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BAI You-lu, China LI Zhao-hu, China WANG Zhi-qiang, China BI Yang, China LI Zhong-pei, China WANG Zong-hua, China BIAN Xin-min, China LIN Er-da, China WEI Qin-ping, China CAI Hui-yi, China LIN Jiao-jiao, China XIA Guang-min, China CAI Xue-peng, China LIN Min, China XIE Bi-jun, China CAI Zu-cong, China LIN Qi-mei, China XIE Cong-hua, China CAO Hong-xin, China LIN Wen-xiong, China XIE Guan-lin, China CAO Wei-xing, China LIU Da-qun, China XU Jian-long, China CHEN Fu, China LIU Qing-chang, China XU Ning-ying, China CHEN Hua-lan, China LIU Tong-xian, China XU Wei-hua, China CHEN Kun-song, China LIU Zhi-yong, China XU Yun-bi, China CHEN Wan-quan, China LOU Yong-gen, China XUE Fei-qun, China CHEN Xue-xin, China LU Cheng-ping, China YANG Han-chun, China CHEN Yan-hui, China LU Tie-gang, China YANG Ning, China CHEN Yong-fu, China LUO Shi-ming, China YE Gong yin, China CHEN Zhi-qiang, China LUO Xu-gang, China YE Xing-guo, China CHENG Shi-hua, China LÜ Jia-ping, China YIN Hong, China DIAO Qi-yu, China MA Rui-kun, China YIN Jun, China DING Yan-feng, China MA Yue-hui, China YU Da-zhao, China Editorial Consultants DONG Han-song, China MA Zhi-ying, China YU De-yue, China CHEN Xiao-ya, China LI Zhen-sheng, China XIANG Zhong-huai, China DONG Jin-gao, China MENG Xian-xue, China YU Jing-quan, China CHEN Zong-mao, China LIU Xiu-fan, China XIE Lian-hui, China DONG Shu-ting, China MU Tai-hua, China ZHANG Ai-min, China CHENG Shun-he, China LIU Xu, China XU Ri-gan, China DU Li-xin, China PAN Gen-xing, China ZHANG Bao-shi, China DAI Jing-rui, China LV Fei-jie, China YU Zhen-wen, China DU Yong-chen, China PAN Guang-tang, China ZHANG Chao-xian, China FU Ting-dong, China RONG Ting-zhao, China YUAN Long-ping, China DUAN Ai-wang, China PENG Ke-mei, China ZHANG Fu-suo, China GAI Jun-yi, China SHAN Lun, China ZHAI Hu-qu, China FAN Xiao-lin, China PENG You-liang, China ZHANG Guo-ping, China GUAN Chun-yun, China WU Chang-xin, China ZHANG Qi-fa, China FENG Shu-tang, China PENG Yu-fa, China ZHANG He-ping, China GAO Xi-wu, China QIAN Ke-ming, China ZHANG Jian-hua, China GUO Yu-yuan, China WU Wei-hua, China ZHU Ying-guo, China GU Yi-kang, China QIAN Qian, China ZHANG Jin-song, China GUO Pei-guo, China QIANG Sheng, China ZHANG Ming-kui, China Chairman GUO Wen-shan, China QIN Fu, China ZHANG Shi-huang, China GUO Ze-jian, China QIU De-wen, China ZHANG Tian-zhen, China LI Jia-yang, China HAN Zhao-jun, China QIU Guo-yu, China ZHANG Wei-li, China HAN Zhen-hai, China QIU Jian-jun, China ZHANG Xian-long, China HE Chen-yang, China QIU Li-juan, China ZHANG Xue-yong, China Vice Chairman HE Guo-qing, China REN Tu-sheng, China ZHANG Zeng-yan, China ZHAO Fang-tian, China FANG Zhi-yuan, China Michael T. Clegg, USA HE Zhong-hu, China SHAO Ming-an, China ZHAO De-ming, China HOU Xiang-yang, China SU Yi-rong, China ZHAO Jiu-ran, China HOU Xi-lin, China SUN Qi-xin, China ZHAO Kai-jun, China Editor-in-Chief HU Dong-wei, China SUN Ri-fei, China ZHENG Feng-tian, China HUANG Dan-feng, China WAN Fang-hao, China WAN Jian-min, China ZHENG Yong-lian, China JIANG Li-xi, China WAN Jian-min, China ZHENG Yong-quan, China JING Rui-lian, China WANG Bo-lun, China ZHENG You-liang, China Associate Editor-in-Chief JU Xiao-tang, China WANG Cai-lin, China ZHONG Fu-ning, China KONG Xian-gang, China WANG Chen-zhu, China ZHOU Chang-yong, China CHEN Huan-chun, China LIN Hong-xuan, China YU Shu-xun, China LI Bao-guo, China WANG Dong-yang, China ZHOU Guang-hong, China CHEN Jian-ping, China SUN Tan, China ZOU Rui-cang, China LI Chun-jian, China WANG Han-zhong, China ZHOU Ming-guo, China CHEN Wen-fu, China TANG Hua-jun, China LI Fei, China WANG Ji-hua, China ZHOU Wei-jun, China KANG Shao-zhong, China WU Kong-ming, China LI Jian-sheng, China WANG Kun-bo, China ZHOU Xue-ping, China LI Jiu-sheng, China WANG Li-xian, China ZHOU Zhi-guo, China LI Li-hui, China WANG Qiang, China ZHOU Zhi-qin, China Executive Editor-in-Chief LI Shao-kun, China WANG Wen-sheng, China ZHU De-feng, China LI Sheng-xiu, China WANG Xiao-mei, China ZHU Hua-bin, China Shu Geng, USA LI Shi-qing, China WANG Xiao-wu, China ZHU Li-huang, China LI Wen-bin, China WANG Xi-feng, China ZHU Yan, China Associate Executive Editor-in-Chief LI Xiang-lin, China WANG Xue-de, China ZHU Zhu-jun, China LI Xin-hai, China WANG You-ping, China ZHUANG Jie-yun, China LU Wen-ru, China LI Yu, China WANG Zhi-min, China Editor-in-Chief for Columns CAO Jia-shu, China LI Zhi-kang, China WEI Yi-min, China FAN Sheng-gen, China LIU Shu-sheng, China XU Ming-gang, China HUANG Ji-kun, China MEI Xu-rong, China YANG Jian-chang, China JIA Ji-zeng, China MENG Qing-xiang, China ZHAO Chun-jiang, China KANG Zhen-sheng, China TONG Guang-zhi, China ZHAO Ming, China Members Mauro Antongiovanni, Italy Dafen Hui, USA James N. Seiber, USA Peter Carberry, Australia Gert H. J. Kema, The Netherlands Satoru Shimokawa, Japan Kenneth Cassman, USA Reza Keshavarz-Afshar, USA Tatsuhiko Shiraiwa, Japan Kenneth Chan, Australia G. S. Khush, USA Clinton C. Shock, USA Nancy Chau, USA Thomas Kuehne, Germany Guy Smagghe, Belgium Pengyin Chen, USA Jiban K. Kundu, Czech Qijian Song, USA David Connor, Australia Sang-Soo Kwak, Korea B. A. Stewart, USA Nicolas Desneux, France William B. Lacy, USA Toi John Tsilo, South Africa Ian Dodd, UK Changsheng Li, USA Roberto Tuberosa, Italy Yong-ping Duan, USA Zhigang Li, USA Neal K. Van Alfen, USA oec. troph. Klaus Eder, Germany Zhongchi Liu, USA Eric Van Ranst, Belgium Ralf-Udo Ehlers, Germany Gabor Lovei, Denmark Enli Wang, Australia David Deqiu Fang, USA Hong Luo, USA Yuxi Wang, Canada Shui-zhang Fei , USA J. F. Maestre-Valero, Spain Martin Wiesmeier, Germany Adele Finco, Italy Silvano Mignardi, Italy Wen-Gui Yan, USA Wolfgang Friedt, Germany Martin Nyachoti, Canada Haishun Yang, USA Zhi-feng Gao, USA Jairo A. Palta, Australia Bing Yang, USA Matthew Gorton, UK L. S. Pereira, Portugal John Z. Yu, USA Manje Gowda, Germany Dragan Perovic, Germany Xiaohua Yu, Germany David B. Hannaway, USA Daniel Plaza-Bonilla, Spain Xiao-Qiang Yu, USA Jerry L. Hatfield, USA Ruijun Qin, USA Xiaoxian Zhang, UK Thomas Herzfeld, Germany Daniel Rodriguez, Australia Yunde Zhao, USA Jean-François Hocquette, France Scott Rozelle, USA Chen Zhong, Singapore Gerrit Hoogenboom, USA Amir Sadeghpour, USA Kun Yan Zhu, USA Yinghua Huang, USA A. Z. M. Salem, Mexico Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2016, 15(7): 1584–1594 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect RESEARCH ARTICLE Tracking domestic ducks: A novel approach for documenting poultry market chains in the context of avian influenza transmission Chang-Yong Choi1, 2, John Y Takekawa2, 3, XIONG Yue4, LIU Ying4, Martin Wikelski5, 6, George Heine6, Diann J Prosser7, Scott H Newman8, John Edwards9, 10, Fusheng Guo9, Xiangming Xiao1, 11 1 Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, Center for Spatial Analysis, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA 2 Western Ecological Research Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Vallejo, CA 94592, USA 3 National Audubon Society, San Francisco, CA 94104, USA 4 Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Research, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, P.R.China 5 Department of Migration and Immuno-Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Radolfzell D-78315, Germany 6 Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz D-78457, Germany 7 Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA 8 Emergency Center for Transboundary Animal Diseases (ECTAD) Vietnam Office, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam 9 Emergency Center for Transboundary Animal Diseases (ECTAD) China Office, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Beijing 100600, P.R.China 10 Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia 11 Institute of Biodiversity Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P.R.China Abstract Agro-ecological conditions associated with the spread and persistence of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) are not well understood, but the trade of live poultry is suspected to be a major pathway. Although market chains of live bird trade have been studied through indirect means including interviews and questionnaires, direct methods have not been used to identify movements of individual poultry. To bridge the knowledge gap on quantitative movement and transportation of poultry, we introduced a novel approach for applying telemetry to document domestic duck movements from source farms at Poyang Lake, China. We deployed recently developed transmitters that record Global Positioning System (GPS) locations and send them through the Groupe Spécial Mobile (GSM) cellular telephone system. For the first time, we were able to track individually marked ducks from 3 to 396 km from their origin to other farms, distribution facilities, or live bird markets. Our proof of concept test showed that the use of GPS-GSM transmitters may provide di- rect, quantitative information to document the movement of poultry and reveal their market chains. Our findings provide an initial indication of the complexity of source-market network connectivity and highlight the great potential for future Received 30 June, 2015 Accepted 4 January, 2016 Chang-Yong Choi, E-mail: [email protected]; Correspondence Xiangming Xiao, Tel: +1-405-3258941, E-mail: [email protected] © 2016, CAAS.
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  • World Bank Document

    World Bank Document

    . ~ . , ·.: . ~·/ . ,. .. ,· · :: · .. · J1~µgld Pi-o~iricilfiJ¥ll~~ Offic~JJthe ~~ppf~!·;jlepllbiic ~f{J~in~ · ~· . .,-'··• ,•"· ~-· /5~·:> :~< J:t>: ~: . .. Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized •. ..; ·:.. ,., . :. _.,. ..,,.. ;:- ~•C · -""" ...., ,, .. ,,..,, •..•. • IC·; ..: .. .. , ~;i'~~ ~ 41' ~"~~- 5Jffi 1f~ ¥ii lYi 'w, (' ;irN: ,· ) ~,~: ,;:_ t. "_-·· . .. .../" · ' .. "-;; , <<;· , Scal~:JJP . , Proj~ct · "':Y.;. ;· >~· ~ .,.,. .,,;'"'.··· .::::... .... ',• ;... .... , ·.'. .~, . : Public Disclosure Authorized TE098.7tl~: T~-098703 - ,' ,,,..;;~·-~ .. · • .,;_.·> ·.~:;;J/ .. "" ' _,. ... ' - ~ ~-i~~~1iL~ "·1f' ~ - GEF Jta~~ ~: fJ!?J,;_'.t _- -_-"-_ ::P-roj~efEP:tity: ..iiang~ _i:GEF~E~6rgy - Conseiva~i~I'i-PM6- -. _ :: ·. ,, , " -.. '· •. ' ·f•,_•• .•., .• • .,, ·, . ··.·.. • ., ,, ' • ,. '..".:;d;:; Accouniiiig __y ear:_2q ~4 - .::· .. ., .· '.,(;_: .'"· \;, ;~ .·..... , \., ··.. , ~. Public Disclosure Authorized . ·.--·'· . ·· · -........•.,. ;. ~· ' f3 ~ Contents '$' it yijJ ;t- % ............................................................................................... 1 I .Auditor's Opinion ........................................................ ................................ 3 -=-' Ji1i- ~fft~&Jili- ~4lt~ 15lti1 ....................................................................... 5 II .Financial Statements and Notes to the Financial Statements ....................... 5 ( - ) 1!-1it-+~r* .................. .. ................................................................. s i. Balance Sheet.........................