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Volume I Neponset River Basin Inventory and Analysis of Current and Projected Water Use
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prepared by Massachusetts Department of Environmental Management Division of Water Resources August 1989
for the Massachusetts Water Resources Commission Michael S. Dukakis, Governor John P. DeViilars, Secretary Richard E.Kendall, Commissioner
Publication No. 16083-120-15O-L0-89 Approved by Ric Murphy, State Purchasing Agent «^H/?7.M Digitized by the Internet Archive
in 2012 with funding from Boston Library Consortium Member Libraries
http://archive.org/details/neponsetriverbas01mass NEPONSET RIVER BASIN, VOLUME I Inventory and Analysis of Current and Projected Water Use
Executive Office of Environmental Affairs Water Resources Commission
Department of Environmental Management
Division of Water Resources
Director Richard H. Thibedeau
August 1989 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
This report is the first step in developing a comprehensive basin plan for the Neponset River basin and is intended to provide a basis for making sound decisions about water resources management. The Division of Water Resources has compiled data on existing water supply sources, water demand and use for communities with public water supplies in the Neponset River basin, and has projected water use through the year 2020. The following are summary points from the report.
• The base (1985-1987) water demand for public water supply systems in the Neponset basin was approximately 25 million gallons per day (mgd). The average day water demand is projected to increase by 22 percent to 30 mgd by 2020, and the basin population is projected to increase by 6 percent from 1986 to 2020.
• In 1987, approximately 15 mgd entered the Neponset basin as water supply from sources located in other basins. Eleven mgd came from sources in the Neponset basin. Since 21 mgd was discharged from the basin as wastewater, there was a net outflow from the Neponset basin of approximately 6 mgd.
• All eleven Neponset basin communities are served totally or in part by a public water supply system. About 97 percent of the basin's population is served by a public water supply system.
• The Massachusetts Water Resources Authority (MWRA) supplied 40 percent of the basin's water demand in 1987, while 42 percent of the demand was met with supplies from within the basin. The remaining 18 percent of supply was obtained from neighboring basins. The Town of Norwood, which used about 5 mgd, was the largest user in the basin.
• Self-supplied non-residential water users, such as industries and golf clubs, used about 8 mgd in 1987. Self-supplied residential water users, about 3 percent of the population, consumed an estimated 0.4 mgd.
• Ground water sources supplied 59 percent of the water used by public water supply systems in 1987, and surface water sources supplied 41 percent. The MWRA supplied all of the surface water supply used in the basin.
• If the 1987 maximum daily demand for all communities occurred on the same day, the total amount of water used by the basin's public water supply systems would have been 43 mgd. TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE
Executive Summary
List of Tables iv
List of Figures v
Appendices vi
Pre face 1
I. Introduction 4
II. Neponset River Basin Description 5
III. Neponset River Study Area Description 8
IV. Public Water Supply Systems 10
A. 1987 Demand 10
B. Historical Demand 11
C. 1987 Sources of Supply 13
D. 1987 Type of Supply 19
E. 1987 Estimated Distribution of Water Use 21
F. Inflow - Outflow Analysis 24 V. Demographic Profile 26 A. Population and Population Trends 26 B. Seasonal Population 29 C. Service Population 29
D. Housing Trends 31
E. Employment 32
F. Population Projections 33 G. Projected Service Area Expansion 37 VI. Projected Water Demands 39 A. Base Water Demand 39 B. Per Capita Demand Changes 41
C. Maximum Day Demand and the MDD to ADD Ratio 43 D. Water Demand Projection Assumptions 45 E. Water Demand Projection Methodology 45 LIST OF TABLES PAGE
1. Neponset River Basin Planning Format 3
2. Communities with Land Area in Neponset River Basin 8
3. Average Day Demand 12
4. Maximum Day Demand 12
5. 1987 Source of Supply by Basin 14
6. 1987 Type of Water Supply 20
7. 1987 Estimated Distribution of Water Use 23
8. Inflow-Outflow — Neponset River Basin 25
9. Population Trends -- 1940 - 1986 27
10. 1986 U.S. Census Figures, Land Area and Density 28
11. 1986 Service Population 30
12. Percentage and Numerical Changes in Population 35
13. Population Projections -- 1986-2020 36
14. 2020 Service Population Projections 37
15. Comparison of 1986 and 2020 Service Populations 38
16. 1995-2020 Average Day Demand Projections 40
17. 1995-2020 Maximum Day Demand Projections 40
18. MDD to ADDD Ratios 1985-1987 44
19. 2020 Water Demand Components 46
20. 2020 Water Demand Projections 47
IV LIST OF FIGURES
PAGE
1. Map - River Basins for Water Resource Planning 2
2. Map - Neponset River Basin 7
3. Map - Neponset River Basin Study Area 9
4. Monthly Average Day Demand 10
5. 1980 and .1987 Average Day Demand 11
6. Basin Source of Water Supply 13
7. MDC/MWRA Water Distribution System 17
8. MWRA Water Users in the Neponset River Basin 18
9. 1987 Type of Water Supply 19
10. 1987 Distribution of Water Use 21
11. Source of Water Supply and Basin of Wastewater Discharge 24
12. 1940-1986 Population Trend 26
13. Net New Residential Housing Permits 1980-1986 31
14. Employment in the Neponset River Basin 1980-1987 32
15. Employment in 1987 and 2010 Projection 33
16. Population in 1986 and 2020 Projection 33
17. 1987 and 2020 Projected Demand 39
18. Gallons Per Capita Day (GPCD) 1980-1987 41
19. Neponset River Basin GPCD Changes 42
20. Demand Projections for Different GPCD Projections 43 21. Water Demand Projection Assumptions 48 APPENDICES
PAGE
1. Neponset River Basin Public Water Supply Agencies 49
2. General Water Demand Projection Methodology 52
3A. Process Used to Identify and Locate Public Water Supply Sources... 57 3B. Map of Neponset River Basin Water Supply Sources 59 3C. Public Water Supply Source Sites and Locations 60
4. Self-Supplied Water Use 68
5. Massachusetts Water Management Act 70
6. Community Public Water Supply Facts and Maps 72
VI PREFACE
The Massachusetts Water Resources Commission (WRC) has the primary responsibility for determining the state's water resources policy and directing the water resources planning activities for the Executive Office of Environmental Affairs. The Division of Water Resources (DWR), in the Department of Environmental Management, provides technical staff support to the Commission and is responsible through the Commission, for long-range water resources planning for the Commonwealth. The central element in the development of a statewide water resources management plan is the preparation of a management plan for each of the twenty-seven river basins of the Commonwealth (See Figure 1). These plans are being developed pursuant to the Water Resources Planning Regulations (313 CMR 2.00) adopted by the Commission. The basin planning process includes local, regional, and state assessments of water needs and the availability of water resources. The plans also are in conformance with the Massachusetts Water Supply Policy Statement and are consistent with other water-related state and federal laws and regulations.
The river basin planning process (See Table 1) consists of five steps:
1. Development of an inventory of the basin's water supply and demand. 2. Analysis of data and identification of the future water needs in the basin. 3. Development and analysis of alternatives to meet these projected needs. 4. Preparation of a basin-specific water resources management plan for the approval of the Water Resources Commission. 5. Adoption of the plan.
This first volume represents the inventory and analysis step of the planning process. It includes the collection of existing data on the river basin's current and projected water demand, water supply sources, and short- and long-term demographic profiles for communities in the basin.
The second volume will use the inventory data and short- and long-term water demand projections in a computer or an analytical model to determine sub-basin water yield in drought conditions. The analysis includes DWR recommended guidelines for a minimum, or low flow, threshold for the river. Minimum streamflow protects a variety of river uses, including wildlife, fin and shellfish, irrigation, hydropower, recreation and wetlands, as well as municipal and industrial supply, and the dilution of effluent. When the analysis has been completed, a basin water budget can be prepared to estimate the volume of water available under both average precipitation and drought conditions, while protecting or enhancing environmental quality. The basin water budget will provide an estimate of the basin's ability to meet projected demands with available resources and any planned water supply developments.
The third volume will focus on developing water supply alternatives, primarily for those communities which are projected to have difficulty meeting demands. The alternatives and recommendations developed in this step of the process are submitted to the WRC for review and for public comment. The alternatives and recommendations as approved by the WRC will be published as the basin plan. o O ntn 0) en 3 " ,_ £ O O C
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ss CO CD _ T3 r T ^ (0 " c o V CO O "2 O X co 2 ° o vl 1 CJ E O CO c 3 4) e. * o o 5 CD ^ c •£ o » iJ m C < o S n « > z n MOO '55 z m 5 o c/} 0. S-Z CD CO £) u (A r^ cj ci *t U)IO MOO) E E oo (A CD 2 = U O ,n o w u € CD 3 c il a-Q r O Hoosi n in O Kinde Bash i: o (0 <5= C a> E c wo '> C UJ u11 £ O * H«TE* > x Ui Table 1 MASSACHUSETTS DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT DIVISION OF fflATER RESOURCES RIVER BASIN PLANNING PROGRAM RIVER BASIN PLANNING FORMAT STEP 1 STEP 2 STEP 3 STEP 4 STEP 5 DEVELOP AND ANALYZE DEVELOP INVENTORY OF ANALYZE BASIN INVENTORY AND ALTERNATIVES TO MEET PREPARE WATER RESOURCES BASIN SUPPLY AND DEMAND IDENTIFY FUTURE WATER NEEDS PROJECTED NEEDS MANAGEMENT PLAN ADOPT PLAN (al Demographic profile (a) 1990-2020 population (a) Local alter- la) Selection by WRPTF (a) WRC reviem of of each Community from changes of each community. natives to meet for Step 3(d) communities final draft plan. Federal, State. Regional projected community of the best mix of nem and Community Studies. lb) 1995-2020 projected mater needs (conser- local and regional alter- (b) WRC vote on mater demand of each vation, infrastruc- natives (Step 3 a k b) plan's adoption or lb) Historical and ex- community. ture storage, inter- to meet deficits. adoption mith isting mater demand of connections mith con- lodification. each community. (c) Analyze existing and pro- tiguous communities). (b) Selection of alterna- posed mater supply sources tive! s) for all communities (c) Existing and pro- and systems as presented in (b) Preliminary and basins. posed mater supply questionnaire replies. regional alternatives sources and systems via (KVRA, diversions, (c) Preparation of draft questionnaire replies. nem regional reser- plan. (d) Conservation measures voirs, interconnec- (d) later resources reported in questionnaire tion). (d) Reviem and comment by management structure and replies compared to the local, regional, and state organization via ques- state conservation guidelines (c) Analysis and com- agencies and the Water Re- :ionnaire replies. i.e. retrofit, leak detection, parison of the rele- sources Commission on draft system rehabilitation, public vant economic, envi- basin plan. le) Water requirements education, ground mater ronmental and insti- for recreation, fish, protection. tutional impacts of (e) Preparation of final mildlife. agriculture. the alternatives and plan based on reviem r/dropoiDer and dilution. (e) Task Force analysis of assessment of their comment. minimum streamfloo thresholds. ability to meet future if] Outline by DEQE of needs. basin mater quality. (f) Relationship between available mater resources, (dl Identification of !g) Unregulated histor- projected demand and minimum deficient communities ical streamflorc data. streamflou thresholds. using local alterna- tives and not using (g) Community and basin regional alternatives deficits. per Step 3(b) CONTINUOUS INTERACTION WITH LOCAL, REGIONAL AND STATE AGENCIES The adopted plan is one of the factors included in decision making under the Interbasin Transfer Act. Water Resources Management Act and MWRA Contracts, as outlined in 313 CHR 2.00, Water Resources Management Planning Regulations. INTRODUCTION Purpose The Neponset River, its tributaries, lakes, ponds, and aquifers located within its basin provide valuable resources for the region and the Commonwealth. This volume provides a basis for sound water resources management in the Neponset River basin. The report includes current and historical water demand data for communities with public water supplies in the Neponset River basin, 1987 information on the public water supply sources, 1986 federal census estimates, 1995-2020 population forecasts, and 1995-2020 projected water demands. Methods Water use data was obtained from the superintendents of 1 1 public water supply agencies and from the Division of Water Supply (DWS), Massachusetts Department of Environmental Quality Engineering (DEQE). In 1987 and 1988, water supply superintendents reviewed, and verified the accuracy of the data and updated the 1982 Municipal Water Resource Management Plan - Phase II questionnaire. To obtain more detailed information on water use and supply, DWR conducted personal interviews and telephone conversations with each water superintendent. Population projections are based on studies by the Metropolitan Area Planning Council (MAPC), the regional planning agency for die Boston area, the Massachusetts Institute for Social and Economic Research (MISER), community planning departments, the 1980 federal census and the 1986 federal census estimate. Base water demand for a community's public supply system was calculated by averaging its 1985-1987 average day demand (ADD). Changes in population growth and water conservation in most communities since 1984 have caused earlier water use patterns to change. Therefore, the 1985 to 1987 period was chosen as most representative of current water use. See Section VI for a full discussion. Water demand projections for 1995-2020 were developed using the methodology outlined in Appendix 2. This methodology is based on assumptions concerning population growth and water use in the basin during the next thirty years. The projections from Volume I and updated information will be used in the analysis of basin water supply and demand carried out in Volume II. Individual water supply or conservation alternatives for each community will be detailed in the Neponset River Basin Plan (Volume ni). The basin plan will include updated information, such as new conservation measures, new sources of supply, new population projections, and other information affecting supply and demand that may become available after the publication of Volume I. Water demand projections may require periodic updates as new data becomes available, as the projection methodology improves, or as unforeseen social and economic changes occur. Therefore, the projections in Volume I may differ from those that appear in the final Basin Plan. n. NEPONSET RIVER BASIN DESCRIPTION The Neponset River basin is located in eastern Massachusetts, south of the Boston metropolitan area This basin is one of the watersheds draining the coastal plain of Massachusetts (See Figure 2). The Neponset River, with a drainage area of 1 17 square miles, rises in the Neponset Reservoir in Foxborough and flows in a generally northeastern direction to Dorchester Bay, a portion of Boston Harbor. It has a total fall of 268 feet in its length of 28 miles. Along the upper stretches of its course, the stream gradient is considered moderate with a drop of 24 ft/mile from the headwater area in Foxborough to the gaging station in Norwood. In the middle portion, the river is bordered by a large wetland known as Fowl Meadow where the flow is quite sluggish. Along the entire course of the river, the flow is checked by 12 dams and passes through several mills and private reservoirs. Row is also affected by several ground and surface water withdrawals for municipal and private industrial use. Streamflow in many of the basin's tributaries is affected by ground water pumpage and regulation of storage facilities. For example, the Mill River - Mine Brook tributary in Medfield and Walpole sometimes becomes substantially lowered as a result of pumping from nearby wellflelds. The topography of the basin can be described as gently rolling with scattered hills such as the Blue Hills in Milton and Quincy which have elevations up to 550 feet above sea level. The upper portions of the basin are characterized by many swamps and wetlands. While the lower section of the basin is heavily urbanized, the upper parts are over 50 percent forested. There are 65 lakes and ponds in the basin, 26 of which have an area of 10 acres or more. The largest lake in the basin is Massapoag Lake in Sharon, which is 353 acres. In a situation unusual for most river basins in the state, the surface water divide between the Neponset basin and the Taunton basin does not exactly correspond with the ground water divide. Ground water flows north from a small section of the Taunton basin into the East Branch Neponset River subbasin. The principle sources of ground water in the Neponset basin, stratified sand and gravel aquifers, which underlie about 50 percent of the basin area. Where these aquifers are thick and near surface water bodies, they may yield more than 300 gal/min. to wells. Some of the thickest deposits, over 150 feet thick, underlie parts of the Neponset River valley. This valley is a deeply incised buried bedrock valley created by glacial action. Buried tributary valleys underlie Ponkapoag and Purgatory Brook. In spite of these seemingly abundant water resources, some residents of the Neponset River basin periodically experience water shortages due to drought, limited ground water supplies or contamination. Throughout the past decade, the Department of Environmental Quality Engineering (DEQE) has declared water supply emergencies for the Town of Stoughton. Stoughton has had water shortages since the late 1940s. During the summer of 1988, the towns of Dedham, Medfield, and Westwood were placed on the DEQE emergency list and restricted water use in town. The Town of Walpole was on the DEQE list during the summer of 1987 and used voluntary restrictions during the summer of 1988. In December 1988, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) designated a 30 square mile section of the Neponset River basin headwaters as a sole source aquifer pursuant to Section 1424(e) of the Federal Safe Drinking Water Act. The aquifer, called the Head of the Neponset Aquifer (HNA), includes portions of Walpole, Foxborough, Westwood, Medfield, Norwood, Dover, and Sharon. The Town of Walpole initiated the petition process since the aquifer covers most of the town and provides 100 percent of its water supply. The sole source designation criteria included the following: the aquifer area is the principal source of drinking water for the residents of that area; there are no viable alternative sources which can completely replace the drinking water supplied by the aquifer; and if contamination were to occur, it would pose a significant public health hazard to the area's residents. The designation results in all federal financially-assisted projects proposed for construction or modification within the aquifer area can be reviewed by EPA to reduce the risk of ground water contamination. Proponents of the sole source designation hope that the HNA area's special designation will heighten public awareness of the vulnerability of the resource and encourage further protective efforts. The Neponset River has two principal tributaries. The East Branch, which rises in Stoughton and Sharon, flows through Canton and enters the Neponset River in the upper end of the Canton-Norwood portion of the main stem flood plain. Mother Brook, although not a large natural tributary, is used as a diversion from the adjoining Charles River basin and joins the Neponset River about a mile and a half below the Fowl Meadow in Boston. This diversion was first made through an old canal excavated as early as 1639. Chapter 161 of the Acts of 1900 provided for supervision of the flow control facilities and to assure the proportional diversion of flow. In 1831 an agreement was reached between mill owners on the Neponset River and the Charles River for up to one-third of the Charles River flow to be diverted through Mother Brook. The average discharge of the Neponset 3 River at the Norwood gage is 54.5 ft /s with a maximum period of record flow of 1,490 cubic feet per second (ft^/s) in August, 1955 and a minimum period of record flow of 1.4 ft3/s in October, 1963. 6 - t NEWTON o O \ ((Jldffarhor <\J )URCItkSTER h JSOIfAM NEEDHAM s\ ^:>'-: u,N '0 < (M ^L IN DOVER orff- .tTON:f J f *-< /j:.Y. \ \ 7 BRAINTREE/ l iXrles f, ^ MEDFIELI B^^E^fj^TH 4 WEIR • . '/'iiil^liSilll'Si^li^ORWOODii:/ , )!;;*« tev^f-'V i |ll canton- fp ILLIS \ , -PO lift i'Hiii liiS 1 !" ill!!! liillis;,!:'; m in 'iii! ROCK- 3T0UGI VAVONV^pYr^J •^ \ HAND \ V> 1 N0RFOLK_y\ F« : NGTON^X V .\ art. 4"A/irror ^ »3 y— G$ ( V^TMAiIm \ ^ROCKT&N , /''FY,jr/ 8 \ ^ ^s. Z \ [\ » FfoXBQROUGH I / f ^/ WfiENTlV\M ^ TAUNT&I^ :WEST \ \ \^BRIDteEWATER , TLAINVIL-.AINtVll V* MANSFIELD V ">> ^r NEPONSET RIVER BASIN Figure 2 River Basin Boundary Prepared by DEM-Division of Water Resources III. NEPONSET RIVER BASIN STUDY AREA DESCRIPTION The Neponset River basin study area (referred to as the Neponset River basin throughout this report) includes the 1 1 communities which have a majority of their land area within the Neponset River basin boundaries or have a source of water supply in the basin. These communities are Canton, Dedham, Dover, Foxborough, Medfield, Milton, Norwood, Sharon, Stoughton, Walpole, and Westwood. Dedham has 27 percent of its land area in the Neponset River basin and is included in the study area because it is part of the Dedham/Westwood Water District which draws a large portion of its water from the Neponset basin. This water district, along with the Medfield and Dover water systems, are also included in DWR's Volume I report on the Charles River basin. Dover has only 15 percent of its land area in the Neponset basin, but is included in this study because it has a public supply well in the Neponset basin. Three other communities with less than 50 percent of their land area in the Neponset River basin are not included in the study area because currently they have no public water supply sources within the basin boundaries. Those communities are Boston, Quincy, and Randolph. The cities of Boston and Quincy, which also lie in the Charles and Weymouth and Weir basins respectively, purchase their public water supply from the Massachusetts Water Resources Authority (MWRA). The Town of Randolph, which has public water supply sources in the Weymouth and Weir River basin, has 16 percent of its land area in the Neponset basin. No community located entirely outside of the Neponset basin has water supply sources within the basin. Table 2 lists all communities with any land area in the Neponset River basin, and Figure 3 shows the communities in the Neponset River basin study area. TABLE 2 Communities With Land Area In The Neponset River Basin Percent of Communities Neponset Land Area In With Sources In MWRA Study Area Communitv Neponset Basin Neponset Basin Supply Communitv Boston 41 X Canton 98 X X X Dedham 27 X X Dover 15 X X Foxborough 21 X X Medfield 24 X X Milton 91 X X Norwood 100 X X Quincy 15 X Randolph 16 Sharon 66 X X Stoughton 49 X X Walpole 90 X X Westwood 67 X X 8 - Figure 3 NEPONSET RIVER BASIN STUDY AREA J/ WRENTHAM PLAlhVILLE 3 ] Scale 1:250,000 5 10 15 Miles N ^ v^ Study area boundary 1 IV. PUBLIC WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS A. 1987 Demand Public water supply system customers are the primary water users in the Neponset River basin, with a 1987 average day demand (ADD) of 25.90 million gallons per day (mgd). In total, approximately 9,446 million gallons of water were used in the basin communities during 1987. During the base planning period, 196,713 people living in the Neponset basin (97 percent), obtained their water from a public water supply system. The other three percent, or 5,281 individuals, obtained their water from on-site residential or institutional wells. Private self-supplied industries and golf courses used about 8 mgd during 1987. All Neponset basin communities are served totally or in part by a public water supply system. The 1 1 communities are served by 19 separate water supply systems, 1 of which are city or town water departments, and eight are independently-owned water supply utilities or trusts. Appendix 1 lists the public water supply agencies that serve the Neponset basin. The Norwood water supply system is the largest in the basin with a 1987 average day demand of 4.76 mgd. This amounts to 18 percent of the total 1987 water demand in the basin. Norwood and the neighboring communities of Canton and Milton have a combined 1987 average day demand of 11.7 mgd. These three communities comprise approximately 24 percent of the basin's land area but used 45 percent of the total 1987 public water supply demand. Figure 4 displays the total 1987 monthly average day demands for the basin communities. The highest monthly ADD was in July when 32.32 mgd was used, about 25 percent higher than the annual ADD. The lowest monthly ADD was 22.93 mgd in October. The January to April and October to December periods represent a fairly steady non- summer demand in the 22.9 to 23.9 mgd range, a flucuation of less than four percent. Due to tight water use restrictions, Stoughton's highest monthly ADD in June was only 10 percent higher than the yearly ADD. The predominately residential towns of Sharon and Medfield had monthly ADDs 46 percent and 59 percent higher than their yearly ADDs. These high ratios were most likely due to high domestic and outdoor water use in the summer. 1987 monthly ADD figures for each town are shown in Appendix 5. Figure 4 NEPONSET RIVER BASIN MONTHLY AVERAGE DAY DEMAND (1987) 35 30 MGD 20 1 5 - 1 Jan. Feb. Mar. April May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. - 10 If the 1987 maximum day demand for all communities had occurred on the same day in 1987, the total amount of water used by the basin's public water supply system would have been 42.63 mgd. B. Historical Demand The 1980-87 average and maximum day demands for each basin community are listed in Tables 3 and 4. ADD rose from 23.17 mgd in 1980 to 25.89 mgd in 1987, a 12 percent increase. ADD rose in 10 of the 1 1 basin communities during the 1980-1987 period and declined slightly in Stoughton. ADD and MDD in the basin, as well as in the entire state, declined during the economic recession of 1981 and 1982. Since 1982 the ADD has increased an average of four percent a year. Figure 5 shows the changes in ADD for each community from 1980 to 1987. Figure 5 NEPONSET RIVER BASIN 1980 AND 1987 ADD 5 4.5 4 3.5 3 '80 Use MGD 2.5 2 '87 Use 1.5 1 0.5 |i i mi i wn i iwn I I —i M l' —h —n—nr | | | Cant. Dedm. Dov. Foxb. Medf. Milt. Norw. Shar. Stght. Walp. West Sources of Data Water demand figures were obtained from the 1980-1987 "Water Supply Statistics Report" submitted by each water supply agency to the regional offices of the Division of Water Supply in the Department of Environmental Quality Engineering (DEQE). The average day demands for each year were calculated by dividing the year's water consumption (in gallons) by 365 days (366, if a leap year). 11 - : TABLE 3 AVERAGE DAY DEMAND (ADD) NEPONSET RIVER BASIN 1980 - 1987 Million Gallons Per Day (mgd) 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 C ommunity ADD ADD ADD ADD ADD ADD ADD ADD Canton 3.02 2.97 2.90 3.30 3.23 3.38 3.23 3.43 Dedham 2.50 2.50 2.42 2.52 2.53 2.52 2.64 2.85 Dover 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.10 0.13 Foxborough 2.36 2.12 2.09 2.27 2.29 2.46 2.56 2.47 Medf ield 0.95 0.91 0.91 1.03 1.08 1.11 1.13 1.07 Milton 2.93 3.05 2.65 2.86 2.83 2.80 3.20 3.51 Norwood 4.35 4.07 4.20 4.23 5.11 4.49 4.64 4.76 Sharon 1.26 1.13 1.10 1.04 1.02 1.15 1.21 1.33 Stoughton 2.40 2.20 2.27 2.22 2.24 2.20 2.24 2.35 Walpole 2.08 2.37 1.92 2.28 2.27 2.38 2.64 2.59 Westwood 1.23 1.23 1.19 1.24 1.25 1.24 1.30 1.41 TOTAL: 23.19 22.66 21.76 23.10 23.96 23.84 24.89 25.90 TABLE 4 MAXIMUM DAY DEMAND (MDD) NEPONSET RIVER BASIN 1980 - 1987 Million Gallons Per Day (mgd) 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 Community MDD MDD MDD MDD MDD MDD MDD MDD Canton 3.55 3.90 4.15 3.99 3.70 5.00 4.00 5.27 Dedham 3.70 3.71 3.80 3.98 3.84 3.44 4.27 4.75 Dover 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.15 Foxborough 3.51 3.14 3.36 3.70 3.79 3.51 3.78 3.70 Medf ield 1.98 2.26 2.25 2.79 2.03 2.03 2.25 2.62 Milton 3.42 3.45 2.96 4.02 3.56 3.68 3.59 4.88 Norwood 7.10 6.13 6.98 6.81 9.08 7.53 7.10 8.59 Sharon 3.11 2.59 1.91 2.19 2.15 2.22 2.45 3.11 Stoughton* 3 73 2.92 3.56 2.97 2.80 2.50 3.03 2.82 Walpole* 4.58 4.01 2.86 3.86 3.08 4.49 3.98 4.40 Westwood 1.85 1.86 1.89 1.96 1.89 1.69 2.11 2.34 TOTAL 36.67 34.11 33.86 36.41 36.06 36.23 36.70 42.63 The 1983 MDD for Stoughton and Walpole are DWR estimates based on their 1983 ADD figure and MDD/ADD ratios from the other seven years of data. 12 C. 1987 Sources of Supply The Neponset River basin communities obtained more of their public water supply from sources outside the Neponset basin than from sources inside the basin. Of the communities' 1987 average day demand of 25.89 mgd, 42 percent, or 10.77 mgd, came from sources within the Neponset basin and 58 percent, or 15.12 mgd, came from sources located outside the Neponset basin. Figure 6 displays the basin sources of water supply for the Neponset basin communities. Figure 6 Neponset River Basin Source of Water Supply Legend M Neponset 42% 5 Taunton 40% E3 MWRA Charles 13% Table 5 lists the portion of each community's average day demand obtained from sources in the various river basins in 1987. Only the Town of Walpole obtained all of its water supply from sources located in the Neponset River basin. Two communities obtain all of their water from the MWRA, and eight communities obtain their water from sources in more than one basin. The MWRA provided 10.53 mgd, or 40 percent of the total 1987 average day demand in the basin. Canton is partially-supplied by the MWRA, receiving 66 percent from the MWRA and 34 percent from sources in the Neponset River basin. Appendix 3A explains the process used to identify and locate public water supply sources, provides a table listing public water supply sites and locations, and includes a map showing the locations of the water supply sources. Appendix 6 contains two summary sheets for each of the basin communities that have a public water supply system. A source map is also included for those communities which are not fully-supplied by the MWRA. - 13 : : TABLE 5 1987 SOURCE OF WATER SUPPLY BY BASIN Million Gallons Per Day (mqd) Neponset Charles Taunton Total C o mmunity Basin Basin Basin MWRA* 1987 ADD Canton 1.17 2.26 3.43 Dedham 2.06 0.78 2.84 Dover 0.06 0.07 0.13 Foxborough 0.73 1.74 2.47 Medf ield 1.00 0.07 1.07 Milton 3.51 3.51 Norwood 4.76 4 .76 Sharon 0.99 0.34 1.33 Stoughton 1.14 1.21 2.35 Walpole 2.59 2.59 Westwood 1.03 0.39 1.42 TOTAL 10.77 1.31 3.29 10.53 25.90 Percent 42% 5% 13% 40% 100% Massachusetts Water Resources Authority (MWRA) sources are located in the Chicopee and Nashua River basins. •14 The Massachusetts Water Resources Authority The Massachusetts Water Resources Authority (MWRA) delivers and distributes water to 46 communities, primarily in the Boston metropolitan area. The MWRA, which was established in 1984 by the Massachusetts Legislature, receives water from the Metropolitan District Commission (MDC) Quabbin and Wachusett Reservoirs. The Legislature created the MWRA in order to modernize the metropolitan area water and sewer systems and to address the problem of the contamination of Boston Harbor. The MWRA wholesales water to the water departments of the user communities. The municipal department then distributes the water to the users and directly bills the user. The Quabbin Reservoir, formed in a valley of the impounded Swift River in the Chicopee River basin, has a capacity of 412 billion gallons. It collects runoff from 186 square miles of watershed and a limited quantity of runoff from 98 square miles of the Ware River watershed. The Wachusett Reservoir, created by a large dam across the South Branch of the Nashua River, has a capacity of 65 billion gallons and a drainage area spreading over 108 square miles. According to the MWRA, the reservoirs provide a combined safe yield of approximately 300 million gallons per day to the MWRA system. Since 1969, the water withdrawn from the reservoir system has exceeded the 300 mgd level yearly. In the Neponset River basin, there are two communities which are fully-supplied (Milton and Norwood) and one community (Canton) which is partially- supplied by the MWRA. During the past few years, the Dedham-Westwood Water District has purchased a small amount of water from the MWRA while a treatment plant was being built for their largest wellfield. Dedham is an original member of the MWRA system. Figure 7 displays the entire MWRA water supply system and Figure 8 shows the Neponset basin communities with rights to MWRA water. Contamination of Public Water Supplies Over the past few decades, four towns in the Neponset River basin have lost five public water supply wells or wellfields due to contamination (see listing below). A total of 6.8 mgd have been lost at some time to contamination, with 2.8 mgd recently returned to use through treatment. Currently, sources with a total 4.0 mgd are not being used due to contamination. In addition, Canton well #3, which has a capacity of about 1.0 mgd, is not being used since ground water in its vicinity has high levels of organic chemicals. Many towns which draw water from the Neponset basin region have problems with high levels of iron and manganese in ground water. Although the metals are non-toxic, they are aesthetically displeasing and stain various materials in high concentrations. Walpole treats their Mine Brook aquifer wells to remove the metals. Contaminated Sources in the Neponset River Basin Town Name Year & Cause Yield(msd) Present Status Canton Well #2 1969 (iron and mang.) 0.50 abandoned Canton Well #7 1979 (organic chem.) 0.50 pumped to waste Norwood Ellis Wells 1957 (organic chem.) 2.00 abandoned, MWRA studying reactivation Norwood Buckmaster 1957 (organic chem.) 1.00 abandoned, Pond Wells MWRA studying reactivation Dedham- White Lodge 1979 (organic chem.) 2.80 back on-line 1987 Westwood Wells #3,#4 15 - Sources of Data Each Municipal Water Resources Management Plan - Phase II questionnaire (1985) includes a map showing the location of the water supply system's source(s). This information was updated and verified in 1987 and 1988 when the superintendents reviewed and verified town summary sheets and maps. The 1987 DEQE, Division of Water Supply Statistics Sheets, Section 2, provided pumpage data for each water supply source. For example, the Town of Sharon has 5 active sources supplying water to their service area, 3 sources located in the Neponset basin and 2 sources in the Taunton basin. The actual pumpage in each basin was obtained from the DEQE Statistics Sheets, Section 2, by combining the totals for individual wells in each basin; thus, of the total 1.33 mgd demand for Sharon in 1987, 0.99 mgd or 74 percent came from sources in the Neponset and 0.34 mgd, or 26 percent, came from sources in the Taunton basin. Information on contaminated sources was obtained from the 1987 report Contamination in Municipal Water Supplies by the Special Legislative Commission on Water Supply, from a DEQE-Division of Water Supply listing of contaminated sources, and from interviews with water superintendents. 17 T» *^F* vf)RCh%ATER -KT * V WELLESLEY / A^ PLAINVILLE^ Neponset River Basin 1987 MWRA Water Users FigureS N Fully-supplied communities Partially-supplied community &^ Entitled to MWRA Water 18 Pi Zfored hv DEM Divixwm^of Water Resounds D. 1987 Type of Supply Ground water is the major source of public water supply for the Neponset River basin communities. Forty-four ground water sources supplied 15.39 mgd or 59 percent of the water used by public water supply systems in 1987. Twenty-three of those sources are located in the Neponset basin, 12 in the Charles basin, and nine in the Taunton basin. Eight communities obtained all or part of their water supply from ground water sources in 1987. Dedham is the largest user of ground water, using 2.84 mgd in 1987. Figure 9 shows the ground and surface water breakdown for 1987. Figure 9 NEPONSET RIVER BASIN 1987 TYPE OF WATER SUPPLY Legend Surface Water Ground Water Two communities, Milton and Norwood, received 100 percent of their public water supply from out-of-basin surface sources in 1987. Both of these communities are fully- supplied by the MWRA. There are no surface water sources currently used for public drinking water in the Neponset basin. Table 6 lists the amounts and percentages of the 1987 average day demand from surface and ground water sources in the basin communities. The figures represent each community's total 1987 water use from sources located in the Neponset and other basins. Sources of Data The quantity of surface and ground water used for each water supply system was determined from the DEQE, Division of Water Supply, 1987 Water Supply Statistics Sheets, Section 2, and/or interviews with water supply officials. In Dover, with more than one water supply system, this information was aggregated to arrive at a community total. 19 0) V) ** D a oooo oooo o\° • s U *$ oooooooooo C7> o p 9 H H H H i-H i-H «-H i-H LO -p 04 u 9 +» 5 01 6 c> ^r co r- r~ co lo cr> cm 00 ao H 00 H "^ O o o oo oo lo ^r en LO CM CM H CM CM c H O 3 O u CO S * 9 W Hi EH 04 G o D CO 04 (0 US o o X D LO" H U fd o oo^oor-r-t-H^oooLOcricM o 00 9 '^cotH'^rOLor^ooooio^r COCMOCMHCO^HCMCMH LO rt 2g CM a Cn G 3 -0 O T3 c O H -P d) O 3 c s M CD c O c A H O Hi rd u O -H o O o tr> O < 6 -M x: -20 E. 1987 Estimated Distribution of Water Use The estimate of the distribution of water use by the communities and water supply superintendents is shown in Table 7. Public water agencies in Dover, Sharon, and Stoughton did not estimate the distribution of water use in their towns and were excluded from the analysis in this section. In 1987, the water provided by the public water supply systems in the Neponset basin was utilized in the manner shown in Figure 10. Figure 10 Neponset River Basin 1987 Distribution of Water Use Legend m Residential n Unaccounted 10% Commercial 49% n Industrial Municipal 26% B Other Source: Water Superintendent estimated breakdowns The main water use in the Neponset basin is residential, which accounts for 49 percent of the 1987 total volume furnished by public water supply systems. In six communities, residential water use was 50 percent or more of total water use. Over 50 percent of public water use in the three non-reporting towns is also residential, according to public water supply officials in those towns. In 1987, unaccounted-for water represented 26 percent of the basin's water supply demand. This is the most difficult category of water use to define since its meaning is open to interpretation. As a result, different methods were used by local water supply agencies to calculate water use in this category. For example, some small systems include leakage and other uses such as flushing of mains in residential consumption and then list a low percentage in the unaccounted-for water category. Other systems have high percentages of unaccounted-for water use because they have a high percentage of unmetered use assigned to the unaccounted-for category. In 1987, commercial water use was 10 percent in the basin, with the highest percentages in Canton, Dedham and Westwood. Industrial water use was approximately 12 percent in the basin, with the highest percentages in Foxborough and Norwood. Agricultural water use from the public water supply systems was nonexistent throughout the basin. Table 7 lists the estimated 1987 percentages for different types of public water use provided by public water supply systems in the the Neponset basin. - 21 - Water Use Definitions The definitions for different water uses are as follows: Residential -water used by individuals and families in houses, apartments, condominiums and mobile home parks Commercial -water used by business other than industry Industrial -water used by industries for processing, cooling, sanitary, etc. Agricultural -water used by the farming industry for irrigation or livestock Municipal -water used in metered public buildings and services Other -water wholesaled to other public water supply systems in or out of the community Unaccounted-for -unmetered use, including water used by municipal buildings, system flushing and maintenance, leakage, fire fighting, etc. Sources of Data The percent estimated distribution of water use for each water supply system was obtained from the 1987 "Water Supply Statistics Report" submitted by the system's superintendent to the DEQE, Division of Water Supply and/or interviews with local water supply officials. T3 - 23 F. Inflow - Outflow Analysis The Neponset River basin is a net exporter of water. For example, the Town of Walpole's water supply is obtained from sources in the Neponset River basin. Walpole has a municipal sewer system serving the about 45 percent of the town's population, which discharges the wastewater effluent into the Atlantic Ocean through the MWRA sewer system. If one assumes for this analysis that all water sent to public sewer systems in the basin is ultimately discharged and not leaked, then there is a net loss of the water supply originating in the Neponset basin. Table 8 displays the basin of origin and discharge of the 1987 water supply for each community in the basin. In total, 15.13 mgd entered the basin and 20.91 mgd left the basin, meaning that the net average daily outflow from the Neponset River basin in 1987 was approximately 5.78 mgd. In other terms, 10.77 mgd was withdrawn from the basin as water supply and only 4.99 mgd was returned as wastewater resulting in the net export of 5.78 mgd. Forty percent of the water used for public water supply purposes in the Neponset basin comes from MWRA sources in the Chicopee and Nashua basins. Of the 1987 public water supply systems' average day demand of 25.90 mgd, 10.77 mgd (42 percent) came from sources in the Neponset basin, 10.53 mgd (40 percent) came from the MWRA, and 4.60 mgd (18 percent) came from other basins. Of the 11 communities in the basin, only one received all of its water from public sources in the Neponset basin, two receive all of their water from the MWRA, and the remainder from two or more basins. Of the 1987 ADD of 25.90 mgd, 66 percent, or 17.23 mgd, is transferred out of the basin as wastewater for discharge into the ocean. Approximately 4.99 mgd (18 percent) was discharged within the Neponset River basin, approximately 2.75 mgd (11 percent) into the Taunton basin and 4 percent into the Charles River basin. Figure 1 1 shows the basin breakdown for source of water supply and basin of wastewater discharge. Figure 11 BASIN SOURCE OF BASIN OF WASTEWATER WATER SUPPLY DISCHARGE Legend Legend 18% m Neponset M Neponset 42% B Taunton S Taunton 40% 1 1% H MWRA E3 Ocean Charles 67% Charles 13% 24 c G G 00 ^r vo vo oo r- cm (d -H o CM o\° -H 00 00 CM T H f to u id rH rH rH rd CM CM 00 rH g o m -H 4-1 CO Q o 4J •H 0\° 4-> CM t O "> Hi to rH (0 C • • * fa 5 3 id CM o O CM IH CD id ffl T3 D 4-> rn CO CO H O d CO 12 ! -P Hi m G 0) 00 CM U0 < (0 •H CO V) rH O CM GO Q c G 0) 0.25 0.25 0.78 1.42 4.99 19% U -H id rH O O o CO ftffl CD rd CD « Pu S PQ O pq 55 co h! > CO fa h G r» oo ^r 00 r- r- rH VO 00 m G 00 O < VD rH m o\° O w -H CM m • o • 00 o «^r a CM ^ rH 55 -H H s CO IS G en , ,, 00 r- r- rH r-l •H Q r- o o 00 00 o\° Q u 0) id id o o o o rH .G CQ r~ cj 00 - 25 V. DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE This chapter analyzes several important factors in water use for the Neponset River basin. Since about one-half of water used in the basin is for domestic use by the residential sector, the population level plays a large role in determining past water use and helping project future water use in the basin. Housing trends can also play a role in determining how much water is used per person. Since about one-quarter of water used in the basin is for industrial and commercial purposes, the economic activity of the basin as shown in employment levels can also play a major role in past, present, and future water use. A. Population and Population Trends The 1980 federal census for the Neponset River basin was 200,504. From 1980 to 1986, the population of the basin was estimated to increase by 0.6 percent to 201,762 based on U.S. Bureau of the Census and official town estimates. Norwood is the most populous community in the basin. In 1986, Norwood's 29,272 citizens accounted for 15 percent of the basin's population. Table 9 shows the area's population changes from 1940 to 1986. In the decade of the 1940s, the basin communities experienced an 20 percent increase in population followed by a 44 percent increase in the 1950s, and a 25 percent increase in the 1960s. During the 1970s, the basin population rose by 2 percent to 200,504 in 1980. Figure 12 shows the 1940 to 1986 population trend. In the 1980s, population decreased in the suburbs closest to the Boston area including Dedham, Milton, Norwood, and Westwood Population in these four communities declined by 2,919 people, or 3. 1 percent. Population increased in the communities farther from the Boston area, with the Medfield-Walpole-Foxborough-Sharon area growing by 2,712 people, or 4.8 percent. Of the basin communities, Norwood is the smallest in area and the most densely populated community, with 2,730 persons per square mile. Dover has the lowest population with 4,970 persons and is the least densely populated at 296 persons per square mile. Foxborough, with 26.97 square miles, is the largest community in the basin and the second least densely populated. Residents of the basin's four most populated communities, Norwood, Milton, Stoughton, and Dedham, account for approximately 52 percent of the basin's population but reside on only 22 percent of the land area. Table 10 shows the land area and population for the 1 1 basin communities. Figure 12 1940-1986 POPULATION TREND NEPONSET RIVER BASIN COMMUNITIES (in thousands) 250r 986 Year 26 P M 01 «> CO CO r- CM o O en cn o 00 00 IT) en VO VO vo in (U 0» 00 oo CM O CO m 00 rH rH CO CO o 00 CM XI C 1 1 6 id o rH rH oo 3 J3 1 ss O en H m to O O O o o o CM O o o o CM m D 00 rH CO m rH o r- VO en CM ao VO vo vo M w en n 00 00 m m CM e'- CM r- l-t CO m •a* O m en CO vo oo CO o 55 rH CM r-i CM CM CM rH o o CM h a; §g hJ H o O m en 00 rH o r- en en vo D CC O m CM i-H CM en vo vo CM CM en m CM CO r-t oo CO rH r- co O £h en Oi W VO CO x: p en c •H 3 o n c O •-i 73 4-1 o CO C s u CD C o c X! r-H o r3 CD e O - 27 - 1 i cocri^o^cnoio^'g'CN cr>ojCN^^nmM(riOH co r^cMO^^r-icncnr-^^co HCD CM CM iH iH <— -H s tj xi CO C Cn >1\ -o T3 P ij CD X3 +J CD H e C jd c ^H CD n c rd Cn 5 •H u nsi eopl 2 43 -U P +J 4-1 a m -Q. h CD n T3 H CO c rH T3 X fO > <0 Q. CO c\jr~i—ITCO^TlDC^CO^ o 0) CTiCMCMLDCO'C^CMO^D^ CTi 2 BS •o • 4-1 O CO M O "=3" rH CT> - 28 B. Seasonal Population Seasonal population in the Neponset River basin is not significant The only communities to report a seasonal population are Foxborough and Sharon, which estimated a total of 1,234 additional people during the summer season. The total basin population for 1986 was 201,762. The seasonal population of 1,234 people represents about a 0.06 percent increase in population. Sources of Data The estimated increase in seasonal population has been calculated with information obtained from local water supply superintendents. Very little hard data is available to approximate the distribution of seasonal population throughout the year. Gordian Associates, in the analysis entitled "Regional Solid Waste Alternatives for Martha's Vineyard" (1979), developed an equation to approximate the relationship between the winter and summer populations of the island. In simple terms, it states that every 100 seasonal residents are equivalent to 18.75 year-round residents. (See Appendix 2 for a more complete discussion). The peak seasonal population figure was obtained from water superintendents. This figure was multiplied by 0.1875 to obtain the seasonal population factor. C. Service Population Of the 201,762 persons living year round in the Neponset River basin in 1986, about 196,713 people, or 97 percent, obtain their water from a public water supply system. Five out of the 11 basin communities are 100 percent served by a public water supply system. Five communities are at least 96 percent served by public water and one community, Dover, is only 27 percent served. Table 1 1 shows the percent of the population served by a central water supply system in 1986. Sources of Data The 1986 service population represents the percent of the 1986 federal census population that is served by the community's central water supply system(s). If a community's 1986 service population is 90 percent, it means that 90* percent of the population is on a central supply system, and the other 10 percent of the population is self- supplied, relying entirely on individual private wells. - 29 - Table 11 1986 Service Population Neponset River Basin COMMUNITY 1986 1986 % 1986 1986 BASE CENSUS SERVICE SEASONAL OR SERVICE ESTIMATE POPULATION OUT OF TOWN POPULATION POPULATION Canton 18,340 100% 18,340 Dedham 23,810 100% 23,810 Dover 4,830 27% 1,304 Foxborough 14,550 100% 38 14,588 Medf ield 10,610 99% 10,504 Milton 25,500 100% 25,500 Norwood (a) 29,272 100% 200 29,472 Sharon 14,660 98% 379 14,746 Stoughton 27,190 97% 26,374 Walpole 19,720 98% 19,326 Westwood(a) 13,280 96% 12,749 TOTAL 201,762 196,713 (a) 1986 Town census used in place of federal estimate 30 D. Housing Trends Another indicator of growth patterns in the Neponset River basin is building permit data collected by the U.S. Bureau of the Census and demolition data collected by the Massachusetts Institute for Social and Economic Research (MISER). Cities and towns report building permits issued every month or year, and the Census Bureau estimates permit figures for months not reported. The data exludes mobile homes. Building permits issued may not necessarily result in actual housing starts and completions. Net new residential housing units increased in the period from 1980 to 1986 by 7.3 percent (4,826 units), from 66,172 to 70,998. The difference between this relatively large percent rise in housing units and the small estimated population increase may be due to several factors: non-completion of units issued permits; underestimation of population increase by census officials; and/or continued decline of persons per unit as families get smaller. The growth in residential housing in the Neponset basin can be divided into three categories. The first category of low housing growth of two to five percent between 1980 and 1986 includes Dedham, Milton, Norwood, Stoughton and Westwood. The second category of medium housing growth of 10 to 1 1 percent includes Canton, Dover, Foxborough, and Medfield. The third category of faster housing growth above 13 percent includes Sharon and Walpole. Figure 13 shows the 1980-1986 growth in new residential housing units by town in the Neponset basin. Figure 13 NET NEW RESIDENTIAL HOUSING PERMITS 1980-1986 NEPONSET RIVER BASIN (percent increase shown) 1000t 19% P 13% e 800-- 10% r Ron.. 11% m 4% 5% 400" 10% 4% i 3% «™ * 200- 1 0% 3% s Cant. Dedm. Dov. Foxb. Medf. Milt. Norw. Shar. Stght. Walp. West. Water use and water use per person frequently varies according to type of housing development. Single family homes, with large lawns and extensive plantings, usually have greater water demands per person than larger housing developments such as apartment buildings. Seventy-five percent of the 1980-1986 housing unit permit growth in the basin was for single family homes. In Sharon and Walpole, two of the fastest growing towns, over 85 percent of new housing unit permits were for single family homes. Over 50 percent of the new units permitted in Canton and Norwood were in dwellings with 5 or more family units. If these housing growth patterns continue in the future, towns such as Walpole may face increasing water demands, especially during the outdoor watering period. If stable population communities such as Norwood continue to increase in number of multiple family dwellings, the future water demands may not change considerably. In 1970 there was an average of 3.21 persons per housing unit in the basin area according to the 1970 federal census. By 1980 the persons per unit dropped six percent to 3.03 31 based on U.S. Census Bureau figures. If all of the housing units permitted during the 1980- 1986 period were built and occupied, the persons per unit would have declined further to 2.83. E. Employment Commercial and industrial water use account for approximately one-quarter of the Neponset basin's total public water use. To the extent that employment figures represent commercial and industrial activity, changes in employment levels in the basin area affect water use by these users of public water supplies. Other factors such as technological changes and conservation also play a role in commercial and industrial water use. Between 1980 and 1987 employment grew from 89,537 to 107,080, about 20 percent, according to statistics assembled by the Massachusetts Department of Employment Security (DES). Employment growth in the three towns of Canton, Stoughton, and Westwood accounted for almost 80 percent of the basin's total growth of 17,543 jobs. Employment in Walpole and Foxborough declined by five percent. Figure 14 shows the 1980-1987 changes in employment in the Neponset basin area. Figure 14 EMPLOYMENT IN THE NEPONSET RIVER BASIN 1980-1987 110000 105000 100000 95000 90000 85000 80000 75000 70000 1980 1981 1982 983 984 1985 986 1987 The 20 percent employment increase may have played a significant role in the 12 percent increase in public water use during the 1980-1987 period. Resident population remained fairly stable during this period. According to a recent MAPC study entitled The Population And Employment Outlook For The Metropolitan Boston Area . 49 percent of the new labor force in the MAPC area during the 1980-1986 period were commuters from outside the MAPC area. Since the entire Neponset basin is within the MAPC area, a significant portion of the employment growth probably came from people living outside the basin area. These employees who commute from outside the Neponset basin represent new users of the basin's public water supply systems. DES statistics show a sharp decline in manufacturing jobs during the 1980-1987 period. Manufacturing industries, especially those which use water directly in the manufacturing process, are often Targe users of public water supplies. Therefore, it can be assumed that manufacturing water use declined during this time period and water use in the commercial sector, office buildings, and other types of development probably increased as the employment grew 20 percent. Employment is projected to rise by 16 percent to 124,000 between 1987 and 2010, according to the Metropolitan Area Planning Council's projections. Figure 15 shows the 32 Neponset basin, such as Rte. 128, 1-95, Rte. 1, Rte. 1A, and Rte. 138, provide direct access for commuters and support further commercial and industrial growth. These five roads provide growth corridors which include nine of the 1 1 basin communities. Figure 15 EMPLOYMENT IN 1987 AND 2010 PROJECTION NEPONSET RIVER BASIN 30000-r J 25000- o 20000- b 15000- s 10000- 5000- Dedm Norw. Stght. Walp. F. Population Projections Based on MAPC and MISER estimates, DWR projects that the overall population of the Neponset River basin will increase by 5.5 percent from 201,762 to 212,904 people in the 1986 to 2020 period. During the 1986 to 2020 period, 9 of the 1 1 basin communities are expected to experience an increase in population. The Town of Foxborough is projected to experience the largest percentage growth (22%) and the largest numerical growth (3,190) in the basin. The communities projected to have the largest percentage and numerical increase and decrease in population between 1986 and 2020 are shown in Table 12. The Foxborough-Medfield-Sharon-Walpole area is projected to continue to be the fastest growing region in the basin, with a 16 percent increase from 1986 to 2020. Table 9 details the population trends in the basin from 1940 to 1986. Table 13 shows the numerical and percentage changes in population projections from 1986 to 2020 for the basin communities. Figure 16 shows the 1986 to 2020 projected changes in population for the basin communities. Figure 16 NEPONSET RIVER BASIN COMMUNITIES POPULATION IN 1986 AND 2020 PROJECTION 30000 P 25000 e 20000 o 1986 P 2020 I e Cant. Dedm. Dov. Foxb. Medf. Milt. Norw.Shar. Stght. Walp. West. - 33 - Ten of the 1 1 town population projections were prepared in 1988 by the Metropolitan Area Planning Council (MAPC) and projections for the Town of Stoughton were prepared in 1988 by the Massachusetts Institute for Social and Economic Research (MISER). MISER projections for Stoughton were used instead of MAPC's projections because MAPC's figures appeared to be far too high compared to both the town census figures for 1986 and 1987, and the U.S. Bureau of the Census estimates for Stoughton in 1986. MAPC's projections for the Town of Dover, a projected steady population of 4,700 from 1990 to 2010 were raised by 300 to 5,000 persons for the 1990 - 2020 period based on the most recent town and federal census information. MAPC's trend of steady population for Dover was retained in the population adjustment The MAPC prepared population projections in five-year increments through 2010 based on the latest federal and local population figures, demographic and economic information, and local land use studies and interviews. DWR population projections for the year 2020 were derived by taking the MAPC projected growth rate between 2000, 2005, and 2010 and extending that projected change for the period between 2010 and 2020. The MAPC publication, Interim Population Forecast 1980 - 2010 (January 1982), explains the agency's projection methodology and contains detailed explanatory charts and tables. Projections for Stoughton to 2020 were derived by taking the projected growth rate between 1990 and 1995, and extending that projected growth between 1995 and 2020. MISER's publication, Summary Methodology - Cities and Towns Population Projections. March. 1988. explains the Institute's projection methodology, base-line data and assumptions. 34 C o T3 H o o o o o o o o 4J 4J O «^r o o r- ^ o r- o r~ cm ^r oo r- CM O0 "sT ©OH *. ^ ** *• •nCM 3 r- r~ cm «h r~ r- rH cm iH ffl M a o O H * pa o o o o o o o o U qc cm rj o CT> «^ C7> LO 35 - 1 i . CD 4J o 00 rH ID cn cn CO LO 00 CO 36 - . G. Projected Service Area Expansion Five of the 11 basin communities provide water supply to 100 percent of their populations. Six basin communities have less than 100 percent of their populations on public water supply. By the year 2020, a total of eight communities are expected to reach 100 percent served by public water supply.Table 15 lists the 1986 and the projected 2020 service population for each community in the basin. Three communities are not expected to reach 100 percent served by public water supply by 2020. Dover is projected to reach 57 percent served by public water supplies by 2020. Walpole is expected to remain at 98 percent served, according to the town's water superintendent. Stoughton is a special case with respect to service area expansion. The town has had a ban on all new water connections since 1979. As of this writing, there is no indication that the ban will be lifted. Therefore, the number of people served remains constant, but the percent served by public water supply will decrease as the town population grows in the future. It is generally anticipated that in communities where the service population is less than 100 percent of the community's census population, the percentage of people served will increase during the planning period. The estimates of service area change were developed from discussions with local water supply system managers and from historical experience about the way service areas develop in response to, or in anticipation of, population growth within a community. For planning purposes, it was assumed that: 1 Those communities with a 100 percent service population in 1987 will remain at 100 percent through the planning period to the year 2020. 2. Those communities with a 1987 service population of 90 percent or more will increase 5 percent a decade with all, except Walpole and Stoughton, reaching 100 percent by the year 2000. 3. Those communities with a service population of less than 90 percent are adjusted on an individual basis, based upon estimates of service area growth to 1995, as reported by the water system managers, and then increased by 10 percent per decade until the year 2020. Table 14 is an illustration of how these communities are expected to increase the percentage of the population served during the 1986-2020 study period. Table 14 Change in Percent Service Population Communitv 1987 1995 2000 2010 2020 Canton 100 100 100 100 100 Dedham 100 100 100 100 100 Dover 27 32 37 47 57 Foxborough 100 100 100 100 100 Medfield 99 99 100 100 100 Milton 100 100 100 100 100 Norwood 100 100 100 100 100 Sharon 98 99 100 100 100 Stoughton 97 96 96 96 96 Walpole 98 98 98 98 98 Westwood 96 99 100 100 100 37 A II £ o o o CO o o O CT» CO CO o II CO Q H O 1 o o in c-* o o o r- a CO ft 1 II < O II ft II II o\o o\o o\<> i o\° s o\« o\° o\° o\° o\° o\° o\« II VO w w o 1 O O r» o o o o o CO o II 1 in CT\ CT> II CO u H I O O o o o o o o 1 o < H Eh ! H H H H rH H H H II 1 CM w > II !i 1 o PS PS 5! 1 OJ O H P 1 II Cfl swa* i II c H O 1 II o\o o £ II •H II -P s O O o o o O o o ^ O o II ^ •^ [^ td a o 1 O O o o O o o CT» o II o rH w H cn co o t^ «tf. <7> f* CN CO CO CN II cn *. 3 1 o Eh Eh II O. 1 CN U co "^r in r- cn in CT> r»- t^ H CO II CN o 1 o W a rH CN H H CN CN H CN CN r^ II H ft 1 CN p II CN O ft II CD PS O II c ft eu II •H •H | II > w u rrf CD CQ co s II -^ -* 1 VO VO U W o o o co ^ O CN cn II CO "^ in 1 1 rH o CD CO W M 1 ^ o co o o r- r- CN X! T3 -P 1 CO w ft II H g td <1) 1 cn II c 1 co O •H rd CO 1 1 • En H ft II P C 1 II VO ;z, PS 5 O O O CO O o o C7i o O o II 0) CO a o £ co o r^ II -H r-\ cn CD 1 o H I CN CO II -P cH vo s 1 ^ Eh II rd rd r-i 1 CO < II U 4-1 1 en s fa SI II Q) 3 1 H o O P 1 II t3 a CO ft 1 II C < Eh O 1 II W P ft ! II 4-1 w CO O II C o\o o\o o\o o\o •H ! o\° o\° o\° o\° o\° o\° o\° II 5 VO ^ Z 1 O O r» O CT\ O O CO r^ CO II o rd H o 1- O O CN O <7> O O cn 1 o\° ! a U H H H H H H II u vw g H Eh II rd vo r-i 1 > II o o 1 co PS 5 II a 1 Cn w D II p 1 H CO ft II C 3 O II -H ft II II T3 T3 w ! O O o O O O CN o o o o II CN Q) C CO Eh 1 1 «H Eh iH CN H H CN CN H CN rH H II o u CO II CN II censu season II II Town II 're? II eludes 1 X CT 'Jd c II 1 Eh o II 86 1 H rH p 1 s 1 c g ^ d) c C ,c; ^ O II cn C i -H i <4H g l -p & d) ^ p 5 r4 3 ap II < *-^ ^-^ 1 S 1 C T3 > X T3 rH M CO rH CO II Eh 1 rd 1 O rd CU 0) •H £ P rd CU II o £* ' 1 1 Eh u UQQhSSSWWSS II VI. PROJECTED WATER DEMANDS This chapter discusses the projected average day demands (ADD) and maximum day demands (MDD) for the Neponset River basin communities through the year 2020. The ADD describes the total amount of water used by a community during the year, divided by 365 days (or 366 in a leap year). Because the amount of water used varies significantly from season to season, as discussed in Chapter II, the average figure does not reflect the actual amount of variation. The MDD shows the highest level of demand on the water supply system and is an important figure for planning future system requirements and evaluating the potential for water conservation in a community. The combination of ADD and MDD projections provides a useful picture of water demand for each community. Projections of demand, combined with an assessment of available supplies can assist communities in planning the direction of future development This Volume I study assesses the demand side; Volume II will analyze the basin water supply situation, and Volume EI, the Basin Plan, will provide recommendations and alternatives to meet projected demands given available supplies. To project demand through the study period, DWR uses three basic figures: Base Demand, the MDD to ADD ratio, and Gallons Per Capita Per Day (GPCD). A. Base Water Demand In reviewing the trends of water use for these Massachusetts communities, where population, employment, and water use have changed recently, DWR has found that basing future demand projections on a long historical trend of water use gives incorrectly low results. Conversely, using only the most recent year's water demand figures may be inaccurate due to one- time events requiring large quantities of water, such as a large fire, or a particularly warm or dry summer. To modify these influences and still reflect a reasonable trend, DWR has used a three- year average of water demand as the basis for projections. In slower growing communities, the three-year average is likely to be quite similar to the long-term trend. This average of the most recent three years of water demand is termed "Base Demand" for each community. The 1985-1987 base demand for the Neponset basin communities is 24.88 mgd. By the year 2020, the average day demand of communities in the basin is estimated to reach 30.42 mgd, a 22 percent increase. Figure 17 shows the projected changes in ADD for each community from 1987 to 2020. Figure 17 1987 AND PROJECTED 2020 ADD NEPONSET RIVER BASIN COMMUNITIES Cant. Dedm. Dov. Foxb. Medf. Milt. Norw. Shar. Stght. Walp. West. Tables 16 and 17 shows the 1995-2020 projected average and maximum day demands for each community in the basin. - 39 - . . TABLE 16 1995-2020 AVERAGE DAY DEMAND PROJECTIONS NEPONSET RIVER BASIN Million Gallons Per Day (mqd) Base Demand Inc Percent Inc Demand From 1985-87 From 1985-87 Community 1985-87 1995 2000 2010 2020 To 2020 To 2020 (%) Canton 3.35 3.41 3.49 3.66 3.82 0.47 14 Dedham 2.67 2.79 2.86 3.00 3.13 0.46 17 Dover 0.11 0.14 0.16 0.22 0.28 0.17 155 Foxborough 2.50 2.82 2.95 3.22 3.50 0.10 40 Medf ield 1.10 1.28 1.34 1.42 1.49 0.39 35 Milton 3.17 3.30 3.38 3.54 3.70 0.53 17 Norwood 4.63 4.81 4.93 5.17 5.40 0.77 17 Sharon 1.23 1.43 1.50 1.59 1.69 0.46 37 Stoughton 2.26 2.31 2.36 2.48 2.59 0.33 15 Walpole 2.54 2.81 2.91 3.07 3.24 0.70 28 Westwood 1.32 1.39 1.44 1.50 1.57 0.25 19 TOTAL: 24.88 26.48 27.33 28.87 30.42 5.54 22 TABLE 17 1995-2020 MAXIMUM DAY DEMAND PROJECTIONS NEPONSET RIVER BASIN Mill ion Gall ons Per Day (mgd) Base Demand Inc. P arcent Inc MDD From 1985-87 F com 1985-87 Community 1985-87 1995 2000 2010 202 to 2020 (mad) to 2020 (%) Canton 4.76 4.84 4.96 5.19 5.43 0.67 14 Dedham 4.15 4.33 4.44 4.65 4 .86 0.71 17 Dover 0.14 0.18 0.22 0.29 0.36 0.22 157 Foxborough 3.66 4.14 4.33 4.73 5.15 1.49 41 Medf ield 2.30 2.67 2.80 2.96 3.12 0.82 36 Milton 4.05 4.19 4.29 4 .50 4 .70 0.65 16 Norwood 7.74 8.04 8.24 8.63 9.02 1.28 16 Sharon 2.59 3.00 3.16 3.35 3.54 _ 0.95 37 Stoughton 2.78 2.84 2.91 3.05 3.19 0.41 15 Walpole 4.29 4.77 4.95 5.23 5.51 1.22 28 Westwood 2.05 2.15 2.22 2.33 2.44 0.39 19 TOTAL: 38.51 41.15 42.52 44 .90 47.32 8.81 23 40 - B. Per Capita Demand Changes In order to develop water demand projections from population projections for a public water supply system, certain assumptions must be made regarding the gallons consumed per capita per day (GPCD). GPCD varies from community to community in Massachusetts depending on the type of water use (industrial, residential, etc.), water use restrictions, leakage, and possibly such factors as water price and per capita income differences. As an example in the Neponset basin, Foxborough has several large industrial users and a GPCD of about 170 in 1987 while residential Sharon had a GPCD of about 97. A community's GPCD also varies from year to year depending on changes in precipitation, type of water use, use restrictions, attitudes concerning conservation, and prices. A largely residential town will most likely see a rise in GPCD during a dry year due to greater outdoor watering. In the 1 1 Neponset basin communities, GPCD rose from 1 18.3 in 1980 to 131.8 in 1987, an increase of 1 1 percent. The economic recession of the early 1980's, which contributed to a statewide decrease in water use, may be responsible for the GPCD decline shown in Figure 18. Figure 18 GALLONS PER CAPITA DAY (GPCD) 1980-1987 NEPONSET RIVER BASIN 135 130 125 + 120 GPCD 115 110 105 100 980 1981 I982 I983 984 I985 I986 987 Figure 19 shows the Neponset basin community GPCD changes during the 1980's. The service population figures used to derive GPCD for each community were straight line interpretations between the 1980 and estimated 1986 populations. GPCD increased in nine of the 1 1 basin communities during the 1980 to 1987 period (see Figure 19). The 20 percent employment increase in the basin communities and the moderate growth in housing units in the southwest part of the basin may be responsible for the continued GPCD growth. Sixteen of the 22 nearby Charles River basin communities also experienced GPCD increases during the same time period. For water demand projection purposes, a five percent per decade increase in GPCD is assumed as continued commercial and industrial growth and moderate residential growth in certain towns will keep an upward pressure on the GPCD factor in the basin. Existing conservation efforts and water use restrictions have limited water use increases and will continue to do so. For example, the MWRA is testing a pilot program in Milton to retrofit domestic water fixtures with conservation devices. That program may be expanded to the other MWRA communities. Due to recent changes in the state plumbing code, water saving devices will be installed in new construction as well as rehabilitation projects. 41 in rviM «> r- oq H §Z ~^o> 3 ^ mh <** r 1 r^. MM ** ?> »^ C^ZH wO Ed* -3 ^ J z < ? OeuUQ 42 - Summer outdoor water use restrictions, such as mandator*' odd-even day watering schedules, will also limit water use increases, especially during dry years. Some communities may experience a significant change in water demand during the planning period if, for example, a large water-intensive industry or processing facility opens or closes in the area. Where this information is known, the anticipated change in water use has been added to or subtracted from the projected water use for the community. Figure 20 shows two water demand projections for the basin from the base period to 2020. The higher projection assumes the five percent GPCD increase per decade while the lower projection assumes that GPCD will remain level at base conditions. The 2020 demand projection is 26.37 mgd, or 14 percent, lower when the GPCD is assumed to remain constant Figure 20 AVERAGE DAY DEMAND PROJECTIONS NEPONSET RIVER BASIN USD 1ZIZ C. Maximum Dav Demand and the MDD to ADD Ratio Projecting maximum day demand for a public water supply system since future water supply, distribution, and storage systems must be able to deliver •*• C .w- under MDD conditions. Water supply systems that depend heavily on ground water are most vulnerable to MDD problems since the yield of ground water supplies is often limited, and supply wells have limited pumping capacities. Surface wa:er sources offer more flexibility in terms of meeting MDD conditions as long as the water levels are high enough to prevent water quality problems. The maximum dav demand in the Neponset basin is projected to increase from the 1985- 1987 base of 38.52 mgd to 47.32 mgd by 2020. an increase of 23 percent. The MDD projections assume that the MDD to .ADD ratio, derived from the 1985-1987 base period, will remain the same over the planning period. Fluctuations in the ratio, such as those shown in Table 18. will influence the accuracy oi the MDD levels in the summer and during unpredictable events, such as large fires and leaks or a drought, will also influence the MDD to .ADD ratio. Table 18 lists the .ADD. MDD and MDD/.ADD yearly ratio for the basin commumnes dad the 1985-1987 base period. The base MDD :o ADD ratio i's derived :;• averaging the rarcs uur the 1985-1987 period. Stoughton has the lowest MDD to .ADD ratio due to water use restriction which limit peak summer demands. Tne predominately residential towns of Sharon ana Medfidi had the highest ratios most likely due to high domestic and outdoor water use in the summer. 43 <1> Q t* Q O m rl CN LD CM r- en r- r- o oo O in m -3* tr> 00 ^r CM <^> T-4 CM r- M •U o m m 01 Q rH rH rH r-{ CM rH rH CM <-{ <-{ <-i rH > Q Pi < Q Q O •< •H ^ r~ m O m Q rH rH rH r-4 CM rH rH CM rH r-i rH rH Q 05 a r- 00 Q r* IT) in O CM 00 en rH CM o 'S' 00 Q CM rH c~ C£> 00 in rH 00 00 CM H a IT) O oo CM 00 00 CM CM O r-» Q 00 m OO r- r- <-i ^D 00 m en r-\ 00 *3* oo o in 00 00 m en a < 00 CM CM rH 00 rH CM CM m H o CM Q en Q g < H ^ CM o 00 Q Q O < •H 00 p- o 00 00 rH 00 OO ^< cn VO CM P ^ 00 "C ^ 00 00 Q « rH iH r-i rH rH rH rH rH rH rH r-t rH Q OS 2 00 lO ** rH 00 ao 00 cn cn a O T CM O CM OS Q o rH m o m CM m **• en VO 2 00 o 00 CM 00 CM CM rH 00 <* m I"H VD r-i >i s: -P en a H 3 -o o -a C o r-\ n +J (D O u CD X! 3 c g C o C H O J-} g o (0 iH o -rl O o O Cn O 3 < +J A CD £) 4-1 4-) 3 U 3 a -P g c -a > X T3 H u rtS o r-\ CO O (0 CD o o CD -H o x: 4-> (0 CD O o O Q Q fc. a a S CO CO £ S EH D. Water Demand Projection Assumptions For planning purposes, the projections should not be regarded as exact numbers, but rather as estimates of future water demand. These estimates are based on the following assumptions representing DWR's forecast of what will be occurring during the next 33 years. The population forecasts prepared by the MAPC and MISER were based on the growth patterns of the individual communities and the region. These studies indicate that the Neponset Basin will average an overall increase in population of 5.5 percent during the planning period 1987-2020. It is assumed that public water supply service areas will expand during the next 33 years. In communities where more than 90 percent of the population is served, the percentage will increase to 100 percent except in two towns. In Walpole a small portion of the town is expected to remain self- supplied. In Stoughton a public water connection ban will keep the total number served constant and decrease the percent using public water. The projection methodology also assumes that those communities currently under 90 percent will increase 10 percent per decade from 1990 to 2020. E. Water Demand Projection Methodology The water demand projection methodology (see Appendix 2) reflects anticipated changes in service population, per capita demand, demand management, and characteristics of the individual communities. Appendix 2 contains a detailed explanation of each step in the methodology. Table 19 presents the various 2020 demand components based on the methodology assumptions. Figure 21 contains the 2020 Water Demand Projection assumptions, and Table 20, the actual 2020 Water Demand Projections. 45 I i T3 g c Csl ro V£> u> lD CM CM *r cr> rH S o T 00 CM CI) sr CD 00 rH i— r- o IT) i— LD *r m "3" o lD 00 *?• CTi 00 00 LD CM CM n «3< (0 CD 0i "0 +) *i « G C H M 4i m 0> 0» Tj -U 41 C IX C o 4) ao H CO OO CO oo o O o o o o o oo O «J o o r- o o o r- CTi 00 o LT) ao CM flS CM 00 r~ ^r H J3 +j o> C H 3 -a o T3 C O H T3 Jj 0) o C g h a) c O c s: rH O U -H 01 g O (C o o O o o 3 ^J jC 0> £> 4-1 -1-1 3 u D a U C o > X T3 rH M (0 O rH CO M (0 0) o O a) -H O J5 4J m 0) O U o Q Q Pci 2 s 2 CO 00 s S en - 46 - : s CM i/l C O ^ M «J > X < »- po m •— rsj Kt — o o O O (M >* M K f\J O Kt fM O K» *- r- N fSJ t- ooo«ooo>aMO ^ UJ D o o in o o o o »o o UJ (J fM to co O O- IT\ fM -^ fM a CM v» > < 3 "is -- -^ UJ - Q f/i a. < ^c x « x « x x x x g £ o a -o a = UJ UJ y O O 3- O O c/» U ' O < fM UJ > — a 3: as < O (M U — _i 2 w _; ** c o ca 0> cm o ^r a - rvi r\j r^ ^r n o. L © M(VOmt-M>*»-ftJ(M<- ° "? — I— IU w a «i a> oooa-ooomruKirvi - C ii «— ci o w a. a o 3: — 3 X — > — — — a C — n — a — f> Pw n a CM o ^ *M R n =: m r*» -. f> *- fO fM CM CM CM 1 -, "3 ~ II a II cc n- '1 a. H n T r<» c n ^ N m ^O »- ^- a ea 3 cm in a ca «n a n r> o " _ a Q. n m O I r. i c> '1 01 fM O fM •— fM fM «— n o a 1 a ii < 'i in n ea l E> 'i n Z =: ^ O CM *} -f *0 t> UJ o N C S rg >j n BB UJ m m an h* K1 ro N- n < u h- a = < n > — n fl =: -2 ii EC UJ 1 > CA 3 «- Q. o o o « o a o o o a g 2 S f\l Kl i— i— a "- O O 3 xxxxxxxx XXX o s. - H. -O a = o o= o » X Ul u —O .; - — n d > < Q. i O a: _. c 3 — o fM o o to in P-* CM CO O 3tfl <>- in in fM fM O ul z =: ^* -r a m o -,- > K1 O Z — CM fM r a - 3 - - - T> • - c u • c a- r c O - - L. - o o a I — o t- g *j 71 > x g T o « - V o o o ~ 9 s X ul 3 3 - 47 - < > •> > . > 00 003 t- oo 00 CO 00 003 73 3 S| c 73 H oo c oo o CU J 00 * C > 03 73 £ oo .9 o OO 3 4—* On O (U ^H Wate Agency Contact Community Canton Canton Public Works Dep't. Mr. Joseph Campo Water Superintendent 1492 Washington St. Canton, MA 02021 (617) 828-3551 Dedham Dedham-Westwood Mr. Robert Eiben, Manager Water District Dedham-Westwood W.D. P.O. Box 9137 Dedham, MA 02026 (617) 329-7090 Dover Dover Water Department Mr. Josef Fryer Town Hall Dover, MA 02030 (508) 785-0463 Dover Water Works, Inc. Mr. William Lee 5 Picardy Lane Dover, MA 02030 Meadowbrook Water Trust Mr. J. Chapman (508)785-1396 Dover Water Company 85 Walpole St. Dover, MA 02030 (508) 785-0052 Octagon Realty Trust 7 Comisky Rd. Dover, MA 02030 (508) 785-1505 Glen Ridge Residents Trust Mr. O.F. Pyle Box 304 Dover, MA 02030 49 Community Agency Contact Dover (cont.) McNamara Water Ms. E. Sullivan 5 Old Farm Rd. Dover, MA 02030 (508) 785-0600 Bedell Water Mr. Laurence Bedell (508) 785-9834 Springdale Farms Water Mr. David G. Hills Supply Trust 4 Walpole St. P.O. Box 627 Dover, MA 02030 (508) 785-2323 Foxborough Foxborough Water Dep't. Mr. Warren A. McKay, Superintendent 40 South St. Foxborough, MA 02035 (508) 543-2622 Medfield Medfield Water and Mr. Kenneth Feeney, Sup't. Sewer Department Town Hall Water & Sewer Dep't. 459 Main St. Medfield, MA 02052 (508) 359-8505 Milton Milton Public Works Dept. Mr. Lawrence DeCelle, Jr. Public Works Director Branch Lane, Ass't Dir. Milton, MA 02186 (617) 698-0100 Norwood Norwood Public Works Dept. Mr. Joe Welch, Sup't. Norwood DPW Contact: Bernie Cooper Ass't Town General Manager 566 Washington St. Norwood, MA 02062-0040 (617) 762-1240 50 Community Agency Contact Sharon Sharon Public Works Dep't. Mr. John Sulik, Engineer 217 R South Main St. Sharon, MA 02067 (617) 784-5961 Stoughton Stoughton Public Works Dept Mr. James Williams 950 Central St. Stoughton, MA 02072 (617)344-2112 Walpole Walpole Water Department Mr. Richard Mattson, Sup't. Water Department School Street Town Hall Walpole, MA 02081 (508)668-5400x310 Westwood See Dedham-Westwood Water District 51 APPENDIX 2 General Water Demand Projection Methodology This appendix describes the nineteen steps used to project water demand for the period 1995-2020. The purpose for each step in the water demand projection methodology, source of information, and formula, if applicable, are described in this appendix. The water demands projected by this methodology are accurate provided that the assumptions underlying the various steps remain valid. For example, the methodology uses population projections prepared by Massachusetts regional planning agencies and the Massachusetts Institute for Social and Economic Research (MISER). If actual population growth is substantially different from these projections, the actual water use will differ from the projected water demand. The assumptions built into this methodology are based on analyses of future trends developed from literature, government and consultants' reports, and a review of recent water demand fluctuations and conservation efforts in Massachusetts. The nineteen steps are as follows: 1. Communities Included In The River Basin 2. 1986 Federal Census Population Estimates 3. 1987 Percent Service Population 4. 1987 Seasonal Population 5. 1987 Out-Of-Town Population 6. 1987 Base Service Population 7. 1985-1987 Base Average Day Demand (ADD) 8. 1985-1987 Gallons Per Capita Per Day (GPCD) 9. 2020 Population Projections 10. 2020 Minimum Service Population 11. 2020 Base Average Day Demand 12. 2020 Increase In Percent Service Population 13. 2020 Adjusted Service Population 14. 2020 Gallons Per Capita Per Day 15. Significant Changes Anticipated In Water Use 16. Adjusted 2020 ADD 17. 1985-1987 Base MDD to ADD ratio 1 8. 1985- 1987 Maximum Day Demand (MDD) 19. 2020 maximum day demand Application of the Water Demand Methodology to the Neponset River Basin Step 1 : Communities Included in River Basin A community is included in the river basin study if it is located mosdy within the basin or if it has public water supply sources located in the basin. Therefore, communities that are not geographically located within the boundaries of the river basin may be included in the river basin study. Boston, Quincy, and Randolph were excluded from this study since they do not have sources located in the basin, nor do they have more than 50 percent of their land area in the basin. Step 2: 1986 Federal Census Population Estimates The 1986 federal census population figures, obtained from the U.S. Bureau of the Census were used as the most recent estimates of population. The estimates were prepared 52 using procedures that rely on measuring components of population change. They utilize statistics on births and deaths by residence to estimate natural increase, federal income tax returns to estimate net internal migration, and reported immigration statistics to estimate net migration. In two towns, Norwood and Westwood, the 1986 town census estimate was used because they correlated better with the 1980 federal census and the 1990-2010 MAPC population projections which were used for most communities in the basin. Step 3: 1987 Percent Service Population This figure represents the percentage of the community's population that was served by a central water supply system in 1987. A 90 percent service population means that 90 percent of the community is connected to a central supply system, and the other 10 percent is self- supplied (relying entirely on individual private wells) or is being supplied by connections with other water systems. This figure was obtained from the updated Municipal Water Resources Management Plan - Phase II questionnaire and confirmed by DWR personnel in interviews with water superintendents. Step 4: 1987 Seasonal Population Some basin communities have seasonal populations. In order to calculate an accurate annual average gallons per capita per day (GPCD) and future water demand, it is necessary to estimate an adjusted service population which reflects the increased seasonal population. Local water superintendents or community planning boards usually can estimate the peak seasonal population but have little hard data with which to estimate the distribution of the seasonal population. Gordian Associates (1979) in their analysis of Regional Solid Waste Alternatives for Martha's Vineyard found that the relationship between the winter and summer populations can be represented by a bell-shaped curve with the July population being the highest point on the curve. The August population is approximately 75 percent of the July peak, and the September and June populations are 25 percent of the peak July population. From October to May the population remains constant at the year-round figure. Gordian Associates developed a formula which approximates this relationship and, in simple terms, states that every 100 seasonal residents is equivalent to 18.75 persons using water service on a year-round basis. Peak seasonal population estimates were obtained from the Municipal Water Resources Management Plan - Phase II questionnaire and updated and verified by the water superintendent. This figure was multiplied by 0.1875 to obtain the seasonal population factor. Step 5: 1987 Out of Town Population Out-of-town population is defined as any population outside of a community that is served by the community's central water supply system. In these cases, care was taken to subtract this population from the service population of their resident communities to avoid double counting. For planning purposes, it is assumed that the out-of-town population of the basin will remain constant throughout the planning period, unless other specific information is available. 53 Step 6: 1987 Service Population The population figures obtained in Steps Three, Four, and Five were added to obtain the 1987 Base Service Population. Step 7: 1985-1987 Base Average Dav Demand (ADD) The 1985-1987 Base ADD was obtained by averaging the water supply systems' 1985, 1986, and 1987 water consumption. Net water consumption is the water pumped from the system's own sources plus water purchased from other systems minus water sold to other systems. Net water consumption figures were obtained from the Division of Water Supply (DEQE) "Water Supply Statistics" forms. These forms, which report the total amount of water pumped by the system for the previous calendar year, are submitted to DEQE by each water supply agency in January. ADD, in millions of gallons per day (mgd), represents the total average daily water consumption. This includes domestic, commercial, institutional, industrial, agricultural, and municipal uses, as well as unaccounted-for water use. Unaccounted-for water includes unmetered water, leakage, fire hydrant use, street washing, and distribution system flushing. Step 8: 1985-1987 Base GPCD Gallons per capita per day (GPCD) for a community was obtained by dividing the Base ADD figure obtained in Step Six by the 1987 Base Service Population obtained in Step Six. Step 9: 2020 Population Projections Population projections were obtained from the MAPC, the regional planning agency covering the basin. The RPA projections are based on the federal census figures, analyzed in five-year increments through 2010. Population projections for the year 2020 were derived by extending the projected growth rate between 2000, 2005, and 2010 through to 2020. The MAPC publication, Interim Population Forecast 1980-2010 . January 1982, explains the agency's projection methodology and contains detailed explanatory charts and tables. Projections for the Town of Stoughton were prepared by the MISER for the years 1990 and 1995. The MAPC projections were not used for this town because they are considerably higher than the federal, state, and local population estimates. Projections for the year 2020 for Stoughton were derived by taking the projected growth rate between 1990 and 1995 and extending that projected rate of change for the period between 1995 and 2020. Step 10: 2020 Minimum Service Population This figure reflects the service population that would occur in 2020 assuming no growth in the area served and no increase in the seasonal population. This figure was obtained by multiplying the 1987 percent service population by the 2020 population projection and adding seasonal and out-of-town customers. Step 1 1 : 2020 Base Average Dav Demand The 2020 base average day demand is the estimated minimum average day demand needed by the community's central water supply system. This figure assumes no change in gallons per capita use except for the projected community population growth or decline and was obtained by multiplying the 2020 minimum service population by the base GPCD. 54 Step 12: 2020 Increase in Percent Service Population It is assumed that in communities where the service population is less than 100 percent of its census population, the percent of people served will increase during the planning period. The estimates of service area growth were developed from discussions with local water supply system managers and from historical experience with service area development in response to, or in anticipation of, population growth within a community. For planning purposes, it is assumed that: --Those communities with a 100 percent service population in 1987 will remain at 100 percent throughout the planning period. -Those communities with a 1987 service population of 90 percent or more will increase 5 percent per decade with all communities reaching 100 percent by 2010. It is assumed that the 1987 service population will remain the same until 1990. --Those communities with a service population of less than 90 percent are adjusted individually, based on estimates of service area growth to 1990, as reported by the water system managers, and then increased by 10 percent per decade until 2020. In some cases, percent increase was adjusted at a different rate, as suggested by interviews with water superintendents and other local sources. The special cases of Walpole and Stoughton's service area projections are discussed in the Projected Service Area Expansion section of the report. Step 13: 2020 Preliminary Adjusted Service Population This figure represents the estimated service population if the anticipated service area increase occurs. The figure is obtained by multiplying the 2020 percent service population by the 2020 population projection and adding the 1987 seasonal population factor and any out-of-town customers. Step 14: 2020 GPCD It is assumed that GPCD will remain fairly constant until 1990. After this time, savings realized from conservation will peak, and GPCD will begin to rise slightly. Also, as residential growth and commercial and industrial expansion rise in the future, GPCD will increase. This assumes minimum water conservation. These two factors will cause GPCD to rise incrementally from the year 1990 to 2020, resulting in an increase of as much as 15 percent (5 percent per decade) by 2020 for each community. Therefore, the 2020 GPCD figure is obtained by multiplying the 1985-1987 GPCD by 1.15 (15 percent). This assumption produces conservative figures for water demands. In Volume IE of the basin plan, individual community activities in water conservation will be considered, permitting a more refined demand projection to be calculated. Step 15: Significant Changes Anticipated in Water Use This figure is a one-time adjustment to the estimated 2020 water demand from extraordinary changes to a community's water needs. Examples of this are the construction of a soft drink bottling factory or a fish processing plant, or the permanent closing of an industry with major water use. 55 Step 16: Adjusted 2020 ADD This figure is the base 2020 average day demand adjusted to reflect the increased water demand resulting from service area expansion, local refinements to population projections, and an increase of the GPCD by 15 percent from 1990 to 2020. It is obtained by multiplying the 2020 GPCD by the 2020 adjusted service population. Step 17: 1985-1987 Base MDD to ADD Ratio The maximum day demand (MDD) for each year (1985-1987) was divided by the ADD for that year to obtain a MDD/ADD ratio. These three ratios were averaged to obtain a base MDD/ADD ratio. The MDD for each water supply agency was reported on the DEQE "Water Supply Statistics" forms for 1985, 1986, and 1987. MDD represents an actual maximum amount of water used by the water system for one day in a given year. Step 18: 1985-1987 Base Maximum Day Demand The 1985-1987 maximum day demand (MDD) was obtained by multiplying the 1985-1987 MDD to ADD ratio derived in Step 17 by the 1985-1987 Base ADD. Step 19: 2020 Maximum Day Demand This figure is obtained by multiplying the adjusted 2020 ADD by the base MDD/ADD ratio. 56 APPENDIX 3A Process Used to Identify and Locate Massachusetts Public Water Supply Sources This appendix is compiled from data obtained from the local public water systems during the inventory and analysis stage of the planning process. It should be read in conjunction with Appendix 3B, a map of the water supply sources, and 3C, a table listing water supply sites and locations. The following information is provided to clarify the data on the map and table. The base map was prepared for the Massachusetts Water Resources Study by the Soil Conservation Service (USDA) in cooperation with the Massachusetts Water Resources Commission in 1971. The base map was updated to show new river basin boundaries that were prepared by the United States Geologic Survey (USGS) in 1983. The water supply source identifying symbols on the map show the approximate location of the sources. Where several sources are in close proximity, the symbols are grouped on the map. For example, the symbol BE 5-6 would indicate that two wells belonging to the Bellingham Water Department in Bellingham are located close together near the symbol on the map. Water Supply Agency : The water supply agency which operates the source. Name of Source : Lists the individual water source(s) located in the community. 1987 Status of Source : Indicates whether the source was utilized every month of the year, seasonally (i.e. January - March), or not used the whole year due to contamination or its status as an emergency source. Basin Location of Source : This column shows the river basin in which the water supply source is physically located. Community Location of Source : This column shows the city or town in which the water supply source is physically located. Pumping Capacity of Source : The pumping capacity in mgd is listed for the sources as reported by local water agencies based on written correspondence and telephone conversations. Pumping capacity of a source is the maximum amount of water in mgd that can be pumped into the distribution system and/or from river to reservoir or reservoir to reservoir for each source. 1987 Average Dav Demand of Source : This number is the total water pumped from a source, in calendar year 1987, divided by 365 days. If a specific source is not pumped directly to a community's distribution system, as in the case of river water or a reservoir being pumped to another reservoir, its average day demand is not included in the column. Only sources that are pumped directly to the distribution system are included in the column so that the aggregate demand of each source will equal the total 1987 average day demand for the water supply agency. DEOE No .: The DEQE number identifies the water source according to a system designed by the Department of Environmental Quality Engineering. The numbers convey, in a standard sequence, the town in which the supply source is located (not necessarily the town it serves), the site number, and a letter identifying the status of the water supply. 57 - Longitude and Latitude of Source : The longitude and latitude numbers are usually given for each individual source, except when two or more sources are in very close proximity. Using these numbers, sources can be located on the USGS 7 1/2 minute series topographic maps of the state. DWR Map Symbol of Source : Identifies the water supply agency on the accompanying map. For example: "C-1" indicates the following: C: The town (Canton) served by the water supply agency that owns the source in question. 1 : The number assigned to each individual source, either a well, wellfield or reservoir. - 58 - NEPONSET RIVER BASIN STUDY AREA Water Supply Sources )&rch /AVCV 3.4 Y oyiNov fir, UTON_\i > Da-2 D«-3 (00D BRAINTREE f MEHFIELI f fW v / NORWOOD X ^tr^ifl j^i /^^ c--i "^\^\ 7v^- V ->.RAi\lC*OdPIM MF^t »'VtA ._S C CAN \" r1 Cn?a l ST-4^^I0UGHJJ^U V0N^ .** iJ Mlis a- \ XB si&*s?° Ground Water Source N Water Supply Agency Symbols Appendix 3B C Canton Water Department DW Dedham/Westwood Water Dist. Da Dover Water Company River Basin Boundary Db Dover Water Department Dc Dover Water Works Dd Meadowbrook Water Trust De McNamara Water Works Df Octagon Realty Trust Dg Bedell Water Trust Dh Springdale Farms Trust F Foxborough Water Dep't. MF Medfield Water Department <&^ SH Sharon D.P.W. ST Stoughton D.P.W. 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(0 o >- CO o 3C/j 4-> cu CO u 4-> i_ CO 3 TJ O 0) r- CO c/> co o o v*- u c o 4-* a CD in LU o cu c % 3 u • •— CI) C_ _C — F 3 (/) _ CD O CO CI) z 00 3 3 o o u CU 4-» 4-» O. an. 3(0 QCU j a) a CO CU C_ 3 z >^ CU C C_ (> o I • — LU •W a. cu —j 00 c a. CO CD CO o < 3 < 3 oa u 67 APPENDIX 4 Self-Supplied Water Use A. Self-Supplied Residential Water Use On-site self-supplied residential wells account for a small portion of the domestic water supply needs of the people living in the Neponset River basin. Some portions of six communities are self-supplied The population data used to calculate the self-supplied population and water use is from 1986. In 1986, 2.6 percent of the people (5,281) living in the basin communities obtained their water supply from on-site residential wells. The 1986 estimated average day demand from these wells was approximately 0.42 mgd. Assuming that self-supplied users are evenly distributed throughout a community, the estimated self-supplied demand for the Neponset basin was 0.12 mgd, or less than one percent of the average day demand of the public water supply systems in the basin in 1986 (see table below). Neponset River Basin Self-Supplied Residential Water Use (1986) (MGD) 1986 Water Use at Percent of Town Est. Self-Supplied Self-Supplied 79 Gallons per Area within the water use from wells Communitv Population Capita Dav Neponset Basin the Neponset Basin Dover 3,526 0.28 15 0.04 Medfield 106 0.01 23 <0.01 Sharon 293 0.02 66 0.02 Stoughton 631 0.05 49 0.02 Walpole 394 0.03 90 0.03 Westwood 331 0.02 33 0.01 TOTAL: 5,281 0.42 mgd 0.12 mgd Source of Data DWR's methodology used to estimate the amount of water used for domestic purposes by residents with individual on-site wells within the hydrologic boundaries of the Neponset River basin is described below. Step 1 : Estimate the number of self-supplied residents within the basin communities In the 1987 Water Resources Management Plan - Phase II questionnaire, each water supply agency manager reported the agency's service population as a portion of the town's total population. For this report, however, the number of self- supplied residents was estimated by subtracting the 1987 service population from the 1986 census figures. For example, 98 percent of the population of Walpole (19,326 out of 19,720) is served by the Walpole Water Department. The remaining 2 percent (394) are considered self-supplied. The Phase II questionnaire was updated by telephone calls to the water superintendents. 68 - Step 2: Determine self-supplied water use The 1986 self- supplied residential water use was estimated by multiplying the community's self-supplied population by 79 gallons per capita day (GPCD). The GPCD factor was taken from the "Estimated Use of Water in the U.S. in 1980" prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey. The 79 GPCD figure was used to estimate rural self-supplied use and was verified for Massachusetts in a study of water supply systems in the Parker River basin, an essentially rural area. The 1985 U.S.G.S. study of water use found a similar GPCD for the New England self-supplied population. Step 3: Determine amount of self- supplied residential water withdrawn from the Neponset basin. For those communities whose land area lies entirely within the Neponset River basin boundaries, it can be assumed that all self-supplied water is withdrawn from the basin. However, this assumption does not hold for communities lying partially in the basin. In these instances, the water withdrawn from the basin was calculated based on the percentage of the land area of the town that lies within the Neponset basin. For example, the Town of Sharon lies within two river basins: the Neponset and the Taunton. Of the town's total 24.28 square miles, 66 percent or 16.02 square miles lies within the Neponset basin. Therefore, Sharon's self-supplied residential water withdrawn from the Neponset basin can be calculated by multiplying the percent of the town in the basin (66%) by the total self-supplied residential water use. (0.66 X 0.02 mgd = 0.015 mgd from the Neponset basin) B . Self-Supplied Non Residential Water Use On-site self-supplied institutional wells account for a significant portion of the water supply needs of the people living and/or working in the Neponset River basin. The 1987 estimated average day demand from on-site institutional wells was approximately 7.68 mgd, or 30 percent of the average day demand of the public water supply systems in the Basin in 1987. 69 - APPENDIX 5 Massachusetts Water Management Act The Massachusetts Water Management Act (WMA) (MGL Ch 21G) and regulations (310 CMR 36.00) became effective in March, 1986. The act calls for comprehensive management of the Commonwealth's surface and ground water resources, by river basin, in order to ensure an adequate supply of water for all citizens now and in the future. The Act authorizes the Department of Environmental Quality Engineering (DEQE) to regulate and monitor significant water withdrawals from Massachusetts ground and surface water supplies and gives DEQE greater authority to manage water supply emergencies. Implementation of the act is taking place in two phases: registration of the volumes of withdrawals from existing sources and permitting of the volume of water withdrawals from new sources. Registered volumes refer to the average amount of water withdrawn from a community's sources between 1981 and 1985. All those who withdrew more than an average of 100,000 gallons per day during the 1981-1985 period were required to register those withdrawals by January 4, 1988. Permitted volumes reflect withdrawals from new sources over 100,000 gallons per day or withdrawals from registered sources above the volumes previously registered. Permits will be issued for periods from 5 years to 20 years with most being for a 20-year period. Permitting and registration are being carried out by river basin (see schedule on following page). Public water suppliers with sources in more than one basin will register their sources in those basins and will apply for permits as the basins come up for permitting. After all the permit applications have been submitted for a basin, applications for additional withdrawals can be filled in subsequent years on the riling date for that basin. The current and projected water demands for each community shown in this report may differ from the volumes registered and the volume permitted for each community. The Division of Water Resources' demand figure for each community is the amount of water actually used by the community, derived from the water supply data available for the last eight years. This figure may include water purchased from other communities and does not include water withdrawals sold to other communities. Historical water use data shown in this report in Table 3 (page 12) shows the basin water use by community for the 1980-1987 period. 70 - , , , Appendix 5 Water Management Act Permit Application Schedule Water Effective Completed Subsequent Subsequent Source Date and Applications Filings Completed First Applications Appl ica tion Form filing Hudson River August 31, February 28, August 31 February 28 Basin 1988 1989 each year each year Blacks tone , Charles February 28, August 31, February28, August 31 Basins 1989 1989 each year each year Ipswich, North Coastal August 31, February 28, August 31, February 28 Basins 1989 1990 each year each year Boston Harbor , Taunton February 28, August 31, February 28, August 31 Basins 1990 1990 each year each year South Coastal , Cape Cod August 31, February 28, August 31, February 28 Basins 1990 1991 each year each year Islands , Buzzards February 28, August 31. February 28 August 31 Bay Basins 1991 1991 each year each year Concord Ten Mile August 31, February 28. August 31 February 28 Basins 1991 1992 each year each year Deerf ield , Housatonic February 28, August 31. February 28, August 31 Basins 1992 1992 each year each year Farmington, Westfield August 31, February 28, August 31, February 28 Basins 1992 1993 each year each' year Mi Hers Connecticut February 28, August 31. February 28, August 31 Basins 1993 1993 each year each year Quinebaug, Chicopee August 31, February 28, August 31, February 28 Basins 1993 1994 each year each year Nashua French February 28, August 31, February 28, August 31 Basins 1994 1994 each year each year Shawsheen, Merrimack August 31, February 28, August 31. February 28 Basins 1994 1995 each year each year Parker , Narragansett February 28, August 31, February 28, August 31 Basins 1995 1995 each year each year - 71 - APPENDIX 6 Community Public Water Supply Facts and Maps Community PAGE Canton 73 Dedham 77 Dover 81 Foxborough 86 Medfield 90 Milton* 94 Norwood* 97 Sharon 100 Stoughton 104 Walpole 108 Westwood** 112 * Fully- supplied by the MWRA (map not included) ** See Dedham for map of Dedham-Westwood water supply sources 72 - DIVISION OF WATER RESOURCES WATER SUPPLY FACTS - SUMMARY COMMUNITY Canton WATER SUPPLY AGENCY Canton Water Dept. Population 1970 1980 1986 1990 1995 2000 2010 2020 (U.S. Census) Census -(Projected) Estimate m (2) (2) C?J_ CU_ Ql_ 17,100 18,182 18,340 18,200 18,200 18,200 18,200 18,200 (1) 1986 Census Estimate prepared by U.S. Bureau of Census (2) Prepared by the Metropolitan Area Planning Council (3) DWR's extension of MAPC 2010 Projections Population Density 1986 Area of Census Community 1986 Population Density Estimate fin square miles) (persons per square mile) 18,340 19.54 939 Population On Public Supply Population With On-site Wells Number Percent Number Percent 18,340 100% Current Public Water Supply Use: Average Day Demand (millions gallons per day) 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 3.02 2.97 2.90 3.30 3.23 3.38 3.23 3.43 Maximum Day Demand (millions of gallons per day) 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 3.55 3.90 4.15 3.99 3.70 5.00 4.00 5.27 Monthly Average Day Demand 1987 ADD 3.43 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 3.36 3.20 3.47 3.15 3.44 4.60 4.23 3.78 2.60 2.45 3.21 3.33 73 - DIVISION OF WATER RESOURCES WATER SUPPLY FACTS - SUMMARY COMMUNITY Canton WATER SUPPLY AGENCY Canton Water Dept. Proiected Water Demand: Usina DWR's standard water demand methodology, the future water demand is as follows: Average Day Demand (mgd) 1985-87 Base ADD 1995 2000 2010 2020 3.35 3.41 3.49 3.66 3.82 Maximum Day Demand (mgd) 1985-87 Base MDD 1995 2000 2010 2020 4.76 4.84 4.96 5.19 5.43 Sources of Public Water Supply: Pumping Name of Basin Capacity 1987 ADD DWR 1Map Source Location (MGD) of Source (MGD) Symb ol Notes Well #3 Neponset 1.00 0.00 C-3 Off-line, near con- taminated g. water Well #4 Neponset 1.00 0.79 C-l Used all year Well #5 Neponset 0.50 0.38 C-2 Used all year Well #6 Neponset 0.30 0.00 C-4 Electri- cal prob- lems MWRA Chicopee/ 2.24 Nashua Town of Chicopee/ 0.02 Milton Nashua Total 1987 ADD: 3.43 mgd 74 DIVISION OF WATER RESOURCES WATER SUPPLY FACTS - SUMMARY COMMUNITY Canton WATER SUPPLY AGENCY Canton Water Dept. River Basin Acreage Distribution : Total Acreage Neponset: 12,215 (98%) 12,506 acres Weymouth & Weir: 291 (2%) (19.54 sq.mi.) TOTAL: 1987 ADD on River Basin Neponset Basin: 1.17 mgd MWRA: 2.2 6 mgd 1987 Wastewater Discharge River Basin Neponset Ocean Volume Discharged 1.13 mgd by On-Site Septic System Volume Discharged 2.30 mgd by Municipal Sewer System 75 Boston Norwood • Weymouth \ & Weir Basin Sharon Randolph SCALE 1/2 2 MILES LEGEND Town Boundary Basin Boundary Ground Water Source Town of Canton. Active Wp.ter Supply Sources. 1987. - 76 - DIVISION OF WATER RESOURCES WATER SUPPLY FACTS - SUMMARY COMMUNITY Dedham WATER SUPPLY AGENCY Dedham-Westwood Water District Population 1970 1980 1986 1990 1995 2000 2010 2020 (U.S. Census) Census (Projected) Estimate 0U m (XL- Ul_ Uj_ C2JL_ 26,955 25,298 23,810 24,300 24,300 24,300 24,300 24,300 (1) 1986 Census Estimate prepared by U.S. Bureau of Census (2) Prepared by the Metropolitan Area Planning Council (3) DWR's extension of MAPC 2010 Projections Population Density 1986 Area of Census Community 1986 Population Density Estimate (in square miles) (persons per square mile) 23,810 10.68 2,229 Population On Public Supply Population With On-site Wells Number Percent Number Percent 23,810 100% Current Public Water Supply Use: Average Day Demand (millions gallons per day) 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 2.50 2.50 2.42 2.52 2.53 2.52 2.64 2.85 Maximum Day Demand (millions of gallons per day) 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 3.70 3.71 3.80 3.98 3.84 3.44 4.27 4.75 Monthly Average Day Demand 1987 ADD 2.85 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 2.45 2.51 2.51 2.60 3.07 3.37 3.67 3.19 2.73 2.70 2.59 2.63 - 77 DIVISION OF WATER RESOURCES WATER SUPPLY FACTS - SUMMARY COMMUNITY Dedham WATER SUPPLY AGENCY Dedham-Westwood Water District Projected Water Demand: Using DWR's standard water demand methodology, the future water demand is as follows: Average Day Demand (mgd) 1985-87 Base ADD 1995 2000 2010 2020 2.67 2.79 2.86 3.00 3.13 Maximum Day Demand (mgd) 1985-87 Base MDD 1995 2000 2010 2020 4.15 4.33 4.44 4.65 4.86 Sources of Public Water Supply: Pumping 1987 ADD Name of Basin Capacity of Source DWR Map Source Location (MGD) (MGD) Symbol Notes White Lodge Neponset 1.51 0.43 DW-4 Well #1 White Lodge Neponset 1.51 0.37 DW-3 Well #2 White Lodge Neponset 1.30 2.29* DW-5 ^combined Well #3 with #4 White Lodge Neponset 1.51 DW-6 *combined Well #4 with #3 Bridge St, Charles 3.24 0.77 DW-1 Wellfield Rock Meadow Charles 1.00 0.40 DW-2 Well #11 MWRA Chicopee/ 0.003 Nashua TOTAL: 1987 ADD 4.26 mgd (Dedham-Westwood combined) 2.84 mgd (Dedham only) - 78 DIVISION OF WATER RESOURCES WATER SUPPLY FACTS - SUMMARY COMMUNITY Dedham WATER SUPPLY AGENCY Dedham-Westwood Water District River Basin Acreage Distribution : Total Acreage Neponset: 1,843 (27%) 6,833 acres Charles: 4,990 (73%) (10.68 sq.mi.) TOTAL : 1987 ADD on River Basin Neponset Basin: 3.09 mgd (Dedham-Westwood combined) 2.06 mgd (Dedham only) Charles Basin: 1.17 mgd (Dedham-Westwood combined) 0.78 mgd (Dedham only) 1987 Wastewater Discharge River Basin Ocean Volume Discharged by On-Site Septic System Volume Discharged 2.84 mgd by Municipal Sewer System - 79 MUton / / Canton t / « Buckmastcr J Pond Walpoio \ SCALE 1/2 2 MILES LEGEND Town Boundary Basin Boundary Ground Water Source Sources. 1987 Towns of Dedham and Westwood. Active Water Supply - 80 DIVISION OF WATER RESOURCES WATER SUPPLY FACTS - SUMMARY COMMUNITY Dover WATER SUPPLY AGENCY 9 agencies (see next page) Population 1970 1980 1986 1990 1995 2000 2010 2020 (U.S. Census) Census (Projected) Estimate m C2J_ UJ_ C2J_ C2_l_ C2i_ 4,529 4,703 4,830 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 (1) 1986 Census Estimate prepared by U.S. Bureau of Census (2) DWR's extension of 1986 Census Estimate based on information provided by Town officials. Population Density 1986 Area of Census Community 1986 Population Density Estimate (in square miles) (persons per square mile) 4,830 15.46 312 Population On Public Supply Population With On-Site Wells Number Percent Number Percent 1,304 27% 3,526 73 Current Public Water Supply Use: Average Day Demand (millions gallons per day) 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.10 0.13 Maximum Day Demand (millions of gallons per day) 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.15 Monthly Average Day Demand 1987 ADD 0.13 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec NOT AVAILABLE 81 DIVISION OF WATER RESOURCES WATER SUPPLY FACTS - SUMMARY COMMUNITY Dover WATER SUPPLY AGENCY see below Projected Water Demand: Using DWR's standard water demand methodology, the future water demand is as follows: Average Day Demand (mgd) 1985-87 Base ADD 1995 2000 2010 2020 0.11 0.14 0.16 0.22 0.28 Maximum Day Demand (mgd) 1985-87 Base MDD 1995 2000 2010 2020 0.14 0.18 0.22 0.29 0.36 Sources of Public Water Supply: Pumping 1987 ADD Name of Basin Capacity of Source DWR Map Source Location (mgd) (mad) Symbol Notes DOVER WATER COMPANY Walpole St. Neponset 0.08 0.058 Da-3 Well Chickering Dr. Charles 0.02 0.004 Da-1 Well Knollwood Dr. Charles 0.02 0.009 Da-2 Well DOVER WATER DEPARTMENT Church St. Charles 0.06 0.016 Db-1 Wellfield DOVER WATER WORKS Abbe Road Well Charles 0.01 0.001 Dc-1 MEADOWBROOK TRUST Wellfield Charles 0.02 0.01 Dd-1 McNAMARA WATER TRUST Wellfield Charles 0.02 0.002 De-1 CONTINUED NEXT PAGE - 82 DOVER WATER SUPPLIERS, CONTINUED Pumping 1987 ADD Name of Basin Capacity of Source DWR Map Source Location (mqd) (mqd) Symbol Notes OCTAGON REALTY TRUST Comisky St. Well Charles 0.01 0.002 Df-1 BEDELL WATER TRUST Whiting Road Charles 0.01 0.002 Dg-1 Well GLEN RIDGE WATER SYSTEM Natick Water Charles 0.02 0.15 Dept. SPRINGDALE FARMS WATER SUPPLY TRUST Old Colony Dr. Charles 0.01 0.009 Dh-1 Well TOTAL : 1987 ADD 0.13 mgd - 83 DIVISION OF WATER RESOURCES WATER SUPPLY FACTS - SUMMARY COMMUNITY Dover WATER SUPPLY AGENCY see previous page River Basin Acreage Distribution : Total Acreage Neponset: 1,495 (15%) 9,897 acres Charles: 8,402 (85%) (15.46 sq.mi.) TOTAL: 1987 ADD on River Basin Neponset basin: 0.06 mgd Charles basin: 0.07 mgd 1987 Wastewater Discharge River Basin Neponset Charles Volume Discharged 0.02 mgd 0.11 mgd by On-Site Septic System Volume Discharged by Municipal Sewer System - 84 C* ««e* */«, Needham Natick V«*o] °?* Rd. Da-1 / \ 1 ^ s*« A\v»< O*' Dh-1 DOVER / ) X DM kDb-1 7 Dg-lN Dc-1 v % . <* «< Da-2( / Sherborn t Westwood V y •* s .-*• Charles Basin "lf\Da-3 ^ / Neponiel 1 * Basin 1 .' Medfleld A •' i \ / """"^ N / ^ SCALE 1/2 2 MILES LEGEND «-» — Town Boundary •• Basin Boundary ^ Ground Water Source Town of Dover. Public Water Supply Sources. 1987 85 - DIVISION OF WATER RESOURCES WATER SUPPLY FACTS - SUMMARY COMMUNITY Foxborough WATER SUPPLY AGENCY Foxborough Water Dept. Population 1970 1980 1986 1990 1995 2000 2010 2020 (U.S. Census) Census (Projected) Estimate UJ i2} (2X_ UI_ UJ_ U)_ 14,218 14,148 14,550 14,540 15,990 16,340 17,040 17,740 (1) 1986 Census Estimate prepared by U.S. Bureau of Census (2) Prepared by the Metropolitan Area Planning Council (3) DWR's extension of MAPC 2010 Projections Population Density 1986 Area of Census Community 1986 Population Density Estimate (in square miles) (persons per square mile) 14,550 20.92 696 Population On Public Supply Population With On-site Wells Number Percent Number Percent 14,550 100% 0% Current Public Water Supply Use: Average Day Demand (millions gallons per day) 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 2.36 2.12 2.09 2.27 2.29 2o46 2.56 2.47 Maximum Day Demand (millions of gallons per day) 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 3.51 3.14 3.36 3.70 3.79 3.51 3.78 3.7C Monthly Average Day Demand 1987 ADD 2.47 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dbc 2.19 2.20 2.21 2.13 2.50 3.00 3.07 3.07 2.50 2.43 2.36 1.96 86 - DIVISION OF WATER RESOURCES WATER SUPPLY FACTS - SUMMARY COMMUNITY Foxborough WATER SUPPLY AGENCY Foxborough Water Dept. Projected Water Demand: Using DWR's standard water demand methodology, the future water demand is as follows: Average Day Demand (mgd) 1985-87 Base ADD 1995 2000 2010 2020 2.50 2.82 2.95 3.22 3.50 Maximum Day Demand (mgd) 1985-87 Base MDD 1995 2000 2010 2020 3.66 4.14 4.33 4.73 5.15 Sources of Publ ic Water Supply: Pumping 1987 ADD Name of Basin Capacity of Source DWR Map Source Location (mad) (mad) Symbol Notes Station #1 Neponset 1.00 0.73 FB--5 Station #2 Taunton 1.73 0.43 FB--4 Station #3 Taunton 1.15 0.39 FB--2 Station #3a Taunton 0.72 0.67 FB--1 Station #4 Taunton 0.47 0.25 FB-3 TOTAL: 1987 ADD 2.47 mgd - 87 DIVISION OF WATER RESOURCES WATER SUPPLY FACTS - SUMMARY COMMUNITY Foxborough WATER SUPPLY AGENCY Foxborough Water Dept. River Basin Acreage Distribution : Total Acreage Neponset: 2,853 (21%) 13,386 acres Taunton: 10,403 (78%) (20.92 sq. mi.) Ten Mile: 116 (<1%) Charles: 14 (<1%) TOTAL: 1987 ADD on River Basin Neponset basin: 0.73 mgd Taunton basin: 1.74 mgd 1987 Wastewater Discharge River Basin Neponset Taunton Volume Discharged 0.2 5 mgd 0.18 mgd by On-Site Septic System Volume Discharged 2 . 04 mgd by Municipal Sewer System - 88 n — FOXBOROUGH Plainville N U*' SCALE 1/2 2 MILES LEGEND Town Boundary Basin Boundary Ground Water Source Town of Foxborough. Active Water Supply Sources. 1987. 89 DIVISION OF WATER RESOURCES WATER SUPPLY FACTS - SUMMARY COMMUNITY Medfield WATER SUPPLY AGENCY Medfield Water Department Population 1970 1980 1986 1990 1995 2000 2010 2020 (U.S. Census) Census (Projected) Estimate CU U) C2J_ iZl_ Ul_ (_3J_ 9,821 10,220 10,610 11,200 12,000 12,200 12,300 12,400 (1) 1986 Census Estimate prepared by U.S. Bureau of Census (2) Prepared by the Metropolitan Area Planning Council (3) DWR's extension of MAPC 2010 Projections Population Density 1986 Area of Census Community 1986 Population Density Estimate (in square miles) (persons per square mile) 10,610 14.64 725 Population On Public Supply Population With On-Site Wells Number Percent Number Percent 10,504 99% 106 1 = Current Public Water Supply Use: Average Day Demand (millions gallons per day) 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 0.95 0.91 0.91 1.03 1.08 1.11 1.13 1.07 Maximum Day Demand (millions of gallons per day) 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1.98 2.26 2.25 2.79 2.03 2.03 2.25 2.62 Monthly Average Day Demand 1987 ADD 1.07 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 1.00 1.01 0.98 1.00 1.18 1.70 1.65 0.98 0.84 0.90 0.82 0.79 - 90 DIVISION OF WATER RESOURCES WATER SUPPLY FACTS - SUMMARY COMMUNITY Medfield WATER SUPPLY AGENCY Medfield Water Dept. Projected Water Demand: Using DWR's standard water demand methodology, the future water demand is as follows: Average Day Demand (mgd) 1985-87 Base ADD 1995 2000 2010 2020 1.10 1.28 1.34 1.42 1.49 Maximum Day Demand (mgd) 1985-87 Base MDD 1995 2000 2010 2020 2.30 2.67 2.80 2.96 3.12 Sources of Public Water Supply: Pumping 1987 ADD Name of Basin Capacity of Source DWR Map Source Location (mgd) (mgd) Symbol Notes Elm St. Well#3 Neponset 1.29 0.66 MF-3 Elm St. Well#4 Neponset 0.86 0.34 MF-4 Rte. 109 Charles 1.29 0.07 MF-1,2 Wells #1, #2 TOTAL : 1987 ADD 1.07 mgd 91 - ) DIVISION OF WATER RESOURCES WATER SUPPLY FACTS - SUMMARY COMMUNITY Medfield WATER SUPPLY AGENCY Medfield Water Dept. River Basin Acreage Distribution : Total Acreage Neponset: 2,183 (24%) 9,370 acres Charles: 7,187 (76%) (14 . 64 sq. mi. TOTAL: 1987 ADD on River Basin Neponset basin: 1.00 mgd Charles basin: 0.07 mgd 1987 Wastewater Discharge River Basin Neponset Charles Volume Discharged 0.25 mgd 0.47 mgd by On-Site Septic System Volume Discharged 0.3 5 mgd by Municipal Sewer System - 92 - Dover Sherborn Waipole N Norfolk SCALE 1/2 2 MILES LEGEND Town Boundary Basin Boundary Ground Water Source Town of Medfield. Active Water Supply Sources. 1987 - 93 - DIVISION OF WATER RESOURCES WATER SUPPLY FACTS - SUMMARY COMMUNITY Milton WATER SUPPLY AGENCY Milton Public Works Dept. Population 1970 1980 1986 1990 1995 2000 2010 2020 (U.S. Census) Census (Projected) Estimate UJ UJ C2J_ UL_ £2J_ Ql_ 21,190 25,860 25,500 25,800 25,900 25,900 25,900 25,900 (1) 1986 Census Estimate prepared by U.S. Bureau of Census (2) Prepared by the Metropolitan Area Planning Council (3) DWR's extension of MAPC 2010 Projections Population Density 1986 Area of Census Community 1986 Population Density Estimate (in square miles) (persons per square mile) 25,500 13.25 1,924 Population On Public Supply Population With On-site Wells Number Percent Number Percent 25,500 100% Current Public Water Supply Use: Average Day Demand (millions gallons per day) 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 2.93 3c05 2,65 2.86 2=83 2.80 3.20 3.51 Maximum Day Demand (millions of gallons per day) 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 3.42 3.45 2.96 4.02 3.56 3.68 3.59 4.88 Monthly Average Day Demand 1987 ADD 3.51 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 3.11 3.32 3.35 3.39 3.59 3.92 4.60 4.39 3.33 3.05 3.08 3.19 94 DIVISION OF WATER RESOURCES WATER SUPPLY FACTS - SUMMARY COMMUNITY Milton WATER SUPPLY AGENCY Milton Public Works Dept. Projected Water Demand: Using DWR's standard water demand methodology, the future water demand is as follows: Average Day Demand (mgd) 1985-87 Base ADD 1995 2000 2010 2020 3.17 3.30 3.38 3.54 3.70 Maximum Day Demand (mgd) 1985-87 Base MDD 1995 2000 2010 2020 4.05 4.19 4.29 4.50 4.70 Sources of Public Water Supply: Pumping 1987 ADD Name of Basin Capacity of Source DWR Map Source Location (mgd) (mgd) Symbol Notes MWRA Chicopee/ 3.51 Nashua TOTAL: 1987 ADD 3.51 mgd 95 - DIVISION OF WATER RESOURCES WATER SUPPLY FACTS - SUMMARY COMMUNITY Milton WATER SUPPLY AGENCY Milton Public Works Dept. River Basin Acreage Distribution : Total Acreage Neponset: 7,735 (91%) 8,478 acres Weymouth & Weir: 74 3 (9%) (13.24 sq. mi.) TOTAL: 1987 ADD on River Basin MWRA (Chicopee/Nashua) : 3.51 mgd 1987 Wastewater Discharge River Basin Neponset Ocean Volume Discharged 0.25 mgd by On-Site Septic System Volume Discharged 3.26 mgd by Municipal Sewer System 96 DIVISION OF WATER RESOURCES WATER SUPPLY FACTS - SUMMARY COMMUNITY Norwood WATER SUPPLY AGENCY Norwood Water Dept. Population 1970 1980 1986 1990 1995 2000 2010 2020 (U.S. Census) Town (Projected) Census m (2) (2) C2J_ (XL- Ui_ 30,867 29,711 29,272 29,700 29,700 29,700 29,700 29,700 (1) 1986 Town Census (2) Prepared by the Metropolian Area Planning Council (3) DWR's extension of MAPC 2010 Projections Population Density 1986 Area of Town Community 1986 Population Density Census (in square miles) (persons per square mile) 29,272 10.46 2,798 Population On Public Supply Population With On-Site Wells Number Percent Number Percent 29,472* 100% 0% * includes 2 00 Westwood residents Current Public Water Supply Use: Average Day Demand (millions gallons per day) 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 4.35 4.07 4.20 4.23 5.11 4.49 4.64 4.76 Maximum Day Demand (millions of gallons per day) 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 7.10 6.13 6.98 6.81 9.08 7.53 7.10 8.59 Monthly Average Day Demand 1987 ADD 4.76 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 4.37 4.49 4.37 4.33 5.26 5.87 6.04 5.84 4.75 4.02 3.93 3.81 - 97 DIVISION OF WATER RESOURCES WATER SUPPLY FACTS - SUMMARY COMMUNITY Norwood WATER SUPPLY AGENCY Norwood Water Dept. Projected Water Demand: Using DWR's standard water demand methodology, the future water demand is as follows: Average Day Demand (mgd) 1985-87 Base ADD 1995 2000 2010 2020 4.63 4.81 4.93 5.17 5.40 Maximum Day Demand (mgd) 1985-87 Base MDD 1995 2000 2010 2020 7.74 8.04 8.24 8.63 9.02 Sources of Public Water Supply: Pumping 1987 ADD Name of Basin Capacity of Source DWR Map Source Location (mgd) (mgd ) Symbol Notes MWRA Chicopee/Nashua 4.76 TOTAL: 1987 ADD 4.76 - 98 - ) DIVISION OF WATER RESOURCES WATER SUPPLY FACTS - SUMMARY COMMUNITY Norwood WATER SUPPLY AGENCY Norwood Water Dept. River Basin Acreage Distribution : Total Acreage Neponset: 6,691 (100%) 6,691 acres (10. 46 sq. mi. TOTAL : 1987 ADD on River Basin MWRA (Chicopee/Nashua) : 4.76 mgd 1987 Wastewater Discharge River Basin Ocean Volume Discharged by On-Site Septic System Volume Discharged 4.7 6 mgd by Municipal Sewer System 99 DIVISION OF WATER RESOURCES WATER SUPPLY FACTS - SUMMARY COMMUNITY Sharon WATER SUPPLY AGENCY Sharon DPW Population 1970 1980 1986 1990 1995 2000 2010 2020 (U.S. Census) Census (Projected) Estimate fl) (2) (2) (2) (2) (3) 12,367 13,601 14,660 16,190 16,490 16,800 17,200 17,200 (1) 1986 Census Estimate prepared by U.S. Bureau of Census (2) Prepared by the Metropolian Area Planning Council (3) DWR's extension of MAPC 2010 Projections Population Density 1986 Area of Census Community 1986 Population Density Estimate (in square miles) (persons per square mile) 14,660 24.27 604 Population On Public Supply Population With On-site Wells Number Percent Number Percent 14,552* 98% 293 2% * includes 185 Stoughton residents Current Public Water Supply Use: Average Day Demand (millions gallons per day) 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1.26 1.13 1.10 1.04 1.02 1.15 1.21 1.33 Maximum Day Demand (millions of gallons per day) 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 3.11 2.59 1.91 2.19 2.15 2.22 2.45 3.11 Monthly Average Day Demand 1987 ADD 1.33 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 1.05 1.01 1.01 1.10 1.40 1.94 1.81 1.95 1.17 1.24 1.20 1.15 100 DIVISION OF WATER RESOURCES WATER SUPPLY FACTS - SUMMARY COMMUNITY Sharon WATER SUPPLY AGENCY Sharon DPW Projected Water Demand: Using DWR's standard water demand methodology, the future water demand is as follows: Average Day Demand (mgd) 1985-87 Base ADD 1995 2000 2010 2020 1.23 1.43 1.50 1.59 1.69 Maximum Day Demand (mgd) 1985-87 Base MDD 1995 2000 2010 2020 2.59 3.00 3.16 3.35 3.54 Sources of Public Water Supply: Pumping 1987 ADD Name of Basin Capacity of Source DWR Map Source Location (mgd) (mad) Symbol Notes Well #2 Neponset 0.58 0.12 SH-5 Well #3 Neponset 0.72 0.20 SH-4 Well #4 Neponset 1.44 0.67 SH-3 Well #5 Taunton 0.43 0.14 SH-2 Well #6 Taunton 0.58 0.21 SH-1 Stoughton Neponset/Taunton 0.01 TOTAL: 1987 ADD 1.3 3 mgd - 101 - DIVISION OF WATER RESOURCES WATER SUPPLY FACTS - SUMMARY COMMUNITY Sharon WATER SUPPLY AGENCY Sharon DPW River Basin Acreage Distribution : Total Acreage Neponset: 10,314 (66%) 15,537 acres Taunton: 2,323 (34%) (24.28 sq. mi.) TOTAL: 1987 ADD on River Basin Neponset basin: 0.99 mgd Taunton basin: 0.34 mgd 1987 Wastewater Discharge River Basin Neponset Taunton Volume Discharged 0.89 mgd 0.4 4 mgd by On-Site Septic System Volume Discharged by Municipal Sewer System 102 / I Foxborough N SCALE 1/2 2 MILES LEGEND Town Boundary Basin Boundary Ground Water Source Town of Sharon. Active Water Supply Sources. 1987 103 DIVISION OF WATER RESOURCES WATER SUPPLY FACTS - SUMMARY COMMUNITY Stoughton WATER SUPPLY AGENCY Stoughton DPW Population 1970 1980 1986 1990 1995 2000 2010 2020 (U.S. Census) Census (Projected) — Estimate OU C?J Ui_ CU_ Ul_ OX. 23,429 26,710 27,190 27,364 27,369 27,374 27,384 27,394 (1) 1986 Census Estimate prepared by U.S. Bureau of Census (2) Prepared by the Massachusetts Institute for Social and Economic Research (3) DWR's extension of MISER 1995 Projections Population Density 1986 Area of Census Community 1986 Population Density Estimate (in square miles) (persons per square mile) 27,190 16.38 1,660 Population On Public Supply Population With On-Site Wells Number Percent Number Percent 26,374 97% 816 3 Current Public Water Supply Use: Average Day Demand (millions gallons per day) 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 2.40 2.20 2.27 2.22 2.24 2.20 2.24 2.35 Maximum Day Demand (millions of gallons per day) 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 3.73 2.92 3.56 2.97* 2.80 2.50 3.03 2.82 ^Estimate Monthly Average Day Demand 1987 ADD 2.35 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 2.24 2.29 2.33 2.31 2.37 2.59 2.51 2.40 2.22 2.23 2.23 2.22 104 - DIVISION OF WATER RESOURCES WATER SUPPLY FACTS - SUMMARY COMMUNITY Stoughton WATER SUPPLY AGENCY Stoughton DPW Projected Water Demand: Using DWR's standard water demand methodology, the future water demand is as follows: Average Day Demand (mgd) 1985-87 Base ADD 1995 2000 2010 2020 2.26 2.31 2.36 2.48 2.59 Maximum Day Demand (mgd) 1985-87 Base MDD 1995 2000 2010 2020 2.78 2.84 2.91 3.05 3.19 Sources of Public Water Supply: Pumping 1987 ADD Name of Basin Capacity of Source DWR Map Source Location (mgd) (mgd) Symbol Notes Harris Pond Neponset 0.60 0.63 ST-4 Well #2 Muddy Pond Neponset 0.45 0.49 ST-5 Well #1 Pratt's Court Neponset 0.60 0.01 ST-6 Brought Well on-line in 1987 Fennel Site Taunton 0.70 0.57 ST-1 Well #3 McNamara Site Taunton 0.40 0.38 ST-2 Well #4 Gurney St. Taunton 0.30 0.25 ST-3 Well #5 Goddard Well Taunton 0.28 0.00 ST-7 On-line in 1988 Sharon Neponset/Taunton 0.01 Canton Neponset/MWRA <0.01 Randolph Weymouth & Weir <0.01 Easton Taunton <0.01 TOTAL: 1987 ADD 2.53 mgd - 105 DIVISION OF WATER RESOURCES WATER SUPPLY FACTS - SUMMARY COMMUNITY Stoughton WATER SUPPLY AGENCY Stoughton DPW River Basin Acreage Distribution : Total Acreage Neponset: 5,150 (49.13%) 10,482 acres Taunton: 5,085 (48.51%) (16.38 sq. mi.) Weymouth & Weir: 247 (2.36%) TOTAL: 1987 ADD on River Basin Neponset basin: 1.14 mgd Taunton basin: 1.21 mgd Weymouth & Weir basin: <0.01 mgd 1987 Wastewater Discharge River Basin Neponset Taunton Ocean Volume Discharged 0.78 mgd 0.09 mgd by On-Site Septic System Volume Discharged 1.48 mgd by Municipal Sewer System 106 Randolph N Easton Brockton SCALE 1/2 2 MILES LEGEND — — - Town Boundary ...... Basin Boundary * Ground Water Source Town of Stoughton. Active Water Supply Sources. 1987 - 107 DIVISION OF WATER RESOURCES WATER SUPPLY FACTS - SUMMARY COMMUNITY Walpole WATER SUPPLY AGENCY Walpole Water & Sewer Population 1970 1980 1986 1990 1995 2000 2010 2020 (U.S. Census) Census (Projected) Estimate (1} C2J Ui_ Uj_ iZX_ UJ_ 18,149 18,859 19,720 20,500 21,270 21,530 21,700 21,870 (1) 1986 Census Estimate prepared by U.S. Bureau of Census (2) Prepared by the Metropolian Area Planning Council (3) DWR's extension of MAPC 2010 Projections Population Density 1986 Area of Census Community 1986 Population Density Estimate (in square miles) (persons per square mile) 19,720 21.21 930 Population On Public Supply Population With On-Site Wells Number Percent Number Percent 19,326 98% 394 2 Current Public Water Supply Use: Average Day Demand (millions gallons per day) 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 2.08 2.37 1.92 2.28 2.27 2.38 2.64 2.59 Maximum Day Demand (millions of gallons per day) 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 4c58 4.01 2o86 3,86 3.08 4.49 3.98 4.40 Monthly Average Day Demand 1987 ADD 2.59 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 2.24 2.32 2.32 2.16 2.69 3.12 2.91 2.83 2.69 2.56 2.67 2.59 - 108 DIVISION OF WATER RESOURCES WATER SUPPLY FACTS - SUMMARY COMMUNITY Walpole WATER SUPPLY AGENCY Walpole Water & Sewer Projected Water Demand: Using DWR's standard water demand methodology, the future water demand is as follows: Average Day Demand (mgd) 1985-87 Base ADD 1995 2000 2010 2020 2.54 2.79 2.81 3.07 3.24 Maximum Day Demand (mgd) 1985-87 Base MDD 1995 2000 2010 2020 4.29 4.77 4.95 5.23 5.51 Sources of Public Water Supply: Pumping 1987 ADD Name of Basin Capacity of Source DWR Map Source Location (mqd) (mad) Symbol Notes Mine Brook #1 Neponset * 0.35 W-2 * 1. 10 Mine Brook #3 Neponset * 0.33 W-3 for aquifer Mine Brook #5 Neponset * 0.19 W-7 Washington St. Neponset 0.28 0.32 W-5 #2 Washington St. Neponset 0.17 0.24 W-6 #3 Washington St. Neponset 0.40 0.57 W-4 #4 Washington St. Neponset 0.50 0.00 W-10 #5 Washington St Neponset 0.98 0.60 W-l #6 TOTAL: 1987 ADD 2.59 mgd - 109 - DIVISION OF WATER RESOURCES WATER SUPPLY FACTS - SUMMARY COMMUNITY Walpole WATER SUPPLY AGENCY Walpole Water & Sewer River Basin Acreage Distribution : Total Acreage Neponset: 12,180 (90%) 13,551 acres Charles: 1,371 (10%) (21.21 sq. mi.) TOTAL: 1987 ADD on River Basin Neponset basin: 2.59 mgd 1987 Wastewater Discharge River Basin Neponset Ocean Volume Discharged 1.4 2 mgd by On-site Septic System Volume Discharged 1.17 mgd by Municipal Sewer System - 110 Jove, / WALPOLE ^i Norfolk N SCALB 1. 2 S MILES LEGEND " ™ Town Boundary ...... Basin Boundary ^ Ground Water Source Town of Walpole. Active Water Supply Sources. 198 7. Ill DIVISION OF WATER RESOURCES WATER SUPPLY FACTS - SUMMARY COMMUNITY Westwood WATER SUPPLY AGENCY Dedham-Westwood Water District Population 1970 1980 1986 1990 1995 2000 2010 2020 (U.S. Census) Town (Proj ected) Census (1) 121 121 121 121 121 12,716 13,212 13,280 13,200 13,200 13,200 13,200 13,200 (1) 1986 Town Census (2) Prepared by the Metropolian Area Planning Council (3) DWR's extension of MAPC 2010 Projections Population Density 1986 Area of Town Community 1986 Population Density Census (in square miles) (persons per square mile) 13,280 11.09 1, 197 Population On Public Supply Population With On-Site Wells Number Percent Number Percent 12,954 96- 264 2% (+2% served by Norwood) Current Public Water Supply Use; Average Day Demand (millions gallons per day) 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1.23 1.23 1,19 1.24 1.25 1.24 1.30 1.41 Maximum Day Demand (millions of gallons per day) 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1.85 1.86 1.89 1.96 1.89 1.69 2.11 2.34 Monthly Average Day Demand 1987 ADD 1.41 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 1.21 1.16 1.25 1.30 1.52 1.68 1.82 1.58 1.35 1.34 1.28 1.31 - 112 DIVISION OF WATER RESOURCES WATER SUPPLY FACTS - SUMMARY COMMUNITY Westwood WATER SUPPLY AGENCY Dedham-Westwood Water District Projected Water Demand: Using DWR's standard water demand methodology, the future water demand is as follows: Average Day Demand (mgd) 1985-87 Base ADD 1995 2000 2010 2020 1.32 1.39 1.44 1.50 1.57 Maximum Day Demand (mgd) 1985-87 Base MDD 1995 2000 2010 2020 2.05 2.15 2.22 2.33 2.44 Sources of Public Water Supply: Pumping 1987 ADD Name of Basin Capacity of Source DWR Map Source Location (mgd) (mgd) Symbol Notes White Lodge Neponset 1.51 0.43 DW-4 Well #1 White Lodge Neponset 1.51 0.37 DW-3 Well #2 White Lodge Neponset 1.30 2.29* DW-5 *combined Well #3 with #4 White Lodge Neponset 1.51 DW-6 *combined Well #4 with #3 Bridge St. Charles 3.24 0.77 DW-1 Wellfield Rock Meadow Charles 1.00 0.40 DW-2 Well #11 MWRA Chicopee/ 0.003 Nashua TOTAL: 1987 ADD 4.26 mgd (Dedham-Westwood combined) 1.42 mgd (Westwood only) - 113 - DIVISION OF WATER RESOURCES WATER SUPPLY FACTS - SUMMARY COMMUNITY Westwood WATER SUPPLY AGENCY Dedham-Westwood Water District River Basin Acreage Distribution ; Total Acreage Neponset: 4,786 (67%) 1,097 acres Charles: 2,311 (33%) (11.09 sq. mi.) TOTAL : 1987 ADD on River Basin Neponset basin: 3.09 mgd (Dedham/Westwood combined) 1.03 mgd (Westwood only) Charles basin: 1.17 mgd (Dedham/Westwood combined) 0.39 mgd (Westwood only) 1987 Wastewater Discharge River Basin Ocean Volume Discharged by On-Site Septic System Volume Discharged 1.42 mgd by Municipal Sewer System - 114 -