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O Poszukiwaniach Meteorytu Koszyce KWARTALNIK MI£OŒNIKÓW METEORYTÓW METEORYTMETEORYT Nr 2 (74) Czerwiec 2010 ISSN 1642-588X W numerze: – o poszukiwaniach meteorytu Koszyce – Kosmos w zasiêgu rêki – lód i galareta z nieba – sk³ad i budowa mezosyderytu ³owickiego – kolekcja meteorytów ASU – meteoryty z Marsa – aukcja meteorytów R. Elliotta – XI meteorytowe targi w Ensisheim Od redaktora: METEORYT Meteoryty jakoœ nie mog¹ trafiæ w nasz kraj. U s¹siadów ci¹gle coœ kwartalnik dla mi³oœników meteorytów spada: Moravka, Moss, Lolland i ostatnio Koszyce. Niestety S³owacy uznali, ¿e to jest ich meteoryt i sami go sobie wyzbieraj¹. Pomoc im Wydawca: niepotrzebna. Uda³o siê jednak namówiæ s³owackiego kolegê astronoma, Olsztyñskie Planetarium wspó³pracuj¹cego zreszt¹ z polskimi astronomami i mi³oœnikami i Obserwatorium Astronomiczne astronomii, aby udostêpni³ czytelnikom „Meteorytu” swoj¹ relacjê Al. Pi³sudskiego 38 z poszukiwañ. Musia³em tylko przet³umaczyæ tekst ze s³owackiego. Jakoœ 10-450 Olsztyn siê uda³o. tel. (0-89) 533 4951 Chocia¿ S³owacy nie chcieli udostêpniæ wspó³rzêdnych miejsc, gdzie [email protected] znaleziono meteoryty, kilku polskim poszukiwaczom uda³o siê znaleŸæ konto: okazy. Wywo¿enie meteorytów ze S³owacji jest jednak nielegalne, wiêc 88 1540 1072 2001 5000 3724 0002 nie doniosê, kto i co znalaz³. BOŒ SA O/Olsztyn Z przyjemnoœci¹ zwracam uwagê, ¿e wyra¿ana w poprzednim Kwartalnik jest dostêpny g³ównie numerze nadzieja spe³ni³a siê i Prezes PTM napisa³ obszerny artyku³ w prenumeracie. Roczna prenu- o budowie meteorytu £owicz. Zapraszam do lektury. merata wynosi w 2010 roku 44 z³. Zmaterializowa³a siê tak¿e, zapowiadana w poprzednim numerze, Zainteresowanych prosimy o wp³a- cenie tej kwoty na konto wydawcy wystawa meteorytów w Muzeum Techniki NOT. Do jej zwiedzania nie zapominaj¹c o podaniu czytel- zapraszaj¹ w tym numerze g³ówni jej twórcy: Jan Woreczko & Wadi. nego imienia, nazwiska i adresu do Wystawa bêdzie czynna tylko do wrzeœnia, wiêc czasu na zwiedzanie jest wysy³ki. Wydawca dysponuje tak¿e coraz mniej. numerami archiwalnymi. Jedenaste ju¿ meteorytowe targi w Ensisheim by³y w tym roku dla nas Wiêkszoœæ publikowanych arty- wyj¹tkowe, poniewa¿ do elitarnego Bractwa Stra¿ników Meteorytu ku³ów jest t³umaczona z kwartalnika Ensisheim przyjêty zosta³ pierwszy Polak. Zaszczyt ten spotka³ METEORITE za zgod¹ jego wy- Kazimierza Mazurka, który w kraju wytrwale popularyzuje wiedzê dawcy, który zachowuje prawa do o meteorytach poprzez liczne wystawy okazów ze swej kolekcji, tych artyku³ów. a za granic¹ sta³ siê znany dziêki czêstym wizytom na targach Redaguje i t³umaczy wiêkszoœæ meteorytowych. Ensisheim odwiedza³ niemal od pierwszych targów tekstów: i z pewnoœci¹ zas³u¿y³ na tytu³ stra¿nika tego historycznego meteorytu. Andrzej S. Pilski Andrzej S. Pilski skr. poczt. 6 14-530 Frombork Na ok³adce: Chassignit NWA 2737. Oliwiny otaczaj¹ rzadkie, magmowe inkluzje zawieraj¹ce amfibol, pi- tel. 0-604-178-072 rokseny i szkliwo skaleniowe. Pole widzenia ma 1,2 mm szerokoœci. Polaroidy skrzy¿owane. Zob. [email protected] artyku³ Warina i Kashuby. Sk³ad: Jacek Dr¹¿kowski Druk: printbynet.pl PIKNIKI METEORYTOWE 2010 31 lipca, w sobotê, zapraszam wszystkich pasjonatów i maniaków meteorytowych, na tradycyjny IV Piknik http://meteorytomania.info Meteorytowy w Dziêgielowie. W programie jak zwy- kle du¿o meteorytów i dobrej zabawy przy piwie, Po- — forum meteorytomanów! landmetówce i kie³basce z ogniska. Pogoda zosta³a za- mówiona, wiêc obecnoœæ jest obowi¹zkowa. Marcin Cima³a, tel. +48 793 567 667 METEORITE Dla tych, dla których za daleko do Dziêgielowa, mamy propozycjê odwiedzenia 21 sierpnia Œwiecia nad THE INTERNATIONAL QUARTERLY OF METEORITES Wis³¹, gdzie z okazji 160-lecia znalezienia meteorytu AND METEORITE SCIENCE Schwetz odbêdzie siê ods³oniêcie pami¹tkowego Arkansas Center for Space and Planetary Sciences, obelisku oraz Piknik Meteorytowy po³¹czony University of Arkansas, 202 Old Museum Building, z otwart¹ dla szerokiej publicznoœci imprez¹ popular- Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, USA nonaukow¹ (wystawy, prelekcje, prezentacje, pokazy Email:[email protected], http://meteoritemag.uark.edu filmów, przenoœne planetarium, koncert muzyki kos- Meteorite is available only by subscription, for US$35 micznej). per year. Overseas airmail delivery is available for an Informacje: Jacek Dr¹¿kowski, 607 371 907 additional US$12 per year. 2 METEORYT 2/2010 Niezwyk³y sukces s³owackich astronomów Ján Mäsiar rótko przed pó³noc¹ 28 lutego 2010 r. na niebie pojawi³o siê Kzjawisko, o którym dziœ ju¿ na S³owacji wszyscy wiedz¹. Przypomnê tylko. O godzinie 23:24:46 niebo rozœwie- tli³ jasny rozb³ysk, tysi¹ckrotnie jaœniej- szy od Ksiê¿yca w pe³ni. Bardzo jasny meteor — bolid pojawi³ siê na skutek zderzenia ma³ego cia³a kosmicznego z nasz¹ Ziemi¹. Du¿a czêœæ tego cia³a spali³a siê w atmosferze. Na wysoko- œci 35 km nad ziemi¹ dosz³o do naj- wiêkszej eksplozji, a cia³o rozpad³o siê na ma³e kawa³ki. Naukowcy i amato- rzy zastanawiali siê, czy cia³o wyparo- wa³o w ca³oœci, czy te¿ czêœæ z niego, w postaci meteorytów, spad³a na Zie- Fot. 1. Przygotowanie do poszukiwañ. W czerwonej kurtce dr Juraj Tóth. miê. A jeœli spad³a, to gdzie? Dziœ ju¿ to wiemy! Meteoroid nie spali³ siê ca³- wiska; ze wschodniej S³owacji i z Wê- ry meteoryt (albo meteoryty) móg³ kowicie; s³owackim astronomom uda- gier tak¿e o zarejestrowaniu efektów spaœæ. ³o siê w koñcu znaleŸæ jego fragmenty dŸwiêkowych (grzmoty, dudnienie). To, ¿e te wyliczenia by³y dok³adne, niedaleko Koszyc! Wyspecjalizowane urz¹dzenia optycz- potwierdzi³a ju¿ pierwsza wspólna eks- Mimo tego, ¿e w dniu spadku mete- ne bolidowej sieci na S³owacji i w Cze- pedycja wydzia³u astronomii SAV orytów prawie nad ca³¹ S³owacj¹ nie- chach nie pracowa³y z powodu chmur w Tatrzañskiej £omnicy oraz wydzia- bo by³o zachmurzone, zjawisko to za- i deszczu; natomiast w pogotowiu by³y ³u matematyki, fizyki i informatyki Uni- uwa¿yli przypadkowi œwiadkowie. czujniki radarowe. 1. i 3. marca opu- wersytetu Komenskiego w Bratys³awie. Gdy œnieg stopi³ siê, dr J. Tóth z FMFI UK znalaz³ 20 marca pierwszy mete- oryt. Nast¹pi³y kolejne ekspedycje pra- cowników naukowych i studentów FMFI UK, AsÚ SAV, AsÚ AV ÈR oraz pracowników obserwatoriów astrono- micznych w œrodkowej S³owacji. W su- mie znaleziono 64 meteoryty o wielko- œci od ma³ego paznokcia do kamienia wielkoœci d³oni (2,19 kg). Pierwszy meteoryt analizowali na FMFI UK fi- zycy j¹drowi (prof. P. Povinec), którzy jednoznacznie potwierdzili jego poza- ziemskie pochodzenie. Od roku 2005 pracownicy obu ob- serwatoriów województwa ¿ilinskiego (Obserwatorium Kysuckie w Kysuc- Fot. 2. Tak wygl¹da szukanie meteorytów. Fot. Autor. kom Novom Meste i Obserwatorium Nasza kole¿anka z Kysuckego obser- blikowano nagrania wideo z prywat- Považskie w Žiline) zrealizowali we watorium w Kysuckom Novom Meste nych kamer dozoruj¹cych z dwóch wspó³pracy i pod organizacyjnym kie- opowiada³a nam rano w pracy, jak¹ miejscowoœci na Wêgrzech. Na podsta- rownictwem FMFI UK w Bratys³awie dziwn¹ burzê w nocy prze¿y³a. „Sie- wie tych danych specjaliœci z wydzia³u i Obserwatorium i Planetarium Maxi- dzia³am sobie w fotelu przed telewizo- astronomii Czeskiej Akademii Nauk miliána Hella w Žiari nad Hronom kil- rem i nagle b³ysnê³o. Ale ani nie by³o (dr Spurný) szybko wyliczyli dok³ad- ka ekspedycji poszukiwawczych (Ky- grzmotu, ani nie pada³o. Dziwne. Te- ny moment przelotu cia³a, czas trwania suce, Martinské hole, Šášovské raz w zimie burza?” zjawiska, jego jasnoœæ, a nastêpnie po Podhradie). Zawsze bez powodzenia. Z obszaru kilkuset kilometrów do- dok³adnej analizie danych dr Borovièka Jednak w zak¹tku duszy wierzy³em, ¿e ciera³y informacje o obserwowaniu zja- obliczy³ tor lotu, a tak¿e obszar, na któ- kiedyœ uda nam siê znaleŸæ meteoryt, 2/2010 METEORYT 3 kawa³ek kamienia, który spad³ gdzieœ na ³¹ce, na zaoranym polu albo w lesie. Szukajcie ig³y w stogu siana! Sukces wyprawy na poszukiwanie meteorytu Koszyce, jak bêd¹ nazywaæ tego kosmicznego podró¿nika, polega³ na tym, ¿e tym razem by³y idealne wa- runki do szukania. Meteoryt spad³ na œnieg, dziêki czemu nie znikn¹³ w li- œciach albo w trawie. Od spadku do sto- pienia œniegu up³yn¹³ doœæ krótki czas; kamienie nie zd¹¿y³y zwietrzeæ i zmie- niæ swój wygl¹d; zosta³y na nich wszystkie typowe oznaki. Teren, na któ- ry spad³y meteoryty, by³ stosunkowo ³atwo dostêpny. Znaczenie przy poszu- kiwaniach ma te¿ strona organizacyjna i wspó³praca zainteresowanych insty- tucji naukowych. Analiza meteorytu pokaza³a, ¿e jest Fot. 3. Meteoryty spad³y na œnieg i gdy stopnia³, osiad³y na liœciach. to jeden z najpospolitszych typów me- teorytów kamiennych. Z komercyjne- go punktu widzenia okazy maj¹ ma³¹ wartoœæ, ale z naukowego punktu wi- dzenia ogromn¹. Chodzi o bardzo wy- j¹tkowy przypadek. Na œwiecie znale- ziono oko³o 40 000 meteorytów, ale z tego tylko 13 ma dot¹d wyliczon¹ or- bitê. W przypadku takiego meteorytu wiemy, z której czêœci Uk³adu S³onecz- nego do nas przyby³, z jakiej materii sk³adaj¹ siê cia³a, które tam kr¹¿¹ i ja- kie warunki panowa³y w tamtej okoli- cy, gdy formowa³ siê Uk³ad S³oneczny. Meteoryt Koszyce jest 14 takim przy- padkiem na œwiecie, a pierwszym na S³owacji. Na zakoñczenie: Znalezienie mete- orytów Koszyce jest dowodem tego, ¿e Fot. 5. Kilka ma³ych okazów… odkrycia i osi¹gniêcia nauki przychodz¹ Fot. 4. Autor tej relacji ze znalazczyni¹ najwiêk- szego okazu. Fot. Marek Harman. Fot. 6. …i najwiêkszy, 2,19 kg. 4 METEORYT 2/2010 po dok³adnej analizie danych, po wy- Ján Mäsiar jest dyrektorem Obser- http://www.astrokysuce.sk/in- korzystaniu informacji i dok³adnych watorium Kysuckiego w Kysuckom dex.php?option=com_con- wyliczeñ, oraz ich sprawdzeniu. To na- Novom Meste. Oryginaln¹ relacjê ze tent&task=view&id=103&Itemid=141 zywa siê wiedza.
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