Mission Point Lighthouse

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MISSION POINT LIGHTHOUSE

NAS II PROJECT

Author Gay Lynn Hedges

Supervisors: Dr. Mark W. Holley, Ian Cundy

June 2012

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Figure List 3 - 4

Acknowledgements 5

Introduction 6 - 9

Location 10 – 13

History 14 - 22

Historical Time Line Tables 23

Oral Research 24

2-Dimensional Survey Methodology Diary 25 - 30

Products Developed / Site Analysis 31

Conclusion 32

Future Research 32

Mission Point Lighthouse Educational Packet 33 - 41

Bibliography 42

Index to Appendix 43

Appendix 44 - 48

FIGURE LIST

Cover Page - Old Mission Point Lighthouse by William Hosner

Figure 2 - Mission Point Lighthouse

Figure 3 - North America View

Figure 4 - Michigan View

Figure 5 - Grand Traverse Bay View

Figure 6 - Ariel View

Figure 7 - Site View

Figure 8 - Mission Point Lighthouse Museum Gift Shop

Figure 9 - Passengers boarding the Columbia

Figure 10 - Family picking cherries in the Mission Peninsula area

Figure 11 - Rear of the station showing the privy and work shed

Figure 12 - Captain John Lane

Figure 13 - Sarah Lane

Figure 14 - 1916 postcard shows Keeper James Davenport

Figure 15 - Keeper William Franklin Green

Figure 16 - Mission Point Lighthouse

Figure 17 - Emil Conrad Johnson

Figure 18 - 5th Order Fresnel Lens

Figure 19 - Mission Point Lighthouse Tour

Figure 20 - Mission Point Lighthouse Museum

Figure 21 - Time Line Table 1: Keepers of Mission Point Light

Figure 22 - Time Line Table 1: Keepers of Mission Point Light

Figure 23 - G.L. Hedges entering Lighthouse Park

Figure 24 - G.L. Hedges touring The Hessler Log Home

Figure 25 - The Hessler Log Home signage

Figure 26 - G.L. Hedges watching for vessels

Figure 27 - Old Mission Lighthouse signage

Figure 28 - Northwest view, Mission Point Lighthouse

Figure 29 - Southwest view, Mission Point Lighthouse

Figure 30 - G.L. Hedges recording digital tape data

Figure 31 - G.L. Hedges recording digital tape data

Figure 32 - G.L. Hedges recording digital tape data

Figure 33 - G.L. Hedges recording digital tape data

Figure 34 - CAD Site Plan

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The Mission Point Lighthouse Project team members would like to thank the following individuals, groups, partners and societies for their support in helping to make this project possible.

Ashley Flees, Scanning Services Doug Mansfield, Mansfield & Associates, Traverse City, Michigan Dr. Mark W. Holley, NAS Advisor, NMC Instructor Ian Cundy, NAS Tutor, NAS U. K. Kayteen Bolinger, Volunteer Lighthouse Keeper Sonja Richards, Mission Point Lighthouse Manager, Peninsula Township Park Commission Terry Smith, Volunteer, Old Mission Point Lighthouse Educational Packet Grand Traverse Lighthouse Grand Traverse Conservation District Grand Traverse Regional Land Conservancy History Center of Traverse City Lighthouses of Grand Traverse Region NAS - Nautical Archaeology Society NMC Department of Social Sciences NMC - Northwestern Michigan College Old Mission Historical Society Peninsula Township Park Commission The Peter Dougherty Society Traverse Area District Library

INTRODUCTION OF MISSION POINT LIGHTHOUSE

Figure 2: Mission Point Lighthouse, (www.lighthousefriends.com)

The Mission Point Lighthouse is a coastal structure, which provided a beacon of light marking the tip of Old Mission Peninsula to warn mariners of shallow water and rocky shoals ahead. The lighthouse was in service for 63 years. The arrival and departure dates of the seven lighthouse keepers serving the lighthouse provides a timeline of events from 1870 up to its decommission in 1933.

On January 30, 1948, the residents of Old Peninsula Township signed a contract with the Federal Government to purchase the Lighthouse. In 1992, the Mission Point Lighthouse was designated and registered as a Historical Site in the State of Michigan. Today the Mission Point Lighthouse and Lighthouse Park are preserved and maintained by the Peninsula Township Park Commission.

Visitors are welcome to tour the Mission Point Museum and the surrounding Lighthouse Park. This maritime heritage experience may be enjoyed by people of all ages. It allows guest to peek back in time and embrace the panoramic maritime history of what life was like around the turn of the century for both the Mission Point Lighthouse keepers and others who lived and worked at that time.

Mission Point Lighthouse Project

This project focuses on the following research topics: 1. A historical timeline representing the names and dates that each lighthouse keeper served at Mission Point Lighthouse from 1870 to when it was decommissioned in 1933. 2. A completed 2-dimensional survey of the exterior foundation of the Mission Point Lighthouse, outbuildings, and surrounding fence and gates. 3. Educational applications on how the Mission Point Lighthouse Museum and Lighthouse Park may be used as a resource and incorporated into elementary classroom curriculums.

The research provides maritime historical evidence of the seven names and dates of when each Mission Point lightkeeper served. This timeline will show when the lamp was first lit in 1870 and the time it was used to guide the maritime fleets for the next 63 years until 1933.

The 2-dimensional survey was conducted using a digital tape and measuring the exterior foundation of the lighthouse and creating a hand drawn sketch.

The research includes an overview of Mission Point Lighthouse and Lighthouse Park general contact information of scheduled tours and field trips, admission fees and the Old Mission Point Lighthouse Educational Packet.

Location: The Mission Point Lighthouse is coastal structure that is located at the end of M-37, on Old Mission Peninsula, 18 miles North of Traverse City, Grand Traverse County in Northwestern Michigan.

Reason for choosing the Mission Point Lighthouse Project:

The main reason that I chose the Mission Point Lighthouse Project is to use it as an educational resource in the elementary classroom when I am teaching.

Mission Point Lighthouse Project Team Members:

Archaeological Supervisor: Dr. Mark W. Holley – PhD, BA, CREA, CRA, IFA, FSA Archaeology Tutor: Ian Cundy – B.Sc., M.A. – NAS U.K. Project Director – Gay Lynn Hedges Project Safety Officer: Gay Lynn Hedges Photographer: Ian Cundy, Amateur Photographer Survey Team: Ian Cundy, Gay Lynn Hedges

Mission Point Lighthouse Project Participants and Roles:

Gay Lynn Hedges

The role of the Project Director will be to act as Project Safety Officer and Photographer. The roles will include the following: 1) Researching maritime historical findings, 2) Researching nautical archaeology findings, 3) Researching educational related topics, 4) Conducting a 2-dimensional survey, 4) Producing a site plan to scale and 6) Carrying out health and safety guidelines.

Dr. Mark W. Holley

The role of the Archaeological Supervisor will be to assist the Project Director as follows: 1) Editing the Design Plan and Monograph, and 2) Creating a booklet design for the Monograph to be submitted to the (NAS) Nautical Archaeology Society for approval of publication.

Ian Cundy

The role of the Archaeology Tutor will be to assist the Project Director as follows: 1) Conducting the 2-dimensional survey and 2) Producing photos of the site.

Personal Project:

This is a personal project that will be used to complete (6) credit hours of course work and be applied toward my elementary educational expertise and re-certification for licensing.

Coastal Structure Environment:

The Mission Point Lighthouse is a coastal structure located at the end of Old Mission Peninsula in Traverse City, Northwestern Michigan.

Primary Goals of the Mission Point Lighthouse Project:

1) The primary goal of this project is to collect research data to use as reference material in the elementary classroom.

2) To create a timeline table showing historical dates and names of the seven Mission Point Lighthouse Keepers. Research Question: What are the names and the specific dates each lighthouse keeper served at Mission Point Lighthouse from 1870 to when it was decommissioned in 1933?

3) To submit this archaeological site information for dissemination to the general public and fulfill part II requirements of ANT 202 on the website www.nasnmc.com.

4) To seek publication and approval of my monograph by (NAS) Nautical Archaeology Society.

5) To present my Mission Point Lighthouse monograph to attendees at the NAS- NMC Underwater Summit Conference in the fall, October 2012.

6) To find answers to the Research Question:

Q. What are the names and the specific dates each lighthouse keeper served at Mission Point Lighthouse from 1870 to when it was decommissioned in 1933?

LOCATION OF MISSION POINT LIGHTHOUSE

Latitude: 44.59 Longitude: -85.28 (Mansfield, Doug) 2012

Region:

The lighthouse is located at the tip of Old Mission Peninsula in North Western Michigan. It is located on the 45th Parallel between the beach and the forest at the end of M-37 on Old Mission Peninsula. It is positioned exactly half way between the North Pole and the Equator.

Maps:

North America, Michigan, Grand Traverse Bay, Ariel and Site Photos

Figure 3: North America, (www.google.com) 2012

Figure 4: Michigan, (www.google.com) 2012

Figure 5: Grand Traverse Bay, (www.google.com) 2012

Figure 6: Ariel Photo, (www.google.com) 2012

Figure 7: Site Photo, (www.photography-plus.com) 2012

Directions:

Starting from Traverse City at the base of Old Mission Peninsula follow highway M-37 north approximately 16 miles to the end of the Peninsula. The Lighthouse Park is located where the road terminates. There is public parking and the grounds that surround the Mission Point Lighthouse are open to the public.

Contact:

Mission Point Lighthouse Museum 132535 Center Road Traverse City, MI, 49686 (USA) Phone (231) 223-7324 Sonja Richards, Lighthouse Manager Cell (231) 645-0759 [email protected] www.missionpointlighthouse.com

Mission Point Lighthouse Museum and Lighthouse Park Hours and Admissions

Mission Point Gift Shop Hours:

Figure 8: Shop (www.missionpointlighthouse.com)

April 1 - October 31, Daily 10-6

November 1 - January 30 – Friday Saturday Sunday Only 10-6

Lighthouse Park Hours: Daily sunrise to 10pm

Lighthouse Museum Admissions:

$5 Adults, $3 Kids age 6-12, Free for 5 & under

HISTORY OF MISSION POINT LIGHTHOUSE

In March 1859, Congress took notice of the increase in trading activities and vessels passing by Old Mission Peninsula, which divides Grand Traverse Bay. This was mainly due to new settlers hearing about the excellent growing conditions and moving to the area. As more crops were produced, more ships entered the bay to carry the goods to various ports on the lake.

Figure 9: Passengers boarding the Columbia at the dock of the Northern Michigan Transportation Company in Traverse City, Courtesy of the History Center of Traverse City, (Johnson & Staley, 2011, 29)

Figure 10: Family picking cherries on one of the many orchards in the Mission Peninsula area, Courtesy of CLH, (Hoyt, 2004, 81)

They saw the need to build a lighthouse providing a beacon of light to assist the mariners through the sometimes-dangerous shallow, rocky waters. They responded by appropriating $6,000 to mark the end of the Peninsula and build the first lighthouse, which is now known as Mission Point Lighthouse. Unfortunately, the building site was not selected until 1869 due to the advent of the civil war.

In September 1870 the wood-framed, one and one-half story structure schoolhouse was completed with a square tower rising from the lakeward end. Its black cast iron parapet housed a 5th Order Fresnel. “The structure’s location on a sand bank fourteen feet above the water’s surface provided the lens with focal plane of 47 feet, and was visible from a distance of 13 miles at sea.” (www.terrypepper.com) From this time forward it was active and shining brightly until it was decommissioned in 1933.

Figure 11: Rear of the station showing the privy and work shed, (www.terrypepper.com)

Upon completion of the kerosene lanterns, Jerome M. Pratt Senior was selected as First Mission Point Lighthouse Keeper. Records show he had served as keeper at Skillagalee lighthouse before. On the eve of September 10, 1870 he officially lit the lamp and served until being removed from duty on January 30, 1877. “It is believed he was removed for political reasons. A letter dated March 8, 1878 sent to the Naval Secretary of Lighthouse Board by Henry Reynolds. The letter stated Pratt’s friends were considering “efforts for his reappointment” unless a cause was made known. No known response to Henry Reynolds was ever documented.” (Johnson & Staley, 2011, 11)

The lighthouse shows history of six more Lighthouse keepers serving duty. The second was John M. McHarry previously serving as Keeper at the Waugoshannce Shoal Lighthouse. He was transferred to Mission Point Lighthouse by appointment effective April 1, 1877. Research shows little evidence of his duties other than annual repairs and maintenance up to 1880. “The August 4, 1881 issue of Grand Traverse Herald reported McHarry’s demise as drowning on August 1, 1881.” (Johnson & Staley, 2011, 17)

After the death of John McHarry the details are unclear on who took care of the Mission Point Light during the two weeks to follow. However, records show John W. Lane was selected and left the South Channel Range Lights. He became the Third Keeper on August 16, 1881 with his wife Sarah as Assistant Keeper. Later on John became ill and resigned on December 12, 1906. Lane died at the Rushmore/Dougherty house the same day. Three months after his death Sarah Lane took her oath of office as the Fourth Acting Assistant Lightkeeper on March 12, 1907. The exact date she left her duties are unknown.

Figure 12: Captain John Lane, (Johnson & Staley, 2011, 21) Courtesy of the Peter Dougherty Society

Figure 13: Sarah Lane, Courtesy of Peter Dougherty Society, (Johnson & Staley, 2011, 22)

Soon to follow serving at Mission Point Lighthouse in 1907 as the Fifth lightkeeper was James Davenport. He had been keeper at McGulpin’s Point Light until it was decommissioned on March 13, 1907. During this time he showed support to Sarah Lane in petition for the removal of a few buildings that she and her late husband John had provided. He carried out his duties as the lightkeeper until he retired at the end of World War I in 1918.

Figure 14: This 1916 postcard shows keeper James Davenport at his station, (www.terrypepper.com)

The Sixth Lightkeeper was accepted by William Franklin Green on November 1, 1918. He did not officially become the Keeper until February 1, 1919. Green and his family lived at the lighthouse until his transfer back to South Fox Island on June 27, 1924. He served another 16 years in the U.S. Lighthouse Service until his retirement.

Figure 15: William Franklin Green, (Johnson & Staley, 2011, 39) Courtesy of the Grand Traverse Lighthouse Museum

Figure 16: Mission Point Lighthouse, (Johnson & Staley, 2011, 32)

The final and Seventh Lightkeeper position was accepted by Emil Conrad Johnson on June 27, 1924. Two years later there was an outbreak of hemlock measuring worm, the Ellopia Fiscalleria that caused great destruction to the park trees. “In the fall of 1926 the U.S. Congress placed an advertisement for open logging bids. After no responses from the logging community, the Bureau issued a letter on June 30, 1927 to the Superintendent of Lighthouses stating that it no longer considers it advisable at this time to remove any timber from the Mission Point Lighthouse Reservation and that it be turned over as is to the state for a state park.” (Johnson & Staley, 2011, 45)

Figure 17: Emil Conrad Johnson, (Johnson & Staley, 2011, 44) Courtesy of the Grand Traverse Lighthouse Museum

In the next few years came more improvements in offshore construction and automated lighthouse illumination. Plans were put in place, which would eliminate the need for the Mission Point Light and to build the first offshore navigation aid to mark the shoal itself. This would eliminate the need to keep the lighthouse open. Thus, on June 30, 1933 the U.S. Lighthouse Service deemed it necessary to close the lighthouse and it was officially closed.

In 1938 the U.S. Congress installed the first automated offshore light marking the shoal as planned. “Today, a beacon located 2 ½ miles offshore from the Mission Point Lighthouse guides vessels into the West Arm of Grand Traverse Bay. The modern light has a signature of a white flash every six seconds.” (www.lightshousefriends.com) This new technology was much more reliable and cost effective.

The lighthouse sat vacant for many years. By the late 1940’s the lighthouse had deteriorated, was vandalized many times and the Fresnel Light was missing. “Finally after many years on January 30, 1948 the Peninsula Township residents purchased the lighthouse and outbuildings on 5.38 acres, from the Federal Government.” (Johnson & Staley, 2011, 48) “In 1992, the Mission Point Lighthouse was added to the Michigan Register for Historic Sites.” (Johnson & Staley, 2011, 49)

Today the Mission Point Lighthouse and Lighthouse Parks are restored and well preserved. They are used as a Public Museum and Park. In May 2011 the Mission Point Lighthouse acquired a 5th Order Fresnel Lens on loan from the Coast Guard which now sits on the second floor for guest to appreciate. It is well maintained by the Peninsula Township Park Commission. There are programs for the public to get involved with volunteering, keeper programs and research to keep this project alive and growing. Come see for yourself, take a tour and experience a bit of Maritime History.

Figure 18: 5th Order Fresnel Lens, (www.missionpointlighthouse.com)

Figure 19: Mission Point Lighthouse Tour, (www.missionpointlighthouse.com)

Figure 20: Mission Point Lighthouse Museum, (www.missionpointlighthouse.com)

TIME LINE TABLE 1: KEEPERS OF MISSION POINT LIGHT * Information compiled by Gay Lynn Hedges

POSITION NAME DATE SERVED

1st Keeper Jerome M. Pratt Sr. Sept 10, 1870 – Jan 30, 1877

2nd Keeper John M. McHarry April 1, 1877 – August 1, 1881

3rd Keeper John W. Lane August 16, 1881 – December 12, 1906

4th Keeper Sarah Lane December 13, 1906 – 1907

5th Keeper James Davenport 1907 – 1918

6th Keeper William Franklin Green November 1, 1918 – June 27, 1924

7th Keeper Emil Conrad Johnson June 27, 1924 – June 30, 1933 Figure 21: (Hedges, Gay Lynn) 2012

TIME LINE TABLE 2: KEEPERS OF MISSION POINT LIGHT * Information compiled by Phyllis L. Tag of Great Lakes Lighthouse

Figure 22: (www.terrypepper.com)

ORAL RESEARCH

Sonja Richards

I began my research by having a phone conversation with Sonja Richards who is the current Mission Point Lighthouse, Museum Manager. She gave me an overview of what the museum has to offer the general public including tours, pre-set guided field trips, special events, an educational resource activities packet, Gift Shop, 1958 Hessler Home and volunteer opportunities. The Mission Point Gift Shop offers a variety of souvenirs to be purchased such as books, great lakes shipwrecks and lighthouses maps, t-shirts and many other unique items. Most importantly, I learned that the Mission Point Lighthouse is registered as both a state and national historic site.

Terry Smith

Second, I scheduled a time to meet with Terry Smith a retired schoolteacher and Mission Point Lighthouse volunteer. During our meeting she highlighted a few of the educational benefits and learning opportunities offered by Mission Point Lighthouse Museum and Lighthouse Park. Terry brought me a copy of the Old Mission Lighthouse Educational Packet that she created. This program offers pre and post activities and meets the Michigan Curriculum for Kindergarten through 6th grade age children. These activities include the following: Historical tours of the Lighthouse and Hessler Log Cabin, Guided Hikes, Beach Walks, Rock Collections, Rock Identification, and Compass activities. “Another list found on the Mission Point Lighthouse website includes lessons plans, games, a vocabulary word list and recommended book list for teachers and students.” (www.missionpointlighthouse.com)

Kayteen Bolinger

My last meeting was with Kayteen Bolinger, a volunteer with the Lighthouse Keeper Program. She and her husband were volunteering and living in the Lighthouse for a three-week stay from out-of-state. The main duty of a Keeper is to meet and talk to visitors touring the Mission Point Museum and Lighthouse Park. They play a key role in helping to keep this piece of Michigan Maritime history alive. She directed me on how to begin my tour and showed me around the gift shop. I purchased two books she suggested.

2-DIMENSIONAL SURVEY METHODOLOGY DIARY

On June 12, 2012 Ian Cundy and myself traveled by car to the end of Old Mission Peninsula to Lighthouse Park arriving at Mission Point Lighthouse at 6:30pm. Health risk, safety procedures and important emergency numbers were discussed during our drive. The skies were clear and sunny. The conditions were a bit windy as northern head winds blew in off the coast. Ian and myself carried out a quick walk-around assessment of the site. There were no signs of safety risk on the property. A 2-dimensional survey was conducted including the following sections: 1) Plan 2) Execution and 3) Conclusion. I created a hand drawn preliminary assessment sketch of Mission Point Lighthouse, outbuildings, surrounding fence and gates. The following equipment was used: a digital tape, paper, pencil, clipboard and camera. I established the exterior corners as our control points of the building structures and fence. I was assisted by Ian whom held one end of the digital tape while I held the other and documented each finding. We measured corner point to corner point and recorded the length of each section of the exterior walls, fence and gates. These measurements were used to create a representation of the outbuildings’ exterior foundations. Other control points were measured from building to building to use as data to make a scaled site drawing to examine their proportions in comparison with each other. Digital photos were taken by Ian to be used a reference and inserted into my monograph.

Figure 23: G.L. Hedges entering into Lighthouse Park, (Cundy, Ian) 2012

Figure 24: G.L. Hedges touring The Hessler Log Home, (Cundy, Ian) 2012

Figure 25: The Hessler Log Home signage, (Cundy, Ian) 2012

Figure 26: G.L. Hedges watching for vessels, (Cundy, Ian) 2012

Figure 27: Old Mission Lighthouse signage, (Cundy, Ian) 2012

Figure 28: Northwest view, Mission Point Lighthouse, (Cundy, Ian) 2012

Figure 29: Southwest view, Mission Point Lighthouse, (Cundy, Ian) 2012

Figure 30: G.L. Hedges recording digital tape data, (Cundy, Ian) 2012

Figure 31: G.L. Hedges recording digital tape data, (Cundy, Ian) 2012

Figure 32: G.L. Hedges recording digital tape data, (Cundy, Ian) 2012

Figure 33: G.L. Hedges recording digital tape data, (Cundy, Ian) 2012

PRODUCTS DEVELOPED/ SITE ANALYSIS

The following products were developed.

A CAD drawing site plan was created of the Mission Point Lighthouse including the outbuildings, fence and gates.

Publication of Mission Point Lighthouse monograph by the (NAS) Nautical Archaeology Society.

CAD Site Plan

Figure 34: CAD Site Plan, (Mansfield, Doug) 2012

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

The conclusion of my historical research of the Mission Point Lighthouse Keepers was quite surprising to me and not what I expected. It is inconclusive in regard to documenting the exact answers to my primary research question. Therefore, I submit my research project as only a small piece in a larger picture of reported evidence. In comparing several resources, I found inconsistent and conflicting names and dates of the seven lighthouse keepers reported by other authors. My monograph includes two Time Line Tables showing comparisons of conflicting evidence created by myself and by Phyllis L. Tag. I look forward to getting my monograph published by the (NAS) Nautical Archaeology Society and posted on their website. www.nasnmc.com This fall, I will present my Mission Point Lighthouse monograph at the Northwestern Michigan Archaeology Society Underwater Summit Conference in October of 2012.

FUTURE RESEARCH

This project was a great learning experience. I am happy to have a better understanding of surveying methodologies and our local maritime history. I now have more of an appreciation and desire to learn more about material remains reflecting the human past of others.

It would be nice to continue research data reflecting the names and dates of the seven Mission Point Lighthouse Keepers in the future. This would allow me to collect more evidence and create other timelines for comparison. This future research is merely time consuming and takes very little money. There are many available resources free of charge through public libraries, websites, and historical societies.

Supplementary lesson plans and activities may be added to the Educational Packet and used in the elementary classroom. I look forward to sharing my knowledge of the Mission Point Lighthouse and Lighthouse Park with children, friends and family. I feel it is important to show continued support for the Mission Point Lighthouse and preserve this state and national historical site.

Mission Point Lighthouse Educational Packet Provided by: Terry Smith (www.missionpointlighthouse.com)

Bibliography

Bolinger, Kayteen, 2012 Personal Communication

Cundy, Ian, 2012 Amateur Photographs

Flees, Ashley, 2012 Scanning & Editing Services

Hoyt, Susan Roark, 2004 Images of America, Lighthouses of Northwest Michigan

Johnson, Laura & Staley, Stefanie, 2011 Mission Point Lighthouse

Mansfield, Doug, 2012 Personal Communication, Cad Site Plan

Richards, Sonja, 2012 Personal Communication

Roberts, Bruce & Jones, Ray, 2005 Lighthouses of Michigan

Smith, Terry, 2012 Personal Communication, Mission Point Lighthouse Educational Packet

Wright, Larry & Patricia, 2006 Great Lakes Lighthouses Encyclopedia www.google.com 2012 www.lighthousefriends.com 2012 www.missionpointlighthouse.com 2012 www.peninsulatownship.com 2012 www.photography-plus.com 2012 www.terrypepper.com 2012

Index to Appendix

Appendix A: Hessler Log Home

Appendix B: Hessler Log Home

Appendix C: Hessler Log Home

Appendix D: Hessler Log Home

Appendix E: Beacon

Appendix F: South view outbuilding

Appendix G: Preservation signage

Appendix H: Newspaper archive

Appendix I: East view

Appendix J: East view

Appendix K: Outbuilding

Appendix L: Outbuilding

Appendix M: Outbuilding

Appendix N: Outbuilding

Appendix O: Site sketch

Appendix P: Site sketch

Appendix

Appendix A: Hessler Log Home Appendix B: Hessler Log Home

Appendix C: Hessler Log Home Appendix D: Hessler Log Home

Appendix E: Beacon Appendix F: South view outbuilding

Appendix G: Preservation signage Appendix H: Newspaper archive

Appendix I: East view Appendix J: East view

Appendix K: Outbuilding Appendix L: Outbuilding

Appendix M: Outbuilding Appendix N: Outbuilding

Appendix O: Site sketch

Appendix P: Site sketch