DC Fast Charging Infrastructure a D T F ABB Ti an Update from ABB

Fabian Hess – ABB Product Grouppgg EV Charging Infrastructure Tokyo - Oct 6, 2011 DC Fast Charging Infrastructure An upd a te f rom ABB perspec tive EV Charging Infrastructure New Product Group in ABB

. Global leader in ppgower and automation technologies . 124,000 employees in about 100 countries . Formed in 1988 merger of Swiss and Swedish engineering companies.Predecessors founded in 1883 (Asea) and 1891 (Brown Boveri) . Dedicated Product Group located in Rijswijk (HQ) Headquarters, Rijswijk, the and Eindhoven ((p),Software development center), The Netherlands Netherlands . In 2011, ABB strengthened it’s EV charging activities by aquiring Epyon B.V. . Epyon (60+ FTE) was an early leader in DC fast charging infrastructure . 6-yypears experience and core ex pertise in DC fast charging of Li-Ion batteries

Software development center at high- . Commercial products in the field since May 2010 tech campus, Eindhoven, the Netherlands

Terra DC Fast Galaxy Houston API Terra Charge Chargers management tools Suites Clusters

Webconnected intelligent Webbased management Professional Turnkey charging DDCC fastfast cchargingharging systesystemsms tootoolsls forfor ssiteite management,management, bacbackofficekoffice integrationintegration sosolutionslutions forfor botbothh ACAC statistics and configuration interfaces and DC configured to your needs

Reference deployments in Germany, The Netherlands, UK, Ireland, Finland, Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Switzerland, France, Czech Republic, Italy, China, Taiwan

Volumetric energy density (Wh/l) LFP/C Stationary energy storage LMO/LTO 5 LFP/LTO HEV Stationary energy storage 4 NCA/C Module investment cost 3 Max. C-rate LFP/C per cycled kWh (charge) LMO/C 2 HEV

Thermodynamic stability (safety related) Cycle Life Abbreviations and notes: . Li[NixCoyAlz]O2 (NCA) . LiFePO4 (LFP) . Mixed cathode (LMO) . LiCoO2 (LCO) . Graphite (C) . Li Ti O (LTO) – long life >10,000 cycles 5 4 12 Module investment cost © ABB Group September 30, 2011 | Slide 6 Lithium-Ion Battery Technology Assessment 30-50 kW example with Nissan Leaf

Core expertise and database with over 2 billion measurements based on 6 years of research in ABB labs with many different li-ion batteries

Industry defacto China Europe US

SAE J1772 CHAdeMO IEC 60309-2 IEC 61851-22 Charging ‘level1-3’ DC fast charging Socket/plug (old) AC charge station Standard IEC 61851-1 AC Plug/socket Charging ‘mode1-4’ SAE J2293 released IEC 61851-21 Vehicle-pole-grid AC/DC supply

SAE J2847 IEC 62196-2 SAE J2836-(1-5) -1:Veh.-pole-grid Standard GB/T XXXX-201x Socket/plug (new) Use cases Cov ers ev ery thing -2:DC charger for review -3:rev. power flow -4: car-pole -5: car-user

IEC 61851-24 SAE J2931 Standard Car – charge pole SG interface IEC 61851-23 SAE J1772 intended DC charge station Update Power flow DC charging

Network membership Online / Telco models Direct payment models (various models) systems/local (RFiD smart card) payment models

. Pay per use . Flat-fee (€ x / month) . Flat-fee (€ x / month) . Free of charge if you buy . Flat-fee + fee per session . Pay per use coffee/lunch . Pay vi a sm s, sm ar tph on e, . Credit-card or pa y in shop apps

None of the models seem to focus on payment per kWh only! Time-based or session-based fees are the standard

• Create standardized many more.... interfaces short-term

• Interoperability

• Based on open protocols

• Vendor independent , no lock-in mechanisms

• No license fees terface nn

• Not too complicated (long integration projects) open i

. OCPP is an back-office integration protocol specifically designed for EV chargers . OCCP was developed in 2009-2010, proven and robust technology . OCPP is quickly becoming a standard for EV charger back-office integration . OCPP is an opppen protocol , no licence fees are re quired . More information can be found at: http://www.ocpp.nl/ . Specification is managed by steering group including utilities & charger makers . OCPP is supported by utilities, charger makers and network operators from Germany, Scandinavia, UK, Ireland, and The Netherlands

OCPP

ABB services Authorization and Client Client’s customers Transaction messages

protocol adapter

The authorization and transaction support APIs connect the chargers to the customer’s subscriber management solution and back-office

AthbibAny other subscriber Customer back-office management or payment mechanism at the customer side

OCPP • Remote start event • Remote stop event

Authentication & transaction API . Cloud authorization can simply be Houston platform achieved via the Remote Start & Remo te Stop f uncti onalit y in OCPP . Enabling a multitude of authorisation mechanisms such as SMS, phone, Apps, smartphones, etc. . At the “start” and “stop” of the session the session data (kWh, details) is sent to the customer backoffice

Customer back-office

OCPP . Authorisation via an RFiD smart card • Authorization event can be achieved via the Authorisation • User ID verification with customer back- functionality in OCPP office . The charger ask for verification of the Authentication & presented user-ID with the customers transaction API back-office system Houston platform . At the beginning and end of the User presents chithidtharge session the session data RFID card to Terra for (kWh, details) is sent to the customer Authorization backoffice

Galaxy Helios

1. Equipment owner or operator 1. The ABB Network Operations Center for monitoring, remote assistance and remote 2. Endduseo user of th eequpe equipm en t management (vehicle driver) Houston 2. Local Service fulfillment 3. Entities impacted by Commissioning operating the equipment 1st, 2nd and 3rd line Support (Utilities and Grid operators) Terra Maintenance & Repair 4. Entities which could be impacted / Performance reports have benefits of the equipment (Retailers, Spot market traders, ..) 3. ABB Research

Network Operations Center (NOC)

Renewable Substation Network mngt , energy authentication & sources Charging billing infrastructure linked Battery swap to Building-Energy- stations for public Mgmt-Systems transportation Domestic AC wallbox Public DC Public AC 3 - 4 kW charging station charging pole 50 - 300 kW 3-20kW

Bidirectional Used car batteries (dis)charging, as central storage Energy storage & Grid support (V2G) capacity power quality

 CHAdeMO 1.0. draft spec: Backward/forward compatibility of 1 .0/0 . 9 EV with 0. 9/1. 0 QC?  final 1.0 spec to include mandatory compatibility with 0.9  all 1.0 vehicles need to be chargeable with 0.9 chargers  CHAdeMO certification: ‘Official’ CHAdeMO certification vs. mandatory EV-specific certification?  unambiguous certification by independent notified body preferred  ABB is looking into possibilities for EU and US based external certification bodies  Ambitious forward-looking volume & price announcements for QC: Ability to execute? Product maturity & functionality?  risk of stalling the market with a non-fulfillable promise  manage market expectations with integrity and credibility  Common goal & moving forward together:  ABB is looking into possibilities to actively participate in future work: e.g. governance, bi-directional, grid impact/(S20)(S)/control (SEP2.0), eco station (PV, Storage)

ABB is driving the transformation toward sustainable mobility with a complete infrastructure solution and service portfolio for EV charging