Asian Herpetological Research 2013, 4(1): 36–55 DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1245.2013.00036

A Preliminary Annotated Checklist of the and of the Kulen Promtep Wildlife Sanctuary in Northern

Timo HARTMANN1*, Flora IHLOW1*, Sarah EDWARDS2, SOVATH Sothanin3, Markus HANDSCHUH4 and Wolfgang BÖHME1

1 Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig (ZFMK), Adenauerallee 160, 53113 Bonn, Germany 2 Frontier Cambodia, 390, Sangkat Boeung Keng Kang III, Khan Chamkarmon, , Cambodia 3 Department of National Parks, Ministry of Environment (MoE), 48, Samdech Preah Sihanouk, Tonle Bassac, Khan Chamkarmorn, Phnom Penh, Cambodia 4 Angkor Centre for Conservation of Biodiversity (ACCB), Kbal Spean, Phnom Kulen National Park, Siem Reap, Cambodia

Abstract We present the first herpetological checklist for the Kulen Promtep Wildlife Sanctuary in northern Cambodia, with records of 22 of amphibians and 33 species of reptiles belonging to 44 genera in 22 families. The checklist includes three species (Ingerophrynus macrotis, Micryletta inornata, Scincella melanosticta) which in Cambodia were formerly only known to occur in the Cardamom Mountains in the southwest of the country. Our findings highlight the importance of countrywide herpetological baseline surveys in lowland habitats.

Keywords Amphibia, Reptilia, Kulen Promtep Wildlife Sanctuary, Cambodia, distribution, range extension,

1. Introduction 2011; Rowley et al., 2010; Stuart et al., 2006, 2010). Herpetological field work focussing on lowlands and In addition to historical compilations (Bourret, 1941, low-lying hills of northern Central Cambodia is still very 1942; Saint Girons, 1972), recent field surveys greatly little (Bezuijen et al., 2009; Hartmann et al., 2009, 2010, improved the knowledge on Cambodia’s herpetofauna. 2011; Ihlow et al., 2012). Regarding amphibians, Neang These surveys mainly focussed on the Cardamom and Holden (2008) provided a field guide for the whole of Mountains in southwestern Cambodia (Daltry and Cambodia. Chheang, 2000; Daltry and Traeholt, 2003; Daltry and Herein, we present the records of amphibians and Wüster, 2002; Grismer et al., 2007a, 2007b, 2008a, reptiles collected between 2009 and 2011 in the Kulen 2008b, 2010; Long et al., 2002; Neang et al., 2010, 2011; Promtep Wildlife Sanctuary in northern Cambodia. Ohler et al., 2002; Stuart and Emmett, 2006; Stuart and 2. Survey Sites Platt, 2004; Swan and Daltry, 2002; Wood et al., 2010) and the uplands in northeastern and eastern Cambodia The Kulen Promtep Wildlife Sanctuary (KPWS) is (Geissler et al., 2012; Long et al., 2000; Neang et al., located within the Northern Plains of Cambodia, close to the Thai border (Figure 1). The KPWS mainly lies within * Corresponding authors: Timo HARTMANN, from Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig (ZFMK), Bonn, Germany, with the , but it also reaches into the his research focusing on taxonomy, phylogeny, zoogeography and provinces of Siem Reap and Oddar Meanchey. Covering ecology of Southeast Asian amphibians and reptiles; and Flora IHLOW, an area of 402 500 ha, the KPWS is Cambodia’s largest from ZFMK, Bonn, Germany, with her research focusing on ecology, distribution and taxonomy of Southeast Asian amphibians and reptiles, protected area (ICEM, 2003). It was established in 1993 especially on chelonians. Both contributed equally to the manuscript. and is under the jurisdiction of the Cambodian Ministry of E-mail: [email protected] (Timo HARTMANN); and [email protected] (Flora IHLOW) Environment (MoE). The Preah Vihear part of the KPWS Received: 19 November 2012 Accepted: 30 January 2013 is jointly managed by MoE and the Wildlife Conservation No. 1 Timo HARTMANN et al. Amphibians and Reptiles of Kulen Promtep Wildlife Sanctuary in Cambodia 37

Society (WCS). The KPWS is a lowland area with an average elevation of around 50 m above sea level (a.s.l.). Only few scattered hills such as Phnom Pol reach up to approximately 450 m a.s.l. The Sen River, a major tributary of the Tonle Sap crosses the KPWS in the southeast and causes seasonal flooding during the rainy season. The KPWS has a low population density and limited agriculture. The Preah Vihear part of the KPWS is mainly covered by open deciduous dipterocarp forest communities and grassland savannahs, but also includes some areas with semi-evergreen gallery forest communities. At the survey sites (Figure 2), the vegetation mainly consists of disturbed open deciduous dipterocarp forest with interspersed patches of grasslands, bamboo, and semi- evergreen gallery forest (Figure 3 A–D). During the rainy season large areas are flooded, while during the dry Figure 1 Map of the Kingdom of Cambodia, showing the Kulen season the area is heavily affected by fire clearings. Promtep Wildlife Sanctuary (KPWS) (black line). Map designed using ARCGIS 9.3; Elevation data: CGIAR SRTM (Jarvis et al., The Oddar Meanchey section in the northwest of the 2008); Protected area shape file: IUCN and UNEP-WCMC (2010). KPWS has an average elevation of 100 m a.s.l. and is covered with lowland semi-evergreen forest which is partly degraded by anthropogenic influence (Figure 3 E– F). The main survey sites (Figure 2) were 500 m away from seasonal or permanent rivers or streams. Each site was situated within 500–2500 m of forest edge habitat abutted by slash and burn farming areas used for different agricultural purposes by locals.

3. Material and Methods

From 9th to 16th of July 2009, T. Hartmann collected 38 voucher specimens during a rapid survey in the Kulen District, Preah Vihear Province. All specimens were collected in the field by hand or stick, while Figure 2 Map of the Kulen Promtep Wildlife Sanctuary in northern actively searching by day and night. The specimens Cambodia. Black dots: Survey sites; Thick grey lines: Provincial were photographed prior to euthanasia, and subsequently borders; Thin grey lines: District borders; Black line: Border of the KPWS. Map designed using ARCGIS 9.3. Elevation data: CGIAR fixed and preserved in 70% ethanol. All specimens were SRTM (Jarvis et al., 2008); Protected area shape file: IUCN and deposited and comparative material was examined at UNEP-WCMC (2010); Administrative boundaries: NIS (2008). the Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig (ZFMK), Bonn, Germany. by Frontier Cambodia over three periods; January to During two intensive long-term tortoise surveys from March, April to June, and July to September 2011, 1st of August 2009 to 1st of January 2010 and from 29th totalling 210 days within the Oddar Meanchey part of of August to 23rd of September 2011, F. Ihlow photo- KPWS. Individuals were caught in the field either by hand vouchered a total of 64 and records or pitfall traps. Prior to photograph and release, some from different sites in the Preah Vihear Province. individuals were measured using callipers to the nearest Individuals were encountered during daytime, often along 0.1 mm or a tape measure to 0.1 cm (SVL = snout-vent seasonal ponds, puddles and marshes. Some individuals length, TL = tail length, SCL = straight carapace length), were discovered hiding under bark or in leaf litter. and the weight was recorded to the nearest 0.1 g. Furthermore, S. Edwards collected 37 photographic All photo-vouchers are archived in the Herpetological vouchers taken during herpetological surveys conducted Photographic Archive of the Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum 38 Asian Herpetological Research Vol. 4

Figure 3 Habitat types at the survey sites in the KPWS. A: Open deciduous dipterocarp forest, Photo by F. Ihlow; B: Flooded open deciduous dipterocarp forest, Photo by F. Ihlow; C: Semi-evergreen gallery forest, Photo by F. Ihlow; D: Savannah grassland, Photo by F. Ihlow; E: Disturbed and degraded habitat, Photo by S. Edwards; F: Undisturbed semi-evergreen forest, Photo by S. Edwards.

Alexander Koenig (ZFMK-PA), Bonn, Germany. currently have wide ranges in mainland , hence these species will not be dealt with further herein. 4. Results Detailed accounts of the remaining 31 species recorded from the KPWS and their current International Union A total of 55 species (22 amphibians and 33 reptiles) for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) status (IUCN, 2012), were recorded. Of these, 24 species are characteristic of as well as their previously known distribution within anthropogenically modified environments (Table 1) and Cambodia are presented below: No. 1 Timo HARTMANN et al. Amphibians and Reptiles of Kulen Promtep Wildlife Sanctuary in Cambodia 39

Table 1 Voucher numbers and coordinates of capture localities of amphibian and reptile species from the KPWS that are characteristic of anthropogenically modified environments sensu( Stuart and Emmett, 2006; Stuart et al., 2006; Bezuijen et al., 2009).

Taxon Voucher number Coordinates District Province Bufonidae Duttaphrynus melanostictus (Schneider, 1799) ZFMK 90394 13°55'14.9" N 104°49'39.7" E Kulen Preah Vihear ZFMK-PA SE 01 14°04'41.3" N 104°10'36.9" E Trapeang Prasat Oddar Meanchey Microhylidae Kaloula pulchra Gray, 1831 ZFMK-PA FI 01 13°51'57.5" N 104°49'31.0" E Kulen Preah Vihear ZFMK-PA SE 02 14°04'43.3" N 104°11'25.5" E Trapeang Prasat Oddar Meanchey Microhyla butleri Boulenger, 1900 ZFMK-PA FI 02 13°51'01.3" N 104°50'12.7" E Kulen Preah Vihear ZFMK-PA SE 03 14°04'33.0" N 104°10'36.7" E Trapeang Prasat Oddar Meanchey Microhyla fissipes Boulenger, 1884 ZFMK 90395-397 13°49'08.1" N 104°49'27.9" E Kulen Preah Vihear ZFMK-PA SE 04 14°04'33.0" N 104°10'36.7" E Trapeang Prasat Oddar Meanchey Microhyla heymonsi Vogt, 1911 ZFMK-PA FI 03 13°51'31.2" N 104°50'08.8" E Kulen Preah Vihear ZFMK-PA SE 05-06 14°04'40.8" N 104°10'38.7" E Trapeang Prasat Oddar Meanchey Microhyla pulchra (Hallowell, 1861) ZFMK 90398 13°53'06.2" N 104°52'55.2" E Kulen Preah Vihear ZFMK-PA SE 07 14°04'33.0" N 104°10'36.7" E Trapeang Prasat Oddar Meanchey ZFMK-PA SE 08 14°04'40.8" N 104°10'38.7" E Dicroglossidae Fejervarya limnocharis (Gravenhorst, 1829) ZFMK 90402-405 13°55'14.9" N 104°49'39.7" E Kulen Preah Vihear ZFMK-PA FI 04 13°51'01.3" N 104°50'12.7" E ZFMK-PA SE 09 14°04'41.3" N 104°10'36.9" E Trapeang Prasat Oddar Meanchey ZFMK-PA SE 10 14°04'43.1" N 104°10'36.6" E Hoplobatrachus rugulosus (Wiegmann, 1834) ZFMK 90399-401 13°55'14.9" N 104°49'39.7" E Kulen Preah Vihear ZFMK-PA SE 11 14°04'43.1" N 104°10'36.6" E Trapeang Prasat Oddar Meanchey Occidozyga lima (Gravenhorst, 1829) ZFMK 90406 13°51'57.4" N 104°49'30.8" E Kulen Preah Vihear ZFMK-PA FI 05 13°51'46.7" N 104°50'33.9" E Occidozyga martensii (Peters, 1867) ZFMK 90407 13°51'57.4" N 104°49'30.8" E Kulen Preah Vihear ZFMK-PA SE 12 14°04'43.1" N 104°10'36.6" E Trapeang Prasat Oddar Meanchey Ranidae Hylarana erythraea (Schlegel, 1837) ZFMK-PA FI 06 13°51'46.7" N 104°50'33.9" E Kulen Preah Vihear ZFMK-PA SE 13 14°04'19.6" N 104°08'34.3" E Anlong Veng Oddar Meanchey Hylarana macrodactyla Günther, 1858 ZFMK 90408-409 13°49'04.1" N 104°49'38.2" E Kulen Preah Vihear ZFMK-PA FI 07 13°51'01.3" N 104°50'12.7" E Polypedates leucomystax (Gravenhorst, 1829) ZFMK 90410 13°49'04.1" N 104°49'38.2" E Kulen Preah Vihear ZFMK-PA FI 08 13°51'01.3" N 104°50'12.7" E ZFMK-PA SE 14 14°04'19.6" N 104°08'34.3" E Anlong Veng Oddar Meanchey Agamidae Calotes versicolor (Daudin, 1802) ZFMK 90414 13°51'31.2" N 104°50'08.8" E Kulen Preah Vihear ZFMK-PA FI 09 13°51'31.2" N 104°50'08.8" E Scincidae macularia (Blyth, 1853) ZFMK 90415 13°53'06.2" N 104°52'55.2" E Kulen Preah Vihear ZFMK-PA FI 10 13°51'01.3" N 104°50'12.7" E Eutropis multifasciata (Kuhl, 1820) ZFMK 90416-417 13°51'57.4" N 104°49'30.8" E Kulen Preah Vihear ZFMK 90418 13°53'06.2" N 104°52'55.2" E ZFMK-PA SE 15-16 14°04'41.3" N 104°10'36.9" E Trapeang Prasat Oddar Meanchey Gekkonidae Gekko gecko (Linnaeus, 1758) ZFMK-PA FI 11 13°51'57.5" N 104°49'31.3" E Kulen Preah Vihear ZFMK-PA SE 17 14°03'30.0" N 104°09'40.5" E Anlong Veng Oddar Meanchey Hemidactylus frenatus Schlegl, 1836 ZFMK 90425-426 13°51'57.4" N 104°49'30.8" E Kulen Preah Vihear Hemidactylus platyurus (Schneider, 1792) ZFMK-PA FI 12 13°51'01.3" N 104°50'12.7" E Kulen Preah Vihear Typhlopidae Ramphotyphlops braminus (Daudin, 1803) ZFMK 90427 13°49'08.1" N 104°49'27.9" E Kulen Preah Vihear ZFMK-PA FI 13 13°51'57.5" N 104°49'31.3" E Python reticulatus (Schneider, 1801) ZFMK-PA SE 18 14°02'58.7" N 104°07'10.0" E Anlong Veng Oddar Meanchey pictus (Gmelin, 1789) ZFMK 90393 13°51'57.4" N 104°49'30.8" E Kulen Preah Vihear mucosa (Linnaeus, 1758) ZFMK-PA TH 01 13°55'14.9" N 104°49'39.7" E Kulen Preah Vihear 40 Asian Herpetological Research Vol. 4

(Continued Table 1)

Taxon Voucher number Coordinates District Province Natricidae Rhabdophis subminiatus (Schlegel, 1837) ZFMK 90428 13°51'39.6" N 104°49'47.5" E Kulen Preah Vihear ZFMK-PA SE 19 14°04'45.9" N 104°10'50.1" E Trapeang Prasat Oddar Meanchey

Amphibia longer than the second; subarticular tubercles on hand Ichthyophiidae bifid. Ichthyophis sp. (Figure 4 A) All four individuals were encountered between Photo voucher: , Anlong Veng 10:00 and 16:00 h, on the humid forest floor in an open District: ZFMK-PA SE 20, 14°04'26.9" N 104°8'17.1" E, deciduous dipterocarp forest community. 101 m a.s.l., 15 August 2011. Photo voucher by J. Allison. This species was previously reported from the Remarks: One subadult specimen (ZFMK-PA SE 20; Cardamom Mountains (Daltry and Traeholt, 2003; SVL 126.1 mm, weighted 2.5 g) resembles Taylor’s Grismer et al., 2007b; Long et al., 2002; Ohler et al., (1968) diagnosis of the Ichthyophis in having 2002; Stuart and Emmett, 2006), Mondulkiri (Long et al., a distinct postanal tail and annuli forming a median, 2000) and Kratie provinces (Bezuijen et al., 2009). posteriorly directed ventral angle. It resembles Microhylidae Cambodian specimens of Ichthyophis kohtaoensis (Neang Calluella guttulata (Blyth, 1856) and Holden, 2008; Stuart et al., 2006) and Ichthyophis sp. IUCN status: Least Concern (LC). (Grismer et al., 2008b) in having a wide yellow, lateral Photo voucher: Oddar Meanchey Province, Trapeang body stripe running the length of the body. Prasat District: ZFMK-PA SE 21, 14°04'45.9" N Since the confusing taxonomy of the several striped, 104°10'50.07" E, 96 m a.s.l., 16 May 2011. Photo voucher putative species known from Southeast Asia is not yet by S. Edwards. resolved (Gower et al., 2002; Grismer et al., 2008b), any Remarks: One subadult individual (ZFMK-PA SE 21; specific assignment of our photographically recorded SVL 27.5; weighted 1.9 g) is in accordance to Stuart and specimen would be premature. Emmett’s (2006) description of the specimens from the The individual was found at a place next to a small Cardamom Mountains in having an obtusely rounded stream within undisturbed semi-evergreen forest at 20:15 h. snout longer than eye diameter; the forth finger shorter Stuart et al. (2006) reported Ichthyophis kohtaoensis than the second; webbing on the fourth toe nearly from . Grismer et al. (2008b) recorded reaching proximal subarticular tubercle, with a continuing striped Ichthyophis, which were assigned to Ichthyophis fringe to tip. The dorsum is light brown with distinct kohtaoensis by Neang and Holden (2008) from Veal Veng cream-edged dark brown irregular markings. It also District, . resembles Taylor’s (1962) colour description in having Bufonidae transverse black stripes on back of thighs and a distinct Ingerophrynus macrotis (Boulenger, 1877) (Figure 4 B) diagonal dark brown mark following the supratympanic IUCN status: Least Concern (LC). fold. Photo voucher: Preah Vihear Province, Kulen District: The individual was captured in a pitfall trap (08:45 h) ZFMK-PA FI 14, 13°51'29.6" N 104°50'25.0" E, 53 m in an area of semi-evergreen forest heavily degraded for a.s.l., 16 September 2011; ZFMK-PA FI 15, 13°51'46.7" agricultural use. N 104°50'33.9" E, 65 m a.s.l., 9 September 2009; ZFMK- The species has been recently recorded from the PA FI 16–17, 13°51'33.6" N 104°50'10.4" E, 65 m a.s.l., Cardamom Mountains (Grismer et al., 2008a; Stuart 17 September 2009. Photo vouchers by F. Ihlow. and Emmett, 2006) and Kratie Province (Bezuijen et al., Remarks: Four adult females (ZFMK-PA FI 14–17) 2009). agree with the expanded diagnosis of Taylor (1962) in the Kalophrynus interlineatus (Blyth, 1855) (Figure 4 C) lack of cranial crests and having low parotoid glands only IUCN status: Least Concern (LC). little larger than eyelid; possession of a large tympanum, Photo voucher: Oddar Meanchey Province, Trapeang equal to or little less than eye diameter; body covered Prasat District: ZFMK-PA SE 22, 14°04'33.0" N with numerous tubercles of varying sizes, those on head 104°10'36.7" E, 92 m a.s.l., 13 January 2011. Photo smallest; no tarsal fold, but a row of larger tubercles on voucher by S. Edwards. tarsus; large rounded palmar tubercle; the first finger Remarks: One subadult specimen (ZFMK-PA SE 22; No. 1 Timo HARTMANN et al. Amphibians and Reptiles of Kulen Promtep Wildlife Sanctuary in Cambodia 41

SVL 34 mm, weighted 3.0 g) matches the diagnosis given one metatarsal tubercle. by Parker (1934) and Matsui et al. (1996) in having toes The individual was found in a small stream at 17:40 h less than one-third webbed, with the third toe webbing not in a semi-evergreen forest which borders an area heavily extending beyond the distal subarticular tubercle and the degraded for agricultural use. free portion of the fifth toe longer than the distance from In Cambodia, Micryletta inornata has only been snout to nostril. recorded from the Cardamom Mountains (Grismer et al., The individual was found close to an oxcart track in 2008b; Ohler et al., 2002; Stuart and Emmett, 2006). Van semi-evergreen forest (19:20 h). Dijk et al. (2009) stated that the species occurs throughout It was previously recorded from the Cardamom Cambodia, but without naming exact localities. Mountains (Grismer et al., 2008a; Ohler et al., 2002; Ranidae Swan and Daltry, 2002; Stuart and Emmett, 2006) and Hylarana lateralis (Boulenger, 1877) (Figure 4 D) Mondulkiri Province (Stuart et al., 2006). Parker (1934) IUCN status: Least Concern (LC). and Bourret (1942) reported the species from Cambodia Photo voucher: Preah Vihear Province, Kulen District: without further locality information. ZFMK-PA FI 18–19, 13°51'07.5" N 104°49'31.3" E, 42 Microhyla berdmorei (Blyth, 1856) m, 16 September 2011. Photo vouchers by F. Ihlow. IUCN status: Least Concern (LC). Remarks: Two adult males (ZFMK-PA FI 18–19) are Photo voucher: Oddar Meanchey Province, Trapeang in accordance with Taylor’s (1962) diagnosis in having Prasat District: ZFMK-PA SE 23, 14°4'41.3" N a distinct, moderately thick dorsolateral fold; tympanum 104°10'36.9" E, 94 m a.s.l., 8 February 2011. Photo large, slightly less than eye; upper jaw thickened with voucher by S. Edwards. white stripe, becoming slightly elevated posteriorly; Remarks: An adult female (ZFMK-PA SE 23; 38.4 strong posttympanic tubercle behind mouth angle; males mm, weighted 6.7 g) is in accordance with Bain and possessing well-developed humeral glands and small Nguyen’s (2004) characterization by having an obtusely posterior vocal slits. pointed snout profile; smooth dorsal skin with only In contrast to the latest assignment of the taxon small tubercles; the first finger shorter than one-half of lateralis to the genus Pelophylax by Frost et al. (2006), the second; fully webbed, elongated toes, bearing well- recent molecular analyses by Pyron and Wiens (2011) developed discs; two metatarsal tubercles and tibiotarsal suggested its close relationship to Hylarana erythraea, joint beyond snout tip. Hylarana macrodactyla and Hylarana guentheri. The individual was found opportunistically at 13:00 h Molecular analysis by Stuart (2008) even positioned the on the side of a stream in semi-evergreen forest bordering type species of Hylarana (H. erythraea) as sister taxon a large area degraded for agricultural use. to lateralis. Even though the latter authors suggested The species has been recorded from the Cardamom this species to be imbedded within Hylarana, and far Mountains (Grismer et al., 2008a; Ohler et al., 2002; from Pelophylax, but none of them made any necessary Stuart and Emmett, 2006), Kratie (Bezuijen et al., 2009), taxonomic change. Herein, we follow Chen et al. (2005) and Mondulkiri and Virachey provinces (Stuart et al., and replace the taxon lateralis in Hylarana. 2006). Neang and Holden (2008) classified the species as Both males were encountered between 11:00 and 12:00 common and probably found across Cambodia. h, hidden under dense vegetation and humid leaf litter next to a tree in open deciduous dipterocarp forest. Micryletta inornata (Boulenger, 1890) The species was previously reported from Mondulkiri IUCN status: Least Concern (LC). (Long et al., 2000; Ohler et al., 2002), Kratie (Neang and Photo voucher: Oddar Meanchey Province, Trapeang Holden, 2008), and Takeo provinces (Bourret, 1942). Prasat District: ZFMK-PA SE 24, 14°4'43.1" N 104°10'36.6" E, 94 m a.s.l., 10 January 2011. Photo Rhacophoridae voucher by S. Edwards. Chiromantis nongkhorensis (Boulenger, 1877) (Figure 4 E) Remarks: One adult specimen (ZFMK-PA SE 24; SVL IUCN status: Least Concern (LC). 21.6 mm, weighted 0.8 g) is in accordance with Bain and Material examined: Preah Vihear Province, Kulen Nguyen’s (2004) characterization by having a blunt snout District: ZFMK 90411, 13°49'04.1" N 104°49'38.2" E, 52 profile; smooth dorsal skin; the first finger longer than m a.s.l., 12 July 2009. Collected by T. Hartmann. one-half of the second; no discs and median grooves at Photo voucher: Oddar Meanchey Province, Anlong Veng finger and toe tips; toes not completely webbed, with only District: ZFMK-PA SE 25, 14°04'19.6" N 104°08'34.3" 42 Asian Herpetological Research Vol. 4

E, 104 m a.s.l., 10 August 2011. Photo voucher by F. Ihlow. S. Edwards. Remarks: Three individuals agree with Taylor (1970) Remarks: One adult female specimen (ZFMK 90411) in possessing a uniform brown coloured, highly domed and one photo-vouchered individual (ZFMK-PA SE 25; carapace. The plastron is as wide as the opening of the SVL 33.5 mm, weighted 1.0 g) agree with Cochran’s carapace and hinged between the pectoral and abdominal (1927) original description of the type series from Nong scutes, and the plastron is pale yellow, with a black blotch Khor, Chonburi Province. Both have the two outer fingers on each scute. No bridge connects plastron and carapace. appearing to be opposable to the two inner ones; webbing A concave-shaped plastron (ZFMK-PA FI 20) and one only at the base of the two outer fingers; interorbital life adult male (ZFMK-PA FI 21; SCL 14.8 cm, weighted distance much greater than the width of the upper eyelid. 410 g) were found at Tmat Paeuy Village. To attach a The adult female was collected at 19:50 h after a leather cord for storage, locals drilled a hole through the continuous rain during the day and was sitting on bamboo anterior carapace of the life . Another carapace leaves in a patch of bamboo forest in close proximity to a was recorded from a local house in Krala Peas Village small pond. The Oddar Meanchey individual was found (ZFMK-PA FI 22; SCL 22.5 cm). Local people collected in a tree at the edge of a large seasonal pond in an area of all the three for consumption in close adjacency semi-evergreen forest at 20:16 h. of the villages. Recently, the species has been reported from the It was previously reported from the Cardamom Cardamom Mountains (Grismer et al., 2007b, 2008a; Mountains (Daltry and Chheang, 2000; Grismer et al., Stuart and Emmett, 2006) and Mondulkiri Province 2007b; Swan and Daltry, 2002; Stuart and Platt, 2004), (Stuart et al., 2006). and Battambang, Kandal and Kampong Thom provinces (Stuart and Platt, 2004). stellatum Taylor, 1962 (Figure 4 F) IUCN status: Near Threatened (NT). Heosemys annandalii (Boulenger, 1903) (Figure 5 B) Photo voucher: Oddar Meanchey Province, Trapeang IUCN status: Endangered (EN). Prasat District: ZFMK-PA SE 26, 14°4'33.0" N Photo voucher: Preah Vihear Province, Choam Khsant 104°10'36.7" E, 92 m a.s.l., 3 February 2011. Photo District: ZFMK-PA FI 23, 13°58' N 104°53' E, 62 m a.s.l., voucher by S. Edwards. 15 September 2009. Photo voucher by F. Ihlow. Remarks: One adult individual (ZFMK-PA SE 26; SVL Remarks: The carapace of an old H. annandalii 19.9 mm, weighted 0.6 g) agrees with Taylor’s (1962) agrees with the descriptions given by Stuart et al. original description by having its dorsal surface covered (2001) and Stuart and Platt (2004) in having no distinct in whitish asperities; fingers about one-third webbed, vertebral keel. The carapace is much longer than broad. the third finger disc nearly equal to the diameter of Furthermore, the remaining scutes lack a pale coloured vertebral stripe. The remaining margins of the plastron tympanum; whitish, velvety nuptial pad on the dorsal and and bridge agree with Taylor (1970) in the absence of a medial surface of the first finger; the interorbital distance regular radiating pattern. almost equal to the width of upper eyelid; and a dark The large carapace was photo-vouchered (ZFMK- ventral surface with light reticulations. PA FI 23; SCL 46.3 cm) at a local residence in Tmat The individual was found at 18:46 h close to an oxcart Paeuy Village. Locals used the carapace as a storage track in semi-evergreen forest. bin. According to the owner, the animal was collected Stuart and Emmett (2006) recorded the species in for human consumption in a place close to the village the Cardamom Mountains, and Stuart et al. (2006) in approximately 60 years ago. Mondulkiri Province. Stuart and Platt (2004) reported H. annandalii from Geoemydidae Battambang, Siem Reap, and Kampong Thom provinces. Cuora amboinensis (Daudin, 1802) (Figure 5 A) The photographic record of H. annandalii from Kratie IUCN status: Vulnerable (VU). Province provided by Bezuijen et al. (2009) is based on a Photo voucher: Preah Vihear Province, Choam Khsant misidentification of the much smaller species Malayemys District: ZFMK-PA FI 20, 13°58' N 104°53' E, 62 m a.s.l., subtrijuga: the depicted shell (Figure 12 in Bezuijen et al., 15 September 2009; ZFMK-PA FI 21, 13°58' N 104°53' 2009; SCL 13 cm) labelled as sub-adult specimen of H. E, 62 m a.s.l., 19 September 2009; and Tbeng Meanchey annandalii, clearly possesses three distinct ridges at its District: ZFMK-PA FI 22, 13°52'40.4" N 104°58'56.1" carapace, the posterior carapace margin is unserrated E, 50 m a.s.l., 6 December 2009. Photo vouchers by and the edge of the marginal scutes show light yellowish No. 1 Timo HARTMANN et al. Amphibians and Reptiles of Kulen Promtep Wildlife Sanctuary in Cambodia 43

Figure 4 Amphibians of the KPWS. A: Subadult Ichthyophis sp. (ZFMK-PA SE 20), Photo by J. Allison; B: Adult female Ingerophrynus macrotis (ZFMK-PA FI 14), Photo by F. Ihlow; C: Subadult Kalophrynus interlineatus (ZFMK-PA SE 22), Photo by S. Edwards; D: Adult male Hylarana lateralis (ZFMK-PA FI 18), Photo by F. Ihlow; E: Adult female Chiromantis nongkhorensis (ZFMK 90411), Photo by T. Hartmann; F: Adult Theloderma stellatum (ZFMK-PA SE 26) Photo by S. Edwards. borders. In addition, the plastron of the shown shell is Photo voucher: Preah Vihear Province, Choam yellow with a pattern of regular black blotches. Each scute Khsant District: ZFMK-PA FI 26, 14°05'03.9" N possesses a black blotch, two blotches are present on the 104°33'45.9" E, 57 m a.s.l., 12 December 2009; ZFMK- pectoral and abdominal scutes with the second one being PA FI 27, 14°05'23.9" N 104°41'51.5" E, 62 m a.s.l., 19 on the bridge, exactly as described in the diagnosis of December 2009; and ZFMK-PA FI 29-30, 14°03'01.7" M. subtrijuga given by Taylor (1970). N 104°42'18.3" E, 59 m a.s.l., 8 December 2009. Kulen Heosemys grandis (Gray, 1860) (Figure 5 E) District: ZFMK-PA FI 24–25, 13°51'57.5" N 104°40'20.6" IUCN status: Vulnerable (VU). E, 52 m a.s.l., 7 November 2009. Tbeng Meanchey 44 Asian Herpetological Research Vol. 4

District: ZFMK-PA FI 28, 13°52'40.4" N 104°58'56.1" E, Each marginal scute shows a triangular black spot on the 50 m a.s.l., 6 December 2009. Photo vouchers by F. Ihlow. ventral side. The plastrons are pale yellow in colour and Remarks: Seven shells are in accordance with the each scute possesses a dark blotch. The plastrons are not description of Taylor (1970) in having a brownish hinged. The heads are large with six or more yellow nasal carapace with only little variegation and possessing a stripes, therewith clearly distinguished from its congener distinct pale coloured vertebral keel. The carapaces’ Malayemys macrocephala (bearing four or less nasal anterior margins are not serrated. The plastron is pale stripes). yellowish with black blotches in the posterior outer One life juvenile M. subtrijuga (ZFMK-PA FI 31; corners of each scute and a pattern of radiating lines. The SCL 6.5 cm, weighted 50.5 g) was discovered entangled ventral side of the marginal scutes is similarly marked. in a fishing net set by a local fisherman. The animal All encountered plastra agree with Stuart et al.’s (2001) was freed by the fisherman after handed over for taking description in possessing a straight seam between femoral measurements and photo-vouchers. An adult female and anal scutes, and lack of a plastron hinge. (ZFMK-PA FI 32; SCL 18.2 cm) was encountered at The carapace of one adult (ZFMK-PA FI 24; SCL 11:02 h hidden in dense bamboo near a small stream. The 33 cm) and the complete shell of one subadult female turtle had four leaches attached to its posterior marginal (ZFMK-PA FI 25; SCL 18.5 cm) were photo-vouchered scutes. Another subadult (ZFMK-PA FI 33; SCL 12.2 cm, at Pyuor Chruk Village. Locals collected both animals weighted 260 g) and two plastrons (ZFMK-PA FI 34–35) for consumption within five kilometres of the village by were found at a villager’s house in Pyuor Chruk Village. A using hunting dogs. The subadult individual was collected complete shell (ZFMK-PA FI 36; SCL 16 cm) was photo- only two days before it was photographed. Another vouchered at Yeang Village at a local residence. Two complete shell of an adult (ZFMK-PA FI 28; SCL 29 cm) plastrons (ZFMK-PA FI 38; SCL 15.2 cm, 15 cm) were was encountered at Krala Peas Village. The carapaces of discovered at a villager’s house in Choam Srae Village. adults were photo-vouchered at local residences in Choam In addition, one juvenile was recorded in a villager’s Antil (ZFMK-PA FI 26; SCL 36 cm) and Kampeanh house at Krala Peas Village (ZFMK-PA FI 39). All shells villages (ZFMK-PA FI 27; SCL 37.5 cm). Two carapaces recorded at local residences originate from animals measuring 38.5 cm and 34.2 cm SCL were recorded at collected locally for consumption. local residences in Yeang Village (ZFMK-PA FI 29–30). Stuart and Platt (2004) recorded M. subtrijuga from This species has been recently reported from the Battambang, Kampong Thom, Kandal, Koh Kong and Virachey National Park (Emmett et al., 2007), Koh Siem Reap provinces. Bezuijen et al. (2009) reported one Kong (Stuart and Platt, 2004) and Kratie provinces subadult specimen of M. subtrijuga from Kratie Province (Bezuijen et al., 2009). and misidentified it asH. annandalii (See above). Malayemys subtrijuga (Schweigger, 1812) (Figure 5 C, D) Siebenrockiella crassicollis (Gray, 1831) (Figure 5 G) IUCN status: Vulnerable (VU). IUCN status: Vulnerable (VU). Photo voucher: Preah Vihear Province, Choam Khsant Photo voucher: Preah Vihear Province, Choam Khsant District: ZFMK-PA FI 36-37, 14°03'01.7" N 104°42'18.3" District: ZFMK-PA FI 41, 14°03'27.6" N 104°35'30.1" E, E, 59 m a.s.l., 8 December 2009: and ZFMK-PA FI 38, 52 m a.s.l., 11 December 2009. Tbeng Meanchey District: 14°01'53.4" N 104°36'29.8" E, 56 m a.s.l., 9 December ZFMK-PA FI 40, 13°52'40.4" N 104°58'56.1" E, 50 m 2009. Kulen District: ZFMK-PA FI 31, 13°49'02.4" N a.s.l., 6 December 2009. Photo vouchers by F. Ihlow. 104°48'48.7" E, 52 m a.s.l., 14 August 2009; ZFMK- Remarks: Two individuals are in accordance with PA FI 32, 13°51'31.1" N 104°49'55.8" E, 52 m a.s.l., Taylor’s (1970) expanded description in having a 6 November 2009; ZFMK-PA FI 33, 13°51'57.5" N uniformly dark coloured carapace with a distinct median 104°40'20.6" E, 58 m a.s.l., 7 November 2009; and keel. Except the fifth vertebral scute, all vertebral scutes ZFMK-PA FI 34-35, 13°51'57.5" N 104°40'20.6" E, 58 are narrower posteriorly than anteriorly. The posterior m a.s.l., 7 November 2009. Tbeng Meanchey District: marginal scutes are serrated. Axillary and inguinal shields ZFMK-PA FI 39, 13°52'40.4" N 104°58'56.1" E, 50 m are present. The plastron is coloured pale yellow with a.s.l., 6 December 2009. Photo vouchers by F. Ihlow. large blackish areas on each plastral scute extending from Remarks: Nine individuals agree with Taylor’s (1970) the outer posterior corners. The anal scutes are entirely diagnosis in possessing a tricarinate, and moderately dark. arched carapace of uniform brown colouration. The lateral The shell of a subadult (ZFMK-PA FI 40; SCL 15.2 keels do not extend across the fourth vertebral scute. cm) was found at a villager’s residence in Krala Peas No. 1 Timo HARTMANN et al. Amphibians and Reptiles of Kulen Promtep Wildlife Sanctuary in Cambodia 45

Village. In addition, one carapace of an adult (ZFMK-PA Peas Village (ZFMK-PA FI 63–64). One carapace of an FI 41; SCL 19 cm) was found in Reaksmei Village. adult male and one complete shell of a subadult female According to locals, both animals were collected for were photo-vouchered in a local house at Yeang Village consumption close to the villages with hunting dogs. (ZFMK-PA FI 59–60). One complete shell of a male Stuart and Platt (2004) reported S. crassicollis from measuring 18.0 cm SCL and a plastron of a female were Kampong Thom and Koh Kong provinces. recorded from Choam Srae Village (ZFMK-PA FI 61–62). Testudinidae In Cambodia, I. elongata is known from the Cardamom Indotestudo elongata (Blyth, 1854) (Figure 5 F) Mountains (Chuaynkern et al., 2004; Daltry and Chheang, IUCN status: Endangered (EN). 2000; Grismer et al., 2007b; Long et al., 2002; Smith, Photo voucher: Preah Vihear Province, Choam Khsant 1931; Stuart and Platt, 2004), Kratie (Bezuijen et al., District: ZFMK-PA FI 47, 13°58' N 104°53' E, 62 m a.s.l., 2009), Mondulkiri (Stuart and Platt, 2004) and Pursat 19 September 2009; ZFMK-PA FI 48–49, 14°05'03.9" N provinces (Bourret, 1941). 104°33'45.9" E, 52 m a.s.l., 12 December 2009; ZFMK- Trionychidae PA FI 59–60, 14°03'01.7" N 104°42'18.3" E, 59 m a.s.l., Amyda cartilaginea (Boddaert, 1770) (Figure 5 H) 8 December 2009; and ZFMK-PA FI 61–62, 14°01'53.4" IUCN status: Vulnerable (VU). N 104°36'29.8" E, 56 m a.s.l., 9 December 2009. Kulen Photo voucher: Preah Vihear Province, Kulen District: District: ZFMK-PA FI 42, 13°51'34.6" N 104°50'02.7" E, ZFMK-PA FI 50, 13°51'57.5" N 104°40'20.6" E, 65 53 m a.s.l., 4 August 2009; ZFMK-PA FI 43, 13°51'09.5" m a.s.l., 7 September 2009. Tbeng Meanchey District: N 104°50'03.7" E, 54 m a.s.l., 23 November 2009; and ZFMK-PA FI 51–52, 13°52'40.4" N 104°58'56.1" E, 50 m ZFMK-PA FI 44-46, 13°51'57.5" N 104°40'20.6" E, 53 a.s.l., 6 December 2009. Photo vouchers by F. Ihlow. m a.s.l., 7 November 2009. Tbeng Meanchey District: Remarks: Three plastrons agree with Boulenger’s (1889) ZFMK-PA FI 63-64, 13°52'40.4" N 104°58'56.1" E, 50 m diagnosis as the epiplastra are in contact in front of the a.s.l., 11 December 2009. Photo vouchers by F. Ihlow. entoplastron, which form an obtuse or a right angle. They Remarks: Fourteen specimens agree with Taylor’s fully match Karl’s (1998) expanded description in having (1970) diagnosis in having an elongated carapace with a the hyo- and hypoplastra fused into hyohypoplastra, single supracaudal scute. The carapace is yellow in colour which possess a prominent processus hypoplastralis with more or less distinct black blotches on the centre of medialis anterior, and Taylor’s (1970) diagnosis in each scute. possessing long and slender anterior processes of the A large female (ZFMK-PA FI 42; SCL 24 cm) was epiplastra. encountered at 06:26 h in a patch of open deciduous The plastron of one individual (ZFMK-PA FI 50) dipterocarp forest with dense bamboo understory. was encountered and photo-vouchered in a local house One subadult female (ZFMK-PA FI 43; SCL 15.2 cm, at Pyuor Chruk Village. According to the resident, the weighted 600 g) was encountered at 11:29 h in its daytime animal was collected for human consumption in a stream retreat in dense bamboo understory within an open close to the village. The plastron was dried and smoked deciduous dipterocarp forest. Both animals were weighed, to conserve it for trade. Two plastrons of A. cartilaginea measured and photo-vouchered prior to their release. were photo-vouchered at local residences in Krala Peas The carapace of an adult male (ZFMK-PA FI 45; SCL Village (ZFMK-PA FI 51–52). 22.9 cm), an adult female (ZFMK-PA FI 44; SCL 22.3 The species was previously reported from the cm) and a subadult female (ZFMK-PA FI 46; SCL 14.4 Cardamom Mountains (Daltry and Chheang, 2000; Daltry cm) were photo-vouchered in a resident’s house at Pyuor and Traeholt, 2003; Stuart and Platt, 2004; Swan and Chruk Village. Two adult females (ZFMK-PA FI 47; SCL Daltry, 2002), Kratie (Bezuijen et al., 2009), and Stung 22.2 cm, weighted 1120 g; SCL 20.4 cm, weighted 1120 Treng provinces (Singh et al., 2006). g) were found in a local house at Tmat Paeuy Village. Both were collected by residents for human consumption Agamidae within 5 kilometres of the village. One living specimen Calotes mystaceus Duméril & Bibron, 1837 (Figure 6 A) (ZFMK-PA FI 48; SCL 16.5 cm) and one complete IUCN status: Not assessed. shell of a female (ZFMK-PA FI 49; SCL 24.5 cm) Material examined: Preah Vihear Province, Kulen were encountered in a resident’s house at Choam Antil District: ZFMK 90413 13°49'08.1" N 104°49'27.9" E, 54 Village. One carapace and one complete shell of female m a.s.l., 15 July 2009. Collected by T. Hartmann. tortoises were photo-vouchered in a local house at Krala Photo voucher: Oddar Meanchey Province, Trapeang 46 Asian Herpetological Research Vol. 4

Figure 5 Chelonians of the KPWS. A: Adult male Cuora amboinensis (ZFMK-PA FI 21); B: Carapace of an adult Heosemys annandalii (ZFMK-PA FI 23); C: Juvenile Malayemys subtrijuga (ZFMK-PA FI 31); D: Adult female Malayemys subtrijuga (ZFMK-PA FI 32); E: Shell of a subadult Heosemys grandis (ZFMK-PA FI 25); F: Adult female Indotestudo elongata (ZFMK-PA FI 42); G: Shell of an adult Siebenrockiella crassicollis (ZFMK-PA FI 40); H: Plastron of Amyda cartilaginea (ZFMK-PA FI 50). All photos by F. Ihlow.

Prasat District: ZFMK-PA SE 27, 14°04'45.9" N Remarks: One juvenile (ZFMK 90413) and one 104°10'50.1" E, 96 m a.s.l., 28 April 2011. Photo voucher adult male (ZFMK-PA SE 27; SVL 114.1, TL by S. Edwards. 223.3 mm, weighted 56 g) are in full accordance No. 1 Timo HARTMANN et al. Amphibians and Reptiles of Kulen Promtep Wildlife Sanctuary in Cambodia 47 with the diagnosis of Taylor (1963) in bearing IUCN status: Not assessed. backwards and upward pointing scales on the Photo voucher: Oddar Meanchey Province, Trapeang sides of the body; an oblique fold and triangular Prasat District: ZFMK-PA SE 28–29, 14°4'51.8" N pit in front of shoulder covered by small granular 104°10'39.1" E, 100 m a.s.l., 22 May 2011. Photo scales; dorsal scales larger than ventrals, postorbital vouchers by S. Edwards. spine absent. They also agree with Stuart et al.’s Remarks: One adult (ZFMK-PA SE 28; SVL 184 mm, (2006) description in having one spine above the TL 482 mm, weighted 180 g) and one juvenile (ZFMK- tympanum and one on the occiput about midway between PA SE 29; SVL 150.2 mm, TL 102.4 mm, weighted 5 the tympanum and nuchal crest. The characteristic and g) were recorded, and they are in full accordance with eponymous white stripe on the upper lip and side of head Taylor’s (1963) expanded description by having two known in adults is not yet discernible in the juvenile diverging series of enlarged scales on lower jaw, larger specimen. than infralabials; strongly compressed tails, heavily The juvenile specimen was collected at 14:30 h on keeled below; scales at base of the elongated fourth toe the ground close to a tree in open dipterocarp forest. The bordering outer edge of digit with a high compressed keel. adult male was found at 07:51 h in a pitfall trap in an area The adult also agrees with Taylor’s (1963) description in of semi-evergreen forest heavily degraded for agricultural having a well-developed continuous nuchal and dorsal use. crest, while the caudal crest is well separated by a hiatus. In Cambodia, C. mystaceus is known from the Both individuals were found close to a small river in Cardamom Mountains (Daltry and Chheang, 2000; Daltry an area where semi-evergreen forest and forest heavily and Traeholt, 2003; Stuart and Emmett, 2006; Swan and degraded for agricultural use abutted (08:10 h and 15:51 Daltry, 2002), Kratie (Bezuijen et al., 2009), Mondulkiri h). and Ratanakiri provinces (Stuart et al., 2006). The species was previously reported from Kratie (Bezuijen et al., 2009), Mondulkiri, Stung Treng Leiolepis rubritaeniata Mertens, 1961 and Virachey provinces (Stuart et al., 2006), and the IUCN status: Not assessed. Cardamom Mountains (Daltry and Chheang, 2000; Sight record: Preah Vihear Province, Kulen District: Grismer et al., 2007b; Long et al., 2002; Stuart and 13°52'39.2" N 104°51'54.5" E, 42 m a.s.l., 10 July 2009. Emmett, 2006; Swan and Daltry, 2002). Sight record by T. Hartmann. Remarks: One adult male was observed basking. In Lacertidae comparison with additional material of L. rubritaeniata Takydromus sexlineatus Daudin, 1802 (Figure 6 C) from the Phnom Kulen National Park in Siem Reap IUCN status: Least Concern (LC). Province, Cambodia (ZFMK 90305-90307, ZFMK Photo voucher: Preah Vihear Province, Kulen District: ZFMK-PA FI 53, 13°51'57.4" N 104°49'30.8" E, 56 m 92599–605), the characteristic colouration pattern fully a.s.l., 16 September 2009. Photo voucher by F. Ihlow. agrees with the thorough description given by Peters Remarks: One adult male (ZFMK-PA FI 53) matches (1971) in having a polygonal almost net-like pattern Smith’s (1935) and Taylor’s (1963) descriptions of made of the borders of faded ocelli at dorsum; colourful Takydromus sexlineatus ocellatus Cuvier, 1829, in having alternating black and reddish-barred expandable flank a tail nearly four times as long as distance from snout to markings reduced to proximate post-axillary region; vent; nasals meeting on median line; frontal scale keeled; plain reddish-orange on lateral half of flanks up to groin. 12 ventral rows of enlarged keeled scales, keels forming Following Peters’ (1971) revision of the genus, the dorsal continuous straight lines; a single preanal pore on each and lateral coloration of males in Leiolepis is a valid side and a large anal scale flanked by two small scales taxonomic character to distinguish between taxa. on each side. It resembles Smith’s (1935) and Taylor’s We follow Hartmann et al. (2012) in recognizing the (1963) description of Takydromus sexlineatus sexlineatus taxon rubritaeniata as a full species. Daudin, 1802 in having smooth (not keeled) head shields, The specimen was observed using binoculars at 11:00 except for the feebly keeled frontal scales. It disagrees h on a sunny day in a sparsely overgrown sandy grassland with the Cambodian specimens of Grismer et al. (2008a), area adjacent to an open dipterocarp forest. Stuart et al. (2006) and Stuart and Emmett (2006) in Previously, it was only reported from Siem Reap having prominent ocellate spots on flanks. Province (Hartmann et al., 2012). The individual was captured by hand at 13:18 h in a Physignathus cocincinus Cuvier, 1829 (Figure 6 B) pile of old fishing net in Takeng Village. 48 Asian Herpetological Research Vol. 4

This species was previously reported from the smooth dorsal scales. Their colouration exactly resembles Cardamom Mountains (Grismer et al., 2008b; Stuart and the specimen depicted in Geissler et al. (2011) in having Emmett, 2006), Kratie (Bezuijen et al., 2009), Mondulkiri a brown dorsum, each scale with a blackish spot forming and Ratanakiri provinces (Stuart et al., 2006). longitudinal lines; dorsolateral stripe thick, dark brown, light-edged above; flanks and lateral parts of head an tail Scincidae base spotted with black and white; ventral surface cream Lipinia vittigera (Boulenger, 1894) (Figure 6 D) with bright yellow. IUCN status: Not assessed. One individual was encountered behind a loose bark Material examined: Preah Vihear Province, Kulen on an old tree trunk at 13:20 h in open dipterocarp District: ZFMK 90419, 13°53'06.2" N 104°52'55.2" E, 70 forest. Two individuals were found at 06:30 h in a pitfall m a.s.l., 10 July 2009. Collected by T. Hartmann. trap in an area of forest heavily disturbed and used for Photo voucher: Oddar Meanchey Province, Trapeang agricultural purposes. Prasat District: ZFMK-PA SE 30, 14°04'40.8" N Previously, it was recorded from the Cardamom 104°10'38.6" E, 99 m a.s.l., 05 Feb. 2011. Photo voucher Mountains (Daltry and Chheang, 2000; Grismer et al., by S. Edwards. 2007b; Stuart and Emmett, 2006; Swan and Daltry, 2002), Remarks: Two adult females (ZFMK 90419, ZFMK- Kratie (Bezuijen et al., 2009), and Siem Reap provinces PA SE 30; SVL 40.2 mm, TL 46.0 mm, weighted 1.1 (Geissler et al., 2011). g) match the description of Lipinia vittigera by Taylor (1963) in having a pointed snout; ear opening smaller Scincella melanosticta (Boulenger, 1887) (Figure 6 F) than transparent disk on eyelid, without lobules; two large IUCN status: Not assessed. preanals; transversely widened subcaudals; light vertebral Material examined: Preah Vihear Province, Kulen stripe extending from tip of snout to base of tail bordered District: ZFMK 90420–423, 13°53'06.2" N 104°52'55.2" by black body fields; and flanks light with black flecks. E, 70 m a.s.l., 10 July 2009. Collected by T. Hartmann. One female was collected at 12:30 h foraging on Remarks: Four specimens (ZFMK 90420–423) are in a fallen tree trunk in a small patch of disturbed semi- full accordance with Taylor’s (1963), Ouboter’s (1986) evergreen forest. While the other individual was caught at and Stuart and Emmett’s (2006) diagnoses in slightly 06:40 h in a pitfall set in an area of semi-evergreen forest overlapping adpressed limbs; scales in 32–38 rows; within 100 m of the forest’s border to a heavily degraded prefrontals in broad contact; colouration in life golden area used for agriculture. brown above, with black spots scattered on dorsal scales In Cambodia, L. vittigera is known from the and black dorsolateral band broken up by small whitish Cardamom Mountains (Daltry and Chheang, 2000; Daltry spots. and Traeholt, 2003; Grismer et al., 2007b; Long et al., The specimens were collected between 10:00 h and 2002, Stuart and Emmett, 2006, Swan and Daltry, 2002), 13:00 h in leaf litter between rocks in a small patch of Kratie (Bezuijen et al., 2009), and Ratanakiri provinces disturbed semi-evergreen forest. (Stuart et al., 2006). In Cambodia, S. melanosticta has so far only been reported from the Cardamom Mountains (Daltry and Lygosoma bowringii (Günther, 1864) (Figure 6 E) Chheang, 2000; Daltry and Traeholt, 2003; Grismer et al., IUCN status: Not assessed. 2007b; Long et al., 2002; Stuart and Emmett, 2006). Material examined: Oddar Meanchey Province, Trapeang Prasat District: ZFMK-PA SE 31–32, Gekkonidae 14°04'45.9" N 104°10'35.5" E, 100 m a.s.l., 18 January Dixonius siamensis (Boulenger, 1894) (Figure 6 G) 2011. Photo-voucher by S. Edwards. IUCN status: Not assessed. Preah Vihear Province, Kulen District: ZFMK-PA FI Material examined: Preah Vihear Province, Kulen 54, 13°51'38.40" N 104°50'07.88" E, 53 m a.s.l., 15 District: ZFMK 90424, 13°53'06.2" N 104°52'55.2" E, 70 September 2009. Photo-voucher by F. Ihlow. m a.s.l., 10 July 2009. Collected by T. Hartmann. Remarks: Three individuals (ZFMK-PA SE 31–32; SVL Photo voucher: Preah Vihear Province, Kulen District: 47.8–48.2 mm, TL 50.5–59.4 mm, weighted 2.7–3.6 g; ZFMK-PA FI 55, 13°51'28.08" N 104°50'22.93" E, 54 m ZFMK-PA FI 54) are in full accordance with the expanded a.s.l., 17 September 2011. Photo voucher by F. Ihlow. diagnosis given by Geissler et al. (2011) and Taylor Remarks: One juvenile (ZFMK 90424) and one adult (1963) in having paired frontoparietals; 28 midbody scale (ZFMK-PA FI 55) agree closely with the expanded rows; very short limbs, not touching when adpressed and diagnosis by Taylor (1963) in having widened lamellae No. 1 Timo HARTMANN et al. Amphibians and Reptiles of Kulen Promtep Wildlife Sanctuary in Cambodia 49 at terminal part of digits; a vertebral series of fine body National Park in having smooth, highly iridescent scales; scales flanked by 5 rows of enlarged, keeled scales that brown dorsal scales, with the first row being creamy- blend ventrally into large, imbricate, cycloid scales, white edged in brown, the second to fourth rows brown ventral scales with minute posterior serrations; subcaudals edged in creamy-white; creamy-white ventral scales, transversely widened; preanal pores in a curving angular brown at outer edges posteriorly and a wedge-shaped series; lacking a dark lateral stripe on the head; and lips head, indistinct from neck. barred with cream and black. We follow Pauwels et al.’s (2003) arguments, which Both individuals were encountered between 08:10 h are in agreement with Article 50.1 of the Code (ICZN, and 14:30 h inactively hiding under wooden debris in a 1999) and recognize Boie (1827) as the sole author of this disturbed area of open deciduous dipterocarp forest. taxon. This ground dwelling gekkonid lizard was previously The specimen was collected shortly after dusk (18:30 found in the Cardamom Mountains (Daltry and Chheang, h) while moving rapidly out of a flooded rice field into 2000; Grismer et al., 2007b), and in Kratie Province adjacent scrub. (Bezuijen et al., 2009). Previously, X. unicolor was recorded from the Cardamom Mountains (Stuart and Emmett, 2006) and Varanidae (Stuart et al., 2006). Bourret (1934) Varanus nebulosus (Gray, 1831) (Figure 6 H) and Saint Girons (1972) reported the species from the IUCN status: Not assessed*. lowlands of Cambodia. * IUCN still treats V. nebulosus as a subspecies of Varanus bengalensis which is listed as Least Concern Pareatidae (LC). Pareas margaritophorus (Jan, 1866) Photo voucher: Preah Vihear Province, Kulen District: IUCN status: Not assessed. ZFMK-PA FI 56, 13°51'33.68" N 104°50'11.72" E, 53 m Photo voucher: Oddar Meanchey Province, Trapeang a.s.l., 13 August 2009. Photo voucher by F. Ihlow. Prasat District: ZFMK-PA SE 33, 14°2'58.7" N Remarks: One subadult individual (ZFMK-PA FI 56; 104°7'10.0" E, 97 m a.s.l., 07 February 2011. Photo SVL 33 cm) fully agrees with Taylor’s (1963) diagnosis voucher by S. Edwards. in having elongated nostrils twice as close to the eye as to Remarks: One adult individual (ZFMK-PA SE 33) is in the tip of the snout; scales on neck only slightly enlarged, full accordance to Smith’s (1943) description in having subcircular and without keels; dark above without supralabials separated from eye by suboculars; absence of transverse bands; ear larger than eye opening. a mental groove; dorsal scales smooth; 15 mid-body scale The individual was encountered during at 11:05 h in rows; head being distinct from neck; body laterally not open deciduous dipterocarp forest community with dense compressed; dorsal scales greyish, edged in black; series bamboo understory. of transversely aligned black spots extending from neck In Cambodia, V. nebulosus has been reported from to tail base and a distinct whitish nuchal band. lowland forest areas in eastern Cambodia (Long et al., The individual was found at 15:30 h in an area of semi- 2000), Kratie Province (Bezuijen et al., 2009), and the evergreen forest bordering an area of heavily disturbed Cardamom Mountains (Daltry and Chheang, 2000; Daltry and used for agriculture. and Traeholt, 2003). Previously, this species was recorded from the Cardamom Mountains (Grismer et al., 2007b, 2008a; Xenopeltidae Stuart and Emmett, 2006) and Stung Treng Province unicolor Boie, 1827 (Figure 7 A) (Stuart et al., 2006). IUCN status: Least Concern (LC). Material examined: Preah Vihear Province, Kulen Homalopsidae District: ZFMK 90431, 13°51'57.4" N 104°49'30.8" E, 48 Enhydris bocourti (Jan, 1865) (Figure 7 B) m a.s.l., 11 July 2009. Collected by T. Hartmann. IUCN status: Least Concern (LC). Remarks: One adult specimen (ZFMK 90431) is in Photo voucher: Oddar Meanchey Province, Anlong full accordance to Taylor’s (1965) and Orlov’s (2001) Veng District: ZFMK-PA SE 35, 14°4'19.6" N 104°8'34.3" expanded diagnoses in having two postorbital scales; E, 104 m a.s.l., 10 August 2011. Photo voucher by 15 midbody scalerows; widened ventrals; 8 supralabial S. Edwards. and 176 ventral scales. It also agrees with Stuart et al.’s Remarks: One adult individual (ZFMK-PA SE 35) is (2006) description of the specimens from the Virachey in full accordance to Stuart and Emmett’s (2006) and 50 Asian Herpetological Research Vol. 4

Figure 6 Lizards of the KPWS. A: Juvenile Calotes mystaceus (ZFMK 90413), Photo by T. Hartmann; B: Adult Physignathus cocincinus (ZFMK-PA SE 28), Photo by S. Edwards; C: Male Takydromus sexlineatus (ZFMK-PA FI 53), Photo by F. Ihlow; D: Adult female Lipinia vittigera (ZFMK 90419), Photo by T. Hartmann; E: Adult male Lygosoma bowringii (ZFMK-PA SE 31), Photo by S. Edwards; F: Adult female Scincella melanosticta (ZFMK 90420), Photo by T. Hartmann; G: Juvenile Dixonius siamensis (ZFMK 90424), Photo by T. Hartmann; H: Subadult Varanus nebulosus (ZFMK-PA FI 56), Photo by F. Ihlow. No. 1 Timo HARTMANN et al. Amphibians and Reptiles of Kulen Promtep Wildlife Sanctuary in Cambodia 51

Murphy’s (2007) descriptions of a specimen from the Remarks: One adult individual (ZFMK-PA SE 36) Cardamom Mountains in having a stout habitus; nasals in matches Smith’s (1943) and Taylor’s (1965) descriptions contact; smooth scales; coloration in life dark brown with in having two enlarged, fang-like teeth anteriorly; a short yellowish-brown bands on back; dark colouration on back snout, truncate in profile; internasals much smaller than tapering into vertical bars on sides that reach the yellow prefrontals; narrow, elongate, bell-shaped frontal; one venter. preocular forming part of the canthus rostralis. The photographed individual was encountered at 19:20 The individual was found at 15:15 h on the banks of a h actively swimming in a large, seasonal pond in an area permanent small stream in an undisturbed place of semi- of undisturbed semi-evergreen forest. evergreen forest used as a basecamp during surveys. The species was known from the Cardamom The species was well recorded from the Cardamom Mountains (Bourret, 1934; Stuart and Emmett, 2006), Mountains (Daltry and Chheang, 2000; Daltry and and Battambang, Kampong Chhnang, Kampong Thom, Traeholt, 2003; Grismer et al., 2007a, 2008b; Long et al., Kampot, Pursat and Siem Reap provinces (Brooks et al., 2002; Saint Girons, 1972; Stuart and Emmett, 2006). 2007; Saint Girons, 1972; Stuart et al., 2000). Saint Girons (1972) also reported the species from central Cambodia. Colubridae Psammodynastes pulverulentus (Boie, 1827) (Figure 7 C) Oligodon taeniatus (Günther, 1861) (Figure 7 D) IUCN status: Not assessed. IUCN status: Not assessed. Photo voucher: Oddar Meanchey Province, Anlong Photo voucher: Preah Vihear Province, Kulen District: Veng District: ZFMK-PA SE 36, 14°04'37.1" N ZFMK-PA FI 57, 13°51'32.02" N 104°50'31.00" E, 52 m 104°08'12.5" E, 101 m a.s.l., 15 August 2011. Photo a.s.l., 11 September 2011. Photo voucher by F. Ihlow. voucher by A. O’Brien. Remarks: We assign our photographed individual

Figure 7 of the KPWS. A: Adult Xenopeltis unicolor (ZFMK 90431), Photo by T. Hartmann; B: Enhydris bocourti (ZFMK-PA SE 35), Photo by S. Edwards; C: Psammodynastes pulverulentus (ZFMK-PA SE 36), Photo by A. O’Brien; D: Oligodon taeniatus (ZFMK-PA FI 57), Photo by F. Ihlow. 52 Asian Herpetological Research Vol. 4

(ZFMK-PA FI 57) to O. taeniatus based on its accordance Bezuijen et al., (2009) identified three specimens from to the differential diagnosis given by David et al. (2008). Kratie Province as Xenochrophis piscator, based on the Our individual differs from all other species of the absence of the above-mentioned broad and distinct dark taeniatus-group in having 19 scale rows at midbody and margins on their ventral scales. a pattern made of one vertebral stripe edged with two paravertebral stripes, plus one dorsolateral stripe on each 5. Discussion side. The individual was captured basking on a tree trunk Our records of 22 species of amphibians and 33 species at 09:28 h at the edge of a flooded open deciduous of reptiles belonging to 44 genera in 22 families from the dipterocarp forest patch. KPWS in the Northern Plains of Cambodia include three David et al. (2008) listed specimens of O. taeniatus species (Ingerophrynus macrotis, Micryletta inornata, collected from Battambang, Koh Kong, Kampong and Scincella melanosticta) that had previously only been Chhnang, Phnom Penh and Siem Reap provinces. reported from the Cardamom Mountains in the southwest of the country. Natricidae However, all the three species are known to occur in Xenochrophis flavipunctatus (Hallowell, 1860) neighbouring and (Bain and Hurley, 2011). IUCN status: Not assessed. Hence, our records indicate that these species may also Material examined: Preah Vihear Province, Kulen be present in Cambodia’s eastern provinces. Therewith, District: ZFMK 90429, 13°49'04.1" N 104°49'38.2" E, 52 m a.s.l., 12 July 2009. Collected by T. Hartmann. our findings of the three species further support Bain and Photo voucher: Preah Vihear Province, Kulen District: Hurley’s (2011) assumption in not recognizing the Lower ZFMK-PA FI 58, 13°51'32.02" N 104°50'31.00" E, 52 m River as a general zoogeographic barrier for a.s.l., 11 September 2011. Photo voucher by F. Ihlow. amphibians and reptiles. Remarks: One adult (ZFMK-PA FI 58) and one The relative conservation importance of the study subadult (ZFMK 90429) match Vogel and David’s (2006) area for its herpetofauna is somewhat heterogeneous. colouration-based characterisation in having a dorsal On the one hand, 43.6% of the species (59.1% in pattern made of small dark blotches and streaks, larger on amphibians, 33.3% in reptiles) recorded in the study sides; small white dorsolateral dots; a well-defined nuchal area are characteristic for anthropogenically modified marking, in a direct V-shape; two well-defined subocular environments (sensu Bezuijen et al., 2009; Stuart streaks, with the posterior one extending from the eye et al., 2006; Stuart and Emmett, 2006) and have broad to the corner of the mouth. In meristics, the subadult geographic ranges in mainland Southeast Asia. On specimen matches Vogel and David’s (2006) account in the other hand, our records also include two globally having 134 ventral and 78 subcaudal scales. Endangered species (Heosemys annandalii and In contrast to the photo-vouchered adult, the juvenile Indotestudo elongata), five globally Vulnerable species specimen disagrees with Vogel and David’s (2006) (Cuora amboinensis, Heosemys grandis, Malayemys description in having only very faint (in contrast to broad subtrijuga, Siebenrockiella crassicollis, and Amyda and distinct) dark margins at ventral and subcaudal scales. cartilaginea) and one globally Near Threatened species However, Vogel and David (2006) point out the highly (Theloderma stellatum) (IUCN, 2012). Due to illegal variable colouration in X. flavipunctatus and also mention logging, deforestation for agriculture, and hunting for the reddish hues, which are very distinct in our subadult human consumption, it is likely that the populations specimen. of those already threatened species will further decline The subadult specimen was collected at 20:30 h after in the KPWS, especially due to the accessibility of the emerging from a small pond within a patch of bamboo in mostly flat, open lowland habitats. Considering these open dipterocarp forest. The adult individual was caught threats, our records of these eight highly conservation- by locals using electric fishing equipment at 07:45 h in a relevant species underline the importance of countrywide small pond within open dipterocarp forest, and then it was herpetological baseline surveys in lowland habitats. handed over for taking photo-vouchers. Still, our annotated checklist of the herpetofauna of Previously, it was recorded from the Cardamom the KPWS represents only an initial first step to reveal all Mountains (Daltry and Chheang, 2000; Long et al., information on its herpetofauna. Our number of recorded 2001; Swan and Daltry, 2002), Battambang, Kampong species is certainly not representing the total number of Chhnang and Siem Reap provinces (Brooks et al., 2007). species occurring at the KPWS. A noticeable number of No. 1 Timo HARTMANN et al. Amphibians and Reptiles of Kulen Promtep Wildlife Sanctuary in Cambodia 53 expected widespread lowland species (e.g., Glyphoglossus References molossus, Varanus salvator, Ptyas korros, Naja kaouthia, and Calloselasma rhodostoma) were not found, but are Bain R. H., Nguyen Q. T. 2004. Three New Species of Narrow- very likely to occur at the KPWS as well. However, only Mouth (Genus: Microhyla) from Indochina, with further fieldwork will prove the existence of these species Comments on Microhyla annamensis and Microhyla palmipes. Copeia, 2004(3): 507–524 in the study area. Bezuijen M. R., Vinn B., Seng L. 2009. A collection of amphibians and reptiles from the Mekong River, north-eastern Cambodia. Acknoledgements We are grateful to H. E. Chay Hamadryad, 34: 135–164 Smith [General Director of the General Department for Boie F. 1827. Bemerkungen über Merrem’s Versuch eines Systems Administration of Nature Conservation and Protection der Amphibien, 1. Lieferung: Ophidier. Isis van Oken, 20: 508– (GDANCP), Ministry of Environment (MoE) of the Royal 566 (In German) Government of Cambodia], for kindly issuing the relevant Boulenger G. A. 1889. Catalogue of the Chelonians, permits (GDANCP/MoE no: 277). We thank Sy Ramony Rhynchocephalians, and Crocodiles in the British Museum (Natural History). London, United Kingdom: British Museum (Director of Department of National Parks and Wildlife Bourret R. 1934. Notes herpétologiques sur l’Indochine, Française. Sanctuaries of GDANCP, MoE) for his generous support. IV. Sur une collection d’ophidiens de Cochinchine et du Furthermore, T. Hartmann and F. Ihlow are indebted to Cambodge. Bull Gen Instruct Publ, 1: 13–25 (In French) Ea Sokah (Project Manager and Director of the KPWS) Bourret R. 1941. Les tortues de l’lndochine. Inst Oceanogr for kindly supporting our surveys, and to Hugo Rainey lndochine, 38: 1–235 (In French) (former technical advisor of the Northern Plains Project Bourret R. 1942. Les batraciens de l’Indochine. Mem Inst Oceanogr lndochine, 6: 1–547 (In French) and Cambodia Vulture Conservation Project, WCS Brooks S. E., Allison E. H., Reynolds J. D. 2007. Vulnerability Cambodia) for facilitating the permit processes and for of Cambodian water snakes: Initial assessment of the impact of his manifold support. hunting at Tonle Sap Lake. Biol Conserv, 139: 401–414 S. Edwards would like to thank all Frontier Cambodia Chen L. Q., Murphy R. W., Lathrop A., Ngo A., Orlov N. L., Ho field staff, research assistants and the KPWS rangers. S. C. T., Somorjai I. 2005. Taxonomic chaos in Asian ranid frogs: Edwards is also especially grateful to Aaron Sexton for an initial phylogenetic resolution. Herpetol J, 15: 231–243 his support and logistical assistance during fieldwork. Chuaynkern Y., Ohler A., Inthra C., Kumtong P., Dubois A. 2004. The recent distribution of Rana milleti Smith, 1921 in S. Edwards thanks Zoe Balmforth and Sam Lloyd, for mainland Southeast Asia with the first record of Cambodia. Nat providing technical support. T. Hartmann is indebted to Hist J Chulalongkorn Univ, 4: 1–13 Neang Thy (Department of National Parks and Wildlife Cochran D. M. 1927. New reptiles and batrachians collected by Dr. Sanctuaries of GDANCP, MoE) for facilitating the export Hugh M. Smith in Siam. Proc Biol Soc Wash, 40: 179–192 permit process for the specimens. F. Ihlow is indebted Daltry J. C., Chheang D. 2000. Reptiles. In Daltry J. C., Momberg to all the KPWS rangers, the boatdriver Mr. On, Mr. F. (Eds.), Cardamom Mountains Biodiversity Survey 2000. Sochenda Chim, Mr. Vann Rours (WCS), Mr. Yim Yoeun, Phnom Penh, Cambodia: Fauna and Flora International, 98–110 Daltry J. C., Traeholt C. 2003. Reptile and amphibian survey. In Mr. Phu Sokeng and Mr. Song Chansocheat for their daily Daltry J. C., Momberg F. (Eds.), Biodiversity Assessment of the support and assistance in several matters of translation Southern Cardamoms and Botum-Sakor Peninsula. Phnom Penh, and organisation. We thank J. Allison and A. O’Brien for Cambodia: WildAid Cambodia Program, and Department of kindly providing photographs. Forestry and Wildlife, 82–100 Fieldwork of T. Hartmann was partially funded by the Daltry J. C., Wüster W. 2002. A new species of wolf snake Alexander Koenig Gesellschaft (AKG) and the Angkor (Serpentes: Colubridae: Lycodon) from the Cardamom Mountains, southwestern Cambodia. Herpetologica, 58: 498–504 Centre for Conservation of Biodiversity (ACCB). The David P., Vogel G., Van Rooijen J. 2008. A revision of the first survey of F. Ihlow was financially supported by Oligodon taeniatus (Günther, 1861) group (: the ACCB and the European Association of Zoos and Colubridae), with the description of three new species from the Aquaria (EAZA) Shellshock Campaign, provided through Indochinese Region. Zootaxa, 1965: 1–49 the Turtle Conservation Fund (TCF). The second survey Emmett D., Rowley J., Stuart B. 2007. Reptile and amphibian of F. Ihlow was kindly funded by the Schildkröten- survey. In Emmett D. (Ed.), Preliminary Report. Virachey Interessengemeinschaft Schweiz (SIGS) and the Fonds National Park Rapid Assessment Program 1–15 October 2007. Phnom Penh, Cambodia: Conservation International-Cambodia, zum Schutz weltweit bedrohter Amphibien und Reptilien 19–26 of the Zoological Society for the Conservation of Species Frost D. R., Grant T., Faivovich J., Bain R. H., Haas A., Haddad and Populations (ZGAP) and the German Society for C. F. B., De Sa R. O., Channing A., Wilkinson M., Donnellan Herpetology and Herpetoculture (DGHT). S. C., Raxworthy C. J., Campbell J. A., Blotto B. L., Moler 54 Asian Herpetological Research Vol. 4

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