E-SMART Capitalization Report

INTERREG Alpine Space

“e-mobility SMART grid for passengers and last mile freight transports in the Alpine Space – e-SMART”

e-SMART Capitalization Report

February 2020

This project is co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund through the Interreg Alpine Space programme. 1

Document Details Project acronym e-SMART Project title e-mobility SMART grid for passengers and last mile freight transports in the Alpine Space Project number 753 Activity A.T2.1 Capitalizing Deliverable D.T2.1.1- e-SMART Capitalization report Due date 31.12.2019 Delivery date 31.01.2020 Dissemination PPs Partner in charge LP01 – RSE Authors Cavicchioli - Leonardi

Short Description e-SMART aims to contribute to a larger diffusion of e-mobility in the AS, thanks to cooperation of regional and local authorities with the private sector designing and testing an operational model to plan Electric charging stations. The purpose of the report is to list and share the state of the art on European research programme on the main issues of the project. The link to the more relevant aspect is underlined. A special focus is done on e-MOTICON project and EUSALP activities. Moreover, this report represents a basis for networking action with previous and past project, in order to capitalize their results.

Dissemination level PU Public X PP Restricted to other programme participants RE Restricted to a group specified by the consortium CO Confidential, only for members of the consortium

Revision history Version Date Author Organization V1.0 31.01.2020 Cavicchioli- Leonardi RSE & all PPs Final Document 31.01.2020 Cavicchioli- Leonardi RSE & all PPs

This project is co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund through the Interreg Alpine Space programme. 2

Sommario

INTRODUCTION AND SCOPE OF THE REPORT...... 5 1. EUROPEAN POLICY AND INITIATIVE ...... 6 1.1 The European Framework on Living Lab ...... 6 On smart grid ...... 7 On smart cities ...... 8 2. FOCUS ON EUROPEAN RESEARCH FOUNDED PROJECT...... 11 2.1 EU projects MAIN ISSUES AND FINDINGS ...... 12 2.1.1 Selection of project to be connected with ...... 14 2.1.2 FOCUS on e-MOTICON main issues and findings ...... 15 2.1.3 e-MOTICON state of the art findings and contribution ...... 17 2.1.4 e-MOTICON Strategy findings and contribution ...... 20 2.1.5 e-MOTICON Regional Action Plan findings and contribution ...... 21 2.1.6 e-MOTICON Pilot Action findings and contribution ...... 22 2.2. e-SMART AND SYNERGIES WITH OTHER ALPINE SPACE PROGRAMME PROJECT IN 4TH CALL...... 24 2.3 E-SMART SYNERGIES WITH LOCAL AND REGIONAL PROJECT ...... 26 2.4 E-SMART SYNERGIES WITH EUSALP AG9 ACTIVITIES AND RESULTS ...... 27 2.5. E-SMART SYNERGIES WITH EUSALP AG4 ACTIVITIES AND REPORTS ...... 28 2.5.1 EUSALP AG4 Alpine Platform of knowledge for mobility and transport ...... 29 2.5.2 EUSALP AG4 preparatory study and dialogue events with strategic implementation partners to investigate and optimize multi-modal logistic chains ...... 30 2.5.3 EUSALP AG4 Overview of existing pricing components that influence the competitiveness between road and rail freight transport ...... 33 2.5.4 EUSALP AG4 Discussion paper on Secondary Networks ...... 33 2.5.5 EUSALP AG4 Transport and Mobility Conflict Map ...... 33 2.5.6 EUSALP AG4 Study on External Costs in mountain areas ...... 34 2.6. E-SMART SYNERGIES WITH JRC REPORT ON E-CS LOCATION ...... 34 2.7. e-SMART SYNERGIES WITH JRC REPORT ON DSO OBSERVATORY ...... 35 2.8 e -SMART SYNERGIES WITH EU COMMISSION REPORT IN SUPPORT TO DAFI IMPLEMENTATION ...... 36 3.LESSON LEARNED ...... 38 ANNEX 0 – TABLE WITH DETAILS ON EU FOUNDED RESEARCH PROJECT CONNECTED TO E-SMART ...... 39 ANNEX 1 - MORE DETAILS ON E-MOTICON SOA – POLICY ...... 91 ANNEX 2 - MORE DETAILS ON E-MOTICON SOA – CHARGING STATION...... 94

This project is co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund through the Interreg Alpine Space programme. 3

ANNEX 3 – MORE DETAILS ON E-MOTICON SOA – BUSINESS MODELS ...... 96 ANNEX 4 - MORE DETAILS ON E-MOTICON STRATEGY ...... 98 ANNEX 5 – MORE DETAIL ON E-MOTICON REGIONAL ACTION PLANS ...... 100 ANNEX 6 – MORE DETAIL ON REGIONAL AND LOCAL PROJECT ...... 101

This project is co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund through the Interreg Alpine Space programme. 4

INTRODUCTION AND SCOPE OF THE REPORT e-SMART aims to contribute to a larger diffusion of e-mobility in the AS, thanks to cooperation of regional and local authorities with the private sector designing and testing an operational model to plan Electric charging stations (E-CS and related e-mobility services in passengers and freight transports (Local Public Transport – LPT and Last Mile Freight Logistics -LML). This model will offer practical instruments to Public Administrations policy makers and technicians to increase energy suppliers grid capacity and, therefore, to support the growth of e-mobility options and services in transport sectors for peripheral and metropolitan area of the AS.

The purpose of the report is to list and share the state of the art on research programme on the main issues of the project, considering:

• Eu financed project • European initiatives • EUSALP Action Group activities • JRC activities • EU commission Report • Active INTERREG Alpine Space project

A special focus is done on e-MOTICON project. The link to the more relevant aspect is underlined. Moreover, this report is a basis for networking action with previous and past project, in order to capitalize their results.

This project is co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund through the Interreg Alpine Space programme. 5

1. EUROPEAN POLICY AND INITIATIVE

1.1 The European Framework on Living Lab

In the European framework many initiatives have grown up, in support and to be used by policy initiatives, in the last decade in order to face energy transition related main challenge. Some of them are strictly related to e- SMART main issues. Here below a list of the main European Initiative – or reference website – is done.

In the European framework, it needs to be considered the European Net- work of Living Labs (EnoLL):

https://enoll.org/about-us/

The potential for societal and innovative development through co-creation in all sectors of society is widely recognized and the current socioeconomic context, despite many difficulties, provides for manifold opportunities to fully exploit it (European Commission, 2017). For example, Horizon 2020, the biggest EU Research and Innovation programme ever with nearly EUR 80 billion of funding available over 7 years (European Commission, 2017), widely incorporates open innovation, citizen involvement, and real- life experimentation and piloting with users in talking social challenges and addressing cross-cutting issues. Even more so, specific calls of the H2020 programme directly recommends living labs as an experimentation and innovation instrument for application in such areas as smart cities, urban development, and international cooperation to encompass societal and innovative development opportunities within public-private-people partnerships.

Today, there are over 150 active living lab members in the European Net- work of Living Labs (European Network of Living Labs, 2017) representing the many different thematic areas. Smart city living labs, among other activities, aim to boost the urban agenda by using citizen-driven innovation processes and facilitating strong collaboration with public bodies, bottom up and grassroots movements.

At the following link is presented the concept of Living Lab and its key principles, and in particular the procedure called FormIT, followed by a description of the research method and the case used to illustrate the living practise of FormIT. A discussion and a reflection on FormIT’s suitability related to Living Labs is presented.

https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/1f68/d9ce5a7540d1d21818d3da4acc19f 7a70d8d.pdf?_ga=2.143738289.582196565.1580109664- 1154865041.1579852916

This project is co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund through the Interreg Alpine Space programme. 6

On smart grid

In the European framework, it needs to be considered the ISGAN Collaboration Programme:

https://www.iea-isgan.org/

ISGAN is the short name for the International Energy Agency (IEA) Technology Collaboration Programme (TCP) for a Co-operative Programme on Smart Grids (ISGAN – International Smart Grids Action Network). It is also an initiative of the Clean Energy Ministerial (CEM) and was formally established at CEM2 in Abu Dhabi, in 2011 as an Implementing Agreement under a framework of the International Energy Agency (IEA). The International Smart Grid Action Network (ISGAN) creates a strategic platform to support high-level government attention and action for the accelerated development and deployment of smarter, cleaner electricity grids around the world. https://ec.europa.eu/energy/en/topics/market-and-consumers/smart- grids-and-meters

http://s3platform.jrc.ec.europa.eu/smart-grids

The current Cohesion Policy encourages regions and Member States to build regional coalitions to support the creation of new European value chains, in areas associated with strategic growth. To support this goal, starting in 2015, the European Commission services launched three thematic smart specialization (S3) platforms. These platforms have been put in place to provide an interactive and participatory environment supporting interregional cooperation in the context of smart specialisation areas related to Agri-Food, Energy and Industrial Modernization.

In particular, the thematic S3 platforms are contributing to building an increasing number of interregional partnerships across the EU. These collaborative networks have the ultimate goal of establishing European ecosystems for transnational and interregional collaboration in regions and countries with similar or complementary S3 priorities. Together, partner regions analyze and tackle various obstacles related to the implementation of their smart specialisation strategies. Thematic partnerships help regions to improve their regional knowledge base, leading to new paths of development and a better position in global value chains and to transnational joint strategies of innovation.

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The thematic platforms offer a structure to exploit synergies across partnerships and across sectors. These platforms are joint initiatives, managed and coordinated by the Joint Research Centre (JRC), with the support of several EC's Directorates-General including Regional and Urban Policy (REGIO), Agriculture and Rural Development (AGRI); Energy (ENER); Internal Market, Industry, Entrepreneurship and SMEs (GROW) and Research and Innovation (RTD). In addition, to get a wider view for cooperation, interactions with other EU initiatives (such as the Interreg Europe Policy Learning Platform, European Institute of Innovation & Technology (EIT) and the KICs) are also developed.

On smart cities

In the European framework, given that roughly 75% of Europe’s population lives in cities – according to Eurostat statistics - the EU’s urban areas are important contributors to the EU’s energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions, which have a huge impact on climate change. At the same time cities are the main drivers of the EU’s economy, opening effective pathways to growth and jobs for Europe. In this framework, several EU policies, proposals and initiatives promoting more attractive and competitive urban areas, healthier and more sustainable place to live in, while also tackling climate challenges, are in place:

• the Energy Union Strategy1sets out the targets and actions to trans- form the European energy system into the most sustainable in the world • the Urban Agenda for the EU2 promotes better laws, easier access to funding and more knowledge sharing on issues relevant for cities, bringing together the Commission, national ministries, city governments and other stakeholders • the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive3 (EPBD) promotes smart technologies in buildings to increase their energy efficiency • the EU Covenant of Mayors for Climate & Energy4 brings together thousands of local governments, voluntarily committed to implementing EU climate and energy objectives in cities • the Strategic Energy Technology Plane5 (SET Plan) promotes research and innovation efforts across Europe by supporting the most impactful technologies in the EU's transformation to a low- carbon energy system • the Smart Cities Information System6 (SCIS), which provides a lasting repository of information on smart city projects and serves as a knowledge platform to exchange data, experience and knowhow.

______1 COM/2015/080 2 https://ec.europa.eu/futurium/en/urban-agenda 3 https://eur- lex.europa.eu/legalcontent/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32010L0031&from=EN 4 https://www.covenantofmayors.eu/en/ 5 https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/064a025d-0703-11e8-b8f5- 601aa75ed71a1 https://smartcities-infosystem.eu/

This project is co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund through the Interreg Alpine Space programme. 8

Relevant information can also be found in:

European innovation partnership on smart cities and communities (EIP-SCC)

The European innovation partnership on smart cities and communities (EIP-SCC) is the umbrella project of the EU smart cities policy. It aims at delivering practical knowledge, capacity-building opportunities, access to finance, finding partners and more, to establish a European smart city market, as well as making European cities the most livable places in the world, thus directly and very practically supporting the aims of the energy union and the Urban Agenda for the EU. https://eu-smartcities.eu/

https://ec.europa.eu/info/eu-regional-and-urban- development/topics/cities-and-urban-development/city- initiatives/smart-cities_en

The European Innovation Partnership on Smart Cities and Communities (EIP-SCC) is a major market-changing undertaking supported by the European Commission bringing together cities, industries, SMEs, investors, researchers and other smart city actors. EIP-SCC marketplace goals are:

• to develop and implement integrated smart city solutions • support networking, partnerships and exchange of information • focus on the intersection of energy, ICT and transport

The European innovation partnership on smart cities and communities (EIP-SCC) is an initiative supported by the European Commission that brings together cities, industry, small business (SMEs), banks, research and others. It aims to improve urban life through more sustainable integrated solutions and addresses city-specific challenges from different policy areas such as energy, mobility and transport, and ICT. It builds on the engagement of the public, industry and other interested groups to develop innovative solutions and participate in city governance. Main priorities of the partnership are:

• sustainable urban mobility • sustainable districts and built environment • integrated infrastructures and processes in energy, information and communication technologies and transport • citizen focus • policy and regulation • integrated planning and management • knowledge sharing • baselines, performance indicators and metrics • open data • governance standards • business models, procurement and funding

This project is co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund through the Interreg Alpine Space programme. 9

• Digital platform.

Inside H2020 research program many financed project on smart city development have been financed:

This project is co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund through the Interreg Alpine Space programme. 10

2. FOCUS ON EUROPEAN RESEARCH FOUNDED PROJECT

The report represents a catalogue on current and past EU, regional and local projects, on e-mobility applied to LPT and LML, smart grid & energy, smart city and mobility, digitalization and open innovation.

The report includes also a focus on e-MOTICON project. The report analyses the following projects:

Issue Funding Program Project acronym Input on sustainable and INTERREG AS ALPINNOCT innovative approaches for INTERREG Central Europe TalkNET passenger and freight INTERREG ADRION MultiAPPRO, transport H2020 OptiTruck LOGISTAR 7 Framework Programme CITY-LOG Frevue Ita-Swt DESTINATION PTA-DESTINATION Input on e-mobility INTERREG AS e-MOTICON governance and planning ASTUS together in integration with ALPINFONET smart grid & energy POLY5 IMEAS H2020 STEVE RECIPE Interreg EU PROMETEUS EV ENERGY LIFE CEMOBIL PREPAIR Interreg North Sea region SEEV4-City EPSON Alps2050 Smart city&territories H2020° Sharing Cities framework, tools for PAs GrowSmarter and Digitalization SynchroniCity Triangulum Smartencity Replicate Smartertogether Mysmartlife Matchup Startdust Iris Making City +Cityxchange EUMERCI FP7 GreenEmotion I-CVUE INTERREG AS CARE4TECH CESBA Alps PeaceAlps Other initiatives Cities Today Living Lab Approaches H2020 Intensss-PA iSCAPE Interreg AS SaMBA °: here is listed a selection of the 14 H2020 project financed on smart cities

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2.1 EU projects MAIN ISSUES AND FINDINGS

The report summarizes the main findings and the main link of each project with e-SMART according a common scheme, that considers:

Project name Project website Lead Partner e-mail address Type of Funding project (H2020, INTERREG, national funds, etc...) Project Starting/Closing date Project objective Project main findings and contributions Main link with e-SMART

More information and details on how each single project can contribute to e-SMART issues are listed in the tables in ANNEX 0.

The following scheme can be derived according the relevance of the Link with e-SMART

Figure 1- Linking Score of EU founded project with e-SMART on the issue „Sustainable and innovative approaches for passenger and freight transport“

This project is co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund through the Interreg Alpine Space programme. 12

Figure 2- Linking Score of EU founded project with e-SMART on the issue „e-mobility governance and planning together in integration with smart grid & energy“

Figure 3- Linking Score of EU founded project with e-SMART on the issue „Smart city&territories framework, tools for PAs and Digitalization“

This project is co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund through the Interreg Alpine Space programme. 13

Figure 4- Linking Score of EU founded project with e-SMART on the issue „Living labs approaches”

2.1.1 Selection of project to be connected with

Considering the proposed evaluation, e-SMART partnership considers crucial to get in contact and follow indications from previous project actors.

For infrastructures and For infrastructures For Toolkit:For Livingf Lab Ap- proach: related ser- related to e- vices mapping: mobility OptiTruck iSPCAPE LOGISTAR Samba LOGISTAR e-MOTICON CITY-LOG iSCAPE CITY-LOG INtensss-PA IMEAS iNTESSS-PA PTA-DESTINATION Sharing Cities IMEAS Startdust Alps2050 Iris Smartertogether CESBA Alps Matchup CARE4TECH

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2.1.2 FOCUS on e-MOTICON main issues and findings e-MOTICON can be considered a “Parent project” (no mother, nor father…we care gender parity!!) for e-SMART project. Indeed, many partners of e-MOTICON, considering the relevance of e- MOTICON outcomes and from “territory needs” listening occurred during the project lifetime, built the new project for helping the Public Authorities to make a step forward. e-MOTICON brought together 15 partners from 5 countries, involving 41 observers from the entire Programme area (Austria, France, Germany, Italy, Slovenia) and Switzerland: they represented managing authorities, regional bodies, research centers and private investors. The partnership aimed to support Public Administrations in ensuring homogeneous development of electric mobility. The project acted on the problems of low and inhomogeneous deployment of electric mobility (e- mobility) that characterizes the Alpine Space (AS). The count of electric charging stations (E-CS) varies in 2017 from 15 to 235 E-CS per M inhabitants whereas electric vehicles’(EV) number varies from 70 to 470 per M inhabitants. One reason for the inadequate diffusion is low interoperability of E-CS often due to the limited integration of planning instruments used by Public Administrations (PA) and their lack of knowledge in technological innovation and business modelling.

After the analysis of policies, business models and technological solutions, e-MOTICON delivered a White book on innovative E-CS planning to respect e-mobility requirements in the Alpine Space transnational strategy and Regional Action Plans. It provided a toolset to anticipate E-CS network requirements and tested it in 3 joint pilot actions. A transnational community involved Public Administrations and representatives of the e-mobility industrial sector, research centers, regional agencies, end users and public transport agencies to improve Public Administrations’ capacity on E- CS planning, cooperation, increase knowledge and enhance consensus.

Main project findings on Public Administration side have been:

• Generally, the direct involvement of the Public Body (as infrastructure owner or as e-mobility service provider) looks less efficient; • Regional Authorities and Municipalities should act, at least, in order to facilitate and coordinate the deployment of a homogenous and effective infrastructure inside their territories, with a strong attention to neighboring areas; • The interaction with energy/service providers is crucial to foster a correct infrastructure development; • A big importance has to be given to communication, both “internal” among PAs, and “external” with citizens and final users.

Main project findings on Technical issues have been:

• Access, identification and payment is today one of the biggest open points with regards to EV charging infrastructure; • Both the existing solutions to allow EV charging infrastructure accessibility (“ad hoc” and “roaming platforms”) will continue to exist in the next years. “Ad-hoc” is mainly driven by EU rules, while roaming platforms are mainly driven by market evolution;

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• The technical solution chosen to perform the ad-hoc payment should carefully consider both the additional cost for the operator and the comfort for the user. • In order to obtain a complete and reliable mapping tool, it is suggested to create an official “National Register” and to compel each operator to provide real-time data of their infrastructure, at least with regards to publicly accessible EV charging points.

More in detail the single outputs of e-MOTICON can give specific and relevant contribution to single e-SMART product, as from the following graph:

Figure 5 - e-MOTICON outputs of the project and relationship with contribution to specific e-SMART outputs

The following paragraphs will deep the single e-MOTICON contribution.

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2.1.3 e-MOTICON state of the art findings and contribution

A crucial contribution of e-MOTICON is the State of the Art (SoA).

A state-of-the-art analysis has been conducted regarding electric mobility to identify the best solutions to be integrated in the deployment strategy.

The SoA report has three different parts:

• Part A: Policies Analysis - The report focuses on the various policies defined and adopted at different governance levels: first of all, at the European level, then at national and even regional levels of countries and regions in the Alpine Space. Some policies are dealing with low-carbon- mobility in general and can there be applied to BEVs as well as to FCEVs. Others are clearly oriented to battery-driven vehicles or to the corresponding recharging infrastructures. Information can be summarize within the measures taken at the European, national and regional levels related to electric mobility and specifically those complying with the Directive 2014/94/EU on the development of alternative fuels infrastructures, since this cornerstone Directive is widely acknowledged as having driven the adoption of the national strategies related to electric mobility in the countries of the Alpine Space (for the Member States of the EU above all), and therefore the deployment of charging networks over the past years. We will focus on some items to present at a glance what we developed above about the policies defined and adopted by the Alpine Space countries concerning electric mobility, this presentation being useful for the second step of the e-MOTICON project, namely the definition of the strategy.

See ANNEX 1 for more detail and https://www.alpine- space.eu/projects/e-moticon/testi-scritti/project-result/state-of-art-_e-moticon_policies- analysis-_-final-versionupdated_def.pdf

• Part B: Business Model Analysis. According to the information provided by all project partners, there are more than 100 active E-CS operators that have been listed in the Alpine Space: 6 in Austria, 16 in France, 59 in Germany, 5 in Italy, 1 in Liechten- stein, 7 in Slovenia and at least 8 major operators in Switzerland. Even within all CPOs and all EMPs of the Alpine Space, we have underlined a relatively high heterogeneity, in terms of size of the charging networks and their geographical coverage: some operators run a local or regional charging network, whereas others are keen on expanding their networks on a national basis; in terms of power delivered by the charging infrastructure, we can highlight that the little networks are more keen on delivering a lower charging power, comprised between 3.7kW up to 22kW most of the time, than the big charging networks that at least enable the EV drivers to charge at 22kW and that seek now to install “ultra-fast” charging E- CS up to 350kW (this tendency emerges only). When it comes to the specific issue of the charging power, one could state, after analyzing the business models of the numerous charging service operators of the Alpine Space, that the more power the network is delivering, the more it occurs that the operator is a specialized private company (CPO) and not a public-steered one; municipalities and other public bodies that run a charging network are keener on installing charging points delivering a low-charging power because of the limited geographical coverage of the network. Private operators are installing E-CS with higher charging power, and most of the time with a broader geographical coverage, since they have to bill a sufficient number of customers per day to maintain their business with higher prices due to the electricity consumed over a charging session;

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a low-charging power would also not allow enough turnover among the customers. Nonetheless, we stated a tendency initiated by municipalities and other public bodies towards the delegation of the operation of the E-CS to private operators. Be- tween both “extreme” models that are opposing, we could see in the middle the operation of regional charging networks delivering a normal charging power, so around 22kW, operated by charging service operators whose activities and businesses are growing, such as the networks deployed by the energy syndicates in France and energy suppliers in the other Alpine Space countries. There are discrepancies too when it comes to the “business environment” of the charging service operators, since fewer are operating alone, whereas the majority of them is operating with several key partners, such as other E-CS operators, roaming platforms, municipalities…The operation of electric charging services poses a capitalistic problem for the operators, since there is a big need of prime investments to buy the relevant physical and digital infrastructures. The electric mobility industry is indeed highly digitalized (apps, websites, servers, exchange of data), what could show that the ongoing revolution in the mobility sector has well adapted to the ongoing digitalization revolution. Moreover, the analysis of the business models in this report shows that E-CS operators are “not only” E-CS operators and that they undertake other activities, hence the relative important role played by the energy suppliers, and above all, by the electricity suppliers, in the deployment and the operation of charging networks; in all countries of the Alpine Space, national or local electricity suppliers have launched initiatives in favor of electric mobility, with the installation of charging points, the sale of domestic charging points (so-called “wallboxes”) for the customers to be able to charge at home, a negotiated electricity tariff for the EV drivers’ households based on the electricity consumption. The electricity suppliers benefit from the European and national legislations that opened the electricity market to competition but that also committed the energy suppliers to deliver more and more electricity produced from renewable energy sources to their grids. When the energy suppliers are not charging service operators, they still remain key partners of the CPOs, the latters having now the right, according to the European and national legislations, to be connected to the power grids and to choose their electricity supplier, even a “foreign” one, i.e. not the national or local one, but another one located in the EU. We could here add that the location of the E-CS is a specific issue for the CPOs, since they cannot install the charging points wherever they want; it has indeed to be connected to the power grids, but considering strategic and business perspectives, the charging points should be located at “strategic points”, such as crossroads or transport hubs, where operators can more easily find customers.

The energy suppliers are also at the forefront of the shift from traditional power grids towards smart grids whose are aiming at finding a balance between demand and supply of electricity at any time and at optimizing the functioning of power grids, especially with the growing number of registered EVs; this is a huge challenge for the electricity market, since it has to fore- cast how charging more and more EVs that will “ask” for more and more power, without leading to power outage (a “blackout”). Concerning this specific issue, we will see in the third part of the report that there are some tendencies to use EVs as stationary electricity tanks that can “give back” electricity to the power grids, this is the so-called “vehicle-to-grid” technology.

Not to forget are the information and roaming platforms that also play an important role in the extension of electric mobility in Europe, following their ability to interconnect the major stakeholders, i.e. E-CS and mobility operators, end-users, service providers, and to foster interoperability, visibility and openness of the charging networks vis-à-vis the charging service operators. Both types of platforms are making charging easier for the end-users, may they be individuals, companies, municipalities, or other companies involved in the electric mobility business (more specific for the roaming platforms), and promote electric mobility on a broad scale. Their activities may explain the

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growing EV market as we stated at the beginning of this report, even if there are slight discrepancies among the countries. All in all, the Al- pine Space countries, and especially Switzerland, France, and Germany, are becoming markets of greatest relevance at the European level. As we will see in the third and last part of the state of the art’s report, EV purchases and E-CS deployment are correlated, the installation of a charging network and the issues around the charging infrastructure being acknowledged as the prior conditions to increase the registrations of EVs on the one hand, hence the development of electric mobility in general.

For more detail see ANNEX 2 and https://www.alpine-space.eu/projects/e- moticon/testi-scritti/d.t1.2.1-e-moticon_bm-analysis_final-version.pdf

• Part C: Charging Infrastructure Analysis - This third part of the state of the art report firstly focuses on the technical specifications of the charging infrastructure and of the electric vehicles; here we are using the contribution sent by the Italian project partners, especially the figures about the different types of plugs and the history of the standardization at the European level; but we also quote the scientific literature and the information provided by the various international and European standardization Committees that focus on the technical information and the history background for the adoption of the European standards. Concerning the tendencies and the trends, the report focuses on the dedicated information platforms and the analysis of the situation concerning the deployment of the charging networks in the Alpine Space regions. On 24th March 2015, five roaming platform operators, namely e-clearing.net (Germany and the Netherlands), GIREVE (France), MOBI.E (Portugal), Enel (Italy) and Hubject (Germany), decided to launch a cooperation aimed at interconnecting these five major eRoaming platforms in Europe. The PanEuropean initiative engages to further simplify the charging of electric vehicles with single EV charging supply contracts across provider lines and national borders. eRoaming platforms are a link connecting different market participants in the e-mobility sector. These business and IT platforms enable charge point operators to conveniently and cost-efficiently open their own networks to additional users and thus get additional revenues by making contracts with e-mobility providers. These connected networks allow EV drivers to seamlessly recharge their vehicles at charging stations operated by connected charging operators, delivering value to users and all e-mobility providers and service providers, namely EV electricity suppliers, vehicle manufacturers as well as other market participants. The five platforms have each established their own eRoaming solutions and service offerings in different European countries. The ultimate aim of the initiative is to reduce the existing barriers and provide a European interoperable charging infrastructure. In February 2017, five of the biggest Europeans operators of fast-charging networks, three coming even from countries of the Alpine Space, namely Smatrics (Austria), Sodetrel (France), Gotthard Fast Charge (Switzerland), Fastned (the Netherlands), and Grønn Kontakt (Norway), announced the creation of the Open Fast Charging Alliance, which is the European complementary initiative of the Open Charge Alliance – a consortium that already gathers a lot of American and European E-CS operators – but here specifically dedicated to the interoperability between the most important European fast- charging networks. These five ECS operators count in total more than 500 publicly accessible E-CS that are installed in six European countries. This initiative is open to any E-CS operator willing to join. The founding partners are willing to set charging networks equipped with charging points delivering up to 150kW. As stated, the objective of the Open Fast Charging Alliance is the development of roaming between all partners’ networks; to do so, the partners are willing to adopt open standards and protocols, such as the Open Charge Point Interface (OCPI) that allows direct communication between the networks and does not require third parties for bilateral (commercial) agreements, and to create a common personal

This project is co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund through the Interreg Alpine Space programme. 19

assistance service that would run 24/7. This will enable the EV drivers to charge to the five networks by using only one charging pass, and this initiative underlines the care of the E-CS operators for opening their networks on a crossborder perspective.

According to the data provided by the different project partners, we can underline that at least 10.535 publicly accessible E-CS have been installed up to date in the Alpine Space (the figure below states the number of installed E-CS, not charging points). Concerning the charging power:

• 12% of the E-CS deliver a low-charging power (up to 3kW); • At least 75% of the E-CS deliver a normal charging power (up to 22kW); • 13% of the publicly accessible E-CS are fast-charging E-CS in the Alpine Space

Concerning the plug standards used:

• 50% of the E-CS are normal-charging power E-CS that comply with the European standard Type 2 • 4% of the E-CS comply with the CHAdeMO standard • 4% of the E-CS deliver a high-charging power and comply with the European standard CCS Combo3% of the total E-CS are high-power charging and multi-standard • 2% of the E-CS belong to the private network installed and operated by TESLA.

For more detail see ANNEX 3 and https://www.alpine- space.eu/projects/e-moticon/testi-scritti/d.t1.1.1-e-moticon_charging- infra-analysis-_final- version.pdf

2.1.4 e-MOTICON Strategy findings and contribution

The Alpine Space is both a challenging and a rich-of-opportunities area. In a relatively small territory, it indeed includes six countries (including Switzerland), big metropolitan areas (e.g. Milan area in Italy), really small communities, many touristic attractions and an extremely variegated geomorphology. The presence of delicate areas and protected environments makes this territory extremely suitable for the adoption of green and sustainable mobility but, on the other side, the energy consumption required by mountain roads can be a severe challenge. Moreover, the presence of many cross-border commuters, both for work and (mainly) for tourism, asks for high interoperability among the charging networks of different areas and countries. Last, the high seasonal variation in traffic flows, due to tourism patterns, could cause a low usage of the charging stations for long periods, generating the risk of “market failure” for charging operators. In such a complex situation, the development of fragmentary charging networks and the adoption of inconsistent strategies in different areas and different countries could create really severe obstacles for EV users, hindering the diffusion of e-mobility in favor of traditional internal-combustion vehicles. e- MOTICON partners believe that the development of a transnational strategy is a key factor in order to commonly face the still existing problems and to identify the best solutions that should be adopted jointly by all the involved countries and Public Authorities. Referring to a common view and a common strategy will help Public Authorities to make the best decisions for all potential EV users of the Alpine Space (and not only). A transnational and commonly agreed strategy would guarantee synergy and consistency among the different actions undertaken in the considered area. The Trans- national Strategy is mainly expressed through six “strategic pillars”, which represent the most

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important areas of intervention that public bodies should focus on. Following the strategic pillars, decision makers inside the PAs will generate a favorable framework for e-mobility development and will actually setup an effective and optimized charging infrastructure.

A comprehensive description of each Pillar is detailed. Moreover, five golden rules for each Pillar are listed for Regional Public Administrations and five golden rules for Municipalities.

See ANNEX 4 for more detail and https://www.alpine- space.eu/projects/e-moticon/testi-scritti/project-result/d.t2.2.1-transnational-strategy- description.pdf.

2.1.5 e-MOTICON Regional Action Plan findings and contribution e-MOTICON project support the realization of Regional Action Plans (RAPs) in order to support and adapt to local needs on the subject to enhance the public administration capabilities in building an interoperable infrastructure for charging electric vehicle. in the Alpine Space, coordinating and using the DIFA1 transposition in the different countries. The actions proposed in the RAP are coherent with EU policies, Alpine Space area policies (EUSALP, Alpine Convention, EURE- GIO, iMonitraf! objectives) for a common long-term vision for a sustainable transport system for the Alpine Space. The common short- and mid-term targets defined in the strategy, as common target to reach are translated into actions that are listed and ranked, as a development path. The proposed measures, that support these targets, will lead to a more harmonized transport system, including the use of new steering instruments. Moreover, the RAPs will live over the project lifetime, remaining as a living document that can be used to continue the path towards the long-term objectives. e- MOTICON project developed 5 Regional Action Plans for each of the 5 countries (Austria, France, Germany, Italy, Slovenia). The main objectives of the RAP are to give a common strategy in all the different areas to enhance the public administration capabilities in building an interoperable infrastructure (e-CS) for charging electric vehicle (EV) in the Alpine Space, considering that low and inhomogeneous deployment of electro mobility (e- mobility) characterizes Alpine Space (AS). One reason for the inadequate diffusion is low interoperability of E-CS often due to the limited integration of planning instruments used by Public Administrations (PA) and their lack of knowledge in technological innovation and business modelling. If at all, PAs address the issue in an isolated way and leave the investments to private non-coordinated initiatives; therefore, there is a need of regional administrations’ capacity building and integrated transnational approach.

This project is co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund through the Interreg Alpine Space programme. 21

For more detail see ANNEX 5 and https://www.alpine- space.eu/projects/e-moticon/testi-scritti/project-result/d.t2.3.1-e-moticon-regional-action- plans-at.pdf

2.1.6 e-MOTICON Pilot Action findings and contribution

The e-MOTICON Pilot Actions are intended to test and assess measures to enable stakeholders to contribute to building an international interoperable E-CS network in the long term in alignment with common strategies and objectives. The pilot actions strive to test measures which specifically appeal to the before mentioned target groups and help them to engage successfully in the development of an interoperable E-CS system empowering them in the long run to identify and carry out actions which will help trigger the aspired growth of the E-CS network in accordance with national and international strategies and specific goals. The main goal of the pilot actions is to address the strategic objectives within the document giving support by gaining new insights, suggesting and testing new technological solutions, supporting exchange of experiences, providing and distributing knowledge via different channels in the different fields concerning E-CS. With this strategy of support, empowerment and knowledge gain they also address the bigger strategies, policies and objectives concerning e-mobility which build the context for the pilot action. Within the pilot actions concrete activities to support the establishment of interoperable E-CS infrastructure are performed aiming for the following goals which serve to reach the vision pictured before and the project objectives by providing concrete deliverables and outputs and supporting the deliverables and outputs of other tasks performed in the adjacent work packages:

• Testing individual measures in different regions • Gaining knowledge on the implementation of interoperability measures • Providing recommendations and best practices for interoperability measures • Provide newly generated knowledge as input for the other pilot actions and follow-up activities • By using similar measures in different regions and applying tested measures again later on during the implementation of the pilots test their replicability • Demonstrate and test the application of measures supporting national and international E-CS strategies and planning throughout the Alpine Space • Generate input especially best practices and recommendations for measures for a guideline • Generate knowledge for the definition of the planning strategy and a basis for the development of regional action plans

The role of the pilot actions is the actual implementation of measures in the field, whereas the role of the strategy is to provide a theoretical background for E-CS planning and objectives in the short- and long-term. The Pilot actions striving to derive an improved transnational strategy adjusted for the Alpine Space with concrete recommended actions. The first with a theoretical focus, the second for practical purposes, but both of them are inter- twined and rely on each other. And again, both of them are spread and dis- cussed within the e-MOTICON transnational community. In general, the benefit added by pilot actions to the project are recommendations for actions that have already been tested and evaluated concerning their potential effect on E-CS development and empowerment of stakeholders to get successfully involved in the realization of an interoperable E-CS network. Action plans not only include the description of challenges and the need for action, together with goals but

This project is co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund through the Interreg Alpine Space programme. 22

also include measures to reach these goals and this is where the pilot actions can help to define regional action plans. The pilot actions strive to find innovative measures and ways to successfully reach strategic goals to realize an efficient practical interoperable E-CS network that fulfils the needs of its users. They put these measures to a test, thus finding out which of them can be recommended under which circumstances and what the potential effects on the E-CS infrastructure development may be. Therefore, they can be very valuable as part of newly developed regional action plans, as a better estimation of their feasibility and accomplishable results upon their realization exists. The findings (descriptions of measure plus experiences made during the implementations) are put together and made available as guidelines, which are directly useable by the regional public authorities, which are the main drivers of regional action plans. So, the guidelines which feature the pilot actions as use cases and best practices are put to a test within the project to guide the first regional action plans which include measures from the pilot actions where suitable.

The activities carried out in the pilot action e-HUB aim to understand better which measures help to ensure legal and political interoperability. The main objectives to be supported are:

• Communication (vertical and horizontal): needs, activities, coordination. • Policy transfer & application (vertical and horizontal). • Knowledge diffusion: exchange of best practice, technology update on E-CS and e-Mobility, pilot actions results.

The instruments used for the activities in the pilot regions are: WEB based platform: internal working space & external/public communication and repository, questionnaires and interviews and local seminars. The Pilot action has three activities:

• Activity 1 – Set up instruments for the help-desk model • Activity 2 – Transfer and collect information to local authorities and users • Activity 3 – Guidelines (policy recommendations) on e-mobility for local public authorities and coordination of local networks

Problem identified giving the basic idea for the e-TRAIL pilot was that dis- parities exist between existing and emerging set-ups of ECS3 and established ECS networks, managing systems within PP regions that are or could enable integration of regional ECS networks into transnational interoperable and e-roaming systems. Since they are ECS that are not interoperable and still ECS being set up without the technical software to be interoperable, the objective of the pilot is increasing the readiness of local /regional ECS networks to be integrated into local/regional/transnational interoperable and roaming systems and to improve regional/local policies to better service potential national or foreign investors in ECS infrastructure and to ease user experience using ECS regardless to where user comes from. Another thing is that user informational platforms have to be addressed in order to better serve the user. The existing issues are that in some cases they are several existing platforms not providing unified information or having the same methodological approach of displaying information. This may confuse the user and the service providers. In other case(s) information platform has to be set up to enable information on localization, type of ECS, payment possibilities, availability etc. – in short to enhance ECS network information both for users, developers and operators. The objective for the informational platforms is to identify the needs of improvement and do steps for improvement. Where the above issues do not represent a challenge, other developments are going to be realized. ECS networks will be a part of integrated existing multimodal transport and better services the users. Simple application of use of the charging infrastructure, an

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app or mobility card can and will be used to extend the possibilities of use to other transport systems to ease multimodal mobility travel. Timeframe milestones will help monitoring the progress of the e- TRAIL pilot activities. Scheduled meetings within the pilot timeframe will serve as knowledge exchange opportunity and tackle possible obstacles during the implementation of the activities. It has three activities:

• Activity 1: Setting up interoperable systems • Activity 2: User information platforms • Activity 3: E-roaming platforms

Due to public funding, the implementation of municipal masterplans on electric mobility and E-CS infrastructure is increasingly proceeding. It is expected that the activities as well as the issues addressed will be consistent to a great extent. However, these concepts won´t be extensive in some areas as there are limited means for elaborating studies and practical investigations. e-MOTICON project can provide valuable insights to reinforce municipal concepts, adding methods of P&L. These methods include surveys, intercorporate mobility management programs and the acquisition of data on mobility demands obtained by data loggers applied in conventional vehicles. In these 3 Regarding the interoperability they are different types of ECS, having different power and therefor time of charging. The number of phases and the power in kW influences charging time. Three-phase ECS with the power of 11 kW takes for instance up to 3 hours of charging an empty battery. Three phase ECS with the power of 22 kW takes up to 1 hour to charge the battery. One phase – domestic ECS up to 7.4 kW take up to 4 hours. One-way current on the ultrafast ECS (so called DC) enables charging in half an hour. They are found usually by the highways at gas stations for transit traffic1 In this context we suggest to retrieve viable information from available actors, regions, sources and to set the investigation work as broad as possible within our opportunities: The following activity are within P&L:

• Activity 1: “Usage analysis of E-CS infrastructure” • Activity2: “Survey on service providers, citizens and tourism organizations to improve E-CS localization and their operation in the Rhône-Alpes region” • Activity 3: „The role of resident companies in local e-mobility and E- CS master planning - Involvement of an industrial zone in the Berchtesgaden Land as case study “

2.2. e-SMART AND SYNERGIES WITH OTHER ALPINE SPACE PROGRAMME PROJECT IN 4TH CALL

On October 2nd, 2019 15 new projects were approved by the Interreg Al- pine Space Programme Committee for the sustainable development of the Alps. They are currently kicking off their activities that will run (more or less) until June 2022. Their websites are not yet available. The financed projects are listed here below, grouped according to their priority axes. Some details on Lead Partner and the main links with e-SMART are also reported.

Axes 1. Innovative Alpine Space

BE-READI ALPS adapts start-up support services to the needs of mature SMEs in the Alpine Space

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and offers them a “second life” by giving them access to new opportunities in an open innovation perspective. LP: Veneto Innovazione Main links with e-SMART: co-creation mechanism with stakeholder –data management

CIRCULAR4.0 takes advantage of digitisation processes to support the transition to circular economy of SMEs in the Alpine region. LP: TechnologyPark of Ljubliana Ltd Main links with e-SMART: co-creation mechanism with stakeholder –data management

DEAS exploits linked open data to develop new products and services on mobility, environment and the sector of tourism. Through a dedicated strategy, it boosts the data economy in the alpine areas. LP: Chamber of Commerce of Treviso and Region del Veneto Main links with e-SMART: data management

HEALPS 2 fosters a better use of Alpine natural health resources for the development of tourism. It implements new business models and strength- ens territorial innovation in Alpine destinations. LP: ALPARC Main links with e-SMART: business models and innovation maangment, data management

T.A.A.F.E enhances the capacities of public authorities and service providers to develop sustainable age-friendly environments in the Alpine Space, through participatory co-creation methods. LP: City of Treviso Main links with e-SMART: minimal

Axes 2. Low Carbon Alpine Space

ALPGRIDS creates a transnational enabling environment for the development of low-carbon electric microgrids by addressing regulatory issues and organisational-business challenges. LP: AURA-EE Main links with e-SMART: energy data mapping availability, future energy strategies, data management e-SMART designs, tests and validates transnational instruments for an integrated planning of e- mobility smart grid services and charging stations for local public transport and last mile freight logistics. LP: RSE Main links with e-SMART: n.a.

LinkingAlps connects Alpine mobility information services to foster a modal shift from private to low carbon passenger transport (e.g. public and on- demand), thus offering integrated mobility chains for passenger trips. LP: Austria Tech (?)AustriaTech – Federal Agency for technological measures Main links with e-SMART: mobility data mapping availability, future energy strategies, data management

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Axes 3. Livable Alpine Space

ADO sets up an innovative Alpine wide drought monitoring system and develops recommendations for improved risk preparedness and drought management efficiency in the Alpine Space. LP: EURAC Main links with e-SMART: on strategic issues

ALPTREES investigates the expected benefits and potential risks of non- native trees in the Alpine Space, by developing a transnational strategy to foster responsible use and management practices. LP: BFW Austria Main links with e-SMART: minimal

LUIGI promotes green infrastructure in Alpine rural and urban areas by assessing its economic, environmental and social benefits and by developing new business models and policies. LP: Milan Metropolitan Area Main links with e-SMART: business model management and recognition mechanism

OpenSpaceAlps fosters a multi-level, transnational spatial-planning governance in order to maintain open spaces as part of the Alpine green infrastructure, thus supporting sustainable development in the Alps. LP: Urban Planning Institute of the Republic of Slovenia Main links with e-SMART: spatial planning governance strategies

Axes 4. Well Governed Alpine Space

A-RING provides the framework for joint Alpine research and innovation policies through coordinated and transnational multi-level governance. LP: University of Milan Main links with e-SMART: innovation policies multi-level governance

AlpGov2 takes the mechanisms and instruments developed in the framework of its predecessor (AlpGov) to the decision-making level in order to ensure the strategic implementation of the EUSALP Action Plan. LP: Lombardy RegionMain links with e-SMART: strategic issue and link with EUSALP AGs

ARDIA-Net develops a multi-level research, development and innovation framework for Alpine governance. This framework enables cooperation in smart specialisation strategies implementation. LP: Lombardy Green Chemistry BIOPRO Baden-Württemberg GmbH ) Main links with e-SMART: strategic issue and cooperation mechanism management

2.3 E-SMART SYNERGIES WITH LOCAL AND REGIONAL PROJECT e-SMART intend to capitalize also local project. Each partner contributes with experience from its

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territory.

A survey was performed during February 2020, in order to collect from e- SMART project partners information on relevant local project concerning the main e-SMART issues. The questionnaire was defined in order to collect good practice or innovative approach derived from local founding schemes.

The results are listed in Annex 6.

2.4 E-SMART SYNERGIES WITH EUSALP AG9 ACTIVITIES AND RESULTS

Action Group 9 focuses on the promotion of energy efficiency and the production and use of local renewable energy in the Alpine Region, especially in the public and private sectors. The framework is provided by, inter alia, the EU’s energy directives, the EU goals for 2020 and the Energy Union Package. The action aims at supporting a significant reduction of energy consumption in the housing and mobility sector, as well as in small and medium enterprises. The action promotes energy management and monitoring systems at different levels. The main objectives of AG9 activities are:

• setting up an Alpine energy efficiency cluster. This cluster should serve as a forum for cooperation and innovation, bring technical solutions for the specific energy needs of the Alpine Region, and develop energy efficiency processes and products particularly adapted to the Alpine Region, especially in the housing and mobility sectors. • ‘Greening the Alpine infrastructure’: focusing on energy efficiency in the building sector and promote harmonized, affordable and operational assessment tools to be used by public authorities in order to boost sustainable and low-carbon buildings in the Alpine Region. Specific objectives are: • Setting up an Alpine renewable energy cluster while taking into account ecological, economical and land use issues and considering societal trade-offs. • Support energy management systems in the Alpine Region by developing, sharing and installing energy efficiency and decentralized monitoring systems at the local level and by promoting regional energy monitoring. • Support a better use of local resources and increase energy self- sufficiency while reducing impacts on climate and the environment.

The following main results can be capitalized within e-SMART activities:

Energy survey 2017 - The EUSALP Action Group 9 has the mission to “make the EUSALP territory a model region for energy efficiency and renewable energy”. For this reason, in 2016, it developed the online EUSALP Energy Survey, meant to be sent to each territory’s representative, in order to collect data on the energy production mix, consumption sectors, energy policy strategies and defined energy policy targets. The EUSALP Energy Survey 2017 developed by the EUSALP Action Group 9 is the first attempt to offer a clear and systematic overview of the EUSALP energy data, both on the consumption and production side. Compared to a traditional desk research, it has the great added value of combining quantitative data with qualitative ones, directly provided by the territories. The present report summarizes the main findings of the activities carried out by Eurac in first collecting and then analyzing provided data, from March to October 2017. Information provided by respondents has been supplemented by additional data coming from already available databases and compared with other official sources in order to verify the order of magnitude, or to integrate missing data. Even though data comes from very different territorial entities, ranging from entire

This project is co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund through the Interreg Alpine Space programme. 27 countries (as Slovenia) to small Swiss cantons, having different competencies, institutional frameworks, and energy balances, it is possible to sum up the main energy figures for the EU- SALP territory. It is worth mentioning that there is a great variety of local energy production and consumption status quo falling under these average figures, both in terms of electricity balance and mix of energy sources. The spatialized information presented through the maps accompanying this report helps better understanding the energy pattern in the EUSALP territory.

The EUSALP Energy Survey 2017 gives also evidence about the remaining potentials of RES in the regions and states of the EUSALP. It is worth mentioning that these potentials are qualitatively assessed, based on the respondent’s personal feeling and not on modelling activities. Thus, respondents seem to see more opportunities in the electricity sector, rather than in heating, claiming a high potential for photovoltaic (PV) and, quite surprisingly, a medium/high potential for wind. The majority of them refers about an estimated marginal increase in hydropower. Even in heating, the sun seems to show a high potential, followed by geothermal energy and biomass (even though the latter already plays a key role among RES in heating). Energy strategies seem to be broadly adopted in the EUSALP area, setting various targets (very ambitious in some cases) in their specific territory. As expected, the most recurrent focus areas of the strategies are energy efficiency measures (especially in the building sector), then increasing RES production and setting up a sustainable transport sector. Respondents also recognize the relevant role played by measures that aim at addressing the societal and innovation challenges posed by the energy transition. Not yet widely diffused is the involvement of a third party in supporting the territorial entities in managing the monitoring activities. Finally, from data collection and control activities, it clearly emerges the need for more harmonized and simplified procedures of energy data sharing, in order to obtain a more precise macro-regional data set, and establish an EUSALP Energy Observatory, to be kept updated and accessible to target groups. The EUSALP Energy Observatory could assess the effectiveness of adopted measures by executing regular updates of harmonized energy data, in comparison to implemented political and financial frameworks and targets set by local energy strategies.

2.5. E-SMART SYNERGIES WITH EUSALP AG4 ACTIVITIES AND REPORTS

The EUSALP Action Group 4 Mobility offers a platform to coordinate and harmonize the activities of

This project is co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund through the Interreg Alpine Space programme. 28

Alpine regions and countries for a sustainable transport and mobility system. Its mission is to build a common understanding of transport policy and mobility, to define common objectives and to launch specific activities and projects. In order to address the most important challenges and opportunities concerning mobility in the Alpine Region, the AG4 works towards the following objectives:

• To promote inter-modality and interoperability in passenger and freight transport in particular by removing infrastructure bottlenecks, bridging missing links, coordinating planning and timetables of public transport, modernizing infrastructure and enhancing cooperation. The AG4 is addressing this objective by focusing on infrastructure for sustainable transport in passenger- and combined transport as well as interconnecting public transport systems, focusing on operations and information and ticketing services. • To support the modal shift from road to rail. The Alpine regions are particularly sensitive to negative environmental and social impacts caused by the excessive traffic flow of freight and passenger transport through the Alps. In order to tackle this challenge, the AG4 promotes the harmonization and implementation of modal shift policies with a focus on toll systems. • To develop cooperation and greater integration between the existing bodies and structures in the field of transport. The close collaboration of the AG4 with different actors involved in the transport and mobility sectors of the Alpine Regions guarantees an improved coordination and ensures consistency between existing initiatives in order to avoid duplications and encourage the alignment of funding. Strong links have already been established with the Alpine Convention, the Suivi de Zurich Process, as well as the iMONITRAF! network.

Some studies and tool developed inside AG4 are particularly relevant for e- SMART activities:

2.5.1 EUSALP AG4 Alpine Platform of knowledge for mobility and transport

A new, consumer friendly interface, integrating the already existing iMONITRAF! WebGIS with further layers on AG4 activities, has been developed. It has become an interactive communication tool to inform about the activities and projects of the AG4. The extensive traffic database has been updated and contains information on criteria like "road traffic fluxes", "composition vehicle fleet", "rail traffic fluxes", "air pollutant emissions", and "toll prices". The integration of additional datasets from different EUSALP regions enables the AG4 PoK to become a comprehensive information and communication tool on mobility in the Alpine Region.

The AG4 Alpine Platform of Knowledge for Mobility and Transport is available at http://sdi.eurac.edu/AlpinePoKforTransportandMobility/

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Figure 6 - AG4 Alpine Platform of Knowledge for Mobility and Transport- Home page screenshot

2.5.2 EUSALP AG4 preparatory study and dialogue events with strategic implementation partners to investigate and optimize multi-modal logistic chains

LINKS carried out on behalf of EUSALP a preparatory study to investigate the possibility of actions to optimize multi-modal logistic chains in the Alpine region with particular focus on the flows of empty containers due to imbalances in trade in the area. The project was carried out in four steps:

• Working step 1: desk research • Working step 2: evaluation of solutions in empty container management • Working step 3: dialogue events with strategic partners • Working step 4: identification of a concrete implementation initiative relevant for EUSALP

In more detail:

• Working step 1 - desk research - The study concerns the first working step of the study and the results of the desk research to obtain the general picture about intermodal flows and empty intermodal units flows. The data collected showed increasing maritime and inland containerized flows and aggregate imbalances, with continental scope for maritime flows and with national scope for inland flows. Data from EUROSTAT indicate that much of railway traffic concerning the EUSALP countries is actually intermodal and that there is still potential for shift from road to rail or, where possible, to inland waterways. Data for a number of ports belonging to the Northern European range, to the Tyrrhenian range and to the Northern Adriatic in general showed increases in containerized traffic. Important exceptions are Hamburg and Bremen as well as Livorno whose containerized traffic is stable. The study found a general lack of detailed data on intermodal flows at regional level and no availability about flows of empty intermodal units in both public statistics and planning documents. The work included working on four study areas (Novara and west of Lombardy, Basel and Freiburg,

This project is co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund through the Interreg Alpine Space programme. 30

Tyrol, Veneto) and asking the intermodal terminals in each about data on containerized flows and possible issues with empty intermodal units. Avail- ability of data from terminals was different by study areas: in some case there was a good feedback, in other issues with confidentiality resulted in no data supplied at all. What is noteworthy is that none of the terminals that replied, with the only exception of Hall in Tirol, indicated flows/space for empty intermodal units as an issue.

• Working step 2: evaluation of solutions in empty container management – and Working step 3: dialogue events with strategic partners - The report on these 2 WGs wants to report investigate the possibility of action to optimize multi-modal logistic chains in the Al- pine region with particular focus on the flows of empty containers due to imbalances in trade in the area. The content of this work focuses on: o evaluation of solutions in empty container management o dialogue events with strategic partners

Following the official definition by UNECE (2001), intermodal transport is the movement of goods in one and the same loading unit or road vehicle, which uses successively two or more modes of transport without handling the goods themselves in changing modes. Still UNECE (2001) provides the definition of combined transport, which is most relevant here, as intermodal transport where the major part of the European journey is by rail, inland waterways or sea and any initial and/or final legs carried out by road are as short as possible. Transport by Intermodal Transport Units (ITUs) allows the economies of scale that make intermodal transport economically sustainable and, in turn, enables the environmental advantages that follow from the shift of cargo from road to rail or inland waterway. This is especially relevant as much of the EUSALP area is part of the Alps, where reduction of road transport is particularly important to protect the environment. It is important to distinguish between maritime and continental unitized transport because the two different flows entail different:

• Containers/loading units (ISO 20ft and 40ft used in maritime transport, vs. 45ft containers, 30ft containers swap bodies, semi- trailers used in continental transport). Whether continental or maritime, containers come in different types depending on the cargo they are designed for: e.g. simple boxes, open top containers, flat racks, reefers, and tank containers of different sort.

• Transport chains, and therefore (often): Operators and – Locations.

Container imbalances may occur for several reasons, and most often due to a combination of them. Lack of containers occurs when exporters from a region cannot find suitable containers in the quantity, they need to carry their goods and have to import them empty. Excess of containers occur when containers imported full do not have return loads and have to either be kept in storage until a load is found or sent away empty. In practice, there may be lack or excess of containers or both at the same time in the same area for different traffic flows and different types of containers.

Relevant reason for container imbalances comprises:

• Trade imbalances. These may be at global level, such as the East-West trade imbalance affecting maritime flows of empties, or with a regional scope. • Containers of the appropriate type not available in sufficient numbers. For instance, flows in

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and out of an area may show also imbalances due to inbound heavy cargo transported in 20 ft containers and lighter cargo exported in 40ft containers. • Demand variations. There may be seasonal variations in the flows of goods transported resulting in seasonal variations in the balance, lack or excess of containers. • Different operators in charge of different flows. For instance, when the flow in one direction is, say, largely maritime and the flow in the opposite direction is mostly continental, imbalances in equipment are normal and so are flows of empties. • Transport of chemicals in tank containers, that often have no return flows. • Strategies and choices of operators.

Discussions with stakeholders indicated that imbalances and flows of empty containers pertain mostly maritime traffic whereas continental intermodal transport units typically have return loads although no data is available to support this point. The work has developed schematic representations of the elements of maritime and continental container flows that have allowed to characterize the stakeholder involved in the various transport. A number of solutions to container imbalances and issues with space may be characterized through indicators called outlook that is intended to report a general impression of the viability and usefulness of the methods proposed. The outlook indicator has been qualitatively obtained by considering the feedback from stakeholders at dialogue events and the observations reported in the technical and academic literature. The most promising solutions are triangulation and virtual container yards as well as the effort to balance flows of laden containers if supported by pricing or subsidies. However, none of them can be expected to offer a thorough solution to imbalance issues. The attempt to balance flows is likely limited by the type of goods that are transported to and from an area. Therefore, part of the imbalance may be structural. Additionally, the effort should be common to several operators since each operator manages its own flow. Triangulation and virtual container yards will reduce rotation time of containers and save truck trips to re- position empty containers between consignors, depots and shippers. They would also rationalize use of space in terminals. However, they are likely to be implemented within the network of a single operator due to the strict confidentiality with which transport operations are described by shippers. The chances of success of a third-party platform, such as those developed in the US, are unclear. Shared pools of containers do not appear viable due to the practicalities linked to managing containers and to the confidentiality that characterizes container transport.

• Working step 4: identification of a concrete implementation initiative relevant for EUSALP The content of the report follows the main working steps of the study. It shows that: there is a difference between intermodal flows linked to maritime traffic and those that are only continental (results of the data collection work are listed). The reasons for the lack or excess of empty containers are reviewed, whereas it characterizes the stakeholders in intermodal transport, some of whom may act to improve the situation with empty intermodal units. The possible actions that may be taken to tackle issues with empty intermodal units and their storage are also indicated, providing also an outlook indicator about the viability and the limits of each method. The report also lists the motivation for action and the strength of the position of the key stakeholders in intermodal transport, that may be then linked to which actions they could actually take. A significant input to the study was provided by four dialogue events, whose main outputs are summarized in the report, before conclusions and recommendations are provided in the final chapter.

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2.5.3 EUSALP AG4 Overview of existing pricing components that influence the competitiveness between road and rail freight transport

The overview of existing pricing components provides an overall analysis of existing policy-induced pricing components affecting the competitiveness between road and rail freight transport in and through the Alps with a focus on vehicles operating costs. There is generally agreement that achieving ‘fair and efficient pricing’ is a key step in rebalancing the use of different transport modes. However, the way this is turned into practice is far from straightforward. EUSALP AG4 wants to take an integrated perspective and aims at the development of a comprehensive instrument mix which supports modal shift, considering pricing components that support a better level playing field between road and rail freight transport and a streamlining of policy approaches (integrated pricing). Overall, an integrated pricing approach should lead to a more transparent pricing for road and rail transport and, for both road and rail, should set incentives to pick-up innovative and low-emission technologies.

2.5.4 EUSALP AG4 Discussion paper on Secondary Networks

The EUSALP Action Plan in its Action 4 points to the vital importance of regional and local transport links, also referred to as secondary network. Secondary networks are crucial in connecting territories of the Alpine Region to the corridors of the Trans-European Transport Network (TEN-T) and thus, to contribute to the economic development of the Alpine Region as well as to guarantee the interconnection between urban and remote Alpine areas. Against this general background, this in- depth study is initiated within the remit of EUSALP Action 4, with the objective to investigate the state of secondary transport networks and of the requirements needed for their improvement, in acknowledgment of the interdependence, multiplicity and multi-modal structure of these connections. With the economic, social and environmental needs of the EUSALP regions and the objectives of Action 4 in mind, two main thematic areas to be investigated in the context with the secondary network are extracted:

• Thematic area 1: The impacts of the secondary network on accessibility and possible measures to maintain and improve it, with view to economy and society.

• Thematic area 2: The impacts of the secondary network on environment and climate, including possible measures for improvement, in particular by modal shift.

2.5.5 EUSALP AG4 Transport and Mobility Conflict Map

The aim of the EUSALP AG4 Mobility and Transport CONFLICT MAP is to identify the most important challenges and conflicts of transport and mobility in the Alpine Region and to visualize them by means of concrete examples. The development of the CONFLICT MAP is part of the activity on public acceptance of modal shift of the AG4 Work Plan and pursues the aim of informing the wider public about the complexity and importance of the topic on transport and mobility in the Alpine Region. In order to identify the main challenges and conflicts related to transport and mobility in the Alpine Region, the members of the AG4, amongst them representatives of regional and national public

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administrations, as well as stakeholders and civil society organizations were invited to bring forward concrete examples of conflicts and measures in the field of transport and mobility in their region/state. Based on these inputs, nine core topics were identified. Amongst them: air and noise pollution, the impact of transport infrastructure on landscape and nature, connectivity and accessibility, increasing transport volumes leading to congestion, sustainable transport infrastructure, social conflicts caused by the lack of stakeholder involvement, traffic caused by tourism in the Alpine Region as well as common measures to support modal shift. The CONFLICT MAP is an interactive tool which can be further developed to include additional examples brought forward by stakeholders and interested parties in the Alpine Region. A comprehensive map allows the AG4 to identify shared conflicts and challenges along different areas of the Alpine territory and to develop a common approach beyond COMMON MEASURES the regional and national borders to tackle these issues. Moreover, the visualization of the conflicts and challenges provides an insight into the complexity of the topic which lies mainly in the difficulty to find the right balance between sustainable social, economic and ecological development of the Alpine Region, part of the role of the AG4.

2.5.6 EUSALP AG4 Study on External Costs in mountain areas

Coordinated modal-shift policies in the Alpine region build on the common understanding that the Alpine region faces over-proportional environmental impacts from freight and passenger transport. However, the scientific basis on external costs in mountain areas has not been updated recently and a basic piece of information is missing for the design of common policy instruments (especially for a common approach on pricing systems). Furthermore, the internalization of external cost of transalpine transport re- mains a major claim and challenge in the context of a coordinated modal shift approach. In order to have robust figures, it is important to provide a scientific basis for external cost in alpine areas, namely the so-called mountain factors. Therefore, the EUSALP AG4 commissioned a study to evaluate and update these factors based on the analysis of existing research and monitoring studies. The aim of the study is to provide a scientific basis for external cost in Alpine areas by updating the previous study GRACE (2006) and thus to validate and update the mountain factors for road and rail freight, with the focus on the Gotthard and Brenner corridor. The study focused on the cost categories air pollution, noise, nature and landscape, accidents and climate change and provides new mountain factors which represent a necessary basis in the argumentation on the adjustment of tolls on mountain corridors with regard to the revision and following implementation of the Eurovignette Directive. The outcome of the study informs that the mountain factor in on average 4 times higher in mountainous areas.

2.6. E-SMART SYNERGIES WITH JRC REPORT ON E-CS LOCATION

The European commission regards alternative fuels an important option to sustainable mobility in Europe. The clean power for transport package, adopted in 2013, aims to foster the development of a single market for alternative fuels for transport in Europe. It contains a communication laying out a comprehensive European alternative fuels’ strategy [COM(2013)17] for the long-term substitution of oil as an energy source in all modes of transport. the directive on the deployment of alternative fuels infrastructure (2014/94/EU) requires member states to develop national policy frameworks for the market development of alternative fuels and their infrastructure, among other elements. JRC in 2013 developed a study that presents a GIS (geographic information system) methodology, based on open source tools that may assist national authorities to allocate charging stations for electric

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vehicles (EVS) in urban environments, rural road networks, and highways. The aim of the proposed methodology is to provide optimal locations of EV infrastructure (charging stations) within a spatially extended region. Two different cases were identified: placement in a city network (urban road network) and placement in a regional or national network (rural roads and highways). For a city and a regional network, the methodology identifies high-potential areas for the installation of charging stations. In contrast, for a highway network the methodology provides explicitly the suggested locations: the charging stations should preferably be placed in already built areas, gas stations or rest areas, to minimize additional investment costs. A pilot study was made for the city of Bolzano/Bozen (city road network) and the province of Alto Adige/Südtirol (rural and highway network). The results of the study were highly appreciated by the municipality and the province. Particular characteristics of the methodology are its versatility and ease of use. The methodology can be easily implemented by local or regional authorities as it relies mainly on data readily available to them.

As in many previous studies, the critical issue is data availability. Local authorities and network operators have to assist in the collection of required data that are difficult to find from other sources. Typical information required is residential data, parking places, electricity network, and already installed charging points. The methodology described in the report can also be used to support the implementation of the Directive on the Deployment of Alternative Fuels Infrastructure, thereby assisting Member States to enhance deployment of EVs and their recharge infrastructure. Regarding the analysis of the highway network, the methodology could provide additional input in studies that analyze the interconnection of highway corridors across member states throughout Europe.

2.7. e-SMART SYNERGIES WITH JRC REPORT ON DSO OBSERVATORY

The JRC Science for Policy Report “Distribution System Operators Observatory Report 2018 - Overview of the electricity distribution system in Eu- rope” presents an extended review of the situation of the European electricity Distribution System Operators after the first exercise undertaken in 2016. The report is based on information directly supplied by 991 (out of 191) DSOs serving more than 100,000 customers and focuses on the technical and regulatory changes affecting them. In recent years, in fact, renewable energy sources (RES) have been widely installed in Europe, encouraged by inviting financial schemes to put in place in several Member States. Policies and incentives were tailored somehow to increase the percentage of renewable production according to the European target and specially to foster the emerging "renewables" market in terms of technological maturity, innovation and "green" jobs. This increase of RES connections has found however the distribution systems in certain Member States unprepared: distribution systems were in fact conceived more than half a century ago with the main scope of passively dispense electricity from the transmission grid to the final consumers. Due to it, distribution grids were usually oversized in terms of transfer capacity and not really automated nor digitalized. The "fit and forget" approach, adopted to connect new consumers and generators to the grid, proved however not to be suitable in the emerging scenario characterized by: distributed generators in large extent renewable connected to the distribution grids; moving electric vehicles which request high power peaks to be recharged in a fast manner; and consumers more actively interacting with the system, for instance through their electrical consumption of heating and cooling. The report can provide to e-SMART partners a complete scheme of the international framework on

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DSO.

2.8 e -SMART SYNERGIES WITH EU COMMISSION REPORT IN SUPPORT TO DAFI IMPLEMENTATION

The main environmental goal of Europe is represented by the reduction of the global GHG emission and the transport sector plays a main role in the achievement of this objective. In fact, the Commission’s White Paper proposed a reduction of 60% in greenhouse gas emissions from transport by 2050, as measured against the 1990 levels. The use of alternative/clean fuels is one of the actions that produce the most significant effects, mainly in the reduction of GHG emissions in transport. This objective of the “Clean Transport - Support to the Member States for the Implementation of the Directive on the Deployment of Alternative Fuels Infrastructure“7 report is to help member state to break over the- dependence of European transport on oil and to introduce the necessary1 alternative fuels infrastructure. In 2012, transport in Europe was 94 % de- pendent on oil, 86 % of it being imported (DG MOVE - Expert group on future transport fuels - State of the Art on Alternative Fuels Transport Systems, 2015). The build-up of alternative fuel infrastructure will contribute to economic growth and support job creation in a sector of growing importance for Eu- rope and worldwide. This will improve the competitiveness of EU industry in the fields of alternative fuel technologies for all modes of transport – in particular the automotive and shipping industries. The build-up of a European alternative fuels’ infrastructure will also allow for free movement of goods and persons, with vehicles running on alternative fuels across the whole EU. This will facilitate the development of a single EU market for alternative fuels and vehicles which will permit the industry to benefit from economies of scale.

The policy framework in the field of alternative fuels is mainly defined by European Union, in particular with:

• Europe 2020 Strategy. COM 2010 (2020); • Reports of the European Expert Group on "Future Transport Fuels” (First: January 2011; Second: December 20113 ; Third: 2015, July4); • 2011 White Paper on Transport. COM 144 (2011); • Clean Power for Transport Package (alternative fuels for sustainable mobility in Europe). COM 17 (2013), and COM 18 (2013); • Directive 2014/94/EU (Directive, in the following) on the deployment of alternative fuels infrastructure, adopted by the European Parliament and the Council on 22 October 2014, defines alternative fuels as fuels or power sources which serve, at least partly, as a substitute for fossil oil sources in the energy supply to transport and which have the potential to contribute to its decarbonization and enhance the environmental performance of the transport sector (article 2 of the directive). The Directive promotes the use of private investments rather than public resources for the development of the alternative fuel infrastructure and introduces the following main measures:

1 https://ec.europa.eu/transport/sites/transport/files/themes/urban/studies/doc/2016-01- alternative-fuels- implementation-good-practices.pdf

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o Minimum levels of infrastructure across the EU – Member States are required to submit to the Commission national policy frameworks and to deploy minimum levels of infrastructure – refuelling and recharging points – for alternative fuels such as electricity, hydrogen and natural gas. The targets and objectives which Member States will set themselves will be published by the Commission. The Directive requires the Commission to assess the national policy frameworks and their coherence at Union level, including whether national targets and objectives are sufficient to deliver a critical mass of infrastructure or whether mandatory targets at EU level – as had been originally proposed by the Commission – will be needed;

o EU wide standards for the infrastructure - Common EU wide standards are essential for the development of alternative fuels. The agreement requires the use of common plugs for electric vehicles and standardized refuelling equipment for hydrogen and natural gas as well as the development of future standards for wireless recharging points, battery swapping technology and standardized plugs for buses and motorcycles. This will end the uncertainty that has been con- straining supply and demand;

o Clear consumer information to facilitate use of alternative fuels – Clear and easy to understand information should be provided on the fuels available at refuelling stations and on the compatibility of the vehicle with different fuels or recharging points on the market in the European Union. Key information concerning the availability of recharging and refuelling points and any other information necessary for EU-wide mobility should be included, where applicable, within traffic and travel information services as part of the ITS. Last but not least, the Directive includes provisions regarding information enabling price comparison between different fuels;

Changes in the current national regulatory frameworks and intervention programs for the development of the alternative fuels in the transport sector are needed in order to create the conditions for fuel suppliers and distributors to invest in this sector. The initial costs for alternative fuels infrastructure are generally higher than those of petroleum-based fuels, especially due to the lack of economies of scale and the small number of circulating vehicles ("chicken and egg" problem). There is a vicious circle whereby investors do not invest in infrastructure as there is an insufficient number of alternative fuels vehicles and vessels, while the manufacturing industry does not offer alternative fuels vehicles and vessels at competitive prices as demand is low, since consumers do not purchase alternative fuels vehicles and vessels as the alternative fuel infrastructure is lacking. Coordinated policy frameworks in all Member States would provide the long-term security required for private and public investment in vehicle and fuel Good Practice Examples technology, and infrastructure build-up. The result of this process could be reflected in minimizing dependence on oil and on mitigating the environmental impact of transport. Coordination among national policy frameworks and their coherence at Un- ion level could be supported by cooperation between Member States and the Commission by means of exchange of information and good practices among Member States in the alternative fuels infrastructure deployment and management.

The report defines that in the elaboration of the national policy frameworks, the following aspects could be taken into account:

• needs of the different transport modes existing on the territory of the Member State concerned;

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• maturity level and level of dissemination of the alternative fuel and related technology and infrastructure in the Member State and at European and worldwide level. This means to acknowledge the different stages of development of each fuel technology, with reference to each transport mode, also considering the maturity of business models for private investors and the availability and user acceptance of alternative fuels; • identification of national targets and objectives in close cooperation with regional and local authorities and with industry concerned, taking into account the needs of small and medium-sized enterprises; • designation of urban/suburban agglomerations, of densely populated areas and of networks which are to be equipped with electric recharging points and CNG refueling points; assessment of the need to install LNG refueling points in ports outside the TEN-T Core Network and install electricity supply at airports for use by stationary airplanes; • cooperation with neighboring Member States, at regional or macroregional level, to guarantee continuity of alternative fuels infrastructure coverage across national borders or the construction of new infrastructure in proximity of national borders; • identification of possible supporting measures to create the necessary conditions to invest in the alternative fuel sector and to ensure that national targets defined can be reached.

3.LESSON LEARNED

Multiple studies have been performed in the European framework in order to support a quick and robust deployment of e-mobility and in particular in the frame of the smart cities’ framework. Co-creation procedures and innovative governance model for mobility and energy issues have been tested in different countries. Living lab approaches is also an innovative approach that have been tested in multiple cities. Strong cooperation and capitalization of results and stakeholder involvement with previous and active EU financed project can pave the path for e-SMART ambitious objectives.

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ANNEX 0 – TABLE WITH DETAILS ON EU FOUNDED RESEARCH PROJECT CONNECTED TO E-SMART

Project name Description Project name ALPInnoCT Project website https://www.alpine-space.eu/projects/alpinnoct/en/home (URL) Lead Partner bavarian state ministry of housing, building and transport (stmb) e-mail address [email protected] Type of Funding project INTERREG Alpine Space Programme (H2020, INTERREG, national funds, etc,) Project Starting/Closing November 2016 - October 2019 date Project objective The Alps are a sensitive ecosystem to be protected from pollutant emissions & climate change. Continued growth in freight traffic volume leads to environmental problems. These trends reinforce the need to review existing transport & develop innovative models to protect the Alpine Space as set out e.g. in the EU White Paper 2011. EUSALP set the aim to strengthen ecological transport & establish more efficient freight transport corridors. But often the efficiency of Combined Transport (CT) is low. Therefore, the project Alpine Innovation for Combined Transport (AlpInnoCT) tackles the main challenge to raise CT efficiency & productivity. The application of production industry knowhow (which is ideal to improve processes) in CT is a new approach which includes an analysis of existing strategies, policies & processes focusing on CT, thus, AlpInnoCT contributes to a sustainable system with an easier access to CT & fosters the utilization of this low-carbon transport method. Logistics service providers will benefit from improved processes & an easier CT access. Wagon & semitrailer producers obtain insights into CT innovations. NGOs & institutions get a dialogue platform to state their interests and awareness about CT innovations. Politicians & decision makers will be better prepared to set the future CT framework with regards to environment. As transport happens in an AS network, the project contents are developed in a unique transnational public-private partnership. The project main objectives are: • the improvement of processes and cooperation in CT networks • The integration of innovative approaches fostering modal shift from road to rail • The enhancement of knowledge and reinforcement

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Project name Description of participation possibilities for each stakeholder in freight transport Project main findings • Description of the state of the art of the European and contributions transport system with focus on CT • Recommendations for an ideal CT-model concept by transfer of production industry knowhow • Guideline for the integration of innovative intermodal approaches into daily CT business • Alpine wide dialogue platform with dialogue events as information exchange brings together all stakeholders & target groups • Toolbox of Action (Handbook) Main link with e- Main links on LML (Last Mile Freight Logistic), focus on: SMART • analysis of existing strategies for Combined Transport for freight • Guideline for the integration of innovative intermodal approaches into daily CT business • Toolbox of Action e-SMART Link Score 7

Project name Description Project name TalkNET- TRANSPORT AND LOGISTICS STAKEHOLDERS NETWORK Project website https://www.interreg- (URL) central.eu/Content.Node/TalkNET.html Lead Partner North Adriatic Sea Port Authority e-mail address Silvia Baldassin: [email protected] James Orlandi: [email protected] Claudia Forzan: [email protected] Type of Funding project INTERREG Central Europe (H2020, INTERREG, national funds, etc,) Project Starting/Closing June 2017- May 2020. date Project objective In order to strengthen environmentally friendly multimodal transport in central Europe it is essential to develop harmonised mechanisms of cooperation among freight transport stakeholders. The TalkNET project will encourage and improve coordination among key stakeholders to strengthen the integration between ports, inland terminals, transport operators and policy makers. Multimodality optimization and eco-innovation solutions will be in the focus of the project as the two main fields of cooperation to establish transnational stakeholders' networks for freight transport. Project actions will support investments on last mile connections, terminal management efficiency, new intermodal services and on the deployment of alternative

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Project name Description fuels and energy efficiency solutions. Project main findings In order to achieve harmonised mechanisms of cooperation and contributions among freight transport stakeholders to strengthen environmentally friendly multimodal transport in central Europe, TalkNET will develop specific outputs: tools, action plans, pilot actions and trainings. Multimodality optimization and ECO-innovation solution are the two main field of cooperation identified by the project to establish transnational networks of stakeholders for freight transport innovation. In particular, outputs will support investments on five sub-fields of project actions: MULTIMODALITY OPTIMIZATION o last mile connections o terminal managment efficiency o new intermodal services ECO-INNOVATION SOLUTIONS o deployment of alternative fuels o energy efficiency solutions Main link with e- Main links on LML (Last Mile Freight Logistic), focus on: SMART MULTIMODALITY OPTIMIZATION o last mile connections o new intermodal services ECO-INNOVATION SOLUTIONS o deployment of alternative fuels o energy efficiency solutions e-SMART Link Score 7

Project name Description Project name MultiAPPRO - Multidisciplinary approach and solutions to development of intermodal transport in region Project website https://multiappro.adrioninterreg.eu/ Lead Partner Intermodal Transport Cluster e-mail address [email protected] Type of Funding project Interreg ADRION Programme (H2020, INTERREG, national funds, etc,) Project Starting/Closing 2018-02-01 – 2020-01-31 date Project objective The European Commission has launched a Freight Transport Logistic Action Plan (COM(2007) 607) that is proposing a series of measures to promote the freight transport logistics, make intermodal transportation more competitive, create a framework which will allow European ports to attract investment for their modernization, put maritime freight transport on an equal footing with other transport modes and review progress made in development of sustainable mobility. Based on that plan, project MultiAPPRO combines different approaches to reach most

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Project name Description of the goals highlighted by the EC. Therefore, overall objective of the project is the development of intermodal transport in Adriatic-Ionian region. The first approach is focused on systematic collection and providing solutions to all bottlenecks, both on national and regional level. Since White Paper (COM(2011) 144 final) of EC identifies promotion as one of the priority activities in transport development, the next approach innovatively and systematically performs promotion of the intermodal transport in the region and also creates a network of promotional centres. Furthermore, to assure high quality services, project design specific port quality measures indicators. Investments in the transport infrastructure require exceptional financial means. These are capital projects, in which costs rationalisation is the key for the future competitiveness of that direction. MultiAPPRO project thus create a model, that is able to measure the effect of each new investment, in relation to the existing situation, in a simple and logical way. Hence, it will be possible to bring objective and rational decisions about future investments in intermodal infrastructure, in the area of the entire Adriatic-Ionian region. Project main findings Given the above, project outputs include development of and contributions two supported transnational cooperation networks: • Intermodal Transport Network composed of partner representatives, national authorities and experts working on activities to improve regional intermodal transport • Promotion network as well as an SSS and MoS promotion action plan and a Transport Performance Strategy that will encourage establishment of new Promotion Centres into coordinated work of already existing Centres within European Shortsea Network. Furthermore, SSS and MoS promotion action plan will serve as a strategic document for performing common promotion campaign and finally, Transport Performance Strategy will enable actors to define the effect of any investment by defining the strategy and action plan for future investments in the region. Main link with e- Main links on LML (Last Mile Freight Logistic), focus on: SMART • Transport Performance Strategy evaluation criteria for LML • Model able to measure the effect of each new investment e-SMART Link Score 7

Project name Description Project name OptiTruck Project website https://optitruck.eu/

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Project name Description Lead Partner Ertico e-mail address [email protected] Type of Funding project H2020 (H2020, INTERREG, national funds, etc,) Project Starting/Closing September 2016 to August 2019 date Project objective The automotive industry has made a substantial effort in recent years to develop powertrain technologies to improve the fuel efficiency of Heavy-Duty Vehicles (HDVs). However, due to increasing road freight traffic, projections indicate that total HDV energy use and CO2 emissions are expected to remain stable at the current level over the long term, if no policy action is taken. This is clearly incompatible with the goal of reducing greenhouse gas emissions from transport by around 60% below 1990 levels by 2050. The goal of optiTruck is to bring together the most advanced technologies from powertrain control and intelligent transport systems in order to achieve a global optimum for consumption of fuel (at least 20% reduction) as well as other energy sources and consumables while achieving Euro VI emission standards for heavy duty road haulage (40t). Project main findings • Develop demonstrators to be tested in real and contributions environment: i.e. trucks equipped with real-time emission monitoring connected together with other sensors or data sources to the powertrain control unit of the truck for further processing (data fusion/predictive module) (to be on-line with Euro VI) • Develop predictive intelligent modules based on predictive navigation and other environmental data • Develop software for the fusion and the optimisation of engine calibration mapping and powertrain control • Carry out real-environment trials with two demonstrators. o One truck equipped with the current state-of- the-art techniques to collect the consumptions of fuel and other consumables to be used as the baseline data; o One truck equipped with the proposed system to demonstrate on real road the reduction of fuel and emissions under different transport missions. • Undertake validation and impact assessment to show the minimum 20% fuel reduction • Develop strategies for larger deployment of the proposed system within and beyond the project Main link with e- Main links on LML (Last Mile Freight Logistic), focus on: SMART • Validated impact assessment procedure for LML

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Project name Description • Develop predictive intelligent modules based on predictive navigation and other data e-SMART Link Score 9

Project name Description Project name LOGISTAR - Enhanced data management techniques for real time logistics planning and scheduling Project website https://logistar-project.eu/ Lead Partner DeustoTech e-mail address [email protected] Type of Funding project H2020 (H2020, INTERREG, national funds, etc,) Project Starting/Closing Jun 2018- Jun 2021 date Project objective LOGISTAR is aimed at allowing effective planning and optimizing of transport operations in the supply chain by taking advantage of horizontal collaboration relying on the increasingly real-time data gathered from the interconnected environment. For this, a real-time decision-making tool and a real-time visualization tool of freight transport will be developed, with the purpose of delivering information and services to the various agents involved in the logistic supply chain, i.e. freight transport operators, their clients, industries and other stakeholders such as warehouse or infrastructure managers. Project main findings LOGISTAR is aimed at allowing effective planning and and contributions optimizing of transport operations in the supply chain by taking advantage of horizontal collaboration relying on the increasingly real-time data gathered from the interconnected environment. For this, a real-time decision-making tool and a real-time visualization tool of freight transport will be developed, with the purpose of delivering information and services to the various agents involved in the logistic supply chain, i.e. freight transport operators, their clients, industries and other stakeholders such as warehouse or infrastructure managers. Main link with e- Main links on LML (Last Mile Freight Logistic), focus on: SMART • effective planning and optimizing of transport operations in the supply chain • real-time visualization tool of freight transport e-SMART Link Score 9

Project name Description Project name EUMERCI Project website https://www.synchronet.eu//

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Project name Description Lead Partner RSE e-mail address [email protected] Type of Funding project H2020 (H2020, INTERREG, national funds, etc,) Project Starting/Closing 02-2016 – 1/2018 date Project objective EU-MERCI stands for EU coordinated MEthods and procedures based on Real Cases for the effective implementation of policies and measures supporting energy efficiency in the Industry. Its main aim has been to provide industrial enterprises and policy makers with best practices and tools to increase the competiveness of the EU industry by improving the efficient use of energy. EU-MERCI has identified good practices of implementation of energy efficiency projects, drawing from the experience of thousands real cases of application of energy efficiency support schemes in Europe, in order to support the effective implementation of the EU Energy Efficiency Directive. The collected case studies, disseminated through an extensive capacity building action, will allow industrial enterprises to catch the opportunities related to energy efficiency actions. Besides, the analysis of the existing energy efficiency support schemes will help policy makers in designing new support schemes or improving the existing ones. The lessons learnt from countries with consolidated energy efficiency schemes in place will be transferred to countries less advanced. A stakeholder community dealing with industrial energy efficiency policies and actions will be created, to accelerate and facilitate the path toward the 2030 energy efficiency targets. Project main findings The main EU-MERCI products and tools: and contributions • library, with energy efficiency good practices divided per manufacturing process phase for the main industrial sectors; • database, with all collected industrial energy efficiency good practices; • sectorial factsheets; • sectoral & country analysis. Main link with e- Main links focus on: SMART • Data Management (comparing libraries and DB); • Project legacy: follower management e-SMART Link Score 4

Project name Description Project name CITY-LOG Project website http://www.city-log.eu/

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Project name Description Type of Funding project FP7- 2008 - TRANSPORT - SST - Urban freight delivery (H2020, INTERREG, systems national funds, etc,) Project Starting/Closing 01/2010 - 12/2012 date Project objective The CityLog project aims at increasing the sustainability and the efficiency of urban delivery of goods through an adaptive and integrated mission management and innovative vehicle solutions. Three action domains have been identified to improve today’s city logistic system: • logistic-oriented telematics services are expected to give a decisive contribution to improve mission planning processes through an optimized routing and drivers’ support systems. Towards the final customers, tracking and communication capabilities should be deployed to reduce the number of unsuccessful deliveries; • vehicle technologies will represent a key factor to increase the operational flexibility of lorries and vans. It means that the vehicles shall be requested to support different mission profiles, and this will allow to reduce their number. In other words, what should be achieved is the interoperability among the vehicles, especially in terms of load unit handling; • innovative load units are being carefully designed to operate, like the vehicles, in different missions. Therefore, a re-configurable internal layout will enable different uses either as simple container or mobile pack station (BentoBox concept). In the latter case, the goal is the de-synchronization of the delivery process between operators and final customers in order to reduce the unsuccessful deliveries. The innovative approach of CityLog will lead to decrease the number and optimise the use of delivery trucks in urban areas, while bringing an increased quality of services. From the logistics operator point of view the ground-breaking CityLog solutions and technologies are of highest interest due to the increased energy efficiency and quality of services. Project main findings The whole project aimed at integrating consolidated and contributions technologies to implement new tools and functionalities. More in details: • As a first action, the main trends in city logistics have been analysed before starting the collection of the stakeholder need; the consortium worked to extract the most significant use cases to be used as a basis for the implementations;

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Project name Description • Focusing on the ICT tools, the four proposed solutions – pre-trip planner, ad hoc maps, dynamic assisted navigation and last mile parcel tracking – have been well described and then integrated in a common architecture. Main link with e- Main links on LML (Last Mile Freight Logistic), focus on: SMART • main trends analysis in city logistics & results of the collection of stakeholder needs; • on ICT tools side, the four proposed solutions analysis and integration scheme. • Methodology&results of the optimization of the use of delivery trucks in urban areas e-SMART Link Score 7

Project name Description Project name DESTINATION - Conoscere il trasporto delle merci pericolose come strumento di tutela del territorio Project website www.regione.piemonte.it/web/progetti?tema=50 Type of Funding project Italy/Switzerland Operational Programme for Trans-frontier (H2020, INTERREG, Cooperation 2007– 2013 national funds, etc,) Lead Partner Regione Piemonte -Direzione Ambiente e-mail address [email protected] Project Starting/Closing 2010 to 05//2014 date Project objective DESTINATION was born to answer to the increasing needs of public bodies to share data on hazardous material land transportation and to develop instruments and methodologies to ensure territorial and environmental protection. Project main findings The main result of the DESTINATION project is the and contributions definition of a risk analysis model of dangerous goods transport (DGT) by road, which constitutes the basis to a shared information system called GIIS (Global Integrated Information System), including environmental, territorial and technical data relevant to meeting local authorities’ and private stakeholders’ needs: • supporting decision making processes and guideline definition related to DGT (preventive safety); • assisting DGT companies through real-time monitoring (active safety); • mitigating human and environmental impacts in the case of accidents with specific functionalities aimed at emergency assessment and management (passive safety).. Main link with e- Main links on LML (Last Mile Freight Logistic), focus on:

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Project name Description SMART • supporting decision making processes (in the project applied to DGT, in e-SMART to be extended to all the LML) • real-time monitoring tests (in the project applied to DGT, in e-SMART to be extended to all the LML) • guideline definition related to DGT (in e-SMART to be extended to all the LML) e-SMART Link Score 5

Project name Description Project name PTA-DESTINATION - Shared cross border routes Project website http://www.ptadestination.net Type of Funding project Italy/Switzerland Operational Programme for Trans-frontier (H2020, INTERREG, Cooperation 2007– 2013 national funds, etc,) Lead Partner Regione Lombardia e-mail address [email protected] Project Starting/Closing Start:01-04-2014 – end: 31-12-2015 date Project objective The PTA-DESTINATION project wants to enrich the dataset available on the platform developed in the previous project PTA, in order to fine-tune the risk analysis methodology and to optimize GIIS functionalities. One of the aims of the PTA-DESTINATION project is also to implement some Mobile Applications to visualize DGT risk maps and to evaluate the damage areas in case of accident to support emergency assessment and management. Project main findings The expected results from PTA-DESTINATION actions are and contributions the following: • enhance preventive safety functionalities, by taking advantage of information gathered by monitoring network (active safety); • supporting more flexible custom elaborations, taking into account actual specific characteristics of areas from the point of view of both factors of danger and vulnerability; • disseminating PTA-DESTINATION outputs, conveying them to citizen in simplified/aggregated mobile applications to use the GIIS in preventive safety and as a support tool for the active and passive safety; • expand the number of potential GIIS users as real time tool for PAs and transporters; • ensuring integration of GIIS with info-mobility tools. PTA-DESTINATION project actions could allow to consider dangerous good transport risk assessment Main link with e- Main links on LML (Last Mile Freight Logistic), focus on: SMART • the risk analysis methodology danger and

This project is co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund through the Interreg Alpine Space programme. 48

Project name Description vulnerability analysis, as a part of the toolkit and roadmap. e-SMART Link Score 7

Project name Description Project name e-MOTICON - e-Mobility Transnational strategy fon an Interoperable Community and Networking in the Alpine Space Project website https://www.alpine-space.eu/projects/e-moticon/en/home Lead Partner RSE e-mail address [email protected] Type of Funding project INTERREG Alpine Space Programme (H2020, INTERREG, national funds, etc,) Project Starting/Closing 01/11/2016 - 31/06/2019 date Project objective e-MOTICON overall objectives are: • to contribute to the homogeneous diffusion of Electric Mobility throughout the Alpine Space, providing a transnational strategy for seamless use of electric vehicles and charging spots with an integrated approach supported by Public Administrations. The strategy, based on best practices of interoperability and on a European roaming framework, will be used in planning Electric Charging Stations with public access and will contribute to increase options for low carbon mobility in the Alpine Space; • to develop sound integrated strategy for the deployment of a homogeneous Alpine Space wide network of electric charging stations with an easy to use information and interoperable system (“e- roaming”); • to foster transnational interoperability and integrated planning of charging infrastructure; • to increase transnational Public Administrations cooperation on integrated planning of interoperable charging infrastructures. Project main findings Project partners upgrade and strengthen the existing and contributions knowledge of e-mobility and Electric –Charging Stations experience: • Elaborating data, information, scenarios and building networks for new objectives for the benefit of Public Administrations, business and final users, understanding the typical obstacles in the long- term planning of city concepts and preparing to overcome them. • Apply the knowledge obtained about citizen

This project is co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund through the Interreg Alpine Space programme. 49

Project name Description awareness and acceptance of new technologies and end user interaction schemes, to support the strategy. The intervention on Public Administrations to improve capacities. Main link with e- Many links connect e-MOTICON to e-SMART. This issue SMART will be focused in dedicated chapter below. Here are listed the main intervention areas: • Stasus quo analisys of charging infrastructure for Private e-mobility; • Business model analisys for charging infrastructure for Private e-mobility; • Strategy issue; • Tests outcomes of Pilot Action on Localization, Communication, ICT standards; • Ragional Action Plan for private e-mobility infrastructure planning outcomes; • Guidelines for private e-mobility infrastructure planning outcomes. e-SMART Link Score 9

Project name Description Project name ASTUS - Alpine Smart Transport and Urbanism Strategies Project website https://www.alpine-space.eu/projects/astus/en/home Lead Partner Auvergne-Rhone-Alps Region e-mail address [email protected] Type of Funding project INTERREG Alpine Space Programme (H2020, INTERREG, national funds, etc,) Project Starting/Closing 01/11/2016 -- 31/10/2019 date Project objective The overall objective of the project is to reduce in a long- term perspective the carbon impacts linked to daily trips in the Alps. Several major results have been reached within the project to assist alpine local authorities in identifying and adopting an adequate local low carbon strategy and action plan, in order to foster long term low carbon options. Project main findings Project specific results are: and contributions • Build a comparative, transnational typology of alpine territories. • Create transferable instruments and Decision- making tools assessing the impacts of potential alternative mobility solutions for any alpine regions willing to improve its CO2 footprint in the field of mobility. • Generate a transnational methodology for producing low CO2 scenarios and local action plans.

This project is co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund through the Interreg Alpine Space programme. 50

Project name Description • Produce final/concluding report with recommendations for reuse of project. Main link with e- Main links on data management and tools, focus on: SMART • comparative, transnational typology of alpine territories according (useful for multiple purpose and to select proper follower area) ; • Decision making tools for the assessing the impacts of potential alternative mobility solutions for any alpine regions (as a part of the toolkit and roadmap). e-SMART Link Score 8

Project name Description Project name ALPINFONET Project website http://www.alpinfonet.eu/ Lead Partner Bayerisches Staatsministerium des Innern, für Bau und Verkehr e-mail address [email protected] Type of Funding project INTERREG Alpine Space Programme (H2020, INTERREG, national funds, etc,) Project Starting/Closing 7/2012 – 6/2015 date Project objective A large majority of tourists in the Alpine Space arrive by motorised private transport, thus creating negative environmental impacts on the whole region. The lack of transnational information on sustainable mobility offers to/from and within the Alpine Space is one of the reasons why travellers hesitate to shift to more environmentally friendly modes of transport. AlpInfoNet aims to change this situation by providing comprehensive and reliable information about sustainable transport modes for tourists and residents on a transnational level. This is done by improving and connecting already existing information systems in transport and tourism. Project main findings In order to achieve the objective of providing easily and contributions accessible and clear information about environmentally friendly transport modes for tourists and residents, the following results will be created by the project: • A strategy for handling and promotion of sustainable mobility information; • A framework including contents of a Sustainable Mobility Information Service; • Procedures and standards for the exchange of data, ensuring the perennial integrity of data; • A roadmap for the modular implementation of a Sustainable Mobility Information Service;

This project is co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund through the Interreg Alpine Space programme. 51

Project name Description • A guideline for a secure political, commercial and legal framework for a Sustainable Mobility Information Service; • An Alpine-wide transferable concept for a transnational Sustainable Mobility Information Service. Main link with e- Main links on data management and tools (for toolkit), focus SMART on: • Procedures and standards for the exchange of data, ensuring the perennial integrity of data; • A roadmap for the modular implementation of a Sustainable Mobility Information Service. e-SMART Link Score 8

Project name Description Project name POLY5 - Polycentric Planning Models for Local Development in Territories interested by Corridor 5 and its TEN-T ramifications Project website http://www.alpine-space.org/2007- 2013/projects/projects/detail/POLY5/show/index.html Lead Partner Provincia di Torino e-mail address [email protected] Type of Funding project INTERREG Alpine Space Programme (H2020, INTERREG, national funds, etc,) Project Starting/Closing 01/09/2011 - 31/08/2014 date Project objective The Project aims to demonstrate that a Major transport infrastructure (as TEN T corridors) can be a local development opportunity for Alpine Space. In particular, the project work in order to promote a change in policy in order to enhance competitiveness and accessibility of alpine areas affected by major transport infrastructures. Project main findings The project acts on four activities: and contributions • Provides a shared knowledge base to identify possible development opportunities for the territories affected by a major transport infrastructure • Provides local stakeholders, communities and decision makers, with tools for better understand the potential of a well-integrated infrastructure • Tests some of the tools in specific areas, using the project cooperation area as a full-scale laboratory • Transfer a balanced, polycentric governance model for areas affected by major transport infrastructure in a shared and transnational framework. Main link with e- Main links on data management and tools (for toolkit), focus SMART on: • governance model –balanced and polycentric- for

This project is co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund through the Interreg Alpine Space programme. 52

Project name Description areas affected by major transport infrastructure; e-SMART Link Score 7

Project name Description Project name IMEAS - Integrated and Multi-level Energy models for the Alpine Space Project Website https://www.alpine-space.eu/projects/imeas/en/home Lead Partner Enea e-mail address [email protected] Type of Funding project INTERREG Alpine Space Programme (H2020, INTERREG, national funds, etc,) Project Starting/Closing 01/11/2016 - 31/12/2019 date Project objective IMEAS addresses common challenges on smart, sustainable and inclusive growth in the AS: • enhance knowledge on territorial energy systems; • boost policymaking, planning and decision-making; • improve capacity to select and use the right tools to develop/implement integrated energy plans/measures; • support Multi Level Governance; develop a low carbon/low emission economy making use of local resources. IMEAS integrates different governance entities and business sectors to support synergies in the AS between policies, actions, common methodologies and roadmaps for objectives beyond 2020. Project main findings The IMEAS approach aims at integrating the use of and contributions methodologies and tools to allow for a more consistent representation of energy flows and for comparison of models and data. Integrating means first sharing best practices and then creating new ones in order to support public and private entities in building low-carbon, innovative and efficient energy models in the Alpine region in the frame of a multi-approach that will enable the correct integration of different paths into a perspective multilevel governance. The project delivers three practical outputs: • A white paper describing the stakeholders network model; • A web platform where content tools and guidelines; • Integrated maps for the development of an efficient model for low-carbon energy production in IMEAS. Main link with e- Main links on energy data, data management and tools (for SMART toolkit), focus on: • knowledge on territorial energy systems • white paper describing the stakeholders network model;

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Project name Description • Integrated maps for the development of an efficient model for low-carbon energy production. e-SMART Link Score 8

Project name Description Project name STEVE - Smart-Taylored L-category Electric Vehicle demonstration in hEtherogeneous urbanuse-cases Project website http://www.steve-project.eu/index.php/en/ Lead Partner Infineon Austria e-mail address [email protected] Type of Funding project H2020 (H2020, INTERREG, national funds, etc,) Project Starting/Closing 01/11/2017 to 31/10/2020 date Project objective STEVE is developed as a steppingstone towards a vision of future mobility that provides sustainable, seamless, automated and personalised travel on demand. Congestion and Air Pollution are recurring problems of urban living which could be radically changed by a significant market penetration of EL-Vs (electrified L-category vehicles). With a multidisciplinary team - cities, industry, small and medium enterprise and academia- from 7 EU countries, supporting the idea of electromobility as a service, STEVE maximises the impact of urban demonstrations (Torino, Venaria, Calvià, Villach), generate data and support the necessary mind shift for a successful integration of next generation EL- Vs in the urban transport system. A gamification approach is chosen to facilitate EL-V usage; navigation systems and driver assistance systems enhance energy-efficient usage (speed, route). STEVE proposes a human-centric vision for EL-V-based mobility, using low-cost, aesthetically attractive and connected quadricycles, for the demonstration of urbane mobilityas a Service (MaaS). It has four main objectives: • detailed market analysis on EL-Vs and related services; • Implementation of new energy-efficiency and customer-oriented services; • Demonstration of the wide range of EL-V typologies and services; • Analysis of the operation of EL-Vs in real scenarios and policy recommendations. Project main findings STEVE runs four demonstrations in four different cities. and contributions Since each city has a different focus and differs in its objectives, a common methodology framework, which covers these prerequisites are established. The Assessment Plan inherit concepts from established

This project is co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund through the Interreg Alpine Space programme. 54

Project name Description methods (e.g., the FESTA and AMITRAN methodologies) and other EC projects (e.g., SilverStream), to derive a common method tailored on the objectives and needs of STEVE. The STEVE demonstration activities are based on a stepwise approach in order to realize its set of objectives. Two iterations are foreseen to learn from the experiments and apply the corrective actions along the course of the project. The scientific and technical objectives as well as the specific objectives of the STEVE cities affect different impact categories, namely environment, user behaviour and mobility Main link with e- Main links on governance tools and end user approach (for SMART toolkit), focus on: • Assessment Plan from established methods (e.g., the FESTA and AMITRAN methodologies) • gamification approach is chosen to facilitate EL-V usage e-SMART Link Score 8

Project name Description Project name PROMETEUS - PROMotion of E-mobiliTy in EU regionS Project website https://www.interregeurope.eu/prometeus/ Lead Partner Transport Malta e-mail address [email protected] Type of Funding project INTERREG Europe (H2020, INTERREG, national funds, etc,) Project Starting/Closing 1 Jan 2017 to 30 Jun 2021 date Project objective PROMETEUS tackle the themes of traffic emissions and high vehicle ownership by proposing action plans to further pave the way for increased uptake of electric modes of transport. The policy instrument addressed It is important to further focus on innovative technologies and promotion of sustainable means of transport in order to reduce greenhouse gas emission, pollution and noise. Poor availability of dedicated infrastructures and low user awareness are considered as major barriers to be addressed. PROMETEUS aims at overcoming such barriers and promoting e-mobility in five partner areas, through the improvement of policy instruments linked to Structural Funds, addressing the transition to a low-carbon economy (?)and linked to one of the following thematic objectives: • Supporting the shift towards a low-carbon economy in all sectors; • Promoting sustainable transport and improving network infrastructures;

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Project name Description • Strengthening research, technological development and innovation Project main findings The main findings are represented by and contributions • Good practice; • the structured interregional learning process that involves partners and groups of regional stakeholders that co-design the five regional Action Plans for the improvement of the policy instruments dedicated to e-mobility. Main link with e- Main links on governance tools (for toolkit), focus on: SMART • action plans for increased uptake of electric modes of transport • Good practices e-SMART Link Score 7

Project name Description Project name EV ENERGY - Electric Vehicles for City Renewable Energy Supply Project website https://www.interregeurope.eu/evenergy/ Lead Partner Green IT Amsterdam Region e-mail address [email protected] Type of Funding project INTERREG Europe (H2020, INTERREG, national funds, etc,) Project Starting/Closing 1 Jan 2017 to 30 Jun 2021 date Project objective European cities are advancing at rapid pace in the field of renewable energies and urban electric mobility. These are innovative and smart technologies that can contribute significantly to reducing greenhouse gas emissions and increase energy efficiency. Their intelligent integration into energy and mobility system is of high priority in our urban ecosystem. The EV Energy project aims to analyse, initiate and implement policies favouring sustainable energy and electric mobility systems in urban areas. It works with experienced cities and regions, transferring the most appropriate policies and good practices. The project focuses on three thematic areas: • Renewable energies • Electric mobility • Infrastructures (Smart grids, ICT, etc.) Project main findings EV Energy analyses and develops innovative policies that and contributions promote renewable energies, electric mobility and the use of ICT for their integration. Through interregional policy learning, the most appropriate policies are transferred to cities, regions and partner countries and implemented

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Project name Description subsequently. Identified best practices and policies are further disseminated for the benefit of the widest possible audience. Policy measures include: • Energy or mobility taxations • Parking and charging issues • Energy regulations • Grid connection costs Main link with e- Main links on governance tools (for toolkit), focus on: SMART • innovative policies that promote renewable energies, electric mobility and the use of ICT for their integration; • best practices and policies, on energy or mobility taxation. e-SMART Link Score 8

Project name Description Project name CEMOBIL Project website http://www.cemobil.eu/index.php?ID1=5&id=5&sprache1=en Lead Partner Klagenfurt e-mail address [email protected] Type of Funding project (H2020, LIFE Programme INTERREG, national funds, etc,) Project Starting/Closing 1 Sep 2010 to 31 Dec.2015 date Project objective The aim of the project was to achieve a significant reduction in air pollutants and CO2 emissions in the city centre of Klagenfurt on Lake Wörthersee by increasing the share of electric cars to 10% of all new registrations. The goal was to have at least 1,500 E-cars driving around Klagenfurt on Lake Wörthersee by 2015. The electricity was provided from renewable sources of energy in the form of eco-power vouchers. The acquisition of private E-vehicles was encouraged by special business models. 4 strategic targets havedefined within the project for E-mobility in Klagenfurt: - air pollution control - climate protection - noise reduction - innovation Project main Technical output: 35 E-passenger cars, 2 Utility vehicles, 10 findings and E-micro cars, 10 E-Scooters, 10 E-bikes, 1 E-bus, 1 solar contributions boat, 50 public and 50 private charging stations, 1 self- sufficient PV charging station General output: 3800 MWh eco-power vouchers, 3 PPP- models, marketing concepts, media campaigns, info days, information material, life cycle analysis, air quality and noise

This project is co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund through the Interreg Alpine Space programme. 57

Project name Description measurements, future scenarios, recommendations on road safety, user manual, site visits, website, newsletter, layman’s report, and an international congress Main link with e- Main links on governance (for toolkit), focus on: SMART • the definition of targets for achievement of significant reduction in air pollutants and CO2 emissions in the city e-SMART Link 7 Score

Project name Description Project name RECIPE – REliable power and time-ConstraInt-aware predictive management of etherogeneous Exascale systems Project website http://www.recipe-project.eu/ Lead Partner Politecnico di Milano e-mail address [email protected] Type of Funding project H2020 (H2020, INTERREG, national funds, etc,) Project Starting/Closing May 2018 – April 2021 date Project objective RECIPE provides a hierarchical runtime resource management infrastructure to optimise energy efficiency and minimise the occurrence of thermal hotspots, while enforcing the time constraints imposed by the applications, and ensuring reliability for both time-critical and throughput- oriented computation. Project main findings CHUV and IBTs provide effective exploitation avenues and contributions through industry-based use cases.

Main link with e- Main links on energy issue (for toolkit), focus on: SMART • the definition of data on energy infrastructure. e-SMART Link Score 5

Project name Description Project name PREPAIR - Po Regions Engaged to Policies of AIR Project website http://www.lifeprepair.eu/index.php/project/?lang=en Lead Partner Not avaialble e-mail address [email protected] Type of Funding project LIFE (H2020, INTERREG, national funds, etc,) Project 1 February 2017 to 31 January 2024 Starting/Closing

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Project name Description date Project objective PREPAIR aims at implementing the measures foreseen in the regional plans and in the Po Valley Aagreement at a larger scale so to strengthen the sustainability and durability of results. The IP actions are also extended to Slovenia in order to assess and reduce pollutants transportation also across the Adriatic Sea. Project main findings In order to further reduce the levels of background air and contributions pollution, all regions in Po Basin planned actions to be taken with the aim of reducing emissions over the next years. The main sectors where actions will be taken biomass burning, transportation of goods and passengers, domestic heating, industry and energy, agriculture. All the regional governments involved have their own Plans for the improvement of air quality, the project want to implement the measures of each regional plans and in the context of a larger scale, in order to strengthen the sustainability and durability of results Main link with e- Main links on governance issue (for toolkit), focus on: SMART • the definition of supra regional policies at a larger scale so to strengthen the sustainability and durability of results e-SMART Link Score 7

Project name Description Project name SEEV4-City – Smart clean Energy and Electric Vehicle for the Cities Project website https://www.seev4-city.eu/ Lead Partner AVERE – The EUROPEAN ASSOCIATION FOR ELECTROMOBILITY e-mail address [email protected] Type of Funding project INTERREG Nonrth See Region (H2020, INTERREG, national funds, etc,) Project Starting/Closing Not avaialble date Project objective The core of the SEEV4-City project is making a huge step forward in green city development by a smart combination of electric vehicles, renewable energy sources and ICT solutions. Its main objective is to demonstrate smart electric mobility solutions, integrating renewable-energy sources and encouraging take-up in cities. Project main findings SEEV4-City distinguishes itself from earlier smart charging and contributions and V2G initiatives with operational, long term pilots in 5 cities in 5 European countries. The project results are key enabler for: • innovative city development integrating clean electric transport services and renewable energy generation,

This project is co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund through the Interreg Alpine Space programme. 59

Project name Description • the introduction of new businesses for renewable energy and ultra-low emission mobility services, and • social acceptance studies, management guidelines and policy frameworks. The operational pilots exhibit the V2G potential at different scales, and aiming for the same three goals: • An increase in energy autonomy. • An increase of ultra-low emission kilometres. • Avoiding extra investments to make existing electrical grids compatible with an increase in electro mobility and local energy production. Main link with e- Main links on energy issue (for toolkit and roadmap), focus SMART on: • the new business model for renewable energy and ultra-low emission mobility services • demonstration of smart electric mobility solutions that integrate renewable-energy sources e-SMART Link Score 8

Project name Description Project name Alps2050 - Common Spatial Perspectives for the Alpine Area. Towards a Common Vision Project website https://www.espon.eu/Alps2050 Lead Partner Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, DE e-mail address [email protected] Type of Funding project ESPON (H2020, INTERREG, national funds, etc,) Project Starting/Closing November 2017 – November 2018 date Project objective Develop common spatial perspectives and a vision for the Alpine Area Project main findings The main project findings are represented by: and contributions • territorial vision and common spatial perspectives for the Alpine area, which can o indicate how developments in selected thematic fields can influence sustainable territorial development and enhance territorial resilience, including ecosystem functioning and biological diversity until 2050; o identify broader impacts of the main developments in the selected thematic fields on different types of territories in the Alpine area (e.g. rural areas, urban areas). • A set of maps and related data showing the current state in the Alps concerning the selected thematic fields mentioned above.

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Project name Description • A set of illustrations, projecting the possible development trends of the selected thematic fields until 2050. • A set of illustrations/schematic maps showing options for policy development for each of the selected thematic fields mentioned above. • Suggestions for more effective solutions for balanced sustainable development in the context of territorial cooperation as well as help to strengthen informal and formal cooperation between actors in a sustainable way. • Guidelines for the development of spatial perspectives and a spatial vision that can be used beyond the geographical scope of Alps 2050 by other European transnational cooperation areas (e.g. European macro- regions). Main link with e- Main links on governance issue (for toolkit), focus on: SMART • the new business model for renewable energy and ultra-low emission mobility services • Guidelines for the development of spatial perspectives and a spatial vision • maps showing options for policy development (as a model for other data); • clusterization of different types of territories in the Alpine area (to be adapted to energy and mobility issues). e-SMART Link Score 7

Project name Description Project name Sharing Cities - Building Smart Cities Together - Common Solutions for Shared Challenges Project website http://www.sharingcities.eu/ Lead Partner Greater London Authority e-mail address [email protected] Type of Funding project H2020 (H2020, INTERREG, national funds, etc,) Project Starting/Closing 01 01 2016 – 31.12.2020 date Project objective The Sharing Cities ‘lighthouse’ programme is a proving ground for a better, common approach to making smart cities a reality. By fostering international collaboration between industry and cities, the project seeks to develop affordable, integrated, commercial-scale smart city solutions with a high market potential. The project partners work in close cooperation with the European Innovation Partnership on Smart Cities and Communities and with other `lighthouse` consortia. Sharing Cities offers a

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Project name Description framework for citizen engagement and collaboration at local level, thereby strengthening trust between cities and citizens. The project draws on €24 million in EU funding. It aims to trigger €500 million in investment and to engage over 100 municipalities across Europe. The demonstration districts in ‘lighthouse’ cities Lisbon, London and Milan will implement replicable urban digital solutions and collaboration models. The Royal Borough of Greenwich in London, Porta Romana/Vettabbia in Milan and downtown Lisbon will retrofit buildings, introduce shared electric mobility services, and install energy management systems, smart lamp posts and an urban sharing platform through engaging with citizens. ‘Fellow’ cities Bordeaux, Burgas and Warsaw will co-develop, validate, or implement these solutions and models Project main findings The project goals are: and contributions • Aggregate demand and deploy smart city solutions • Deliver common and replicable innovative models • Attract external investment • Accelerate take-up of smart city solutions • Pilot energy efficient districts • Shift thinking irreversibly to local renewable energy sources • Promote new models of e-mobility • Successfully engage with citizens • Exploit ‘city data’ to maximum effect • Foster local level innovation, creation of new businesses and jobs Main link with e- Main links on governance issue (for toolkit), focus on: SMART • Innovative models for supporting collaboration between industry and cities; • Innovative models for supporting the shift to local renewable energy sources; • Citizens engagement models; • Management of ‘city data’ (privacy related issue) e-SMART Link Score 8

Project name Description Project name GrowSmarter - transforming cities for a smart, sustainable Europe Project website https://grow-smarter.eu/home/ Lead Partner STOCKHOLMS STAD e-mail address [email protected] Type of Funding project H2020 (H2020, INTERREG, national funds, etc,) Project 1 Jan 2015 to 31 Dec 2019 Starting/Closing

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Project name Description date Project objective In a rapidly urbanising world cities need to become smarter to respond to citizen needs and to reduce their environmental footprint. GrowSmarter brought together cities and industry to integrate and demonstrate ‘12 smart city solutions’ in energy, infrastructure and transport, to provide other cities with valuable insights on how they work in practice and opportunities for replication. The idea was to create a ready market for these smart solutions to support growth and the transition to a smart, sustainable Europe. Project main findings GrowSmarter stimulated city uptake of ‘smart solutions’ by and contributions using the three Lighthouse cities (Stockholm, Cologne and Barcelona) as a way to showcase 12 Smart City solutions: from advanced information and communication technology and better-connected urban mobility, to incorporating renewable energy sources directly into the city’s supply network. The 12 Smart City solutions from GrowSmarter are split into three areas of action: • Low energy district (energy retrofitting of buildings, smart building logistics, smart energy savings tenants, local renewable energy production) • Integrated infrastructures (smart lighting, lamppost and traffic post, new business models for district heating and cooling, smart waste collection, turning it into energy, big open data platfom) • Sustainable urban mobility (sustainable delivery, smart traffic managment, Alternative fuel-driven wehicles, smart mobility solution) Main link with e- Main links on data management, energy, governance SMART issues (for toolkit), focus on: • Low energy district (local renewable energy production) • Integrated infrastructures (big open data platfom) • Sustainable urban mobility (sustainable delivery, smart mobility solution) e-SMART Link Score 8

Project name Description Project name SynchroniCity - Discover the pioneer cities piloting global standards for a borderless IoT market Project website https://synchronicity-iot.eu/ Lead Partner AARHUS UNIVERSITET e-mail address [email protected] Type of Funding project H2020 (H2020, INTERREG, national funds, etc,) Project Not available Starting/Closing

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Project name Description date Project objective The opportunities presented by technology are endless. However, societies are still struggling to get long-lasting value out of it, contributing to local priorities. How do we ensure that technology respects our privacy, enables us to live in a more sustainable way and helps us lead a happier life? It has become clear that we need to rethink and improve our development of technology in order to create better living conditions for people. For this reason, we created SynchroniCity, opening up a global market, where cities and businesses develop IoT- and AI-enabled services through pilots to improve the lives of citizens and grow local economies. Project main findings The coordinated activity of the SynchroniCity community and contributions took steps in the establishment of a common technical foundation for all participating cities, based on the Open & Agile Smart Cities principles, nudging booming IoT markets together and setting up standards that can be easily used across smart cities and communities. The project also opens up the market and help businesses of all sizes to transparently compete and easily scale their products and solutions into new contexts. Main link with e- Main links on data management, governance issues (for SMART toolkit), focus on: • standards for businesses develop-IoT and AI- enabled services e-SMART Link Score 8

Project name Description Project name Triangulum – demonstrate, disseminate, replicate Project website http://www.triangulum-project.eu/ Lead Partner Fraunhofer IAO e-mail address [email protected] Type of Funding project H2020 (H2020, INTERREG, national funds, etc,) Project Starting/Closing Not available date Project objective The three-point project Triangulum is one of the European Smart Cities and Communities Lighthouse Projects, set to demonstrate, disseminate and replicate solutions and frameworks for Europe’s future smart cites. The Lighthouse Cities Manchester (UK), Eindhoven (NL) and Stavanger (NO) serve as testbeds for innovative projects focusing on sustainable mobility, energy, ICT and business opportunities. The project consortium combines interdisciplinary experience and expertise of partners from industry, research and municipalities who share the same

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Project name Description objective and commitment to develop and implement smart solutions in order to replicate them in the three follower cities Leipzig (D), Prague (CZ) and Sabadell (ES) as well as in the Observer City Tianjin (CHN). Project main findings The project main findings include: and contributions • demonstrate real smart city solutions and will facilitate and replicate them in our Follower Cities; • look beyond subsidies and demonstrate functioning business models and social value models for smart cities; • In order to minimise risks for future smart city investments, we will demonstrate and test our approaches making them measurable, traceable and thus “bankable”; • co-create smart cities with our citizens. We involve users in the process of development and improvement of smart city solutions, connecting civil society to ensure that our solutions are demand-driven and contribute towards real life improvement of our cities; • transfer knowledge about smart city implementation. The approach is to deliver smart city technologies and services is based on mutual learning and innovative forms of collaboration between city administrations, private sector corporations, civil society and research institutions; • seek to activate and enable entrepreneurs, SMEs and young talents by creating an attractive ecosystem and by co-creating smart districts and associated solutions; • develop and implement a smart city reference model. By defining a reference-architecture for IT- based smart city services and technologies, we enable future replication and standardised approaches of crosscutting solutions for urban energy, buildings and mobility technologies; • Sustainable transformation of existing buildings and demonstration of solutions for a shifting energy demand market are our core propositions for demonstrating data-driven value creation in cities; • build upon the strong replication potential of follower cities; • contribute to and strengthen the European Smart Cities movement. By establishing a strong network including citizens, key stakeholders and enablers such as the European Innovation Partnership and the European Commission we seek to develop, promote and strengthen European smart city projects and leadership. Main link with e- Main links on governance issue (for toolkit), focus on: SMART • selection of bankable approach;

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Project name Description • reference-architecture for IT-based smart city services and technologies • co-creation approach e-SMART Link Score 8

Project name Description Project name Smartencity - Towards Smart Zero CO2 Cities across Europe Project website https://smartencity.eu/ Lead Partner Tecnalia e-mail address [email protected] Type of Funding project H2020 (H2020, INTERREG, national funds, etc,) Project 02/2016-to 07/2021 Starting/Closing date Project objective Cities play a key role in fighting climate change. Energy demand and CO2 emissions are particularly high in urban areas. At the same time, urban density allows more alternatives for energy-efficient housing, eco-friendly transport and service provision. SmartEnCity’s vision is to create Smart Zero Carbon Cities that are more sustainable and inclusive, improve citizens’ quality of life, create jobs and wealth, and offer equal growth opportunities. SmartEnCity aims to develop a systemic approach for transforming European cities into sustainable, smart and resource-efficient urban environments in Europe. It aims to develop strategies that can be replicated throughout Europe in order to reduce energy demand and maximise renewable energy supply. Activities include retrofitting in buildings, integrating infrastructures, developing sustainable mobility and the intelligent use of Information and Communication Technologies. Project main findings The SmartEnCity concept will be defined, planned and and contributions implemented in the three Lighthouse demonstrators Vitoria- Gasteiz (Spain), Tartu (Estonia) and Sonderborg (Denmark). The process will be replicated in the two Follower cities of Lecce (Italy), and Asenovgrad (Bulgaria). We will encourage a SmartEnCity Network of further cities interested replicating the approach elsewhere in Europe. Expected project results are: • Retrofitting of about 2,500 dwellings and over 165,000 m2 • Benefits for 29,300 inhabitants • Energy savings of about 30,000,000 kWh/y • CO2 reduction of 19,000 Tn/y • Increased use of renewable energy sources for heating • Smart lighting concepts • Innovative strategies for sustainable mobility (electric

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Project name Description vehicles, bike and car sharing, biogas buses etc.) Main link with e- Main links on governance and mobility issue (for roadmap SMART and toolkit), focus on: • Innovative strategies for sustainable mobility (electric vehicles, bike and car sharing). e-SMART Link Score 7

Project name Description Project name Replicate - Renaissance of Places with Innovative Citizenship and Technology Project website https://replicate-project.eu/ Lead Partner San Sebastian, Florence, Bristol e-mail address [email protected] Type of Funding project H2020 (H2020, INTERREG, national funds, etc,) Project 02/2016-to 01/2021 Starting/Closing date Project objective Project vision is to increase the quality of life for citizens across Europe by demonstrating the impact of innovative technologies used to co-create smart city services with citizens and prove the optimal process for replicating successes within and across cities. Project main findings The project aims to enhance the transition process to a and contributions smart city in three areas: energy efficiency, sustainable mobility, ICT Infrastructures. • ENERGY EFFICIENCY- Saving energy consumption (up to 56% in relation to existing situation in building retrofitting and up to 35% in District Heating) • SUSTAINABLE MOBILITY- Integrating sustainable EVs, recharging systems and Information Mobility System (more than 200 EV units and 228 charging points) • INTEGRATED ICT INFRASTRUCTURES - Developing new sustainable and cost-effective services to citizens providing integrated infrastructures that improve efficiencies in the use of local public resources and the delivery of Public Services (by new ICT model based on FI-WARE and Open Data Management; by new intelligent lighting system based on new LED technology; by high speed mobile wireless network based on postWIMAX technology) Main link with e- Main links on data management, energy and mobility issues SMART (for roadmap and toolkit), focus on: • Integration of sustainable EVs, recharging systems and Information Mobility System by ICT tools; • integration infrastructures that improve efficiencies in the use of local public resources and the delivery of Public Services.

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Project name Description e-SMART Link Score 8

Project name Description Project name Smartertogether Project website https://www.smartertogether.at/ Lead Partner Smarter together e-mail address [email protected] Type of Funding project H2020 (H2020, INTERREG, national funds, etc,) Project 02/2016 to 01/2021 Starting/Closing date Project objective Smarter Together brings together the Lighthouse Cities of Lyon, Munich and Vienna as well as the Follower Cities of Santiago de Compostela, Sofia and Venice and the Observer Cities of Kiev and Yokohama. The project tackles environmental and societal challenges that already have an impact on the local communities and on the citizens’ everyday life. Smarter Together strives to ensure that the necessary changes are supported and “owned” by the society as a whole. An open and participatory dialogue builds the trust and the commitment of stakeholders that is needed to ensure that many citizens are willing to contribute their individual “last mile” of environmental action. Over 10,000 local inhabitants directly participated in Smarter Together activities designed to reach different target groups through a variety of approaches. Outreach was either based on information or gamification, making children the real Smart City ambassadors. Project main findings Main project findings include: and contributions • Housing refurbishment is at the core of any urban renewal as the existing housing stock is a major energy consumer and thermal retrofitting is a priority in light of our climate targets. Vienna’s advantage: its large social (subsidized) housing and municipal housing stock where deep renovations are much more likely than in private multi-flat buildings; • demonstrate innovative approaches to increase energy efficiency, such as replacing fossil sources by renewables or integrated energy planning: two solutions to generate heat through the integration of waste heat from a data centre and the use of the return flow of district heating have been planned. The installation of photovoltaic panels and the integration of solar thermal energy into the district heating grid have been implemented. These pilot actions have been complemented by a systematic analysis of energy and building data of the area, which forms the basis for integrated energy planning. With this combination and

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Project name Description integration of activities, Smarter Together contributes to a holistic view helping to develop a strategy for the energy transformation of the building stock; • innovative e-mobility solutions as part of an integrated urban renewable energy and Smart City approach. 8 mobility projects were implemented to provide alternative services and vehicles for energy and climate efficient mobility of the future. These projects range from conceptual research and surveys to participatory and co-creative activities up to business and industrial logistics; • Data management has traditionally been at the core of the Smart City concept and still is an important issue, as measurement is a relevant tool for understanding processes, developments and indicators. Smarter Together has developed an open source data platform to enable long-term sustainability; • Establishment of a “Network of Excellence” Main link with e- Main links on governance data management, energy and SMART mobility issues (for roadmap and toolkit), focus on: • Integration of sustainable EVs, recharging systems and Information Mobility System by ICT tools; • Data management: open source data platform to enable long-term sustainability; • participatory and co-creative activities up to business and industrial logistics. e-SMART Link Score 7

Project name Description Project name Mysmartlife Project website https://www.mysmartlife.eu/objectives/ Lead Partner My smart life e-mail address [email protected] Type of Funding project H2020 (H2020, INTERREG, national funds, etc,) Project December 2016 - November 2021 Starting/Closing date Project objective The project aims at making the three Lighthouse Cities of Nantes, Hamburg and Helsinki more environmentally friendly by reducing their CO2 emissions and increasing the use of renewable energy sources. Activities are focusing on • “Inclusive Cities”, offering a high quality of life to residents. • “Smart People” are playing a vital role in their city’s development. • “Smart Economy” is an innovative and dynamic economic concept aiming at guaranteed employment

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Project name Description and an adequate income, attracting talents as well as providing goods and services. An integrated planning process, where citizens are actively involved in the decision making, links the actions in different fields (e.g. mobility, sustainable energy, ICT). Following a structured city business model leads to an integrated urban transformation strategy, which is transferrable to other cities Project main findings Within the three Lighthouse Cities, more than 150 and contributions demonstration actions are carried out, ranging from technical actions (refurbishments of buildings, usage of renewable energies, clean transport and supporting ICT solutions) to social / non-technical actions (citizen engagement, development of innovative business models). Main link with e- Main links on governance data management, energy and SMART mobility issues (for roadmap and toolkit), focus on: • ICT tools; • social/non-technical actions (citizen engagement, development of innovative business models). e-SMART Link Score 7

Project name Description Project name Matchup Project website https://www.matchup-project.eu/ Lead Partner Municipality of Valencia e-mail address [email protected] Type of Funding project H2020 (H2020, INTERREG, national funds, etc,) Project 2014 to 2019 Starting/Closing date Project objective The project design and implement a palette of innovative solutions in the energy, mobility and ICT sectors that will serve as a model of urban transformation for other cities in Europe and beyond. The project objective is to create and adopt solutions that can turn urban problems into smart opportunities to improve the citizens’ quality of life and boost the local economies. The final aim is to create a prosperous and more liveable urban environment for communities. The approach is built on three main axes: • Planning of sustainable urban transformation, which means to get rid of old and inefficient technologies to seize new efficient solutions in the energy, mobility and ICT fields • Effective replication and upscaling of smart city solutions by ensuring the convergence of the demand and supply sides • Implementation of these upscaling and replication plans to successfully reshape and repaint cities and their communities

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Project name Description Project main findings MAtchUP solutions aims at providing effective qualitative and contributions and quantitative impacts on urban environments: • the city transformation focuses mainly on the intersection of energy and transport excellence enabled by technology: deployment of smart homes and energy efficiency measures to reduce energy consumption and pollution and to increase investments on sustainable mobility and technological integrations • activities will be highly tailored on citizens who will play an active role in the co-creation of new urban strategies. These solutions and activities will be translated into greener and prosper cities build on the needs of their customers – mainly citizens, policy makers, businesses, academia, investors and non-profit organizations Main link with e- Main links on governance, data management, energy and SMART mobility issues (for roadmap and toolkit), focus on: • urban strategies tailored on citizens needs and co- creation; • intersection of energy and transport excellence enabled by technology. e-SMART Link Score 8

Project name Description Project name Startdust - Re-defining Urban Metabolism by integrating holistic solutions Project website http://stardustproject.eu/actions/ Lead Partner CENER – CIEMAT FOUNDATION e-mail address [email protected] Type of Funding project H2020 (H2020, INTERREG, national funds, etc,) Project 2016-2022 Starting/Closing date Project objective STARDUST’s objective is to introduce low carbon, highly efficient, intelligent, and citizen-oriented cities. This will be done by providing green technical solutions and innovative business models to address the urban challenges identified by the cities involved. These challenges have got to do with the environment, society, mobility, energy, economy and the cities’ visibility. To name a few examples are urban poverty, poor waste management, incremental air pollution and traffic congestion, lack of jobs, high energy cost and poor international recognition. According to the challenges pointed out, selected targets are to be met by the project. These include: • Creating several “innovation islands”, or urban incubators that demonstrate scalable, cost-effective and bankable urban scale solutions

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Project name Description • Creating smart ecosystems that makes use of the new economic paradigm in European cities that is based heavily on eco-innovation, market competitiveness, low carbon usage, and promotion of a circular economy • Creating and deploying open city information platforms, an ICT platform that allows both lighthouse and follower cities to engage actively with one another and to address effectively their issues with the technical partners • Organizing and fostering the lighthouse cities’ solutions, which will be transferred and replicated to the follower cities Project main findings STARDUST offers a holistic approach in transforming the and contributions carbon-based cities to smart, highly efficient, intelligent and citizen-oriented cities, or “Innovation Islands”. These approaches come in the form of both technical and non- technical solutions. On one hand, technical solutions will be provided in the following sectors: energy, mobility and ICT. On the other hand, non-technical solutions will be addressed directly to the different key players – policy makers, industry, academia, and the citizens – in the form of innovative business models and citizen engagement activities, which ensure the bankability of these solutions. Like yin and yang, both types of actions complement each other, providing the holistic mind set needed to define the new Urban Metabolism envisioned by STARDUST. Main link with e- Main links on governance, data management, energy and SMART mobility issues (for roadmap and toolkit), focus on: • Innovation island and holistic approach for Urban Metabolism (both for technical - energy, mobility and ICT - and non-technical solutions). e-SMART Link Score 8

Project name Description Project name Iris - Co-creating smart and sustainable cities Project website https://irissmartcities.eu/ Lead Partner GEMEENTE UTRECHT e-mail address [email protected] Type of Funding project H2020 (H2020, INTERREG, national funds, etc,) Project Oct 2017-Oct 2022 Starting/Closing date Project objective IRIS project is strongly committed to actively participate in the 6 ‘Action Clusters’ set by the EIP-SCC's (European Innovation Partnership on Smart Cities and Communities), and all of the Action Cluster's objectives are targeted in the project, and the IRIS Lighthouse cities are all active

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Project name Description participants in the Action Clusters. To achieve this, a number of specific objectives have been outlined: • Demonstrate solutions at district scale integrating smart homes and buildings, smart renewables and closed- loop energy positive districts • Demonstrate smart energy management and storage solutions targeting Grid flexibility • Demonstrate integrated urban mobility solutions increasing the use of environmentally friendly alternative fuels, creating new opportunities for collective mobility and lead to a decreased environmental impact • Demonstrate the integration of the latest generation ICT solutions with existing city platforms over open and standardized interfaces enabling the exchange of data for the development of new innovative services • Demonstrate active citizen engagement solutions providing an enabling environment for citizens to participate in co-creation, decision making, planning and problem solving with the Smart Cities • Put in practice bankable business models over proposed integrated solutions, tested to reduce technical and financial risks for investors guaranteeing replicability at EU scale • Strengthening the links and active cooperation between cities in a large number of Member States with a large coverage of cities with different size, geography, climate zones and economical situations • Measure and validate the demonstration results after a 3-years large-scale demonstration at district scale within 3 highly innovative EU cities Project main findings The demonstration of 16 already confirmed proof-of- and contributions concept IRIS Solutions to accelerate the urban transition in the new era of emerging smart technologies on a city level: • integration of three Transition Tracks is the key factor for energy efficiency increase, increased share of renewables supported by storage solutions, new mobility schemes and services (eg: solar power V2G solution for mobility acts as the linking pin for Transition Track, further fostering the integration of green energy flexible networks in the mobility sector). These three Transition Tracks contribute to more comfortable living and working conditions for citizens, while any available excess of energy can mainly be consumed for addressing poor energy neighbourhoods of low incomes, low quality of life and lower energy bills for the near- future EU cities. • City Innovation Platform - Open data portals, data warehouses, brokers, sensor networks, BI-tools and storage facilities to facilitate the collection,

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Project name Description processing and visualisation of data and the provisioning of services. These systems support solutions like waste management, traffic flows and public lighting. The City Innovation Platform builds on these results and connects the dots between the different solutions by creating a common architecture and usage of standards, data models and governance practices. • City Data Market, allowing exchange and exploitation of any data based on appropriate/flexible licenses and pricing models and access rights. The City Data Market manages the exchange of any open, linked and big reliable, high quality data for the development of the integrated solutions and for new applications, services and business models based on generic API´s. The City Data Market also offers intuitive and user-friendly developer and API-tools. The core of the CIP consists of a Data Management Framework, Security and Privacy, and the Platform Management tools. These components support the secure collection, processing and storage of data and the management and monitoring of services, devices and access. • Data Governance Plan (DGP) to guarantee the right, secure and sustainable use of data. It is crucial for building trust and participation among all stakeholders. It contains agreements and governance policies, allowing new services to be developed and allowing real time KPI monitoring and benchmarking of smart energy and mobility performances. • harmonize existing, proprietary infrastructures, because that is a prerequisite for standardization. Main link with e- Main links on governance, data management, energy and SMART mobility issues (for roadmap and toolkit), focus on: • City Innovation Platform; • Transition Tracks; • Open data portals; • City Data Market; • Data Governance Plan (DGP) to guarantee the right, secure and sustainable use of data; • harmonization procedure for standardization; • KPI for monitoring and benchmarking smart energy and mobility performances. e-SMART Link Score 8

Project name Description Project name MakingCities Project website http://makingcity.eu/

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Project name Description Lead Partner Making City e-mail address [email protected] Type of Funding project H2020 (H2020, INTERREG, national funds, etc,) Project Dec 2018-to Dec 2022 Starting/Closing date Project objective The Positive Energy District (PED) concept developed in MAKING-CITY will be tested and validated in two Lighthouse cities which have been chosen based on their current work and commitment on energy transition. The PED will be replicated in 6 Follower cities Project main findings Project main findings include: and contributions • Demonstrate the PED (Positive Energy District) concept in the two Lighthouse cities selected in the project (Groningen and Oulu); • Establish a validated procedure to support the definition of PED concept (calculation procedures, identified barriers, assessed technical, social and regulatory framework conditions); • Replicate the PED concept developed in MAKING- CITY in the 6 Follower cities selected; • Support and promote the City Vision 2050 in the methodologies and procedures needed for the implementation of PEDs within integrating the 2030 mid-term timescale; • Develop a rigorous monitoring and evaluation programme; • Determine business models integrating the PED deployment to foster the creation of a business ecosystem behind the PED concept developed in MAKING-CITY; • Organise social innovation activities to raise business opportunities in the cities by integrating the PED concept and involving industrials, SMEs, NGOs; • Deploy an exploitation and market strategy from the market analysis to the identification of exploitable results and technologies; • Establish a strong communication and dissemination strategy to promote and raise awareness about the PED concept developed in MAKING-CITY; • Foster strong cooperation with related projects and relevant clusters of projects. Main link with e- Main links on governance and energy (for roadmap and SMART toolkit), focus on: • PED concept & business models for integrating PED in smart cities approach.

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Project name Description e-SMART Link Score 6

Project name Description Project name +Cityxchange - Co-creating Positive Energy Districts, with Integrated Planning and Design, a Common Energy Market & CommunityxChange Project website https://cityxchange.eu/ Lead Partner Norges Teknisk-Naturvitenskapelige Universitet NTNU e-mail address [email protected] Type of Funding project H2020 (H2020, INTERREG, national funds, etc,) Project Nov 2018 to-December 2023 Starting/Closing date Project objective The +CityxChange vision is to enable the co-creation of the future we want to live in. This includes the development of a framework and supporting tools to enable a common energy supply market, supported by a connected community. This lead to recommendations for new policy intervention, market (de)regulation and business models that will deliver positive energy communities, integrating e-Mobility as a Service. The +CityxChange project is developing and deploying Positive Energy Blocks and Districts and scaling these out as part of the European Clean Energy Transition in cities. This central objective shall be achieved by following the secondary objectives of the below-listed categories: • Technologies • Citizen centred approach • Business model • Replication Project main findings +CityxChange implements 11 Demo Project in its 2 and contributions Lighthouse Cities and 5 Follower Cities. The Demo Projects are arranged around the development of Positive Energy Blocks. The project aims at a number of key impact factors to follow its vision of “co-creation of the future we want to live in.” The expected impacts from the project are estimated in the infographics below. • Common energy market indicators (as RSE share, RES efficiency, RES storage, RES efficiency per sqKm) • Integrated Planning and Design • CommunityxChange +CityxChange brings the two Lighthouse Cities Trondheim (NO) and Limerick (IE) together with their distinguished Follower Cities Alba Iulia (RO), Pisek (CZ), Võru (EE), Smolyan (BG) and Sestao (ES), to underline their ambition

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Project name Description to achieve: • sustainable urban ecosystems that have zero emissions; • establish a 100% renewable energy city-region by 2050. Main link with e- Main links on governance and energy (for roadmap and SMART toolkit), focus on: • co-creation • Business model • Replication. e-SMART Link Score 7

Project name Description Project name CARE4TECH - Cross-Sectoral Alliances for Smart Living Project website https://www.alpine- space.eu/projects/care4tech/en/about/the-project/overview Lead Partner Carinthia University of Applied Sciences e-mail address http://www.fh-kaernten.at/ Type of Funding project INTERREG Alpine Space (H2020, INTERREG, national funds, etc,) Project Starting/Closing 01/11/2016 to 30/10/2019 date Project objective The coordinated activity of the SynchroniCity community took bold steps in the establishment of a common technical foundation for all participating cities, based on the Open & Agile Smart Cities principles, nudging booming IoT markets together and setting up standards that can be easily used across smart cities and communities. The project also opens up the market and help businesses of all sizes to transparently compete and easily scale their products and solutions into new contexts. Project main findings The main project results are: and contributions • Alpine Space Knowledge Atlas: A structure to map knowledge and cooperation in the field of Smart Living Technologies. It visualizes tech leaders, solutions, innovation & business development approaches in an accessible, digital knowledge database and visual matrix. • AS Alliances - Strategic structure supporting 11 thematic smart living tech excellence groups in cooperation, technology & innovation: each group focuses on sharing & analysing solutions & identify docking points with at least 1 current relevant policy unit

Main link with e- Main links on governance and data management (for SMART roadmap and toolkit), focus on:

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Project name Description • Alpine Space Knowledge Atlas • AS Alliances (smart living tech excellence groups) e-SMART Link Score 7

Project name Description Project name CESBA Alps - Sustainable Territories (also CESBA, CESBA MED) Project website https://www.alpine-space.eu/projects/cesba-alps/en/cesba Lead Partner Regione Piemonte - Environment, Government and Territorial Protection Directorate e-mail address [email protected] Type of Funding project INTERREG Alpine Space (H2020, INTERREG, national funds, etc,..) Project Starting/Closing Not available date Project objective The goal of CESBA is to facilitate the diffusion and adoption of sustainable built environment principles among all the stakeholders through the use of harmonized assessment systems in the whole life cycle of the built environment. While sustainability assessment tools are already well- established for buildings and small urban areas, such tools do not yet exist for the built environment at the level of territories. CESBA Alps aims to improve the sustainability of the Alpine built environment through the development of the first assessment tool at territorial scale, which will be contextualized to regional specificities. Through objective criteria and performance indicators addressing all dimensions of sustainability, the tool will support the sustainability assessment of a territory, the definition of objective performance targets, the decision making in planning processes and the implementation and monitoring of effective low carbon policies.

Project main findings The main project finding refers to: and contributions • Innovative policies for sustainable territories o promote and facilitate the use and implementation of assessment tools at territorial level in low carbon policies and planning activities. o set reliable, measurable and verifiable performance targets in policies and territorial plans • Sustainability Assessment Tools for Alpine Space Territories o produce a sustainability assessment tool for territories (CESBA STT), which will be contextualized for each pilot region.

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Project name Description o create the necessary conditions for the implementation, use and adoption by of the regional CESBA STT tools. o A CESBA Alpine Space Passport with common Key performance indicators (CESBA KPI) allows the comparison of different regions. • Pilot testing: territorial assessment and training o produced a guideline, a toolbox for implementation, and the project support pilot testing and training on local level. o 9 local CESBA Committees are developed to implement and test the CESBA STT tool in the pilot regions. The 9 pilot regions are: Liechtenstein, Lombardia, Provence Alpes Côte d’Azur, Piemonte, Auvergne, Rhône Alpes, Slovenia, Upper Bavaria, Veneto and Vorarlberg. Main link with e- Main links on governance and data management (for SMART roadmap and toolkit), focus on: • sustainability assessment tools for low carbon policies and planning activities at the level of territories • objective criteria and performance indicators e-SMART Link Score 7

Project name Description Project name Cities Today (platform) Project website https://cities-today.com/ Lead Partner ---- e-mail address ---- Type of Funding ---- project (H2020, INTERREG, national funds, etc,) Project Starting/Closing ----- date Project objective Cities Today is a global magazine containing analysis, comment and best practices on sustainable urban development, connecting local governments with public and private sector solutions. With an expert editorial advisory board comprising the World Bank, the United Nations Environment Programme and UN-Habitat; the planning associations ISOCARP and IFHP; and city associations ICLEI, C40, EUROCITIES, UCLG ASPAC, UCLG Africa, Sister Cities International, UCLG MEWA, FLACMA and Mercociudades, the publication highlights the challenges and opportunities facing city leaders and local governments in mobility, smart technology, safety and security, resilience, resource efficiency and sustainable urban development. Click below to view our editorial advisory

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Project name Description board members. Project main findings The main project finding refers to set main knowledge hubs and contributions on: Citizen Engagement Climate Change Energy Finance Housing ICT Infrastructure Lighting Mobility Safety and Security Smart City Transport Urban Innovation Urban Planning Urban Resilience Waste Management Water and Sanitation Main link with e- Main links on governance and data management (for SMART roadmap and toolkit), focus on: • sustainability assessment tools for low carbon policies and planning activities e-SMART Link Score 8

Project name Description Project name INTENSSS-PA – Integrated Sustainable Energy Planning - A systematic approach for inspiring training energy-spatial socioeconomic sustainability to public authorities Project website http://www.intenssspa.eu/ Lead Partner BPM S.A. e-mail address [email protected] Type of Funding project H2020 (H2020, INTERREG, national funds, etc,) Project Starting/Closing 1 February 2016 - 31 July 2018 date Project objective INTENSSS-PA supports public authorities to integrate the energy theme into spatial planning and regional physical and socioeconomic landscapes. Involving stakeholders through seven Regional Living Labs to achieve the objective INTENSSS-PA provides human and institutional capacity building to public authorities and to the wider network of private and public actors related to energy and regional planning by implementing the Living Lab concept. Specifically, the project develops a network of seven Regional Living Labs (RLL), one in each of the seven Regional areas participating in the project. Project main findings The major project results include: and contributions • A Database of Practise with case studies and training materials • A network of seven Regional Living Labs (RLL) providing a real-life environment for the co-creation of the integrated energy planning concept. • Development and implementation of a systematic process of building Institutional and Human Capital through the provision of experiential learning. • Design of an integrated sustainable energy planning concept along with suggestions on its institutional integration to different decision-making

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Project name Description structures and cultural settings. • Development/enhancement/redefinition of the actual integrated sustainable energy planning under real-life conditions within the works of each RLL. • Organization and implementation of a wide communication campaign and national replication & evaluation roadshows. (Each national roadshow will involve at least two events to regions outside the consortium). An EU level event is also envisaged. • Communication to policy makers and evaluation through interviews the capacity of the developed planning concept to be incorporated to policies and the legislative frameworks of the Member States. • Consolidation of lessons learned and outcomes Main link with e- Main links on governance and data management (for SMART roadmap and toolkit), focus on: • Regional Living Labs • sustainability assessment tools for low carbon policies and planning activities • Organization and implementation of a wide communication campaign and national replication & evaluation roadshows (national roadshow) e-SMART Link Score 9

Project name Description Project name iSCAPE Project website https://www.iscapeproject.eu/ Lead Partner UCD Dublin e-mail address [email protected] Type of Funding project H2020 (H2020, INTERREG, national funds, etc,) Project Starting/Closing 1st Sep. 2016 – 30 Aug 2019 date Project objective The overall aim of iSCAPE is to develop and evaluate an integrated strategy for air pollution control in European cities grounded on evidence-based analysis. The project will develop the tools required to obtain an air pollution free/low carbon society by addressing air quality and climate change concerns together through the application of new smart and sustainable technologies for integration into urban design and guidelines. This will include the development and assessment ex-ante of a framework aimed at changing mobility behaviour and will harness emerging smart city capabilities and protocols to implement novel urban air pollution control strategies using improved

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Project name Description policy-oriented information and technology. These abatement options will be assessed in selected EU cities used as Living Labs and will be designed to achieve measures of reductions in air pollution exposure and climate change impacts. The specific OBJECTIVES of the project are: • Develop new sustainable and passive air pollution control strategies. • Assess existing and proposed air pollution control technology and policy interventions for major air pollution sources in European cities. • Rapidly deploy innovative technological solutions. • Customise an advanced integrated air quality modelling tool for the assessment of air pollution and associated control strategies. • Assess the interlinkages between air pollution and climate change. • Propose a conceptual framework for sustainable urban mobility. • Empower EU citizens with smart awareness raising activities and build capacity for decision makers through policy recommendations. Project main findings The iSCAPE framework includes two groups of and contributions interventions aimed at reducing both air pollution levels and climate change precursors: • Passive Control Systems (PCSs): these include low boundary walls, trees and hedgerows, green walls and roofs, photocatalytic coatings, green urban spaces and road geometry interventions. • Behavioural Change: this set of interventions will include o actions to promote changes in transport mode choice for EU Cities inhabitants (Sustainable Urban Mobility framework); o action to promote changes in activity patterns. The major project results include: • a reduction of the negative effects on health and climate together with the costs associated with air pollution in the EU. • Lower concentrations of air pollutants in cities achieved using technologies adapted to local needs (ex.: low boundary walls, green walls and roofs, photocatalytic coatings, changes in activity patterns to reduce congestions, etc.) • iSCAPE will assess ex-ante a range of behavioural change interventions such as o actions to promote changes in transport mode choice for EU Cities inhabitants; o action to promote changes in activity

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Project name Description patterns. • solutions that can be produced at a relative low cost and that can be exploiting using different complementary business models. • assess the effectives and thus design guidelines of smart interventions in practice to integrate them into urban design and planning policy following a “win-win” approach for climate change and air pollution abatement. • foster a societal transformation to a green and low carbon economy by engaging citizens in citizens science activities as part of the Living Labs. Main link with e- Main links on governance, Living Lab Methodology and SMART data management (for roadmap and toolkit), focus on: • Regional Living Labs methodology • guidelines of smart interventions in practice to integrate them into urban design and planning policy following a “win-win” approach for climate change and air pollution abatement; • assess ex-ante a range of behavioural change interventions such as o actions to promote changes in transport mode choice for EU Cities inhabitants; o action to promote changes in activity patterns. e-SMART Link Score 9

Project name Description Project name SaMBA - Sustainable Mobility Behaviours in the Alpine Region Project website https://www.alpine-space.eu/projects/samba/en/home Lead Partner Regione Piemonte e-mail address [email protected] Type of Funding project INTERREG Alpine Space (H2020, INTERREG, national funds, etc,) Project Starting/Closing 17/04/2018 to 16/04/2021 date Project objective The project looks at the high level of dependency on private cars, the mismatch of sustainable transport options and people’s mobility needs, with the aim of increasing the use of sustainable transport options. The project elaborates and test reward and pricing policies, in order to trigger behaviour change in mobility patterns. A tool will be developed that allows planning authorities to estimate the impact of such mobility-related behavioural change policies. In bringing together partners from five countries, the projects will support the harmonisation of policies throughout the region.

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Project name Description Project main findings The project operate to: and contributions • increase awareness about the potential of mobility behaviour change policies, by making public authorities, the general public and tourists coming to the Alpine area understand the potential changing mobility patterns, the amount of emissions in traffic can be reduced. With the introduction of mobility policies that are based on reward and pricing principles, behavioural changes can be triggered that will lead to the use of more sustainable transport options, such as car sharing, the public transport, the bicycle and others • Improve behaviour change policies to promote sustainable and low carbon mobility - Recommendations for the development of harmonized behaviour change policies are drawn up, together with the transnational community of all partner countries, including mobility experts and public authorities. The network gather knowledge on the potential of behaviour change policies, ensure their replicability and acceptance across the Alpine Space area. • Foster behaviour change towards sustainable mobility in the pilot cases - A handbook includes practical information and advice on how to facilitate the implementation of policies based on rewards and pricing principles, focusing especially on effectiveness and acceptance by the users of mobility options. Main link with e- Main links on governance and data management (for SMART roadmap and toolkit), focus on: • Recommendations • Recommendations for the development of harmonized behaviour change policies • handbook Link with e-SMART 8 score

Project name Description Project name FREVUE Project website https://frevue.eu/reports/ Lead Partner WESTMINSTER CITY COUNCIL e-mail address [email protected] Type of Funding project EU - FP7 (H2020, INTERREG, national funds, etc,) Project Starting/Closing Mar 2013- Sep. 2017 date

This project is co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund through the Interreg Alpine Space programme. 84

Project name Description Project objective The Project is large-scale initiative to test electric vehicles (EVs) in real-world urban logistic operations. The trials took place in eight European cities that were selected to demonstrate EVs in a range of climatic conditions, differing urban environments and distinctive local policy settings. FREVUE brought together 32 carefully selected partners to collaborate in the introduction of EVs to ‘last-mile’ logistics in urban areas. The project co-ordinators, Cross River Partnership (CRP), oversaw the introduction of over 80 EFVs across various sectors in the eight different cities.

Project main findings FREVUE demonstrated that, by working together, logistics and contributions providers, local authorities, goods manufacturers, vehicle manufacturers and service providers could successfully operate EVs in urban environments – producing significant positive benefits. The project involved a wide range of public and commercial entities, ranging from grid-power providers and commercial vehicle manufacturers, to sectors such as retail, food and drink and post and parcel distributors. This achievement, along with the geographical spread and timescales over which the project was run, enabled the detailed study of not only the capital costs and benefits of electric freight vehicles (EFVs), but also day-today experiences of personnel using the vehicles and the longer-term environmental benefits. Of the industry partners involved in the trial, Heineken and UPS found the results to be so positive that they have since expanded their fleet of EFVs in urban logistics – while others have plans in place to expand their EFV fleets. In terms of perception, the project reports that in 2013, when trials started, only 39% of the participating fleet managers viewed EFVs as positive or comparable to traditionally fuelled vehicles. At the end of the trial, a survey revealed that over 70% of fleet managers considered EFVs to be a viable alternative to traditional fleets. In addition, range anxiety amongst drivers and fleet managers (a widely considered barrier to converting to EVs) decreased over time as participants became familiar with vehicle capabilities. In relation to EFV manufacturers, the trial concluded that visibility and availability of larger capacity EFVs would be of benefit in increasing the uptake of EFVs in urban freight logistics. In relation to the role and outcomes for local authority participants, the project focused on the social and environmental benefits of increasing EFV uptake. The impacts on air quality, noise pollution, congestion and public safety were all studied and addressed during the project. It is important to note that one of the most common concerns about EVs in urban areas is that of public safety due to these being ‘silent’ vehicles. Over the 4.5-year trial, no safety-related issues were reported. In terms of the impact that local authorities can make on EFV uptake

This project is co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund through the Interreg Alpine Space programme. 85

Project name Description through policy changes, the study concludes that economic measures could include exemptions from congestion and other road or toll charges for EFVs, and parking access restrictions that affect vehicles other than EFVs (e.g. low or zero emission zones, timed access permits, loading and unloading concessions only for EFVs, and allowing EFVs to use previously prohibited lanes such as bus or tram lanes). Working in parallel with electricity network operators, local planning departments can work towards an increased density and optimal distribution of fast-charging points. The ways EFVs are used and their charging requirements – differ from those for passenger EVs with the majority of charging taking place overnight when parked in a warehouse or depot. As a result, the study concludes that upgrades to grid capacity may be required to help stimulate commercial EFV uptake. Main link with e- Main links on governance of LML and data management SMART (for roadmap and toolkit) Link with e-SMART 9 score

This project is co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund through the Interreg Alpine Space programme. 86

Project name Description Project name Green eMotion Project website https://trimis.ec.europa.eu/project/green-emotion Lead Partner Siemens AG e-mail address [email protected] Type of Funding project EU FP7 (H2020, INTERREG, national funds, etc,) Project Starting/Closing Mar 2011 to Feb. 2015 date Project objective The primary goal of the project is to define Europe-wide standards. To this end, practical research is being conducted in different demo regions all over Europe with the aim of developing and demonstrating a commonly accepted and user-friendly framework that combines interoperable and scalable technical solutions with a sustainable business platform. For the implementation of this framework, Green eMotion will take into account smart grid developments, innovative ICT solutions, different types of EVs, as well as urban mobility concepts. The Green eMotion project is based on diverse national and European electromobility projects: It connects these ongoing regional and national initiatives and concentrates them into one international initiative. It builds upon already existing results and compares different technology approaches to make sure that the best solutions possible will be established on the European market. Project main findings Main project findings are on the following issues: and contributions • Synchronisation of demonstration regions. Since municipalities play an important role to support and stimulate the introduction of EVs, the project set up, implement and synchronize demonstration activities in the twelve demonstration regions of Green eMotion. In addition, the project analyses a great variety of fleets, vehicle types and concepts as well as implementing mechanisms for data sharing and best practice evaluation among all regions, while some extra demonstration features will be implemented in each region to enable further tests and a wider spectrum of activities. • Urban electromobility concepts, policies and regulations. The introduction of electromobility is as complex as it is challenging. It relies on a strong, long- term vision and the dedication of municipalities and local electricity providers. The project assesses the different concepts for a rollout from a municipality planning and policy perspective. The key features which are necessary for a successful mass roll out of electric cars in Europe will be determined.

This project is co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund through the Interreg Alpine Space programme. 87

Project name Description • Electromobility services / ICT solutions. ICT is seen as the key enabler for electromobility, offering a multitude of basic and advanced services to the driver. The integration of these services allows the usability for the end user without regional limitations (e.g. with roaming or recharging location services) and enables the realization of economies of scale for advanced service offerings like fleet management. • Grid EV-solution. The numerous demonstration field trials defined best-practice solutions for recharging infrastructure from a grid operator's perspective. Provision of adequate grid capacity and appropriate grid operation tools in order to welcome EV’s and make them beneficial for power system operation are key questions investigated and demonstrated. • Recharging Infrastructures. Provide advanced, interoperable and manageable recharging infrastructures and services to EVs. Delivery of infrastructures for DC fast recharging, battery swapping and inductive recharging and also the delivery of charging management system and smart network re- enforcement to different demonstration regions. • EV technology validation in terms of durability, Main link with e- Main links on governance and data management (for SMART roadmap and toolkit): • Policy, • Mobility & ICT links • Mobility and Energy links Link with e-SMART 9 score

Project name Description Project name I-CVUE Project website http://icvue.eu/ Lead Partner Energy saving trust e-mail address [email protected] Type of Funding project EU - FP7 (H2020, INTERREG, national funds, etc,) Project Starting/Closing date Project objective I-CVUE aims to reduce CO2-emissions in urban environments by increasing the number of EV's in large fleets in urban areas. The project achieves this by mentoring large urban based pan-European fleet operators, offering them free EVusage analysis and mentoring and creating a framework that authorities can use to set up tailored fleet incentive

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Project name Description programs to increase the uptake of EVs according to the specific socio-economic conditions of the city, or region. Project main findings The project achieves actual EV uptake in large urban fleets and contributions by analysing their composition and actual vehicle usage and combining this with whole life cost analysis. This enables us to make concrete recommendations for some or all of the vehicles to be converted to EV and for these recommendations to be implemented and evaluated within the scope of the project with the goal of putting 1000 additional EVs into fleets during the lifetime of the project. The model for mentoring is based on the successful implementation of models in the UK and Austria. The mentoring core of the project will be enhanced throughout the project based on the relevant local incentives of participating fleets. The diversity of the fleets selected to take part in the project from strategic sectors such as rental and leasing, logistics, and corporate fleets, will ensure that the project results will be highly replicable and broadly applicable to a wide range of fleets across Europe.I-CVUE will facilitate the transfer of best practice principles and incentives between different Member States in Europe through the development of an incentive framework to support EV uptake. The results of the mentoring and analysis of the pan-European fleets taking part in the project will feed into the incentive framework and tool to be used by policymakers and fleets. Main link with e- Main links on governance and Policy (for roadmap and SMART toolkit)

Link with e-SMART 7 score

Project name Description Project name PEACE_Alps - Pooling Energy ACtion plans and Enhancing their implementation in the Alps Project website https://www.alpine- space.eu/projects/peace_alps/en/project-results Lead Partner Regione Piemonte e-mail address [email protected] Type of Funding project (H2020, INTERREG, national funds, etc,) Interreg Project Starting/Closing date 16.12.2015/15.12.2018 Project objective "PEACE-ALPS tackles the problems related to the implementation of Sustainable Energy Action Plans (SEAPs) or any other Energy concepts already endorsed by Local Authorities (LAs) in Alpine Space Area by

This project is co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund through the Interreg Alpine Space programme. 89

Project name Description supporting LAs in developing concrete actions with an inter- municipal approach. The objectives will be reached by addressing the following topics: + energy management, + energy refurbishment of buildings and public light, + local adaptation to climate change. Project main findings The outputs and experience gained will be spread out in the and contributions Alpine Space with an effective engagement campaign of new regions interested in developing the same approach, and with policy recommendation at EU level. Main link with e- SMART Main links on Energy Policy, relation among different local authorities, data collection for roadmap and toolkit Link with e-SMART 7 score

This project is co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund through the Interreg Alpine Space programme. 90

ANNEX 1 - MORE DETAILS ON E-MOTICON SOA – POLICY

GENERAL OBJECTIVES TRANSPOSITION NUMBER OF MAIN DECISION- PLUGS NUMBER OF PLANNED MAIN REGIONAL AND AND NATIONAL OF DIRECTIVE PLANNED MAKING STANDARDS E-CS BY 2020 LOCAL MEASURES MEASURES 2014/94/EU EVs by 2020 LEVEL(S) Cuts in greenhouse gas Definition and Definition of the “Appropriate number of 8 million EVs Not relevant European emissions; adoption of the standards: E-CS to be built”, left to Commission, Rising the share of Directive by the IEC EN 62196-2 and the Member States European renewable energies; European 62196-3, Directive Set average of 1 E-CS Institutions Energy efficiency; institutions 2014/94/EU for 10 EVs (Technical) Standardisation; Interoperability to be achieved; EU Need for cross-border and coherent continuity of E-CS installation plans; Lack of E-CS as obstacle to the EV market uptake; Member States to make available information about E-CS location. Reaching CO2-neutral Yes IEC EN 62196-2 and Between 3.000 and 4.000 Between Purchase support for EVs; National and mobility sector by 2050; IEC EN 62196-3 normal-charging E-CS 66.000 and Green public regional Ban of ICE vehicles by 2020; 174.000 EVs procurements; (Bundesländer) Purchase support by State Between 500 and 700 Parking policy for EVs (free levels AT for EVs and E-CS fast-charging E-CS parking); Fiscal measures Financing the installation of EV license plate E-CS; Support to R&D Fiscal measures; EVs registrations quota Development of low- Yes NF EN 62196-2 and 35.000 publicly 960.000 EVs Installation and National and local FR emission vehicles and of NF EN 62196-3 accessible E-CS (sometimes) operation of (municipalities their related infrastructures; the charging points, by and energy

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GENERAL OBJECTIVES TRANSPOSITION NUMBER OF MAIN DECISION- PLUGS NUMBER OF PLANNED MAIN REGIONAL AND AND NATIONAL OF DIRECTIVE PLANNED MAKING STANDARDS E-CS BY 2020 LOCAL MEASURES MEASURES 2014/94/EU EVs by 2020 LEVEL(S) Improvement of vehicles’ 900.000 private E-CS municipalities, syndicates) levels energy efficiency; departmental energy Development of collaborative syndicates; schemes of mobility; Purchase of EVs for public Ecological bonus up to fleets; 10.000€; Electric mobility services Emission labels; Green public procurements; Unique E-CS ID By 2020: being the lead Yes DIN EN 62196-2 and 70.000 normal-charging 1 million EVs Installation of E-CS; National and supplier and the lead market DIN EN 62196-3 E-CS Funding of public and regional for electric mobility; companies’ fleets; (Bundesländer) Setup of demand-driven 7.000 fast-charging E-CS Financial support to R&D; levels charging network; Encouraging SMEs to shift DE Parking policy for EVs: towards electric mobility; reserved parking spots Restriction for diesel-driven equipped with E-CS, vehicles; reduced parking fees; Labelling of vehicles; No access restrictions Interoperable state-wide charging networks Ecological and Yes IEC EN 62196-2 and Between 4.500 and Between Coordination role of the National and environmental objectives; IEC EN 62196-3 13.000 normal-charging 18.000 and regions; regional levels Development of national E-CS 54.000 EVs E-CS installation; charging points registry: Interoperability policy; control and monitoring of the Between 2.000 and 6.000 Restricted traffic areas in IT infrastructure, technical fast-charging E-CS municipalities; details about E-CS; Parking policy; Identification of priority e-mobility services (e-bike alternative fuels and e-car-sharing); Buildings equipped with E- CS

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GENERAL OBJECTIVES TRANSPOSITION NUMBER OF MAIN DECISION- PLUGS NUMBER OF PLANNED MAIN REGIONAL AND AND NATIONAL OF DIRECTIVE PLANNED MAKING STANDARDS E-CS BY 2020 LOCAL MEASURES MEASURES 2014/94/EU EVs by 2020 LEVEL(S) Promotion of sustainable No (No EU- IEC 62196-2 and IEC No data Around 5.000 Not relevant National level mobility and of new Member State, no 62196-3 EVs by 2020 motorisations; obligation to (10% of the Transition from individual to transpose) total LI collective transport; registrations) Electricity from renewable energies for E-CS; Purchase incentive for 50 EVs a year Development of charging Yes IEC EN 62196-2 and 1.200 planned E-CS 5.311 EVs Installation of E-CS; National and local infrastructure on highways; IEC EN 62196-3 registrations Purchases of EVs for (municipalities) From 2055 onwards, public fleets; levels transport should be fully Incentive parking policy; SI electric; e-mobility services (e-car- Fiscal measures; sharing e.g. Purchase incentives; Ecological loan schemes Financing of R&D; No (No EU- IEC 62196-2 and IEC No data No data Fiscal measures of Regional level Fiscal measures; Member State, no 62196-3 Cantons; (Cantons and Energy labelling; obligation to Renewing public fleets with regional energy Coordination of the transpose) EVs; suppliers) deployment of E-CS; Coordination role of CH Green public procurements; Cantons; No public financing of E-CS Parking policy; Purchase incentives for EVs and E-CS by some municipalities

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ANNEX 2 - MORE DETAILS ON E-MOTICON SOA – CHARGING STATION

TOTAL FR DE AT SI IT CH FL (provisory) Normal power Data to Data to 1.308 motorbike / scooter 592 16 be 97 592 be 11 (without CH, AT) 3 kW (Schuko) proven proven Data to Normal power 3kW 2 No data be 2 Type 1 (without CH) proven Data to Normal power car 4.395 373 904 2.592 92 425 be 9 socket Type 2 (without CH) proven Sub-total Normal-charging 965 920 2.592 189 1.017 3.460 22 9.165 power E-CS Data to High power car socket 244 41 26 136 36 4 be 1 CHAdeMO (without CH) proven Data to High power car socket No No No No 96 95 be 1 Type 2 data data data data (without CH) proven Data to High power car socket 239 31 50 124 29 4 be 1 CCS Combo (without CH) proven Data to High power multi- No No 166 101 14 32 19 be standard data data (without CH) proven High power TESLA 32 8 63 18 94 13 1 229 Sub-total Fast-charging power 205 98 418 115 121 409 4 1.370 E-CS 3.869 TOTAL (provisory) 1.170 1.018 3.010 304 1.138 26 10.535 (EAFO)

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Alpine Space Regions Interoperability %age for the E-CS FRANCE (59%) FR42 Alsace 64% FR43 Franche-Comté 59% FR71 Rhônes-Alpes 57% FR82 Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur 54%

GERMANY (46%) DE21 Oberbayern 34% DE27 Schwaben 45% DE14 Tübingen 63% DE13 Freiburg 73%

SLOVENIA (57.77%) SI031 Pomurska 41.18% SI032 Podravska 67.90% SI033 Koroska 80% SI034 Savinjska 31.48% SI035 Zasavska 55.56% SI036 Posavska 40.91% SI037 Jugovzhodna Slovenija 68.42% SI038 Primorsko-notranska 76.92% SI041 Osrednjeslovenska 76.22% SI042 Gorenjska 34.78% SI043 Goriska 40.68% SI044 Obalno-kraska 55.56%

AUSTRIA (75%) AT11 Burgenland 66% AT12 Niederösterreich 68% AT13 Wien 87% AT21 Kärnten 73% AT22 Steiermark 30% AT31 Oberösterreich 74% AT32 Salzburg 72% AT33 Tirol 68% AT34 Vorarlberg 97%

ITALY (39%) ITC4 Lombardia 20% Rest of the country 42%

LIECHTENSTEIN (12%)

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ANNEX 3 – MORE DETAILS ON E-MOTICON SOA – BUSINESS MODELS

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Roaming and Information Platform

Alpine Countries Austria France Germany Italy Slovenia Space (total) Number of Infor- mation platforms 1 1 10 2 4 18 templates Number of Roam- ing platforms tem- 2 2 1 1 0 7 plates

Information platforms: Key activities

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ANNEX 4 - MORE DETAILS ON E-MOTICON STRATEGY e-MOTICON objectives: the project aims to “contribute to the homogeneous diffusion of Electric Mobility throughout the Alpine Space, providing a transnational strategy for seamless use of electric vehicles and charging spots with an integrated approach supported by Pas”. In e-MOTICON Project the term “visions” refers to two different items:

• A long-term vision, which indicates what is expected to be the future of e-mobility in the next 15- 20 years. This includes the evolution of both technical aspects, users’ needs & behaviors and PAs role, activities & organization. • A project-term vision, which indicates what is wanted to be the future of e-mobility in the Alpine Space in the next 3 years, strongly related to e-MOTICON objectives (which should cover, at least, a relevant part of the vision). The Strategic Vision is based on the following main features:

o Public Authorities are a key actor to lead the infrastructure development o The Alpine Space is made of different realities, from Metropolitan Areas to isolated rural/mountain areas. The optimal solutions for transport are multiple: o Local Public Transport in urban, peri-urban and congested areas; o Rails for freight and passenger transport especially for long-range and cross-country trips o Low emissions private transport for small cities, towns and mountain communities. o Technologic solutions are ready and mostly available. It’s now important to choose common solutions, set up common rules and respect them. o Goals can be reached according to a “priority approach” o A set of few, focused and coordinated actions would be sufficient to reach the goals o Communication, education and training are sometime more important than technical aspects

Six strategic Pillars are defined in order to approach the Strategic Vision, and fulfill the strategic objectives:

#1—DEFINE THE BEST POSSIBLE ROLES OF PAS: Within the Alpine Space, Public Authorities play many different roles with regards to charging infrastructure deployment. Choices of PAs can depend on many aspects and can find expression in many different actions. The relevance of PA on two main aspects is crucial: its commitment towards e-mobility and its availability of money for the charging infrastructure. #2—SET SUPRA-REGIONAL COMMON MINIMUM RULES ON INFRASTRUCTURE: setting supraregional common minimum rules should facilitate the deployment of a transnational charging infrastructure #3—IMPROVE THE INFRASTRUCTURE: it has to be noticed that the diffusion of charging points is not homogenous around the Al- pine Space and that relevant differences exist, both from one country to another and from different areas in the same country. This leads to the existence of areas with a high density of charging points (mainly urban and metropolitan areas) but, at the same time, to the existence of completely unequipped areas, especially in rural and mountain areas of some countries. In order to let EV drivers easily travel along the Alpine Space, it is mandatory to cover “black areas” as soon as possible. These parts of territory often represent European Regional Development Fund Report Pag. 10/131 “market failure” areas, where the number of charging events could unlikely create interesting revenues for the service provider. Despite of that, it is due of the Public Authority to provide EV charging as a “public service”, in order to let anybody travel in the whole regional territory without any limits and to allow accessibility also to rural and mountains area,

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often linked to touristic attractions (skiing, wellness, lake sailing, trekking, hiking…). #4—ADOPT AN INTEGRATED, SUPRA-REGIONAL MAPPING TOOL: The need to find a charging station is a common issue for any EV driver. Nowadays, different solutions are co-existing for this purpose, each of them still often doesn’t represent the perfect answer, as they commonly include only a partial representation of the complete infrastructure or partial/not verified information. Moreover, a transnational approach is strongly needed: EV users nowadays have to adopt and compare different instruments. e-MOTICON partners agree on the need for a more structured solution, in order to let drivers, have a sure and reliable source of information for the whole area. They suggest this issue have to be solved by realizing Nation- al official databases for publicly accessible EV recharging points. These databases should provide EV drivers with the location of the charging points, and possibly indicate whether they are free or occupied, out of order, or momentarily not accessible, for each country in the Alpine Space. These databases already exist in some European countries, while are still missing or under development in many other. Once National official databases are available and reliable data are accessible to third parties, it will be a natural consequence to aggregate them into a “transnational map”. #5—EMPOWER COMMUNICATION AMONG PUBLIC AUTHORITIES and USER: in order to create a favorable and homogenous environment for e-mobility development, there is a strong need of communication and coordination among them. The scope of this communication is to commonly identify minimum technical requirements for the infrastructure among different Regions, share knowledge and information about e-mobility, spread knowledge #6—GUARANTEE SYNERGY AMONG PRIVATE AND PUBLIC TRANSPORT: Since private transport still represents the biggest component of urban traffic, it is therefore a crucial aspect on which to intervene through more sustainable solutions as e-mobility. Nevertheless, it has to be taken into serious consideration that local public transport (LPT), especially within metropolitan areas, is one of the most effective modal solution and that a sensible shift from private to public transport would have a very effective impact on sustainability of urban mobility.

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ANNEX 5 – MORE DETAIL ON E-MOTICON REGIONAL ACTION PLANS

Inside these national frameworks more than eight different focuses on specific areas was performed. The e-MOTCON Partners strongly interacted with their territory in order to share their vision and their needs. They also discuss e-MOTICON strategy, that accounts for a common feeling and purpose for all the Alpine Area. The discussion drives to identify proper actions for each territory. Differences among the RAP can be find mainly in selected actions, that accounts not only with a vision, that could be listed uniform in the area, but also with the state of the art of the interoperability of the infrastructure for charging electric vehicles:

• Germany Land, that shows a more mature framework for e-mobility and policy and industrial support to electric charging network deployment, selected implemented actions that refers to Pillar #3 of e-MOTICON strategy. • Italian Regions give more relevance to communication and action on financial items, showing interest to create the proper habitat for a good deployment of an interoperable and transnational electric charging network. • France Partner reveals great attention to partnership involvement and implemented action • Slovenian partners show feeling about planning and implementation of the network. • Austrian Partners show different approach, due to the differences among the type of municipalities: the Alpine Pearls need actions on communication, while the Klagenfurt municipalities is focused on planning and implemented actions.

Some hints on transnational features can also be found:

• Small municipalities, and in particular the Alpine Pearls ones, mainly need actions on communication and information of tourist stakeholders in order to raise awareness regarding the need for and features of charging stations for electric vehicles in tourism; • Bigger cities need clear methodological approach to manage the complexity of their planning action; • Regional bodies need communication among them to increase their effectiveness at national level and to check their goals in a transnational perspective;

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ANNEX 6 – MORE DETAIL ON REGIONAL AND LOCAL PROJECT

Project name Description Project name E-Log Klagenfurt – Austrian e-Mobility Region Klagenfurt on La- ke Wörthersee Project website www.elog-klagenfurt.at Type of Funding project National – Austrian Climate and Energy Fund roject Start- ing/Closing P 2012 - 2015 date Project objective In the electric model region, electric vehicles for companies and organisations with the necessary charging infrastructure were initiated. 1 purely electric truck commuted between the collection centre and the city centre. The additional electricity required for e- vehicles was produced by means of newly installed photovoltaic systems on roof areas in Klagenfurt am Wörthersee. An area of approx. 6,300 m² was required for this. A large number of electric vehicles were implemented. More ve- Project main findings and hicles also mean more electricity. This increases the demand for contributions charging infrastructure not only in public spaces but also among companies.

Main link with e- Main link on establishment on eCS public, semi-public and private SMART infrastructure

e-SMART Link Score 6

Project name Description Project name Elektromobilitätskonzept für den Landkreis München Project website https://www.landkreis- muenchen.de/themen/mobilitaet/elektromobilitaet/ Type of Funding project Kommunale Elektromobilitätskonzepte - BMVI

Project Start- ing/Closing June 2017 – September 2018 date Project objective Assessing solutions for the construction of a interoperable charging infrastructure for electric vehicles.

Project main findings and By installing a common backend software to use for all public contributions charging stations, interoperability can be assured.

Main links on governance and stakeholder structure, focus on: Main link with e•- Recommendations SMART • Recommendations for the development of harmonized infrastructure guidelines

e-SMART Link Score 7

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Project name Description Project name INCIT-EV project »Large demonstratIoN of user CentrIc urban and long-range charging solutions to boosT an engaging deployment of Electric Vehicles in Europe« Project website https://www.eles.si/en/INCIT-EV-project Type of Funding project Horizon 2020 ® Project value: EUR 18.6 million (co-funded by the European Commission in the amount of EUR 15 million) ® Value of ELES's activities: EUR 376.000 (co-funded by the European Commission in the amount of EUR 263.200) ® Source of funding: Horizon 2020 programme (European Commission) Project Start- ing/Closing 2020-2023 date Project objective Demonstrating the use of innovative set of charging infrastructure and technologies and its associated business models.

The INCIT-EV project is designed according with the concept of integral development of infrastructure for mass charging of electric vehicles E8. The concept, which was developed by Eles’s experts, emphasizes the importance of positive electric vehicle user experience, which of course includes simple, intuitive and user- friendly charging, which brings societal benefits as well as benefits for the entire electric power system. In one of the Work- Packages with strong involvement from ELES, the partners will develop an application and services for managing, control and optimization of charging infrastructure in order to provide user friendly charging and driving of electric vehicles. Therefore, it will be necessary to ensure the maximum acceptance of electric vehicles, reduce the cost of charging infrastructure management and reduce the impact of the rapid spread of e-mobility on electric power system. The project will seek the emergence of EV users’ unconscious preferences relying on latest neuroscience techniques to adapt the technological developments to the users’ subjective expectations. Based on the obtained results, the partners will prepare recommendations that will serve as a starting point for the design and development of user- friendly charging infrastructure for decision-makers and e-mobility industry. 5 demo environments at urban, peri-urban and extra-urban con- Project main findings and ditions will be ready for the deployment of 7 use cases, address- contributions ing: - Smart and bi-directional charging optimized at different ag- gregation levels; - Dynamic wireless charging lane in an urban area; - Dynamic wireless charging for long distance; - Charging Hub in a park&ride facility; - Superfast charging systems for EU corridors; - Low power DC bidirectional charging infrastructure for EVs, including two-wheelers; - Opportunity wireless charging for taxi queue lanes in airports & central stations.

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Main link with e- The partners will develop an application and services for managing, SMART control and optimization of charging infrastructure in order to provide user friendly charging and driving of electric vehicles.

The objectives are the same in INCIT-EV as in e-SMART. E- SMART is focused on public road passenger transport and last mile logistic and aims at different end use product, however the

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Project name Description knowhow and links do apply.

ELES is also going to be a part of e-SMART LL.

e-SMART Link Score 7

Source ELES website, as provided above

Project name Description Project name NEDO Project website https://www.eles.si/en/nedo-project Type of Funding project ® Project value: EUR 35 million ® Value of ELES's activities: EUR 15.5 million ® Source of (co)funding: Japanese agency Project Start- ing/Closing 2016-2021 date Project objective Alongside ELES, a large number of stakeholders from Slovenia will participate in the project, which is why it can rightfully be called a national project and the only one of its kind in Europe.

The project objective is the implementation of a smart grid on the national level by means of integrated and centrally managed cloud solutions.

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Instead of investing in grid expansion, the use of advanced Project main findings and secondary equipment, information and communication contributions technologies and cloud solutions will enable better exploitation of the existing grid. Part of ELES's system services, which are primarily provided by coal- and gas- fired power plants, will be provided from electricity storage systems. Consumers will receive a higher quality of electricity supply and the option of actively participating in electricity markets and system services. By informing consumers and utilizing advanced electricity management systems, the focus shall be on the efficient use of electricity.

The key equipment to be contributed by the Japanese partner includes electricity storage systems, advanced distribution management systems (DMS), advanced tools for optimization of electricity consumption in local communities and buildings (EMS – energy management system), and a platform for the inclusion of consumption in system services. It will also be necessary to provide a number of missing passive (measurements) and active (circuit-breakers, regulation transformers) elements in the grid that will enable the implementation of advanced functionalities of coordinated voltage control, conservative voltage reduction, automatic localization of defects and grid selection, closed loop operation, inclusion of reactive sources on the SN and NN levels for the needs of the transmission system operator, short- term forecasting of consumption and local generation, and advanced functionalities of optimized electricity consumption in

This project is co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund through the Interreg Alpine Space programme. 105

Project name Description local communities.

Main link with e- At the kick-off meeting we were introduced in the study visit by ENEL SMART solutions which were demonstrating what the above project is describing: storage system, active (circuit-breakers, regulation transformers) elements in the grid that will enable the implementation of advanced functionalities of coordinated voltage control, conservative voltage reduction, automatic localization of defects and grid selection, closed loop operation.

If these systems are being developed and in Italy, they are already existing, we need to capitalize on existing models.

ELES is also going to be a part of e-SMART LL.

e-SMART Link Score 7

Source ELES website, as provided above

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This project is co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund through the Interreg Alpine Space programme. 106