Leoter-Muusiko-Kin Ю ISSN 0207 — 6535 8
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Vinüülplaadiümbrisedinüülplaadiümbrised 11970.–1980.970.–1980
KKUNST.EEUNST.EE GGRAAFILISERAAFILISE DDISAINIISAINI ERIERI EEestiesti vvinüülplaadiümbrisedinüülplaadiümbrised 11970.–1980.970.–1980. aaastatestastatest MMaileaile TaliTali Koostaja ja kujundaja: Maile Tali Fotod: Toomas Tali, erakogud Toimetaja: Andreas Trossek Korrektor: Riina Kasser Suur tänu: Virve Albri Helje Eelma Mai Einer Aili Ermel Villu Järmut Tõnu Kaalep Tõnis Kahu Enn Kärmas Ülle Meister Kalle Toompere Ülle Väli Eesti Rahvusraamatukogu Eesti Teatri- ja Muusikamuuseum Kõik õigused kaitstud © 2010 Kust küll kostab lärm? Sissejuhatus Põrand põrub all. Magada ei saa, kärtsub, mürtsub maa. Mis imelik masin see olla võiks, mis niisugust lärmi teha võiks? Jajaa, jajaa. Mikronid „Üks imelik masin”, 1986 Sõnad: Gunnar Graps Vinüülplaadiümbriseid võib vaadelda osana popkultuu- kasutati esialgu standardseid geomeetrilise mustriga rist, masstootmise produktina, infoallikana omaaegse plaadiümbriseid. Eesti esimese plaadikujunduse au kuu- muusika, moe ja trükitehnika kohta jne. Järgnevad lehe- lub Eesti Filmiarhiivi andmetel Marju Kuudi kümnetollisele küljed kuuluvad vinüülplaadiümbristele, mis on Eestis “Aastaajad – valimik estraadilaule” 1970. aastast. tehtud nõukogude perioodil 1970. ja 1980. aastatel. Muusikat või salvestatud sõna, mis on helisalvestamise Vinüülplaat sümboliseeris läänelikku nautlevat tarbimis- peamine eesmärk, käesolev vaatlus ei käsitle, vaid kes- ühiskonda, kuhu nõukogude inimene tahtis kuuluda. Siin kendub plaadiümbriste graafi lisele disainile. idealiseeriti ühiskondi teispool raudset eesriiet, usuti, et seal võisid -
EIKE VÄRK Näitleja Loomingulise Pikaealisuse Ja Mitmekülgsuse
DISSERTATIONES EIKE VÄRK EIKE DE STUDIIS DRAMatiCIS UNIVERSITATIS TARTUENSIS 1 Näitleja loomingulise pikaealisuse ja mitmekülgsuse fenomen Salme Reegi näitel Näitleja loomingulise pikaealisuse ja mitmekülgsuse fenomen EIKE VÄRK Näitleja loomingulise pikaealisuse ja mitmekülgsuse fenomen Salme Reegi näitel Tartu 2012 ISSN 2228–2548 ISBN 978–9949–32–167–4 DISSERTATIONES DE STUDIIS DRAMATICIS UNIVERSITATIS TARTUENSIS 1 DISSERTATIONES DE STUDIIS DRAMATICIS UNIVERSITATIS TARTUENSIS 1 EIKE VÄRK Näitleja loomingulise pikaealisuse ja mitmekülgsuse fenomen Salme Reegi näitel Väitekiri on lubatud kaitsmisele filosoofiadoktori kraadi taotlemiseks Tartu Ülikooli kultuuriteaduste ja kunstide instituudi nõukogu otsusega 19. september 2012. Juhendaja: dotsent Luule Epner Oponendid: EKA emeriitprofessor, dr Lea Tormis dr Katri Aaslav-Tepandi Kaitsmise aeg: 3. detsembril 2012, algusega kell 14.15 TÜ senati saalis ISSN 2228–2548 ISBN 978–9949–32–167–4 (trükis) ISBN 978–9949–32–168–1 (pdf) Autoriõigus: Eike Värk, 2012 Tartu Ülikooli Kirjastus www.tyk.ee Tellimus nr 542 SISUKORD EESSÕNA ..................................................................................................... 7 SISSEJUHATUS ............................................................................................ 8 1. NÄITLEJATÖÖ MUUTUVAS AEGRUUMIS VAHELDUVATE TEATRIVOOLUDE TAUSTAL ............................................................. 16 1.1. Näitleja osa teatriprotsessis ............................................................... 16 1.2. Realismi ja modernismi mõistest -
List of Films Considered the Best
Create account Log in Article Talk Read View source View history Search List of films considered the best From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Main page This list needs additional citations for verification. Please Contents help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Featured content Current events Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (November Random article 2008) Donate to Wikipedia Wikimedia Shop While there is no general agreement upon the greatest film, many publications and organizations have tried to determine the films considered the best. Each film listed here has been mentioned Interaction in a notable survey, whether a popular poll, or a poll among film reviewers. Many of these sources Help About Wikipedia focus on American films or were polls of English-speaking film-goers, but those considered the Community portal greatest within their respective countries are also included here. Many films are widely considered Recent changes among the best ever made, whether they appear at number one on each list or not. For example, Contact page many believe that Orson Welles' Citizen Kane is the best movie ever made, and it appears as #1 Tools on AFI's Best Movies list, whereas The Shawshank Redemption is #1 on the IMDB Top 250, whilst What links here Star Wars Episode V: The Empire Strikes Back is #1 on the Empire magazine's Top 301 List. Related changes None of the surveys that produced these citations should be viewed as a scientific measure of the Upload file Special pages film-watching world. Each may suffer the effects of vote stacking or skewed demographics. -
Vanemuine Buklett 148X210mm
The exhibition When the Stage Lights Came On... tells ... the multi-layered story of a theatre by displaying the folio of prints Wanemuine 100, which focuses on the beginning of the Vanemuine Theatre. The folio ties together two important moments in time: the birth of Estonian language theatre and the beginning of the 1970s, when the local theatre life was influenced by its Soviet environment but also by the begin- nings of the theatrical renewal. Inspired by these layers, the folio is the impetus and central exhibit of the present exhibition. The students of the Estonian Academy of Arts who curated the exhibition travelled from the world of art to the world of theatre and brought a small piece of Estonian theatre history to the museum. In all probability, the folio, which is part of the Tartu Art Museum’s collections, has never been exhibited. This allowed us to unravel the collages from the folio like detectives and to delve into their sources to bet- ter understand the backstory of the folio. As a result of the research, this playbill that you are reading contains most of the photos that form the basis of the collages. Archival materials tell a multifaceted story that covers the period from the birth of Estonian language theatre up to the founding of professional theatre. It includes images of the people associated with theatre, the public festivals, the costumes and the theatre buildings. The foundation of the Vanemuine Theatre took place during the phase of active construction of Estonian nationality. It focused on a national narrative, on connecting individual events and celebrating anniversaries that assisted in asserting a collective sense of continuity. -
On the Topics and Style of Soviet Animated Films
BALTIC SCREEN MEDIA REVIEW 2016 / VOLUME 4 / ARTICLE Article On the Topics and Style of Soviet Animated Films ÜLO PIKKOV, Estonian Academy of Arts; email: [email protected] 16 DOI: 10.1515/bsmr-2017-0002 BALTIC SCREEN MEDIA REVIEW 2016 / VOLUME 4 / ARTICLE ABSTRACT This article provides a survey of Soviet animation and analyses the thematic and stylistic course of its develop- ment. Soviet animated film emerged and materialised in synch with the fluctuations of the region’s political climate and was directly shaped by it. A number of trends and currents of Soviet animation also pertain to other Eastern European countries. After all, Eastern Europe constituted an integrated cultural space that functioned as a single market for the films produced across it by filmmakers who interacted in a professional regional network of film education, events, festivals, publications etc. Initially experimental, post-revolutionary Russian ani- mation soon fell under the sway of the Socialist Realist discourse, along with the rest of Soviet art, and quickly crystallised as a didactic genre for children. Disney’s para- digm became its major source of inspiration both in terms of visual style and thematic scope, despite the fact that Soviet Union was regarded as the ideological opposite of the Western way of life and mindset. The Soviet animation industry was spread across different studios and republics that adopted slightly varied production practices and tolerated different degrees of artistic freedom. Studios in the smaller republics, such as Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania in particular, stood out for making films that were more ideologically complicated than those produced in Moscow. -
Muusiko • Kino
footer- muusiko • kino ENSY Kultuuri ministeeriumi, ENSY Rikliku Kinokomitee, ENSV Heliloojate Eesti Kinoliidu ja ENSV Teatriühingu 1965 IV aastakäik Esikaanel Aarne Üksküla (orelimeister Jaan Prii) O. Neulandi filmis «Reekviem». O. Vasema foto Tagakaanel kaadrid M. Soosaare filmist «Mängutoos Manilaiul». •е-.*»*- Sata Toimetuse Ikollleegiun В v» , К. • •ЧИ1 *VO HIRVESOO JÜRI JÄRVET REIN KAREMÄE KARIN KASK KALJU KOM.ISSAROV LEIDA LAHUS ARNE MIKK VALTER OJAKÄÄR TIIU RANDVIIR ENN REKKOR LEPO SUMERA EINO TAMBERG AHTO VESMES JAAK VILLER PEATOIMETAJA KULDAR RAUDNASK TOIMETUS: Tallinn, Narva mnt. 5 postiaadress 200090, postkast 51. Peatoimetaja asetäitja Va! lo Raun, tel. 66 61 62 Vastutav sekretär Helju Tüksammel, tel. 44 54 68 Teat riosakond Reet Neimar ja Margot Visnap, tel. 44 54 68 - 4, Muusikaosakond Mare Põldmäe ja Madis Kolk, tel. 44 31 09 Filmiosakond Jaan Ruus ja Jaak Lõhmus, tel. 44 31 09 Keeletoimetajia Kulla Sisask, tel. 44 54 68 Fotokorrespondent Alar Ilo, tel. 42 25 51 KUJUNDLS: MAI EINER "eol © KIRJASTUS PERIOODIKA • TEATER • MUUSIKA • KINO • TALLINN 1985 SISUKORD TEATER VASTAB HENDRIK ALLIK Kristel Pappel MARI LILL. ELL 28 NÄIDENDIST JA NÄIDENDIVÕISTLUSEST (Interv juud A. Liivese, T. Kalli ja M. Tiksiga) 42 VABARIIKLIKEL NÄIDENDIVÖISTLUSTEL AUHINNATUD TEOSED (1945-1984) 48 Jänkimees TIPP-TEOSTEST JA TIPP-ARVUSTUSEST 49 Marina Otšakovskaja MELPOMENE NUKKER NAERATUS (Märkmeid vene nõukogude tänapäevakomöödiast) 52 TEATRIGLOOBUS 84 TEATRIKUNSTI VABARIIKLIKUD AASTAPREEMIAD 85 Heino Gustavson TALLINNAST MAAILMA TEATRIAJALUKKU -
Die Estnische1 Theater-2
DE CULTU CIVILI ESTONICO 1 VOL III DIE ESTNISCHE 2 THEATER- III/3 WELT 1 → DIE ESTNISCHE – Das estnische Theater ehrt seine Geschichte und Vorgänger, und diese Ehrerweisung wird auch den Zuschauern bereits in der Grundschule nahegelegt. 2 → THEATER – Das Theater war und ist ein Zeugnis estnischer Eigenständigkeit. 3 → WELT – Auch kokettieren wir mit der netten Aussage, dass Kunst die Welt verändert, zugleich aber gehen wir davon aus, dass sie dies irgendwie indirekt tut, ohne sich aktiv einzumischen, mit den Mitteln der Kunst eben. DIE ESTNISCHE THEATERWELT Estnisches Institut / Estnische Theateragentur Tallinn, 2013 Text: Ott Karulin, Monika Larini Übersetzung: Axel Jagau Korrekror: Lale Eckardt Grafische Gestaltung: Piia Ruber Fotos: Paul Aguraiuja, Awentus and Heikmann, DeStudio, Eero Epner, Andrus Eesmaa, Verband der Estnischen Amateurtheater, Estnisches Dramatheater, Estnisches Literaturmuseum, Estnische Nationaloper, Estnischer Rundfunk, Estnisches Puppen- und Jugendtheater, Estnische Theateragentur, Estnisches Museum für Theater und Musik (TMM), Endla-Theater, Priit Grepp, Jassu Hertsmann, Ville Hyvönen, Peeter Jalakas, SAAL der Kanuten-Gilde, Andres Keil, Lauri Kulpsoo, Jaanus Laagriküll, Ülo Laumets, Peeter Laurits, Ants Liigus , Eva-Liisa Linder, Enn Loit, Teet Malsroos, Kaarel Mikkin, Kris Moor, N099, Tiit Oajsoo, Anete Pelmas, Alan Proosa, R.A.A.A.M, Harri Rospu, Piia Ruber, Scanpix Baltics, Ene-Liis Semper, Triin Sinissaar, Nele Sooväli, STÜ(Verein Unabhängiger Tanz), Tõnu Tamm, Heigo Teder, Taivo Tenso, Jüri Tenson, Vanemuine-Theater, Ugala-Theater, Siim Vahur, Gunnar Vaidla, Taavi Varm, Liina Viru, Toomas Volmer/ETA/Scanpix, Mats Õun, Wikipedia/Gsitnikov. Herausgeber: Estnisches Institut / Estnische Theateragentur ISBN 978-9949-9442-1-7 THEATERWANDERUNGEN Liina Unt THEATERWANDERUNGEN In Estland kann man selbst an den unerwartetsten Stellen auf Theater treffen. -
Muusiko • Kino ISSN 0207—6535 12
rooter- muusiko • kinoISSN 0207—6535 ENSV Kultuuri ministeeriumi, ENSV Riikliku Kinokomitee, ENSV Heliloojate Eesti Kinoliidu ja ENSV Teatriühingu ajakiri 12 detsember II aastakäik Esikaanel kaader filmis Kolmnurk» (rezissoor P. Pri m. kurisi ] P. Pärn Tagakaanel kaader filmist «Õun» fstspna- rist ja režissöor K. K luomi, operaatöi T. TaÜvee). T. Kohvi foto. Toimetuse kolleegium AVO HIRVESOO JÜRI JÄRVET REIN KAREMÄE KARIN KASK KALJU KOMISSAROV LEIDA LAIUS ARNE MIKK VALTER OJAKÄÄR TIIU RANDVIIR ENN REKKOR LEPO SUMERA EINO TAMBERG AHTO VESMES JAAK VILLER PEATOIMETAJA KULDAR RAUDNASK TOIMETUS: Tallinn, Narva mnt. 5, postiaadress 200090, postkast 51. Peatoimetaja asetäitja Vallo Raun, tel. 666—162 Vastutav sekretär Helju Tüksammel, tel. 445—468 Teatriosakond Reet Neimar, tel. 445-468 Muusikaosakond Mare Põldmäe ja Madis Kolk, tel. 443-109 Filmiosakond Jaan Ruus ja Aune Nuiamäe, tel. 443-109 Keeletoimetaja Kulla Sisask, tel. 445-468 Korrektorid Velly Roots ja Solveig Kriggulson, tel. 432-981 Fotokorrespondent Alar Ilo, tel. 422-551 KUJUNDUS: MAI EINER KIRJASTUS • PERIOODIKA • TEATER • MUUSIKA • KINO -TALLINN • 1983 > CESfl 4 SISUKORD TEATER RAHVUSIWx».^» UttOQU TEATRIANKEET . 45 30 AASTAT HILJEM (GITIS-e eesti stuudiost) 50 SÕPRUSLINNADE TEATRID. PÕGUSAID TUTVUSI (Schwerini, Veneetsia ja Kieli teatrid Tallinnas) 60 TEATRIGLOOBUS 82 MUUSIKA VASTAB HELMI PUUR Madis Kolk RICHARD WAGNERI «OOPER JA DRAAMA» 13 Richard Wagner OOPERIST JA DRAAMAST 16 VADEMECUM 81 KINO II NÕUKOGUDE EESTI FILMIFESTIVALI (1983) AUHINNAD 24 Andrei Plahhov ELUTARK NOORUS (Filmist «Ideaalmaastik») 26 Jaak Olep «KOLMNURGA» TAUSTAST 30 Viktor Slavkin DOKUMENTEERIV MUUSIKAFILM -32 Uno Heinapuu KÜNNIMEHE VÄSIMUS 33 PÕLLUMEHED «KÜNNIMEHE VÄSIMUSEST» (Vestlus ring «9. Mai» kolhoosis) 35 Maie Remmel MÕTESTATUD MAASTIKUD REIN MARANI LOODUS FILMIDES 36 Märt Kubo REKLAAMFILM TARBIJA PILGU LÄBI 39 Tiina Lokk LÄTI JA LEEDU TÕSIELUFILMIDEST 66 Hannes Villemson FILM GANDHIST 69 AASTA «OSCARID» 79 KROONIKA 83 Ike Voikov METROPOLITAN OPERA JA LINCOLN CENTER 96 Helmi Puur 8. -
Stop Motion & Motion Capture Stop Motion
VolVol 22 IssueIssue 1111 February 1998 Stop Motion & Motion Capture The Politics of Performance Animation FoamFoam PuppetPuppet FrabicationFrabication ExplainedExplained BarryBarry Purves Purves ThrowsThrows DownDown thethe GauntletGauntlet Little Big Estonia InsideInside MedialabMedialab Table of Contents February, 1998 Vol. 2, No. 11 4 Editor’s Notebook Animation and its many changing faces... 5 Letters: [email protected] STOP-MOTION & MOTION-CAPTURE 6 Who’s Data Is That Anyway? Gregory Peter Panos, founding co-director of the Performance Animation Society, describes a new fron- tier of dilemmas, the politics of performance animation. 9 Boldly Throwing Down the Gauntlet In our premier issue, acclaimed stop-motion animator Barry J.C. Purves shared his sentiments on the coming of the computer. Now Barry’s back to share his thoughts on the last two years that have been both exhilarating and disappointing for him. 14 A Conversation With... In a small, quiet cafe, motion-capture pioneer Chris Walker and outrageous stop-motion animator Corky Quakenbush got together for lunch and discovered that even though their techniques may appear to be night and day, they actually have a lot in common. 21 At Last, Foam Puppet Fabrication Explained! How does one build an armature from scratch and end up with a professional foam puppet? Tom Brierton is here to take us through the steps and offer advice. 27 Little Big Estonia:The Nukufilm Studio On the 40th anniversary of Estonia’s Nukufilm, Heikki Jokinen went for a visit to profile the puppet ani- mation studio and their place in the post-Soviet world. 31 Wallace & Gromit Spur Worldwide Licensing Activity Karen Raugust takes a look at the marketing machine behind everyone’s favorite clay characters, Wallace & Gromit. -
As of January 2012 Estonian Archives in the US--Book Collection3.Xlsx
Indexed by Title Estonian Archives in the US Book Collection Author Title Date Dewey # Collect Saar, J1. detsember 1924 Tallinnas 1925 901 Saa Eesti Vangistatud Vaba‐ dusvõitlejate 1. Kogud VII, 2. Kogud VIII‐XIII, 3. Kogud XIV‐XIX, 4. nd 323 Ees Abistamis‐ keskus Kogud XX‐XXV 1985‐1987 Simre, M1. praktiline inglise keele grammatika >1945 422 Sim DP Sepp, Hans 1. ülemaailmne eesti arstide päev 1972 610 Sep EKNÜRO Aktsioonikomitee 1.Tõsiolud jutustavad, nr. 1, 2. nr.2, 3. nr.3 1993 323 EKN Eesti Inseneride Liit 10 aastat eesti inseneride liitu: 1988‐1999 nd 620 Ees Reed, John 10 päeva mis vaputasid maailma 1958 923.1 Re Baltimore Eesti Selts 10. Kandlepäevad 1991 787.9 Ba Koik, Lembit 100 aastat eesti raskejõustikku (1888‐1988) 1966 791 Koi Eesti Lauljate Liit 100 aastat eesti üldlaulupidusid 1969 782 Ees Wise, W H 100 best true stories of World War II, The 1945 905 Wis Pajo, Maido 100 küsimust ja vastust maaõigusest 1999 305 Paj Pärna, Ants 100 laeva 1975 336.1 Pä Plank, U 100 Vaimulikku laulu 1945 242 Pla DP Sinimets, I 1000 fakti Nõukogude Eestist 1981 911.1 Si Eesti Lauljate Liit Põhja‐ Ameerikas 110.a. juubeli laulupeo laulud 1979 780 Ees 12 märtsi radadel 1935 053 Kak Tihase, K12 motiivi eesti taluehitistest 1974 721.1 Ti Kunst 12 reproduktsiooni eesti graafikast 1972 741.1 K Laarman, Märt 12 reproduktsiooni eesti graafikast 1973 741.1 La 12. märts 1934 1984 053 Kak 12. märts. Aasta riiklikku ülesehitustööd; 12. märts 1934 ‐ 12, 1935 053 Kak märts. 1935 Eesti Lauljate Liit Põhja‐ Ameerikas 120.a. -
Sovyet Animasyon Filmlerinde Üslup Ve Tema1
DOI: 10.7816/ulakbilge-06-31-10 ulakbilge, 2018, Cilt 6, Sayı 31, Volume 6, Issue 31 SOVYET ANİMASYON FİLMLERİNDE ÜSLUP VE TEMA1 Ülo PİKKOV, Çev: Yasemin KILINÇARSLAN2 Öz Bu makale Sovyet animasyon sinemasına dair bir çalışmadır ve Sovyet animasyon sinemasının biçimsel ve tematik rotasının gelişimini analiz etmektedir. Sovyet animasyon sineması bölgenin politik iklimindeki dalgalanmalarla senkronize bir biçimde ortaya çıkmış ve bu politik iklim tarafından doğrudan biçimlenmiştir. Sovyet animasyon sinemasının bazı akımları ve trendleri diğer Avrupa ülkelerindekiyle de benzerlik göstermektedir. Buna karşın, Doğu Avrupa, sinema eğitimi, etkinlikler, festivaller, yayınlar vs. dair profesyonel bölgesel bir ağla etkileşim içinde olan sinemacılar aracılığıyla film üretimi için tek bir pazar olarak işlev gösteren entegre bir kültürel alan oluşturmuştur. Başlangıçta deneysel ve post devrimci Rus animasyon sineması diğer Sovyet sanatları gibi Sosyalist Gerçekçilik söyleminin egemenliği altındaydı ve çocuklar için didaktik bir tür olarak hızlı bir biçimde kristalize olmuştu. Sovyetler Birliği Batı zihniyetinin ve yaşam biçiminin ideolojik olarak zıt kutbu olarak görülmesine rağmen Disney paradigması Sovyet animasyon sinemasının hem görsel stil hem de tematik kapsam anlamında başlıca esin kaynağı olmuştur. Sovyet animasyon sineması endüstrisi sanatsal özgürlüğü bir dereceye kadar tolere eden ve farklı animasyon film çalışmalarını az da olsa benimseyen farklı stüdyolara ve cumhuriyetlere doğru yayılma göstermiştir. Estonya, Letonya ve Litvanya gibi daha küçük cumhuriyetlerdeki stüdyolar özellikle Moskova’da üretilen filmlere nazaran ideolojik anlamda daha karmaşık filmler çekme konusunda direnç göstermişlerdir. Anahtar kelimeler: Disney, çizgi film, Sosyalist Gerçekçilik, animasyon, sinema ON THE TOPICS AND STYLE OF SOVIET ANIMATED FILMS Abstract This article provides a survey of Soviet animation and analyses the thematic and stylistic course of its development. -
Soviet Period Films in Today's Copyright Law: German and Baltic Experience
TRAMES, 2014, 18(68/63), 3, 199–219 SOVIET PERIOD FILMS IN TODAY’S COPYRIGHT LAW: GERMAN AND BALTIC EXPERIENCE Ramūnas Birštonas1, Thomas Hoffmann2, Aleksei Kelli2, and Vadim Mantrov3 1Mykolas Romeris University, 2University of Tartu and 3University of Latvia Abstract. This article reviews the legal experience of Germany, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania dealing with the films that were created in these countries during the Soviet period. These films do not only form a remarkable part of the cultural heritage of these nations, but also a possible source of revenues as well. Within this context, a particularly acute question concerns the legal fate of digitized versions of these films, inflicting a multitude of copyright law issues, as the majority of these films are still protected by copyright. In contrast to the almost identical legal regulation in the Soviet period, after the collapse of the Soviet Union all the four countries investigated in this paper chose separate ways to address copyright problems which soon arose, resulting in a surprisingly heterogeneous treatment of film copyrights, which spans from considerably user-friendly solutions to factual lockups of the film stock. Keywords: audiovisual works, films, copyright, related rights, authors, performers, Soviet period DOI: 10.3176/tr.2014.3.01 1. Introduction Within society, films1 have several functions. They serve as mass media, still most essential today, apart from the internet. They are a form of artistic expression, and an economical factor. While its function as mass media has always been dominant since the creation of the first ‘motion pictures’ around 1900 – and therefore served as an ideal propaganda tool for various regimes – the importance of the artistic and the economic aspect changed over time.