特斯拉(Tsla.O)2019 年报点评 证券研究报告 2020 年 02 月 03 日

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特斯拉(Tsla.O)2019 年报点评 证券研究报告 2020 年 02 月 03 日 海外行业报告 | 行业专题研究 特斯拉(TSLA.O)2019 年报点评 证券研究报告 2020 年 02 月 03 日 作者 Model 3产销两旺助力千亿市值,国产替代机遇 邓学 分析师 SAC 执业证书编号:S1110518010001 事件:北京时间 1 月 30 日凌晨,特斯拉(TSLA.O)发布了 2019 年第四季 [email protected] 度财务报告:Q4 实现营业收入 73.8 亿美元,同比上升 2.2%;营业利润 3.6 亿美元,同比下降 13.2%;归母净利润 1.05 亿美元,同比下降 25%。全年 公司营业收入增长 14.5%至 245.8 亿美元,营业亏损为 6900 万美元,较上 年同期减少 3.2 亿美元。归母净亏损 8.6 亿美元,同比下降 11.7%。第四季 度自由现金流 10.1 亿美元,环比增长 173%。 点评: 四季度和全年毛利有所上升,汽车板块毛利率超预期。特斯拉 2019Q4 实 现毛利 13.91 亿美元,同比下降 3.6%,环比上升 16.79%,主要是汽车业务 毛利提升;全年毛利 40.69 亿美元,同比上升 0.67%。Q4 毛利率为 18.8%, 环比 Q3 有小幅下降,其中汽车业务毛利率在上海超级工厂投产增加折旧 和摊销的基础上,仍保持在 22.5%的高水平;全年毛利率 16.6%,同比下降 2.3%,汽车业务毛利率为 21.2%,同比下降 2.2%,主要受汽车租赁比重提高, Model 3 销量占比提高和 ASP 下调影响。 四季度销量创纪录,Model 3 热销,新订单占比高,展望 Model Y。根据 财报显示,特斯拉 2019Q4 实现交付 112,095 辆,同比上升 23.6%,其中 Model 3 为 92,620 辆,同比上升 46.7%,全球库存周转天数再创新低,仅 为 11 天;2019 全年交付量为 367,295 辆,同比上升 50.0%,其中 Model 3 交付创新高,同比增长 106.5%,2019 年多数订单为新买家,在未有广告费 用的前提下,预计 2020 年销量会在 Model Y 和上海超级工厂的推动下继 续上升;Model S 和 X 销量乏力,交付同比下降 32.9%,总交付达成全年 36 万最低交付目标。预计特斯拉 2020 年全球销量约为 50-60 万辆,2021 年约为 90 万辆。预计 2021 年,Model Y 交付 12.5 万,在手订单超 20 万 辆,交付提前,预计第三季度所有配置车型均可交付。 产能有望持续扩张,产能布局全球化拓展。美国 Fremont 工厂方面,目前 Model Y 处于产能爬坡阶段,预计 2020Q1 末开始交付。2020 年加州工厂, Model 3 和 Y 总年产能达到 40 万辆,后续产能将继续扩张,生产车间增加 额外设备,预计 2020 年中,达到 50 万年产能;上海工厂方面,随着零部 件国产化提升将会带来毛利率的改善,上海工厂产能有望大幅增长,Model 3 和电池组生产持续爬坡,二期工程已破土动工,鉴于 SUV 车型热销,未 来 Model Y 产能至少与 Model 3 持平,Model Y 生产进度提前,产能爬坡 开始于 2020 年 1 月;柏林-勃兰登堡工厂已经进入准备阶段,第一批车辆 交付预计在 2021 年开始。 储能业务需求强劲,全年装机量再创新高,同比增长 58.8%。在光伏和储 能业务方面,2019Q4 特斯拉的光伏发电装机量为 54MW,环比上升 25.6%; 储能装机量达到历史新高 530MWh,同比上升 135.6%,环比上升 11.1%。 2019 全年储能装机量 1.65GWh,超过其他年份的总和,预计 2020 年光伏 和储能业务继续保持快速增长,装机量同比上升超 50%。 自动驾驶性能提升,Model Y EPA 里程极值达 500 公里。据最新视频显示, 目前车辆搭载的 FSD 已可判断交通路口信号灯的颜色,视觉识别范围进一 步扩大,覆盖地面湿滑状况,天气状况及分别车道。 汽车软件持续升级,未来贡献收益,智能终端凸显。9.99 美元/月(含税) 汽车软件高级连接服务,在美国市场 2019Q4 首次推出。该功能旨在让车 主通过嵌入式终端听音乐、上网等。同时,在 app 中可购买不同的软件升 级,例如 Autopilot, FSD, acceleration boost 等其他高级功能。 零部件国产化率提升,带来供应链投资机遇。2019 年 12 月 30 日,特斯拉 请务必阅读正文之后的信息披露和免责申明 1 海外行业报告 | 行业专题研究 高层在国产 Model 3 交付仪式上表示,目前下线车辆的零部件国产化率达 到 30%,明年年中可达 80%,年底实现全国产化。推荐:常熟汽饰、宁波华 翔、宁德时代(机械团队覆盖)、科达利(电新团队覆盖)、旭升股份、拓 普集团、岱美股份。 特斯拉官宣与 CATL 和 LG 合作,动力电池国产供应链受益。特斯拉单车价 值量拆分,电池系统占比最大,约 32%。电芯主要厂商宁德时代和 LG 成为公 司在动力电池领域的新合作伙伴,双双受益,LG、【宁德时代】引领全球 动力电池核心技术及其产业链,建议重点关注。 风险提示:经济持续低迷;强有力的竞争对手;需求不及预期。 内容目录 1. 相关图表 ......................................................................................................................................... 3 2. 特斯拉电话会议纪要 .................................................................................................................... 8 图表目录 图 1:特斯拉 15 年至 19 年单季度营业收入及同比(百万美元 %) ........................................... 3 图 2:特斯拉 15 年至 19 年单季度营业成本及同比(百万美元 %) ........................................... 3 图 3:特斯拉 15 年至 19 年单季度毛利及同比(百万美元 %) .................................................... 4 图 4:特斯拉 15 年至 19 年单季度净利润及同比(百万美元 %)................................................ 4 图 5:特斯拉 15 年至 19 年单季度毛利率,净利率 (%) ............................................................. 4 图 6:特斯拉 15 年至 19 年单季度销量 (辆) .................................................................................. 5 图 7:特斯拉 13 年至 19 年单季度自由现金流和交付量 (十亿美元 辆) ............................. 5 图 8:特斯拉 15 年至 19 年单季度分车型交付量 (辆) ................................................................ 5 图 9:特斯拉 15 年至 19 年单季度销售,行政及一般费用 (百万美元 %) ........................... 6 图 10:特斯拉 15 年至 19 年单季度研发费用 (百万美元 %) .................................................... 6 图 11:特斯拉 16 年至 19 年单季度储能及光伏装机量 (MWh MW) .................................... 6 图 12:特斯拉 18 第四季度至 19 年单季度存货周转天数 (天) ............................................... 7 图 13:特斯拉 Model 3 国产供应链一览 ................................................................................................ 7 图 14:特斯拉 Model 3 价值量拆分.......................................................................................................... 7 请务必阅读正文之后的信息披露和免责申明 2 海外行业报告 | 行业专题研究 1. 相关图表 图 1:特斯拉 15 年至 19 年单季度营业收入及同比(百万美元 %) 8,000 145.4% 160% 135.1% 128.6% 7,000 119.6% 119.7% 140% 6,000 120% 5,000 88.1% 100% 4,000 80% 58.7% 51.5% 3,000 43.9% 43.5% 60% 33.0% 29.9% 33.2% 2,000 24.1% 26.9%22.0% 26.4% 40% 10.0% 1,000 2.2% 20% -7.6% 0 0% -1,000 -20% 2015Q1 2015Q3 2016Q1 2016Q3 2017Q1 2017Q3 2018Q1 2018Q3 2019Q1 2019Q3 营业总收入(百万美元,LHS) 营业总收入同比(%,RHS) 资料来源:公司公告,天风证券研究所 图 2:特斯拉 15 年至 19 年单季度营业成本及同比(百万美元 %) 7,000 140% 135.6% 126.7% 113.3% 6,000 109.1% 120% 102.9% 5,000 85.7% 100% 4,000 80% 59.4% 60.5% 52.6%54.1% 3,000 60% 46.1% 43.3% 45.5% 33.3% 34.2% 34.7% 2,000 31.6% 40% 17.6% 1,000 20% 3.6% -3.6% 0 0% -1,000 -20% 2015Q1 2015Q3 2016Q1 2016Q3 2017Q1 2017Q3 2018Q1 2018Q3 2019Q1 2019Q3 营业总成本(百万美元,LHS) 营业总成本同比(%,RHS) 资料来源:公司公告,天风证券研究所 请务必阅读正文之后的信息披露和免责申明 3 海外行业报告 | 行业专题研究 图 3:特斯拉 15 年至 19 年单季度毛利及同比(百万美元 %) 2,000 250% 239.2% 228.8% 1,600 175.1% 164.6% 200% 142.6% 1,200 150% 99.2% 800 67.7% 100% 48.8% 400 28.8% 23.9% 50% 0.2% -2.9% 0.8% -3.6% -8.1%-16.5% -7.2% 0 -29.5% -31.7% 0% -400 -21.8% -50% 2015Q1 2015Q3 2016Q1 2016Q3 2017Q1 2017Q3 2018Q1 2018Q3 2019Q1 2019Q3 毛利(百万美元,LHS) 毛利同比(%,RHS) 资料来源:公司公告,天风证券研究所 图 4:特斯拉 15 年至 19 年单季度净利润及同比(百万美元 %) 400 1000% 200 109.5% 137.9%127.3% 500% -59.1% 31.5%-40.7%-36.9% 14.9%47.6%-41.1%-37.2% -209.6%-197.6%-207.7%-197.7%-83.1% -97.5%-85.0% 0 -251.2% 0% -200 -500% -400 -1000% -600 -1500% -800 -2000% -1,000 -2500% -1,200 -3000% -3167.8% -1,400 -3500% 2015Q1 2015Q3 2016Q1 2016Q3 2017Q1 2017Q3 2018Q1 2018Q3 2019Q1 2019Q3 净利润(百万美元,LHS) 净利润同比(%,RHS) 资料来源:公司公告、天风证券研究所 图 5:特斯拉 15 年至 19 年单季度毛利率,净利率 (%) 40% 29.3% 29.4% 27.9% 26.3% 27.4% 25.8% 30% 24.1% 24.0% 23.1% 24.3% 22.8% 22.6% 20.6% 22.5% 19.7% 18.3% 18.9% 19.7% 20.2% 18.9% 27.7% 27.7% 20% 24.7% 24.8% 23.9% 22.3% 22.0% 21.6% 22.3% 18.0% 19.1% 20.0% 18.9% 18.8% 10% 15.0% 15.5% 3.7% 2.9% 14.5% 1.0% 13.3% 13.4% 12.5% 2.4% 1.8% 0% -6.1% -9.6% -10% -16.4% -14.7%-14.4% -14.7% -19.3% -18.6% -23.1% -22.5%-23.4%-23.0% -20% -24.5%-26.4%-24.6% -30% 2015Q1 2015Q3 2016Q1 2016Q3 2017Q1 2017Q3 2018Q1 2018Q3 2019Q1 2019Q3 汽车业务毛利率(%) 毛利率(%) 净利率(%) 请务必阅读正文之后的信息披露和免责申明 4 海外行业报告 | 行业专题研究 资料来源:公司公告、天风证券研究所 图 6:特斯拉 15 年至 19 年单季度销量 (辆) 120000 250% 220% 100000 204% 200% 80000 150% 60000 134% 112% 110% 100% 40000 85% 77% 69% 55%52%49% 48% 53% 50% 20000 35% 25% 28% 20% 16%24% 0 7% 0% 2014Q1 2014Q3 2015Q1 2015Q3 2016Q1 2016Q3 2017Q1 2017Q3 2018Q1 2018Q3 2019Q1 2019Q3 销量 同比 资料来源:公司公告、天风证券研究所 图 7:特斯拉 13 年至 19 年单季度自由现金流和交付量 (十亿美元 辆) 120,000 2000 1500 100,000 1000 80,000 500 60,000 0 -500 40,000 -1000 20,000 -1500 0 -2000 2015Q1 2015Q3 2016Q1 2016Q3 2017Q1 2017Q3 2018Q1 2018Q3 2019Q1 2019Q3 自由现金流(百万美元,RHS) 经营性现金流(百万美元,RHS) 总销量(辆,LHS) 资料来源:公司财报、天风证券研究所 图 8:特斯拉 15 年至 19 年单季度分车型交付量 (辆) 120000 100000 80000 60000 40000 20000 0 2015Q1 2015Q3 2016Q1 2016Q3 2017Q1 2017Q3 2018Q1 2018Q3 2019Q1 2019Q3 Model 3交付量(辆) Model S&X交付量(辆) 总交付量(辆) 资料来源:公司公告、天风证券研究所 请务必阅读正文之后的信息披露和免责申明 5 海外行业报告 | 行业专题研究 图 9:特斯拉 15 年至 19 年单季度销售,行政及一般费用 (百万美元 %) 1,000 100% 800 80% 600 60% 400 40% 200 20% 0 0% -200 -20% 2015Q1 2015Q3 2016Q1 2016Q3 2017Q1 2017Q3 2018Q1 2018Q3 2019Q1 2019Q3 销售、行政及一般费用(百万美元,LHS) QoQ(%,RHS) YoY(%,RHS) 资料来源:公司公告、天风证券研究所 图 10:特斯拉 15 年至 19 年单季度研发费用 (百万美元 %) 420 120% 350 100% 280 80% 210 60% 140 40% 70 20% 0 0% -70 -20% 2015Q1 2015Q3 2016Q1 2016Q3 2017Q1 2017Q3 2018Q1 2018Q3 2019Q1 2019Q3 研发费用(百万美元,LHS) QoQ(%,RHS) YoY(%,RHS) 资料来源:公司公告、天风证券研究所 图 11:特斯拉 16 年至 19 年单季度储能及光伏装机量 (MWh MW) 600 240 500 200 400 160 300 120 200 80 100 40 0 0 2016Q4 2017Q1 2017Q2 2017Q3 2017Q4 2018Q1 2018Q2 2018Q3 2018Q4 2019Q1 2019Q2 2019Q3 2019Q4 储能装机量(MWh,LHS) 光伏装机(MW,RHS) 资料来源:公司公告、天风证券研究所 请务必阅读正文之后的信息披露和免责申明 6 海外行业报告 | 行业专题研究 图 12:特斯拉 18 第四季度至 19 年单季度存货周转天数 (天) 35 30 30 25 19 18 20 17 15 11 10 5 0 2018Q4 2019Q1 2019Q2 2019Q3 2019Q4 资料来源:公司公告、天风证券研究所 图 13:特斯拉 Model 3 国产供应链一览 资料来源:公司公告 天风证券研究所 图 14:特斯拉 Model 3 价值量拆分 请务必阅读正文之后的信息披露和免责申明 7 海外行业报告 | 行业专题研究 资料来源:公司公告、天风证券研究所 2. 特斯拉电话会议纪要 特斯拉电话会议概要: 现金 • 第四季度现金及现金等价物为 63 亿美元,增长 9.3 亿美元 • 第四季度减去资本支出后的运营现金流(自由现金流)达 10 亿美元 利润 • 第四季度 GAAP 运营收益为 3.59 亿美元,营业毛利率为 4.9% • GAAP 净收益为 1.05 亿美元,非 GAAP 净收益(不包括股权激励费用)为 3.86 亿美元 运营 •团队对未来 10 年充满兴奋。回顾从 2010 年到今天的 10 年,汽车产量约比 2010 年的产量增加了 1,000 倍, 周产能达到 8,000 辆。 太阳能屋顶,Powerwall 和 Powerpack 等产品。 • Model Y 生产进度提前,产能爬坡开始于 2020 年 1 月,预计毛利高于 Model 3。 • Model Y 全轮驱动 EPA 里程由 280 英里提高至 315 英里 • 第四季度车辆交付量创纪录,达到 112,095 辆 • 第四季度储能产品装机量创纪录,达 530MWh,太阳能业务环比增长 26% 要点总结:团队对未来十年充满信心。 1)四季度和全年毛利有所上升,汽车板块毛利率超预期。 2)四季度销量创纪录,Model 3 热销,新订单占比高,展望 Model Y。Model Y 交付提前,预计第三季度所有 配置车型均可交付。 3)产能有望持续扩张,产能布局全球化拓展。 4)储能业务需求强劲,全年装机量再创新高,同比增长 58.8%。 5)自动驾驶性能持续提升,Model Y 续航里程极值突破 500 公里。 6)零部件国产化率提升,带来供应链投资机遇。 7)特斯拉官宣与 CATL 和 LG 合作。 8)上海工厂:产能持续爬坡,冠状病毒早期影响中,还在监测这一事件对供应链及利润率影响。 9)保险业务会持续持续增长,目前在加州可用,基于 Autopilot,预计每个用户会付出 100-200 美金。 特斯拉电话会议详细纪要内容: 2019Q4 整体经营情况总结 伊隆·马斯克 Elon Musk (特斯拉 CEO) 第四季度对该公司来说极为强劲。单季度交付量超过 112,000 辆。很难想到需求量如此之⼤的同类产品,其⼴ 告支出为零,并产⽣超过 200 亿美元的收⼊。拥有世界上需求最⾼的电动汽车却没有⼴告支出是我的不凡之处, 请务必阅读正文之后的信息披露和免责申明 8 海外行业报告 | 行业专题研究 并说明了产品的本质和产品本身具有⾜够的吸引⼒,⾜以在没有⼤量⼴告的情况下产⽣这种需求。 So Q4 was another strong quarter for the company.
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