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Technical Report on Mondul Kiri Provincial Spatial Plan (2020 – 2040)

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Technical Report on Mondul Kiri Provincial Spatial Plan (2020 – 2040) Kingdom of Cambodia Nation – Religion – King 6 Provincial Administration of Mondul Kiri Provincial Committee for Land Mangement and Urban Planning Technical Report on Mondul Kiri Provincial Spatial Plan (2020 – 2040) Prepared by: The Provincial Committee for Land Management and Urban Planning March 2021 With support from © All rights reserved, Provincial Administration of Mondul Kiri Suggested citation: PCLMUP of Mondul Kiri province (2021). Technical Report of the Mondul Kiri Provincial Spatial Plan. Saen Monourom, Cambodia. Provincial Administration of Mondul Kiri Address: Daoh Kramom, Sokh Dom, Saen Monourom, Mondul Kiri Email: [email protected] Phone +855 97 97 222 88 Table of contents Table of contents i List of maps vi List of figures vii List of tables vii List of abbreviations viii List of terms and their uses in the Mondul Kiri provincial spatial plan x 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Background and Rationale 1 1.1.1 Provincial Spatial Planning 1 1.1.2 Objective of the Provincial Spatial Plan of Mondul Kiri province 1 1.2 Planning Authorities 1 1.2.1 National Committee for Land Management and Urban Planning (NCLMUPC) 1 1.2.2 Provincial Committee for Land Management and Urban Planning (PCLMUP) 1 1.2.3 Secretariat of the PCLMUP 2 1.2.4 Core Working Group 2 1.2.5 Supporters 2 1.3 Planning procedure and participation 3 1.3.1 Planning Methodology 3 1.3.2 Stakeholders’ participation and capacity building 4 1.4 Organization of the report 4 2 Situation analysis 6 2.1 History 6 2.2 Administrative boundaries 6 2.3 Bio-physical environment 8 2.3.1 Topography and geology 8 2.3.2 Climate 11 2.3.3 Water and watershed 13 2.3.4 Soils and suitability for agriculture 16 2.4 Land use and land use management 19 2.4.1 Land cover changes 19 2.4.2 Current land use 22 2.4.3 Forestry 24 2.4.4 Agriculture 30 2.4.5 Mining 34 2.4.6 Smallholder famers and land tenure security 34 2.5 Ecosystems services 38 i 2.5.1 Specific ecosystem services 38 2.5.2 Combined ecosystem services 44 2.6 Physical infrastructures 46 2.6.1 Road network 46 2.6.2 Electricity 48 2.7 Demography and population 49 2.7.1 Population by district 49 2.7.2 In-migration 51 2.7.3 Provisions of social services 52 2.7.4 Employment 53 2.8 Key elements of spatial structure 55 2.8.1 Regional connectivity and road network 55 2.8.2 Land use systems 60 2.8.3 Polycentric structure of urban centers 63 2.8.4 Economic development poles 69 3 Envision the future 72 3.1 Scenario development 72 3.1.1 Land use and ecosystem services scenarios 72 3.1.2 Demographic projection 82 3.1.3 Climate change vulnerability and mitigation and adaptation options 87 3.2 Vision 89 3.3 Long-term development goals and objectives 92 3.3.1 LTDG 1: Attain sustainable biodiversity conservation and people’s livelihood development in protected areas systems (wildlife sanctuaries and biodiversity corridor) 92 3.3.2 LTDG 2: Enhance ecotourism development linked to community-based natural resources management 92 3.3.3 LTDG 3: Promote sustainable agricultural development for smallholder farmers as well as community-based natural resources management outside protected areas 92 3.3.4 LTDG 4: Strengthen the role of Mondul Kiri province in the national development and the regional economic integration 93 3.3.5 LTDG 5: Advance sustainable, inclusive, public service-oriented urbanization at multiple levels 93 4 Spatial development strategies 94 4.1 Overall strategy: Enhancing sustainable conservation in wildlife sanctuaries and biodiversity conservation corridors 94 4.1.1 Sub-strategy: Enhancing protection efforts in core and conservation zones in wildlife sanctuaries (conservation land use system) 94 4.1.2 Sub-strategy: Promoting community-based forest management and agro-ecological intensification in sustainable use and community zones in wildlife sanctuaries (collaborative management land use system) 95 ii 4.1.3 Sub-strategy: Ensuring sustainable agricultural development and forest protection in Biodiversity Conservation Corridors 96 4.1.4 Sub-strategy: Protecting landscapes that are part of the socio-environmental and cultural identity of Mondul Kiri province 96 4.2 Overall strategy: Limiting the negative economic, environmental, and social impacts of large scale development project sponsored by the State 98 4.2.1 Sub-strategy: Limiting the negative impact of mining operations 98 4.2.2 Sub-strategy: Limiting the negative impact of hydropower development 98 4.3 Overall strategy: Supporting the development of education centers that promote learning and research about biodiversity and sustainable conservation in Mondul Kiri 98 4.3.1 Sub-strategy: promote field-based learning about bio-diversity 98 4.4 Overall strategy: Strengthening eco-tourism development with linkages to sustainable natural resources management and cultural preservation 100 4.4.1 Sub-strategy: Promote the development of the tourism sector in ways that respect the cultural identity of indigenous people, the environment and provide benefits for local communities 100 4.5 Overall strategy: Supporting the development of vocational training centers that promote tourism products and services based on local resources 100 4.5.1 Sub-strategy: Identify, design and conduct professional trainings to develop skills relevant to community-based tourism management 100 4.5.2 Sub-strategy: Identify, design and conduct professional trainings to promote local products made in Mondul Kiri 101 4.6 Overall strategy: Promoting sustainable agricultural development for smallholder farmers 103 4.6.1 Sub-strategy: Ensure the development of a vibrant family farming sector (economically efficient, socially just and environmentally sound) 103 4.6.2 Sub-strategy: Protect existing shifting agriculture and accompany the transition from swidden system to permanent agriculture 103 4.7 Overall strategy: Promoting responsible large-scale agro-industrial development that seeks mutually advantageous relationships with smallholder farmers 104 4.7.1 Sub-strategy: Enhance Economic Land Concession management that seeks joint benefit with smallholders 104 4.8 Overall strategy: Enhancing community-based natural resources management outside the protected area system 104 4.8.1 Sub-strategy: Reinforce all existing community forestry co-management schemes 104 4.8.2 Sub-strategy: Reinforce all existing community fisheries co-management schemes 104 4.9 Overall strategy: Promoting transport infrastructures and mobility to enhance accessibility to public services for its entire population and to support the development of the CLV region 106 4.9.1 Sub-strategy: Develop an environmentally-sound regional transport hub articulated to the new airport and Saen Monourom city 106 4.9.2 Sub-strategy: Enhance intra-provincial mobility and accessibility to public services 106 4.10 Overall strategy: Promoting the sustainable growth and planned development of cross- border areas as new growth centers that facilitate trade exchange with neighboring countries 106 iii 4.10.1 Sub-strategy: Support the development of border facilities and mitigate the environmental impacts of this expansion 107 4.11 Overall strategy: Promoting the sustainable growth and development of agriculture and other industries in potential areas linking transport networks and dry port areas with domestic and outside markets 107 4.11.1 Sub-strategy: Enhance the capacity of the province to add value to its agricultural products through better storage and processing 107 4.11.2 Sub-strategy: Promote the development of industries based on knowledge, technology and innovation without environmental impact 108 4.12 Overall strategy: Promoting planned and sustainable urban development to address the increasing need for public and private services and limiting the environmental impacts of urbanization. 110 4.12.1 Sub-strategy: Ensure balanced urban development offers improved access to public services such as education and health centers 110 4.12.2 Sub-strategy: Limit the impact of urbanization on the environment 110 4.13 Overall strategy: Enhancing urban landscapes through the promotion of natural greenery systems and urban agriculture in main centers and surrounding areas 114 4.13.1 Sub-strategy: Develop and implement detailed greening plan and relevant regulations 114 4.13.2 Sub-strategy: Develop and implement urban agriculture spaces in main centers 114 4.14 Overall strategy: Ensuring efficient and quality-oriented urban management and delivery of urban environmental services 114 4.14.1 Sub-strategy: Enhance the provision of services and facilities for adequate and safe water supply in the urban areas and adjacent hinterlands 114 4.14.2 Sub-strategy: Ensuring effective wastewater and water runoff management within the urban areas 114 4.14.3 Sub-strategy: Ensure effective solid waste management in urbanized areas 115 4.15 Integrated spatial development strategies 116 5 Activity Plan 117 5.1 Identification and development of detailed project proposals 117 5.2 Implementation mechanisms 121 5.3 Capacity and institutional development 122 5.4 Financing 122 6 Monitoring and evaluation 123 6.1 Institutions involved and supporting laws and policies 123 6.2 Procedures for monitoring and evaluation of the Provincial Spatial Plan 123 7 Conclusion 124 8 List of references 125 9 List of geo-spatial dataset 130 10 Annexes 132 Annex 1. Composition of Provincial Spatial Planning Committee in Mondul Kiri Province 132 iv Annex 2. Composition of the secretariat Provincial Spatial planning committee in Mondul Kiri province 133 Annex 3. Composition of the Core Working Group for Spatial Planning Committee in Mondul Kiri province 134 Annex 4. List of supporters 135 Annex 5. List of activities and training conducted during the provincial spatial planning of Mondul kiri 136 Annex 6. Land cover categories used in land cover change analysis 142 Annex 7. Number of people living inside Protected Areas in Mondul Kiri province 143 Annex 8.
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