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Ritual, Cultura E Tradição

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Ritual, Cultura E Tradição (2_ Regiane Aparecida Rossi Hilkner CIGANOS: PEREGRINOS DO TEMPO RITUAL, CULTURA E TRADIÇÃO. Universidade Estadual de Campinas - Unicamp Programa de Pós-Graduação em Multimeios - IA 2008 Regiane Aparecida Rossi Hilkner CIGANOS, PEREGRINOS DO TEMPO: RITUAL, CULTURA E TRADIÇÃO. Este exemplar é a redação final da Tese defendida pela Sra. Regiane aparecida Rossi Hikner e Tese apresentada ao Programa de aprovada pela Comissão Julgadora em 30/07/2008 . - . ·. Pos-Graduaçao em Mult1me1os do Prof. Dr. Etienne Ghistain Samain Instituto de Artes da UNICAMP para ~ --------;::-:---:-------- ~ obtenção do Título de Doutor sob Orientador ~ orientação do Prof. Dr. Etienne G. '-.._ 1.1~ ~tl_(---., '-=----=---=-.....,--=:s_,.._~-~........,.J Samain. Universidade Estadual de Campinas -Unicamp Programa de Pós-Graduação em Multimeios - IA. 2008. FICHA CATALOGRÁFICA ELABORADA PELA BIBLIOTECA DO INSTITUTO DE ARTES DA UNICAMP Hilkner, Regiane Aparecida Rossi. H549c Ciganos: Peregrino do Tempo - Ritual, cultura e tradição. I Regiane Aparecida Rossi Hilkner. - Campinas, SP: [s.n.], 2008. Orientador: Etienne G Samain. Tese(doutorado)- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Artes. I. Ciganos. 2. Corpo-Memória. 3. Dança. 4. Peregrinação. 5. ara Kali . I. Samain, Etienne G. 11. Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Instituto de Artes. 11 I. Título. (em/ia) Título em ingles: ··oypsies: Pilgrims ofthe time- Ritual, culture and tradition:· Palavras-chave em inglês (Keywords): Gypsies, Body-memory, Dance. Pilgrimage. ara Kal i. Titulação: Doutor em Multimeios. Banca examinadora: Prof. Dr. Etienne G Samain . Prof. Dr. Ronaldo Entler. Prof. Dr. Marcius César Soares Freire. Prof Dr. Severino Antônio Moreira Barbosa Prof'. Dr'. Claudia Regina Alves Prado Fortuna Prof. Dr. Crispim Antônio Campos ProF. Dr~'. Regina Pollo Muller Data da defesa: 30-07-2008 Programa de Pós-Graduação: Multimeios. Regiane Aparecida Rossi Hilkner CIGANOS, PEREGRINOS DO TEMPO: RITUAL, CULTURA E TRADIÇÃO. I Este exemplar é a redação final da Tese defendida pela Sra. Regiane aparecida Rossi Hikner e Tese apresentada ao Programa de aprovada pela Comissão Julgadora em 30/07/2008 ·. Pos-Graduaçao, - em Multtmetos· · do Prof. Dr. Etienne Ghistain Samain Instituto de Artes da UNICAMP para [-------;~-.-;---------'obtenção do Título de Doutor sob ~ Orientador 1orientação do Prof. Or. Etienne G. '---- 1-1-u..__~IL(~ '-~-~~~~-~-----~~J Samain. Universidade Estadual de Campinas -Unicamp Programa de Pós-Graduação em Multimeios - IA. 2008. FICHA CATALOGRÁFICA ELABORADA PELA BIBLIOTECA DO INSTITUTO DE ARTES DA UNICAMP Hilkner, Regiane Aparecida Rossi. H549c Ciganos: Peregrinos do Tempo- Ritual, cultura e tradição. I Regiane Aparecida Rossi Hilkner.- Campinas, SP: [s.n.], 2008. Orientador: Etienne G Samain. Tese( doutorado)- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Artes. 1. Ciganos. 2. Corpo-Memória. 3. Dança. 4. Peregrinação. 5. Sara Kali. L Samain, Etienne G. 11. Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Instituto de Artes. III. Título. (em/ia) Título em ingles: "Gypsies: Pilgrims ofthe time- Ritual, culture and tradition." Palavras-chave em inglês (Keywords): Gypsies, Body-memory, Dance, Pilgrimage. Sara Kali. Titulação: Doutor em Multimeios. Banca examinadora: Prof. Dr. Etienne G Samain. Prof. Dr. Ronaldo Entler. Prof. Dr. Marcius César Soares Freire. Prof. Dr. Severino Antônio Moreira Barbosa Prof'. Dr". Claudia Regina Alves Prado Fortuna Prof. Dr. Crispim Antônio Campos Prof'. Dr"'. Regina Pollo Muller Data da defesa: 30-07-2008 Programa de Pós-Graduação: Multimeios. Instituto de Artes Comissão de Pós-Graduação Defesa de Tese de Doutorado em Multlmeios, apresentada pela Doutoranda Regiane Aparecida Rossi- RA 921153 como parte dos requisitos para a obtenção do título de Doutor, perante a Banca Examinadora: Prof. Dr. Etienne Ghislain Samain Presidente/Orientador Prof. Dr. Ma - ... - - . - ,.-z..___ Prof. Dr. Severino Antonio Moreira Barbosa Membro Titular Profa. Ora. Claud' e a Alves Prado Fortuna Memb A quem partiu Maria Della Volpe Rossi A quem chegou Mauro Hilkner A quem está chegando Aléxia Rossi Hilkner AGRADECI MENTOS Ao meu pai, Laerte, a quem devo seguir o exemplo de humildade e trabalho. À minha mãe, Marlene, pela sua doce companhia. Ao meu irmão, Flávio, meu carinho, respeito e gratidão. Ao Professor Doutor, Etienne Samain, orientador que alia à sua sensibilidade, um comprometimento profissional e humano com o orientando. Aos Professores Doutores Severino Antônio Moreira Barbosa, Ronaldo Entler e Claudia Prado Fortuna, sem os quais nada disso teria sido possíveL A minha gratidão se confunde com a admiração e profundo respeito que lhes dedico. Ao Professores Doutores, Crispim Antônio Campos e Marcius Freire pela disponibilidade e atenção a mim oferecidas. Às amigas Ericka Correa Vitta, Gabriela Raeder e Lilia T erres pelo apoio e incentivo decisivos. Aos funcionários do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Multimeios, pelo carinho e respeito com o qual sempre me receberam. Aos ciganos, peregrinos do tempo. Será uma quimera pensar numa sociedade que reconcilie o poema e o ato, que seja palavra viva e palavra vivida, criação de comunidade e comunidade de criação? Octávio Paz, 1982. RESUMO Pesquisar as manifestações da cultura cigana é sempre um empreendimento ambicioso, pois se constitui em uma prática polissêmica, que traz diversas possibilidades de interpretação, considerada ao mesmo tempo exótica, artística, religiosa, entre outras definições. Esta pesquisa procurou inicialmente enfocar apenas um de seus aspectos: o corpo cigano enquanto uma construção social que, ao expressar-se, agenda memórias. No entanto, como nos ensina a poesia, não existem pré-caminhos ... O caminho se faz ao caminhar. Ciganos, unidade complexa, mosaico étnico. Ritmos e imagens. Materialidade e significação. Assim, o corpo-memória foi abordado no complexo universo cigano. Os capítulos deste trabalho nasceram e cresceram em função dessa complexidade cigana que impossibilita a fragmentação. Neste contexto, o objeto central de análise, ao longo do percurso de estudo e pesquisa, deslocou-se para além do corpo-memória, fazendo-se necessário um aprofundamento do ethos1 cigano, suas histórias, memórias, crenças e em especial a sua crença maior: Sara Kali. Para tanto, buscou-se em uma constelação harmônica apresentar os Ciganos- livres de estereótipos (Primeiro Capítulo). Ciganos peregrinos que juntam as vozes, mesmo pertencentes a diferentes tribos: muitas vozes em uma única voz, muitos mundos, dentro de um mesmo mundo - o Mito de Sara Kali (Segundo Capítulo). E por fim, o que antes era o início: ciganos que escrevem e reescrevem o texto da própria existência, pela poesia e ritual da dança (Terceiro Capítulo). Incorporada á área da Antropologia Visual e movida pela intenção de fazer das imagens fotográficas e dos relatos de alguns atores sociais, objeto de reflexão e ponto de partida e de chegada de todo o processo de constituição da identidade cigana, este estudo objetivou demonstrar não somente os elementos culturais dos ciganos, que os aproximam ou os distanciam da cultura predominante, mas nos preocupamos em verificar como organizam suas memórias impressas em seus corpos, uma vez que, mesmo espalhados pelo mundo, apresentam-se como grupo com marcada identidade. Palavras-Chave: Ciganos, Corpo-Memória, Dança, Peregrinação, Sara-Kali. 'Entende-se por ethos, o estilo de ser, relacionado à performance, ao sentido estético e comporta mental das tribos ciganas. ABSTRACT To search the characteristics of gypsy culture is always an ambitious task since it brings a variety of meaning and possibilities for interpretation for it is considered exotic, artistic, religious, among other.This research, initially, sought to focus only one of its aspects: lhe gypsy body as a social construction which by expressing itself brings out memories. However, as poetry teaches us, there are no pre-paths ... The path is to walk. Gypsies, a complex uni!, ethnic mosaic. Rhythms and images. Materiality and meaning. Thus, lhe body-memory was addressed in lhe complex gypsy universe.The chapters of this work fiourished and grew in lhe light of such complexity of lhe gypsy people that is completely impossible to be fragmented. In this context, lhe central object of analysis, along lhe route of study and research, went beyond lhe body-memory, making it necessary deepening the gipsy ethos [1 J, their stories, memories, beliefs and in particular their greatest belief: Sara Kali. In order to achieve this, a harmonious constellation was blended in presenting lhe Gypsies - free of stereotypes (First Chapter). Gypsies pilgrims who gather their voices, even belonging to different tribes: many voices in one only voice, many worlds within the same world - the myth of Kali Sara (Second Chapter). At last, what was once lhe beginning: gypsies who write and rewrite the text of their own existence through the ritual of poetry and dance (Third Chapter). lncorporated into lhe area of Visual Anthropology and driven by lhe intention of making photographic images and reports of some social actors, the subject of reflection and point of departure and arrival of the whole process of formation of Roma identity, this study aimed to demonstrate not only the cultural elements of Roma, that can be nearer or farther from its own predominant culture, but we care to verify how they organize their memoirs printed in their bodies because, even around the world, they present themselves as a group with marked identity. Key-words: Gypsies, Body-Memory, Dance, Pi!grimage, Sara Ka!i.
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