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The Manor of Cumwhitton Cumberland: a study in historical geography
Charnley H. J,
How to cite: Charnley H. J, (1973) The Manor of Cumwhitton Cumberland: a study in historical geography, Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/10022/
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Academic Support O ce, Durham University, University O ce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk THE MATOR OP CtMnJHITTON CUMBERLAND:
A STUDY IN HISTORICAL GEOGRAPHY
VOLUME II VOLUME II
Contents Page
List of illustrations i
List of plates ii
List of appendices 33
Reproduction of part of 1603 Field Book 34
Bibliography - Primary and Secondary 53 1
LIST OE FIGURES
1:1 Curov/hition in the Barony of Gilsland 1
2:1 Cxurwhitton Manor in 1603 3
?:2 Oumwhition - the physical landscape 4
2:3 A survey of soil texture in Cumwhitton manor 5
2:4 Settlement and improved land 1603 e
3:1 Settlement in 1772 7
3:2 Population dynamics in Cumwhitton parish I69I-I83O 8
4:1 Settlement in southern Gilsland. • \q
4:2 Morphology of selected settlements in Gilsland I863 n
4:3i) .Cumwhitton village 1840 , 12
ii) Cumwhitton village 1603 12
5:1 Cumrew and Newbiggin I6O3 14-
5:2 Sector key for Cumwhitton village 15
5:3 Consolidation of farm units in Cumwhitton 1603 16
[)•./'. Sector 2 in Cumwhitton village - fragmentation 17
6:1 Enclosure of the commons in Cumwhitton manor 1801 ]_g
6:2 Enclosure land allocation 15
6:3 Land transactions in Cumwhitton 1603-1832 ici
6:4 Enclosure of King Harry Common 20
6:5 A system of linkages related to the enclosure process in Cumwhittcn
6:6 The estate expansion by the "opportunists" in Cumwhittcn 22
7:1 The distribution of stonehouses in Cumwhitton 1603 25
7:2 Cliarao L crist i cs of the Cumbrian farmstead 25
7: 3 Cumwh j tton village - name elements 27
7:4 Land-use in Cumwhitton village 1603 28
'I: j Open field reconstruction at Hornsby and Moor-tbvra.ito 1828 2 v,
'/:6 The structure of seventeenth century farming in Cumwbitton manor 30
7:7 flightcontb century farming in Cumwhitton y,
'(: "> '?}•<• procors of dissection in the landscape of Cumwhitton yp LJi'iT Oi'' PhATES
Pa^o I. Ouinwhi t bCDi 1.60'] 2
Cu.rowliiU.on l82o, a. reproduction of Bowman's survey 9
3. Oumwhitton village and Cumwhitton Beck from the north west 13
']. Nunfield farm - phauo 1 and phase 2 23
3. A cottage in Hornshy village 23
6. Cumwhitton village, north western row 24
7. A "long" fa.rmhouse in Cumwhitton village 24 PIG. 1:1
Curnwhitton in the Barony of Gilsland 1
CUMWHITTON IN THE BARONY OF GILSLAND
N SPADEADAM
+Brampton
Hayton
Carlisle
Cumwhitton
FOREST OF GELTSDALE
land over 750
miles PLATE 1
Cumwhitton 1603 iff ^mk
l I '/J •
J
I
•IS .-
1 5
i
•
•- N
r \ 1
1
"V
1
."J \
1 1 / PIG. 2:1
Ctimwhitton Manor in 1603 CUMWHITTON 1603
C n rnbngknoll Of / /
(to
COMMON ^1
nl a nd«
V T«rn» TANRIGGE
Moretoot*
Tern bank Scarr
Fell end Orm*sby
The common more
KING
Nether Norsk HENRIF
Over
A copy ol map 713/10 the
Howard of Naworth collect Dept of Pal . Dip Durham
KEY bui Id i ng ~J one re -/ boundary enclosed
boundary ops 00 acres routeways
r (vers
manor boundaries
1 miles Waimersyke PIG. 2:2
Cumwhitton - the physical landscape \
CUMWHITTON
/ THE PHYSICAL LANDSCAPE i 1 r p N <3 v / <-00 ? i P J
r \ \ o o v w r
a,
i r \ r
\\
fa P. \ \ 7 \ k
\ \
\ nr \ r
f~J psot moss
contours at SO 00 ifittrvv/M PIG. 2:3 urvey of soil texture in Cumwhitton manor SURVEY OF SOIL TEXTURE
(after Wood)
No data available
£3 peaty sand pq Peat
["•"] light sand p-"^ loamy sand p=| light loam
heavy loam miles FFR clay i''!G. 2:4 u and improved land 1603 SETTLEMENT IMPROVED LAND 1603
|^ i improved land
meadow
Fl moorland
II pasture
O miles to be viewed in conjunction with Figs 22 + 23 FIG. 3:1
SeVllemont in 1772
(based on Thomas Ramshay's survey) SETTLEMENT in 1772
.1 /
Rani I yf o ot MorleyhMI
Whitehead II
Slo t head1
• Whntef ield
Ho rnsbygate
F ouI poo I
Fa Ho rns by * Fieldhead Gate
Bat es h aw Hill
B urban k
From Thomos Rams hay's p of the Baron y ot
Gilsland number 272
Dept. ot Pal.* Di p. Durham • Stoneygap
farms created bet w e e 1603 and 177 are amed
the limits ot improved land are illustrated
y mi [es FIG. 3:2
Population dynamics in Cumwhitton parish I69I-I83O i
1691
1701
1711
1721 O
1731
1741
1751
1761
1771
1781
1791
l 1801
1811
1821
< PLATE 2
Cumwhitton 1828, a reproduction of Bowman's Survey BOWMAN S SURVEY 1828 .1 • *
-r'
ft* '•6k,
=1
is &4!
s 4»
*9
«0 4 7 v
ft
0 *3 r 7
/
t 4c
1 877 I*
if*., 2
X.* * f i i
7 Si V, %:tk Qc-M* \ 1"
X
"J
I*-
• additional farms 1?>40 miles FIG. 4:1 ement in southern Gilsland 10
SETTLEMENT IN SOUTHERN GILSLAND
^^^^
Brampton
r I
< I
II
i
U1
-1 © .o
1 w
KEY MORPHOLOGY two row green village • irregular cluster with green without
deserted village possible site n village, broad rectangular green PIG. 4:2
Morphology of selected settlements in Gilsland I863 SETTLEMENT MORPHOLOGY 1863 (from 1st ed O.S.)
Ha y ton N
Lav e rs da Ie 1 \
Castle Cnrrock
New bi qain
Cum r ew
1 o miles PIG. 4:3
i) Cumv/bitton village 1840 ii) Cumwhitton village 1603 CUMWHITTON 1840 / (•from the Tithe Survey)
1>» \
10 Cham*
CUMWHITTON 1603 PLATE .3
Cumwhitt Oil V1 J_ J_ CI £T G and Cumwhitton Beck from the nortb west 13
r t PIG. .5:1
Cumrew and Newtiiggin 1603 from the seventeenth century map collection 1.A
CUM REW and NEWBIGG I N 1603 \
1
.IS: CP
J-7
a copy of the 1603 Survey the furlongs are numbered FIG. 5:2
Sector Key for Cumwbitton village CM
LU 10
DC
111 FIG. 5:3
The consolidation of farm-units in Cumwhitton 1603 if. FLG. 5:4
Sector 2 in Cumwhitton village - fragmentation 17
SECTOR 2 FRAGMENTATION /
1
i ""''mil
i
KEY
LAND COTTAGE LANDOWNER
EZZZ J EARLE O J WELLER • R WATSON CHI B A RE A 1 11 II B \ 1 1 11 C PERSON t_±J B R WILSON D 8 Ml LBURN
B no land E ATKINSON T BU R T HO ME a E RE A
1=1 shared grass
J, 0 2 I I miles FIG. 5:1 closure of the commons in Cumwhitton manor, 1801 18
i ENCLOSURE laoi
N \
onei • ft t r/ie/OK/rri
rn /OS*
milt* FIG. 6:2
Enclosure, land allocation
FIG. 6:3
Land transactions in Cumwhitton 1603-1832 ENCLOSURE > Nunfield land allocation.
ui50
UJ Hoorthwai tc ui o: 40 0. umwh tt ton (9 Ca i rnbrinpriqg ik n ol I UJ
°20
Northsceug h's Ho r n s by T E NANT S shares by settlement
Transaction information
derived from Fine Books
2Q
15
Estates exchanged by sale 10
• • > 1 • ' 1 ' 1 • 1 1 ' 1 ' 1 |L 1600 1700 1800
-T I M E" • [cottages sold] PIG. 6:4
Enclosure of King Harry Common ENCLOSURE^ XAND ALLOCATION ON V-KING HARRY COMMON.
KEY
Cumwhitton tenants
Cumrew
[•I Ainstable
| • | Newbiggin
771 Glebe land acreage received in proportion! to stints on the common. 9 . b, milas PIG. 6:5
A system cf linkages related to the process of enclosure
in Cumwhitton 91 u J.
in
a c >- E O «- a c a> C X) V) c 9) o • t_ * £ ^ a a 3 cn <» c —>t7» O cn a u 3 o —I C C c o i_ 3 -»-> • O - W "-a o- 10 o o z ch a a> O O ? * c o. O 41 «1 O 3 a» o
o c c E - o« o at a» X3
c o (A Ui <0 cr 2 — UJ • C* £ z> uj o c O a» a> ? 2 E_ On o cn c E *° 2. t.« at 5°^ a ~ O a a> V) 1 c a> c .2 2 a* o in a a> — c i= E D -Q •+-» c a O c_ • o >s 0) o jc a o a. o * w c
C a* E
^3 a E .E o en — PIG. 6:6
Estate expansion by the "opportunists" in Cumwhitton 1800 1500
40 BO 120 1600 acres 1600 acres LEECH FISHER
1800-- 18U0-
160 0- acres 1600 acres BLACKLOCK H EWITSON PLATE 4
Nunfield Farm
The single storey structure in the foreground represents the eldest dated farmhouse within the manor. The date 1697 is inscribed above the doorway.
PLATE 5
A 1 batched cottage in Hornsby village 23
3 PLATE 6
Cvmwbition village, North Western row, illustrating the late
Georgian farmhouse which characterizes this row.
PLATE 7
A n exnmple of a "long" farmhouse of the S2 variety also within
Gumwhitton village. I
I
II II
11 FIG. 7:1
The distribution of Stonehouses in Cumwhitton l603 THE DISTRIBUTION OF STONEHOUSES IN CUMWHITTON 1603
r\
• stonehouses location of 19c. freestone quar ries
1 PIG. 7:2
Characteristics of the Cumbrian farmstead •
m m a
1
(A
fN
JJ r Q
LU «> xgHSDacf CO
10
lO •- CO • • 01 to B • a C3 CD 3 m
LU PIG. 7:3
Curriv/kiVton village - name elements 1626 and 1840 NAME ELEMENTS 1626*1840
Of tit
!>9 Crook lands
S lac k I a n d C roo k I a n d ha 11
ale
if
VI VI IP
TR
T R TR K-K i rk boroug h TR TR Tarn rigg(from th« Tithe survey!
1 nu Its PIG. 7:4
Land use in Cumwhitton village 1603 28
(A
V
7 CO ID
LU 01
UJ FIG. 7:5
Open Field Reconstruction at Moorthwaite & Hornsby
based on Bowman's.Survey of 1828
i 9(; c, n
/ <
LU to
l/M
C7Q 10
• iiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiliiiiliin ftm1 1 in Li a:
o u. o u
(X CO at CO _J CD lu LU < LU LU a in O Ui o UJ CM FIG. 7:6 Tbe structure of seventeenth century farming in Cumwhitton EVENTEENTH CENTURY FARMING IN CUMWHITTON sou rce wills 1603-1670 N nil. nilIIl II. -nnnill nJli us KEY 100 Valut In pounds of 50 farm unit excluding nil,... 30 household goods 10 valued in pounds 6543211234 1 corn 1 cattle 2 wheat 2 sheep 3 rye 3 horses 4 pig* 1 4 bigg i 5 oats miles 6 peas FIG. 7:7 Eighteenth century farming in Cumwhitton manor 31 18c. FARMING IN CUMWHITTON source-, wills 1720-1740 N 1i, , JI L Ml 1L allflrml l ji fllLli A • n.i,,i_ For the key please refer 0 1 to the preceding map miles FIG. 7:8 The process of dissection in tho : *• .dscape of Cumwbitton 1801 1603 ancient enclosures at 0» Hornsby miles 1828 1840 rr \0 ncient enclosures APPENDIX L i r. b o f A p •) e nd ices lo('3 Survey .Barony Gils] anrt (reproduction 1934). 3:1 Population .in Cumwhitton 1801-51. 3:? Extracts from the .1841 census. 3:1 Conveyance I63I, Fisbgarthholme. 5:2 The 1603 Survey and 1626 Rental - a comparison. 6:1 Enclosure and estate extension 1801. 7:1 Inventory samples - Cumwhitton. 7:2 Seventeenth century inventories - herd size. 34 Reproduction from the Field Book for the Barony of Gilsland of Cumwhitton Manor CUMWiilTTON. •;<.>!. (JSJ. Cmmt'hition. The IVIaner of Cumwhitton lycth ix-twene Matofi grounds and Carlatan grounds on the north: Cumruo grounds & Croglin groundes oh t]ic easte: Ainstable groundes & the river Eden south: tlio saidc river and Corbie ground.-, wrslo. That is to saye begimnge at the footc of Milbcck where it fallefh into Kdcii it gocth up the said becke to the foote oi I iorseniansike: then up tlic saide syke & over Achat mossc by OTt.-.inc dooistous to the hemic of liudsikc: theft downc Hudsikc ;n;.o Carrie: then up Carue to the head thereof and so to YYabncr- sikc A: d.Avne the said sike to Crogiin Water: & downc the said water i;> Co io.yie of joansiko: theft up to the heade of the sjkc, e.: so by ccrtainc do Jo Dixon a feilde of arable adjoyninge more caste: by the com pasture in parte north: Edward Hallos grounde oil the easte: and the becke north and weste 17a. ir. nop. Xpr Earle a pece of ground adjoyninge more south w'h a tenem' upoii it: betwene the tenemt of Anne Huitsoh on the weste & the tenehit of Tho Langrig easte: buttinge north upon the towne grene: south upon the becke. red p anh 2a. nr. i$p. Tho: Langrig a tenem' and ground adjoyninge more easte: buttingc as the former red p anh na. -y. lop. . Jo Earlc a tenem' and ground adjoyninge more east: buttinge as the former reel p ann la. or. lop. Jo Dixon a tenemt and ground adjoyninge more east: buttinge as the former: \v"> a stonehouse built upon the grene. red: p anh la. nr. op. Richard Watson a tenemt and ground adjoyninge more easte: buttinge as before. red p ann 22d. oa. 2r- °P- Jo: Weller a tenem' and ground adjoyninge more easte: but• tinge as ye former, red p ann 35. la. or. i$p. Tinlawe. Edward Hall a tenem' more easte wth a crofte adjoyninge more north called Tinlawe: hinge betwene the lane oh the easte: and Jo Dixons foresaid feilde o:a the weste: buttinge north upon the comon pasture and another litle lane red p anh 26a. or. op. Xpr Person a close of arable more north betwene the said litle lane south: and the common pasture east, north and weste 4a. ir. nop. Other groundes and teneihts more easte: betwene the towngreh and the comon lane oh the weste: the common pasture oh the north and easte: and a common waie by the churchyard and Churchland on the south. Bartholmew Milburne a pece of grounde by the said com lane oh the weste: Jo Earles grounde north and a comon feildwaye south $a. nr. op. Jo Earle a pece of arable & pastr adjoyninge more north: by the said comon lane weste and the comoh pasture north 17a. or. op. . Jo: Waller, Anthonie Rea, and Ric Watson: a pece of gras- ground adjoyninge more east: betwene the arable landes oh the south, and ye comoii pasture oh the north and in parte easte 19a. or. op. . Weller 2 pies, to Reaes one. Jo Weller and Anthonie Rea a THE BARONY OF GILSLAND. 123 square pece of grasground adjoyningc more easto: by Nich: Halles grounde oh the east and the common pasture on the north 2a. nr. op. [fol. 99.] Nich: Halt a close of pasture adjoyninge more caste: by the com pastre oh the north and eastc and the com feildwaie oh the south 6a. or. 2op. Jo Weller a thre cornerd pece in the feild adjoyninge, more west: by the said waye on the south la. ir. 2$p. Anthonie Rea the next pece west: buttinge south upon the saide waye oa. y. 2op. Jo: Weller the next pece weste: buttinge south as before 2a. or. lop. Anth Rea the next pece weste: buttinge south as before la. or. lop. Jo Weller-the next pece weste: buttinge south as before 2a. ir. i$p. Antfi. Rea the nexte pece weste: buttinge south as before la. lr. l^p. Jo Weller the next pece weste: buttinge south as before la. or. i$p- Anthonie Rea the next pece weste beinge a headlande oh the west and buttinge south as before oa. ir. $Sp. Rich: Watson a pece more west: by the said waie south: butting east (as also 6 peces nexte followinge) upon the former headlande oa. or. 33^. Anth: Rea the next pece northwarde oa. 3/. $p. Rowland Wilson the next pece northwarde: extendinge some• what farther weste is. or. 35^. Anthonie Rea the next pece northward oa. 2r„ $p. Xpr Person the next pece northward la. ir. $p. Richard Watson the next pece northward oa. 2r. op. The same Rich: the next pece northwarde: by the partable grasgrounde north and in parte easte , 2a. $r. op. Nicholas Halt a pece of grasgrounde more south hinge in length by the feildwaie oh the north: buttinge easte upon the comon pasture west upon a roode of the widowe Rea 12a. ir. op. Thomas Dridoh the nexte pece southward grasground, by Wm Acheson south: buttinge as the former • 20a. ir. -;.op. • Elsabeth Rea widowe a rood of af land beinge a headland at the weste endes of the 2 former peecs buttinge north upon the way oa. ir. i5p. 124 THE BARONY OF GILSLAND. Anthonie Rea a pece adjoyninge more weste: by the streete weste: the feildwaie north: and Nich. Hall south 2a. 2r. op. Nich: Halt a tente and ground adjoyninge more south', by William Achesoh easte: Tho Dridoii south, and the streete weste. 3a. y. op. \V'm Achesoh a pece of at and pasture adjoyninge more easte: and it extendeth eastward betwenc the former ground of Tho Dridon on the north and easte: and the comoh pasture south 17a. cr. op. Tho: Dridon a tehte and grounde adjoyninge more south: by the two former oh the north: buttinge easte upon the Comoh pasture: weste upon the greene: w'h a house & a. litle yard at the said weste end situate upon the grche by the becke side, red p anh 5a. or. lop. \\"m Achesoh a tenemt and ground adjoyninge more south by the becke on the south: buttinge east and weste as the former, red p aim 4a. ir. -lop. Cumwhitton Church. The church and churchyard, & a pece of churchlande adjoyninge more south: betwene the saide becke north and a common waie south: buttinge easte and,weste as before. The Churchlande is belonginge to the Abbye of Carlile: and is nowe in ferme of Mistresse Middletoh . ia. ir. op. [fol. 99d.] Rowland Wilson a cotage built upon the grene: by the churchyard oh the easte red p anh 2s. Xpfer Person a cotage there adjoyninge by the said church- yarde easfe as the former red p anh 2s. Bartholmew Milburne a cotagc more north built upon the greene by the ende of the litle short lane oh the south red p anh Anthonie Rea a 'cotage and yard adjoyninge by the said lane south and the becke easte red p anh oa. ir. op Elsabeth Rea widowe a cotage built upon the grehe at the northweste corner of the former yard, red p aim 6d. Other tenerhts and grounds more south: betwer.e the saide waie next the Churchland '& the com pasture north: the town- grene in parte west: and the said com pasture south and easte etc. Humfrye Achesoh a tenem' and ground: by the; com pasture & the said way next the churchlande north: buttinge weste upon the greene: east upoiythe partable lande betwene him & RolSt Earle. red pah 16a. or. zop. RoDt Earle a teneiht and ground adjoyninge more towards the THE BARONY OF GILSLAND. 125 southwest by Rowland Scarrowes ground west butiinge as the former, red p anh 19a. ir. op. The said Rotite and Humfrye holde a pece of grasground called Stonefall at the easte end of the former peece: by Nunland south and the comon pasture north and easte 20a. ir. op. Rowland Scarrowe a tenemt and grounde more weste: by the foresaid tenem4 and grounde of Rot>t Earle easte: buttinge north upon the greene: south upon ah acre of Humfry Langrigh red p anh 19a. op. Tho Burthom a cotage built upon the east side of the lane: neare to the former tenem' and the south corner of the grene. red j> ah 4 Scarrowhill. Anthonie Greme a tencm' and a parcell of ground at Scarrowhill by the common pasture oh the north and buttinge east and weste upon the said pasture, red p ann pa. 2r. op. The same Anthonie another pece adjojminge more south: shorter west: and buttingc east wt)l a narrow end upon the former pece. It is holdeh partablie oi the 2 Lords of Corbie etc. oa. ir. nop. The Morefoote. Anthonie Scarrowe a stonehouse at the easte ende'of the former wth diverse frelands therunto appertayninge: together also wlh diverse tenemts and landes of other mens, liinge there and more weste at the Morefoote: betwene the comoh pasture oh the nor,th and south and beinge holdeh of diverse Lordes etc. 74a. 3r. op. In ye furlonge marked wth. 4. Jo: Burtom a'tenem* and pece of grounde liinge at the west pte of the feTde (in the furlonge marked wlh the figure 4) liinge by the coin past1 weste: and buttinge north & south upon the Common ia. or. nop. James Scarbwe a tenemt w"1 a litle curtilage there more easte in y° same furlonge: by the com past1 east north & west red p anh oa. or. i$p. The same James a pece of land in that farlonge more south: betwene Jo Dod oh the east and Jo Greme on the west.e: buttinge south upon Jo Burtoms grounde aforesaid oa. ir. $p. The same James a pece there more easte by Jo Dod oh the weste: and beinge a headlande oh tire east: buttinge south as the former: & extendinge north almost to the common oa. ir. ^Sp. in the furlong marked wlh 3. The same James a litle short pece adjoyninge more east (in the furlonge marked wth the figure 3) by Jo Greme oh the east: butting north upon his owne lande oa. ir. 2>P- The same James another pece at the northend of the former: betwene Jo Dod south and Jo Greme north: buttinge west upon his former headland za. or. op. The same James another pece more south in the same furlonge: betwene Jo Greme north & the Comoh south: buttinge weste as the formr 1 oa. ir. nop. in the furlonge marked zwth 2.. The same James a pece more easte (in the furlong marked wtu 2) betwene the wiclowe Atkinson oh the westc and Jo Greme oh the caste: buttinge south upon the comoh pasture oa. nr. np. THE BARONY OF GILSLAND. 127 The same James a pece there more easte: betwene Jo Dod on the west and Michaetl Muncasters headlande oh the easte, but• tinge'south as the former oa. 2r. i$p. In the furlongs marked wth 1. The same James hath one roode pcell of 4 roods liinge together in one pece more easte (in the furlonge marked wth 1) by the com pasture south: buttinge east npoh the said comon: west upon the foresaid headland of Mich: Muncasters. The other 3 roods are Jo Dods, Jo Gremss & Mich: Muncasters oa. ir. zop. The same James hath the next pece northward by Jo Greme oh y° north: buttinge easte and weste as the former ia. or. $2p. The same James hath a pece there more north: betwene Jo Dod oh the south and Jo Greme oh the north: buttinge as the former xa. ir. zop. [fol. iood.] Rotjt Scarrow hath a cotage & curtilage more north: betwene the com pastrr north and the widowe Coulterde south: buttinge east and weste upon the Common oa. or. 30^. The widowe Coulterd a tenem' & yard adjoyninge more east betwene the Comoh north and the feild south: butting west upon ye formr ia. or. $op. Other tenerhts and grounds more easte called Ornesbye: compassed about w'h the comon pasture's on everie side etc. Mr Dacre a croft beinge a decaied tenem' (neare to Anth. Scarrows house) by a tenem' late Patensohs nowe in ten of Jo Dowsoh in pte, & the com pasture in parte easte: and the said com pasture north, weste, and in parte south iSc. 2r. op. A tenemt and crofte adjoyninge more to the southeaste: late Patensohs: nowe in ten of Jo Dowsoh: by the Comoh easte and north: and the streete west, latelie escheated to the Lord red p anh 5a. y. op. Jo Person a tenemt and croft and croft more to the southweste oh the other side of the waie: betwen'e the Common & a pightle of Rot)t Burtorhs easte: the comon lanes north and south: and the comoh pasture weste of Mr Skeltons fee 10a. or. 2op. RoBt Burton a pightle adjoyninge more easte: by the said com lane & com pasture oh the south and easte la. y. op. Mr Dacre diverse tenemts and grounde more south: betwene the saide comon lane iiorth: the streete and diverse purprestures in the street east: the grounds late Patensons south: and the .com pasture west ; 21a. y. op. 128 THE BARONY OF GILSLAND. A pece of ground late Patensons liinge \vthin the former groundes on the south parte thereof: buttinge south upon the com pasture: .& compassed on all other pts wth the former grounde. It is pcell of the land escheated to the Lorde la. nr. op. Another pece of the said escheated land late Patensons there more easte: by the former ground of Mr Dacre west and north: and another pece of Mr Dacres ground east: buttinge south upon the Comoh pasture 3a. or. op. Mr Dacre a pece adjoyninge more easte by the comon south: and the ground late the said. Patensons easte 3a. or. op. A tenemt & crofte adjoyninge more easte late Patensons, now in tenure of Rotit Burton: betwene the com pasture oh the south and east the foresaid ground of Mr Dacre & the streete north latelie escheated to the Lorde red p anh 11a. or. op. Robt Burton a cotage & curtilage more north (beinge a pur- presture oh the west side of the streete (at the letter c. in the MAP) red oa. or. i$p. Jo Milburne a house more east oh the other side of the waie (at the letter d.) built upon the Lords waste, red p anh nd. \Vm Wallis a cotage oh the west side of the waie (at the letter e) at the north end of Rot)t Burtons curtilage: built upon the wast, reel g ah 40*. Jo Atkinson a cotage & curtilage adjoyninge more north beinge a prprestr oh the west side of the waie (at the letter f.)' red p anh oa. or. i$p. [fol. 101.] Xpr Atkinson a cotage more north oh the weste side of the waie (at the letter g.) built upon the waste, reel p anh nd. Hugh Atkinson a cotage more north oh the weste side of the waie (at the letter h.) built upon the waste, red p anh qd. Rob: Hodsoh a cotage & curtilage adjoyninge more north: beinge a purpresture on the same side of the waie (at the letter i.) redd per anh 5a!. oa. or. nop. Mr Dacre diverse tenemts w"1 grounde adjoyninge more easte oh the other side of the waie: betwene the waie weste: the com pastr north: the ground of Anth Nicholson and Jo Hall easte: and a com feilde path south 17a. or. op. Anthonie Nicholson and Jo Hall 2 tenemts and ground adjoyn• inge more south oh the other side of the said path: by the streete and comoh, south: and M1" Dacres grounde easte: Whereof Nicholson- hath the corner house beinge more north, red p ann 5s. 3a. or. nop. THE BARONY OF GILSLAND. I29 Hail the other house more south red JJ ami 5s. 3a. oc. 20^. Mr Dacre a feild adjoyninge more easte: by the comon south: ye ground of the said Nicholson & Hall easte: and the said path north 31*- 2r. iop. Anth. Nicholson and Jo Hall a pece adjoyninge more easte: by the highwaie easte: buttinge north upon the said path: south upofi a nooke of the former pece 5a. )r. op. The same Anth and Jo: another pece at the north ende of the form1 oh the other side of the path: by Mr Dacre north and weste, & the highwaye easte: and it extendeth northward at the weste end wth a narrow sponge to the com pasture, betwene Mr Dacres grounde 4a. 2r. lop. Mr Dacre a pece adjoyninge north: by the former pece on the south and weste: the com pasture north & the highwaie easte 6a. ir. 20p. Mr Dacre a pece there more easte, betwene the Common north and easte: the grounde late Patensons south: and the highwaie west 25a. 2J'. op. A pece there late Patensons: pceil of the escheated lande: liinge wthin the former pece oh the north east & south: buttinge west upon the highwaye 5a. or. op. Another pece there more easte late the said Patensons: gcell of the escheated lande: liinge likewise wthin the former pece oi Mr Dacres on the north, west and south: buttinge easte upon the Comon ia. or. op. Another pece there more south: parcell of the said escheated lande late Patensons: by the former pece of Mr Dacres north: butting west upon the highwaie: easte upon a medow pightle late Eliz. Mires 8a. %y. op. A medow pightle at the easte end of the former, late Elsabeth Mires widowe: by the com pasture north, east and south 40. 3»\ op. Mr Dacre a pece at the south weste corner of the former: by the former pece late Patensons north: buttinge weste upon the highwaye, east upoil the comon pasture 10a. ir. 20p. Anthonie Nicholson and Jo Hall a pece adjoyninge more south by ye common pasture on the south and easte: buttinge west upon the highwaie la. ir. op. [fol. ioid.] Norskue. Other grounds more to the southeaste called Norskue liinge betwene the com pastures oh the east north and west: and Norskuebecke on the south. K 130 THE BARONY OF GILSLAND. Nethemorskue. Three tenehits bcinge Stonehowses wlh their grounds adjoyninge called Nether Norskue: liinge betwene the com pasture east north and west: the said com pastr & Rofct Homes his grounde south: devided equalhe to 3 tenants. Whereof Lane Myers hath the tenemt most eastward, reel p ann 37a. ir. 27P. IioBt Watson the middle tenem1 red ,p ann 37a. ir. ?.6p. Jo Nicholson the tente most west, red p arm 37a. ir. ?.6p. Over?wrskue. Rot)t Homes a tencm4 and ground adjoyninge more south: by Tho Leches ground south: and the comon pasture east and weste. red'p ah iga. ir. op. Tho Leche a tenemt and groundc adjoyninge more south in forme of a harpe: by the comoh past1 south and weste. red p arm ga. 3/. op. Jo: Ivesoh a tcnemt and ground mors easte: by Saunder Leches tenemt south and weste: and the comon pasture north & east, red p an 14a. 3/. op. Saunder Leche a tenemt and ground adjoyninge more south bcinge a stonehouse by Jo Nicholson jufi south: buttinge weste upon the com pasture: east upon the formr ground, red p ann . 15a. ir. op. Jo Nicholson jufi a tenem* and ground adjoyninge more south by \Vm Robsoh south: buttinge easte upon Jo Nicholson sen: west upon ye com pasture, red p anh 13a. or. op. Wm Robsofi a tenemt and ground adjoyninge more south: by Norskuebecke on the south: the said becke and the comon pasture on ye west and Jc Nicholson sen east, red p ann 27a. or. op. The Knotte. Jo Nicholson sen a tenemt and ground adjoyninge more easte called the Knotte beinge a stonehouse: by the foresaid grounds of Iveson Lech and Nicholson jun north: and the comoh pasture east & south red p anh 21a. or. op. Other tenemts and grounds liinge in diverse places neare to the outward bounds of this Lordship, etc. Petewath. Twoe tenemts at Petewath wth the grounds adjoyn• inge: betwene the river Eden oh the weste: and the comon pasture south east and north. Wherof Wra Bird hath the house next the river beinge a stonehouse: redd p anh 21a. ir. op. Jo: Huetsoh the other house, redd p ann 21a. ir. op. The Holme. Rotit Earle a tenemt and croft more west called the Holme beinge' a stohehouse: by the said river Eden south: THE BARONY OF GIL.SLAND. and the comon pasture oil the easte north and weste. red p ann 24a. or. zap. Fitsgarthholme. Robt Scarrowe a tenemt and crofte more weste called Fitsgarthholm beinge a stonehouse: by the River Eden south and weste: and the comon pasture east and north, redd p ami 16a. or. op. [fol. 102.] Carnbrigknoll. Three tenemts more north and their grounds adjoyninge called Carnbrig Knoll: liinge together at Hudsike: betwene the said sike 011 the west, the river Carne on the north: and the common pasture east and south whereof Jo Halt hath the house and yard most eastwarde: by a li tie lane on the weste and the comon east and south, red ; ah 5s. Mathewe Hall the middle house and yard, red p an 5s. Michell Railtoh the house and yard most weste by the common, oh the weste, red p ann 5s. 31a. ir. 2op. And the crofte adjoyninge more north by the river north: devidable amongst them cont. The Lorde hath a watermill there more east about some 2 furlongs eastwarde upon the river Carne. Humfry Atkinson a pightle of medowe more easte, over against Carlatan grounde: betwene Carne on the easte, & the common pasture south, west, & north 3a. or. op. The Milmedowes. The Lorde hath a watermill there more south: wtu diverse parcells of medow adjoyninge: Whereof one pece lieth on the easte of the mill betwene the newe river oh the weste side and south ende: and the old watercorse on the east side & north ende: And hereof Franc Scarffs is tenaunt to one haulf. red p ann 25. 6d., and Rowland & Anth Scarrowe and Rofct Earle to the other half by the yearlie rent of lod. a pece 8a. or. op. Xpr Earle a parcell of meclowe oil the west side of the mill & newe river, from the mill northward, red p ann 3a. 3c. 20^. An Huitsofi widowe the other pece of medowe at the southend ot the former from the milt southward, reot p anfi 3a. •y. zop. Tombanke. Tho Davison a tenemt and crofte more east called Tombanke: by Carne north: and the comoh pasture easte south and weste: redpanh 13a. ir. 2op. The Fellende. Lante Bird a tenemt and croft more east called the Fellende: beinge a stonehouse: betwene Carne oh the north and easte: and the comon pasture on the south and easte. reel p ann. 132 THE BARONY OF GILSLAND. It was, late Graies & is holder! by the office of keeping a flocke of weathers 23a. or. op. Carnmcdowes. Anth. Scarrow late Jo Ivesoh hath a medowe at the easte ende of the former betwene Carne oh the north and the com pasture south: buttinge easte upon the iorde. This was Jo Ivesoh of Curnrie. red p anfi 22(1. 5a. ir. op. Jo Tomson jun: Kcnr Gill sen: \Vm Graie & Adam Grasoh: all 4 tenants of Cumrue holde equallie amongst them the next pece of medowe eastward betwene the 2 ford.es east and west: Carne north and the comoh pasture south: paiinge everie one of them •22d. p ami 23a. nr. 20p. Domin8 a pasture close adjoyninge more easte: betwene Carne on the north and easte: and the com pasture south and weste. This is in ten of Adam Dixon as pteyninge to the office of Baly- •wicke of Cumrue: & yet paith a rent of j> ann iSa. or. op. Walmersike. Georga Dixon occupieth (as a part of Croglin grounde a severall pastre more to the southeast at Walmersike: liinge betwene the comons of Cumrue and of this Lordship on the north: Croglin grounds & Croglin water oh the easte and in parte south: and J oansike on the south weste 121a. ir. 2op. The Comons of this Lordship liing dispersed by or neare the utmost bounds and compassinge in the Severalls doe joyne them• selves in one: and conteine 4218a. or. op. •'OiTLA'j'IOf; IN ClklMNRTGN CENSUS RETURNS 60 01 500 Cjurnwh itt on total population 4 00 Northsceugh* Moorthwaite 300 C u mwh itton sector a. 200 o a. H = Hutch inson's estimate 100 1301 21 31 41 51 61 71 81 M E 1321 1811 1821 1831 1841 1851 >'uinwlii I ton (Tolal) 478 533 579 533 574 :\'Pl,!icu:oU;2:li with 308 259 255 216 184 "i(;nrt bv/'i.;L"u e 75 45 ('u.'n'.-jbi'L ton 170 285 324 242 APPENDIX 3:2 tp, eta from the 1841 Census Dwell in;" Numbbr Township inhabitod uninhabited Place ('\ih^'::ittoa 38 3 Nor+bsceugb 11 4 Hoortbwaite 4 Cumwhitton Ad APPENDIX 5:1 A Purchase of a Toneroent (163I) Robt. Scarrcw of Fisbgartbbolme yeoman in consideration of the sum of £50, "by Thos. Scarrow of Carlatton tenure and occupation of Robt. Scarrow or bis a,ssignes the annual yrly rent of 3s 4d together wiih bouses, barns, buildings, garths, tofts, crofts, orchards, closes a.nd arable lands, meadows, grassings, pastures, commons, commons of turbgry, fences, mosses ... to Thcs. Scarrow according to the custom of tenant right. •- -< H x tn ^0 <-, H > H 1 - J. r: : • "-J :o *U u ^ X a tn r ; j !~; O 0 0 n H 3' o ^ J H- 5) 0 a> M '?» 'V' M rf X Hi M 0,i ); ;' 1 1 H ;-j h ^ T) » • i--J (•J O. 1— H !—> 0 i— iQ r+ r- ••: f.n r< O 3 n o (/) O ;j hi H* 0 !3 IQ 3 M iQ M D 0 XI C X) X H r M i/1 'n to X) XI XI a: ; a XI r W m 0' n n !V rt IO Ui L'l 10 L.0 In L0 0J In Ln o XI m in in in w in in W (/) w in (/) 0) 2 3 k» O o O O o to to co o o O O <-+ a o a a GJ a a a a a a a if> Ort CO O W3 a (DID W rt t» in b) I—1 O I—1 I—1 CO CO to > 0 X 3 0 0 r+ MOUJH'OUJtOOLOtOLO X) O 3 rt tO fo O M H1 H-4 OOO UiOOOOuiO •a H'MMMr-' tO tO M CO t-'l-'H'l-'rJ 'O O i£> O' <1 O M Ln 0> O CO CO CO ^1 wow » H tr rt d Jl tO U) OtO MMMtOOOLoCLOO to ro 3 ^J 1 CO to to M CO U CO h- CO L0 OOOOOLoOOOOOOUOOOLnO to tj to L0 CO 4- to Ln ^ to In 3 C TJ O '/J SU i—' O" i i i I I I o n ; 3 i i-l 0 I y M J oonnnTinonooTiTinnonn 0 H' I O P i 3 rt rf m I to n CO Ui Ui Ln Ln Lo O O O O O CO CO N! \) -APPENDIX <>:1 >'>c loc/tc-1 Examples of End ointre ancl Estate Ext ens i on in Cunmiiitton Acreage before enclosure (excluding rights to Acreage Occupant common pasture) after enclosure w. Pall 26 61 * + w. Mori oy 22 36 •* + Earle 19 30 -;<• + p P.obin: on 16 50 'r. Pist'cr 17 40 -* w. Pearson 20 62 w. m acklock 12 54 + J. Earl 17 35 p. Earl 17 48 i'1. Moriey 26 44 J. Lc ngrigg 20 40 . A. Pryii en 20 44 + 11. Pryden 18 38 + M. Agl :i on by 23 53 f. Bird 13 41 P. Boll 15 41 Key: * Estates whicb changed hands 1800-1830 + Distance factor introduced after enclosure (fragmentation of estates) APFKiJMX 7:1 ills !---;-io e.f I0.11.'! j'"b It ems Value Month £ s "17 G. S'k a C 0 1 nag 1 0 January 1 hoi for 3 1 whether + 1 ewe 12 for all the corne threshed & certain 10 4 fodder for 11 pocks of rye sown upon the ground 1 0 1617 A. Loach All the corne in the High North- barn threshed, hay, Sceugb) straw and feed 10 0 December corn sown upon the grounde 1 0 1 cow, young heifer, 2 calves 3 0 1 grey ma.re 1 10 1 mare + foal 1 0 1 sow + 2 pigs 13 flax, hemp, lynseed 13 certain wocl 1 0 1616 Pr. Scarf e 1 horse 1 10 May (Domesnc 4 oxen 4 0 Farm) 2 cattle 2 0 2 young heifers, 1 calf 7 11 whether sheep 2 2 9 young sheep 1 10 corn,haye & grasse 3 6 173C J. Bird horse, saddle, apparel 20 0 May (Fcllend) 150 sheep & lambs 32 0 black cattle, heifers and. steers 15 0 9 cows & 1 bull 23 0 5 horses & 1 mare 7 0 bigg, barley growing upon ye grande 9 c oats& peas 5 10 wool 3 0 1731 W. Morloy 3 horses 9 0 June (Demesne 9 cews, 1 bull 18 0 Farm) 4 oxen 8 10 6 young beasts 14 0 sheep 20 0 crop groxving 35 0 swine & poultry l 7 bees 1 5 xvool 2 15 APPFNDIX 7:2 Herd Sizo« in Ciimwbitton frcro Inventories Sevontccnth Century Inventorics Settj. omont She ejo Catt 1 e Cumwhitton 20 9 49 9 20 8 13 3 40 6 3 2 9 0 45 9 Hornshy 19 8 7 0 23 5 20 2 89 6 27 6 42 0 15 o Mocrtbwaitc 75 0 Carnbri picric 11 4 4 Scarrc-wbill 17 3 NorthGccugb L 0 22 6 12 2 Sources li.;1,ca in tho toKi and reviewed in the f o L low i ug :c-are classified vi'M i . DU-IKLH. !)(j,xir-i;mont of Palaeography and Diplomatic. Howard of Naworth Collect Ion. P. Carlisle Record Off LOO - Enclosure Awards. Tithe Surveys, P r o o a t e Inventories. 3- Tullio Rouse Carlisle. Local History Collection. 4. Palace Green Library, Durham. Local history section, invaluable for secondary soiree material. Durham The MOVKUVI o" Lav/o eth Collection lodged here is vast. The majority of tiio contents have been catalogued in three large volumes, but a number of records (especially leather-bound volumes) remain unoutaiogaed.. The material is largely heterogenous. A. variety of source material was thus consulted. For the purposes of this thesis the moat important and incidentally most rare source materials were, i) the Lao Collection and Survey of 1603, H of N, 173-10 n) Thomas Pamsbay's Map of 1772, H of N, 27IA, of which tlion; • TO three copies in varying states of repair, and >-ao of villi oh was dated 1771 iii) Map and Survey by E. Bowman, H of N, 272A, 1828-1831. This ror, :> is in excellent condition and is supported by two detailed Field Books iv) 1st oditicn O.S. Gilsland 6" mile, I863. 'i h.; 'i'i'.iio Auard and two alans for Curnv/hitton (l8'10) woro cmsnl I, <;il, and a 11 woro in a Rood staio of prcservat ion. 'I'IK; FJno] or.;uro Award and plans (l80l) were likewise consulted. Tlx; la.aa bowevoi] wore rather dilapidated. Tito Probate Inventory Collection in Carlisle is extensive •'ram I he .a x.!.ooui/i century onward. Unfortunately these inventories arc oata l.oguod by individual surnames rather than by manor, so a painstaking search through the volumes was the only alternative. An index of ma.nors has, however, begun. The local history section at Tullie House proved useful, particularly in exa.mina.tion of the back copies of the "Cumbrian News", and the magazine "Cumbria". An extremely useful source of much secondary material was Hodgson, il.W. (1968) A Bibliography of the history and "opography for Cumberland and Westmorland. (Published by the Joint Archives Committee Tor the Record Office H.M.S.O.) • ri ? : Second^ ry Source Mat erial _ •> A. ( I'-'ol) Mr. Gilplin find manorial customs. CWAAS N.5. Vol. LXI lyol. pp.il ey, J. & Cull ey, G. (1797) A General View of the Agriculture of Northumberland, Cumberland and Westmorland. (1813) A recent facsimile (1972) has "been produced of this edition. Pa in or id. go, T.II. (i9/13) Land Utilisation in Cumbria, mid-nineteenth century 1/1..CWAAS ?J.S. Vol. XLIII 1943 pp. 87-96. Ip.inoridgo, T.H. (1942) Eighteenth century agriculture in Cumbria in.CWA\3 P.P. Vol. XLIV 1942 pp. 56-66. __Baker, A.II. et al. (eds.) (1970) Geographical Interpretations of Historical Sources. David & Charles. Baker, A.11. e': oil. (eds.) (1972) Progress in historical geography. David ,% Charles. Pirloy, M.W. (1961) The English Farmhouse and Cottage. Rout ledge Koga.n Paul . .%.?U?pJ"pr(i, CP. (l959) Around Eden, an anthology of fact and legend from and aroand the Eden valley. Appleby, Whitehead. Beresford, Pi.W. (1963) List villages of England. Lutter?/orth Press. JBorcfif ord, M.W. (1961) Inaugural lecture "Time and Place". Pnivorsiiy uf Leeds. Peresi'ord X' Pnrst, J.G. (eds.) (l97l) Deserted Medieval Villages. LuI;teruor'iPi Prcss. Blake, G.II. (1969) The Origins and Evolution of Israel's Mosbav in k. 109, 297. . Boueh, C.M.fc. & Jones, G.P. (1961) A short economic and social Pis Lory of the Lake Counties 1500-1830. Manchester University Pres. Pranski'll, P.W. (1-953) The Development of the small house in the Wei Valley from I65O-I84O. CWAAS N.S. Vol. LIII pp. I6O-I89. Pee also Iris contribution in Bouoh and. Jones. '"uln^r, T.F. (]/>.') A Directory of East Cumberland. _ ru ;/i in , a.a. ("0---;/ Tkaa^ Humbert and Field Systems in _Ag. Wir.z . Hag. XII • ,;,r i II pp. 99-120. j;:i!.-ui)])pr::, J. l». (l9'10) li'icloauro and the small landowner, in !\a. ?iir-;t. Hey. 118. ,Ch imho.r-'J'i Ji> -Ji£i''U'i » G.E. (1966) The Agricultural Revolution 1750-1880. BatsforJ. .Ghisholm. (1962) Rural Settlement and Land Use. Hutchinson. C lork. (1890) A Journic to Carlisle and Penrith 1731- Carlisle. Cons on, M.R.G. (196O) -A-lnwiak Northumberla.nd: a study in town plan analysis. j[l»B.G. ). London. Conzea, M.R.G. (1949) Modern Settlement in Scientific Survey of North Eastern England. British Assoc. for Adv. Science. Darby, H.C. (1965). An Historical Geography of England before 1800. Cambridge university Press. Daysli, G.ii.J. Caesar. (1951) Tne North West Region of England, in IVfcud i••!."; in Regional Economic Planning. Doiiman. (1969) Ina.ugu.ral lecture, University of Leeds. ...Dickinson, W. [lo'j?) Prize Essay. Journal of the Royal Ag. Soc. Vol. XIII I8p2. _.Dickinson, W.a. (1965) Dialect of Cumberland. Kraus Reprint Ltd. ,'Dilley. R.o. (lrjo'j) The Cumberland Court Leet and the use of the common lands, in CWAAS N.S. Vol. XVII pp. 125-151. D.illcy_, U.S. (1970) Words in the Agrarian History of Cumberland, ]-97° PP. 192-205. Jhigdalo, Sir W. (i T17) Konasticw Anglicanam. London. JjhaltJJ,.} K. (ed.) (j.967) EngLish Place Names. Oxford Dictionary. ifij iiott; C.B. (1-959) 'J'li3 system of cultivation and evidence of enclosure in the Cumberland open fields in the sixteenth century, inJJWAAS N.S. Vol. LIX 1959 pp. 92-102. JSl!APjb Systems. Chapter 'j, Fieldr S;y stems of North West England pp. 41 _ji! _t_oi Ic . R. b'ngland 1200-16/10 Sources of History. Camelot. ..Foul o. Lor..; (1 g 1) English '.''arming, Past and Present. Ovor.O ey, ii.O'.C. .0 Class, I).7. (eds.) (1965) Population in History. AIMiold. I' orguson, R.3. (1890) History of Cumberland. London. /FiiGPu. (1960) Come Follow Eden, in Cumbria, March I96O. Conner, E.CK. (1912.) Common Land and Enclosure. Frank Cass & Co. (!oran;!;;.mt. (196I) Regular open field patterns in England and the Scandinavian Solskifte, in G.A. 43 (l96l) pp. 80-104. , Graham, T.H.B. (1907) An Old Map of Hayton Manor, in CWAAS N.S. Vol. VII 1907 Graham, T.H.B. 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