3.List of Varieties Last Time Updated Jan.05
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Supplementary Material for RUSSELL, DYRANA N., JAWWAD A
Supplementary Material for RUSSELL, DYRANA N., JAWWAD A. QURESHI, SUSAN E. HALBERT AND PHILIP A. STANSLY−Host Suitability of Citrus and Zanthoxylum Spp. for Leuronota fagarae and Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Psylloidea). Florida Entomologist 97(4) (December 2014) at http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/entomologist/browse Corresponding author: Dr. J. A. Qureshi University of Florida/IFAS Southwest Florida Research and Education Center (SWFREC) 2685 SR 29N, Immokalee, Fl 34142, USA Phone: (239) 658-3400 Fax: (239) 658-3469 E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT Leuronota fagarae Burckhardt (Hemiptera: Psylloidea), an exotic psyllid described from South America, was first observed in 2001on a citrus relative Zanthoxylum fagara (L.) Sarg. (Sapindales: Rutaceae) in southern Florida. Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Psylloidea) is principal vector of the bacteria ‘Candidatus Liberibacter spp.’ causal agent of huanglongbing (HLB) or citrus greening disease. Both vector and disease are now well established in Florida and also reported throughout the Americas and Asia. The host range of D. citri is limited to citrus and some rutaceous relatives. Additional vectors and host plants could accelerate spread of HLB in citrus and threaten endangered species such as Zanthoxylum coriaceum A. Rich. and Zanthoxylum flavum Vahl. Experiments were conducted to evaluate adult survival, reproduction and nymphal development of psyllids on 3 Citrus and 4 Zanthoxylum species as well as orange jasmine, Murraya paniculata (Syn. M. exotica) (Sapindales: Rutaceae), a common ornamental and preferred host of D. citri. Leuronota fagarae in single male−female pairs at 24 °C lived an average 4-47 days, 4-12 fold longer on Zanthoxylum spp. (except Z. flavum) than on citrus. -
Tetraploid Citrumelo 4475 Rootstocks Improve Diploid Common
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Tetraploid Citrumelo 4475 rootstocks improve diploid common clementine tolerance to long‑term nutrient defciency Julie Oustric1*, Stéphane Herbette2, Yann Quilichini3, Raphaël Morillon4,5, Jean Giannettini1, Liliane Berti1 & Jérémie Santini1 Nutrient defciency alters growth and the production of high‑quality nutritious food. In Citrus crops, rootstock technologies have become a key tool for enhancing tolerance to abiotic stress. The use of doubled diploid rootstocks can improve adaptation to lower nutrient inputs. This study investigated leaf structure and ultrastructure and physiological and biochemical parameters of diploid common clementine scions (C) grafted on diploid (2x) and doubled diploid (4x) Carrizo citrange (C/CC2x and C/CC4x) and Citrumelo 4475 (C/CM2x and C/CM4x) rootstocks under optimal fertigation and after 7 months of nutrient defciency. Rootstock ploidy level had no impact on structure but induced changes in the number and/or size of cells and some cell components of 2x common clementine leaves under optimal nutrition. Rootstock ploidy level did not modify gas exchanges in Carrizo citrange but induced a reduction in the leaf net photosynthetic rate in Citrumelo 4475. By assessing foliar damage, changes in photosynthetic processes and malondialdehyde accumulation, we found that C/CM4x were less afected by nutrient defciency than the other scion/rootstock combinations. Their greater tolerance to nutrient defciency was probably due to the better performance of the enzyme‑based antioxidant system. Nutrient defciency had similar impacts on C/CC2x and C/CC4x. Tolerance to nutrient defciency can therefore be improved by rootstock polyploidy but remains dependent on the rootstock genotype. Fruit crops, especially citrus fruits, require large amounts of fertilizers to ensure good production and fruit qual- ity. -
Survey of Phenolic Compounds Produced in Citrus
USDA ??:-Z7 S rveyof Phenolic United States Department of Agriculture C mpounds Produced IliIIiI Agricultural Research In Citrus Service Technical Bulletin Number 1856 December 1998 United States Department of Agriculture Survey of Phenolic Compounds Agricultural Produced in Citrus Research Service Mark Berhow, Brent Tisserat, Katherine Kanes, and Carl Vandercook Technical Bulletin Number 1856 December 1998 This research project was conducted at USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Fruit and Vegetable Chem istry laboratory, Pasadena, California, where Berhow was a research chemist, TIsserat was a research geneticist, Kanes was a research associate, and Vandercook, now retired, was a research chemist. Berhow and Tisserat now work at the USDA-ARS National Center for AgriCUltural Utilization Research, Peoria, Illinois, where Berhow is a research chemist and Tisserat is a research geneticist. Abstract Berhow, M., B. Tisserat, K. Kanes, and C. Vandercook. 1998. Survey of Mention of trade names or companies in this publication is solely for the Phenolic Compounds Produced in Citrus. U.S. Department ofAgriculture, purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommenda Agricultural Research Service, Technical Bulletin No. 1856, 158 pp. tion or endorsement by the U. S. Department ofAgriculture over others not mentioned. A survey of phenolic compounds, especially flavanones and flavone and flavonol compounds, using high pressure liquid chromatography was While supplies last, single copies of this publication may be obtained at no performed in Rutaceae, subfamily Aurantioideae, representing 5 genera, cost from- 35 species, and 114 cultivars. The average number of peaks, or phenolic USDA, ARS, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research compounds, occurring in citrus leaf, flavedo, albedo, and juice vesicles 1815 North University Street were 21, 17, 15, and 9.3, respectively. -
Citrus Industry Biosecurity Plan 2015
Industry Biosecurity Plan for the Citrus Industry Version 3.0 July 2015 PLANT HEALTH AUSTRALIA | Citrus Industry Biosecurity Plan 2015 Location: Level 1 1 Phipps Close DEAKIN ACT 2600 Phone: +61 2 6215 7700 Fax: +61 2 6260 4321 E-mail: [email protected] Visit our web site: www.planthealthaustralia.com.au An electronic copy of this plan is available through the email address listed above. © Plant Health Australia Limited 2004 Copyright in this publication is owned by Plant Health Australia Limited, except when content has been provided by other contributors, in which case copyright may be owned by another person. With the exception of any material protected by a trade mark, this publication is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-No Derivs 3.0 Australia licence. Any use of this publication, other than as authorised under this licence or copyright law, is prohibited. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/ - This details the relevant licence conditions, including the full legal code. This licence allows for redistribution, commercial and non-commercial, as long as it is passed along unchanged and in whole, with credit to Plant Health Australia (as below). In referencing this document, the preferred citation is: Plant Health Australia Ltd (2004) Industry Biosecurity Plan for the Citrus Industry (Version 3.0 – July 2015). Plant Health Australia, Canberra, ACT. Disclaimer: The material contained in this publication is produced for general information only. It is not intended as professional advice on any particular matter. No person should act or fail to act on the basis of any material contained in this publication without first obtaining specific and independent professional advice. -
Caribbean Fruit Fly Host List
1 Caribbean Fruit Fly Host List Common Name Botanical Name Akee Blighia sapida Allspice Pimenta dioica Ambarella Spondias cytherea Atemoya Annona cherimola X A. squamosa Apple Malus sylvestris, Malus domestica Malus spp. Autumn Maple Tree Bischofia javanica Avocado, except commercial fruit Persea americana Balsam Apple Momordica balsamina Barbados Cherry Malpighia glabra Bell Pepper, except commercial fruit Capsicum frutescens, Capsicum annuum Birchberry Eugenia ligustrina Blackberry Rubus hybrid Box Orange Severinia buxifolia Brazil Cherry Eugenia dombeyi Cabeluda Plinia glomerata Calabur Muntingia calabura Calamondin X Citrofortunella mitis Carambola Averrhoa carambola Ceylon Gooseberry Dovyalis hebecarpa Cherry of the Rio Grande Eugenia aggregata Clementine Citrus reticulata Cocoplum Chrysolbalanus icaco Custard Apple, Sugar Apple Annona squamosa, Annona reticulata Egg Fruit Pouteria campechiana Date Palm Phoenix dactylifera Fig Ficus carica Garcinia aristata Garcinia aristata Garcinia Garcinia spp. Governor's Plum Flacourtia indica Grapefruit Citrus paradisi 2 Caribbean Fruit Fly Host List Grumichama Eugenia brasiliensis Guava (all) Psidium spp. Guiana Plum Drypetes lateriflora Hog Plum Spondias mombin Imbe Garcinia livingstonei Jaboticaba Myrciaria cauliflora Jack Orangequat Citrus nobilis 'unshu' x Fortunella sp. Jambolan Plum Syzygium cumini Jamboisier Rouge Eugenia pyriformis Cambess. var. uvalha Japanese Pear Pyrus pyrifolia Japanese Persimmon Diospyros kaki Java Apple Syzygium samarangense Kei Apple Dovyalis caffra Kieffer Pear -
Joimalofagmoiltdraiesea
JOIMALOFAGMOILTDRAIESEARCH VOL. XIX WASHINGTON, D. C, JULY 15, 1920 No. 8 RELATIVE SUSCEPTIBILITY TO CITRUS-CANKER OF DIFFERENT SPECIES AND HYBRIDS OF THE GENUS CITRUS, INCLUDING THE WILD RELATIVES » By GEORGE I*. PELTIER, Plant Pathologist, Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station, and Agent, Bureau of Plant Industry, United States Department of Agriculture, and WILLIAM J. FREDERICH, Assistant Pathologist, Bureau of Plant Industry, United States Department of Agriculture 2 INTRODUCTION In a preliminary report (6)3 the senior author briefly described the results obtained under greenhouse conditions for a period of six months on the susceptibility and resistance to citrus-canker of a number of plants including some of the wild relatives, Citrus fruits, and hybrids of the genus Citrus. Since that time the plants reported on have been under close observation; a third experiment has been started, and many inoculations have been made in the isolation field in southern Alabama during the summers of 1917, 1918, and 1919. Many more plants have been successfully inoculated; others have proved to be extremely sus- ceptible; while some of those tested still show considerable resistance. The results obtained up to November 1, 1919, are described in tjhis report. EXPERIMENTAL METHODS In the greenhouse, the methods used and the conditions governing the inoculations described in the preliminary report were closely fol- lowed. The same strain of the organism was used and was applied in the 1 Published with the approval of the Director of the Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station. The paper is based upon cooperative investigations between the Office of Crop Physiology and Breeding Investi- gations, Bureau of Plant Industry, United States Department of Agriculture, and the Department of Plant Pathology, Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station. -
The Satsuma Mandarin1 Peter C
HS195 The Satsuma Mandarin1 Peter C. Andersen and James J. Ferguson2 Scientific Name Family Citrus unshiu Marcovitch Rutaceae Common Name Origin In most citrus producing areas, satsuma mandarin is the China and Japan preferred name, but satsuma tangerine is also used (Figures 1 and 2). Distribution Satsumas are grown in cool subtropical regions of Japan, Spain, central China, Korea, Turkey, along the Black Sea in Russia, southern South Africa, South America, and on a small scale in central California and northern Florida. The world’s largest satsuma industry is located in southern Ja- pan where climatic conditions are favorable for the produc- tion of early ripening satsuma mandarins of high quality. Selection of slight mutations and seedlings from controlled pollinations over many years has resulted in a collection of Figure 1. A satsuma orchard in north Florida. over 100 cultivars that differ in date of maturity, fruit shape, Credits: P. C. Andersen color, and quality. ‘Owari’ is the primary satsuma cultivar commercially grown in Florida, but ‘Brown Select’, ‘Early St. Ann’, ‘Silverhill’, and ‘Kimbrough’ are also available. History Satsuma mandarin may have originated in China, but it was first reported in Japan more than 700 years ago, where it is now the major citrus species grown. The first recorded introduction into the United States was in Florida by George R. Hall in 1876. The name “satsuma” is credited to Figure 2. Mature satsumas ready for harvest. the wife of a United States minister to Japan, General Van Credits: P. C. Andersen 1. This document is HS195, one of a series of the Horticultural Sciences Department, UF/IFAS Extension. -
Holdings of the University of California Citrus Variety Collection 41
Holdings of the University of California Citrus Variety Collection Category Other identifiers CRC VI PI numbera Accession name or descriptionb numberc numberd Sourcee Datef 1. Citron and hybrid 0138-A Indian citron (ops) 539413 India 1912 0138-B Indian citron (ops) 539414 India 1912 0294 Ponderosa “lemon” (probable Citron ´ lemon hybrid) 409 539491 Fawcett’s #127, Florida collection 1914 0648 Orange-citron-hybrid 539238 Mr. Flippen, between Fullerton and Placentia CA 1915 0661 Indian sour citron (ops) (Zamburi) 31981 USDA, Chico Garden 1915 1795 Corsican citron 539415 W.T. Swingle, USDA 1924 2456 Citron or citron hybrid 539416 From CPB 1930 (Came in as Djerok which is Dutch word for “citrus” 2847 Yemen citron 105957 Bureau of Plant Introduction 3055 Bengal citron (ops) (citron hybrid?) 539417 Ed Pollock, NSW, Australia 1954 3174 Unnamed citron 230626 H. Chapot, Rabat, Morocco 1955 3190 Dabbe (ops) 539418 H. Chapot, Rabat, Morocco 1959 3241 Citrus megaloxycarpa (ops) (Bor-tenga) (hybrid) 539446 Fruit Research Station, Burnihat Assam, India 1957 3487 Kulu “lemon” (ops) 539207 A.G. Norman, Botanical Garden, Ann Arbor MI 1963 3518 Citron of Commerce (ops) 539419 John Carpenter, USDCS, Indio CA 1966 3519 Citron of Commerce (ops) 539420 John Carpenter, USDCS, Indio CA 1966 3520 Corsican citron (ops) 539421 John Carpenter, USDCS, Indio CA 1966 3521 Corsican citron (ops) 539422 John Carpenter, USDCS, Indio CA 1966 3522 Diamante citron (ops) 539423 John Carpenter, USDCS, Indio CA 1966 3523 Diamante citron (ops) 539424 John Carpenter, USDCS, Indio -
Citrus Breeding History Breeding Goals Rootstock Rootstock Hybrids
History • Early agriculturalists selected natural Citrus Breeding hybrids and mutants for seed propagation • 1800’s- grafting and cuttings became popular to propagate best varieties Kevin M. Crosby • 1900’s- artificial cross-pollination practiced Breeding Goals Rootstock • Rootstock- tree size, stress tolerance • Dwarfing- Poncirus, some mandarins • Scion- fruit color, size, shape, flavor, yield • Compatability- citrus better than Poncirus • Disease resistance- CTV, Phytophthora, • Seedling vigor and scion yield CVC, Alternaria, Scab, Greening, etc. • Fruit quality- size, shape, flavor, juice Rootstock Hybrids Carrizo Citrange • ‘Carrizo,’ ‘Troyer’ Citrange- navel orange x Poncirus, very popular in FL, CA • ‘Swingle’ Citrumelo- grapefruit x Poncirus, very popular in Florida, salt intolerant • ‘Sunki’ x ‘Swingle’ tf- semi-dwarfing, salt- tolerant, possible replacement for SO in TX 1 Swingle Citrumelo Rootstock Fruit Scion Scion Hybrids • Vigor, yield potential, cold tolerance • ‘Orlando,’ ‘Minneola’ tangelos- ‘Duncan’ grapefruit x ‘Dancy’ tangerine • Fruit type- mandarin grapefruit, orange • ‘Page’ mandarin- ‘Minneola’ x ‘Clementine’ • Fruit quality- flavor, size, seediness, appearance, shelf-life • ‘Oro Blanco’ grapefruit triploid- tetraploid pummelo x grapefruit Disease Resistance Breeding Techniques • Viruses- CTV, Psorosis, Exocortis • Cross-pollination- combine genes from different parents in hybrid progeny • Bacteria- Citrus Variegated Chlorosis, Greening, Canker • Self-pollination- fix genes of interest in one line to stabilize -
Improvement of Subtropical Fruit Crops: Citrus
IMPROVEMENT OF SUBTROPICAL FRUIT CROPS: CITRUS HAMILTON P. ÏRAUB, Senior Iloriiciilturist T. RALPH ROBCNSON, Senior Physiolo- gist Division of Frnil and Vegetable Crops and Diseases, Bureau of Plant Tndusiry MORE than half of the 13 fruit crops known to have been cultivated longer than 4,000 years,according to the researches of DeCandolle (7)\ are tropical and subtropical fruits—mango, oliv^e, fig, date, banana, jujube, and pomegranate. The citrus fruits as a group, the lychee, and the persimmon have been cultivated for thousands of years in the Orient; the avocado and papaya were important food crops in the American Tropics and subtropics long before the discovery of the New World. Other types, such as the pineapple, granadilla, cherimoya, jaboticaba, etc., are of more recent introduction, and some of these have not received the attention of the plant breeder to any appreciable extent. Through the centuries preceding recorded history and up to recent times, progress in the improvement of most subtropical fruits was accomplished by the trial-error method, which is crude and usually expensive if measured by modern standards. With the general accept- ance of the Mendelian principles of heredity—unit characters, domi- nance, and segregation—early in the twentieth century a starting point was provided for the development of a truly modern science of genetics. In this article it is the purpose to consider how subtropical citrus fruit crops have been improved, are now being improved, or are likel3^ to be improved by scientific breeding. Each of the more important crops will be considered more or less in detail. -
Citrus Rootstocks: Their Characters and Reactions
CITRUS ROOTSTOCKS: THEIR CHARACTERS AND REACTIONS (an unpublished manuscript) ca. 1986 By W. P. BITTERS (1915 – 2006) Editor, digital version: Marty Nemeth, Reference Librarian, UC Riverside Science Library, retired Subject matter experts, digital version: Dr. Tracy Kahn, Curator, UC Citrus Variety Collection Dr. Robert Krueger, Curator, USDA-ARS National Clonal Germplasm Repository for Citrus & Dates Toni Siebert, Assistant Curator, UC Citrus Variety Collection ca. 1955 ca. 1970 IN MEMORIUM Willard P. Bitters Professor of Horticulture, Emeritus Riverside 1915-2006 Born in Eau Claire, Wisconsin, in June, 1915, Dr. Willard “Bill” Bitters earned his bachelor’s degree in biology from St. Norbert College and his master’s degree and Ph.D. from the University of Wisconsin. After earning his doctorate, he first worked as the superintendent of the Valley Research Farm of the University of Arizona in Yuma, and joined the Citrus Experiment Station, in Riverside in 1946 as a Horticulturist. In 1961, Dr. Bitters became a Professor in the newly established University of California-Riverside. His initial assignment was to work on horticultural aspects of tristeza, a serious vector-transmitted virus disease which threatened to destroy California citrus orchards. Tristeza was already in California and spreading in 1946. At that time most citrus trees in California were grafted on a rootstock that was known to be susceptible to tristeza. Dr. Bill Bitters was responsible for screening of over 500 cultivars to determine which rootstock-scion combinations were resistant to this disease and yet possessed suitable horticultural characteristics. Of the 500 screened, most were susceptible, but several successful ones were selected and released to the industry. -
Agrumi Abc.Specie 2007
Tel: ++41 91/795 18 67 Fax:++41 91/795 30 29 e-mail: [email protected] internet: www.eisenhut.ch Agrumi abc.specie 2007 Nr. Atlantia 262 Citrus Citroides 105 Citrus aurantiifolia cv. Caribean Bears Lime Lime con frutto molto piccolo succoso, tipico Lime, pianta bella e 280 Citrus aurantiifolia cv. Itariet-ileg-lime SPS compatta* (C. aurantifolia x Fortunella japonica) - Ibridi tra Kumquat rotondo e limetta messicana. Crescita media ideale per tenere in vaso, ha una lunga fioritura. Frutto somigliante alla limetta Mexicana di color giallo, ma alla raccolta dovrebbe essere ancora verde, gusto non così amara come la limetta Mexicana.otiima limetta, non molto 133 Citrus aurantiifolia cv. Mexican Lime aspro, ne troppo amaro* cv. Mexico Limette CD Limetta acida Piccolo alberello, i giovani rametti sono provvisti di spine corte, rigide ed estremamente appuntite, foglie piccole, fiori piccoli, frutto piccolo, di forma ovale murità di color verde-giallo, buccia molto sottile, polpa bianco-verdastro. Originaria dell` arcipelago delle Indie orientali. Limetta mexicana succoso resta prraticamente verde l'unico, viene utilizzato per Teckila E` usata come sostituzione del limone e come pianta indicatrice del 143 Citrus aurantiifolia cv. Mexico Limette CD virus della tristezza, sensibile al freddo.* 283 Citrus aurantiifolia Limetta gialla 4 stagioni Frutto liscio e rotondo a maturazione precoce, senza spine 145 Citrus aurantiifolia 160 Citrus aurantium arancio amaro (non nr. 24) arancio amaro Arancio ornamentale molto amaro, se non subito raccolto divena secca solo 162 Citrus aurantium Rivera ornamentale* 373 Citrus aurantium Bizzaria Bouquet de Nice a fleurs 376 Citrus aurantium doubles C.R.C.