement capacity building to third countries. The Project consists in the design and provision of training interventions drawn on the experience of the partners and fine-tuned after a piloting and consolidation phase. © 2018 by LET4CAP All rights reserved. 4 Table of contents 1. Country Profile 1.1Country in Brief 1.2Modern and Contemporary History of Niger 1.3 Geography 1.4Territorial and Administrative Units 1.5 Population 1.6Ethnic Groups, Languages, Religion 1.7Health 1.8Education and Literacy 1.9Country Economy 2. -
254 the Social Roots of Jihadist Violence in Burkina Fasos North
The Social Roots of Jihadist Violence in Burkina Faso’s North Africa Report N°254 | 12 October 2017 Translation from French Headquarters International Crisis Group Avenue Louise 149 • 1050 Brussels, Belgium Tel: +32 2 502 90 38 • Fax: +32 2 502 50 38 [email protected] Preventing War. Shaping Peace. Table of Contents Executive Summary ................................................................................................................... i Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 1 The Social Roots of the Crisis ........................................................................................... 3 A. Malam Ibrahim Dicko, from the Radio to Jihad ....................................................... 3 B. The Challenge to an Ossified and Unequal Social Order .......................................... 4 C. A Distant Relationship with the Government ........................................................... 7 D. An Especially Vulnerable Province on the Border with Mali .................................... 9 A Considerable Military Effort ......................................................................................... 11 A. The Sahel Region under Threat ................................................................................. 11 B. A Security Apparatus under Reconstruction ............................................................. 13 C. Regional and International Cooperation .................................................................. -
A New Framework for US Policy in the Sahel
Marcellus POLICY ANALYSIS Spring 2021 - Marcellus Policy Analysis No. 1 A New Framework for U.S. Policy in the Sahel by John Ramming Chappell EXECUTIVE SUMMARY merican foreign policy in the Sahel has not worked. Counterterrorism has pre- dominated in the U.S. approach to the region since 2001, resulting in a policy focused on security assistance and military cooperation. However, the influ- ence of Salafi-jihadist groups in the region has markedly increased, civilian Afatalities have skyrocketed, and a militarized approach has undermined security sector governance. U.S. strategy has not adequately addressed the root causes of conflict—po- litical marginalization, poverty, and environmental pressures—that have contributed to a vicious cycle of conflict and fragility. The challenges facing the Sahel call for a new ap- proach. To effect lasting change in the Sahel, the United States needs to replace the overmilita- rized status quo with an affirmative strategy of diplomatic engagement.The United States should reduce military engagement in the Sahel, which is disproportionate to relatively limited interests. However, withdrawal alone would be insufficient to shift regional -dy namics because other stakeholders would continue counterterrorism campaigns based on the American model. Therefore, the Biden administration should implement the Global Fragility Strategy in the Sahel and phase out the Trans-Sahara Counterterrorism Partnership to right the bal- ance between diplomatic and military tools. The United States should work with regional stakeholders to coordinate a broader shift in its Sahel policy. 1 The Status Quo Approach to the Initiatives Such as the TSCTP and Sahel Has Failed AFRICOM Have Failed to Curb Militancy The Sahel is a semi-arid strip of grassland stretching The U.S. -
Sahel Blog Translation Projects, Number 1 October 2020 An
Sahel Blog Translation Projects, Number 1 October 2020 An Annotated Translation of the Islamic State’s “Liptako: Graveyard of Crusaders and Apostates” Alex Thurston Translator’s Introduction The Islamic State in the Greater Sahara (ISGS) is a key armed actor in the tri-border zone between Mali, Niger, and Burkina Faso.1 ISGS is the central counterterrorism target for those governments and especially for France, and the tri-border zone has become the key priority for France’s Sahel-focused counterterrorism mission, Operation Barkhane. That zone is also the priority for the French-backed G5 Sahel Joint Force, which draws soldiers from Mauritania and Chad in addition to the three countries that make up the tri-border zone.2 The Joint Force was created in 2017.3 ISGS emerged out of a May 2015 rupture within al-Murabitun, itself a breakaway faction of al-Qaida in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM).4 ISGS’ leader, Adnan Abu Walid al-Sahrawi, pledged allegiance to the Islamic State. Over time, his unit has gained more recognition from the Islamic State central leadership, which labels ISGS a part of the “Islamic State West Africa Province (ISWAP).” At the international level, ISGS is most famous for its October 2017 ambush on a joint American-Nigerien patrol outside the Nigerien village of Tongo- Tongo.5 1 For background on the violence in the tri-border zone, see William Assanvo, Baba Dakono, Lori-Anne Théroux- Bénoni and Ibrahim Maïga, “Violent extremism, Organised Crime and Local Conflicts in Liptako-Gourma,” Institute for Security Studies, December 2019, https://issafrica.s3.amazonaws.com/site/uploads/war-26-eng.pdf. -
Page 1 GE.17-15963(E) Human Rights Council Thirty-Sixth Session
United Nations A/HRC/36/33 General Assembly Distr.: General 13 September 2017 Original: English Human Rights Council Thirty-sixth session 11-29 September 2017 Agenda items 2 and 10 Annual report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights and reports of the Office of the High Commissioner and the Secretary-General Technical assistance and capacity-building Situation of human rights in Yemen, including violations and abuses since September 2014 Report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights*, ** Summary In the present report, submitted pursuant to Human Rights Council resolution 33/16, the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights provides an overview of the human rights situation in Yemen from 1 September 2014 to 30 June 2017 and describes new allegations of violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law that reportedly occurred between 1 July 2016 and 30 June 2017, emphasizing the ongoing nature of many of those violations. The High Commissioner also provides an update on cooperation between the Yemen National Commission to Investigate Alleged Violations to Human Rights and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights. He calls upon all stakeholders to implement the recommendations already made in previous reports. * The report was submitted after the deadline in order to reflect the most recent developments. ** The annexes to the present report are circulated as received. GE.17-15963(E) A/HRC/36/33 Contents Page I. Introduction .................................................................................................................................. -
Study „BRICKS OR BOMBS? WHICH ARMS COMPANIES
IMPRINT Study: BRICKS OR BOMBS? WHICH ARMS COMPANIES LEGO® WORKS WITH - WHAT WAR TOYS LEGO® PRODUCES - HOW LEGO® BETRAYS ITS OWN PRINCIPLES Website with more information: www.lovebricks-hatewar.com www.lovebricks-hatewar.de Publisher: Deutsche Friedensgesellschaft – Vereinigte KriegsdienstgegnerInnen (DFG-VK) Hornbergstraße 100 70188 Stuttgart Text: Michael Schulze von Glaßer ([email protected]) Corrections: Felix Werdermann, Katharina Müller, Thomas Carl Schwoerer Translation (German - English): David Scheuing Text deadline: 30. Juni 2020 Printing: Onlineprinters GmbH Printed German Version available at: www.shop.dfg-vk.de Pictures: Page 1: DFG-VK; Page 3: LEGO®; Page 4: Bell/Textron®; Page 5: LEGO®; Page 6: US- Army; Page 7 oben: BAE Systems®; Page 7 unten: LEGO®; Page 8, 9, 10: LEGO®; Page 11 oben: US- Army; Page 11 unten links: Royal Saudi Air Force; Page 11 unten rechts: Almigdad Mojalli/VOA; Page 12, 13: LEGO®, Page 16: DFG-VK ABOUT US The German Peace Society – United War Resisters (Deutsche Friedensgesellschaft - Vereinigte Kriegs- dienstgegnerInnen, DFG-VK) was founded in Berlin in 1892 by Bertha von Suttner and Alfred Hermann Fried, who later won the Nobel Peace Prize. We remain committed to the tasks of opposing war and the military and advocate for peace and non-violent conflict transformation. Further information is avail- able on our website - www.dfg-vk.de - and on our SocialMedia sites: YouTube: www.youtube.com/dfgvk Facebook: www.facebook.com/dfgvk Instagram: @die_friedensgesellschaft Twitter: @dfgvk_bv LEGO® TECHNIC 42113 BELL® BOEING® V-22 OSPREY Pieces: 1.636 Price: 149,99 US-Dollar/129,99 Euro Release: August 2020 License: Boeing®/Bell/Textron® Other: Due to licensing from Boeing®/Bell/Textron® there is curr- ently no alternative B-model for the „Osprey“-Set.