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Intelligence in Mobile Battery Applications Desk Research Report ~~~ Deliverable D5.1 Desk Research & Data Analysis IMBA – Release 1

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Intelligence in Mobile Battery Applications Desk Research Report ~~~ Deliverable D5.1 Desk Research & Data Analysis IMBA – Release 1 Alliance for Batteries Technology, Training and Skills 2019-2023 Intelligence in Mobile Battery Applications Desk Research Report ~~~ Deliverable D5.1 Desk Research & Data Analysis IMBA – Release 1 The European Commission support for the production of this publication under the Grant Agreement Nº 2019-612675 does not constitute an endorsement of the contents which reflects the views only of the authors, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein. D5.1 Intelligence in Mobile Battery Applications (D5.1 Desk Report Title: Research & Data Analysis IMBA – Release 1) WP5 and other partners: AIA, Merinova, ACEA, APIA, Corvus, Author(s): EFACEC, FEUP, HE3DA, Northvolt, Realizeit, SKEA, SPIN360, VSB-TUO AIA, Merinova, ACEA, APIA, AIA (Czech Contributing Corvus, EFACEC, Responsible Automotive Industry Project FEUP, HE3DA, Project Partner: Association) Partners: Northvolt, Realizeit, SKEA, SPIN360, VSB- TUO File Intelligence in Mobile Battery Applications (D5.1 Desk name: Research & Data Analysis IMBA – Release 1) Document No. of Pages: 236 0 data: annexes: Dissemination Status: Final Public level: ALBATTS (Alliance for Batteries, Project title: GA No.: 2019-612675 Training and Skills) 612675-EPP- 1-2019-1-SE- Project No.: WP5 - Intelligence in Mobile EPPKA2-SSA- WP title: Applications B Deliverable D5.1 No: Due Submission Date: 31. 8. 2020 31. 8. 2020 date: date: Battery value chain, EU, battery technologies, job roles, skills, Keywords: electric passenger cars, electric vessels Václav Janda, ACEA Review date: 30. 8. 2020 Reviewed by: Review date: Approval Approved by: Zdeněk Petzl, AIA 31. 8. 2020 date: The European Commission support for the production of this publication under1 the Grant Agreement Nº 2019-612675 does not constitute an endorsement of the contents which reflects the views only of the authors, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for 1 any use which may be made of the information contained therein. D5.1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Contents ......................................................................................................................... 2 Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 3 List of Abbreviations ..................................................................................................................... 4 1 Methodology ....................................................................................................................... 7 1.1 Preview of the Methodology ................................................................................................. 7 1.2 Scope ....................................................................................................................................... 8 1.3 Defined Battery Value Chain ................................................................................................. 10 1.4 Topics of Sectoral Intelligence ............................................................................................... 11 1.5 Desk Research Excel File ........................................................................................................ 13 1.6 Goals ...................................................................................................................................... 14 2 Overview of the subsector ............................................................................................... 15 2.1 Drivers of change ................................................................................................................... 15 2.2 Stakeholders .......................................................................................................................... 31 2.3 Technologies .......................................................................................................................... 55 2.4 Job, Rolles and Skills .............................................................................................................. 61 2.5 Education ............................................................................................................................... 67 3 Value chain ....................................................................................................................... 68 3.1 Raw Materials and Processing ............................................................................................... 68 3.2 Compontents and cell manufacturing ................................................................................... 87 3.3 Module and Pack Manufacturing ........................................................................................ 111 3.4 Battery Integration .............................................................................................................. 115 3.5 Operation, Repair and Maintenance ................................................................................... 132 3.6 Second Life.......................................................................................................................... 176 3.7 Recycling .............................................................................................................................. 196 4 Training & Education Methods and Approaches .......................................................... 228 4.1 Education Offerings ............................................................................................................. 233 The European Commission support for the production of this publication under2 the Grant Agreement Nº 2019-612675 does not constitute an endorsement of the contents which reflects the views only of the authors, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for 2 any use which may be made of the information contained therein. D5.1 INTRODUCTION The first iteration of the report Intelligence in Mobile Battery Applications mostly covers state of the art of the traction battery use in the automotive sector with the focus on passenger cars, particularly on Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs) and Plug-in Hybrid vehicles (PHEVs). Driven mainly by the EU CO2 emission legislation, sales volumes of these vehicles are expected to boom. They require a significant battery capacity and thus have the biggest importance and the highest economic potential for Europe. Lithium-ion battery technology is currently the mainstream technology used in these vehicle types. The report also covers battery use in vessels, where a very interesting emission reduction potential can be exploited, and specific know-how of partners associated in the project (Corvus) used. In the following versions of the report, the information gathered will be deepened and focused based on the received feedback and further analysis. The intention of the authors is also to extend the scope of the next report iterations to e.g. vans, heavy duty vehicles and other mobile battery applications, such as rail, aviation, non-road machinery or devices for city/ micro mobility - electric bikes, scooters, one/two wheelers. Emerging concepts concerning battery technology and relevant impact on job roles, skills and qualifications will also be explored in the following deliverables in more detail. The authors of the report are aware of its limitations when it comes to scope and content. Some chapters provide very detailed technical information, while other provide more general overview. Following the feedback received, these issues will be addressed through further desk research activities as well as via workshops and surveys with the focus on identification of skills and competences needed in the future. The European Commission support for the production of this publication under3 the Grant Agreement Nº 2019-612675 does not constitute an endorsement of the contents which reflects the views only of the authors, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for 3 any use which may be made of the information contained therein. D5.1 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AC … Alternating current ACEA … European Automobile Manufacturers' Association Ah/kg … Ampere-hour per kilogram ALBATTS … Alliance for Batteries Technology, Training and Skills B2G … Battery to Grid BEV … Battery electric vehicle BMS … Battery management system CAGR … Compound annual growth rate CAN … Controller area network CNG … Compressed natural gas CO … Carbon monoxide CO2 … Carbon dioxide DC … Direct current DEG … Digitally Enabled Grid ECU … Electronic Control Unit EEA ... European Economic Area EGD … European Green Deal EIB … European Investment Bank ELV … End of Life Vehicles EoL … End of Life EPC … Engineering, Procurement and Construction EPR … Extended Producer Responsibility EQF … European Qualifications Framework ESCO … European Skills/Competences, Qualifications and Occupations ESOI … European Society of Oncologic Imaging ESS … Energy Storage Systems EV … Electric vehicle FCEV … Fuel cell electric vehicle GDP … Gross Domestic Product GHG … Greenhouse gas The European Commission support for the production of this publication under4 the Grant Agreement Nº 2019-612675 does not constitute an endorsement of the contents which reflects the views only of the authors, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for 4 any use which may be made of the information contained therein. D5.1 GPS … Global positioning system GST … Grid Storage Technologies HEV … Hybrid electric vehicle ICE … Internal combustion engine ICT … Information and Communication
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