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A New Record of Mammomonogamus Auris From CJap. J. Parasit., Vol. 31, No. 5, 471-478, Oct., 1982] A New Record of Mammomonogamus auris from the Middle Ear of the Domestic Cats in Japan Etsuro SUGIYAMA*, Rokuro KANO*, Noboru KAGEIt and Shigeo HAYASHIt (Received for publication; August 25, 1982) Key words: Mammomonogamus, Syngamidae, Nematoda, domestic cat, middle ear Introduction from the bronchus of a leopard imported from Thailand. However our case is the Species belonging to the genus Mam first report on the genus from animals liv momonogamus (Syngamidae, Nematoda) ing in Japan. are known as parasites of wild and domes tic mammals, such as cattle, buffalo, sheep, Materials and Methods goat, deer, cat, puma, tiger, hippopotamus, elephant and okapi, and inhabit the We obtained 46 pairs of nematodes from larynx, trachea, bronchus, nasal cavity, the middle ear of domestic cats, Felis catus middle ear and frontal sinus. Geograph Linnaeus, caught in Saitama Pref., Japan, ical distribution is world-wide, reported during the period from Aug. 1981 to Jun. from Asia, Africa, Central and South Amer 1982. Seven cats out of 124 examined were ica. Three species, M. auris, M. ierei and infected (5.6%), and one to eight pairs M. mcgaughei, have been reported from were found from one ear. Of 46 pairs, 45 the domestic cat. were gravid and one was immature. The We obtained nematodes belonging to worms were in both chambers of the mid genus Mammomonogamus from the middle dle ear and there was no unilaterality. We ear of domestic cats caught in Saitama also examined 111 cats caught in Osaka Pref., Japan, and identified them as Mam Pref. and other places but none were in momonogamus auris (Faust et Tang, fected. 1934). The worms were fixed in hot 70% ethyl- There has been only one record on alcohol and cleared with lactophenol. The Mammomonogamus species from Japan. female and the male were permanently Sakamoto et al. (1971) reported M. felis joined in copula, so some specimens were injured during separating manipulation. The summary of this paper was presented at the We measured 11 gravid females and 15 51st annual meeting of the Japanese Society of males which were separated and under Parasitology in Tokyo, Apr. 5, 1982. * Department of Medical Zoology, Faculty of Medi good condition to observe. cine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Yu- shima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113, Japan. Description •f Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Health, Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141, Female and male permanently joined in Japan. (125) 472 Table 1 Measurements in mm (means) Female Male 1. Body length 13.7-25.9 (19.4) 3.9-6.7 (5.5) 2. Body width 0.72-1.19 (1 .08) 0.25-0.45 (0.36) 3. Distance from head end to 5.6-9.6 (7.3 ) vulva (female) 3'. Ratio to body length 31.7-45.2% (38.2%) 4. Width of buccal capsule 0.242-0.455 (0. 360) 0.144-0.202 (0.176) 5. Depth of buccal capsule 0.212-0.303 (0.259) 0.152-0.228 (0.189) 6. Diameter of mouth opening 0.172-0.394 (0. 266) 0.073-0.114 (0.090) 7. Diameter of head 0.394-0.636 (0. 539) 0.192-0.323 (0.257) 8. Distance from head end to 0.657-0.828 (0. 762) 0.404-0. 606a(0.484) nerve ring 9. Distance from head end to 0. 838-1. 295b (1.041) 0.545-0. 778C(0. 670) excretory pore 10. Distance from head end to 0.929-1. 4l7d (1.216) 0.657-0.889*(0. 777) cervical papillae 11. Length of esophagus 0.970-1.265 (1.083) 0.444-0.717 (0.627) 11'. Ratio to body length 4.0-7.8% (5 •9%) 9.9-13.1% (11.4%) 12. Minimal width of esophagus 0.086-0.111 (0. 099) 0.035-0.076 (0.062) 13. Maximal width of esophagus 0.192-0.404 (0. 257) 0.086-0.201 (0.134) 14. Tail length (female) 0.263-0.414f (0. 324) 15. Length of spicules (male) right 0.035-0.0463(0.041) left 0. 038-0.048s(0. 042) 16. Egg 0. 078-0. 096X0. 046-0.058* (0. 089x0. 051) * Number of specimen in measurement is as follows: a, 12; b, 4; c, 11; d, 5; e, 8; r f, 10; ff, 13; h, 33; other data of female, 11; male , 15. copula and showing Y-shaped appearance extending to a short rib. Many small (Fig. 1; Photo. 1). Bright red in color granulations on the inner surface. Through while alive and becoming white or brown head-on view dorsal and ventral sector of after fixed. Body transparent and internal capsular rims broader than other four organs seen while alive. Cuticles very lateral ones (Fig. 4). Esophagus relatively finely striated transversely. Table 1 shows short and posterior half is about twice as the measurements of the worms. wide as anterior half. Nerve ring situated Female: Body uniformly cylindrical and at the middle portion of esophagus. A tapering gradually from vulvar region to pair of non-protuberant cervical papillae either extremity. Posterior end narrowing at the lateral sides of body about the level suddenly and sharply pointed. A pair of of posterior end of esophagus. Excretory phasmids at the caudal end (Fig. 5). Dis pore at the ventral side of body and slight tance of vulva from anterior end of body ly anterior to cervical papillae. is 31.7-43.5% of total body length. Ovar Egg resembling that of hookworm, but ian tubules and uteri reaching near the a little larger than the latter (Fig. 11; level of anus. Mouth widely open at the Photo. 4). Egg shell thick without opercula anterior extremity. Buccal capsule broader and numerous indentation on its surface. than long and cupule-like form (Fig. 3). Egg usually found to be eight-cell stage in At its base eight stoutly-built teeth each the feces of infected cats. (126) 473 Male: Body entirely cylindrical. Buccal Table 2 List of genus Mammomonogamus capsule is as broad as deep (Fig. 2). Other Ryzhikov, 1948 basic characters of the anterior part similar Genotype to those of female. Copulatory spicules 1. M. laryngeus (Railliet, 1899) small and fine (Fig. 10). Right spicule and Host: cattle, buffalo, sheep, goat, deer, man. left one similar and subequal. They could Habitat: trachea, larynx, nasal cavity. be observed only after separation and Geographical distribution: Asia (India, Ma clarification with lactophenol, although in laya), Africa (Cameroon), Central and South some specimens they could not be found. America. Gubernaculum absent. Copulatory bursa supported by blunt rays (Figs. 6, 7). Ven Other species tral rays short and thick, with two branches 2. M. auris (Faust et Tang, 1934) subequal and close together. Lateral rays Host: domestic cat. Habitat: middle ear. having common stem and branching into Geographical distribution: China. three, medio-lateral considerably shorter 3. M. dispar (Diesing, 1851) than the other two. Externo-dorsal ray Host: puma. isolated and relatively long. Dorsal ray Habitat: trachea. bifurcating at the middle part of the ray. Geographical distribution: Brazil. In some specimens it bifurcating at the 4. M. felis (Cameron, 1931) base. Its tip often digitating or having Host: tiger. some appendices, but many variations Habitat: bronchi. about the shape of dorsal ray (Figs. 8, 9). Geographical distribution: Malaya. 5. M. hippopotami (Gedoelst, 1924) Host: hippopotamus. Discussion Habitat: nasal sinuses. Geographical distribution: Zaire. Genus Mammomonogamus was estab 6. M. ierei (Buckley, 1934) lished in 1948 by Ryzhikov, separating Host: domestic cat. from genus Syngamus Siebold, 1836. Ryzhi Habitat: nasal cavity. kov (1949) listed eight species of Mammo Geographical distribution: West Indies. monogamus in his monograph of Syngami- 7. M. indicus (Monnig, 1932) dae, and Skrjabin (1952) added M. auris Host: Indian elephant. and listed nine species. Lengy (1969) pro Habitat: pharynx. posed that family Syngamidae comprised Geographical distribution: India. one genus Syngamus which contained 8. M. loxodontis (Vuylsteke, 1935) Mammomonogamus as subgenus. Barus Host: African elephant. Habitat: trachea. and Tenora reviewed taxonomic problems Geographical distribution: Zaire. of Syngamidae (1972, a), and listed ten 9. M. mcgaughei (Seneviratne, 1954) species of this genus (1972, b) (Table 2). Host: domestic cat. Five species have been recorded from Habitat: frontal sinus, nasal cavity, pharynx. family Felidae, and three have been from Geographical distribution: Sri Lanka. the domestic cat, Fells catus Linnaeus. 10. M. okapiae (Berghe, 1937) Three species from the domestic cat are as Host: okapi. follows. Habitat: trachea, bronchi. Geographical distribution: Zaire. 1. M. auris (Faust et Tang, 1934) * M. nasicola (Linstow, 1899) and M. kingi (Leiper, Habitat: middle ear. 1913) are generally regarded as synonyms of M. Geographical distribution: China. laryngeus. (127) 474 2. M. ierei (Buckley, 1934) covered. Our specimen is morphologically Habitat: nasal cavity. similar to M. ierei. The shape of male Geographical distribution: West Indies. dorsal ray and the length of spicules ac 3. M. mcgaughei (Seneviratne, 1954) cord with those of M. ierei described by Habitat: frontal sinus, nasal cavity, Buckley (1934). However our specimen pharynx. differs from M. ierei in providing ribs in Geographical distribution: Sri Lanka. the buccal capsule. Seneviratne's description (1954) of M. Our specimen under discussion coincides mcgaughei was so insufficient that we could with M. auris on the point that both of not compare our specimen with M. mc them live in the middle ear of the domestic gaughei. It is interesting that he reported cat. Morphologically our specimen has M. auris was also found from the middle some differences from Faust and Tang's ear of cats in his survey.
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