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Home , Arnold Hano, Charlemae Hill Rollins, Edward Brooke, Roland Hayes, Sophie Tucker

DOCUMENT RESUME ED 061 114 SO 002 487 TITLE Black : Past and Present. Contributions to American Life. INSTITUTION Dade County Public Schools, Miami, Fla. NOTE 122p. EDRS PRICE MP-$0.65 HC-$6.58 DESCRIPTORS African American Studies; *American Culture; American History; Bibliographies; Biographies; Elementary Grades; *Negro Achievement; Negro Culture; *Negro History; *Negro Leadership; *Negro Role; Resource Guides; Social Studies; Teaching Guides ABSTRACT This guide is intended for use as part of a cross-cul ural, multi-ethnic approach to curriculum in the elementary school. It is hoped that this approach will enable teachers to guide pupils in developing a better understanding of the impact of black contributions on the total American culture. The guide attempts to support such efforts by: 1) introducing black people who have made contributions to the American way of life; 2)identifying the cultural significance of their contributions or historical events in which they were involved; and, 3) providing a list of biographical multimedia materials. It may also serve to help teachers motivate Pupils by establishing the groundwork for new experiences and insights. There are eight major components to the guide: 1) suggestions for using the guide; 2)suggested activities; 3)areas of contributions and names of contributors; 4) three units--Negroes in Early American History; Individual Recognition and Achievement; and Protest and Progress (the units contain no narrative, rather they consist of charts of events and personalities, and matching suggested resources); 5) Appendix A, White Americans who Contributed to Negro Advancement; 6) Appendix B. Examples of Suggested Activities, providing descriptions of specific activities that represent the categories mentioned in Section 2, above; 7) Bibliography; and, Index. ED 048 029 is related- (Author/AWW) DUCEDTHIS DOCUMENT EXACTLY AS HAS RECEIVED BEEN REPRO- FROMU.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH,EDUCATIONOFFICE & OFWELFARE EDUCATION ED 0611 14 INATITHE PER NIG SON IT. POINTS OR OR GANIZATIONOF VIEW OR OROPIN- - BLACK AMERICANS: CATIONREPRESENTIONS STATED POSITION OFFICIAL DO oRNOT POLICY OFFICE NECESSARILY OF EDU- PAST AND PRESENT Resource Material for Contributions to American Life Instructional Publication 9M 1971 Elementary Schools

DIVISION OFDade INSTRUCTION County Public Miami, Florida 33132 Schools DADE COUNTY SCHOOL BOARD Mr. G. Holmes Braddock, Mr. William Lehman, ChairmanMrs. Anna BrennerMrs. Meyers Crutcher HarrisonMrs. Ethel Beckham Dr. E.L. Whigham, Superintendent of Schools Mr. WilliamDr. TurnerBen Sheppard Copies of this publication may be obtained through Published by Dade County School Board 2210Miami, S.W. Third'Florida, Street 33135Textbook Services Price $1.75 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page PREFACE . . MI DI V ORGANIZATION OF THE GUIDE . 11. 0 . 1 SUGGESTIONS FOR USING THIS GUIDE . IS 14 11 3 SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES . . . 11 5 AREASUNIT OF CONTRIBUTIONS AND CONTRIBUTORS I. NEGROES IN EARLY AMERICAN HISTORY . 17 14 Civil War and Reconstruction . . . . . 19 ' WestwardUndergroundEarly Pursuit Movement ofRailroad Freedom and Equality ...... 272421 UNIT II. INDIVIDUAL RECOGNITION AND ACHIEVEMENT ., 29 Art . 0 . . 31 EducationBusiness ...... 19 . , . . . . . 413734 PerformingMusicLiterature Arts ...... 605445 ScienceReligion . . 0 a . . 67 Sports ...... UNIT III. PROTEST AND PROGRESS . 73 LI 0' O, . 10 . 75 CivilLaw Rights and Politics ...... I ...... 81 TABLE OF CONTENTS continued) . II . Page APPENDIXESBIBLIOGRAPHY . . . 111 93 Appendix A. White Americani Who Contributed to Negro Advancement ...... 111 INDEX Appendix B. Examples of Suggested Activities . . . 119112 elementaryBlack Americans: school. Past-JandIt is hoped Present that by isusing intended this approach for use as the part teacher of a cross-cultural, will be able tomulti-ethnic guide pupils approach in developing to curriculum a greater in the PREFACE understanding of the impact of Negro contributionsidentifyingintroducing on the total the black Americancultural people significance culture.who have The ofmade guide their contributions contributionsattempts to tosupport or the of Americanhistorical such effeqs evenuway byof inlife; which they were involved; and ByThe offering guide may suggested also serve activities to help as the well teacher as biographical motivateproviding pupilsdata, the bya list designestablishing of biographical of the the publication groundwork Multimedia allows for materials. thenew teacher experiences to adjust and the new content insights. to writingSandraAcknowledgmentthe needs, the F. Curry,sectionsinterests, foris concerning extendedandassuming abilities toactivities;the ofthe primaryhis following students. and responsibility Mrs. members Billy Cranmer, of of The developing Materials for revising this Development resource;and 'editing Mrs. Office:the. JoAnn guide. Mrs. Riviere Cleomie and W. Mrs. Bloomfield Karen Moran, and Mrs. for This guide contains eight major components. ORGANIZATION OF THE GUIDE 2. 1. eachSUGGESTEDclassroom.SUGGESTIONS kind of activity ACTIVITIES FOR are USINGin APPENDIX provides THIS recommendations GUIDE B.) offers ideas for typesto of the activities teacher that that might would be usedfacilitate with thethe useguide. of (Examplesthe guide inof the 4.3, AREASUNITSindividualssubdivision OF in theCONTRIBUTIONS included of guide the threeare in the the major publication. following: AND units NAMES of the guide.OF CONTRIBUTORS The teacher may use this section as a reference for finding theprovides names an of alphabetical listing of individuals under each Each unit is arranged with subdivisions and UnitUnit III. I'll.III. Protest NegroesIndividual and inProgress Recognition Early American and AchievementHistory names in alphabetical order. SUGGESTEDCULTURALbiographical DEVELOPMENTS: data,RESOURCES cultural events, lists by EVENTSand titles references teacher's AND toPERSONALITIES references,suggested children's resources under each. includes an alphabetical list of namesbooks, of generalpersons references, with and films and records that 5. withwillthe aid numbers references the teacher corresponding for in teacher's developing notes.to references the units. Teacher'sat the end references- of each and entry in the left-hand column. Additional space is provided after children's books are directly related to the persons listed, 6. APPENDIXfromand informationthe guide) B.A, EXAMPLESWHITE that about represent AMERICANS their OF contributions theSUGGESTED' categories WHO to CONTRIBUTED Negroin ACTIVITIES the SUGGESTED' provides TO NEGRO ACTIVITIES progress., descriptions of specific activities (based on informationADVANCEMENT gives namessection. of selected persons ORGANIZATION OF THE GUIDE (continued) 7. whichTheare BIBLIOGRAPHY recentfurnish publications information lists whichincidental an of may the to bebooks the examined cultural in the developmentsSUGGESTEDby and RESOURCES events covered sections. in the tekhers in the office of School Library Services, Lindsey Hopkins Building. In addition,guide. Includedto these inare the references bibliography 8. Theforinforrnation purchase bibliographyINDEX shouldconsists about is notbe them. ofreviewed exhaustive, an alphabetical and and evaluated it is list not ofby intended allthe names teacher. as aincluded recommended in the guidelist of purchases.and the numbers of pages whichAny containbooks under consideration teachersThe biographical of students or cultural at all elementary data included levels. in this Individual guide teachers SUGGESTIONS FOR USING THIS GUIDE can be utilized in conjunction with a variety of materials and units and by can adapt the material to their students'interests, needs, and' additionalintoinabilities. thea wayexisting many Variedwhich books different units isactivities to appropriate ofbe processes study.ordered. are suggested The to oftheir teacher learning. inteirests to ensure It is and hoped that abilities. all that students the Selection organization of of the may wish to check the recommended readings against school library files and to suggest are given opportunities to involve themseives in the learning appropriate activities can provide students with involvement guide will facilitate the integration of the mated& process SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES theTheapplicable activities activities intosu eachany unitsection of study. ested here are not necessarily have been similarly graduated. The sections are arranged limited to this guide according to increasing difficulty or this subject matter; they of skills required, and wherever are organized in sucha way possibleas to be Theandwithgroup varying furtherboth cooperation domains levelsdeveloped of involvedand complexity in finally in those combining an appendix exploring their many types of activities. Representative both., Cognitive leanings purposes and procedures (APPENDIX B). In general', activities invoMng activities have been adapted are strengthened and in turn reinforce individual effort lead into those to the subject Matter in the guide affective outcomes involving involvementunderstanding'achievementpresentation with andbe of carefullythemake the classwork clear concepts being studied' and their conSidered. Objectivesto the students and goals what is expectedcan be heightened of and expanded.that these activities present make it imperative that implications. At the must be clearly visualizedthem. for Judicious each use of activities same time,, a student% interest in and decisions as to suitability and can help students develop a wideractivity in order to appraise appropriate personal andObservationBefore oral materiala learning or Listening processcan be can utilized be initiated, to sustain the a student yGung student's must be able to grasp information presented to him. A great variety of pictorial to improve his skills in perceiving FIELD TRIPS abstractions and identifying importantinternt. Nonrandom 'elements. activities orcan other be conducted places of interest. to historical sites, such as those that follow museums, monuments, can be planned TAPESRECORDINGS maytheof related class. be used (See literary as APPENDIX resource materials, B.) or historical interest may be presented to COMMUNITYFILMS and FILMSTRIPSRESOURCE PEOPLE suchAPPENDIXmay as be the used B.)following for visual as well can visit the class: as audio stimulation. (See OFFICERATHLETES FRIENDLY PROGRAM PARTICIPANTS Dadefrom(contact local 'County professional Sgt, Public Larry Safety Vardell, Communityor college Service teams; Department): Section, PROFESSIONAL PEOPLE SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES (continued) such as lawyers, architects doctors, etc.; 'MEMBERSORGANIZATIONS.MEMBERS OF OF LOCALCOMMUNITY SOCIETIES SERVICE OR AGENCIES SERVICE such as police and fire departments; PICTURES,HISTORICAL PHOTOGRAPHS, REAUA and ILLUSTRATIONS mayDade alsobe Countyborrowed be used Public as from Schools 'museums, Audio-Visual historical Services. societies, or the basis for structured experiences. comprehensionOnceResearch a problem is or research., conflict has The been student perceived, must learn the to gather and most fundamental skill necessary in progressing toward a organize information in such a way as to create new or improved a meaningful thesestructure activities to reality. might He involve can domaterials this by and participating proceduresCOLLECTIONS in such research activities which define as those in the following list. objects may problems, organize facts,be and share results; gathered study, MATCHING EXERCISES materials,.thatofidentification, and exhibition. require research may include written or pictorial for comparison, MAP WORK andareasmayinformation; distance;involve such as skills andsocialland human inand data;reading water factors,. economic, forms;or inferring relief political, informationfeatures; and scientificdirection about CHARTS IN FORMATION organizationalsuch as those skills: listed below may involve charts clarify basic facts; a wide variety of VOCABUEXPERIENCE LARY observations;charts listmay frequently be stimulated used terms by pictures, and concepts; 'experiences, or SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES (continued) SEQUENCECLASS! FICATION chartsclothing, recordinclude weapons, such time utensils,items lines, as records etc;types ofand boats, logs food, of activities, shelter, ORGANIZATION chartsAPPENDIXcalendarsstudied summarize in B)', units of committee work. organilations or groups of events, records of progress, etc. (see NEWSPAPEREADING RS and WRITING ACTIVITIES Proclamation,themay Underground utilizeinclude references written etc. Railroad, accounts and note-taking. the of activitiessigning of and the events Emancipation such as SURVEYSINTERVIEWS maycovered.face-to-face evaluatesupply supportive meetings data pertinent information with topersons the unitthrough involved of study. real inor theimaginary topics interpersonalTheGroup learning Cooperation processrelations can while be benefitingenhanced from and expandedthe variety throughof opinions group and cooperation. values encountered. Each participant Most of gains the following skills in expressionactivities can and be groupeffectively activities adapted and theto eitherprocedure large established or small groups. to accomplishGAMES It is important, them. especially with young children, to make very clear the aims of materialsuch as thosewhich listedhas been below introduced: may be useful as reinforcement for MEMORY GAMES such(see as APPENDIX "Who Am I?";B); PUZZLESRIDDLESREBUSES such(see as APPENDIX crosswords lin; or pyramids. PLANNING CLUBS SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES (continued) withmay the be subject a useful matter means (see of APPENDIX involving the B). students personally Appreciation DISCUSSION. sessionsdiso,..ssions,activities (see panelAPPENDIX discussions, a). buzz groups, or questioning may involve experience charts, round-table materialsbothConcomitantly,Vivid sensitivityaccounts that facilitate ofcreative to events others appreciation responses which and beliefreveal elicitedexperiences. in insight self from can into the be human students reinforced interaction promote through provideaffective this atype behavior basis of foractivity. leading the development Following to the development are of appreciativedescriptions of values. attitudes. of someThus, PICTURERECORDINGS STUDIES and TAPES inofstimulate therepresentative development appreciative forms of response.affective of literatureart or skills, music or musicmay be may introduced be utilized to ARTISTICPOEMS and RESPONSE STORIES TO MUSICAL STIMULUS maystudiesby authors result directed in included a variety toward inof the theactivities affective guide (sec maydomain. APPENDIX be used toB). initiate verbalize.TheseCreative activities AtExperiences the same provide time, additional the phytical opportunities process of creationfor the student often serves to express to involve feelings and attitudes that he might young pupils more personally and more fully in not be able to theirmay studies, sera as resulting motivation in greater for further assimilation study. of contentDIORAMAS and greater comprehension of concepts. Success in these learning activities canmake provide a contribution. an opportunity for every child in the class to BULLETINMODELS BOARDS canorof beobjectsmade used by or by thosescenes children involved can for be the created.in thedisplay unit. of materials acquired PUPPETS SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES (continued) role-playingcan be made dramatizations. of socks, bags, fabrics, etc. and used for MUPANTOMIMING RALS facialpermits expressions. children to convey an idea through body actions and SHOE-BOX MOVi ES (seecanmediums.may beAPPENDIX bemade completed for B).the presentation by indlividuals of stories, or groups using various events, or issues PRINTINGCREATIVE WRITING activities.of mayopen-ended include composition statements of letters or stories, or diaries and completion as well as other MASKS AND COSTUMES mayprinting,impressionsaffords childrensilk screen through a printing, various means of recording events or personal etc., techniques, such as block COLLAGES expression.provideactivities. a technique for involving created' by individuals or groups for role-playing all children in artistic Presentations POSTERSCARTOONS depictingmay be drawn events to orcomment attitudes on particularcan issues be created. or events. combinedresearchPerhaps to andthe stimulate mostcreativity fruitful activities many individualsare simultaneously,coupled with group reinforcing coopaation each and from the point of view of skills organization. Cognitive learningsdemanded and affective are those involving group presentations. Individual awareness can be activities follow: DRAMATIZATIONS placesinvolve or situations, throughone's time). role-playing, unique talents and interests. events,or imaginary trips (to Examples of presentation SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES (continued) TVREACTION BROADCASTS STORIES maysituations.describe be narrative or portray accounts cause-and-effect dealing with relationships human relations, or analyze used TAPES to othermayuncover beactivities., recorded various attitudes by students and andemotions used (seein conjunction APPENDIX with Following is an alphabetical listing of individuals under each subdivision of the three AREAS OF CONTRIBUTIONS AND 'CONTRIBUTORS major units in the guide. Cross-references are CIVILalso provided WAR AND to other RECONSTRUCTION subdivisions where names Unit I. Negroes in Early Americanare History listed. Smalls,Pinchbeck,Lynch,Bruce, Robert BlancheJohn Pinkney R.(Also (AlsoK. (AlsoLAW B.S. LAW AND LAW(Also AND POLITICS)AND LAW POLITICS) POLMCS) AND POLITICS) Douglass,Crandall,Brown, John* Prudence* Frederick AnucksEARLY Crispus PURSUIT OF FREEDOM AND EQUALITY Stowe,Garrison,Ruggles,Lovejoy,Henson, Harriet WilliamJosiah, ElijahDavid Beecher* P. Lloyd* EstevanicoDuCuffee,Bush,Beckwourth, Sable, PaulGeorge Jean (Also JamesBaptiste (Also BUSINESS) BUSINESS) WESTWARDTubman,Truth, Sojourner Harriet MOVEMENT Washington,Vassa,Hall, Prince Gustavus George (Also BUSINESS) Pickett,ikard,Glenn,Love,Fields, Bose George NatBill Mary *White Americans Who involved themselves in activities for the black cause. AREAS OF CONTRIBUTIONS AND CONTRIBUTORS (continued) ART Unit U. Individual Recognition and Achievement EDUCATION Lewis,Lawrence,DuncansonBarth:, EdmoniaRichmond Jacob Robert Carver,DuBois,Bethune, George W. Mary E. Washington B.McLeod (Also CIVIL (Also RIGHTS) SCIENCE) BUSINESSWhite,Tanner, 'Charles Henry Ossawa Johnson,Locke,Frazier,Franklin, Charles Alain MordecaiEdward John L. S.H. Franklin (Also (Also RELIGION) LITERATURE) Bush,Boyd,Anderson, RichardGeorge Gertrude (AlsoHenry E. EARLY (Also Fisher RELIGION) PURSUIT OF FREEDOMEQUALITY) AND Washington,Scarborough,Payne,Noble, Jeanne Daniel Booker William AlexanderL. T. (Also (Also CIVIL RELIGION) 'RIGHTS) Gaston:,Garvey,Cuffee, PaulMarcusArthur (Also G. (Also EARLY CIVIL PURSUITRIGHTS) OF FREEDOMEQUALITY) AND Baldwin,LITERATUREWright, Richard James Robert, Sr. (Also BUSINESS) Walker,Spaulding,Jones,Myers,Merrick, John "Madame" Isaac JohnAsa (Also T.(Also LAWC. LAWJ. AND AND POLITICS) POLITICS) Franklin,Dunbar,Brooks,Bontemps, GwendolynPaul John Arna Lawrence H. (Also EDUCATION) Wright,Woods,Washington, RichardGranvilie George Robert, T. (Also (Also Sr. SCIENCE) EARLY (Also EDUCATION) PURSUIT OF FREEDOMAND EQUALITY) Jones,Johnson,Hurston,Hughes,Hansberry, LeRoi James LangstonZora Lorraine NealeWeldon (Also CIVIL R IGHTS) Wheatley,Thurman,Rowan, PhyllisHowardCarl T. (Also (Also LAW RELIGION) AND POLITICS) Charlemae H AREAS OF CONTRIBUTIONS AND CONTRIBUTORS MUSIC: MUSICIANS AND COMPOSERS Unit II. Individual Recognition and Achievement (continued) MUSIC: VOCALISTS (continued) BurBland,Bethune,Armstrong, Leigh, James Thomas Harry Louis E. T. Greene"Satchmo" (Also MUSIC: VOCALISTS) Price,Jackson,Robeson, Leontyne Mahalia Paul (Also PERFORMING ARTS: ACTORSACTRESSES) AND Morton,Handy,Ellington,'Dawson, William Ferdinand William Duke C. "Jelly Roll"' Waters,TheSmith, Supremes Bessie Ethel (Also PERMORMING ARTS: ACTORSACTRESSES) AND AndersonMUSIC:Still, William VOCALISTS Marian Grant Aldridge,PERFORMING Ira, jr. ARTS: ACTORS AND ACTRESSES Baker,Bailey, josephinePearl (Also (Also PERFORMING PERFORMING ARTS: ARTS: ACTORSACTRESSES) ANDACTORS ACTRESSES)AND Belafonte,Baker,Brown,Bailey, Josephine PearlJames Harry (Also Nathaniel(Also (Also MUSIC: MUSIC: PERFORMING (Also VOCALISTS) VOCAUSTS)SPORTS) ARTS: DANCERSAND CHOREOGRAPHERS and MUSIC: VOCAUSTS) Burleigh,Belafonte Harry (Also PERFORMING ARTS:COMPOSERS) ANDACTORS ACTRESSES) Harry T. (Also MUSIC: MUSICIANS AND Cosby,Harrison,Davis, Bill Sammy, Richard jr. B. (Also PERFORMING ARTS:AND DANCERS CHOREOGRAPHERS and MUSIC: VOCALISTS) FiskDamis, Jubilee Sammy, Singers Jr. (Also PERFORMING ARTS:CHOREOGRAPHERS)AND ACTORS ACTRESSES, DANCERS AND Poitier,McDaniel,Robeson,Horne,R obi Sidney Lena nson,Hattie Paul (Also (Also MUSIC: MUSIC: VOCAUSTS) VOCALISTS) Bill Horne,Holiday,Greenfield,Hayes, Lena BillyRoland' Elizabeth (Also PERFORMING Taylor ARTS: ACTORSACTR ANDESSES) Waters, Ethel (Also MUSIC: VOCALISTS) CHOREOGRAPHERS) "Bojangles" (Also DANCERS AND AREAS OF CONTRIBUTIONS AND CONTRIBUTORS. Unit IL Individual Recognition and Achievement (continued) CHOREOGRAPHERSPERFORMING ARTS: DANCERS AND Banneker,SCIENCE Benjamin Dunham,Davis,Collins,Baker, Josephine Sammy,Janet Katherine jr. (Also (Also MUSIC: PERFORMING VOCALISTS) ARTS:AND ACTORS ACTRESSES and MUSIC: VOCALISTS) Just,Julian,Henson,Drew,Carver, Ernest Charles Percy George Matthew' E. Washington (Also EDUCATION) RELIGIONRobinson, ACTORS AND ACTRESSES) Bill "Bojangles" (Also PERFORMlNG ARTS: woods,Williams,Matzeliger,Rillieux,Lawless, Granville Daniel NorbertTheodoreJan Hale T. (Also BUSINESS) Healy,Boyd,Allen,Abernathy, RichardJames Ralph Augustine (Also David BUSINESS) (Also ClVIL RIGHTS) Aaron,SPORTS Henry Louis Johnson,Powell,Payne,King, Martin MordecaiDaniel Adam Luther, Alexander Clayton, (Also Jr. EDUCATION) (Also Jr.(Also (Also CIVIL EDUCATION) CIVIL RIGHTS) RIGHTS ANDand LAWPOLITICS) Chamberlain,Campanella,Brown,Ali, Mohammed James Roy Wilton (CassiusNathaniel Clay) ACTORS AND ACTRESSES) (Also PERFORMING ARTS: Turner,Thurman,Thomas, Henry Paul Howard McNeal (Also LITERATURE) Johnson,Gibson,Gaither,Mays,Louis, AltheaWillieAlonso, Rater Joe "Jak Owens,Paige,Rudolph,Robinson, Jesse Satchei Wilma Jackie"Sugar" Ray AREAS OF 'CONTRIBUTIONS AND CONTRIBUTORS (continued) CIVIL RIGHTS Unit III. Protest and Progress LAW AND POLITICS (continued) Carmichael,Bates,Barnett,Abernathy,DuBois, Daisy Ida W. Ralph B.StokelyGatson E. Wells B. David (Also (AlsoEDUCATION) RELIGION) Hastie,Harris,Diggs,Dawson,Davis, 'Charles Benjamin PatriciaWilliam William D.,RobertsHenry O., L. Jr. Sr. Johnson,Garvey,Marshall,King,Farmer, MartinMarcus JamesJames Thurgood Luther, (Also Weldon BUSINESS) (Also Jr. (Also (Also LAW LITERATURE) RELIGION) AND POLITICS) Jones,Marshall,Lynch,Hatcher, John (Also Richard Thurgood BUSINESS) G. (Also CIVIL RIGHTS) RECONSTRUCTION). John R. (Also CIVIL, WAR AND McKissick,Powell,Motley, ConstanceAdam F,oyd Clayton,B. Baker Jr. (Also (Also LAW LAW AND AND POLITICS) POLITICSRELIGION) and Pinchbeck,Motley,Parsons,Myers, Constance Isaac James (Also B. Baker BUSINESS) (Also CIVIL RIGHTS) Pinkney B. S. (Also CIVIL WAR AND White,Washington,Young,Wilkins,Randolph, Walter Whitney Roy Booker A.Francis Philip M. T. (Also (Also LAW EDUCATION) AND POLITICS) Powell,Rowan,Randolph, Adam Carl A. T.Clayton,Philip (Also (Also LITERATURE) Jr. CIVIL RIGHTS) RELIGION)RECONSTRUCTION) (Also (Also CIVIL RIGHTS AND Bruce,Brooke,LAW Edward W., III AND POLITICS Blanche K. (Also CIVIL WAR AND Weaver,Townsend,Stokes,Smalls, Carl Robert Willard B. C. Saxby RECONSTRUCTION) Robert CIVIL RIGHTS AND 'Chisholm,Davis,Conyers,Bunche, Benjamin Shirley RalphRalph, johnson Jr.O., Jr. RECONSTRUCTION) som"*"."1 NEGROES IN EARLY AMERICAN HISTORY CULTURAL DEVELOPMENTSEVENTSPERSONAL ITIES CIVIL WAR AND RECONSTRUCTION SUGGESTED R ESOURCES BLANCHE K. BRUCE (1841-1897) Registrar(Also listed of inthe LAW Treasury AND POLITICS) 1, The Afro-American in the Beniamine Da Silva et al. Teachers' References History by 1 Recorder of Deeds in Washington, D. C. 1 2. Great Negroes Past and Present by Russell L. Adams MississippiServedDefended thirty during the years rights Reconstruction as of aall United States Senator from men 4.3. The Negro Almanac by Harry A. Ploski and Brown Jr. , . Roscoe C. (See references 1, 3, and 6.) I Negro-Americans in the Civil War by Patricia W. RomeroNegroand Charles Life and Wesley History) (The International Library of I JOHN R. LYNCH (1847-1939) United(Also listed States in LAW Congressman AND POLITICS) from Mississippi during 5. One Hundred Years of Negro Freedom Bontemps (Grades 6 and up) Children's Books by Arna 1 1 1 termsOne of few Negroes to be elected to serve for three 6. Story of the Negro by Arne Bontemps (Grades 6up) and General Reference inServedActed Executivethe Navyas as chairman Fourth Committee Auditor of the (1881-1889) forMississippi the United Republican States Treasury State Flight to Freedom: The Story of the Undergroundby Henrietta Buckmaster (Grades 7 and up) Railroad 1 Films (SeeMississippiAppointed references a Justice 2 and of3.) the Peace for Natchez County, NegroAudio-Visual(This Heroes film Services.) is From American History, No. 1-05666 available from Dade County Public Schools 19 CULTURAL DEVELOPMENTSEVENTSPERSONALITIES CIVIL WAR AND RECONSTRUCTION (continued) SUGGESTED R ESOURCES PINCKNEY BENTON STEWART PINCHBACK (18371920)Captain(Also listedof the in Louisiana LAW ArlD Native POLITICS) Guards (Negro troup) Notes governor,Americandays)Held more history,and elective governor offices of Louisiana than any (for other forty-three Negro in serving as a senator, lieutenant the(Seeconstitution,Introduced state. references the guaranteeing 2,Thirteenth 3, 5, and 6.) Amendment civil rights to to ail the people state's of ROBERT SMALLS (1839-1915) Official(Also listed in LAW AND POLITICS) captain of the Planter, a supply boat used winnerAchievedthroughout of fametwenty the asCivil medalsa legislator War of honor forSpoke(See Negroes referencesout for in interstatebills 1-4J to provide conveyances equalL accommodations EARLY PURSUIT OF FREEDOM AND 'EQUALITY CR ISPUS ATTUCKS (1723-1770) CULTURAL DEVELOPMENTSEVENTSPERSONALITIES SUGGESTED RESOURCES theFirst BostonRunaway American Massacre slave to ofdie 1770 in the Revolutionary War during 2.1. AmeriCan Negro Folklore The Black Frontiersmen Teachers' References by J. Norman byHeard J. Mason Brewer JAMES P. BECKWOURTH (See references 3-7, 13, and 15.) 4.3. H istorical Great Negroes Past and Present Negro Biographies by Russell L. Adams by S. DiscoveredExplorer, pioneer, a pass and through adventurer the (1798-1867). Sierra Nevada, later 5. In Freedom's Footsteps andRobinson History) (The International by Charles H. Wesley (The Library of Negro Life Wilhelmina (SeeBecamenamed references Beckwourth a chief 1,of 4, thePass and Crow 6-9.) Indian tribe 6. The Negro Almanac by Harry Brown,International Jr. Library of Negro Life A. Ploski and Roscoe C. and History) GEORGE BUSH (1791-1867) (Also listed in BUSINESS) and(The may following be7. suitable books for teachers'are above references.) the sixth-gradeThe Pictorial HiStory of the and Melton Melter. Negro in America by reading level claimSound,LedNegro to the which thepioneer first land served expedition' andsouth explorer of the of 49thAmerican as the basis of the United States' parallel settlers to Puget 8. The Afro-American Benjamin 'Da Silva et al. in United States History by haveReceivedPurchased clear title special the to firsthis permission landsawmill and from gristmill on Puget Sound the government to 9. Pioneers and Patriots: Lives of Revolutionary Era by Lavinia Dobler Children's Books Six Negroes of the (See reference 4.) 11.10. Afro-AmericanAfro-Americans, Contributors Then and Doris.M. Franco Haynes (Grades (Grades 2-4) 2-4) Now byto JaneAmerican Hurley Life and by John 21 EARLY PURSUIT OF FREEDOM AND EQUALITY (continued) CULTURAL DEVELOPMENTSEVENTS=PERSONALITIES SUGGESTED R ESOURCES , PAUL CUFFEE (1759-1817) (Also listed in BUSINESS) I Children's Book (continued) Early businessman and colonizer 1 12. American Negro Folklore 5-12) by J.. Mason Brewer (Grades Owned and sailed ships 1 Foundedof the. world the Friendly Societyhauling cargo for the to, Emigration different of parts 14..13. FamousCrispus American Attucks: Boy of Valor Millender (Grades 3-5) by Dharathula H. JEAN BAPTISTE DUSABLE (SeeFree references Negroes 3-5,from 7-9, America 11 (1745-1818) and 20.) 15, Famous Negro Heroes of America (Grades5 and up) 5 and up) Negroes by Langston Hughes (Grade's by Langston Hughes FurAdventurer trapper and trader 16. "Jean Baptiste Pointe DuSable" Series)Windy (GradeHills 4) (Singer/Random House by Charlemae Rollins. Literature , ESTEVANICO (e. 15004539) (SeeChicago's; references first settler 3-6, 9,11, and 15-17.); 18.17. jimJean Beckwourth: Baptiate Pointe De ShirleyFelton Graham (Grades (Grades; 7 and 7 and Negro Mountain Man Sable: Founderup) of up) by Harold W.. by DiscoveredExplorer the Seven Cities of Cibola 20.,19... Matthew Henson: Arctic (Grades 5-7) Hero by Sheldon Ripley *Credited. with(Seecomprises references the states 2-6 of Arizona and the. 11, and 15...) discover,' of a territory Which New Mexico Paul Culfee: America's First Johnson (Grades 7 and up) Black Captain by Johanna EARLY PURSUIT OF FREEDOM AND EQUALITY (continued) CULTURAL DEVELOPMENTSEVENTSPERSONALITIES SUGGESTED R ESOURCES 1 PRINCE HALL (1735-1807) Fraternal leader Notes Organizer of the first Negro Masonic lodge 1 (SeeforSuccessfully free references Negro urged children 3-8.) the city of to provide schools

GUSTAVUS VASSA (1745-1801) 1 1 1 Seafarer and colonizer 1 accountPublishedaAppointed plan to ofreturn bythe the lifeAfricans English of a free to Crown their Negro native to duringsuperintend land the Colonial part of his autobiography, the first and fullest Period , GEORGE WASHINGTON (1817-1905) (Also(See references listed in BUSINESS) 3-6 and 8.) (SeeFoundedBusinessman references Centralia, and 4-8.) pioneer Washington , , 23 . UNDERGROUND RAILROAD , CULTURAL DEVELOPMENTSEVENTSPERSONALITIES SUGGESTED RESOURCES

1 JOHN BROWN* (18001859) Teachers' References I (See references 1, 3, 5-7, and 19.) 1. The Afro-American in United States History by 1 * (1803-1890) 2. Benjamin Da Silva et al. 1 (1817-1895) (See references 1,-3, 5, 7, and 20.) 3. Black America Yesterday and Today by David C. CookPublishingresource booklet)Company (20 pictures with a 40-page Foremost abolitionist during his time 1 4. HistoricalGreat Negroes Past and Present by Russell L. Adams Negro Biographies by Wilhelmina S. (SeeLecturer references and orator;1-8, 11-14, became and 19.)spokesman for his people I andRobinson History) (The International Library of Negro Life WILLIAM LLOYD GARRISON* (1805-1879) (See references 1, 3, 5-7, and 19.) 6.5. NegroThe AmericansNegro Almanac in the byCivil Harry War A. by Ploski Patricia and W. Roscoe RomeroBrown, C. Jr. JOSIAH HENSON (1789,1883) . and Charles Wesley escapeAssumedAgent for the"Uncle Underground Tom" personality Railroad and helped slaves to (The following7 books are above the sixth-gradeProfiles reading of Negro level Womanhood by Sylvia D. L. DannettH(The istory) International Library of Negro Life and Cabin(SeeHis life reference said to 4.) have been the basis for Uncle Tom's and may be8. suitable for teachers' references.) : Conductor on Raiiroad by the Underground 10. 9. RailroadLife and toTimes Freedom of Frederick by Hildegarde Douglass Swift by FrederickDouglass, edited by Barbara Ritchie *White Americanstheinformation. Negro who involved themselves in activities for cause. See APPENDIX A for biographical 11. There Was Once a Slave: The Heroic Story of FrederickDouglass by Shirley Graham CULTURAL DEVELOPMENTSEVENTSPERSONALITIES UNDERGROUND RAILROAD (continued) SUGGESTED RESOURCES ELIJAH P. LOVEJOY* (1802-1837) (See general references.) 12. Children's Books MP , , Four Took Freedom Logan (Grades 6-9) by Philip Sterling and Rayford , , DAVID RUGGLES (1810-1849) , 13. , Conductor of the Underground Railroad Frederick Douglass up) by Charles P. Graves (Grades 6 and , , Published quarterly magazine The Mirror to Liberty, the '14. by Ama , theStruggledfirst Negroesmagazine for of the to the be moral, North edited social, by a Negroand political elevation of , 15. FreedomFrederick Train:Douglass: Slave, Fighter, Freeman DorothyBontemps Sterling (Grades (Grades 5-9) 5-8) The Story of Harriet Tubman by , (See references 3-5.) 16.. Gertrude Hecker , * (See references 3 and 5.) (1811-1896) 17,. Harriet Tubman:'Tubman: The Freedom Moses Girl of Her 6y People WindersBradford (Grades (Grades 4-6) 6-9) by Sarah (1797-1 : CivilFirst War black heroine woman and orator abolitionist to speak out against slavery :3) 19.18. PioneersThe Negro in Freedom in America by up) by Janet Stevenson (Grades 6 and Earl Spangler (Grades 4-6) (SeeGiven references an audience 1 and by 3-7.)President Lincoln 21'.20. PhidenceRunaway Crandall: Woman of Courage Yates (Grades 6 and up) Slave: The Story of Harriet Tubman by Elizabeth by Ann , McGovern (Grades 3-4) , 1 ,1 General References , , *White Americans who involved themselves in activities for Flight to Freedom: The Story of the Underground Railroadby Henrietta Buckrnaster . Great American Negroes in Verse by Eloise Culver , theinformation., Negro cause. See APPENDIX A for biographical UNDERGROUND RAILROAD (continued) , CULTURAL DEVELOPMENTS , EVENTSPERSONALITIES iimaximmoum, mismok, SUGGESTED RESOURCES , HARRIET TUBMAN (18201913)9 CalledOrganizer "Black of the Moses" Underground of her people Railroad A Junior History of the American Negro, Discovery to the Civil War by Morris C. Goodman General References (continued) Volume One: Served as scout, nurse, and spy for the Union Army The Heritage and Contributions of the American NegroDenver by Public Schools I (See references 1, 2, 4-8, 10, 12, 15-17, 19, and 21.) Films , , Audio-Visual(These films Services.) are avallalbe from Dade County Public Schools NegroDouglass,The NegroHeroes Frederick: American, From American The No. House 1-3233 History, on Cedar No. 1-05666Hill, No. 1-13555 , , Profiles 1-31108 in Courage: Frederick Douglass (Reel 1), No. Profiles in 1-31109 Courage: Frederick Douglass (Reel 2), No. , 1 aiimism EVENTSPERSONAL 111ES L EVELOPMENTSV I WESTWARD MOVEMENT SUGG ESTED RESOU R CES MARY FIELDS (Not available) , TeaChers' References , I Ran a stagecoadh and mail route , 1. Historical Robinson (The international Library of Negro Life Negro Biographies by Wilhelmina S. , (See reference 6.) and History) , , 1 GEORGE GLENN (Not available) 2. The Negro Almanac by Harry A. Ploski and Roscoe C. 1 Rode the Chisholm Trail in 1870 Brown, Jr. Children's Books 1 (See general references.) 1 . , 1 BOSE IKARD (1847-1929) Black Cowboy: The Story of Nat Love by CharietteClark (Grades 4-6) 1 BlackBorn a cowboy slave in whoMississippi could rope and fight 4. "Deadwood Dick" by Amy Hogeboom, in MountainPeaks(Grade (Singer(Random 6) House Literature Series) , , I 5. 1 R ode with suCh men as Charles Goodnight, Oliver I Nat Love: Negro Cowboy by Harold W. Felton (Grades NAT LOVE (1854-1921) (SeeLoving, reference John Chisum, 1 and 6.) and John Slaughter 6. Negroes in the Early West by Olive W. Burt (Grades 4-6)6 and up) General References BecameBetterRounded known a railroad up as cattle "Deadwood porter and tested after Dick" thehis skillclosing in rodeos of the cattle 1 BlackAdventures Courage of bythe A. Negro E. Scharaff Cowboys (Grades by Phillip4-6) DurhamEverette and Jones (Grades 6-8) trail I (See references 3-5.) 1 Discovery to the Civil War by Morris C. Goodman (Aand HistoryJunior up) of the American Negro, Volume I) (Grades 6 The Great American Cowboy (Learning Activityprepared Package by social studies curriculum writing team of 1 Dade County Public Schools) 1 27 1 CULTURAL DEVELOPMENTSEVENTSPERSONALITIES WESTWARD MOVEMENT (continued) SUGGESTED 'RESOURCES BILL PICKETT (1862-1932) 'OriginatorBlack cowboy of the art of bulldogging or steer wrestling Notes (SeeminutesOnce reference won a bet Z) by wrestling a fighting bull for six INDIVIDUAL RECOGNITION AND ACHIEVEMENT CULTURAL DEVELOPMENTSEVENTSPERSONALIT1ES ART SUGGESTED RESOURCES RICHMOND BARTHE (1901- AwardedSculptor, a Rosenwaldteacher, lecturer Fellowship ) I Notes 1 CommissionedandReceived Letters citations by the from Haitian the American Academy of ArtsGovernment in 1950 to do two special monuments 1

1 Sculptor of both heroic and miniature art work 1 York;Represented in the the Hackley Museum Metropolitan Museum of Art, at Oberlin College; New 1 (SeeChicagoMuseum;Pennsylvania references Atlanta Academy 1 and University; 7-10.) and of Fine the Art institute ofArts, Philadephia 1 ROBERT DUNCANSON (1821-1871) AmericanRecognizedMuralist and Negro painterby painter of the of many as "the most accomplished theAmerican 1840s Westand 50s"

His paintings "Trial of 1 (Seeon view references in Cincinnati 3 and 7-9.) Shakespeare" and "Blue Hole" I 31 CULTURAL DEVELOPMENTSEVENTSPERSONALIT1ES ART (continued) SUGGESTED RESOURCES (1917- Painter ) Notes (continued) NegroCreatedpaintingNoted life forand two-dimensional history works dealing with epi.,des in his sophisticated yet primitive style of EDMONIA Pioneer(See references woman sculptor 3 and 7-9.) LEWIS (1845-1890) Hiawatha,"SelectedGarrisonBegan her "The career Departure under the of guidance Hiawatha," of William "Madonna Lloyd Works: "Hiawatha," "The Marriage of HENRY OSSAWA TANNER (1859-1937) (Seewith thereferences infant," 1 andand 7-9.)"Forever Free" ConcentratedartRecipient of on medals paintings and ofawards religious for subjectsoutstanding work in and(See"ResurrectionKnown "Christ references for Walking his 1,ofpaintings 3,onLazarus," and the 7-10.) Water" "Daniel "The inFlight the into Lion's Den," Egypt," CULTURAL DEVELOPMENTS ART (continued) SUGGESTED RESOURCES CHARLES WHITE (1918- EVENTSPERSONALITIES ) Notes (continued) *Won a RosenwaldcontemporaryRecognizedFellowship, Fellowship, artists by a a manyNational John as Hay oneInstitute Whitney of America's of Arts and foremost Letters (SeeConcentratedGrant references on 1, 7, and 9.) in many of his works BUSINESS CULTURAL DEVELOPMENTSEVENTSPERSONALITIES SUGGESTED RESOURCES NIMMINEMIEMEMENIMP, GERTRUDE E. FISHER ANDERSON*Originator, (1894- owner,Candies manufacturer of Nanette Homemade ) 1. Great Negroes Past and Present Teachers' References by Russell L. Adams churdhes,ExpandedBegan makingschools, her business,candy and organizations -with hired crude other equipment workers, for installed sale at 2. H Theistorical Negro Almanac andRobinson History) (The International Negro Biographiesby Harry A. PloskiLibraryby and of Negro! Roscoe Life C. Wilhelmina S. RICHARD HENRY BOYD (1760-1831') (Seemodern! reference equipment' 2.) 4. Profiles of Negro Womanhood (TheBrown, Negro Jr. Heritage Library) by Sylvia G. 'L. Dannett GEORGE BUSH (1791-1867) (Also(Also listed in RELIGION) listed in EARLY PURSUlT OF FREEDOM Notes PAUL CUF FEE (1759-1817) AND(AlsoAND EQUALITY) EQUALITY) listed in EARLY PURSUIT OF FREEDOM ARTHURMARCUS G.GARVEY GASTON (1887-1940) (1892- (Also listed in CIVIL RIGHTS) ) corporationsSelf-madetotalingPresident moremillionaire. and than owner eleven of seven million different dollars companies and in Birmingham, Alabama, with assets (Seeinsurancethirty-fiveStarted references the companydollars Booker 1 and and 3.) T. developed Washington it into Burial an incorporatedSociety with CULTURAL DEVELOPMENTSEVENTSP'ERSONALITIES SUGGESTED RESOURCES JOHN JONES (1817-1879) *A prominent citizenCarolina(Also of listed Chicago, in LAW born AND free POLITICS) in North Notes (continued) *Gained a fortune Workedfromabolitionist the with tailoring John businessBrown and Frederick Douglass in the movement; used his home as an JOHN MERRICK (1859-1921) (SeeUnderground references Railroad I and 2.,) Station businessesCompany,(SeeFounder reference owned of one the 2.)of andNorth the controlled largestCarolina byand Mutual Negroes most Life successful Insurance ASAISAAC T. SPAULDiNG MYERS (1835-1891) (1902- (Also listed in LAW AND POLITICS) ) TrusteeCompanyPresident of Howardof North and Carolina Shaw Universities Mutual Life Insurance MinorityAppointed(See reference Affairs to the 2.)in Nationalthe United Advisory States Committee for 35. CULTURAL DEVELOPMENTS BUSINESS (continued) ialm***31=0***2=1*****Esenr SUGGESTED RESOURCES . 1 EVENTSPERSONALITIES ... , 1 , "MADAME" C. J. WALKER (1869,1919) Millionaire cosmetic manufacturer Notes (continued). *Attainedis Developed a sizable a hotandtight iron, fortune school curls or straightening from infrom Indianapolis hair her cosmetic comb, to removefactory *Associated with(SeeNegroes many references philanthropic 1-4.) activities for GRANVILLEGEORGE WASHINGTON T. WOODS (1856-1910) (1817-1905) EQUALITY)(Also listed in EARLY PURSUIT OF FREEDOM AND

1 (Also listed in SCIENCE) RICHARD ROBERT WRIGHT, SR. (1855-1945)(AlsoLeader listed in inthe EDUCATION) fields of banking and education ServedAssociationBankFounder andas president andTrust president Company of the of of National the Philadelphia Citizens Negro and Bankers' Southern 1 I (SeeFounded reference Savannah 2.) () State College

1 EDUCATION 1 11111111111111111 CULTURAL DEVELOPMENTSEVENTSPERSONALITIES SUGGESTED RESOURCES 1 MARY MCLEOD BETHUNE (1875-1955) Teacher, educator 1. The Afro-American in the United States HistoryBenjamin Da Silva et al. Teachers' References by 1 Advisor to presidents 1 2. Black American Leaders by Margaret B. Young FoundedFounder of Daytona the National Normal Council and of Industrial Negro Women Institute for 3. Great NegroesPast and Presen t by Russell L. Adams S. 1 4. Negro Girls, which was united in 1923 with Cookman H istorical Negro Biographies by Wilhelmina 1 WasInstitute president to form of Bethune-CookmanBethune-Cookman College until 1942 5. Lift Every Voice andRobinson History) (The Internationai Library, of Negro Life by Dorothy Sterling 1 Opened a school for migrant children in Daytona Beach, 1 6. Florida, in 1924 1 The Negro Almanac Brown, jr. by Harry A. Ploski and Roscoe C. Chosen(See references, as one of the1-4, fifty 6-8, great 11, and women 12.) of America 7 . Profiles of Negro Womanhood Children's Books by Sylvia G. L. Dannett W.GEORGE E. B DUBOIS WASHINGTON (1868-1963) CARVER (18641943) (Also listed in SCIENCE) 1 8. Afro-American Contributors to American Life M. Franco et al. (Grades 6-9) by John turnChief(Also of listedwriter the century inand CIVIL spokesman RIGHTS) for the Negroes before the 10. 9. BookerAfro-A mericans,T. Washington: Then and Ambitious Now Boys, by Roman Doris McGee Haynes (Grades 2-4) by Jane Hurley and OpposedOne of the Booker founders T. ofWashington's the NAACP philosophy of Negro 11. The Story of Mary McLeod Bethune: She Wanted to StevensonRead by (GradesElla Kaiser 3-4) Carruth (Grades 2-4) 1 education,EmigratedBelieved whichin ato liberal Ghana emphasized arts (Africa) training vocational and became training a citizen of 12. Women of Courage by Dorothy Nath7,:l 1,Grades 5-8) that country 37, , 'CULTURAL DEVELOPMENTS EDUCATION (continued) SUGGESTED RESOURCES W. E. B. DUBOIS (continued) Became a member of the Communist Party in 1961 EVENTSPERSONALITIES General Reference JOHN H. FRANKLIN (1915- (Also(See references listed in LITERATURE) 1-6.) ) Afro-American History and Culture, Publication No.Paul 333 Public St. Schools, St. Paul, Minnesota, 1988 John'sUniversityServedHistorian College of Chicago and as visiting professor at St. as professor of American history at the theWrote(See best Fromreferences history Slavery of 4 the and toAmerican 6.)Freedom, Negro generally considered EDWARD FRANKLIN FRAZIER (1894-1962)StudiedAuthor, sociology scholar, ofsociologist the black race SocietyServed(See references 4 and 6.) as president of the American Sociological CH AR LES S. JOHNSON (1893-1956)*First Negro towhich senieEducator, was as president founded social scientist in of 1865 Fisk in University, Nashville, Tennessee (SeestrivingsAuthor references of themany Negro3 and books 4.) on farms that and in the cities reveal the status and CULTURAL DEVELOPMENTS EDUCATION (continued) MORDECAI JOHNSON (1890, EVENTSPERSONALITIES. ) SUGGESTED RESOURCES Notes UniversityOrator,(Also educatorlisted president in RELIGION) ALAIN (SeeBaptist references minister 1, 3, 4, end 6.)L. LOCKE (1886-1954) CouncilScholar,First Negro ofphilosopher, Adult to Education be authorelected president of the National (See1907Received references a Rhodes 3 4, andScholarship 6.) to study at Oxford in JEANNE L. NOBLE (i926- ServedAssociate on professor the Board at of New Higher York Education University of New York ) a Received the Pi bookschoolCityLambda as counselingresearch Theta Research assistant inAward the program for her of guidance and The Negro Woman's College Education DANIEL ALEXANDER PAYNE (1811-1893) (Also(See references listed in RELIGION) 4 and 6.) 39 EDUCATION (continued) 1 i1 CULTURAL EVENTSPERSONAL IT I ES DEVELOPMENTS , SUGGESTED RESOURCES

WILLIAM SCARBOROUGH (1852-1926)1 1 Notes (continued) 1908Became president of Ohio's Wilberforce University in ,1 1 1 Proficient in languages, including Greek, Latin, and H 1 Hebrew , , BOOKER TALIAFERRO WASHINGTON (1856-1915)(Also(See references listed in CIVIL 3 and RIGHTS)4.) 1 *Founder and principal of Tuskegee Institute , First Negro to receive an honorary degree from Harvard , RICHARD (Also(See listed references in BUSINESS) 1-6 and 8-10.) ROBERT WRIGHT, SR. (1855-1945)

I

1

1 , , LITERATURE CULTURAL DEVELOPMENTSEVENTSPERSONALITIES I SUGGESTED RESOURCES JAMES BALDWIN (1924- ) Teachers' References 1 Author, playwright I 1. The Afro-American in United States History by WinnerhimReceived complete of Rosenwald a a Saxton novel Fellowship Trust award at twenty-one to help 2. Another Country by James Baldwin Benjamin Da Silva et al. WroteHis many best sellers (See Werences 2, 4, 5, and 6.)play Blues Charlie produced 4.3. BluesBlack forAmerica Mr. Charlie Yesterday by James and TodayBaldwin by David C. Cook forty-pagePublishing resource Company booklet) (twenty pictures with a (SeeBroadway referelnces in 1964 1-6, 8-10, and 13.) for Mister off 6.5. Go Tell it on the Mountain by JamesGoing Baldwin to Meet the Man by James Baldwin ARNA BONTEMPS (1902- Poet, novelist, dramatist ) 8.7. HistoricalGreat Negroes Past and Present by Russell L. Adams Negro Biographies by Wilhelmina S. One of the most productive writers of the 20th century Robinson (The International Library of Negro Life 1 I *Awarded Poetry Prize from Crisis magazine, the and History) 1 GuggenheimAlexander(See references Pushkin Fellowships 3, 7-10, 13, 20, and 21.) Prize, and the Rosenwald and 10 A Pictorial9. The Negro Almanac by Harry A. Ploski and RoscoeeBrown,Langston C. Jr. Hughes and Milton Meltzer History of the Negro in America by (1917-*First Negro to winPoet the Pulitzer Prize for poetry ) 11. Selected Poems of Langston Hughes by LangstonHughes Children's Books Poet(See laureate references of Illinois 1, 3, 7-10, 12, and 15.) 13.12. Afro-Americans, Then and Now by Jane Hurley and Doris Mçee Haynes (Gracles 2-4) Black MagtcA Pictorial MiltonAmerican Meltzer Entertaininent (Grades 6 and by upiLangston Hughes and History of the Negro in . LITERATURE (continued) CULTURAL DEVELOPMENTSEVENTSPERSONALITIES , SUGGESTED RESOURCES , , smilm, 1 PAUL LAWRENCE 'DUNBAR (1872-1906) 1 1 Children's Books (continued) 14. , Best known for his poetry both in conventional Eng !MI by James 1 23.)and in dialect (See references 1, 3, 7-10, 12, 17, 22, and ) The Book of American Negro Spirituals grades)Weldon Johnson and J. Rosamond Johnson (All FRANKLIN (1915- (Also listed in EDUCATION) 15. Bronzevilie Boys and Girls (Grades 2-6) by Gwendolyn Brooks 1 LORRAINE HANSBERRY (1930,1965) Noted playwright 17.16. CompleteChristmas GifPoems of Paul Lawrence Dunbar by by Charlemae Hill Rollins (All grades) Paul *Wrote the best-knownin (Seethe Sunplay references by a black 1, 9, andwriter, 13.) A Raisin 18. Famous American Negroes by 5 andLawrence up) Dunbar (All grades) Langston Hughes (Grades. LANGSTON HUGHES (1902-1967) histories,Best known songs, as biographies,a poet, but children'salso wrote books novels plays,. 20.19. FrederickFirst Book Doug/ass: of Jazz SMve, Fighter, Freeman Bontempsup) (Grades 5-9) by Langstoln Hughes (Grades 4 and by Arne *Awarded WitterSpingarnGuggenheim Medal fellowships, Amsfield-Wolfe Award, and Bynner Prize, Rosenwald and 22.21. LittleGolden Brown Slippers: An Anthology of Negro PoetryAma Bontemps (All grades) Baby by Paul Lawrence Dunbar (All by languagesHis works translated into more than twenty-five 23. grades) , (See references 1, 3, 7-11, 13, and 19.) 1 That Dunbar Boy by jean Gould (Grades 5 and up) (1903-1960) 1 24. The Story of PhylliS Wheatley: Poetess of the AmericanRevolution by Shirley Graham (Grades 5-6) BornNovelistFlorida and reared in an all-Negro town, Eatonville,

1 CULTURAL DEVELOPMENTS LITERATURE (continued) SUGGESTED RESOUCES R , EVENTSPERSONALITIES ZORA NEALE HURSTON (continued) wrote books of folklore, plays, librettos \ .&.. General References , (See references 8-103. .. Afro-American History and Culture, Publication No. 333, 1968 St. Paul Public Schools, I (18711938) (Also listed in CIVIL RIGHTS). BooksThe Poetryof Negro of Folklorethe Negro by by LangstonLanglstonl Hughes Hughes , Poet lyricist, critic Word Pictures of Great Negroes by Elise P. Derricotte , ,1 First Negro lawyer in Florida. , Records , , 1 a Lyricist for "Lift Everyto as the Voice Negro and National Sing," oftenAnthem referred 1 Schools(The following Audio-Visual album Seroices, is available or it may be orderedat the Dade from. County Public (SeeBorn referencesin Jacksonville, 1, 3, 7-10,Florida 13 and 14.) HiStoricaljersey,Mrs. 080093Dorothy Interpretation Conley Elarn,of Negro Rt 2,Spirituals Box 371 and C, Voice and Sing, No. 4-40654 , NewLift Every I , , . ) 1 LEROI JONES (1934- , 1 1 Notes Poet and dramatist '1 i *Wrote the play TheandYork Dutchman,fictionReceived in 1964,in 11961 a which John Hayopened Whitney in Fellowship for poetry NEW (SeemodernConsidered references American by critics10,11, playwrights andto be 13.) lone of the most promising

, 43 , NemmissiI)CULTURAL DEVELOPMENTSEVENTSPERSONALITIES LITERATURE (continued) SUGGESTED RESOURCES 1 CHARLEMAE HILL ROLLINS (Not available) Author of Negro biographies Notes (continued) 1 Together,Chairman a ofbibliography the revision of books committee by and forabout We Negroes Build I1 CARL T. ROWAN (1925, (Also(See references listed in LAW 9 and AND 16.) POLITICS) ) PHYLLISHOWARD WHEATLEY THURMAN (1900- (1753-1784) (Also listed in RELIGION) I (SeeSlaveRecognized references who began poetess 1, writing 3, 7-10, poetry 12, 18, in and her 24.)early teens H 1 , CULTURAL DEVELOPMENTSEVENTSPERSONALITIES MUSIC SUGGESTED RESOURCES LOUIS "SATCHMO" ARMSTRONG (1900-1971) Musicians and Composers 1. Teachers' References Jazz trumpeter 2. ActorThe in Exile:Afro,American The Life of Ira Aldridge by Mary Malone in History by , Starredand!Gave Queen in several several of 'England command motion picture performances films before the King 3. The American Negro Reference Book DavisBenjamin! Da Silva et al. United States edited by John P. , 24.)(See references 2-5, 7, B, 10, 12, 14, 18, 21, 23, and 4. Black Magic: A Pictorial History of the NegroAmerican inMilton EntertainmentMeltzer by Langston Hughes and

, , THOMAS .GREENE BETHUNE (1849-1908) 5. Black Music by LeRoi Jones WidelyBlind knownpianist andas "Blind composer Tom" of pure Afriren descent 6.7. GiantsFrom Slavery Americans by Johnto Hope Franklin Freedom: A History of Negro , of Jazz by Louis Terkel Wrote his first muSical composition at the age of five , Touredover seven Europe hundred and America songs performing a repertoire of , 9.8. HisGreat Negroes Past and Present E ye tg on the Sparrow by by Russell L. Adams (See references 2, 3, 10, and 26.) H 10. Historical Robinson (The International Library of Negro Life Negro Biographies by Withelmina S. JAMES BLAND (1854-1911) ,i and History), , , Virginia)"CarrySlippers,"Composer Me Backof"In minstrel the To EveningOld songs Virginia" such by the (officialas "Oh,Moonlight," stateDem songGolden and of , 12.11. LiliesThe ofNegro the Field Almanac Brown, Jr. by William, E. Barrett by Harry A. Plo,ski and Roscoe C. ! Minstrel Show performer ! 13. The NegroCharles in OurH. Wesley History by Carter G. Woodson and Musician (banjo) . 14. A Pictorial History of the Negro in America by 45 Langston Hughes and Milton Meltzer MUSIC (continued) CULTURAL DEVELOPMENTSEVENTSPERSONALITIESMusicians and Composers (continued) Teachers' References (continued)SUGGESTED RESOURCES JAMES BLAND (continued) I Gave a command performanceQueen Victoria at Buckingham Palace for 16.15. A Raisin in the Sun by Lorraine HansberryProfiles of Negro Womanhood by Syivia G. L. Dannett Teachers' References HARRY T. BURLEIGH (18661949) (Also(See references listed in MUSIC: 3, 4, 8, VOCALISTS)10, 12, 14, 23, and 26.) 17.18. A Touch of Innocence by Katherine DunhamTrumpeter's Tale: The Story of Young Louis Armstrongby Jeanette Eaton WILLIAM DAWSON (1898- * Composer, arrangerFormer director of the Tuskegee Institute Choir ) 19. Yes., / Can: The Story of Sammy Davis, Jr. by SammyDavis, Jr. with Jane and Burt Boyar Children's Books trainSentNobodyWrote Spanishto Spain weii-kilown Pray" choral by andthe groups United spirituals,"My Lord, toStates sing includingWhat NegroState A Morning" Departmentspirituais"I Couldn't Hearto 21,20. Afro-Americans,Afro-American Contributors Then and Now to Americanby Jane M. Life Hurley by John and DorisM. Franco M. Haynes (Grades (Grades 2-4) 2-4) (1899- (See references 2-4, 8, 10, and 11) ) 22. Famous American Negroes by Langston Hughes (Grades 5 and up) "SophisticatedComposedJazz pianist, composer, such Lady" orchestra leader hits as "Mood Indigo" and 24.23. ,Famous Negro Music Makers by LangstonFirst Hughes Book of Jazz by Langston Hughes (Grades 4up)(Grades and 6-10) (SeeandVoted 1940 references the most popular2-5, 7, 8, dance 10, 12-14, orchestra and 23.) leader in 1931 26.25. TheGreat Negro Amerkan in America Negroes by Earl in Spangler (Grades 4-6) (Grades K-6) Verse by Elois Culver CULTURAL DEVELOPMENTSEVENTSPERSONALITIES MUSIC (continued) SUGGESTED RESOURCES WILLIAM C. HANDY (18731958) Bandmaster, cornetist, composer Musicians and Composers (continued) 28.27. Word Pictures of Great Negroes by Elise SingersDerricotte of the Blues by Frank Surge (Grades 6 and up) 'Children's Books (continued) OftenFormer called director "Father of of music the Blues'1 at Alabama A & M University Ballads, Blues, and the Big Beat by Donald Myrus (Grades 3-4) General References FERDINAND "JELLY ROLL" MORTON (1885-19411Ragtime(See references pianist, composer,2-4, 8, 10, 12-14,blues singer 24, and 26.) Black and White by David Arkin and Earl Robinson2-7) (Grades (SeeComposer references of "Tiger 24, 12,Rag" 23, and 24.) GreatThe American Books of Negroes American by BenNegro Richardson Spiritual's (Grades byJohnson Jamesup)- 6 and and W. J. Rosamond Johnson It (1895-* 'Conductor, composer ) A junior History of the American Negro: Volume Two,6War and Civil to up) Civil Rights War by Morris G. Goodman (Grades. WonofFirst serious the Negro Harmon music to lead Award a malor for orchestrahis contributions in the performance, to music PlayNegro Songs Art ofMusic the Deepand Rhyme South byby HelenAltona A. Trent-Johns Whitney K-3)(Grades (All (SeeReceivedin 1927 references the Guggenheim 2-4, 6, 8, 10, uid 12, Rosenwald 14, and 23.) fellowships They Showed the Way: Forty American NegroCharlemaegrades) Leaders byHill Rollins (Grades 5-8) (TheThings following That Go records Bang byare List available Weil (Grades from the K-3) Dade County Records 47 Public Schools Audio-Visual Services.) MUSIC (continued) CULTURAL. DEVELOPMENTSEVENTS-7PERSONALITIESMusicians and Composers (continued) SUGGESTED RESOURCESRecords (continued) Spirituals,HiStorical Interpretation of Negro Spirituals: Lift VoiceEvery and Sing, No. 4-40654 (four records) No. 4-30050, No,. 4-30019, No. Great(The following Spirituals records sung bif may Marian be purchased Anderson from record4-40212, shops.) No. 4410319 BlessHe's GotThis theHouse Whole sung Worldby Mahalia in His Jackson Hands sungAnderson by Marian BlessSpirituals'Tuskegee This sungHouse 'institute by sung the Choir Howardby the Spirtuals Jubilee SingersChoir The(The Negro following People records in America.. maV be Heirloom "ordered Records,from theBallads.listed.) Songscompanies and Brookhaven, New York Negro Folk Music of Africa and America. Notes byWaterman Richard and . Harold Couriander. Ethnic Folkways Songs of the American Negro Slaves. Folkways ScholarShipJerseyRecords.Library 07632 (FE 906 5400), Sylvan 2 records Avenue, Englewood Cliffs, New MUSIC (continued) CULTURAL DEVELOPMENTSEVENTSPERSONALITIES SUGGESTED RESOURCESN1111111111111111111111111111111111114P Contralto (1908- Vocalists COMPOSE RS. efer to references in Notes MUSIC: MUSICIANS AND. fieldReceivedFirst of Negromusic the to Spingarnsing at the Medal Metropolitan for achievements Opera in the Assembly(SeeAppointed references of theUnited United 2-4, States Nations 6, 8, 10, 12-14, 20-23, delegate to the 13th General 25, and 26.) PEARL BAILEY (1918- Comedienne',ACTA(Also listedESSES) in singer, PERFORMING Broadway 1 star ARTS: ACTORS AND all-NegroRecentlyperformerWon the cast. Dcrteldson starred in 1946 in the musical Award as the most Hello Dolly with promising new an JOSEPHINE BAKER (1906- ACTRESSES(Also(See listed references inand PERFORMING PERFORMING 3 4 and 12.1 ARTS: ACTORS AND ARTS: DANCERS. ACTRESSES)(AlsoAND CHOREOGRAPHERS) listed in PERFORMING (1927- ) ARTS: ACTORS AND Folk singer, actor, 'composer, producer 49 . _

MUSIC (continued) , CULTURAL DEVELOPMENTSEVENTSPERSONALITIESVocalists (continued) - . SUGGESTED RESOURCES Notes (continued) HARRY BELAFONTE (continued)* Only Negro producerspecials to receive awards for several TV HARRY T. BURLEIGH (1866-1949) (See references 24, 12, and 14.) - in (Also listed ) MUSIC: MUSICIANS AND , COMPOSER , NewBaritoneFirst York. Negro soloist to sing in the choir of Temple Emanu-El in , , , , (SeeprogressReceived references of the the Negro2-4, Spingarn 8, in 10, music andAward 12.) for contributions to the SAMMY DAVIS, jR. 0925- ACTORSCHOREOGRAPHERS(Also listed AND in ACTRESSES) PERFORMING and PERFORMING ARTS: DANCERS ARTS: AND ) . Brought fame to the Negro spiritual . *Toured America andFisk EuropeUniversity to raise open money to keep , (See references 2-4, 6, 12, 14, 15, 23, and 261 ,

, , MUSIC (continued) CULTURAL DEVELOPMENTSEVENTSPERSONALITIES,Vocalists (continued) SUGGESTED RESOURCES ELIZABETH TAYLOR localFirst Americanrecognition Negro GREENFIELD (1809-1876) concert singer to win more than Notes (continued) BuckinghamGaveHad a an command unusual Palace voice performance before Queen range of twenty-seven notes Victoria at (1887- (See references 3, 4, 8, 10, 14, ) and 15.) ReceivedGaveFirst a Negrocommand Spingarn singer performance Medal to give in a concert at Carnegie Hail1924 in London in 1920 BILLIE HOLIDAY (1915-1959) Jazz (Seesinger references 2-4, 8, 10, 12, 14, and 23.) (Seecoast-to-coastOne references of the first radio 2-5 Negro 7,network 8, singers to perform12, regularlyand 27.) on a 51 'CULTURAL DEVELOPMENTSEVENTSPERSONALITIES MUSIC (continued) SUGGESTED RESOURCES (1917- Vocalists (continued) ) Notes (continued) Singer,FirstACTRESSES)(Also actressblack listed woman in PERFORMING ever to sign ARTS:a term contractACTORS in ANDfilms (1911h Gospel(See referencessinger 2,4, 10,12-14, 23, and 26.) ) (SeecopiesRecorded referenáes the 2-4, first 12, gospel and 23.)hit to sell more than a million (1927- ofMadeLyric the soprano extensiveState Department foreign concert tours under the auspices ) (1898, ACTRESSES)(Also(See references listed in PERFORMING2-4, 6, 10, 12,14, ARTS: -and 26.) ACTORS AND ) productionFirstBaritone Negro singer, to actor play a title role in a Broadway. (See references 2-4, 8, 10, 12, and 26.) 52 CULTURAL EVENTSPERSONALITIES DEVELOPMENTS MUSIC (continued) SUGGESTED RESOURCES 1111111 BESSIE SMITH (1894-1937) One of the first of the great jazz vocalists Vocalists (continued) Notes (continued) THE SUPREMES One(See of thereferences most popular 2-4, 7, female12, 13, vocal23, and 27.) groups of the 60's ETHEL WATERS (1900- ACTRESSES)(Also(See references listed in PERFORMING 2, 4, and 12.) ARTS: ACTORS AND )

53 CULTURAL DEVELOPMENTS PERFORMING ARTS EVENTSPERSONALITIESActors and Actresses Refer to references SUGGESTED RESOURCES in MUSIC: MUSICIANS AND IRA FREDERICK ALDRIDGE 18051867)ActorHis best rote believed to be in Othello at the Royalty COMPOSERS. Notes AwardedTheatreReceived in the London a Cross title from of Leopold the King by of the Prussia Czar of Russia ShakespeareHonoredReceived with the Memorial.Theater anMaltese Ira, Aldridge Cross from atMemorial Stratford-on-Avon the city ofChair Bern in the PEARL BAILEY (1918- (See references 1-4, 8, 10, 12, 14, 26, and 28.) ) JOSEPHINE BAKER (1906- (Also listed in MUSIC: VOCALISTS) listed in MUSIC: ) VOCALISTS and CHOREOGRAPHERS)PERFORMING ARTS: DANCERS AND ) JAMESHARRY NATHANIEL BELAFONTE BROWN (1927- (1936- (Also listed in MUSIC: VOCALISTS) ) (1938- (Also listed in SPORTS) ) Actor,seriesFirst Comedian black ("I Spy") actor ever to star in a netvvork television CULTURAL DEVELOPMENTS PERFORMING ARTS (continued) Actors and Actresses (continued) EVENTSPERSONALITIES SUGGESTED RESOURCES Notes (continued) BILL COSBY (continued) (SeeFirst Negroreferences to win 2, 4,an end Emmy 12.) Award SAMMY DAVIS, JR. (1925- CHOREOGRAPHERS)PERFORMING(Also ARTS: DANCERS AND listed in MUSIC: ) VOCALISTS and Songrand-danceFormercomedian member man, of the actor Will on Mastin Broadway Trio and in films, Bess,Lucasta;AchievedBegan asOcean's an entertainer 11; Sergeants at the age Three; of three and Porgy andin which he played "Sportin' Life" success in many films, including Anna RequestedWonderfulStarred in Broadwayby Queen Elizabethmusicals ofGolden England to Boy and appear at Mr. Publishedthe(See annual references his Command autobiography, 2-4, Performance 12, and Yes, 19.) ./ at Can, Victoria in 1965 Palace

55 n AWN. mommiummationr CULTURAL DEVELOPMENTSEVENTSPERSONALITIES PERFORMING ARTS (continued) SUGGESTED RESOURCES 41111=1=111' RICHARD B. HARRISON (1864-1935) Drama instructor Actors and Actresses (continued) Notes (continued) WonproductionKnown1,655 the timesSpingarnfor of his Green Medal Pastures; in 1930 performed "Die Lewd" role as "De Lewd" in the stage LENA HORNE (1917- (Also(See references listed in MUSIC: 2, 4, 8, VOCALISTS)10, 12, and 14.) ) HATTIE MCDANIEL (1898-1952) ActressReferred to as the "colored Sophie Tucker" herSciencesPlayedReceived performance stereotyped the from Oscar inthe Gone awardrole Academy of with for "Mammy" best the of MotionWindsupporting Picture actress Arts for and (1927- (See references 2-4 10, and 12.) ) recognitionFActor irst Negro of hisnominated performance for inan The Academy Defiant Ones Awardin II PERFORMING ARTS II , CULTURAL DEVELOPMENTSEVENTSPERSONALITIES (continued) SUGGESTED RESOURCES, , Actors and Actresses (continued) , Notes (continu ) 1 SIDNEY POITIER recognitionFirst Negro of his to performance win in (continued) an Oscar for a l'eading rotein Won the SylvaniaStarred TV in the stage play Award in 1950 A Raisin in the Sun Lilies of the Field in 1958 1 PAUL ROBESON (Also listed in MUSIC: (1898- VOCALISTS) ) , BILL "BOJANGLES" ROBINSON (1878-1949) (Also listed in PERFORMING , ETHEL WATERS (1900- (AlsoCHOREOGRAPHERS) listed in MUSIC: VOCALISTS) ) ARTS: DANCERS AND ' MemberDramatic of Billyactress Graham's 11 , "Cmsade for Christ" 1 Appeared on Broadway in 1927 Published her autobiography in 1951 1 1 (See references 2-4, 840, 12, 14, 21, and 23.) II , 57, CULTURAL DEVELOPMENTS.EVENTSPERSONALITIES PERFORMING ARTS (continued) SUGGESTED RESOURCES , ' Dancers and Choreographers - Refer to references in MUSIC: MUSICIANS AND I JOSEPHINE BAKER (1906- PERFORMING(Also ARTS: ACTORS AND ACTRESSES) listed in MUSIC: VOCALISTS ) and 'COMPOSERS. Notes (continued) ,

Singer., dancer 1 1 1 , (SeeandAwarded entertainer references decoration 2-4for Frenchand for 12.) her forces wartime activities as nurse , JANT COLLINS (Not available)

First black prima ballerina at the Metropolitan Opera I , SAMMY DAVIS, jR. (192$ (See references 4 and 12.) ) , PERFORMING(Also ARTS: ACTORS AND ACTRESSES) listed in MUSIC: VOCALISTS ) and 'KATHERINE DUNHAM (1910- Dancer, choreographer 1 Aida(SeeHouse,First referencesblack in charge choreographer 3, of4 8,the 10, ballet 12, at 13, thefor 17.)Metropolitana new production of Opera CULTURAL DEVELOPMENTSEVENTSPERSONALITIES PERFORMING ARTS (continued) SUGGESTED RESOURCES BILL "BMW LES" ROBINSON (1878-1949)ACTRESSES)(Also, listed in PERFORMING ARTS: ACTORS AND Dances and Choreographers (continued) Notes (continued) (SeeStarredKnown references in theas "King first 2-4, all-Negro of 12 the and Tap 23.)talking Dancers" movie

59 CULTURAL DEVELOPMENTSEVENTSPERSONALITIES RELIGION SUGGESTED RESOURCES RICHARDRALPH DAVID ALLEN ABERNATHY (1760-1831) (1926- (Also listed in CIVIL RIGHTS) 1. Black America Yesterday and Today by David C. forty-pagePublishingCook resource booklet) Teachers' References 'Company (Twenty pictures with CanadaParticipatedOrganizerEpiscopal and Church in firsta movement bishop of to the relocate African Negroes Methodist in 3.2. HistoricalGreat NegroesPast and Present by Russell L. AdamsRobinson (The international Library of Negro Life Negro Biographies by Witheimina S. RICHARD HENRY BOYD (18434922) (Also(See referenceslisted in BUSINESS) 1-4, 6, and 7.) 4. In Freedom's Footsteps by Charles H. Wesley and(TheInternational History) Library of Negro Life and History) 'PublishingOrganizerBaptist ministerBoard of missi,onary and founder centers abroadof the National Baptist and(The5. may following be suitable books for are teachers above thereferences.), sixth-grade readingHoward level Thurman: Portrait of a Practical Dreamer by CompanyFounder and president the National of the Baptist Nashville Church Globe PublishingSupply 6. The Negro in America by Earl Spangler (Grades 4-6)Elizabeth Yates (Grade 6 and up) isnildren's Books JAMES AUGUSTINE HEALY (1830-1900) First(See referenceCatholic 3.)Bishop of African descent in the United 7. TheUnder Unfinished the New March Roof: by FiveCarol Patriots F, Drisko of and lire Edgar YoungRepublic A. by Esther Douty (Grades 4-6) StatesforPresided twenty-five over 'theyears Diocese of Maine and New Hampshire The Heritage and Contributions of the Negro American Tannin (Grades 4-6) General Reference by HolyGraduated(See Cross references Collegewith honors 2 and in6.) the first graduating class from Denver Public Schools CULTURAL DEVELOPMENTS RELIGION (continued) SUGGESTED RESOURCES MORDECAI JOHNSON (1890- (Also listed in EDUCATION) EVENTSPERSONALITIES Notes DANIELMARTIN ALEXANDER LUTHER KING, PAYNE JR. (19294968) (1811-1893) (Also listed in CIVIL RIGHTS) EducatorFirst(Also Negro listed of inpresidentthe EDUCATION) African of Methodist Wiiberforce Episcopal University Church in Ohio (SeeMethodistResponsible references Episcopal 2-4.) ministers for the formal education of African ADAMPAUL CLAYTON THOMAS POWELL,(1773-1831) jR. (19011 POLITICS)(Also listed in CIVIL RIGHTS and LAW AND ) forBeganPioneer Negroes the Baptist movement in America clergyman for independent Baptist churches HOWARD THURMAN (1900- (Also(See reference listed in 1.)LITERATURE) ) InternationalProfessorClergyman, and philospher speaker Dean of Chapel, 1Sei(references 3 and 5.) 61 RELIGION (continued) CULTURAL DEVELOPMENTSEVENTSPERSONALITIES 1 SUGGESTED RESOURCES

1 HENRY MCNEAL TURNER (1833-1915) 1 Notes (continued) 1 Methodist bishop, politician, orator, philosopher 1 SerriedAppointedchaplain to by the President black troops Lincoln as the first Negro as a member of the state constitutional convention of Georgia 1 (SeeAfricanCompiled references Methodist a hymnboJk 2, 3,Episcopal and and8.) Churchwrote a catechism for the

1 , , SCIENCE , , 1 CULTURAL DEVELOPMENTS SUGGESTED RESOURCES , EVENTSPERSONALITIES \ ,ammum, BENJAMIN BANNEKER (1731-1806) Inventor, mathematician, gazetteer 1. Benjamin Banneker: The Teachers' References Man Who Saved Washington * Publisher of an almanacSurieyorfor Washington, on a team D. which C. helped lay out the blueprint. 2. Charles Richard Drew: Pioneer in Blood ResearchbyRichard Claude LewisHardwick by 1 3. Great Negroes Past and Present by Russell L. Adams 1 , Made a wooden striking clock, believed to be the first 1 1 mpde wholly in America 4. S. I Historical Negro Biographies by Wilhelmina 1 Robinson (The international Library of Negro Life 1 (See references 1 and 3-6.) and History) , (1864-1943)BornAso a listedslave, in the EDUCATION) first Negro to attend Simpson College 5. The Negro Almanac compiled and edited by HarryNoski and Roscoe C. Brown, Jr.. Children's Books A. , 1 in Indianola, lowa 1 , , 6. "Benjamin's Clock" by Ann King. Ventures. (The New 1 First Negro to sem on the faculty of the present Iowa Basic 1 Readers Series; Scott, Foresman and 1 State University Company) (Grade 4) 1 1 , potatoProducedDiscovered many 300 new products uses for from the the peanut soybean and sweet 7.8. BloodCharles Drew by Roland Bertol (Grades 3.5) Gelders Sterne (Grades 5-8) Brothers: Four Men of Science by Emma , NamedAgricultureHis ideas a Fellowon for agriculture farmers of the allRoyal published over Society, the byworld the London; Department received of 10. 9. George"Dr. Dan" Carver by Helen Boy Buckler,Scientist Open Highways, Book(Scott, 4. Foresman and Company) (Grade 4) by Augusta Stevenson 1 the in 1923 H (Grades 3-4) I CarverDonated Foundation his life's savings to the George Washington 11. George Washington Carver: The Story of American by Anne Terry White (Grades 6-8) a Great 1 The Real Book About George , (See references 3-5 and 1013.) 12. 1 Washington Carver by 63 Harold Coy (Grades 3-7) SCIENCE (continued) CHARLES DREW ( 1904-1950) CULTURAL DEVELOPMENTSEVENTSPERSONALITIES SUGGESTED RESOURCES DirectorPioneer bloodof the plasma American researcher Red Cross during World II 13. A Weed is a Flower. The Life of George Washington Carver by Aliki Brandenberg (Grades K-3) Children's Books (continued) SavedfoundedDiscovered hundreds first ways blood of thousandsand banks means of of lives preserving during Worldblood plasma,War II Britannica knior Encyclopedia (Entry according' to contributor's name) General References MATTHEW HENSON (18671955) (See references 2-5, 7, and 8.) EncyclopediaCompton's Encyclopedia Britannica (Entry(Entry according according to tocontributor's contributor's name) name) andAccompaniedPolar was explorer &it man Admiral actually Robert to reach Peary the toPole the North Pole PERCY JULIAN (1898- Chemist.(See references 3 and 5.) ) ExtractedarthritisinflammatoryHelped createan ingredient arthritis derivative from drugs the soybeanused by sufferers to relieve of (SeetreatmentSuccessfully references of glaucoma composed 4 and 5.) the drug used in medicine for Rd CULTURAL DEVELOPMENTSEVENTSPERSONALITIES SCIENCE (continued) SUGGESTED RESOURCES ERNEST E. JUST (1883-1941) Biologist Notes RecipientstudyAuthor of of the oftwo numerouscell books relating awards to and egg citations fertilization and the THEODORE K. LAWLESS (1892- (see references 3-5.) ) BlackDermatologist, millionaire philanthropist whose philanthropy is not restricted to WinnerMadehis: race of contributions awards for achievement to the treatment in medicine of leprosy JAN MATZELIGER (1852-1 (See reference 3.) 9) . theInvented shoe industry the shoe-lasting machine which revolutionized world"Made(See Lynn,references , 3-5.) the "shoe capital of the 65 CULTURAL DEVELOPMENTS SCIENCE Nommuitomimrsommump (continued) wainisomminumimumm 1 NORBERT R IL LIEUX (18061894) EVENTSPERSONAL IT IES SUGGESTED RESOURCES Notes (continued) 1 Scientist, inventor InventedBecame a a reputable system that engineer reduced in Louisianathe production cost and DANIEL HALE WILLIAMS (1856-1931) provided(See references a superior 3-5.) quality of sugar heartperformedPioneerFounder in open-heart the of Providentfirst successful Hospital, surgery operation on the human Chicago, in which he GRANVILLE T. WOODS (18561910) (Also(See referenceslisted in BUSINESS) 3-5 and 9.) boiler,ObtainedInventor to an over incubator thirty-five capable patents, ranging from a steam of hatching 50,000 eggs BellSoldat a time,Telephone many to of the his automaticCompany electrical air brake inventionsand the to Generalthe American Electric (SeeCompany references 3-5.) i CULTURAL DEVELOPMENTSEVENTSPERSONALITIES Aw , SPORTS SUGGESTED RESOURCES. . ,,,...... HENRY LOUIS AARON (1934- ) l' Teachers' References 1 DescribedBaseball player by sports writers as the "greatest right-handed 2.1. Historical"Aaron, NegroR, Biographies by WHheimina F." by Henry Aaron S. Robinson * Has led the Nationalbatter League since in runs Rogers scored, Hornsby" total bases, 3. History)(The International Library of Negro Life and averageshits, doubles, home runs, runs batted in, and batting The Negro Almanac Brown, Jr. by Harry A. Ploski and Roscoe C. 1 , (See references 1 and 3.) 4. L MOHAMMED ALI (CASSIUS CLAY) (1942- Olympic Games Light Heavyweight Champion' in 1960 ) and(The may be suitable for teachers' references.) A Pktorial Histolyfollowing of the books Negro are inabove America the sixth-grade byLangston reading Hughes level and Milton Meltzer il1 National Golden Gloves champion in 1960 6.5. The Cassius Clay Story by George Sullivan Gained the world boxing title in 1964 Famous Negro Athletes by Alma Bontemps , JAMES (Also(See references listed in PERFORMING 3-5 and 23.)NATHANIEL ARTS: ACTORS BROWN AND (1936- ) 8.7. /Ifs Good toAlways Wanted to Be Sornebody Be Alive by Roy Campanella by Althea Gibson , VotedFootballACTRESSES) by running the United back Press as "Rookie of the Year" at 10. 9. JimThe Brown, Jessie The Owens Running Story Back by Jessie by Larry Owens Klein with Neimark Paul G. *Won award as the Nationalthe1957 end ofLeague's the first foremost year with star the Cleveland Browns in 12.11. MaybeWait 171 Till Pitch Next Forever Rowan Year by and Carl E. by Satchel Paige 67 13. by Arnold Hano CULTURAL DEVELOPMENTSEVENTSPERSONALITIES SPORTS (continued) SUGGESTED RESOURCES JAMES NATHANIEL BROWN (continued) YearNamed by the American United Press Athlete International of the Year and Player of the 14. Willie Mays: Coast to Coast by Charles Einstein Teachers' References (continued) ROY CAMPANELLA (1921- (See references 2-4, 6, and 10.1 ) 15. The Willie Mays Story by Milton J. Shapiro Children's Books onOnly three Negro separate to receive occasions the title "Most Valuable Player" 17.16. GreBreakthrough test to the Big League by Alfred Duckett (Grades 5-9) World Sthès Thrillers by Ray jackie Robinson Robinson. and PresentlyParalyzedPlayed with servesas five a result asNational a ofsports an 'League automobile commentator pennant accident winners 19.18. JackieJake Gaither, Robinson Winning of the BrooklynCoach by Dodgers Wyatt Blassingame by Milton J. Shapiro(Grades (Grades 4-7) 6-10) WULTON CHAMBERLAIN (1936-s Basketball player(See references 3 and 4.) 21.20. Olympic Thrills by Joseph Bell (Grades 6 and Willieup) Mays, Modest Champion by Gene Schoor (Grades(Grades 4 and up) * Hired by the HarlemaveragefromReceived Globetrotters colleges as morea high because thanschool two student of hundred his athletic scholarship career andoffers B 22.23. YoungWilt Chamberlain Olympic Champions by Kenneth byRudeen Steve (Grades Gelman 4-6) (Grades6-9)5-9) (SeeofHonored his references first as season Rookie 2-4, with 6,of 8,the and PhiladelphiaYear 22.) in basketball 76er's at the end AnchorBritannica Man by junior Jesse Encyclopedia, Jackson (Grades Division 5-9) of Encyclopedia General References 68 Britannica, Inc. (Entry according' to person's name) CULTURAL DEVELOPMENTSEVENTSPERSONALITIES SPORTS (continued) SUGGESTED RESOURCES ALONZO "JAKE" GAITHER (1903- UniversityFootball coach and athletic director of Florida A & M ) Call Me Charley by (Grades 5-9) General References (continued) honorParkElected and to recreation the He lmes center Foundation in Tallahassee Hall of Fame named in in1962 his EncyclopediaCompton's Britannica,Britannica, inc. Inc. (Entry (Entry according according to toperson's person's name) name) Encyclopedia,. Britannica, Division of EncyclopediaEncyclopedia ALTHEA GIBSON (1927- (See references 2 and 19.) ) OnlyLittle 1-heLeague Ball Heroes Was White by Curtis by R obertKent BishopPeterson TouredTennisplayers championsoutheast by invitation ofAsia international of with the aState team reputation Department. of American tennis Notes *Won Wimbledon (Seeand1957 referencesForest Hills 2-4, championships 6, 7, and 20.) in RAFER JOHNSON (1935- *Winner of OlympicTrack decathlon and field gold star medal ) theGained(See world" referencerecognition- 3.) as "the greatest. all-around athlete in

' .1 I Irk I k . I I I I 69 -; , SPORTS (continued) ,,, , CULTURAL DEVELOPMENTSEVENTSPERSONALITIES; SUGGESTED R ESOU RC ES Immoommir ;

JOE LOUIS (1914- ) Notes (continued) , anyoneHeldBoxer theelse world's before heavyweightor since his time. championship longer than; , DefendedEarned the his nickname title in twenty4ive"Brown Bomber" title fights, more than ; the total of the preceding eight champions. , (See reference 3.) , , WILLIE MAYS (1931- ) , , Made his professional , , Birmingham Black Barons debut in baseball with the Won(SeeBecame the references Most National Valuable 2-4, League's 6, Player 13-15, awardRookie 17, and in; of 21.)1965 the Year in 1957 JESSE OWENS (1913- TrackBecame and fieldknown star as "The Ebony Antelope" ) ; Wonwhich four Adolph gold medals Hitler refused at the Berlinto present Olympics in 1936, , (See references 2-4, 6, and 9.) MIR CULTURAL DEVELOPMENTSEVENTSPERSONALITIES SPORTS (continued) SUGGESTED RESOURCES SATCHEL PAIGE (1904- Well-knownCalledRobinson "the name best broke pitcherin thebaseball color I ever circlesbarrier faced" longof by organized beforeJoe Di JackieMaggio baseball ) Notes (continued) JACKIE ROBINSON (1919- (See references 3, 4, 6, and 11.) ) inNamedBeganBroke 1962 thehis to colorthemajor Hall barrier career of Fame inwith organized in the Cooperstown', Brooklyn baseball Dodgers New York, "SUGAR" RAY ROBINSON (1921- (See references 2-4, 6, 12, and 18.) ) TooktheOften1951 history thecalled middleweight of theboxing greatest crownfighter from "pound Jake for la pound" Motta in victories(SeeotherFought references fighter ina seriestitle in history24, bouts of and bouts to6.) his after creditmore retiring, addingthan any six WILMA RUDOLPH (1940- medalsOnly American in the Olyrnpic woman Games runner ever to win three gold ) 71 SPORTS (continued) WILMA RUDOLPH (continued) CULTURAL DEVELOPMENTSEVENTSPERSONALITIES SUGGESTED RESOURCES Notes (continued) 1960NameduntilBecause the Unitedage of earlyof eightStates illness Female was unable Athlete to of walk the Year for properly (See references 2-4, 20, and 23.) fi

11

1 II1, 1 72 1 RIG TS PROTEST AND PROGRESS CULTURAL DEVELOPMENTSEVENTSPERSONALITIES CIVIL RIGHTS SUGGESTED RESOURCES RALPH DAVID ABERNATHY (1926- Baptist(Also ministerlisted in RELIGION) 1. The Afro-AmeriCan in the United States History by Teachers' References Leader(SCLC) of theafter Southern Martin Luther Christian King's Leadership assasSination Conference in 1968 3.2. The AmericanChronological Negro History Reference of the Book Negro by inJohn America P. DavisBenjamin by Da Silva et al. AssociatedWashington,Carried out withTheD. C. Martinplan after forDr. L. aKing'sKing, Poor Jr.death People's in ail areas March of theon . 4. The Negro in Our History by Carter G. WoodsonCharlesPeter and M. H. Bergman Wesley and Mort N. Bergman IDA B. WELLS BARNETT (1869-1931) nonviolent(See references civil rights 1-3, movement 5-7, 11, 16, and 21.) 6.5. A Pictorial The Negro Pilgrimage In America by C. Eric LincolnLangston Hughes and Milton Meltzer History of the Negro in America by MilitantTeacher civil rights fighter of the nineteenth centurf and(The may be7. suitable for teachers' referentes.) I Have A Dream byfollowing Emma Geldersbooks are Sterne above the sixth-grade reading level AfricanChairmanTennesseeEditor Council of the Anti-Lynching Bureau of the National of newspaper Free Speech in Memphis, 9.B. AA juniorJunior History History of of the the American Aterican Negro,Negro Volume Two:One: Discovery to the Civil War by Morris C. Goodman Appointed'OrganizerLeague in andprobation 1908 first president officer in Chicagoof the Negro Fellowship 10. Negroes Who Helped Build America by Madeline StrattonGoodmanThe Civil War to the CiVil Rights War; by Morris C. (SeeLeagueElected references Vice-President 2, 3, 6, 14, of15, the 20 Chicagoand 211 Equal Rights 11.12.From Eyewitness: Slavery The to Negro Freedom in American by John HopeHistory by William Katz Franklin' 75' 13. Great Negroes Past and Present by 'Russell L. Adams ... CIVIL RIGHTS (continued) 1 1 CULTURAL DEVELOPMENTSEVENTSPERSONALITIES SUGGESTED RESOURCES ) 1 DAISY GATSON BATES (1922- 1 1 PresidentCivil rights of worker, Little Rock, integrationist Arkansas's NAACP in 1953 14. Historical Robinson (The International Library Teachers' References (continued)Negro Biographies by Wilhelrnina of Negro Life S. 1 and History) 1 boardBroughtFought to organizedadmitagainst Negroes segregated pressure to Central schools in Arkansas on Little Rock's school High School 16.15. The Negro Almanac by Harry Brown, Jr. A. Ploski and Roscoe C. Received many awards and I The Negro Handbook by the Publishing Company, Inc., Chicago, editors of Ebony, Johnson 1966 1 played in the desegregation of schools citations for the role she in the South (SeeintegrationistPublished references a book 2, in3, 1962'6, 7, and to tell of her experiences 14-16.) as an 17. What Manner of Man: King by Lerone Bennett, Jr. Children's Books A Biography of Martin Luther (1942- CommitteeMihtant leader (SNCC) of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating ) 19.18. Afro-American Contributors Afro-Americans, Then and Now by DorisM. FrancoHaynes et (Grades al. (Grades 2-4) 2-4) to American Life by John Jane Hurley and

Civil rights worker in the 1 20. Famo(uGsraNdeegsr4_o 6H)eroes of America by Langston Hughes movement of the early 1960's , popularized the term "" .. I (SeeNorthRelinquished references leadership 1, 3, 5, 6, of 12, SNCC 15, and 16.) to travel to Cuba and 22.21. Martin Important Luther Dates King: in ClaytonBennett (Grades Hopkins 4-6) (Grades 4-6) The Peaceful WarriorAfro-American by Edward History by Lee T. W. E. B. DUBOIS (18681963) (Also listed in EDUCATION) 11 23. Meet Martin Luther (Grades 4-6) King, Jr. by James T. de Kay 1 JAMES FARMER (1920- ) 24. Negro In America by Earl Spangler (Grades Methodist clergyman 1 4-6) CULTURAL DEVELOPMENTSEVENTSPERSONALITIES CIVIL RIGHTS (continued) SUGGESTED !RESOURCES JAMES Organizer of the Congress of RacialFARMER Equality (continued) (CORE), Afro-American History and culture, Publication General References No. 333, St. ProgramtheRadio firs'. black director American for the protestNAACP organizatrun and television commentator on programs A BibliographyThe American of Books Negro: and A Chronology Educational by Media Irving J.Related SloanPaul to Public Schools, St. Paul, Minnesota, 1968 OriginatorLeadersponsored of civilof by the therights CORE-planned United demonstration! Auto Workers "freedom in Louisiana in Detroit rides" Color Me Brown by L. H. Giles and L. F. HolmesNegroInstruction, Culture Miami, by Dade Florida, County 1969. Board of Public (SeetheAssistant administration references Secretary 1 3,5,of of President Health,7, 11, 12, Education, Richard 14-16, 18, M. and andNixon Welfare 21.) in GreatTheThe First Heritage Book of and American Contributions Negroes of by the Margaret Negro B.American, YoungAmerican Negroes in Verse by Eloise Culver MARCUS GARVEY (1887-1940) Jamaican!(Also listed in BUSINESS) A Layman'sThe Negro Guide American by Rayford W. Logan andDenver Irving S.Public Schools, Denver, Colorado, 1969 to Negro HiStor y by Erwin A. Salk a Organized PublishedAssociation the to Negro carry WorldNegroes newspaper back to Africa the Universal Negro Improvement Negro CohenInstruction, Miami, HistoryForida, 1969and Culture, Dade County Board of Public JAMES WELDON JOHNSON (1871-1938) (Also(See references listed in LITERATURE) 1-7, 9, and 11-15.) The NegroNegro in in America American by LarryHistory Cuban (A !Curriculum ResourceDistrictBulletin of for Columbia, Secondary Washington, Schools, PublicD. C.) Schools of the MARTIN LUTHER KING, jR. (19291968) Leader(Also listed in the in Civil RELIGION) Rights Movements The StoryNegro of Vanguard the American by Richard Negro Bardolphby Earl Schenck Miers Minister!, ordained in 1947 71 They Showed the Way: Forty American Negro LeadersCharlemae by Hill Rollins CULTURAL DEVELOPMENTS CIVIL RIGHTS (continued) MARTIN LUTHER EVENTSPERSONAL IT IES KING, JR. (continued) General ReferencesSUGGESTED RESOURCES (continued) FoughtMontgomery,Pastor against racialAlabama discrimination of Dexter Avenue Baptist Church in WordTogether Pictures in ofAmerica: The Nation by Johanna Great Negroes Johnston Story of Two Races by Elise Palmer Derricotte and One *Leading ConferenceOrganizerdiscrimination (SCLC) ofadvocate the Southern of nonviolence Christian to Leadership combat PrizeYoungestOrganized (1964) manthe march in history to receive theon Washington Nobel. in 1963 Peace NamedPresident "Man of the of,the Montgomery Year" in 1963 Improvement Association by Time magazine , existedUsed inmarches to expose to the nation injustices that ReceivedUniversityReceived the the Doctor Doctor many of our American cities of Philosophy degree from Boston AssassinatedTheologicalTheological Seminary April Seminary and 4, 1968, in Memphis, of Divinity the University of degree from Boston Tennessee Chicago 1 THURG0013 MARSHALL (Also(See listed references in LAW 1-19 AND POLITICS)and 21-24.) (1908- ' * ) CULTURAL DEVELOPMENTS CIVIL RIGHTS (continued) SUGGESTED RESOURCES FLOYD B. MCKISSICK (1922- North Carolina lawyer EVENTS:PERSONALITIES ) Notes (continued) (1921- (SeeNational references Director 2, of5, 14-16,CORE 18,from 21, 1966 and to24,) 1968 ADAM CLAYTON POWELL (1908- (Also(Also listed listed in in RELIGION LAW AND and POLITICS) LAW AND POLITICS) ) BOOKERA. T. WASHINGTON (1856-1915) (AlsoPHILIP listed RANDOLPH in LAW AND (1889- POLITICS) ) (18911955) Militant(Also listedexecutive in EDUCATION) secretary of the NAACP' *Writer fromRecipient the NAACP of many awards, including the Spingarn Medal (1901- Executive(See references Director 2-7, of the 12-16, NAACP 21 and 24.) ) Assistant executiveWaiternewspaperManaging White. secretary. editor of the the Kansas city CA a NegroNAACP weekly under CIVIL RIGHTS (continued) ROY WILKINS (continued) CULTURAL DEVELOPMENTSEVENTSPERSONALITIES SUGGESTED RESOURCES 41 Editor MobilizationChairman of the National Emergency Civil of Crisis magazine, succeeding W. E. B. DuBois Rights Notes (continued) WHITNEY M. YOUNG (1921-1971) Executive(See references 2-5, 7, 9, 11-16, 18, 21, and Secretary of the 24.) Advocate of a moreWorkServed militant as dean policy of Atlanta for black University's School of Social people, 24.)(Seepowerbased references on dignity, 2, unity, 3, 5, 7, and 9, 11,achievement 14-16, 18, 19,of political 21, and

1 1 RU CULTURAL DEVELOPMENTSEVENTSPERSONALITIES LAW AND POLITICS SUGGESTED RESOURCES laiimisnamook EDWARD W. BROOKE III (1919- Republican from Massachusetts ) 1 The Afro-American Benjamin Da Silva et al. Teachers' References in United States History, by Reconstruction'FirstLawyer Negro elected to the since 3.2. The American Negro Reference BookThe by ChronologiCal John P. Davis History of the Negro in AmericaPeter by M. Bergman and Mort N. Bergman (SeeElectedChairman references attorney of !the 1-4, generalBoston 7-10, Financeof 12, Massachusetts 13, Commissionand 18.) in 1962 in 1961 5.4. From Slavery to Freedom by John Eyewitness:Hope Franklin The Negro in American History by WilliamKatz. RALPHBLANCHE JOHNSON K. BRUCE BUNCHE (1841-1897)1 (1904- (Also listed in CIVIL...WAR AND RECONSTRUCTION) ) 6. . HistoricalGreat Negroes Past and Present by Russell L. Adams Negro Biographies by Wilhelmina S. AffairsUnitedInternationally Nations known Under-Secretary statesman for Special Political The Negro Almanac by Harry A. Pioski and RoscoeandBrown, C.History)Robinson Jr. (The international Library of Negro Life first NegroProfessor to win! of government the Nobel Peace at Harvard Prize from (1950) 1950-52 10. 9. The Negro inHandbook America by Larrythe editors Cuban of Ebony JohnsonPublishing Company, Inc., Chicago, 1966 Affairs,CoordinatorServedAwarded as Seniorthe of Spingarninformation Social Medal Analyst in African in 1949 for theand Office Far Eastern of the 13.12.11. A Pictorial HiStory of the Negro in AmericaThe Negro by Pilgrimage in Our History in America by Carter by Eric G. WoodsonLincolnCharles and H. Wesley Agreements"instrumentalServedU. N. mediator.as chief inassistant the Palestine to Count crisis Folke Bernadotte, in negotiating the "Four Armistice 14. The Story of the Negro by Ama Bontemps Langston Hughes and Milton Meltzer

, LAW AND POLITICS (continued) emosimonmamammasmy RALPH jOHNSON BUNCHE (continued) CULTURAL DEVELOPMENTSEVENTSPERSONALITIES Teachers' ReferencesSUGGESTED (continued) RESOURCES authorDid(See field ofreferences work An American with 1, Swedish 3, 5-13,Dilemma sociologist17-20, and 26.)Gunnar Myrdal, 15.and(The may following be suitable books for are the above teachers' the sixth-gradereferences.) readingThe Brotherhoodlevel of Sleeping Car Porters by Brailsford (1923- Teacher ) 17.16. A Junior History of the American Negro, Volume/ Have Two: A Dream by Emma G. Sterne R. Brazeal f MemberRepresentativesFirst of the New York State Assembly black woman to be elected to House of 18. The Negro in America by Earl Spangler Goodman.The Civil War Is The Civil Rights War by Morris C. WonCommittee(See fight referenCes for appointment 1, 21, and to 22.) the House Agricultural 20.Ra/ph19. J. Negroes Who Helped Build .4merica by MadelineStratton Bunche: Fighter for Peace by J. Alvin , JR. (1929- Member of Congress representing Michigan. ) 22.21. Shirley Chitholm by Susan Bro.vvnmiller The Story of the American Negro by Earl S. MiersKugelmass DepartmentRefereeFirst Negro to serve on the House Judiciary Committee for the Michigan Women's Compensation 23.24. ThurgoodTime of Trial, Marshall: Time of Fighter Hope: forThe Justice Negro by in LewisAmerica,1919-1941 H. by Milton Meltzer and August Meier programCosponsorMemberRights Underof theof the Law,National' Johnson appointed Lawyers administration's by President Committee Kennedy Medicare for Civil Fenderson Children's Books (See references 1-3, 8-10, and 18.) 26.25. PictureAdam Clayton Life of RalphPowell J. and Bunche the Politics by Margaret of Race B. by Young Neil (GradesHickey and K-3) Ed Edwin (Grades 4-6)

Nam 1.1 IIII Mi 11111VP-111.1111111 111101 1 1 11.111111 1111111111111111 Mil .1111111 MI III 11111.11=111111111 1111-11 CULTURAL DEVELOPMENTSEVENT'SPERSONAL !TIES LAW AND POLITICS (continued) SUGGESTED' RESOURCES BENJAMIN 0. DAVIS, JR. (1912- As Major General in Air Force, ) was highest ranking Afro-American History and Culture', General References Publication No. 333, St., Kentucky)FirstNegro Negro ever to to serve command in the armed forces an air base (Godman Field in BibliographyThe American of Negro: Books A and Chronology Educational Media RelatedPaul Public Schools, St Paul, Minnesota, 1968 by Irving J. Sloan to TransportationCivilRecently appointed by President Nixon Aviation Security for the Department as Director of of Chronology and Fact Book of the Amerkan NegroNegro Instruction,by Irving Cu/tyre Miami, by Florida, 1969 Dade County Board of Public . BENJAMIN 0. DAVIS, SR. (1877-1970) (SeeFirst references Negro to 1, hold 2, 4-14, the andrank 17-19.) of brigadier general in the TheFamous First Negro Book Heroesof American of America Negroes J. Sloan, by Langston Hughes by Margaret a. Young WilberforceUnitedInstituteFormer States professor UniversityArmy of inmilitary Ohio and science later atand Tuskegee tactics at GreatForever American Free: The Story of the Emancipation Proclamationby Dorothy Sterling Negroes by Ben Richardson ArmyAppointedRetired in 1947 from Special the armed Assistant services to inthe 1948 Secretary of the In TheTheir Heritage' Words: and A. Contributions History of the of theAmerican Negro AmericanVolumes,Denver Public 1619-1865, Schools, 1..5-1916,Denver Colorado, 1916-1966, 1969 editedNegro, by by 3 WILLIAM L. DAWSON (1886- United(See references States Congressman 1, 2, 5-12, 14, 17, and 18.) ) A. Layman's Guide to Negro History by Milton Melt& Erwin A. SOk Member(HOuseFirst Negro of Committee the chairmanHouse onof GovernmentRepresentatives of a Congressional Operations) since Committee1943 NegroThe History Negro and American Culture, by Instruction,Cohen Miami, Florida, 1969 Rayford W. Logan and IrvingDade S. County Board of Public 83 LAW AND POLITICS , (continued) 1 CULTURAL DEVELOPMENTSEVENTSPERSONALITIES ..._.. I SUGGESTED RESOURCES 1

, WILLIAM L DAWSON (continued) 1 1 General References (continued) 1 Chicagocrossed City party 'Council lines as and both served Republican as a member of the and Democrat 1 The Negro in American History, Board of Education, New (See references 1-3, 5-11, 13, and 18.) York New York, 1964 I CHARLES C. DIGGS, JR. (1922- MichiganDemocratic congressman from ) the 13th district of NegroesThe inNegro Public in AffairsAmerican and DistrictBulletin of for Columbia, Secondary Washington, History (A Curriculum Schools, Public SchoolsGovernment of D. C.) (Negro Heritage Resource the 1 1 Library) Educational Heritage, Inc. Member of the Michigan Senate from the 3rd district 1 The Negro serving four sestions from 1951 to 1954 1 Vanguard by Richard Bardolph (SeeStatesFirst referencesNegro Congress in Michigan1-3 and 7-11.) to be elected to the United TenderThe Peaceable Warriors Revolution by Dorothy Sterling by Betty Schecter 1 PATRICIA ROBERTS 'HARRIS beforeExecutive going director into politics for Delta Sigma Theta(1924 Sorority ) , Together in America: The Nation by Johanna Johnston Story of Two Races and One Member of Phi Beta Kappa , Lawyer and teacher 1 CivilCochairmanFirst Rights Negro under ofto the President National serve as a U. S. ambassador John F. Kennedy Women's Committee on presidencySecondedAn alternate theof thedelegatenomination United to the United Nations in 1966 States of Lyndon Johnson for the 1 CULTURAL DEVELOPMENTSEVENTSPERSONALITIES LAW AND POLITICS (continued) SUGGESTED RESOURCES PATRICIA ROBERTS HARRIS (continued) (SeeServed references as Dean 1,of 3,Harvard 4, 8-10, University's 13, and 18.) Law School Notes (continued) WILLIAM HENRY HASTIE (1904,- JudgeAppeals of the United States Third Circuit Court of ) CivilianFranklinDean ofaide HowardD. inRoosevelt the University War Department Law School under President fromAppointedFederal 1946-49 district to serve judge as for governor the Virgin of Islands the Virgin Islands RICHARD G. HATCHER (1933- (See !references 1-9, 11, 13, and 16-18.) 1 MemberinInstrumental Gary of Gary in the City establishment Council of open housing law campaignFirstHumphreyReceived Negro for mayor and Senator elected in Robert Gary, Indiana F. Kennedy in his assistance from Vice-President Hubert JOHN JONES (18164879) (Also(See listed !references in BUSINESS) 1 and 13.) LAW AND POLITICS (continued) jOHN R. LYNCH (1847-1939) CULTURAL DEVELOPMENTSEVENTSPERSONALMES SUGGESTED RESOURCES Notes (continued) (1908- (Also(Also listed listed in inCIVIL CIVEL RIGHTS) WAR AND RECONSTRUCTION) ) DirectorUnited States of the SolicitorSupreme Legal Defense General Court justiceFund of the NAACP (SeeAppointed1962 references by President judge 1-3, of 5-10,John the Second12,F. Kennedy 13, 16, Court 18, and of Appeals24.) in CONSTANCE BAKER MOTLEY (1921- (Also listed in CIVIL RIGHTS) 1 AdvancementLegalFederal assistant judge of Colored for the PeopleNational (NAACP) Association for the ServedBecameFund as from associate known 1948-1965 through counsel Iher of thedefense NAACP of LegalJames Defense Meredith againstElected the topresident University the New of ofYork the 'Mississippi BoroughSenate in of 1964 in 1965 SouthernAppointed(See referencesDistrict judge of of 1,the the 3, State 7-9, Federal and of New 11-13.) Circuit York Courtin 1966 of the LAW AND POLITICS (continued) ISAAC MYERS (1835-1891) CULTURAL DEVELOPMENTSEVENTSPERSONALITIES SUGGESTED RESOURCES Notes (continued) PioneerShipyard(Also listed in owner organized in BUSINESS) labor OpenedSpecial1870 agent-at-largea shipyard to employ for the Postonly NegroesOffice Department in *Organized AssociationPublished1882 the in 1888 weekly newspaper Colored Citizen in the Maryland Colored State Indust ial the(Seeinstrumental African references Methodist in orginizing3, 7, Episcopal and 13.) a home Church for aged ministers of JAMES B. PARSONS (1911- JohnUnited F. StatesKennedy District judge appointed by President ) ServedforAssistantoffice two years nine corporation years with counsel the United for the States City ofAttorney's Chicago CertificatePresented(See references ofwith Appreciation 1-3, 6, 8, 9, 11, and 12.) the first Selective Service System. 87 LAW AND POLITICS (continued) PINKNEY B. S. PINCHBACK (1837-1920) CULTURAL DEVELOPMENTSEVENTSPERSONALITIES SUGGESTED RESOURCES Notes (continued) ADAM CLAYTON POWELL, JR. (1908- (Also listed in CIVIL RIGHTSWAR AND and RECONSTRUCTION) RELIGION) ) ChairmanCongressmen,First Negro of the clergyman elected Harlem toCoordinating serve on theCommittee Council 1 CityPastorMember1944 of of the the Abyssinian House of BaptistRepresentatives; Church in Newelected York in OfferedinIntroduced Washington, the billsfirst D. billto C. endto integrate Jim Crow the travel armed discrimination services EducationServed(See references and Labor 1-3, 6-11, 13, 18, and 251 as Chairman of the House Committee on PHILIP RANDOLPH (1889- (AlsoLabor listed leader in CIVIL RIGHTS) ) I OrganizedFormer1925 vice-president the Brotherhood of the AFL-CIOof Sleeping Car Porters in CULTURAL DEVELOPMENTSEVENTSPERSONALITIES LAW AND POLITICS (continued) SUGGESTED RESOURCES PHILIP RANDOLPH Prime organizer (continued) Notes (continued) 1 ArmedLeadermovement Forces of theduring Committee World War II of the "March against Discrimination in the on Washington" CivilHonorarydemonstrating OrganizedRights inChairman 1966 the for youththe of the march passage of the Civil Rights Bill White House Conference on Washington in 1963, on CARL T. ROWAN (1925- (See references 1-13, 5-18, and 23.) ) 11 JournalistOne(Also of the listed first in Negro LITERATURE) officers in the United States Navy 1 AgencyServedHeld post (USIA)as directorof U. S. Ambassador of the United States Informationto Finland ROBERT SMALLS (1839-1915) (Also(See listed references in CIVIL 1-4, 7-13, WAR AND RECONSTRUCTION) and 18.) 1 89 CULTURAL DEVE LOPM ENTS LAW AND POLITICS (continued) Amismommour CARL B. STOKES (1927- EVENTSPERSONALIT1ES ) SUGGESTED RESOURCES Notes (continued) LawyerCleveland,First Negro Ohio elected mayor of a large American city, (SeeMember references of the Ohio 8 and state 13.) legislature WI LLARD SAXBY TOWNSEND 1 FirstLabor Negro leader vice-president in organized(18961957) labor 1 UnionOrganizedCuba,InternationaI Mexico, the representativeUnited Japan, and TransportGermany Service Employees at labor conferences in 1 UnionsMemberGOrganized uard of committee a Cincinnati of the company for the Ohio National World Federation of Trade Unions'AttendedDiscriminationMember conference the International of the at Berlin in 1952 CIO Committee Confederation of Free Trade to Abolish Qn CULTURAL DEVELOPMENTSEVENTSPERSONAL1TIES LAW AND POLITICS (continued) SUGGESTED RESOURCES WILLARD SAXBY! TOWNSEND' (continued) Wrote a handbook entitled Trade Union Practices and Notes (continued) ProblemsCongressAmerican'Elected of Federation Industrial Organizations of Labor (AFL) (CIO) merged in 1955. with the to the joint executive council when the ROBERT C. WEAVER (1907- First(See referencesNegro appointed 3, 7, and to 0.)! a President's cabinet ) AdvisorMemberUrbanFirst Development Secretaryinof thePresident Department of Roosevelt's the Department of the "Blackinterior Cabinet"of Housing and . ChiefAdministrationConsultant of the in Negro the Housing Employment Division and ofTraining the Public Branch! Works of ProfessortheDirector Labor ofDivision of Economics the Negro of the atManpower WarNorth Production Carolina Commission ABoard & T College, JohnConsultantDirectorin GreensboroHay Whitney of tothe the Opportunity Foundation Ford Foundation Fellowship Program of the 91 CULTURAL DEVELOPMENTSEVENTSPERSONALITIES LAW AND POLITICS (continued) SUGGESTED RESOURCES 1 ROBERT C. WEAVER (continued) communitiesfocusDirected on major federal creating better government programs which housing and improved Notes (continued) 1 (SeePublished references four books 1-3, 5, 7-13, 17, and 18J I

I

1

,1 F1 ii BIBLIOGRAPHYTeachers! Books Aaron,usedListed in Henry,developing are the teachers'the units. books and general references included in the SUGGESTED RESOURCES, plus additional books that may be "Aaron, R. F.". Cleveland: World Publishing Co., 1968. Adams,Association Russell for L. the Study of Negro Life and History.Life and History, 1915. Great Negroes Past and Present. Chicago: Afro-Am Publishing Co., 1963.Negro History Bulletin. Washington, D. C,: Association for the S udy of Negro Baldwin, James, GoingBlues for to MeetMr. Charlie. the Man. Another Country. New York: Dial Press, 1964.New York: Dial Press, 1965. New York: Dell Publishing Co., 1962. Bardolph, Richard. . Go Tell lt on the Mountain. The Negro Vanguard. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston,New York: 1959. Dial Press, 1963. Bennett,Bates,Barrett, Daisy. William Lerone, E. Jr. The Long Shadow of Little Rock. Lilies of the Field.Before the Mayflomr A History of the Negro in America. New York: Doubleday & Co., 1962. New York: David McKay Co., 1962. Chicago: Johnson Publishing Co., 1964. Bergman, Peter M., and Bergman, Mort N. . 1969. 14That Manner of Maw A Biography of Martin Luther King, The Chronological History of the Negro in America. Jr. Chicago: Johnson Publishing Co., 1964. New York: Harper & Row Publishers, 93 BIBLIOGRAPHY Bontemps, Arm. Famous Negro Athletes. New York: Dodd, Mead & Co., 1964. Teachers' Books icontinuedi Brewer,Brazeal, Mason,. Brailsford American R. The Negro Brotherhood Folklore. ofChicago: Sleeping Quadrangle ,Car Porters. Books,ed. 1968.York: American Harper &Heritage. Row Publishers,. San Francisco: 1964. 'Century Schoolbook Press, 1965. Brownmilier,BritannicaBroderick, Junior Susan,.Francis; Encyclopedia. Shirley and Meier, Chisholm. All August. volumes, Garden Negro 1969 City, Protest ed. N.Y.,: Thought Doubleday in the & Twentieth Co., 1970. Century. Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill Co., 1966. Campanella,Buckmaster,Buckler, Helen. Roy. Henrietta, Daniel It's Good HaleWomen To Williams: Be Who Alive, ShapedNegro Boston: Surgeon. HiStory. Little, NewBrown York: & Co., MacmillanPitman 1959. Publishing Co., 1965. Corp., 1968. Compton'sChristmas, Encyclopedia.Walter, ed. Negroes All volumes, in Public 1969 Affairs ed. and1966. Government. Negro Heritage Library. Yonkers, N.Y.,: Educational Heritage, Dade County Public -Schools, A Bibliography ofSchool Books Board, andNegro Educational 1969. HiStory andMedia Culture, Bulletin 9K, Miami: Dade County School Board, 1969. Related to Negro Culture. Miami: Dade County Dannett,Da Silva, Sylvia Benjamin, G., ed. etProfiles al. The of Afro-American Negro Womanhood: in United. 1619-1900. States History.The Yonkers, Great American N.Y.: Cowboy. Miami: Dade County School Board, 1969. New York: Globe Book Co., 1969. Educational Heritage, 1964. 94 Teachers' Books (continued) BIBLIOGRAPHY Davis, JohnSammy, P., ed. Jr., with Jane and Bart Boyar. The American Negro Reference Book. Yes, I Can: The Story of Sammy Davis, Jr. Englewood Cliffs, NJ.: Prentice-Hall, 1966. New York: Farrar, Straus & G iroux, 1965. Dobler,Denver Lavinia, Public and Toppin, Edgar A. Doubleday & Co., 1966. Schools. The Heritage and Contributions of the Negro American, Pioneers and Patriots: The Lives of Six Negroes of The Revolutionary Era. Denver: Denver Public Schools, 1969. New York: Dunham,,DuBois, W. Katherine. E. B. Black Reconstruction in America.A Touch of Innocence. New York: Harcourt, Brace & World, 1959. Cleveland: Meridian Books, 1964. EncyclopediaEinstein,Ebony Magazine 'Charles. Britannic& Staff Editors. Willie Mays: Coast to Coast All volumes, 1967 ed. The Negro Handbook. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1963. Chicago: Johnson Publishing Co., 1966. Hano,Garvey,Fenderson, Arnold. Amy Jacques. Lewis H. Willie Mays. New Thurgood Marshall,Garvey Fighter and .for Justice. York: Tempo, Grosset & Dunlap, n.d. Kingston, Jamaica: Amy J. Garvey, 1963. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1969. Heard,Hardwick,Hansberry, J. Norman. Richard. Lorraine. Charles RichardA Raisin Drew: in the Pioneer Sun. in Blood Research. New York: Random House, 1959. York: John Day Co., 1969. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1967. Holiday,Helm, MacKinley. Billie, with Angel Dufty, Mo' William. The Black Frontiersmen. New and Her Son, Roland Hayes. Lady Day Sings the Blum Boston: Little, Brown & Co., 1942. New York: Doubleday & Co., 1956. 95 Teachers' Books (continued) BIBLIOGRAPHY Hughes, Langston. Famous Negro Heroes of America. New NAACP. York: Dodd, Mead & Co., 1958. . SelectedPoetryFight of forPoems the Freedom: Negro. of Langston The Story Hughes, of the New York: Doubleday & Co., 1949. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1959. New York: W. W. Norton & Co., 1962.. Hughes,Hughes Langston, Langston, and and Bontemps, Meltzer, Milton. Publishers, 1967. Ama. Black Magi&Book A of Pictorial Negro Folklore.History New York: Dodd, Mead & Co., 1958. of the Negro in American Entertainment. New York: Crown Johnson,Hurston, ZaraJames Neale. W. and Rosamond. Dust Tracks on a Road: Books of American Negro Spirituals. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott Co., New York: Viking Press, 1954, 1942. Klein,Jones,Johnston, Larry.LeRai. Ruby Funchess. Black Music. The DevelopmentNew York: William of Negro Morrow Religion.& Co., 1968. New York: Philosophical Library 1954. Lewis, Claude. Cassius Clay. slim Brown: TheBenjamin Running Back. Banneker The Man New York: Macfadden Bartell WhoNew Saved York: Washington. G. P. Putnam's Sons, Corp., 1965., New York: McGraw-Hill Book 1965. Co., 1970. Logan,Lincoln, Rayford Eric C. W., and Cohen, Miffk Co., 1967. Negro Pilgrimage in America. Irving. American Negro: Old World Background New York:. Frederick A. ,Praeger, 1969. and New World Experience. New York: !Houghton Meltzer,Malone, Mary.Milton, and Meier, n.d. Actor in Exile: The Life of Ira August. Time of Trial, Time of Hope: Aldridge. New York: Crowell Collier The Negro in America, 1919-1941. & Macmillan, 1969. New York: Doubleday & Co., 96 BIBLIOGRAPHY Miers, Earl S. Black Americans, Teachers' Books (continued) Myrus, Donald. Ballads, Blues . The Story of the American Negro. New York: and the Big Beat. New York: Grosset & Grosset & Dunlap,Dunlap, 1965. n.d. Macmillan Co 1966. NewNathan, York, Dorothy. City of, BoardGo South 1964. of Education.To TheSorrow. Negro New York: Random House,in American 1957. History. New York: Board of Education Paige,Owens, Satchel Jesse, Maybewith Neirnark, Pitch Forever. New York: Paul G. The Jesse Owens Story. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1970. of the City of New York, Petry,Peterson, Ann. Robert. Harriet Only Tubman: the Ball Was White. EnglewoodConductor on the Underground Doubleday & Co., 1962. Cliffs, N. J.: Prentice-Hall, Railway. New York: Thomas 1970. Ploski,Robinson, Harry Jackie, A., and and Brown, Rowan, Roscoe C., Jr.Carl The T. NegroWait Till Next Year. Almanac. New York: Bellwether New York: Random House, 1960.Publishing Co., 1967. Y. Crowell Co., 1955. Romero,Robinson, Patricia Wilhelmina W., and S. Wesley, Co., 1969. Historical Negro Biographies, Charles. Negro Americans in The international Library the Civil War. The of Negro Life and History. New York: Publishers Schecter,Salk, Erwin Betty. A. The Layman's Peaceable Guide New York: Publishers Co., to Negro1969. History. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1967. International Library of Negro Life and History. Shapiro, Milton J. Jackie The Willie Mays Story. New Robinson of the Brooklyn Revolution. New York: HoughtonYork: Julian Messner Dodgers. New York: Julian Publications, 1960. Mifflin Co., 1963. Messner Publications, 1966. 97 Teachers' Books (continued) BIBLIOGRAPHY Sterling,Sloan, Dorothy.irving J. The Forever American Free: Negro:The Story . Chronology and Fact Book of the American Negro. Dobbs Ferry: Oceana A Chronology. Dobbs Terry: Oceana of the Emancipation Proclamation. Publications, 1965. Publications, 1968. Sterling, Dorothy, and Quarles, Benjamin. Tender Warriors. New York: McGraw-Hill Lift Every Voice: The Lives of BookerBook Co., 1958. New York: Doubleday & Co., 1963. T. Washington, W. E. B. DuBois, St.Sterne, Paul Emma Public G.Schools. / Have Afro-Americana Dream. New Ferrell and James Weldon Johnson. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1965. York: Doubleday & Co., 1965. Mary Church Stratton, Madeline. Negroes Who Helped George, The Cassius Clay Story. New History and Culture.Build St. America. Paul: St. Boston: Paul Ginn & Co., 1965.Board of Education, 1968. Terkel,Swift, Hildegarde. Louis. Giants Railroad of Jazz. New to Freedom. New York: Harcourt, York: Thomas Y. Crowell Co., York: Fleet Press Corp., 1964. Brace & World, 1932. 1957. Woodson,Wesley,Waters, Ethel,Charles Carter with H.G., Samuels,In and Freedom's Wesley, Charles. His Footsteps. The International Library Eye Is on the Sparrow. New York: of Negro Life and History. New Doubleday & Co., 1951. York: Publishers Co., 1968. Young, Margaret B. Black American . First Book of American Negroes. New York: Franklin Charles H. The Negro in Our History.Leaders. New York: Franklin Watts, Watts, 1967. Washington, D. C.: Associated1969. Publishers, 1962. 98 BIBLIOGRAPHY (continued) Children's Books Armstrong,Arkin,Listed David. are Louis. children's books that may be used in the development of units. Black and White. Satchmo: My Life in New Orleans. : Ward R itchie Press, 1966. (Grades 2-7) Englewood Cliffs, N. J.: Prentice-Hall, 1954. (Grades 5 and up) Bell,Bates,Bardolph, Joseph Daisy. Richard. N. The Long Shadow Olympicof Little Rock.Thrills. The Negro Vanguard. New York: Julian Messner, 1965. (Grades 7 and up) New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1959. (Grades 6 and up)New York: David McKay Co., 1962. (Grades 7 and up) Bertol,Bennett, Roland. Lerone, Jr. and up) Charles Drew. Before the Mayflower: A History of the Negro in America. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell Co., 1970. (Grades 3-51 Chicago: Johnson Publishing Co.,. 1966. (Grades 7 Bontemps,Blassingame,Bishop, Curtis Ama, Wyatt. Kent. Frederick Douglass: Slave, Fighter,Jake Gaither,Little Freeman. League Winning Heroes. Coach. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott Co., 1960. (Grades 3-7) Champaign, Illinois: Garrard Publishing' Co., 1969. (Grade 4) New York; Alfred A. Knopf, 1959. (Grades 5-9) , OneGolden Hundred Slippers: Years of Negro Freedom. Arl Anthology of Negro Poetry. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1962. (Grades 6 and up) New York: Dodd, Mead & Co., 1961. (Grades 6 and up) New York: Harper & Row Publishers, 1941, (Ail grades) Bradford, Sarah.Perry. The Story of the Negro. BornHarriet with Tubman: the Blues. The Moses of Her People. New York: Oak Publications, 1965. (Grades 7 and up) Magnolia, Mass.: Peter Smith Publisher, n.d, (Grades 6-9) Brooks,Brandenberg, Gwendolyn. Aliki. (Grades K-3) BronzevilleA Weed IsBoys a Flower: and Girls. The Life of George Washington Carver. New York: Harper & Row Publishers, 1956. (Grades 3 and up) Englewood Cliffs, N. J.: Prentice-Hall, 1966, BIBLIOGRAPHY Brown, Jimmy, with Cope, Myron. Off My Chest, New York: Children's Books (continued) Doubleday & Co., 1965. (Grades 5-8) Buckmaster,Buckler, Helen. Henrietta. "Dr. Dan". Flight Open (Grades 7 and up) to Freedom: The Highways,Story of the Book 4. Glenview, Underground Railroad. New York:Scott, Foresman & Co., 1965. (Grade 4) Thomas Y. 'Crowell, Co., 1958. Clark,Carruth,Burt, Olive Charlotte Ella W. K. Negroes She R. Black Wanted in theCowboy: toEarly Read: West.The The Story of Man, McLeod New York: Julian Messner, 1969. Bethune. Nashville: Abingdon (Grades 4-6) Press, 1966. (Grades 2-4) Coy,Clayton, Harold. Edward The J.Real Martha Book Luther About George Washington Carver. King: The Peaceful Warnor. Story of Nat Love. Eau Claire, Englewood Cliffs, N. J.: Prentice-Hall, Wis.: E. M. Hale and Co., 1970. 1964. (Grades (Grades4-6) 4-6) Culver,Cuban, Eloise. Larry. Great The NegroAmerican in America. Chicago: Scott, ForesmanNegroes in Verse. Washington, D. C.: AssociatedNew Publishers, &York: Co., Doubleday1964. (Grades and 6 Co., and up) n.d. (Grades K-6) 1951. (Grades 3-7) Derricotte,de Kay, James Elise T. P Meet Martin . Word Pictures of Great Negroes. Luther King, Jr. New York: Washington, D. C.: Associated Random House, 1969. (Grades 4-6) Publishers, 1941. (Grades 2-4) Douglass, MarjoryFrederick. Stoneman. Life and Freedom (Grades 6-8) Times of Frederick Douglass. River, Florida, 1845. New York: Edited by Barbara Ritchie. Charles Scribner's Sons, 1953. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell (Grades 6-8) Co., 1966. Drisko,Douty, Esther Carol, M.and Under Toppin, the York: Doubleday & Co., EdgarNew A. TheRoof: Unfinished Five Patriots1967. of (Grades 4-6) March: The Negro inthe Young Republic. New the United States, York: Rand McNally & Reconstruction to World War Co., 1965. (Grades 4-6) I. New 100 Children's Books (continued) BIBLIOGRAPHY Dunbar, Paul Lawrence. . Little Brown Baby. Complete PoemsNew of Paul York: Lawrence Dodd, Mead Dunbar. & Co., 1940. (All grades) New York: Dodd, Mead & Co., 1913. Durham,Eaton, Jeanette.Philip, and Jones, Everett L. up) Trumpeter's Tale: The Stony of Young Louis Armstrong. New York: The Adventures of the Negro Cowboys. New York: Dodd, Mead & Co., 1966. (Grades 6-8) William Morrow & Co., 1955. (Grades 7 and Foner,Felton, PhilipHarold S. W. Jim . Nat Love.- Negro Cowboy. Frederick Douglas& New Beckwourth: Negro Mountain New York: Dodd, Mead & Co., 1969. (Grades 6 and up) York: Citadel Press, 1964. (Grades 7 and up) Man. New York: Dodd, Mead & Co., 1966. (Grades 7 and up) Franklin,Franco, John John M., Hope. et al. From up) Afro-American Contributors to American Life. Slavery to Freedom: A History of Negro Americans. Westchester, Ill.: Benefic Press, 1969. (Grades 2-6) New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1968. (Grades 7 and Frazier, E. Franklin. . The Emancipation Proclamation. Black Bourgeoisie. New NewYork: York: Collier Doubleday Books, 1962. & Co., (Grades 1963. (Grades8 and up) 8 and up) Fuller, Edmund. A Star Pointed . The Negro in the United States. New York: MacmilitlnNew York: Co., Havcourt, 1957. (GradesBrace & World,8 and up) 1959. (Grades 6 and up) Gelman,Gammond, Steve. Peter, ed. Young Olympic Champions, Duke Ellington: His Life and Music. North. New York: W. W. Norton & Co., 1964. (Grades 3-9) New York: Roy Publishers, 1958. (Grades 5 and up) 101 Children's Books (continued) BIBLIOGRAPHY Gibson, Althea, with Fitzgerald, Ed. I Always Wantedup) To Be Somebody. New York: Harper & Row Publishers, 1958. (Grades 6 and Goodman,GHes, L. H., Morris and Holmes, C. A Junior L. F. Color History Me of Brown. the American Chicago:Com., 1969. Negro.4ohnson (Grades Volume Publishing 6 and One: up) Co., Discovery 1965. (Grades To the 4-6) Civil War. New York: Fleet Press Gould, Jearerhar Ddnbar Boy: The Story of America's(Grades Famous 6 and Negro Aup) Junior History of the American Negro. Volume Two: Civil War Poet New York: Dodd, Mead & Co., 1958.to (Grades Civil Rights 5 and War. up) New York: Fleet Press Corp., 1969. ra am, Shirley. Booker T.,Washington. NewJean York: Baptiste Julian Pointe Messner DuSable: Founder of Chkago. New York: Julian Messner Publications, 1949. Publications, 1955. (Grades 7 and up) (Grades 7 and up) ., StoryThere of Phyllis Once Wheatley, Wa$ a Slave: Poetess The ofHeroic the Story of Frederick American Revolution. New York: Archway Books, Douglass. New York: Julian Messner Publications, 1969. (Grades 5-6) 1947. (Grads 7 and up). Your Most Humble Servant: The Story of Benjamin Banneker. New York: Julian Messner Publications, 1949. (Grades 7 and Graves,Graham, Charles Shirley, P. and Frederick Lipscomb, Douglass. George New (Grades 6 and up) D. D. George WashingtonYork: G.Carver, P. Putnam's Scientist. Sons, 1970. (Grades New York: Julian Messner Publications, 1944. Hansberry,Handy, William Lorraine. C. Father The ofMovement the Blues. New York: SimonNew & Schuster, York: Macmillan 1964. (Grades Co., 1941. (Grades 6 7and and up) up) 7 and up) 102 Children's Books (continued) BIBLIOGRAPHY Hogeboom,Hickey, Neil, Amy. and Edwin, "Deadwood Ed. Adam Dick". Mountain Clayton Powell and the Politics of Races. Peaks. Singer/Random House Literature New York: Fleet Press Corp., 1965. Series, 1968. (Grade 6) (Grades 4-6) Hughes,Hopkins, Langston. Lee B. FamousImportant American Dates in Negroes. Afro-American Famous Negro Heroes of America. New New York: Dodd, 'Mead & Co., 1954. (Grades History. New York: Franklin Watts, 1969. 5 and up) (Grades 4-7) , Famous Negro Music Makers. New York: York: Dodd, MeadDodd, & Co., Mead 1958. & Co., (Grades 1955. 5(Grades 6-10) and up) )4=11 Hughes, Langston, and Meltzer, Milton. A and up) First Book of Jazz. New York: Franklin Pictorial History of the Negro in America.Watts, 1954. (Grades 4 and up) New York: Crown Publishers, 1963. (Grades 6 Jackson,Hurley, Jesse. jane, Anchor and Man.Haynes, New Doris York: McGee. HarperAfro-Americans, & Row Publishers, Then and 1947. Now. (Grades Westchester, 5-9) Benefic Press, 1969. (Grades 3-6)1 Johnston,Jackson, Jthanna. Paul Cuffee: America's . Call Me Charley. New York:Mahan& Harp!. Movin' On Up: The Mahalia & Row Publishers, 1945. (GradesJackson 5-9) Story. New York: Hawthorn Books, 1966. (Grades 7 and up) Katz, William L. Eyewitness: The Negro Together in America: The Story of Two in American History. New York: PitmanFirst Black Captain. New York: Dodd,Races and One Nation. New York: Dodd, Publishing Corp.,Mead 1967. & Co., (Grades 1970. 6(Grades and up) 4 and' up) Mead & Co. 1965. (Grades 5-8) BIBLIOGRAPHY King, Ann. "Benjamin's Clock". Ventures. The New Basic Readers Series, Children's Books (continued) Lewis,Kugelmass, Claude. J. Alvin.Cassius Ralph Ciay. J. New Bunche: York: Macfadden Bartell Corp. 1965. Fighter for Peace. New York: Julian (Grades 6 and up)Glenview, Messner Publications, 1952. (Grades Scott Foresmai, & Co., 1965. (Grade 6 and up) 4) Marshall,Louis, Joe. Herbert, My Life and Story. Stock, New Mildred. Ira Aldridge.York: New Due York: II, Sloan and Pearce, 1947. Macmillan Co., 1958. (Grades 7 (Grades 6 and up) and up) 161 McGovem,Mays, Willie. Ann. Born Runaway to Play Ba Slave: IL The New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons. Story of Harriet Tubman. New York: 1955. (Grades 5 and up) Four Winds Press, 1965. (Grades 3-4) 6 Meltzer,and up) Milton. In Their Own 1964. (GradesIn Their 6 and Own up) Words: A History of Words: A History of the American the American Negro. Vol. II, 1865-1916. Negro. Vol. I, 1619-1865. New New York: Thomas Y. Crowell York: Thomas Y. Crowell Co., Co., 1965. (Grades Millender, Dharathuia H. Crispus (Grades. 6 and up)In Their Own Words: A History Attucks: Boy of Valor, Indianapolis: of the American Negro. Vol. 111, 1916-1966. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell Co., 1967. Powell,Nathan, Adam Dorothy. Clayton, Women Jr. Marching of Blacks. Courage. New York: Random House, 1964. (Grades 5-8) Bobbs-Merrill Company, n.d. (Grades 3-7) Quarles,Proctor, SamuelBenjamin, D. The YoungNegro inNegro the Making in America, 1960-1980. New York: AssociationNewof America.York: Dial New Press, York: 1945. Collier (Grades Books, 7 and 1964. up) (Grades Press, 1966. (Grades 7 and up) 7 and up) Children's Books (continued) BIBLIOGRAPHY Robinson,Ripley,Richardson, Sheldon Jackie, Ben. and Duckett, Alfred. N.-MatthewGreat Henson: American Arctic Negroes. Hero. Breakthrough to the Big League.New York: Thomas Y. Crowell Co., 1956. (Grades 6 and up) New York: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1966. (Grades 5-7) New York: Harper & Row Publishers, 1965. (Grades 5 and Robinson, Ray.Jackie, with Smith, Wendell My up) Greatest World Series Thrillers. Own Story. New York: Random House, 1965. (Grades 4-7) New York: Greenberg, 1948. (Grades 5 and up) Rollins, Charlemae Hill, ed. "JeanFamous Baptiste American Pointe Negro DuSable". Poets. Christmas Gr. Chicago:New York: FollettWindyh Dodd, Publishing ills. Mead & Co., Co., 1963. 1965. (All (Grades grades) 7 and up) Singer/Random House Literature Series, 1968. (Grade 4) Rudeen,Rowan, Carl Kenneth. T. . They Showed the Way: Forty American Negro Leaders. South of Freedom. Wilt Chamberlain. New York: Alfred A. NewKnopf, York: 1952. Thomas (Grades Y. Crowell8 and up) Co., 1970. (Grades 4-6) New York: Thomas Y. Crowell Co., 1964. (Grades 5-8) Schraff,Schoor,Shaw, Gene, A.Arnold. E. BlackBelafonte.Willie Courage. Mays, Modest Champion. Philadelphia: Chilton Book Co., 1960. (GradesPhiladelphia, 6 and up) Pa.: Macrae Smith Co., 1969. (Grades 4-6) New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1960. (Grades 5-9) Sterling,Spangler,Smith, Ken. Dorothy. Earl. The Willie Mays Story. The Negro in America. Freedom Train: The Story of Harriet Tubman. New York: Greenberg, 1954.Minneapolis: (Grades 5 and Lerner up) Publications Co., 1968. (Grades 4-6) New York: Doubleday & Co., 1954. (Grades 8-12) 105 'Children's Books (continued) BIBLIOGRAPHY' Sterling,Sterne, Philip Emma R., G. and Blood Logan, Brothers: Rayford. Four Four Men Took of Science. Freedom. New New York: York: Alfred Doubleday A. Knopf, & Co.,1959. n.d. (Grades (Grades 5-8) 6-9) Stevenson, Janet.Augusta. Pioneers Booker in Freedom.T. Washington: Chicago, Ambitious Boy. Indianapolis:George Carver: Bobbs-Merrill Boy Scifentiit. Co., Indianapolis,1950. (Grades Indiana: 3-4) Bobbs-Merrill Co., n.d. (Grades 3-4) I IL: Reilly & Lee Co., 1969. (Grades 6 and up) Thorpe,Surge, Frank. Earl E.Singers The Mind of the of Blues. the Negro: Minneapolis: An intellectual Lerner(Grades Publications History 7 andof Afro-Americans, Company,up) n.d. (Grades 1619-1960. 6 and Baton up) Rouge: Ortlieb Press, 1961. Weil,Washington,Trent-Johns, Lisl. Things Antona.Booker That T.Play Go Up SongsBang. From Slavery.Newof the York: Deep New McGraw-Hill South. York: Washington: Doubleday Book Co., & Associated Co., 1969. 1933. (Grades Publishers, (Grades K-3) 7 1944.and up) (All grades) Whitney,Whiting,White, Anne HelenHelen T. A.GeorgeA. NegroNegro Washington Art,Art, Music,Music, andCarver:and Rhyme.Rhyme. The Story Washington,Washington, of a Great D. D. C.:American.C.: AssociatedAssociated New Publishers, Publishers,York: Random n.d. n.d. House, (Grades(Grades 1953. 2-3)K-3) (Grades 6-8) Woodson,Winders, Gertrude, Carter G., H. and Harriet Wesley, Tubman: Charles Freedom H. Negro Girl. Makersup) Indianapolis: of History. Bobbs-Merrill Washington Co., D. C.:n.d. Associated (Grades 4-6) Publishers, 1958. (Grades 7 and 106 ChildreWs Books (continued) BIBLIOGRAPHY Young,Yates, Elizabeth. A. Howard up) S. Great Negro Baseball Stars, and How They Made the Major Leagues. Thurman, Portrait of a Practical Dreamer. New York: John Day Co., 1964. (Grades 6 and up) New York: Barnes & Noble, 1953. (Grades 5 and Young, Margaret B. . Picture Life of Ralph J. Bunche. Picture Life of Martin Luther King, Jr. New York: Franklin Watts, 1968. (Grades K-3) New Yotk: Franklin Watts, 1968. (Grades K-3) The following list presents to the teacher various commercial materials concerning the Multimedia Kits Negro and sources from which they may be Afro-American.ordered. The list is not exhaustive Multimedia Kit No. M-26. Intermediate nor is it intended as a list of recommendations for kit: to Junior High. SVE. $127.00 (complete). purchase. BlackBlackThe Contributorsfollowing Folk Music materials toin AmericanAmerica. are included Culture. in this Picture-Display 'Portfolios. Science and 4 sound filmstrips (4 filmstrips, 2 4 Innovation Record Albums (8 records). Invention (No. 43-E); records). No. 682. $32.50. No. IR-105. $40.00. SlideGreat and Negroes. Guide Slidesets: JudicialAfricanand Religion (No. Dress'and 43-K). (No. Design(Each 43-G); set (No. Fighters contains SG-308). for 24 Freedom Discovering the Art of Africa (No. SG-28S); Treasures and Traditions (Each set contains 20 slides and a guide.)plastic-coated Each 2-color 11" X 14" prints and brief (No. 43-H); Champions for Business and Professions (No. 43-F); EducationHuman Rightsset $8,50. (No. 43-J); Government and of biographies.)African Art (No. Each SG-29S); set $4.95. 107 Multimedia Kits (continued) BIBLIOGRAPHY Negro History. Multimedia Dr,LeadingThe Martin following AmericanLuther materials King, Negroes. are included in this kit: Kit No. M-43.1. IntermediateJr. Color filmstrip, to Adult. 1 SVE.record. $91.00 No. 244-3R. (complete).Set of $8.50. 6 color filmstrips, 3 records, No. 242-SAR. $45.00. Picture-DiSplayGreatWord Negroes Portfolios:Past and Present. Achievement,Each setGames. $4.95. 1865-1915 6 games (No.to accompany 43-0). (Each filmstrips. set contains No. 242SAMG-6F/S. 24 plastic-coated $6.00. 2-color 11" X 14" prints and brief biographies.) Negroes in Our History (No.182-page 418); Modern book with Negro 150 Contributionsbiographies. No. (No. 43-A. 43-C); $6.95. Negroes of SAR Leading Amerkan Negroes. GreatThe American Revemnd Negroes. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. (19294969).$8.50. Filmstrip, 6 overhead transparencies.Multimedia No,. CIT-10S. Kit No. 242.$9.95. Intermediate to Adult. SVE. $39.75 (complete). record guide. Intermediate to Senior High. No. 244-3R. CZ' MaryTheRecords following McLeod for filmstripsfilmstrips:Bethune and(No. for No.records 242-1); 242-1 areGeorge and included No. Washington 242-2 in andthis (No.(No. No.kit: 242-IRCarver 242-4); 242-6 R(No. (No.Frederick ); for 242-2);242-3R No. A.242-3 Benjamin R).Douglass Each and No. record Banneker(No. 242-4 242-5); $4.00. (No. (No. Harriet 242-2R 242-3); Tubman R Robert ); for No.(No. Smalls 242-6). Each filmstrip with teacher's guide $6,50, 242-5 Source for 3 preceding kits: ChicagoSVESociety1345 Diversey Illinois for 60614VisualParkway Education, Inc. Black Americans in Government. Multimedia (IndividualEdwardKit includes Brooke, prices poster, Robert not workbook, available.) Weaver, color Shirley filmstrip, Chisholm, and Patriciarecording Harris, for each Thu ofrgood the Marshall.following: Kit. Buckingham Enterprises. $156.00 (complete). Source: Jamiaca,Buckingham160-08 NewJamaica Enterprises, York Avenue 1 1432 inc. BIBLIOGRAPHY (continued) series No. 65, Leaders ofFilmstrip and Record America. No. 65-H. Eye Gate House. $5.25. George Washington Carver, Source: Eye146-01 Gate HouseArcher Avenue The Plant Doctor. One of Jamaica, New York 11435 Photographs and Posters David C. Cook Publishing Co. (price not ilable). Black America Yesterday Source: 850David North C. Cook Grove Pub lifhing and Today. 20 pictures, Company 40-page resource book. The Black American AchievementElgin, Illinois Posters.60120 Posterbook portraying outstanding Negro persons and events. 'Hayes School Publishing Co. $3.00. Source: Wilkinsberg,Hayes &hod Pennsylvania Publishing 15221 Company

J. 109 BIBLIOGRAPHY (continued) Records Historicalcatalog(The followingnumber. Interpretation records of are Negro available Spirituals: from theLift DadeEvery LavaniaCounty Voice and PublicA. Franklin. Sing. Schools Recorded No. Audio-Vi 4-40654. Publications. ual Services. One The12-in, last 33 item 1/3 inrpm. each Narrated entry is by the Spirituals.Spirituals. RCA.RCA, Columbia. ThreeOne 104. 10,in.Two 78 12-in. 78 rpm. rpm. 78 No. No.rpm. 4-30050. 4-30019. No. 4-401212, (TheSpirituals:Spirituals. following recordsSongsRCA. One ofmay Children. 12-in. be purchased 78 RCA. rpm. OneNo. from 4-40319.10,in. record 78 stores.) rpm. No. 4-30103. BlessHe'sGreat Got ThisSpirituals the House Whole sung sung World by by Marian Mahalia in His Anderson. Hands Jackson. sung by Marian Anderson. BlessTuskegeeSpirituals This House sungInstitute sungby theChoir by Howard the Spirituals. Fisk University Jubilee Singers. Choir. NegroThe(The Negro following Folk People Music records ofin America.Africa may beand Heirloomordered America. from Records, Notes the respective by Songs Richard and record WatermanBallads. companies.) Brookhaven, and Harold N.Y. Courlander. Ethnic Folkways Library (FE 4500), Songs of the American Negro Slaves. Folkways Scholarship2 records. Record's. 906 Sylvan Avenue, Englewood Cliffs, 110 N. J., 07632. WHITE AMERICANS WHO CONTRIBUTED TO NEGRO ADVANCEMENT APPENDIX A JOHN BROWN (1800-1859) Abolitionist who helped slaves escape on the Underground Railroad PRUDENCE CRANDALL (1803-1890)*Organizer of slaveGained uprisings fame as a martyr for his raid on the federal arsenal at Harper's Ferry in Virginia WILLIAM LLOYD GARRISON (1805-1879)*Young QuakerAbolitionist teacher who admitted black girls to her school ELIJAH P. LOVEJOY (1802-1837)1*OrganizedEditor of the the newspaper American Anti-SlameryThe Liberator Society *Published*Minister Killed by who the a mob abolitionistpreached because against paper of his Theslavery belief Alton that Observer slavery was a sin HARRIET BEECHER STOWE (1811-1896) GainedAbolitionist world renown as author of Uncle Torn's Cabin, which was translated into thirty-six languages APPENDIX B Observation or Listening EXAMPLES OF SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES visit,otherthelistCommunity develop ofpertinentvisit, those the courteous Resources. who guestinformation. may may behavior, be Personsbe used The briefed and from in the as classroom resource personsstudents is endless. may be In prepared order for the discussadvance or on list the topics actiVities of special of the interest. class, community can make important contributions visitor through activities designed the purpose of the visit, the points to ensure that maximum benefit will be to the classroom instructional to identify the purpose of the to be stressed and any program. Thegained from interviews'isorganizationsThere an outstandingare several or make for legislators,local visits agencies that doctors, will both source of resource personnel. Members of which supply speakers: community etc.; and enhancelocal societies their public or service images organizations. and provide professional and collegiate athletic service agencies such as police and fire learning activities for the student.. The Officer Friendly Program in Dade teams are often willing to grant departments; professional County wellChronologicalResearch as informative Chart actiVity. or Time Line. The construction of a chronological chart or a, time line of Negro history may be an interesting as onbeeventsa the specific 'illustrated next in page,chronologicalevent by oralthough drawings, individual order. many to Bulresearch,. other letin board When paintings,Such a Chart or pictureswill enable of thethe student events may be represented!. space can be providedthe for research a chronological has been outlinecompleted, the event. A framework or grid for such to place related events in chronological class, with teacher guidance, should of athe display researched might material, be similar which to the order. Pupils may be assigned organize the mayone APPENDIX B Chronological Chart or Time Line (continued) EXAMPLES OF SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES (continued) VirginiabroughtTheAfrican (1619) slavesfirst to toVermont (1775)free slaves acts thetiontLincoln ionEmancipa- (1883)Proclama- signs theOrganization(1910) NAACP of ri4 1600 1700 free60,000A pproximately (1790) blacks 4:=1.1800 the(1861)Beginning Civil War of <7- 1900 "separatedeciSionSupreme against Court but cr Group Cooperation equal"(1954)in education policy describedstimulatequestions.Questioning below.questions A Sessions.skillful teacher from One both canof thethe reinforce mostcognitive important this and process affective skills at involved any points level in of withthe view. learningmany Techniques subjects. process forGroup is elicitingthat cooperation of forming questions pertinent, can from be structured children penetrating are to Arrangesamediscussiondesks. time, theIf the students' circlesthe class teacher whileis deskstoo maythe large in rest wisha for discussion of onethem the circle,class to comparecircle isperhaps involved one results layerthe in teacher another deep.before wouldIt activity.the is importantwhole prefer If severalclass. to that assign The differentdiscussion differentsmaller discussion circlesgroups groups contain differentcirclesmay also onlyare times choose operating one to layerhold different at theirof the conceptspenetratingItdecide onto question,a questionspertinent presenting subject in order from theirtois effect importanta resultslist developeda meaningful to thatthe classthe under learningproper later. teacher The settingexperience. teacherdirection. be providedmay Once suggest they for are thethis involvedtopic activity. for indiscussion The the processstudents or have of must asking the graspstudents pertinent the vital importance of asking Americansquestions, isthe that concept of slavery. chosen Questions for discussion that might can be beelicited introduced. from the For students example, concerning one concept this subject investigated could be by the the following: study of black 113 'EXAMPLES OF SUGGESTED APPENDIX B ACTIVITIES (continued) Questioning Sessions (continued) CanIs itone natural man "own"for a person to want freedom? Why did slavemost slaves owners want to have slawes? offeranother little resistance completelybody to their treatment? and mind? elementaryShould the teacherschool children How can being treated wish to discuss as propertywill pose affect questions answers at this point, the a man's feelings about himself? 5tudents may need help in rephrasing their questions. It is likely accuratefollows:historicalhigher "Whyresults'level situation thoughtdo in an andactivity you think slave owners mightprocesses. Thus, in orderone's for interpretation designed to formulate of it must be emphasized. that havehave no factualwanted to answers.thehave students to deal For example,answers,slaves?" theand Questions realisticallyit is desirable with these fourth question aboverestated in this 'question's, the distinction that students be manner can lead to might be rephrased directed toward between a more that as themRiddles.Group to the Cooperation Usedclass. to reinforce student learning', riddles provide motivation when students are allowed to comoose their I began at the ageWHO of AM three; I? own and present IA appearedwanted song and to beforedancebe. the , man WhoAnd am acted I? in movies (Answer: Sammy Davis, you've probablyQueen seen. Jr.) 114 EXAMPLES OF SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES (continued) APPENDIX B assignedRebus.Group Cooperation Picture topics tostories develop (continued) may together. also be For used example: to reinforce student learning. The teacher may write the rebus, or the students may be PROFESSIONAL E Z PLAYER IS ROOKIE 0000 OF + CAMETHE YEAR. THE 115 APPENDIX B Group Cooperation (continued) EXAMPLES OF SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES (continued) Planninginvolvementused to Clubs, elucidate in Studentsa learning the basic will process often whickhas concepts; being taught. Planning clubs become more involved in their become more directly responsive studies if thereforethey have serve some to stimulate motivation to the students' experiences and part in planning the topics interests.. and regenerate group or activities discussionmayGroupsOnce be the maycirclealloted teadher choose be an used. has established topics, Seeestablished organize time the to discuss Questioning Sessionsi themselves, and developsubject activities to be studied, she and choose activities for each can organize groups to plan activities to share with or present before the week. (For a large group, it is recommended that appropriate to that subject.class. The class as a whole a Appreciationexperiences.time,The planning the student clubs thus provide comes to value the learning opportunities for the student process more as he becomes to develop skills of communication more aware of his own role in initiating and organization. At the learning same attoexplainedteacher. Artisticthethis music time. (See Responseand Thenand BIBLIOGRAPHY.)the to studentsthe note to students Musical e,specially Stimulus. are given the art materials to be used (paper,are directed toBefore record the their selected impressions tapethe mood, of intenSity, variation, Representative forms of music which or record is played for the students, the entire overall effect, etc. A brief discussion pencil, chalk, paint, etc.). The pertain to the unit may be surveyed ofstudents the music are directedmay be initiatedto listenactivity and its purpose and selected by the are Shoe-BoxCreativerecord be Movies,.Experiences played whileMany the students are drawing. Students should be encouraged to discuss the music in an artistic and display their work. manner. It is suggested that the paper,Necessaryconstructing tape materials or the glue, shoe-box pencils, include theatre, paints opportunities forpaper group or cooperationcardboard box, two sticks (round anddrawing paint brushes, the pictures, writing the or crayons and scissors., are provided narration,by shoe-box or presenting movies. Students the movie. ones if possible) that are a little longer thanmay the participate box, craft in ThepicturesdrawingsTo construct students are are completed, doneshouldthe movie, practice the on separate pieces of children should draw picturesends ofshowing' the scroll and telling the movie paper, they will need to be taped together are attached to the sticks. The 'scroll and write an explanatory is then rolledor ornarrative attached statement to the roll below of craft each on the sticks and placed in the box. paper. When all drawing. If before they present it for their 11 A classmates. APPENDIX B Shoe-Box Movies (continued) EXAMPLES OF SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES (continued) Presentations SituationstowhoReaction make wishes dealingvalue Stories. to judgments,broaden with An humanopen-erided cross-cultural and relations the narrative group perceptionare profits especially can stimulatefrom in her effectivecontrasting classroom students' in revealing can interest make and and promote different conclusions and predicting the consequences of each. fruitful use of this activity. The studentsexploring are challenged various attitudes and emotions. A teacher involvement in the concept being examined. situation.Oncerelevant the Studentsclass operhended has mightbeen situation beintroduced instructed to tothe toa class. particularask thernseives Explain subject, to questions the the students teacher such may that as they are to choosethe tofollowing: stimulate How student do I involvementthink the characters by presenting feel? aWhat listen carefully and think critically about the them, present the narrative situationdomightThe I think underground read to willthe as happen?whole follows:. railroad class. Why is ando exampleI of a setting that could be used as think so? Once the students fully understand what is expected of background for reaction stories. The narrative in this case WhenwhisperedNoticing a granger the voices frightened came saying, to looksvisit "Rut the thison house allis ourthe onlyoneadults' chancenight, faces, Jesse, to theescape. childa child If decided we of to Hearing this, the child becamedon't very leave frightened tonight, and we won'tupset everabout make your it. age, We waswould told to go and play outside.listen. 'Crouched by the window, Jesse heard andhave began to go onthinking living aboutlike ti..5 what and had chance happened being to separated those who forever." had been caught 117 planning an escape or trying to escape.. . EXAMPLES OF SUGGESTED' ACTIVITIES (continued) APPENDIX B probablyTheReaction students be Storiesnecessary should (continued) be in orderencouraged to keep tothe react discussion to the relevant.situation' Great and predict possible conclusions. care must be taken that the point of view not become what the Direction from the teacher will childopento letin upthe new storystudents implications. should make do, the butFor decisions.rather example: what However, he mightWhat thedo. teacherAffectivemight happen should sensitivity to be change prepared should or strengthen-thebe to encouraged, elicit new pointsdecision of toview escape? for discussion and and the teacher must be careful to WhatIfif seemsnotthis Everyonefamily to be succeeds most wants important to in try escaping, to escape,to this how family? how do mightyou How think the will plansit it might affect be affect affected?their decision?other people in the same situation? Studentsdebates choosing! are two possible the same extensions ending ofmay such be presentations. groupedNaziMight together Gerrnany, this Situation to Easternpresent have Europe occurred today) in different historical settingS? (i.e., Pilgrims who a dramatization for the class. Comparisons or informal founded the Massachusetts Bay Colony,

1 fl INDEX. A Bunche,Burleigh, Ralph Harry Johnson T...... 13,15, 81,46, 8250 Abernathy,Aaron, Henry Ralph Louis David . . . .14,. 15, 60, 75 . . . . 14,13 67 54 Buth, George . . . .11, 12, 21, 34 Ali,Aldridge, Mohammed Ira F...... 14, 6760 Campanella, Roy ...... 14,. 68 Allen,Anderson, Richard MarianGertrude E. Fisher . ... 13,12, 491 34 Carver,Carmichael, George Stokely Washington ...... 12, . 14, 37,15 6376 Armstrong, Louis "Satchmo" . . . . 13, 45 Chamberlain, Wilton , ...... 14,, 68 Attucks, Crispus . . . 11, 21 Chisholm, Shirley...... 15, 82...... Conyers,Collins,. Janet John, Jr...... 13,,. . 54,14,.15, 558258 ...... r Cosby, Bill ...... 11, 24, 111 Baker,Baldwin,Bailey, Josephine Pearl James . . . . . 13, 14, 49, 54, 58 . . 13. 49 54 . . 12, 41 CuffeeCrandall, Paul Prudence ...... 11, 12, 22, 34 Barnett,Banneker, Ida Benjamin B. . . . 15,14, 7563 . . Barth&Beckwourth,Bates, Richmond Daisy GatsonJames ...... 1. . . 11,15,12, 213176 Davis, BenjaminSamy, Jr. O.,0., Jr.Sr. m 4', 50, 55, 58, 114 . . . . 15, 83 Belafonte, Harry . . . 13, 49, 50, 54 . . . 12, 37 Dawson, WillWilliam iam L. . 15,. 83,13, 8446 Bland,Bethune, James ThomasMary McLeod Greene ...... 13,. 45, 46 . 13, 45 Douglass,Diggs, Charles Frederick C., Jr...... 11,15, 2484 Bontemps, Arne 12, 41 Drew, Charles .. . . 12, 15, 37, 38,14, 7664 Brooke,Boyd, Richard Edward H., I II ...... 2, 14, 34,. 60 . . . 15, 81 Dunbar,DuBois, W.E.B.Paul Lawrence ...... 12, 4231 Bruce,Brown,Brooks, BlancheJames JohnGwendolyn Nathaniel K. 11 . . . 13, 14, 54, 67, 68 11, 15, 19, 81.11, 24, 111 12, 41 DuSable,Dunham,Duncanson, JeanKatherine Robert Baptiste ...... 11,14, 2258 119 INDEX (continued) EstevanicoEllington, Duke . . . . 11,13, 2146 Ikard, Bose 11, 27' . . Fields,Farmer, Mary James . . 15,. 76, 77 . Johnson,Jackson, Charles Mahalia S...... 12,13, 38 52 Franklin,Fisk Jubilee John Singers H...... 12, 138,11, 542 27 Johnson, JamesMordecai Weldon . . . , . . .12, 14:15, 43, 77 39: 66 91 Frazier, Edwards Franklin .. G . . . 12, 38 3' 0 Jones,Johnson, JohnLe ReferRoi . . . 12, 15, 35, 85 . . . 11 2 4 Julian, Percy . . . Garrison,Gaither, William Alonzo Lloyd "Jake" ...... 11, 24, 111 . . 14, 69 Just, Ernest E...... 14, 65 Gaston,.Garvey, Marcus Arthur G...... 12, 15, 34, 77 ...... 12, 34 King, Martin Luther, Jr. Glenn,Gibson, George Althea . . . . 11,14, 2769 14, 15, 61, 77, 78 Greenfield, Elizabeth Taylor H 13, 51 Lawrence, Jacob Theodore . . . . 1142: 6352 ID a Handy,Hall, Prince William' C...... 11, 23 Locke,Lewis, EdmoniaAlain L...... 12, 3932 Harris,Hansberry, Patricia Lorraine Roberts ...... 12, 42 13, 47 Louis,Love, NatJoe . . . 14,11, 7027 . Haste,Harrison, William Richard Henry G...... 15,. 84, 85 . 13,15, 56 85 Lynch,Lovejoy, John Elijah R. P. 1, .11,15, 19,25, 86111 Healy,Hayes,Hatcher, James Roland Richard Augustine G...... 13, 51 15, 85 Lawless, Henson, Josiah ...... , . . 14, 60 11, 24 Matzeliger,Marshall, Thurgood Jan 1, 5. 7148:1 8 666 Henson, Matthew ...... 14, 64 Home,Holiday, Lena Billie ...... 13,. 52, 56 . . 13, 51 McKissick,McDaniel,Mays, Willie HattieFloyd C. . . . 4, 70,. 115 . . 13, 56 Hughes, Langston . ... 15, 79 Hurston, Zora Neal . . . 12, 42, 43 12, 42 Morton,Merrick, JohnFerdinand "Jelly Roll" ...... 13,12, 4735 120 . INDEX (continued) Myers,Motley, Isaac Constance Baker . . . . 12, . 15, 35,79, 8786 Stokes,Still,Spaulding, William Carl Asa B. Grant F...... 12,13, 35 47 , ... . Supremes,Stowe, Harriet The Beecher 1, 25, 111 13,15 9053 Noble, Jeanne L . 12, 39 0 . Tanner, Henry Ossawa ...... 12, 32' Owens, Jesse 14, 70 Thurman,Thomas, Paul Howard ...... 12, 14, 44,14, 61 paige, Satchel ...... 14, 71 Townsend,Truth, Sojourner Willard Saxby ...... 15, 11,90, 262591 Payne,Parsons, Daniel James Alexander . . . . . 2, 14, . 15, 6187 Turner,Tubman, Henry Harriet McNeal 4, 62 Pickett, Bill . . . .11, . 15, 20, 11, 8828 ...... V . Pinchbeck, Pinkney Benton Stewart ...... 11, Poitier, Sidney ..... 13 56 57 Vassa, Gustavus ...... 23 Price,Powell, Leontyne Adam Clayton, Jr . . . 14 15 61 79. 13: 8852 , . WaShington,Walker, "Madame" Booker C. T.,i1 . 12, 15, 40,12, 7936 RRandolph, il I ieux, N A.orbert Phillip . . . . .15, . 79,. 88, . 12, 6689 Washington,Waters, Ethel George ...... 11, . 13,12, 53,23, 5736 Robinson,Robeson, Paul Bill "Bojangles" . . . 3, .14,13, 57,52, . 5957 Wheatley,Weaver, Robert Phyllis C. . 15, . 91,12, 4492 Robinson, Jackie"Sugar" Ray . . . . . 14,14, 7171 White, CharlesWalter Francis . . . . ,...... , . . 12,15, 7933 Rollins, Charlemae . . . . .12, 15, 44, 12, 4489 Williams,Wilkins, Roy Daniel Hale ...... 15, . 79,14, 6630 Ruggles,Rudolph,Rowan, Carl David Wilma T...... 14,. 71, . 11, 2572 Wright,Woods, RichardGranville Robert T, . . . . . 2, 12,14, 36, 4066 . . . 15, Smith,Smalls,Scarborough, Bessie Robert William . . 1,, 15, 20, . 13,12, 538940 Young, Whitney M. 80 121