The Electric Drive Continues Hev Tcp Annual Report 2021
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THE ELECTRIC DRIVE CONTINUES HEV TCP ANNUAL REPORT 2021 This is the 2021 Annual report for the HEV TCP – an international collaboration of 18 countries exploring cutting-edge questions in hybrid and electric vehicles. This report sets out the background to the partnership, gives updates on ongoing projects and on member countries’ work, and gives a set of contact details for more information. Implementing Agreement for Co-operation on Hybrid and Electric Vehicle Technologies and Programmes (HEV TCP) is an international membership group formed to produce and disseminate balanced, objective information about advanced electric, hybrid, and fuel cell vehicles. It enables member countries to discuss their respective needs, share key information, and learn from an ever-growing pool of experience from the development and deployment of hybrid and electric vehicles. The TCP on Hybrid and Electric Vehicles (HEV TCP) is organised under the auspices of the International Energy Agency (IEA) but is functionally and legally autonomous. Views, findings and publications of the HEV TCP do not necessarily represent the views or policies of the IEA Secretariat or its ieahev.org individual member countries. Editors Contributing Authors Kate Palmer, Task 1 OA AUSTRIA NORWAY Urban Foresight Mauritsch Walter, Austria Tech Andreas Bratland, The Research Council of Norway Gerfried Jungmeier, Joanneum Research Erik Figenbaum, TOI Lauren Kersley Andreas Dorda, BMK Jon Suul, Sintef Urban Foresight BELGIUM REPUBLIC OF KOREA Miles Prescott Carlo Mol, VITO Ock-Taek Lim, University of Ulsan Urban Foresight Bert Witkamp, Valuad SPAIN Gordon Hector CANADA Cristina Corchero, IREC Urban Foresight Carol Burelle, Formerly Natural Resources Canada Manel Sanmarti, IREC René-Pierre Allard, Natural Resources Canada Isabel del Olmo Florez, IDEA Juan Francisco Larrazábal Roche, IDEA Designer CHINA Dirección Ahorro y Eficiencia, IDEA Rujie Yu, CATARC Ismail Hewitt Huanhuan Ren, CATARC SWEDEN Urban Foresight Chuan Chen, CATARC Peter Kasche, Sweden Energy Agency Chunjia Ran, CATARC Martina Wikström, Sweden Energy Agency Zelei Jiang, CATARC Longze Cong, CATARC SWITZERLAND Luca Castiglioni, BFE DENMARK Stephan Walter, BFE Michael Rask, Heliac UNITED KINGDOM FINLAND Tim Ward, OZEV Mikko Koskue, Business Finland Kate Palmer, Urban Foresight FRANCE UNITED STATES Ariane Rozo, ADEME Steven Boyd, US Department of Energy Jérémie Almosni, ADEME David Howell, US Department of Energy James F. Miller, Argonne National Laboratory GERMANY Aymeric Rousseau, Argonne National Laboratory Hannes Neupert, EnergyBus e.V Burak Ozpineci, Oak Ridge National Laboratory Stephan Schmid, DLR P T Jones, Oak Ridge National Laboratory Özcan Deniz, DLR Matthias Laske, FZ Jülich IRELAND Graham Brennan, SEAI Declan Meally, SEAI ITA LY Francesco Velluci, ENEA THE NETHERLANDS Sonja Munnix, Netherlands Enterprise Agency 4 HEV TCP Annual Report 2021 CONTENTS Contents Section A INTRODUCTION 7 Chairperson's Message 9 Executive Summary 13 The IEA & the HEV TCP Section B HEV TCP TASKS 22 TASK 1 70 TASK 40 Information Exchange CRM4EV: Critical Raw Materials for Electric Vehicles 25 TASK 30 Assessment of Environmental Effects 77 TASK 41 of Electric Vehicles Electric Freight Vehicle 36 TASK 32 86 TASK 42 Small Electric Vehicles EV City Casebook 42 TASK 34 90 TASK 43 Batteries Vehicle-Grid Integration 49 TASK 35 95 TASK 45 Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles Electrified Roadways (E-Roads) 55 TASK 37 Extreme Fast Charging 61 TASK 39 Interoperability of e-mobility services 5 HEV TCP Annual Report 2021 CONTENTS Section C HEV TCP WORLDWIDE 99 Overview 172 The Netherlands 100 Austria 182 Norway 107 Belgium 192 Republic of Korea 119 Canada 201 Spain 128 China 213 Sweden 136 Denmark 219 Switzerland 147 France 229 United States 151 Germany 241 Japan 161 Italy 246 South Africa Section D CONTACT INFORMATION 251 Executive Committee 253 Task Operating Agents SECTION A Introduction 7 HEV TCP Annual Report 2021 CHAIRPERSON'S MESSAGE Chairperson's message As the chairperson of the Hybrid and Electric Vehicle Technology Collaboration Programme (HEV TCP), a part of the International Energy Agency’s Energy Technology Network, I have the great pleasure of introducing the 2021 Annual Report. The work of the HEV TCP has continued to make progress, despite these challenging times of the global pandemic. The HEV TCP Executive Committee (ExCo) continued to meet in 2020 but only virtually. In most cases, the work of the various tasks also advanced with virtual meetings and workshops. Several major studies were completed, and books and reports were published with the findings. The EV market performed much better than that of conventional vehicles in 2020. As shown in Figure 1, the first six months of 2020 mostly saw reductions in monthly sales of plug-in vehicles compared to 2019. However, July to December 2020 saw significant increases in monthly EV sales, resulting in an overall annual increase of 43% globally, according to preliminary results presented by EV-volumes.com. This over a period when global sales of conventional vehicles decreased by 14%.1 Figure 1: Global Monthly Plug-In Vehicle Sales & Y-O-Y Growth2 8 HEV TCP Annual Report 2021 CHAIRPERSON'S MESSAGE This is in line with EV sales data reported by HEV TCP member countries, representing an overall increase in passenger EV sales of 41% for 2020 over 2019. However, this development was not observed uniformly across the globe, and significant differences in performance were seen for Europe, Asia and North America. HEV TCP member countries in Europe saw a total overall increase in sales of 147%, member countries in Asia a total overall increase of 9%, and member countries in North America a total overall decrease of 8% compared to 2019. The electrification of transportation is essential to meet a clear commitment to become carbon neutral by 2050, and this performance in the second half of 2020 is a welcome boost to get us on the path. The next ExCo meeting will again be virtual and is scheduled for May 2021. It remains to be seen when the present COVID-19 situation will improve enough to allow for a face-to-face meeting. I am hopeful that that time will come soon, but we must remain diligent as our health and safety is our greatest priority. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS As the Chairperson for the HEV TCP, I would like to recognize the excellent support provided by Dr. James Miller (Argonne National Laboratory) as the HEV TCP Secretary, and the generous contribution from the US Department of Energy for financing the position of the Secretary. I would like to express my sincere thanks to both Sonja Munnix (the Netherlands) and Ock Taeck Lim (South Korea) for their support as Deputy Chairs, as well as to the team at Urban Foresight (Kate Palmer, Gary McRae, Ismail Hewitt) for their excellent work with Task 1, including the light rebranding and website modernization in their first year. In addition to the ExCo, the management of the TCP includes the work of two sub- committees, the Strategic Planning Group and the Technical Committee, which count on the participation of various ExCo members. My appreciation also goes out to the Operating Agents running the Tasks for their excellent leadership and hard work in keeping things going during the past year, as well as to the Task participants for their continued involvement. Lastly yet importantly, I wish to thank the member country delegates and observers for their continued strong participation in ExCo meetings and other activities of the TCP. CAROL BURELLE Chairperson of the Executive Committee, Hybrid and Electric Vehicle Technology Collaboration Programme REFERENCES [1] https://www.ev-volumes.com/country/total-world-plug-in-vehicle-volumes/ [2] Ibid 9 HEV TCP Annual Report 2021 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Executive Summary By the end of 2020, the number of EVs on the road exceeded 10 million for the first time. By the end of 2020, the number of EVs on the road exceeded 10 million vehicles. EV registrations increased by 41% in 2020 compared to 2019, despite the COVID-19 pandemic impacting vehicle manufacture and sales across the globe. In 2020, nearly 5% of new car sales were EVs which equates to approximately 3 million new EVs on the road. HEV TCP member countries represented approximately three quarters of these EV registrations in 2020. The IEA have attributed this resilience to supportive regulatory frameworks, additional incentives, and increasing numbers of EV models. The HEV TCP, with a membership of 19 countries, collaborates on shared projects (Tasks) to better understand and address technical and non-technical challenges, and provide guidance to policy makers. In 2020, the 19 countries that are currently members have continued to actively participate in tasks and pursue their transport electrification agenda. The TCP currently manages a total of 14 Tasks (see Table below for details). No new tasks were initiated in 2020. In 2020, the TCP closed the following Tasks, for which final reports (where indicated) are available for download on the HEV-TCP website at www.ieahev.org: • Task 33: Battery Electric Buses • Task 36: Consumer Adoption and Use of EVs Based on the work conducted under the HEV TCP, three books were published. • Published a book on Task 36 results, “Who’s Driving Electric Cars: Understanding Consumer Adoption and Use of Plug-in Electric Cars”, M. Contestabile, G. Tal, and T. Turrentine (eds), Springer, 2020. • Published “Small Electric Vehicles: An International View on Light Three- and Four- Wheelers”, Amalie Evert et al, Springer, 2021. (based on Task 32) • Released “3rd EV City Casebook and Policy Guide: Scaling Up to Mass Adoption”, Urban Foresight, March 2021 (based on Task 42) The following table provides a summary of the tasks in this report.. 10 HEV TCP Annual Report 2021 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Task Country Status Period Objectives Participants Task 23 Spain, Germany, Ongoing Jan 2013 - To represent the interests Light-Electric-Vehicle Belgium, Turkey Present of local governments in the Parking and Charging standardisation of Light Electric Infrastructure Vehicle system architectures, infrastructure, communications and interchangeable batteries.