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The Foreign Service Journal, July-August 2008.Pdf A TIRELESS “AFSA-CATE” I HONORING JOHN PATON DAVIES I PRAGUE, 1968 AFSA AWARD WINNERS INSIDE! $3.50 / JULY-AUGUST 2008 OREIGN ERVICE FJ O U R N A L S THE MAGAZINE FOR FOREIGN AFFAIRS PROFESSIONALS OPERATION AFGHANISTAN The Other War Wears On OREIGN ERVICE FJ O U R N A L S CONTENTS July-August 2008 Volume 85, No. 7-8 P ROFILE A TIRELESS ADVOCATE FOR THE FOREIGN SERVICE: THOMAS D. BOYATT / 13 Last month AFSA recognized the retired ambassador’s many contributions to American diplomacy and his lifetime of public service. By Steven Alan Honley F OCUS ON Afghanistan SALVAGING THE AFGHANISTAN VENTURE / 23 To recover its investment in stabilizing Afghanistan, Washington must focus on fostering effective governance. Cover and inside illustration by By Edmund McWilliams Nenad Jakesevic PRTSINAFGHANISTAN: A REPORT FROM THE INSIDE / 31 The challenges for American policy in Afghanistan, where the Provincial Reconstruction Team concept was born, PRESIDENT’S VIEWS / 5 remain formidable. Work Requirements By Bruce Rogers, Jim Hope and Robert Kemp By John K. Naland NATO AND AFGHANISTAN: MADE FOR EACH OTHER? / 36 The Afghanistan theater of operations is proving REFLECTIONS / 92 to be a critical test of NATO’s capacities. On a Hilltop in Venezuela By William Maley By Amanda Eckerson THE PAKISTAN PIECE OF THE PUZZLE / 41 Afghanistan’s contentious relationship with its next-door neighbor is a critical element in its continuing troubles. LETTERS / 6 By Frederic Grare CYBERNOTES / 10 FS HERITAGE MARKETPLACE / 11 “GRACE UNDER PRESSURE:” JOHN PATON DAVIES / 46 BOOKS / 75 Two threats a decade apart — one physical, the other political — IN MEMORY / 78 severely tested China hand John Davies. By Bob Rackmales INDEX TO ADVERTISERS / 90 F EATURE SPRING IN PRAGUE — 40 YEARS AGO / 53 An eyewitness to the short-lived Czechoslovak reform movement’s tragic denouement in August 1968 assesses its legacy. By Kenneth N. Skoug JULY-AUGUST 2008/FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL 3 OREIGN ERVICE CONTENTS FJ O U R N A L S EWS Editor AFSA N STEVEN ALAN HONLEY Senior Editor SUSAN B. MAITRA DISSENTERS HONORED WITH AFSA AWARDS / 59 Associate Editor SHAWN DORMAN DISSENT AWARDS TURN 40: TELLING TRUTH TO POWER / 59 Ad & Cirulation Manager ED MILTENBERGER BRIEFS: AGGELER’S LIFE IN THE FOREIGN SERVICE / 60 Business Manager VP STATE: OPEN SEASON FOR CHEAP SHOTS / 61 ALICIA J. CAMPI Art Director HERTER AWARD: AMBASSADOR JEFFREY FELTMAN / 63 CARYN SUKO SMITH Editorial Intern RIVKIN AWARD: RACHEL SCHNELLER / 64 ARIANA AUSTIN HARRIMAN AWARD: LUKE ZAHNER / 65 Advertising Intern JOSEPH F. M ALEFATTO POST REP OF THE YEAR: JULIE EADEH / 66 EDITORIAL BOARD GUESS AWARD: CRAIG GERARD / 66 TED WILKINSON DELAVAN AWARD: VIRGINIA GREGORY / 67 Chairman BOHLEN AWARD: VICTOR WILLIAMS / 67 JOSEPH BRUNS STEPHEN W. BUCK AFSA 2008 MERIT SCHOLARS / 68 JULIE GIANELLONI CONNOR JIM DEHART WINNING MERIT SCHOLARSHIP ESSAY / 70 JEFF GIAUQUE AFSA ISSUE BRIEF: FS RESOURCE NEEDS / 71 GEORGE JONES LAURIE KASSMAN CLASSIFIEDS / 72 YVETTE N. MALCIOLN DAVID MCFARLAND AL PESSIN THE MAGAZINE FOR FOREIGN AFFAIRS PROFESSIONALS Foreign Service Journal (ISSN 0146-3543), 2101 E Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20037-2990 is published monthly with a combined July-August issue by the American Foreign Service Associa- tion (AFSA), a private, nonprofit organization. Material appearing herein represents the opin- ions of the writers and does not necessarily rep- resent the views of the Journal, the Editorial Board or AFSA. Writer queries and submissions are invited, preferably by e-mail. Journal sub- scription: AFSA members – $13 included in annual dues; others – $40. For foreign surface mail, add $18 per year; foreign airmail, $36 per year. Periodical postage paid at Washington, D.C., and at additional mailing offices. Indexed by Public Affairs Information Services (PAIS). The Journal is not responsible for unsolicited manuscripts, photos or illustrations. Advertising inquiries are invited. The appearance of adver- tisements herein does not imply the endorse- ment of the services or goods offered. TELEPHONE: (202) 338-4045 FAX: (202) 338-8244 or (202) 338-6820 E-MAIL: [email protected] WEB: www.afsa.org; www.fsjournal.org © American Foreign Service Association, 2008. Printed in the U.S.A. Send address changes to: AFSA Attn: Address Change 2101 E Street N.W. Washington DC 20037-2990 Printed on 50-percent recycled paper, of which 10 percent is post-consumer waste. 4 FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL/JULY-AUGUST 2008 PRESIDENT’S VIEWS Work Requirements BY JOHN K. NALAND The Secretary of State is the development assistance are dedicated inadequate time and energy president’s principal foreign poli- conducted? to preserving and strengthening it. cy adviser and is responsible for Of course, it is only fair to History will inevitably judge the cur- the formulation and execution of note that every secretary must rent and future holders of that position foreign policy. But does the delegate many management not only on their foreign policy accom- description of duties for the posi- tasks. It is also true that no sin- plishments, but also on their leadership tion also include a requirement gle individual has the ability to and management of the State Depart- to act as the leader and manager compel the White House and ment. Therefore, even if administration of the State Department? Congress to provide the resources to is not their favorite activity, Secretaries Two secretaries in recent decades meet the needs of diplomacy and devel- of State must make it a daily priority. definitely thought so. Among other opment assistance. Those who do not will be judged nega- achievements, George Shultz (1982- Nonetheless, the position of Secre- tively for that failure. 1989) invested much personal effort in tary of State is a uniquely powerful one In the past, such judgments have securing funding to build the Foreign from which to advocate for the depart- come, but only in whispered hallway Service Institute’s Arlington Hall cam- ment. When it comes to duties such as talk or in scholarly books published long pus and Colin Powell (2001-2005) lobbying for resources and other man- after the official left office. In the devoted considerable time and atten- agement needs, there are some meet- future, however, those assessments will tion to securing funding to increase ings, phone calls and letters that an come more quickly and be more widely Foreign Service staffing. agency head cannot delegate without disseminated. Journalists are growing In contrast, others have not been significantly weakening their impact. more savvy, paying attention not only to known for paying attention to manage- Thus, a deficit of top-level advocacy can international negotiations but also to ment issues. James Baker (1989-1992) damage the long-term prospects for underlying issues, such as budget and opened over a dozen new embassies in diplomatic engagement. staffing needs. Think-tanks and advoca- the former Soviet Union without seek- Diplomacy and development assis- cy groups are starting to issue more ing additional staffing from Congress. tance can suffer if staffing is too small to pointed analyses of the management of Warren Christopher (1993-1997) and accomplish the tasks demanded of it, if diplomacy and development assistance. Madeleine Albright (1997-2001) presid- embassies and consulates lack adequate And employees are speaking out more, ed over what is now universally seen as operating budgets, if Foreign Service as evidenced in AFSA’s continuing sur- an ill-advised downsizing of diplomatic members are unable to obtain needed veys of Foreign Service member views staffing that left a hollowed-out Foreign training, and if the uniformed military on key management issues. Service. ends up taking on civilian responsibilities So let the word go out that the work So the question remains: Is it possi- for which it is ill-suited. They can also requirements for the Secretary of State ble for a Secretary of State to be suffer if Foreign Service morale is erod- position have been updated. Just as uni- deemed successful if he or she focuses ed by growing financial disincentives and versity presidents are no longer just on policy issues while mostly ignoring worsening conditions of service. scholars, but are also expected to be the leadership and management of the Thus, the answer to our question is managers and fundraisers, Secretaries platform upon which diplomacy and clear: No Secretary of State can be of State can no longer just be foreign judged to have been successful if he or policy experts, but must also come pre- John K. Naland is the president of the she leaves behind a weakened diplo- pared to lead and manage. If they fail to American Foreign Service Association. matic infrastructure as a result of having do so, it will be noted. I JULY-AUGUST 2008/FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL 5 LETTERS Getting History Wrong ly come to our senses and amends are Smearing the China Hands I was astonished to read in the May sometimes made. AFSA did so in the Bob McMahan’s review of M. Journal that John Davies, John case of the China hands at a luncheon Stanton Evans’ latest book, Blacklisted Vincent and my father, John Service, at the State Department on Jan. 30, by History, employs smears worthy of were Soviet agents. That dubious 1973. My father was invited to speak Tail Gunner Joe himself. Yes, the assertion is contained in a review of M. on behalf of the honored FSOs. USSR had well-placed spies and the Stanton Evans’ book, Blacklisted by Historian Barbara Tuchman was the threat of Soviet expansionism was very History: The Untold Story of Sena- other speaker and titled her remarks real, but the defense of McCarthy, tor Joseph McCarthy and His Fight “Why Policymakers Do Not Listen.” who was censured by the U.S.
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