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Of Commemorativ Speeches o JX 1428 Czechoslovakia 72 - 161 F THE INVASION OF CZECHOSLOVAKIA, AUGUST 20, 1968 A Collection of Background Materials I ", and Samples of Congressional Statements 41,k and Speeches for Use in the Preparation of Commemorativ e Statements and WA Speeches f~ yt> M- / // S~ .45 k 'w Ar~ k Y ;/~ \~ A 3-7W 14,?,P v 1j J1 .5 7/ Of MAET CH ENKO 0 gn Arfai rs A riyst LIBRARY IUORN IA -in Affairs i vIsfI I UNIVERSITY OF CA SANTA BARB ARA Ju )NS DEPT. GOVT. PUBLICATION CRS-i TABLE OF CONTENTS Page THE INVASION, August 20, 1968--------------------------- 1 1. Czechoslovakia Invaded by Russians and Four Other Warsaw Pact Forces; Prague Urges People Not To Resist, New York Times, August 21, 1968------------- 2 2. Text of Prague Broadcast, New York Times, August 21, 1968------------------------------------------------- 4 3. Strength of Invasion Force Estimated at Ten Divisions, New York Times, August 23, 1968 ------------------- 5 4. Chronology of the Crisis, New York Times, August 25, 1968------------------------------------------------ 6 5. Moscow Said to Have Felt Dubcek Broke Vows, New York Times, August 24, 1968--------------------- 7 6. Czechoslovakia's Beginnings. and the Roots of Crisis, Washington Post, August 22, 1968------------ 8 II. WORLD REACTION---------------------------------------------- 11 I. World Reaction: Anguish, Demonstrations, and Anger, Washington Post, August 22, 1968-------------------- 12 2. Wave of Anger Sweeps World; Some Soviet Embassies Raided, New York Times, August 22, 1968------------- 14 3. Russians, Go Home! New York Times, August 22, 1968- 16 4. Bullying from Weakness, Christian Science Monitor, August 22, 1968------------------------------------- 17 III. THE CZECH INVASION AND THE UNITED NATIONS--------------- 18 1. Czech Delegate at UN Defends Course Followed by Reformers, New York Times, August 22, 1968---------- 19 2. Invasion Illegal, Hajek tells U.N., New York Times, August 25, 1968------------------------------------- 21 3. Czechs Dropping U.N. Debate Role, New York Times, August 27, 1968------------------------------------- 23 CRS-ii 0CONT ENTS Continued T ( Page IV. GENERAL OVERVIEW OF ThK I ATr N ----------------------- 24 1. A Savage Challenge to Detente, Time, August 30, 1968------------------------------------ 25 2. Czechoslovakia Invaded, Facts on File, August 22-28, 1968--------------------------------- 40 3. Thomas W. Wolfe, Soviet Power and Europe, 1945-1970. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press. 1970 pp. 369-385---------------------------------------- 46 4. Czech Editor Tells of Events Leading to Invasion, New York Times, August 28, 1968---------- 5. The Whys of Soviet Invasion, Washington Post, September 15, 1968--------------------------------- 65 V. SOVIET JUSTIFICATION OF TIE INVASION------------------- 67 1. Soviet Denies It Wol xi Sovereignty of the Czechs New York Times, September 27, 1968----------------- 68 2. Text of Pravda Article Justifying Invasion of Czechoslovakia, New York Times, September 27, 1968 70 VL. SAMPLES OF CONFESSIONAL STATEMENTS ANj SPEECHES COKMEMORATING T=E INVASION----------------------------- 73 CRS-i I. TIHE INVASION WI . e I- r - CRS-2 2 1 I- T T A -~~77 iL VI, iV, 7I 7G T17SISe, 7 _71r Warsowo -M. T OLANtXD NO FOREVARNIN, (IRMANvG LCsl;Ce0 0 rc00 OLrb- Lublir Broadcast Appeafs to - ,4oCrocc T~ Q Officials to Remain G ViF at Their Jobs oBud/pesL Text of the Prague broadcast UNGARY PAAN A ' appears on Page 14. o k Timj By TAD SZULC lt"I k Tinv-x AiI.2 llZ pre~.tiI!rt The New Yoi k Timoc Vt planes landed in Prague (cross). Ground forces PRGIWednesrav. c'e re ported crossing All; CzPChoslovak borders (heavy lines). 2 1 RA E ensly r-r-e --- Cc(eay -Troops of the SovicL Ur on, Poland, Ea; Germany, fur gary and Bulgaria began cross ing the -Czechoslovak fvontie early this morning while :,v( Reproduced with permission aircraft landed at the Pragu NewR eproduc York wTimes im e airport in a military mov against the liberal Comnmnis August 21, 1968 regime here. CRS-3 The Prague radio in an emei The nlewp'_pf .'id todas penry broadcast at 1:30 A.M fhat "the rngmem of tuidif Announced that Soirt irno Piavo resolutely oppises 1Is w're crossing the Czechosiova qi in h*iiracless provocalion, whicli orders and appealed to t[ iiri hrionie the pre \t for ; - Wncrins press cai in, n'pulation not to resist the ac iiIode Pr:1 5 a "iil iancv- ti:t "it is indli hitable that Thc residents of Prague cot inn is he unconcealed effo:I hear the a rcraf approactn 0i ntefrie with our internal Ruzine Airport. Telephone imev ,T'oadcast Exhorts Publc affa irs." Mr. 'estka, however, came abroad wcre immediately cu :o Remain Calm-Planes in(Ier a! ti k himself in I e The Prague radio abrupttls ver lieral we'-! ' leporr, \i h off the air shortly after 1:3 Land in the Capital in its Cruli 11 .o rerportd inii A. at it was in the iddl he had iii(I '(ltow,'n the l ito if an "appeal to the peopI 1lh,- ii:12a/ine isatd tat Ccntinued From Page 1, Col. Mr. Sve'.i 'has"' set up a SOI I of the Socmlist Republic c of internal 'tre which watched Czochoslovakia." M Duhcek's -hairmanship, pre S cr'vin'vtung i. oes into Hints of New Tension su'nahlv to discuss the new pIi lt." le- sions. The Soviet move 1h Rude Pravo Replies ca At a confidential meeting (Izlcoslovahs , -by surprise( Sa turday with five progressive A Rude Pravo's countr:at- alt thoughI all dayyesterday thrr inmbers 'of the Presidium. s1ck today included a fron- 'a:e article signed by Mr.; were indications of new wiy (7 choslovak editors were tokld extka, in effect defend ing the sions. Last evening the Presi i0. t a suessul party con- gr ss next month the conservative position. He wrote 11m of the Czechoslovak Corn wax most ur ;rnt priority in the country that uncss the Communis: munisi party met in cmergenc: in I that. therefore, their coop- narty regained its "antihurrau- Session but no communiqu c r. tion was needed. cratic" character and returned Was issued. to the aims of the workers the Internal Battle Continues new "demagogic slogans" could Al 2:45 A.M., as this dispatci nternalyl, however, the poli t turn against the party itself. .s being filed, the city ap . tug iif war between tile, In an alhision to the pr(- 'eared calm, though the ron ' ':rcs' r's and 'the conserva- 'cressives' efforts to oust con- 's continued. K aircraft and the broadcasl servaties from key johs, Mr. tde Pravo, the party's offi- ward by many, had awakened svestka wrote that democrat' organ, whose edior, Old- was not served "by making Ife he population. iich Svcstkm. is regarded as a iserabie for the honest off- The radio announcement sail: inig conservative , published Its and 'members who have the Soviet, Polish and 1Iast Gr re ii ti'tis tiday critical of discredited themselves. bW '1 1 Ir1,(11)'; began crwlOssiln, t i i Ill Poiicics.pe5' lining them away from politi- Onrdlrs at I1 o'clock last nijht at actisits'.'' ing politi-al "ensitiveness wyas IL had been estimated carhelt 1 A Sc' nd article took to an announcement by the For- kqkn a Weetvision commentator. hal 18 Soviet and 2 East Ger eign Ministry, published in Rude r Fantuick, for what it said oan divisions were massec Pravo and later distributed by, crc attempts to discredit Mi. the official press in'( July on the Czechosloval- agency, that, ' e'slka. Henry Kamm, a irders at the time of cop correspondent A third article charged that of The New York Times, "will "secrel. rorrmittee" had been !rontationat Cierna, in ea'aerr not he allowed to .return to 'dovakia, between the Pragul: ti t lck the pen- Czechoslovakia." pir's militia, a paramilitary or- md Moscow leadership. Mr. Kanim, who left Prague nanization wildly considered to The radio announcement ex- for the United States and a va- controlled by the conserva- ( ation Saturday, he horted the population to remnair was chargers The article referred criti-' h-" Rude Pravo with "slander- ives. alm and officials to remain ai cahly to the signing of petitions C information" and "fahrica- in Prague last week for the 'their jobs. ionns concerning its editorial aholition of the militia. Groups of people began ap. Stiff. nearing in streets after .3 A.M. Dispatches by Mr. Kann i)Ut in the center or Pragut published in The Times on Aug. 14 and 15 described a con- ilhere was still no sizht o01 tinning struggle between Mr. Soviet troops. $Sestka and the progressive Earlier Concern Expressed members of the staff. One dis' ptclh said that Yesterday Mr. Svestki. the Czechoslovah s'ho is a member of the party'.s erdriership was reported Ic Presidium, had curlled cover- hive been seriously cont Trmed dge of the vo oi earlier iis over renewed Soviet pr':- at. month by President Tito of ti'ks on the lherahi'n pio. Yugoslavia, who is a backer of ramn of Alex dcr Di) 'l<:tfihc the Dubcek faction 'fc'loSlovak party chief. Last night the party Pre. sidium met unexpectedly under CRS- 4 Text of Prague Broadcast W'ASHINGTON-FolldXwing is tie teAt of the Prugtc radio anilouncrment of a Soviet-hloc invaSion of Czccho- slovcdkir.. To the entire people of the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic: Ysterday,. on 20 August, around 2300 [11 P.M.], troops of the Soviet Union, Polish People's Republic, the G.D.R. [East Germany]. the Hungarian People's R-public and the Bulgarian People's Republic crossed the frontiers of the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic. This happened without the knowledge of the President of the Repuhlic, the Chairman of the National Assemhly, the Premier, or the Fir-t Secretary of the Czechoslovak Commu- nist party Central Committee.
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