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UNITED STATES. GREA T BRITAIN. FRANCE.

June 24th, 1873. May 1 6th,''t&7 7. May i8th, 1877.

TRADE MARKS

UNITED STATES. GREAT BRITAIN. Registered No. 5,896. Registered No. 15,979.

DIRECTIONS.

Use but little moisture, and only on the gummed lines. Press the scrap on without wetting it.

DANIEL SLOTE & COM: NY,

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MOKE ABOUT BLOOKLLY. QL^FHITEHALL mansion BY MISS MARGARET B. HARVEY. A Pathetic Story of the Landmark from which that Section of Frankford Derives Its Name. . An old decayed wooden mansion with pil- Read Before Merton fbajiler, Dangb- | 'ars *n front, which was considered impos¬ ters of tbe American Kevolnliou. ing1 and stately in its day, was an inter- - esting landmark of Frankford. It was lo- j cated in the Twenty-third Ward on the The first general tax-list for Philadelphia left of the railway near the track, looking eonnty was made in 1693. The origins! i toward Bridesburg. The old mansion was j called Whitehall. The neighborhood bears assessment list is in possession of the His- that name to this day and is supposed to : torical Society of Pennsylvania. It is have derived its title from the old land¬ mark. copied entire in the new “Memorial His¬ j _ Jesse Wain built the mansion and lived tory of Philadelphia,” by Howard M. Jen¬ in it for many years. As most of the old kins. See page 123. mansions of Philadelphia have their ro- j mances there was no exception in this '“FdrtOitiBg is-the assessment for the town¬ case. The old gossips used to tell a story of a widowed father and his daughter who ships “ Beyond Schoolkill.” The assessor lived there. The hero of this story was a was Tho : Pascall, Junr : young man from New York. lie pressed his suit and won the daughter’s heart, William Smith. £250—£1 Os. 10J. but the marriage was opposed by the fa- Paul Sanders, £100—8s 4d. ! t!ler- The love that laughs at locksmiths Jotyp Gardner, £20—2s. 6d. ! afld wiH of stern parents came to the Jonathan Duckett, £100—8s. 4d. | aid of the young couple. One evening dur¬ Thomas Duckett. £100—8s. 4d. ing the father’s absence they eloped. Re¬ v John Roads, £120—10s. turning the father found a letter telling William Powell, £100—8s. 4d. of the flight of the daughter who had been the comfort and solace of his declining John Albore, £-6s. years. At first he would not receive the William Wilkins, £50—49. 2d. bride and groom. He securely locked the James Keight, £40—3s. 4d. doors of the old home against the daugh¬ William Hamer. £120—10s- ter. His iron will remained unbroken for John Warner, £40—3t. 4d. a while, but with the sunshine of life John Boles, £150-12s 6d. away the house to him grew miserable I and desolate. Georg Scottson. £60—5s. At the approach of Christmas his heart John Scoolon, £120—109. i softened and he longed to have his child William Bedward. £30—2s. 6d. j with llim °nee more. He wrote a letter to Thomas Pascall, £150 -12s. 6d. | the couple, saying he forgave them and Georg Wiilcox, £170—14s. 2d. i begged them to return. But instead of a This tax was as-essed under ap Act of the j merry Christmas around the yule logs of Assembly in 1693, dn/jng the administra¬ home the old man spent a bitter and a cheeiless one. He received a telegram an- tion of Governor Fletcher. It was emit ed, nouncing his daughter’s death. All the “An Act for granting to King William ard sweet ties that bound him to this earth Mary the Tate of one penny per pound upon were snapped asunder by the cruel blow. the clear value of all real and personal After he received the message he would estates, and six shillings per head upon such walk the streets at night. His imagination tts are not otherwise rated by this Act, to be became so overwrought that in the vibra¬ employed by the Gover. or of this province tions of wind-swept telegraph wires he of Pennsylvania and territories thereof for thought he heard the mournful wail of his dead child, begging him to allow her to re¬ the time being towards the support of this turn with her husband to the dear old hall government.” near the State road. This lUt ought to be of priceless value to J those who claim that iheir early American ancestors seitied in Blockley. Thomas Duckett anl William and John H

A RK fli Gainer are already known to us as first set before William Penn. tiers and prominent office holders. Imagine what Blockley wis like when I James Keight, whose name is abo spelled, whole township was parceled out among a in other old records, Keite and Kile, was a few principal landholders. Thanks to the son-in-law of William Warner, Also, an smiling fields and picturesque woods and early member of Schujlkill Fritnds’ Meet- grand old mansions, still remaining in the inf?. . West Park, it is easy to do so. And it is no John Roads was an ancestor of the late le68 easy, thanks to similar Colonial remind¬ Professor James Rhoads, of the Boys’ Cen ers, in the neighboring counties of Mont¬ tral High School. Part of the Rhoads gomery and Delaware. property is still in possession of the family. Pennsylvania, from the beginning, was an It is near Haddington, not very far from the agricultural State. The great landholders Delaware county line. built solid, elegant, stooe mansions, and William Powell was an ancestor of the lived in the midst of their broad acres, cul¬ Powell family, who built tbe old “ Powell tivating their own “plantations.” The Mansion,” and gave the name to Powelton “ first purchasers” had city lots “ thrown in ” avenue. On there they built “ town houses,” not ‘‘ Powell’s Ferry” was near the site of the always for permanent homes, but usually for old mansion, a short distance below the pre¬ convenience. As a rule, they afterwards sent Spring Garden Sireet Bridge. The disposed of these, sometimes to the “ middle” name, Powell, is an abbreviation of the or “shop keeping class” of emigants, many Welsh ‘‘ap Howell.” We must remember of whom arrived later than the “first pur¬ that many of our Welsh forefathers had no chasers.” From early days, medicine and surnames, but took their father’s first names agriculture were the two occupations pre¬ as their own last names, with the prefix eminently suitable for gentlemen. Penn, “ap,” meaning “son of.” In case of a girl, sy 1 vania never had the ignorant class of “ ap ” meant “daughter of.” stupid, groveling, tenant farmers, of which “William Bidwavd” is nanred in the we hear so much in stories and novels, and above list. This name is abbreviated from 1 which may exist in s >me States. The old “William ap Edward.” We have already families of Pennsylvania are ail able to point heard of this man as living at the pre-ent to some old stone farmhouse, in soon old Overbiook. He was an extensive land- county, as the cradle of their American owner, and a Quaker preacher, one of cltns, for the very good, historic reason that the Welsh who crossed nd in ihe country. It was added as a possessive, to take the place of founded hy Dr. John Kearslev, long before ap. This explains tbe origin of such Welsh tbe Revolution, in a house on “Church names in Pennsylvania as Roberts, Ed¬ Alley,” opposite Chrbt Church. The hos¬ wards, Richards, Walters, etc. pital was removed to the new building in The names Duckett, Warner, Kite and Belmont, in 1854. The term “ hospital ” is others, all early members of S-buvlkill still ured in a Colonial sense, meaning, not Friends’ Meeiiog, appear on ihe records at merely a refuge for the sick, hut a “ house of the Friends’ Meeting House, Fifteenth and entertainment.” Dr. Kearsley. the founder, Race streets, Philadelphia Mary Warner was the architect of Christ Church. daughter of William Warner, married The old Wynne mansion and the Jones’ Thomas Wynn, grandson of Dr. Ihomas mansion.it is said, w II shortly be restored Wynne. to their old-time elegance. Unfortunately, Thomas Duckett, Clerk of Fchnylkill tenants of old mansions are ofien careless, Meeting, and member of the First Pennsyl¬ and allow the premises to run down. vania Assembly, died of fever in 1699. He Those who examine such old mansions is believed to have arrived in Pennsylvania very closely—that is such mansions as are y.: 3

msed ana oisfigured by a modern 13th, the army crossed Hie Schuylkill, coating of plaster—will i mice how varied are “turned uorihwest to avoid the city,” and the tints of the stone, and; brH of the “Pennsylvania Archives, second The rich sienna and umber and ochre and series.’’ From the same journal we learn steel;f tints in their walls cannot be dupli- . that Washing'on had let t Philadelphia. catedtoday. August 24, by way ot Maikei Street Bridge Past the JOhes mansion lies the aban¬ (mid.He ferry) proceeded down the Darby doned bed of an old road, one of the very load and encamped near Dai by, on his way oldest in the State. This was the Darby to meet the British, who had landed at E k road, laid out from Merion Meeting to River, and wers endeavoring to reach Pml- Datby Meeting, just as soon as these two adeipliii by Mtrvltnd and Chester County. meeting houses were finished. Part of this The Battle of the Brandywine followed, on road still exists, that on the Merion side of September 11, in which the Americans the City Lme, being known as Merion ave suffered temp rary defeat. nue. The name mapt ears below Overbrook, Auer V\ ashiDgton’s encampment at Mar¬ hut through the new Overbrook Farms it is ket Sirtet Bridge, on September 12 and at called Drexel road. When Blockley ave¬ the Falls of ttie Schuylkill, on the 13ih, nue, the present Sixty-third street, was came the massacre of Paoli, the Battle of _ r,ene\ that portion of the old road leading Germantown, the skirmishing in Merion, from Over brook to Haddington was closed. etc., and the martyrdom of Valley Forge; From Haddington to Upper Darby it con¬ dor ng whi< h last period, the British occu¬ tinues, being learned by picturesque cedars pied Philadelphia and ravaged Blockley aud wild grape vines, as in early days. aud Merion. But with the end of this Near the j motion of the old Dai by road same period arose the American sun of and Haverford road lived, in Revolutionary prosperity, never again to set. davs, one Philip Conard, a Pennsylvania We have spoken of the old Lancaster Herman. Mrs. Conari was so fearful of ' f.V .. road and the other old roads in Blockley, her valuables being stolen that she hid them , • >s ■ - v out which marched Cornwallis on Ins in all sorts of unlikely places. Some errands of plunder; aod along which P.itter silver spoons which she highly prized and his patriots traveled that ihey might she hid under the steps of Merton Meeting. chech his progress. But we should not There they remained safely throughout the thiok of these old roadt as traveled only by war The spoons, marked “ P. C. C., ’ for contending armies If we fail to think of Philip and Catharine Conard, are trow in (hem as highways of peace and pleasure and possession of Mrs. John Frailey, of Heston- profit we shall ut'erly fail to appreciate our ville. S3 Colonial and Revolutionary history. Philip Conard caught three Hessians with When Pittsburg was tne “far West,” aD “ov.-n-peel,” that is, a big wooden shovel there were no railroads. All goods sent with along handle, used to lake bread out westward were “teamed” over the Alle¬

ofU1 dUan old-fashionedWIU’luolllvMicti v/oven. * vut Mr Conardv saw ghenies in big Conestoga wagons, some the Hessians approaching, evidently bent | drawn by four or six h >rses Tne old Lan¬ on pluuder. He hastily threw on a long caster road, and later, the Lancaster turn¬ cloak,» . t_ sh.L ..uldered I .J „ , 1 tk/Nthe .shovel korrol like1117/1 oa mncl/ulmusket, • ' pike, were the great ar eries of commerce. ■ with the loug handle up, so that the broad ' Over these traveled immense wagon trains.^ part wou’d be hidden in the cloak, and Tnose of us who hive not yet read Thomas called on the Hessians to surrender. They Buchanan Read's beautiful poem, “ The surrendered aDd were marched into the Wagoner of the Alleghenies,” should do so American camp. Probably they never at once. Ttie “ wagoner ” was a picturesque . knew that the oven peel wasn’t a gun. figure of early davs The poeui deals en¬ Your historian tells this story on the " V ' . tirely with Revolutionary events, and the authority of Mrs. John Frailey. No date ‘ scenes are in and around Philadelphia. ■ • v is given nor the locality of the American Perhaps we are much more lamtliar with camp. We know, however, that tfeneral the stage coach and 'he tomantic stories of Potter’s men, in the autumn of 1777, were | a-sengers traveling in tiiese old-time vehi- stationed at various spots in the vicinity of chs than we are wi'h the white, canvas- the line between Blockley and Merioo. covered wagon. Thi stage-coach and We also know of one occasion when Wash “ coaching ” have been revived in the pres¬ iogton was encamped near the present ent age as a fashionable fad. The Conestoga Market Street Bridge. On September 12, wagon, however, still exists, and, despite j 1777, after the Battle of the Brandywine, the Pacific railroads, may be seen occasion¬ I Washingtons army marched up through ally on the plains. [ Chester and Darby and encamped near tie Conestoga wagons and old time stage¬ te< minus of the old Darby or Woodlands coaches bring 11s naturally to the tavern I 'road. At sunrise on the morning of the ® Now, ladies, don’t be afraid of the good old word “ tavern.” In Colonial and Revolu¬ tionary days, it meant simply a respectable, family hotel, with entertainment for “ man papers in >.■■■- V’ “ Talt.to 1 Tallio! The Hounds. - A heautiful Highland Fox, recently caught,] and beast ” The taverns along a turnpike^ will be let loose, to gratify the lovers of the were no more than stations, with lunch* eha

V: offers 400- hogsheads for sale. The lower class generally drank rum — Medford or | Santa Cruz.

General Washington gave a grand Christ¬ mas dinner at his house at the corner of Carpenter’s Court and Chestnut. It may be remarked that turkey was not the honored dish at this time, but roast beef and plum pudding. Among the low class of Phila¬ delphia Washington was not popular, as he was opposed to the French Revolutionists, and in August, 1795, an attempt was made to burn John Jay in effigy before the Gen¬ eral’s door, bnt the mob (from Kensington) was driven off by the City Troop. One of the Troop, Mr. Morrell, grandfather of the present Colonel Morrell, was badly hurt IH PHILADELPHIA by a volley of stones. La Planehe, an Italian at Third and South, was the leading pastry cook, build¬ ing up those enormous set figures that were fl GEfJTORY AGO the fashion then—one made for William L --i—— Bingham’s birthday feast was five feet high, comprising fifteen figures. Nearly all NOTES MADE IN GLANCING OVER THE the Ice cream came from Charles Collets, a Frenchman, 171 North Front street. NEWSPAPERS OF 1795. The day after Christmas the cargo of the brig Friendship was sold at Catherine street Wharf. It consisted of men, women and LITTLE NOTICE OF CHRISTMAS boys, whose passage was paid by their sale for a number of years. These were known In Those Days It Was Only Observed by as “Redempti oners,” and from them many good families are descended. Koraan Catholics and the Episcopalians. Nails ’made in Walnut Street Prison were In December One Hundred Years Ago offered for sale, and broken glass was want¬ ed at $1.10 per hundred. A dentist offered a General Washington Gave a Grand Christ* guinea a pound for human teeth well pre¬ mas Dinner—Other Incidents of the Time. served, and John Blackburn offered Union Cauail lottery tickets for sale at $11.50, with In looking through Fenno’s Gazette of the $280,000 in prizes. The controversy as to when the century United States and Dunlap and Claypoole’s American Daily Advertiser for the month I would end had already begun. William Cob- of December, ■ one hundred years ago, one bet, in his Porcupine Gazette, printed this is surprised to see how little attention is paid notice: “If any man having the least title to re¬ to the observance of Christmas. The word “Mass” was a stone of offense to the Qua¬ spect or attention will come forward in his own name and assert that the eighteenth kers, Presbyterians and Methodists, and was only honored by the Episcopalians, German l century does not close witn the last moment Protestants and Catholics—Indeed, the min¬ of 1799, I will, without the least asperity, or ister of the Scots Presbyterian Church in attempt at ridicule, endeavor to convince this city denounced the festival as a Papisli him of his error.” observance obnoxious to all true Christians, In Feuno’s Journal “Alto” claims that the advising his hearers to keep It as a fast last day of the year 1800 closes the century; so at it they went, hammer and tongs. day, with cold stirabout as the bill of fare. In neither of these journals is the custom The winter market was well supplied with of celebrating it attended shdr m m mmms. poultry and meat, but good vegetables were of celebrating it alluded to, although all ■ scarce. Flour was treble the price it is the editors were Episcopalians. now, from $6.50 to $9 per hundredweight. Measured by the standard of to-day, West India sugar was ten cents per pound; rum, $1 per gallon; best beef, eleven cents these papers should have been profitable. per pound; butter, fifteen cents; a good tur¬ Of their four pages more than three are key or goose, sixty cents; mutton was poor devoted to advertisements, and the com¬ merce of the port is indicated by the fact land but little eaten; wheat and corn were much higher than now, and the farmer, no that one page was occupied entirely with ship notices. The day before Christmas the doubt, better off, as modern science had not “Woodrop Liner” came In from Canton, and come to ruin him, and he had fewer wants. Land in Bucks county sold as well then as fired a salute of twenty-one guns as she passed the Point. This vessel was 525 tons now, as will be seen from notices on sale, burthen, and carried a crew of twenty-five one large tract in Lower Wakefield bringing $36 per acre. men. Not long ago a 1,400-ton four-masted schooner left here with coal and a crew of nine men—overloaded and undermanned. The population of the city proper was The Woodrop Slrus must have been a sturdy about 42,000, and these lived between Poplar old tub, for she survived until 1802, and was lane and Washington avenue, east of Fifth one of the stone fleet sunk at the mouth, street. There was no paving west of Sixth, of Charleston harbor. from Seventh to Eighth streets. East side, There was no prohibition spirit in this city with the bones of Moore’s Folly sticking out In those days, and very little culture. Two of the grass, was still “Norris’ cow pas¬ book stores advertise their wares, while no ture,” with post and rail fence. Where the less than forty-five notices of liquor to sell Times building is now was a low, blue wholesale appear. Claret was beginning to frame, where Robert Boyle's mother sold be drank, and John Savage, at Rose's wharf. pies and milk, Robert becoming in after years the leading colored caterer in Phlladel- phla. There was no Walnut Street Theatre, but on the opposite corner of Ninth was a low, red frame tavern that was still In ex¬ JOE JEFFERSON’S ) istence when Edwin Forrest was a youth. The fashionable part of the city was “So¬ ciety Hill,” Front and Lombard streets, ex¬ MOTHER’S GRAVE1 tending west to Third and Spruce. For Christmas night entertainment Rick- ett’s Circus, Sixth and Chestnut streets, played “Harlequin’s Hat,” a “Spurt of Where Some of the Great Actor’s Fancy,” and the New Theatre, next door, gave “George Barnwell.” Most of the fun Family are Buried. and jollity of the day wais contributed by the lower class. A monster barbecue came off at the Cattle Market, Eighth aud Vine, three cattle were roasted. A hogshead of rum punch was made. “Success to France” OLD RONALDSON CEMETERY and “Down with the Autocrats and Federal¬ ists” were drunk with so much frequency that a fight sprung up that continued until An Ancient Philadelphia Landmark and Its In¬ the next day. The only advertisers whose descendants in teresting History—Half-forgotten Graves. the direct line are in business to-day are John Welsh, 22 South Wharves, and Thomas An Actress’ Tomb, P. Cope, No. 10 North Second street. On the whole, there is nothing in Christmas, The placing of the tablet by Francis Wil¬ 1705, that we can wish t'1 e survived. son in honor of Joseph Jefferson in the ir-y'T’# 6 9 i house at Sixth and, Spruce streets, in which the great actor was born, recalls to mind a fact with which only few Phila¬ delphians are familiar. From, In the old Ronaldson Cemetery, situated at Ninth and Bainbridge streets, are buried the mother and brother of Joseph Jefferson. This cemetery was established by James Ronaldson in 1S26. Mr. Ronaldson was a Scotchman. He was born in Edinburgh, in Date, 1769, and came to the United States in 1794. He established the first type foundry' in America, associated with Archibald Binney. His idea of creating Ronaldson Cemetery came from a desire to provide a place , In fie directors’ room of the Cham- where persons of any religious persuasion •focr of..JQ»mmerce building, on Second whatever might be buried: also, that per- ! etreev fibove Walnut, hang the great sons of limited means might have burial iron loot and heavy key that once guard¬ lots cheaper than in ground belonging to ed access to the old Penn mansion house the churches. which originally occupied the site_ of the The burying place is now full. It con¬ present quarters of the Commercial ex¬ tained 900 lots, which are practically all in change. The ancient lock aud kev, the hands of old inhabitants. ' ' ' which date from 1687, are appropriately Many notable people of the olden time • inscribed in golden letters with their and of the present day have lots there. In ; history, and have for many years been addition to the relatives of Joseph Jefferson : an object of interest to visitors to the the tombstones bear the names of many 1 Chamber of Oofnmeree. The venerable others familiar to the early history of Phil¬ relics were secured years ago by Frank adelphia. M. Brooke, and presented by him to There are soldiers and sailors, and. many the Commercial Exchange. As the men who were connected with the city and latter organization is about to move to State government, buried there. the Bourse, and the old lock and key On the Ninth street side of the grave¬ will have no significance in the new yard stands a little arbor of honeysuckle building, the directors of the Exchange and sweetbriar climbing over a mere frame yesterday voted to return the gift to work. The vines are now sere and ap¬ the original donor, who will probably parently dead: but in the spring and sum¬ place it where it will be carefully pre¬ mer the perfume from the blossoms scents served and exhibited as a souvenir ot the air. historic Interest. 'THE JEFFERSON MONUMENT. Beneath this arbor is a monument, this inscription: “To Our Mother From, and Our Brother, Cornelia F. Jefferson, <3.. Charles Burke.” Charles Burke was the half-brother of Joe Jefferson, the latter’s mother, as is well known, having been twice married. Date Every time Jefferson comes to Philadel- j phia he visits their graves. It is something J,

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>ie never neglects., lie employs a woman to keep them in order, and this she has done for years. - - SPEECHES AT THE ANNUAL MEETING A monument on the Tenth street side marks the grave of a young actress. The OF THE ART ASSOCIATION. inscription tells that beneath the sod was | placed all that was mortal of Louisa Mis¬ souri, daughter of Henry Miller, and that WORK OF TWENTY-FOUR YEARS she died in 1838, at the age of seventeen i years. “THE DRAMA MOURNED.” Interesting Points From the Report of Directly under the inscription are the Secretary Charles H. Howell—A Talk on I following lines: the Historic Mansions in the Park by The Drama mourned when her sweet votary died Charles S. Keyser, and Short Speeches by T£e loSu of one ,that ne’er might be supplied Judge Samuel Gustine Thompson, John H. * oi ™ can hope such various gifts to tessecl, i Converse, George B. Roberts, John Sartain- All. raj-gand exquisite, in one combined’ John T. Morris and Dr. MacAlister. The virtues, graces that adorned her breast Crowds of admiring friends with tears con- iesed, Onlyto thee, oh! God, the grief was known By sustained interest and expressed ! Of those who rear this monumental stone pleasure the audience attracted to the Art The hm,! h5/istlr; Wh0 with hosoms torn w rda of sisters mourn; Club yesterday afternoon by the special n»^°ea«u t0 whom awhile was given (exercises arranged for the twenty-fourth Of an the n?,Kitfr’ n°w-removed to heaven., or all the public, social, private woe anniversary of the Fairmount Park Art Here lies the cause—Missouri sleeps’ below.' Association manifested their hearty ap- Being the oldest cemetery in the city, it 1 proval of the work of the association in has some of the finest old trees to be found j its effort to stimulate the growth of a m any graveyard in city or country. true appreciation of the value and ne- Though established nearly seventy years t cessity of art in public life. There are the assessment on each individual lot owner tmany processes of culture which tend to to keep tip the grounds has not exceeded j make the life of a city rational, elevated five dollars. ^ and properly organized.

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One of the most important of all is the : educative effect of environment. It is along this practical path of the improve¬ ment of public taste through constant association with artistic works that the society has concentrated its effort for JUDGE S. G. THOMPSON. twenty-four years. Prominent speakers yesterday afternoon had only encouraging words to say of this worthy purpose, in pursuance of which SCULPTURE I|| so much has been accomplished in the ap¬ propriate decoration of Philadelphia’s FAIHIHOUJIT PARK beautiful Park. Judge Samuel Gustine Thompson, who presided, spoke of the opportunity the association has to assist the development of talent in art work and “Years ago, as stated, it was difficult to • the cultivation of true aesthetic taste in find objects worthy of purchase. Now your the thousands who visit the Park. He organization is known throughout the civil¬ urged that only the highest standard of ized world and is constantly in receipt, di¬ excellence be recognized in purchasing rectly and indirectly, of offers from sculptors who desire to be represented in the Fair- works for the Park. Quality should be mount Park collection of sculpture. considered, not quantity. Philadelphia “Since the Columbian Exposition of 1893 owns a park unsurpassed in the charm of there has been a marked increase in the num- | natural beauty. . The erection of any ber of those who appreciate the beauty of ( structure, or work of any kind which good sculpture, its value to a community and tends to destroy this beauty is more than who manifest an active interest in the i progress of the art in this country. This j to be deplored, it should be permitted. awakening is especially gratifying to the j Where nature has done so much art must society, which has been so deeply concerned | do its best. “I would urge,” said Judge in all that advances that noble calling. An- ! Thompson in conclusion, “the propriety of other very important step was taken in the I developing only the best kind of municipal recent organization of the National Sculpture irt, and that in the sculpture placed in the Society, wherein the sculptors themselves Park by this association art may find its are associating for the advancement of the nost eloquent exponents.” standard of their own creations. I. ** The Secretary’s Report. “To the traveler impressed with a feeling for the historical, so closely intertwined with The character and scope of the work the annals of our city, Philadelphia must al¬ accomplished by the association in pursu¬ ways be an object of attraction, and it seems ance of the object of its organization quite within our province to add interest to were set forth in the report by the secre¬ the many localities, both in the city as well tary, Charles H. Howell, on behalf of as in Fairmount Park, that are authentically the Board of Trustees, who said that in entitled to receive such distinction. 1871, when the company was formed, “This action will tend to bring your asso¬ ciation still more positively to the notice of there were a few in this country who hacl the general public and will earn for it, we adopted sculpture as a profession and feel certain, the commendation of all good few encouraged the art either in connec¬ citizens. tion with architecture or in adorning gar¬ “Mr. St. Gaudens has completed the Gar¬ dens, parks or interiors There was little field memorial, and has located it permanent- !' taste and less demand for it. ly in Fairmount Park, near the east river drive, below Girard avenue bridge. It will “Twenty-four years ago we had difficulty be unveiled next spring, having been eom- in finding works in sculpture worthy of ! pleted too late to have the ceremonies this I purchase. There were no subjects offered . autumn. Messrs. Daniel Chester French and by sculptures. For instance, the only group Edward C. Potter have also completed the obtainable at that time, the model of the modelling of their equestrian statue of Gen- j Hudson Bay Wolves Quarreling Over the eral Grant ready for the bronze foundry, j Carcass of a Deer, was accidentally dis¬ The Pennsylvania Legislature having failed covered In the basement of a plaster image- to appropriate money for the pedestal for the maker, where the sculptor had left it. Grant statue, the City Councils are consid¬ “At the Vienna Exposition of 1873 we se¬ ering an appropriation to the Park Commis¬ cured ‘The Dying Lioness,’ which won the sion for the purpose. It is confidently ex¬ gold medal for Wilhelm Wolff. Although our pected that the sum will be granted. In Centennial Exhibition of 1876 advanced the this event the statue can be unveiled next standard of taste to a marked degree in spring, the pedestal being a special tribute | many directions, there were no notable ex¬ from the city government to the memory of amples of the plastic art that especially com¬ General Grant. mended themselves for the purposes of this “The gift of $500,000 from the estate of the society. In the past ten years, however, the late Richard Smith has become available, Fairmount Park Art Association has given and is contingent upon the acceptance of commissions involving an expenditure of over the Commissioners of Fairmount Park, of $100,000 for original works to Calder, Boyle, the conditions of the will, which provide Cain, Fremiet, St. Gaudens, French and Pot¬ that the sum shall be expended under the ter, all completed in bronze except the last auspices of the Fairmount Park Art Asso¬ named, which is at the foundry ready to be ciation, During the year 1896 we shall un¬ cast by Messrs. Bureau Brothers, Philadel¬ dertake to secure funds for the projected phia. memorials of Dr. Benjamin Franklin and of Robert Morris, in which a great interest is manifested and a general desire evinced to participate in honoring the memory of" these eminent citizens of Philadelphia.” During the year 170 new members were admitted, and the total membership is now 1.301. The report of Henry K. Fox, treas¬ urer, showed that the total funds of the association amount to $95,733.19. In the absence of Mr. Fox, Charles J. Cohen read the treasurer’s report. John Sartain, Leslie W. Miller, Charles J. Cohen, Charles H. Howell and Westeott Bailey were elected to the Board of Trustees. V

Historic Mansions. the breaking out of the revolution. He re¬ The principal address of the afternoon signed from the service, declaring that he was by Charles S. Keyser, the well-known would not serve against the cause of his local historian of Philadelphia on “His¬ I country. He served through the whole war and stood high in the confidence of Washin^- toric Mansions in Fairmount Park.” I ton Its next lessee was Don Juan Mirailles There are few homes in America so rich the Spanish Minister. It was purchased, sub¬ m association with the great men of the ject to this lease, in 1779, by Benedict A- Revolution and the earlier history of the nold for £16.00° as a mar/agf'settlement nation than these- quaint architectural for his wife. His life estate being forfeited landmarks of Fairmount Park. It is the property was conveyed to Colonel Rich¬ ard Hampton in 1781. In 1792 it was con- curious, too, that the public knows so little veyed to General Jonathan Williams, also a of their history. Revolutionary memory. It was his resi- To more than one in the audience Mr. dence until his death in 1S15, and remained Keyser’s address was a lesson in local in the possession of the family until 1853 history. Speaking first of the mansions The most notable association of the house on the east side of the river iVIr Keyser is with Baron Steuben, who wrote there his said: famous “Army Regulations,” which in the I' ,Jud=e Pftcrs, created the army The founder of the province contemplated ZZTtZ thotew-+h! C °S? the war this mansion was the part of the Park known as Fairmount the witness of his depression and his tern- i for a place of residence. He planted a vine¬ porary poverty; and it was here also that i yard on the adjoining ground, afterward he addressed his letters in 1784, styling the Lemon Hill, and was with his barge on the place “Belisarius Hall.” y ° tne ; river, a pioneer, as it were, of the boating Rockland was also a portion of this tract association. The barge was large, six-oared of Tohn T U WaS in the Possession , and bearing the broad pennant of the pro¬ of John Lawrence,t0 1765 Mayor of the city of ' prietor. He was very fond of it, and, in a Philadelphia. At the opening of the Revo- letter written to James Logan, says “above lution Ormiston was in the possession of all dead things, my barge. I hope nobody Joseph Galloway, Left?nant Governor of uses it on any account, and that she is kept Ptua’ ~w.bile in t!le occupancy of in a dry dock, or at least covered from the Lord Plowe. This estate was also forfeited weather.’* and passed into the possession of Joseph The house on Lemon Hill was built by Reed, President of the Supreme Executive Henry Pratt between 1797 and 1S10. It was Council of Pennsylvania. It remained in k?l,se’ standing on the same site, his possession until his death, March 5. that Robert Morris lived from 1770 to 1798 1785. Edward Burd, Prothonotary of the p!tr^ftet'S i0dge’ now used a®'a Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, purchased Path Guard house, remains of Sedglev, the the estate from his executors, and erected w°f.tSe,9 blii.U D!ar 14 by Henry Cramond. It the house now standing there. It remained , , by fire. The house on the m the possession of the family until its &hn as Fountain Green, built by ?ocrQha^t by tbe Park Commissioners, in John Mifflin, was torn down some years since 1868. The name it bears Ormiston, was The region around Mount Pleasant was a S1' en it by Mr. Burd, from his wife’s an¬ portion of a large estate in this locaiUy be cestral estate in Scotland. She was Jane *° Edward Miffln. He conveyed it Halliburton, daughter of the Lord Provost nf x>°hbf McPherson, a merchant and mariner of Edinburgh. The will of an aged member °r l a.^e Pb a’ an(1 a Scotchman of the Clan of this family requested that no trees should ?£mth* McPhersons of Clunie. He built in be cut down On this estate, except those li61, the present mansion, after the residence which have gone or may go to decay. The of one of the chiefs of his clan. The historic poet, Moore, was a visitor at this house. thiS house■ which remains wfth the outbuildings complete, are of a very in Edgley, the comfortable-looking house on teresting character. William McPherson Ws this tract, was, from 1S28 to 1S36, the sum¬ mer residence of Dr. Philip Syng physic. Woodford was built anterior to the Revo¬ lution, with bricks imported from England. The property was in the possession of Will- . iam Coleman, the intimate associate and life- I long friend of Franklin, a member of the i Common Council of Philadelphia in 1739, I which office hFheld unfiT'Eis death; a Judge of the Supreme Court in 1758. He was re¬ appointed in 1760, and died in 1770. Strawberry Mansion dates probably con- ! temporaneous with the Coleman mansion. I The wings are a latter addition. It was, prior i to 1821, the residence of William Lewis, the first of the three great lawyers of the Rev- j olationary era, self-educated in the English, ! ' Creek andTJatTcnianguages. He was, i.791-2, a District Judge of Pennsylvania. He was the most peculiar in manner, style and ap¬ pearance of all the peculiar men who have from time to time appeared in his profes¬ sion. He died at the bar, while engaged in a case, in 1819. On the west bank of the river the first SOLITUDE—JOHN PENN’S HOUSE. house of importance remaining is Solitude. _ The villa, as its owner described it, which is in the Zoological Garden grounds, was son, was an adjutanMn the British army at erected in 1785 by John Penn, the poet, a grandson of the family, and remained *'■■■■ ; SKi - ... . % ■ , Richard Peters, the beloved friend of Washington, was born in the Belmont Man¬ sion and died there August 22, 1828, at the age of 84. He was a man of the most ab-’ solute independence of character, as well as of infinite humor. At the outset of the Revo¬ lution he ostracised himself from social, fam¬ ily and business relations, and assumed and adhered to the cause of the colonies.. He was the son of William Peters, who ad¬ hered to the Crown, and returned to and died in England. He was a nephew of,Rich¬ ard Peters, Secretary of the Land Office un¬ der the Penns. He was born, as it Were, in the very den of the British Lion, and, in a good-humored manner, bearded him there. He filled the office of the Secretary of the Board of War during the Revolution, was a Representative in Congress and a-Judge of the United States District Court thirty-nine MT PLEASANT. years. m ■aiff~FEirn“Tnnrrry until its purchase by the In the Department qf Agriculture he was Park Commission. Granville John Penn, the the pioneer in those improvements which great-grandson of the founder, was its last restored the wasting farm lands in this private owner and the last of the founder’s State. He was the most hospitable of men, name. He gave a collation here to our cit¬ and this mansion in which he lived and died izens, and expressed a wish that the city and which has been so little changed that ' should become its owner and keep it for the it could .be readily restored to its first condi¬ founder’s name. As I remember it at that tion, had as its guests, among the' many time, it was then in the occupancy of the whose names have not been preserved, the. tenant. It was a pleasant, sunny cottage, Chevalier de ia Luzerne, the French Min¬ remaining quite as the owner had left it; ister, whose h’ouse was at the Falls; Frank¬ a small drawing room, a room adjoining, lin, Rittenhouse, Bartram and Lafayette. : which served both for a hall and sitting Baron de Steuben, Talleyrand and Louis room, a chamber with an alcove, a book¬ Phillippe were also received in this house. case, which had once held his books, and a Robert Morris, the Count de Survilliers, quite roomy cellar for his wine. The book¬ John Penn, the Governor; Alexander J. Dal¬ cases were set in the wall, ,and the secret las, the advocate, whose house was also door by which he shut himself from the near the Falls, and John Adams, and before visits of intrusive friends, closed quite as all these the author of the great Declara¬ quietly as it did so many years ago. Some tion, who lived below the Park limits at years later I again visited the place, and Gray’s Ferry until 1793, were his visitors and found it occupied by a considerable num¬ neighbors. ber of the members of the snake family. To its door drove the stately equipage of I At present it is the office of Arthur Erwin Washington, with its six horses of the old Brown, superintendent of the Zoological Dominion stock, his motto on the harness- Garden. plates, his crest on the panels, his postillions The mansion at Lansdowne was accident¬ with bright tasseled caps, and his coachman ally destroyed by fire in 1854, and by a cu¬ with a dignity and style in perfect keeping rious coincidence, on the Fourth of July. It with the whole. And here he sometimes was built before the Revolution and was rode on the white charger which bore him in really a grand structure for the times., .Broad the Revolution. While surrounded with carriage drives led to it; a large gateway; these conditions of state there wras but little quite extensive conservatories, vases and formality in their intercourse. The visits fountains, with a private passage leading un¬ made to this mansion were not occasional derground to the river. Its owner was the ones, but made sometimes weekly, and more Honorable John Penn, Leftenant Governor frequently daily. and Commander-in-Chief of the Province of Pennsylvania and counties of Newcastle, The mansion which stands near the Chil¬ Kent,' and Sussex-on-Delaware, from 1763 dren’s Playground was the residence for to 1771, and from 1774 to 1776. He continued many years of Samuel Breck, who was born to reside in this mansion after the war, and, in Boston in 1771. The place, while in his was visited by Washington there in' 1787. occupancy, was called Sweetbriar. He lived It was for some time the residence of Joseph there thirty-eight years. His life extended Bonaparte, Ex-King of Spain. Its last own¬ ! over the history of our country, from the er, prior to its purchase by the city, was beginning of the Revolution to our own time. the late Lord Ashburton. . ■ He was held up, as a child, by his nurse to see the smoke rising from Bunker Hill, and he lived until after Sumter had fallen. He

LANSDOWNE MANSION- i TOM MOORE’S COTTAGE. ' B 11

had taken the hand of every President from Washington to Lincoln. He had studied in France under the Empire, and was again there in the midst of the Revolution “ fu our State Senate he laid the foundation of our system of Internal improvements, and drew the bill or the establishment of the common school system of Pennsylvania. He • was one of the founders—for many years president—and to the last year of his life a visitor, of our Institution for the Blind So well known was he that his step was recog-

' Slfthe'*J3** am°ng 311 °therS tbat ciJten C!mse;, WhiCh has always been asso- uame of Moore since the dence ^ hef'' whi]e aot bis place of resi- as was lonS believed, has this associa- . ~as a visitor at the home of the T, d.f’ 0rmiston' a‘M at the mansion of rive?6 Th'rSVm the opposite bank of the tnei. This little cottage, which was the 1 0f his IittIe Mayfield cabin, lay ' hwnlacethne/eritW0KeStateS’ aiUl "'as the l«nd- i P-^C f the boat which took him from one side to the other of the river while v^ i Wing these families. A letter from an in GEORGE B. ROBERTS. i visitteh°efretUttBtUrd at tbe time of his J-be last half hour of the meeting was written at thiA cottage. ' j °n6 °f h‘S P°e“S Was devoted to short addresses from John H Converse, president of tho a.t.*- The mansion on the section of the Park George B. Roberts,president of the Penn¬ Plumstend C„hamou,ni was built by George sylvania Railroad Company and vice ga”ed i-i I’ndi^f1'^00-' °f Pbiladelpbia, en- sagca ln Indla trade, in 1802. The ori«iml president of the association; John T. Mor¬ name of the tract is Metopoon. Tlie -round ris and Dr. James MacAlister, president immediately around the house bore "he of the Drexel Institute. eve° °thoJIhUnn Prospect’ and, as it is, I be- Mr. Roberts, who spoke first, empha¬ was a VPrv1So i portion of tbe grounds, 7,cL tbl l appropriate name. The view sized the important service beauty per¬ Z be,upper roon?s of the mansion is, I forms in elevating the industrial life of a Park 0 m°St estensive m the whole community. With the cultivation of skill and energy we need the development of thTwUahl ,h0UStlocated at the mouth of tne H lssahickon by its owners, the State a higher artistic sense. The more facili¬ ties for culture with which the workman Si afek,IV Wh,ch has ««oola ions whfch is surrounded the more artistic and the focietv itSZS VOlUme Published by the PinlvJ' IC tood origmally near where the more desirable his work will become. Phil¬ Giiaid avenue bridge crossed the river on adelphia as a city which derives its great¬ too lrde' tt was moved from there in lb—, over seventy years ago, to GrnvA est wealth from its manufactures should Ferry, and afterwards placed in the Park allow no opportunity to pass which will advance and elevate its artisans. asterv A Stands' Tb* old men ‘ „rj®ry 0n ?he M lssahickon in the Park has Mr. Converse spoke earnestly of the in¬ also very interesting associations. Kelpius fluence each member of the association lived honm?he S l°f lhe ^issahickon Pietists! can exert in extending its work. John T. within Par h Wissahickon wittun l aik limits, *and ° £ Kelpiustbe died there Morris referred to the impetus to sculp¬ in the midst of his followers. ture and Dr. MacAlister,-speaking in the same vein, said that painters in America Interesting Short Talks. are prospering, architects are gaining in !,Jthdre^iniSCenCeS 0f 0,d mansions sug¬ recognition, but the sculptor is still ne- gested reference from Mr. Sartain, the dected. He echoed Judge Thompson's veteran engraver, to his first residence in fords on the importance of having only in wflatC,feah„aw1^|tbe™-mJ high order of works and predicted a rounded by a square plot of four acres, (right future for American art. The taken out of Pratt’s grounds, bounded on greatest art of the world, Dr. MacAlister the east by the deep cut made by Robert said, has always been produced in demo¬ Morris for tbe canal that was never com¬ cratic epochs. In closing he recalled to pleted, and on the north by Sedgley. the audience the sentiment of the old This mansion had been erected for a Mr English poet, without art the world is Leslie, father of Charles R. Leslie, the one great wilderness. Royal Academician, who was a maker and dealer in clocks. Many are the old- fashioned upright clocks still to be seen in Philadelphia having the name Leslie engraved on the gray steel face. This Leslie house was built by the grandfather of another distinguished Philadelphia ar¬ tist, Daniel Ridgway Knight, now resi¬ dent in Paris. Monrocdoctrine. Lot us hope that Cuba will be free, as she deserves it. Let us hope that the channel of t lie Delaware rive? and bay be improved; it will not be questionable for a I ship to leave a European port and arrive here | safely. Let us hope for the progress of Phila- f delphla, the greatest city on the Continent, f with the best fed, best housed and best con- I; tented people in the world. It gives me | pleasure to extend a welcome to you, and to introduce Mr. Cyrus Borguer, Chairman of | the Building Committee. ’ ’ The transfer of the property to the Board of Directors, typified by the presentation of the keys, was then made by Cyrus Borguer, the | Chairman of the Building Committee, to tire J President of the Bourse. Presentation of the Keys. Mr. Borgnersaid: “Mr. President, Ladies and Gentlemen— We have reached what may be called the consummation of this great enterprise, and j now, with a few concluding ceremonies, the i Bourse will be ready to do its work. . 1 ‘ ‘As Chairman of the Building Committee, 1 I hold in my hand| the key of this splendid, structure. Our work is done. If we ever had auy doubts, they have oeen solved, ir we ever had any fears, they have been dispelled. ; Success has crowned our labors. It is our PROMINENT MANUFACTURERS, MER¬ privilege to rejoice with you to-day. “This building is the fruit of wide observa- i CHANTS AND MANY LADIES PRESENT. tion and of large experience. There is noedi- ‘ fice in the world which embraces all the feat- I ures embodied in this one. ThcVe may be others somewhat like it in the world," hut1 JOHN F. LEWIS’S EULOGY OF PHILADELPHIA there are none whose scope is so comprehen¬ sive, none so complete. Here we take the 1 advance of ail American cities, and, so far as ■1 the Bourse is concerned, Philadelphia leads EARLY COMMERCIAL HISTORY-PRESENT the world. ADVANTAGES AND POSSIBLE FUTURE. Features of the Bourse. “Here is to be the great mart of Thilade!- j phia. At this centre will gather the manu¬ The Philadelphia Bourse was dedicated facturer, the wholesale dealer, the broker, yesterday by formal ceremonies, commenc¬ the commission merchant, the retail dealer. ing at noon. There was a very large assem¬ Here goods, in crude and manufactured ' blage of the leading men of the city, repre¬ forms, will he placed on exhibition. Here senting Its various branches of commeree, ] will bo gathered the Maritime, the Com¬ trade and finance, and also their wives and | mercial, the Drug and Paint, the Grocers daughters. Arrangements were made for \ and Importers’ and the Lumbermen’s Ex¬ seating a large proportion of the great multi- I changes. tude that thronged the main floor and gal¬ “Conceive, if you can, tbo great business! leries. interests represented by these several organ!- j The speakers’ platform, on which the ofil- j zations. What a hive of industry the Bourse I cers and Directors of the Board sat, was j will be! As the States of ohr Union consti- placed in the middle of the north side of the ; tute oue great nation, so these many indus- ! floor, at the line of the gallery. Immediately 1 tries and interests will form one great busi- 1 in front of the platform and extending to 4 ness centre, the largest and most influential !' Ranstead place a space was reserved for spe¬ in this commercial metropolis. As the Stock j cially invited guests. ; Exchange is the pulse of the money market, Cedars and palms and potted plants were so the Bourse will be the pulse of commercial placed along the northern line of pillars and I industries. around the sides of the pfatform. Twomili- “Another feature of the Bourse is that it I tary hands, stationed in the eastern and is to be a bureau of information, where mer- || western galleries, enlivened the occasion j chants may discover new fields of enterprise, |; with festive and classical selections, while i the best fields for buying the crude material I the Royal Hungarian Gypsy Orchestra and and the best markets for the sale of manufac¬ the Spanish Troubadours entertained the tured products. Here in this building mer- ! guests in the great exhibition room. By the ! chants will be brought into touch with the I time the exercises commenced every seat was richest fields for trade iu the world. filled, and hundreds were standing around j ‘ ‘Still another prominent feature is that it I the sides of the hall. is to be a great exhibition or permanent fair. The ceremonies were commenced by an This department of itself will cover an area invocation by the Rev. Charles Wood, D. D.’, J of 54,000 square feet, and it, will be one of the I - and a brief address of welcome was made by j great attractions of our city. ITcre our peo¬ his Honor, Mayor Warwick, who, in the ple will have an opportunity of seeing the course of his remarks, said: best things in the market, exhibited under r “This is an opportune time to extend a one root, to judge as to their uses, merit and welcome on the eve of the new year. Let us value, and to make their purchases.” also hope that the trouble in Venezuela will Mr. Borgner continued with a description L ' be settled by arbitration, but let us make up of the building and the uses to which each of our minds not to relent one iota from the tlie floors was devoted. Great credit was ! given to the architects, Messrs. George W. 13

and William D. Hewitt, and to the various *‘ivir. Chairman and Gentlemen of the contractors, for their professional skill and Building Committee: In receiving from you mechanical ability. The cost of the building the keys of this building, it become; my and ground was $2,500,000. Mr. Borgner con¬ pleasant duty, as the representative of the cluded his remarks by saying: “And now, company and President of its Board of Di¬ Mr. President and gentlemen of the Board rectors, to express to you and to your usso- of Directors, we deliver to you the keys of ciates on the committee the thanks of the _this budding, knowing as we do that your Board for the faithful performance of your gum-mans hip of its.interests is me guarantee labors and the successful completion of your of its success. ’' work. The task committed to your hands, Reception of the Keys. with full power to carry forward, was no President Bartol accepted the keys and the common one. It was unusual in its character property they typified in the following lang- and proportions, and, while you have been ua: spared from encountering unusual structural difficulties, vou have had no easy <

The great end of government‘‘Is to support i have been diligent in proscputirig the work,") power in reverence with the people, and to p« watchful of the interests ol' the company,and J j secure the people from the abuse of power. S prudent in the expenditure of money: and it i | Liberty without obedience is confusion, and can be truly said tiiat no building of equal j obedience without liberty is slavery. ’ character and magnitude inis ever been con- I structed in. this country for so small a cost. First in Most Matters of Importance. I Although you thought it well in your re- ‘‘From the very date of the foundation of | Philadelphia she became famous, and her | marks to pass over the history of this enter- ' | prise, it seems, to me I would bo delinquent' : growth and prosperity vastly exceeded her 1 founder’s fondest hopes. ■ in my duty if I omitted a brief recital of the N steps which have led up to this occasion. ; ‘‘In 1685, the first American printing press The speaker then followed with a chrono¬ ' was set up by her Bradford; in 1090, her logical history of the inception' and progress’ Rittenhou.se built the first paper mill; in 1731 of the enterprise, which, briefly stated, was ‘herFranklin of adoption founded the first that the'first suggestion was made in the j public library; in 1785, she erected the Wwl type foundry; in 17R, published the first columns of The Manufacturer on October 16, 1890; the full scheme was laid before a meet¬ magazine; in 17-13, printed the first Bible: ing of delegates from 15 different, trades in 1710, established the first medical college; ;ii ‘bodies and formally endorsed on January !), 1752, organized the first, fire insurance co’m- 1801; application for a charter was made liny : pany; in 1753, equipped the first American Arc¬ If, 1891, and letters patent were issued June tic Expedition, and in 1784, issued theflrst daily 25, 1891; the purchase of the site was com¬ newspaper on .the Western Hemisphere. She pleted February 20, 1890; the main contract organized the first association in America • for the building was signed September 20, for the study of natural science; opened t he 1893, under which the building was to be first, bank—the Bank of North America—and completed October 1, 1895. ierected the first Mint lor the coinage of The first shovelful of dirt, was turned Octo¬ ..United States money.! She churned the ber 12, 1893; the offices of the company were waters of the Delaware pith the first steam¬ moved to the new building August 29, 1835;! boat ever operated in .inierica; constructed the main contract was completed October 1, the first man-of-war under the Federal t o:i- - 1895; the bourse was ready for occupancy in stitution, the frigate United States; laid down ' all its parts December 31, 1895. the first experimental railroad track ever placed on American soil; and, I am proud to In Remembrance of the Dead. be able to add, designed and floated to the .. Mr.Bartolcontinued: “Andnow,Mr.Chair¬ winds, in a humble two-story house on Arch man, ladies anti, gentleman, having in thfsj' street, the first flag of |the Union—tlhe lm- •dry and tiresome manner outlined the ins-1 j mortal Stars andid Stripes. tory of this enterprise, I do not l'cel that, I can close my remarks without, some reference to Hcr HistoricHistoric AsscAssociations. those of the original incorporators whom ‘‘In her Carpenters’ Hall assembled the death has removed in the less than five years first Continental Congress. 1-Ierc Washing¬ that have elapsed since they subscribed to ton was made ComrnJnder-in-Chief of th the application for a charter. Of the 112 | American army. Here t he colonial delegates public-spirited citizens who signed that ap¬ •, were encouraged to co isider a declaratioh of plication, 14'have beeu removed, and I know - independence, and wh n I':e great charier of of no more fitting time or place than this American liberty was adopud, here it was hall, and on this day, to name those first proclaimed with ! arless indifference to to whom this honor is duel bet us the consequences. Het .' the delegates assem- reverently remember the names of W. C. bled to adopt the Con itutioh of the United Allison, John Baird, George W. Childs, States, and here, froi i 1790 to 1809, was the Samuel Coffin. Theodore C. Engel, Robert Federal capital; here Congress assembled, Glendiuning, Henry H,Houston, William If. and the Supreme Com sat. and here Wash- Kemble, Edward 0. Knight, William T. Me- ington delivered the most touching Presi- Neely, Joseph D. Potts, Henry Schmidt, dential message ever penned, his farewell Charles N. Thorpe and James A. Wright. address to theAmerh |m people. Phi'adel- . They are men of whom any city might be phia s plain old State louse is richer in his¬ ' proud, and who, in fostering the Bourse by toric association with the progress of human their moral and financial support, honored treodom I ban all the storied piles of Europe. it and honored themselves, for their support ‘Her ancient bell, from out its brazen throat, was given without, hope of gain and in a Still echoes music that it pealed of yore. spirit of pure devotion to the advancement And through the listening uges.it shall float, of Philadelphia’s prosperity. I would that, A hope for evermore. ’ ’ ’ they were with us to-day to rejoice at the Reference was made by the speaker to the completion of this noble structure.” arrival, on Christmas Day, 1773, of the ship At the conclusion of Mr. Bartol’s remarks, S: roily, with a cargo of tea, in the Delaware, Dr. William Pepper, President of the Phila¬ opposite Gloucester, when a committee of delphia Commercial Museums, made a brief | \ citizens visited her, conducted her captain i address upon the significance of the event of i if lo the State House, where the largest mass . the day. 1 meeting the city had ever witnessed assem¬ The City of Philadelphia. bled, and resolved that the tea should not John Frederick Lewis, counsel for the be landed. The captain was supplied with | Pourse and United fitates Commissioner, 1 necessaries for his voyage and in two hours | made the formal oration, his subject being was bound for the Delaware Capes. • ‘Philadelphia—Past, Present and Future. ’ ’ The Beginning of Commercial Activity. He said, in part : Mr. Lewis said the mp.riiime history of the ‘‘Some themes are eloquent in themselves 1 city commenced in 1088-9, when it cargoes of and need no orator. There is no speech nor , tobacco were exported. In 1702 the commerce language where their voice is not heard. i of the pork had so developed that Logan, Such a theme is the ‘City of Philadelphia’ Penn’s Commissioner, wrote that “the cus- —her very name is eloquence itself. It speaks ! toms upon goods from Pennsylvaniaamount- 1 of that brotherly love which her gentle I ed this year to S000 pounds; New York not founder boro nil men. Every law of the new half of it. ’ ’ province was stamped with his own individ- I he speaker referred to the places where 1 uality. His idea of governmental authority merchants were accustomed to congregate in ! was pithily expressed before lie left England: • wr . -a

■'t t ire early (lays of the city, commencing with the quaint cofiec houses on Front street izc-d, ('eyelopecT rind manages tlie greatest mtrrjui Iona l navigation company in tho iUn heati —« ulie London« :-- CWoe House was opcneaopened ; * ' Uat.once became a famcifa yi'uje jfoV r,?vta }UVr{£ tra Ilf1 ^$uut T,and one of the best in the world latterlyy called thetin Merchants’ Co tree House’ , , o.^yp^.day oyer 200,000 passengers are carried was builtu I at the northwest corner, cy, Second in and out ot her depots, and nearly 100 0C0 000 and ( tons oC annual aggregate freight. o.tl streets, and became ligrejit 1^0 rt > > J tor business■mess men. This building~nimiirisJ“1 ™g>»i,icri1 > 5 > , )5* j# Ihe City of Homes, rh sinned, was regarded as one of the finest 1 ” at.cer’ain seasons of prolonged ' „^mcr.lca' It continued to serve the pur- , a) &rht, she is abundantly supplied with PoriLn /'1 e,X,fange untU 1S3I> when the , clear wholesome water, delivered by an in- edifice, at Dock and Walnut streets was tile,ate network of conduits into her houses opened to the public, and the history of the . | and the upper rooms thereof; and her neo- past became merged into the present. , pie appreciate its use, consume daily ]f>9 Her Patriotism Unexcelled. i, gallons per capita, and have more bath tubs j tiian any other largo city in the wdrld Phirefer(rfd briefly to the efforts, cf . I lladelphia in the war for Independence | “She has 1ST,000 dwellings, according to Jthewarof island the Mexican war, and |Lbe census of 1890, more than twice as many " J Bp,;l’flns of lae 'ate civil war, he said: lasNcWiork and half again as many c" ■ , J ilu patriotic city in the Union she 1 ofPuhlfo Wr • ° fatls‘,lc8 of thc Department bia’sVc-ineCTTPl0I1|lptt'° respbml to Colum- - ^ °.ks show that she now contains ma s call. Her loyalty is written imon 26.1,01)0 buildings, of which the enormous Baggregate oi 2U,ooo arc dwellings. Burin" teTm\ndtt1;:;.,i,<:kllroni***»>**»> t0 tarn and the bravery of her people attested the past five years a total oi 7,171 buildings b\ .he number of her soldier dead and the . ha\e been erected annually, and during the quiet pat ,10s ot their unmarked graves The year just closing this astonishing averag°e was time allotted me is not sufficient to weave a | exceeded by over 500, a fact which compel fit gailand of lilies for the humblest of her and challenges comparison. -ns " hose hiood ensanguined the snows of R met} -two per cent, of her dwellings arc oc¬ cupied by a single family, as contrasted with pornattox.1”0 °‘' **“ 'U'ated Waters of Ap- j 00 per cent, ot the dwellings of Chicago so oc- “So much for the past. It belongs to our , cupicd, and but 45 per cent, of the d°we'linws sires and grandsires; but the present is nil ofNewlorlt-a larger rate for Philadelphia our own. They were few and weak wo are , than any city m tho United States, greater WC re ind Stl;°ns: they toiled and suffered I ,tbHU 1 ro vidence or Denver, and vastly lar-er wo lest and thrive; they labored with rude ■than any great city on the Eastern Hemis¬ appliances and undeveloped resources iv phere. Her dwellings are occupied upon tlie employ ingenious machinery and obtain’raw 1 ayeraSe by five persons, those of ChicaO by material from every part of the globe 4s eight, and those of New York by eighteen artisans they were skilled, as merchants making her certainly -the City of Homes ’ honest and energetic, and as citizens faithful It can sately be said that Philadelphia offers to t .ie city of their birth or adoption. cheaper rent, and cheaper land upon ground- . ‘'v’ bat a rll'h legacy they have left us! A rent or for sale, considering her industrial P°P«*aUon at the present time of opportunities, than any city in AmorS 1.-38,112, so many that should they file before ■V4 hat the Bourse Stands For us for 12 hours each day to the tick of the clock nearly a mouth would be required to - ! jevlew .he procession; a. city with an area of ..110 square miles, extending for a distance of! 2^. nnlcs north and south, bounded by 33 1 eluded his oration by sa> ing: ntle:- ot frontage upon deep water naviga¬ “Citizens of Philadelphia, the splendid ble lrom the sea, and unrivalled by any citv building we dedicate to-day is not a mere on the continent in space for wharfage facili¬ temple of trade nor palace of indus'rv It ties lofty years ago her Schuylkill was has not been erected for the sordid gre. d of a ( navigable for vessels of the lightest draught favored few, but as a free gift to the com- , but b.i-day successive operations of munity in whose midst it stands. It is a t dredging and embanking have afforded ■- memorial to the past and a monitor for the 11,cba™e.1 Wltb ® feet of water at Point Breeze tuture a mighty monumental pledge that its 1 and 28 leet at Girard Point. noble founders, and their heirs forever, will Her Transportation Facilities strive to advance the prosperity of the cl tv “Possessing 1325 miles of streets, which they love. It. stands before us not. as a dead extended in one direction, would reach to the and I nanimate mass of stone and iron, but as farthest limit of the Indian Territory she s a thing of life, conceived by the business under no necessity, like some of her sister ability of the Philadelphia merchant, and Cities, lor growing upwards. The rapid im¬ brought forth by the genius of the Philadel¬ provements oi the last few years have made phia, architect, combined with tlie labor and her one of the best paved cities in the counu? courage of the Philadelphia builder, breath- if not in the w orld. She has 9S7 miles of rail¬ , ln£ ln the present tlie undaunted spirit of the road tracks withm her limits, including an past. Pointing to that which has gone before extensive belt hue readily accessible to her I it. beckons to that which is to follow,and pro- manufactories and to her warehouses and i claims from every echo with majestic elo¬ wharves; .13 Height stations and y” and quence, both to warn and encourage* ‘Th# mci 10,000 miles of railroad track i ni mo- future of Philadelphia shall be what her diately tributary to her by tlie Pennsvl people make it. ’ God grant that its voice vania system, the Reading, the Baltimore and may never be stilled, and as years roll on Ohio and tne Uehigh Valley. She has.380 may those who here assemble make of this miles oi streets occupied by passenger rail¬ buildup a mighty pulsating heart, whose ways constituting the most extensive and steady throbs ot business energy shall be felt complete in.termural transit system on this uiough every artery of commerce to tho continent or on any other. She has organ- uttermost parts of the earth, and circulate among all people the enlivening influence of honest, competitive trade. ’ ’ tatives of the Philadelphia newspapers and tho§e from other cities, to the privileges of COMMERCIAL EXCHANGE . .QUJdkJW.*: ,> I •! t^tABu'mow, gentlemen and fcllow-mem- • » » • ; \, ci&lhislgrund old Commercial Exchange, A STIRRING FAREWELL TO {T&* *OLD: about passing into the forty-second year of 'U its existence, it is to lie hoped that the year $ BUILDING ON SECOND STREET. .. , ' *; * 5w’jf *l*£ing success and prosperity tons a . • ;ap4*<»btl bidding a final farewell to this old; • ball,*ahef Tis tho last official act from this ■ ; To-Morrow It Will Open In Its New Rooms grand rostrum, I announce the rules sus¬ pended for the day, hoping to see you all in ! in the Bourse—In Closer Touch With our new quarters at the opening of business j Other Business Activities. next Thursday. ’ ’ The touching strains of “Auld Lang gyne” I went up from a hundred throats, for it is felt ! There was carnival yesterday in the old no parting of, that kind can ever be put I hall of the Commercial Exchange; on Second! through in proper order without the music street, above Walnut. The Exchange has! of the old Scotch song. Before the verse was j left its quarters that it occupied for so many ended a bag of sample grain curved grace¬ busy years, and will open to-morrow in fits fully across the room, with its open top it new rooms in the Bourse. whirling like the end of a boomerang, and No more will the corn broker’s voice sound struck an elderly vocalist near the back of within the old walls. The broker realized his neck. Other enterprising members were this. It seemed to strike him for the first almost as quick, and everything that was ly¬ time yesterday afternoon. It was his last ing around loose was quickly put into use as chance. So he gathered his strength, and he a missile. filled his lungs, and he made things lively. The rt>ws that they have “on ’change,’* President E. E. Rogers dropped his gavel tlie ordinary little scrimmages that celebrate a.t noon, and the grain and flour men who public holidays, paled by comparison as the | had blustered there on the floor to bid fare¬ battle waged fiercer and fiercer. Even the I well to the hall quieted down for the formal Bourse, with the futuro of its assembled Ex- , part of the parting. He said: changes spread bright and promising be- 1T cannot resist the impulse that comes to fove it, may never sec such a conflict as tho mo on this last day of the year, and the last corn men showed the old Exchange Build- of our tenancy of the Chamber of Commerce ing before they left it. Building, to Say a few words to the assem¬ As for the outs, the people who didn’t want; bled members in recognition of the event. to move and who were going to have an in- ] While I believe that the movement we are Junction served if the Bourse lease was about to take is inline with the progressive signed, they didn’t say a word to spoil the 1 spirit of the age, and one that lor very many festivities. reasons will insure the advantage of our Ex¬ A reporter asked a member whether or not change as an organization and of its mem¬ tho discontented party in the Exchange i bers as business men. and while I am sure meant to do anything. The gentleman paused ! that these views are shared by the majority in his efforts to make a battered derby pre¬ within reach of my voice, 1 must confess to a sentable enough for a dash over to his office, .feeling of regret which lias probably come and, as he turned to answer, daintily flecked home to all of our members in severing old a few 1 i rge lumps of dough from his neek-tie associations. and vest. A Word About Internal Strife. “I hardly think so,” he said, while he “Parting under any of the circumstances fidgetted at his collar to let a handful of and conditions of life has in it some element wheat fall from its uncomfortable resting of sadness. There is, I think, an instinctive \ place. “Everything has been lovely.”_ sorrow at parting with inanimate objects, and the old building that has been the scene i of many long years of our business activity ; AFTER FORTY YEARS. has become endeared to us in spite of tlie de¬ fects which have induced us to east it aside for newer and more suitable quarters. “We are exchanging, as it. were, outworn THE BLOCKLEY BAPTIST CHURCH, WEST and shabby garments for a new dress in PHILADELPHIA. which we shall appear to better advantage before the progressive citizens of Philadel¬ phia. Wo are going away from comparative Anniversary of the Dedication of the Pre- t isolation into close association with the great business and industrial life of our city. We sent Edifice—Historical Sketch of the En¬ shall bo broadened in out influence and terprise—The Pastors. vastly benefited in our business affairs by ^lie new and close contact with the concerns and activities of our fellow-business men in Phila¬ Tho fortieth anniversary of the dedication | delphia. of the present edifice of the Blockley Baptist j • ‘Wo have but to put aside our petty jeal¬ Church, Fifty-third street, near Haverl’ord ousies and act in vigorous accord to make avenue, is to be observed on Sunday next, | the Commercial Exchange a bigger power when the morning sermon is to be preached ; for usefulness in the Bourse Building than it by the Rev. Henry G. Weston, D. D., Presi- : has ever been in the Chamber of Commerce, dent of Crozer Theological Seminary. and to you who are familiar with its history Historical Sketch. that is saying a great deal. On February 22, 1SD1. ‘ ‘at a meet ing of the The Rules Suspended. inhabitants of the township of Blockley, in “ No departure will be made for the pres¬ the county of Philadelphia, held in the school ent in the manner of members gaining ad¬ house (Fifty-second and Walnut streets), for I mittance to the floor, and, as heretofore, we the purpose of taking Into consideration the/ extend a cordial invitation to the represen¬ ” . . ."-..riTPHBHHiHi propriety of building a meeting-hou snlortTfe ?°fd niOFe C0QV°niently than they P»y baptism and 15~ hy letter. Blocklev | could heretofore,” John Rutter was m. w SerVCfl by supplies until pointed moderator and a committee was an U'I when a unanimous call was cv pointed “whoso duty it was to fix upon' cented1 ‘° ^ Rev' JosePh Uennard who ac'- lot procure subscriptions, material etc -Ptecb and commenced his labors October 1 ',d h"ve a meeting-house built which [crest Pn rim™ ’-Wh° took a« active ini shall bo called a Baptist Meeting-ncmse f n tbe missionary work in Philadel- and the deed for lot be taken in T ’ p iia, was appointed in March, 1826, an agent ot the Baptist Church of Blockley 'in I of the society, and afterwards planned the theeounty of Philadelphia.” On May’29 ' Pennsylvania State Missionary S&Jcty which isot Sixteen constituent members met or’ 1 1830 s°™‘,Zed ln,the Blockley Church. In gamzed themselves as a regular Baptist 18.10 several members went out from this church to help organize a Baptist church in

Srt 7of01philiP, Tl alS° °De in the western , , Phl|acIelphia. After serving thrii church for between seven and eight vc-im during which time 128 were received bv ban l iT,lafdlVby l6tter’ Dr' Uennard tendered his Resignation in order to devote himself m °“heState B^sio„ary Soci™ 1°

AugusTof that year.enteied °U his daties in

December 1S6’thar; TuCker ref;i?ned, and in ioecember ot that, year the Rev. Jesse P Hampson was called to the pastorate but ber^m- mouths be resignod. On Decem- Ithe Rev j’,T ^,,mous ,ca11 "'as given to | .'iimiarjJanuanri 1, ms.in Inr Mayv’ wbo of thatturned year chargeseven of the members were dismissed to join with others in forming the Baptist Church a? Fa is uarv X “n t Mr- AV°°isey resigned in Jan! j uaiy, 1810, and appears to have been sue 1 ceeded by the Rev. Silas C. James who re' signed m January, 1841 and went tr, <1°

afte” hI°^ok “tS REV. S. W. STEVENS. and repairs were made to the church His ministry extended only to April 7th ]S!- Rutter1’ TheenubBcSPaSt0r the Rev' John On July 20th, of that year, 23 members were was held JuneP3d „,,dSen’lceT of recognition .

Sbanyb W“‘ ^hlladelphto ' („0V 12

nf°TT^nnUary 23)1845’the Rev. John J. Baker of Hatboro, was elected Pastor, and entered at once upon the discharge of his duties III i res gned February 22, 1850, and the Rev j V ' taiiSpiew houses, thS pool L f Were, very Jaanuary IarvTTr 1, 18ol. CHew hlsremained labors untilas PastorApril T Pnn, °n;Tauuary 1- 18-54, the Rev. William T. Bunker, late of the White Deer Baptist Brst deacons were chosen, and on Seb ’l fh , Church, was Installed as Pastor. In Ap^ of | that year a committee was appointed to ' teSiSLir11,w to report some plan for the etecUon of a new meeting house. The old build-f Per ri ny[,niri' ”iifiVi,i|,iiTiVl,i' ^n1- ng was torn ;down and a new 011c erected on the same’site, was dedicated Jan’ uary 1, 1856. The debt »Pon the ehurch a the time was 82850, but by August is77 t sssass ^-3=s. was reduced to .$1382 -It. A^reaWavi work, but at the expRarion of thc°Wn °f hls place in the autumn and winter of 1858 and until January 1, ISIS thpchnrJ^6 Jear and oa October 24, 1330, the Rev. Mr. Bunker m e by supplies. On that date inn' 'yaS served sented his resignation. The Rev. J r, ! „ was given to the Rev Phati S mous caU lass became his successor February '1 i s a he entered on h?s duties The and and, after a brief stay of 18 months, resigned meeting held May l3 0f thntT”’tes of a July 17 1862 The Rev. w. II. H. Mar h of the engagement * of the Lower Providence, succeeded to the pastorate ! E. Ashton of thp ±?e Rev* William on the following January. He remained for i , Under his ministry he chumhlr Chur,ch- two jeais and six months, after which he I such an extent that the searing f 3grefsed to went to the Second Church, of Wilmington, j The More Recent Pastors ruaryem8rgeTheflPUt,tin" In Feb-' cSrpreach X * - ^h® I!ev- fai.nes E- Wilson beca me Pastor m October, I860, and in January, 1866 a liouse on the opposite side of Fifty-third street™” pi- purchased as a parsonage. Mr. Wilson after serving the cTuu-fifTToTTnT-cc years, mifTi^r, ) Htany, the ReV. Charles A. Maison, ,D. D., and in the following November the Itov.M. assisted by the Rector; celebration of the S. Goodno, of Geneva, N; T., was called Holy Communion and anniversary sermon May 16 1872, 26 of the active workers of the by the Right Rev. O. W. Whitaker, D. D., church'were dismissed to join in the forma¬ Bishop of the diocese; 2.30 P. M., children's tion of the Mantua Baptist Church. service, addresses by the Assistant Sunday- During the summer of that year the Sun- , school Superintendent, Charles H. Bardsley, dav school room was renovated, papered and i and the Rector; 7.30 P. M.t evening prayer, minted. The 50t,h anniversary of the 1 hi.a- sermon by the Rev. Professor L. W. Batten, delphia Conference of Baptist Ministers w as , Ph. D., of the Philadelphia Divinity School. held in this church in 1874. Mr. Gooc.no re¬ The offerings at all the services will be for im¬ mained for six and a half years, and on Sep¬ provements to the church property. tember 2, 1875, the Rev. C. €. Jones, of Ohio On Monday evening, April 18, 1859, a reli¬ was called to the pastorate for one year. At gious service was held by the Rev, C. A, the next annual meeting of the church he was Maison, Rector of St. James’s Church. Klng- elected as the regular Pastor. He sereied sessing, In the house of Mr. Joseph Whiteley, his connection with the church Icbru- at Cardington, Delaware county. Some SO i 1879 The church was witnout a persons were present, all using Church of Pastor for live months, when Mr. England Prayer Books, as it was a mill dis¬ Jones was again chosen. In January, 18SL, trict inhabited almost entirely by English 17 were dismissed to assist in the formation people. Occasional services were conducted of the Powelton Avenue Church. 1 he Hebron^ by the same clergyman In the same place I Cliurcn also axiOTiTTTnis time received its con- until .Tune, 1866. Then, for a brief period, , stituency from Blockley. Mr. Jones was, in the services were held in the chapel of the February, 1882, dismissed by letter to the Burd Orphan Asylum, until, after a consider¬ Powelton Avenue Church, and, after a lapse able intermission. they were resumed by Mr. i of seven months, the Rev. Edwin H. Bronson Maison In a small school building at Card¬ J accepted the call. In 1883 the church was ington. where they were continued until the I again renovated throughout. Mr. Bronson end of 1870. I died .Tune 9, 1889, and the Kev. W. E. Staub, On Sunday, January 20th, 1869, a parish was of the Second Church, Norristown, took organized under the name of St, George’s charge In February, 1890. He resigned March Church,Philadelphia,and ground wosbrolcen j 7, 1894, to accept a call to the First Church of for the erection of a church on St. George’s ! Elizabeth, N. J. the pulpit was vacant onlyj Day, April 23d, 1870, eight lots at the south¬ five weeks, when the church selected the pres¬ west corner of Sixty-first street and Hazel ent incumbent, the Rev. Sumner W. Stevens, avenue having been donated for the purpose an assistant at the Judson Memorial Church, by Henry’s Henry, Esq., a neighboring mill New York city. owner. On June 4th of that year the corner¬ In April, 1893, it. was decided to build a new stone was laid In the presence of a large as¬ church, and a committee of eleven was ap¬ sembly by Bishop Stevens, who also made an pointed to collect funds. The new building address, as did the Rev. E. A. Hoffman, ! is not to exceed $20,000 in cost when finished. D. D.. and the Rev. C. A. Maison. The work Sketch of the Pastor. on the new church, a handsome stone struct¬ The present Pastor of the Blockley Baptist ure. was so vigorously prosecuted that the Church, the Rev. Sumner W. Stevens, is of building was ready for use on January 1st,; missionary parentage and was born in Bur- 1871. when divine service was read by the: mah. He graduated from the University of Rector, Mr. Maison, and the sermon was Rochester, N. Y., in 1881, and three years preached by the Right Rev. Bishop Stevens, j later from the Rochester Theological Semi¬ The Rev. Mr. Maison was succeeded in No¬ nary. The first charge of Mr. Stevens was at vember, 1872, by the Rev. J. H. B. Brooks, Fargo, N. Dak., where he remained three who resigned in August, 1873, having.served years. His next pastorate was in Newport, In the parish for two years and seven months R, I., where he was settled four years. lie as lay reader, deacon and Priest, then went to the assistance of the Rev. Ed¬ Mr. Brooks was succeeded by the Rev. Wily, ward Judson, D. D., Pastor of the Judson !iam C. Cooley, and the latter by the Rev. S.» Memorial Baptist Church, New York city, H. Phillips, during whose ministry the Sun¬ from which place he came to assume charge! day-school building was erected. The next; of the Blockley Baptist Church about a year Minister in charge was the Rev. A. G. Baker, and a half ago. During the present, pastorate! Who resigned November 8, 1878. nearly 70 have been received into the fellow¬ A Time of Trouble. ship of the church, over half the number At the time of the church’s erection in 1870, having come in on profession of faith by bap¬ the property had been mortgaged to the ex-: tism. tent of 86000. and in November. 1878, the ' mortgage was foreclosed, and the church ITS SILVER JUBILEE. building advertised for sale by the Sheriff. The amount of the mortgage was raised,! however, principally by private subscription, largely through the exertions of Mr. Hugh ANNIVERSARY OF ST. GEORGE’S EPIS¬ "Whiteley, then one of St, George’s church COPAL CHURCH, WEST PHILADELPHIA. wardens. The members of the congregation . also freely contributed according to their1’ ability, and the final payment was made and the property saved in January, 1879. On the Historical Sketch of the Parish-The Many 26th of that month, a “service of praise and * Vicissitudes Through Which it Has Safely thanksgiving' ’ was held, and Bishop Stevens; . Passed. ___ consecrated the church on the following! | Easter Monday. The silver anniversary of St. George’s For six months, beginning in November, 1878, Mr. A. D. Heffern acted as lay reader, and was succeeded by the Rev. N. F. Robin-: 6on as Rector in August, 1879. In Septem-' observed on Sunday next, the services tang ber, 1881, the Rev. Gideon J. Burton, Warden as follows: 10.30 A. M., morning pra> er and of the Burd Orphan Asylum, accepted a call! | *? •Rector of 8t. George’s In addition to his The Vestry of St. George's Church is con¬ i ot her duties. He served for over six years stituted ns follows: William H. Lees, Ac¬ without salary, finallyresigning in Novem¬ counting Warden; Richard S. Griffith, Rec¬ ber, 1887. During his Rectorship the church tor’s Warden; Thomas H. Mudge, William I 'v'ras made a free church, and under the di¬ Pendlebury, Henry Clough, Isaac T. Brear- rection of the late Mrs. Burton a sale of fancy ley, H. W. Friday, James Greenwood. articles was held at the Burd Asylum, from Which more than 8600 was realized. This was the nucleus of a rectory fund. The sum o[ *500 was afterwards contributed by the So¬ ciety for the Advancement of Christianity in Pennsylvania, and 8300 by the Board of Dio¬ From,: O/U^ cesan Missions. These sums were added to by the untiring labors of a parish organiza- tion known as the Rectory Fund Society until 83400 was secured, and the rectory was completed in October, 1887. During his Rectorship Mr. Burton had as assistants in the parish work the Revs Date, Fletcher Clark and Loring W. Batten, and u lf£ ! tae following gentlemen as lay-readers all or whom are now in the ministry: II B Bryan, W. H. Bown, Charles M. Hall and C.‘ W. Boyd. The Rev. Mr. Batten, who was Mr. Burton s latest assistant and most ac¬ BATTLE OF PRINCETON. tive supporter in the work of building the rectory, succeeded him as Rector in Novem¬ Sons of the Revolution Celebrate the ber 1887, and remained in that position until Event at St. Peter’s Church. September, 1890. In 1888 he had been chosen The venerable aisles of old St. Peter's as instructor of Hebrew in the Philadelphia Di\inity School, and for two years bad suc¬ Church, at Third and Pine Streets, re¬ cessfully carried on the double work but sounded yesterday afternoon with the when he was called in 1800 to the new Profes¬ martial tread of the Pennsylvania So¬ sorship of the English Bible, and to be Rec¬ ciety of the Sons of the Revolution, tor of the Divinity School Chapel as well, he! gathered there to celebrate the one felt constrained to resign the position at St. ! hundred and nineteenth anniversary of George s. During Mr. Batten’s Ministry ' the Battle of Princeton, one of the im¬ 88oO was contributed by friendly churches and Individuals outside, as well as by the efforts portant battles of the war of the Revo¬ of the parishioners themselves, and a third lution, and to participate in the dedica¬ etory was added to the Rectory. tion of a beautiful mural tablet, erect¬ ed in the church to the memory of Cap¬ Visited by Fire. tain William Shippen, of the marine Professor Batten was succeeded by the Rev. service. |B. Lord Gilberson, the present Rector of St The members of the society gathered j James’s Church, Kingsessing, and Secretary in the old State House, and at 3.30 of the W est Philadelphia Convocation He o’clock marched to the church, where |was at St. George’s from September, 1890 they listened to a sermon by the socie¬ luntn May, 1892 when he resigned to accept ty’s chaplain, Rev. George Woolsey the position of Assistant Rector of the Hodge, that teemed with the patriotic [Church of the Saviour, West Philadelphia. spirit of ’76. He spoke in glowing terms During his ministry, St, George’s Church of Captain Shlppep and what he did at bought four additional lots for parish pur¬ Princeton, The tablet which was then un¬ poses on the northwest corner of Sixtv-first veiled is very beautiful in design and streets, and an infant Sunday- workmanship, and bears on its face the school building was erected. Many improve¬ following inscription:— ments were also made in heating church Sunday schools and rectory. On the evening “In the Churchyard Jof B eln uary 23d, 1892, fire broke out in the adjoining this Cnurch rectory and partially destroyed the third are buried the remains of etory. The house was also damaged by CAPTAIN WILLIAM SHIPPIN, uater, and the total loss was .?900, covered bv who was killed at the Insurance. Mr. Gilberson lost his entire BATTLE OF PRINCETON, January 3, 1777, aged 26 years. library, but by the aid of the congregation THIS TABLET and members of the clergy he was able to re¬ is erected to his memory by the place a large part of it PENNSYLVANIA SOCIETY In June, 1892, the Rev. Charles W. Bovd OF formerly a lay reader in the parish was SONS OF THE REVOLUTION, called to be Minister in charge, and entered A. D. 1696.” Upon his duties the Is t of July foliowing. He It was arranged and put in place by remained until March 1st, 1894. The present the Committee on Monuments and Me¬ fne,^°r’ 1™ Rr?V- FVank Pinkney Clark, was morials, consisting of Charles Henry Ca,r,e.d St* George’s in the summer of 1894. Jones, chairman; Samuel W. Pennypack- Fallen*11811 ?ar!Sb’ composed principally of er, William Wayne. Washington Bleddyn English people, has experienced many vicis- Powell, Frank Willing Leach, William situdes and once at least., was threatened James Latta, .Joseph Trowbridge Bailey and William Spohn Baker. bUt the Pai-ishloners’ warm feeling of aflectlon for their church, named ilHl* a.ter the patron saint of “Old England ” has won t hem friends and help from without, and to-day, with no debton the church pro- perty, people and Pastor hopefully look for¬ ward to a bright and successful future. =fv 'JBT Children. Bv order of the Managers. Philadelphia, November 11, 1797.” In X] those davs the captains of vessels bring- ving letters to the various ports of the: Vnited States were paid one penny for > From, . efcch letter so carried. Many of the captains turned over the money thus rc-| ceived to the society mentioned in tha, fJtiJLju-'Hr*. | old poster ■0*

Date, Fi'om, ...C

INDEPENDENCE HALL DAMAGES. [ cvCf- ‘ i f

Philosophical Society Will Be a Heavy Claimunt, it Displaced. I Bate, ^21, tt . The proposed restoration of Indepen- | dence Hall authorized by a recent act of Legislature, which may ^necessitate the removal of all buildings from Inde-[ pendence Square except the hall proper, will be a costly operation. The building of the American Philosophical Society METHODISTS will probably have to be condemned, and the society will make a big claim for damages. i NEW CHAPEL TO BE DEDICATED NEXT The American Philosophical Society was chartered in 1743 with Benjamin SUNDAY. Franklin ns president, and about the year 17S0 its members secured a grant from the Legislature giving them the the ®“^ding—Historical use of rhe ground, which they occupy, Sketc.1 Of the Society Some of the Pastors iu perpetuity. About ten years later Services for the Week. they erected a two-story bidding on the site, which has since received the addi¬ tion of another story and a geiferal reno¬ vation. S"n(,fty afternoon, at half past 2 The society is supported by the income which YhG b®autiful and commodlus chapel, from invested funds and by the rent ! ,bas been added to the Milestown derived from the letting of rooms on Methodist Episcopal Church, Oak Lane, will the first floor of their building, and if YYYateCl by Bish°P Foss and Presiding the structure is torn down, the organiza¬ Elder Thomas. The church, which is situ tion will certainly insist upon being re¬ fited on the picturesque Old York road is an imbursed for its loss, as well as the loss attractive edifice, and was built during the of the use of the ground for years to como. year 1S79? ^ ReV‘ WlU‘ Mullen> & the j The society, as well as its old home, baTckYomT7w0n thlf Mcthod,st society runs I has quite a history. Its early meetings nack to 18ol, when donah Wentz, now livin- I were held in Benjamin Franklin’s house, and it numbered among, its members iiomthcfromethen St.irJn Jamesenfge ZlChurch, 90 years Olnev- ™ and ov£-es such men as Robert Morris, David Rit- tenhouse and Casper Wister. Thomas Jefferson was president of the ^rr^rsst x American Philosophical Society when or ..jess; sr,” *u5’s’ he held office as President of the United States. In its 152 years the society ribas accumulated a library of 50.000, In the year-1832 the Germantown circuit ^dume? and a valuable museum. was formed, and the new church was made •one of the preaching places. Among the f A reminder of the early days of the Pastors who served the circuit are the well- postal service was unearthed a few days known names of John Finley, John Woolson, ago 'tnl the cellar of a warehouse on W. W. Foulk, David Daily and Caleb Lip¬ Delaware avenue, near Spruce street. pi ncott, whose pastorate was signalized by a One of the tenants of the building while famous revival. searching about the cellar for a strip After 10 years the Germantown Church was of board to mend a chair came upon a made a station, and from that time to 18(34 long, worm-eaten plank. Upon the under the churches went under the name of the side of it a printed poster was pasted. Milestown Circuit, including Milestown, The paper, which was in a fair state of Gluey and Harmer Hill. When this circuit preservation, bore this announcement: was divided the central church was called ‘‘The Commanders of Vessels entering the Milestown Methodist Episcopal Meeting the Port of Philadelphia are hereby in¬ House, and for many years its ministers and formed that any Letter-Money which congregation have exerted a wide influence they may think proper to leave in the over the extreme northern part of the city. hands of the Post-Master will be paid It was in 1879 that, the plain, Quaker-like by him to the Treasurer of the Society building was found to be unequal to the in¬ creasing demands of the growing congrega¬ for the Relief of poor and distressed tion and Sabbath school. Samuel Morton Masters of Ships, their Widows and - * MILESTOWN M. E. CHAPEL

lied the enterprise; and at the close of the The exercises will continue 'for two weeks, next year the handsome gray stone edifice with sermons and addresses by the following •which now stands on York road was built named: The Rev. Wallace MacMullen,Pastor and paid for. It was connected with the old tof Grace Church; the Rev. George Elliott, D. church building by folding doors, giving the T)., Pastor of the Spring Garden Church: the effect of church and chapel combined. Rev. T. B. Neely, D. I)., Pastor of the Union Church; the Rev. Wra. M. Swindells, editor After 16 years the increasing population and 'of the Philadelphia Methodist; the Rev. 0. M. enlargement of membership has made it Roswell, the Rev. J. G. Bickerton, the Rev. necessary to again add to the accommoda¬ V. E. Rorer and the Rev. A. G. Kynett. tions of the church by the erection of a modern Ichapel on the ground occupied by the old church. Mr. Jacoby, of Allentown, furnished the plan of the new building, which is built of gray stone to match the church. All the appurtenances of an institutional church arc found in the new chapel. Besides the spacious lecture room there is a church parlor, an in¬ fant room, two large class rooms, a’library room, a dining hall and kitchen. The whole Building Is heated by a combination of steam land hot air, and all the rooms are brilliantly, lighted by electricity. The cost of the build¬ ing and furnishings is about$ll,009»and nearly jail of that amount is provided for. j The Milestown Church is among the oldest of Methodism in this part of the State, and yet it is continually adding to its strength At t he present time there are 175 full members ton the church roll and more than 200 scholars in the Sabbath school. The Pastor. The Pastor of the church, the Rev. W H Lindemuth, was appointed to this pastorate by Bishop E. G. Andrews in March, IS!)-! He Is a graduate of Wesleyan University in the plass of 1886, and also of Brew Theological Seminary. He has served successfully three churches in the Philadelphia Conference namely, St. Luke’s, this city; Morton, Dela- . ware county, and his present charge, which has added much to its strength and efficiency during his pastorate. .The Dedication. At the dedication services to-morrow |Bisbop Cyrus D. Foss will preach the sermon I at 10.30 A. M., and at 3 P. M. Dr. R E Thompson, President of the Boys’ Hi»h School, will deliver an address, after which the building will be formally opened for Di¬ vine worship. The Rev. L.W. Thomas, Pre¬ siding Elder, will preach in the evening.

' TOLL GATE AT THORP’S LANE ON THE CHESTNUT HILL AND SPRINGHOUSE PIKE.

THE ld Toll Gc&te

IT HAS PLAYED AN IMPORTANT PART IN MAINTAINING GOOD TURNPIKES—MODERN TOLL GATES ON OLD YORK ROAD. with other matters or unwilling for reasons of their own to consider the question of abol¬ Some years ago a movement was started to ishing these quaint old toll gates, by author¬ free all the old turnpikes that for so many izing the purchase of the companies’ interest years have existed within the city limits, in the turnpike roads, or to condemn them. hut the experience in the case of the Ken¬ It is not likely that condemnation proceed¬ sington and Oxford turnpike, when a ings will ever be resorted to, as the last shrewd attorney in the case managed to case where a turnpike was freed in that way make a small fortune by his fees and accom- f resulted in so much adverse criticism that it plished nothing, seems to have effectually appears to have had the effect of scaring our stopped the movement, for since that time municipal fathers from further efforts along no general effort has been made to get rid the same line. of the toll gates that still remain within the Viewed from one standpoint the old toll jurisdiction of Philadelphia. gates are no doubt a relic of a past age, The chief of the Bureau of Highways. remnants of a time in our country’s history, Thomas L. Hicks, is very emphatic in his which has long since become a matter of opinion that the old toll gates should be record. No doubt they are annoying at times abolished, and he has put himself on record to the traveling public and to the enterpris¬ as being in favor of freeing all the roads now ing swift riding bicyclists, anxious to make owned by private corporations. The Coun¬ time, who are obliged to stop every few cils, with whom the matter rests, however, miles, where the warning sign is presented up to the present moment have been too busy to their gaze: “Step and pay toll,” and it * ■*' ' ' _ fpi 4

I certainly would be much more agreeable fo to the Thirty-second, Twenty-third, Thirty- be able to drive your horse or wheel along Jfourth and Thirty-fifth wards. Probably the (undisturbed by the sight of the toll gate, [most important of these highways is the i But there is another way of looking at it.' old York road. On this road there are four Those old turnpike roads leading into the city (toll gates within the city limits, the first from various directions are of immense im¬ rat Hunting Park, then comes the gates at portance to the traveling public, and to be Olney road, Haines street and the County J enjoyed to the full they must be kept in good line. (condition. The Limekiln pike, running through the The importance of good roads has never northeastern part of the Twenty-second (been so thoroughly appreciated or as much ward, and a favorite highway for the travel¬ considered as at the present time, since bi- ing public, has two toll gates within the ; cycling has become such a popular and al¬ city limits. It starts at Mill street about most universal pastime with young and old, two squares west of the old York road, and

runs to the county line, passing the Na¬ rich and poor alike. With the condition in tional Cemetery. The first toll gate is at which the majority of the turnpike roads are Plaines street, and the other just above kept, as for instance, the Old York Road and [Washington lane. the Baltimore Pike, there certainly can be no The Chestnut Hill and Spring house turn- jcomplaint, but if the toll gates along these I pike in the northwestern corner of the roads were abolished to the county limits, ward, runs for a short distance along the and the roads kept up and in condition by edge of the city. One toll house is at (the municipal authorities, it is very doubtful Thorp's lane. whether they would long remain as enjoy¬ The Thirty-fifth ward has the most ex¬ able for a pleasant spin on a wheel or an af¬ tensive system of toll roads. The old Bus- ternoon drive behind a fast trotter, as they 1 tleton turnpike starts at Frankford road are at the present moment. and Bridge street, in Frankford, and, run¬ If the time has arrived at last for the do¬ ning to Busteton, is continued from there to ing away with the old toll gates it has only Summerton, as the Summerton pike. The recently come, since for years if these roads Byberry and Bustleton turnpike branches had not been turnpikes they would have been off from the Summerton pike, just above the at least whenever the weather was bad Bustleton turnpike, and runs to the Bucks rough and almost impassable highways. The county line. history of the old turnpike roads, with their In Frankford, at Frankford road and Mar- quaint and picturesque toll gates, is an ex¬ garetta street, the Oxford turnpike begins, ceedingly interesting one, and while at the running through the built-up portion of the present time the toll gate may now be consid¬ i Twenty-third ward, it continues through the ered an antiquated relic of rural travel and 1 Thirty-fifth ward, joining the Cheltenham a big obstacle to progress, it was years ago and Oxford turnpike just over the county the only thing that stood between good roads line. There are also two toll gates on the and bad ones, and certainly was of greatest Asylum turnpike between Crescentville and assistance in the progress and development Frankford. of the country. The Thirty-fourth has also two toll roads running through it, west of Forty-second i At the present moment, since the freeing street; the old Lancaster pike is a toll road, | of the old Second street pike, the toll gates with a toll house at Fifty-seventh street, within the city limits have been confined ! and at City Line avenue. The old I’itts- 4

burg pike, now known as Montgomery ave¬ ing towards a better means or communica¬ nue, is also a toll road, with a toll gate at tion with the rich farming and agricultural Fifty-third street. district of Lancaster county. A lottery was resorted to in order to reduce the number of shares, and many of the subscribers were Of all the existing turnpike roads near thrown out. The sum of $62,2S0 had been the city, the Lancaster pike is the oldest. paid in on the subscriptions, and the lot¬ The construction of this turnpike road was tery reduced the amount to $30,000. As a an undertaking, which, when it was pro¬ consequence, shares on which $30 had been posed, enlisted the popular interest to a paid on instalments increased in value in a marked degree. Owing to its necessarily few days to $100 each. Work on the rood heavy cost, the Legislature decided that the was soon afterwards commenced, and the State could not afford to undertake the road thus built was the first turnpike con¬ work, accordingly they passed an act which structed in the United States. enabled the Governor to incorporate a com¬ pany for making an artificial road from In December, 1795, the Governor an- the city of Philadelphia to the borough of nouced in his message that the Philadelphia Lancaster. The title of the corporation was the “Philadelphia and Lancaster Turnpike and Lancaster turnpike had been completed, but it was not immediately in good traveling Company.” The road as originally surveyed, order. In May the regular stage commenced extended over the west side of the Schuyl¬ its trips between Philadelphia and Lancas¬ kill opposite Philadelphia, so as to pass over ter in one day for the first time. The first the bridge over the Brandywine, near Down- stage left Lancaster at 5 o’clock in the even¬ Ingtown, thence to Witmer’s, on the Cones¬ ing and reached Philadelphia at 5 o’clock in. toga, thence to the east end of King street, the morning, bringing ten passengers. in Lancaster. Germantown avenue, which is now one of The original prospectus gotten out by the the broadest and best paved streets in Phila¬ Philadelphia and Lancaster Turnpike Com¬ delphia, was originally started as a turnpike pany provided for 1,000 shai’es at $300 each. road. Immediately after the chartering of In May, 1792, the subscription books of the the Lancaster turnpike, the Germantown i company were opened and 2,270 shares were pike was considered. At that time travel ! subscribed, vrell demonstrating the popular between the city and Germantown was very interest that prevailed at that time in the difficult in bad weather. The roads were construction of this road, which was re¬ heavy and full of ruts, which became a garded as a most important movement look¬

TOLL HOUSE ON THE LIME KILN PIKE ABOVE WASHINGTON LANE. slough of mire whenever it rained. In difficult of passage, the pony express was spring especially the way was only passable with the greatest difficulty. Wagons were and P° iCr1Ty inf0Trmation between this city and Baltimore. Later the rumbling mail bemired, stalled and broken, horses were coach took the place of the pony express sprained and weakened by the extraordinary During the late war, when the road had efforts necessary to carry their loads, and such was the bad character of the roads, become a turnpike, and a good one at that at certain periods of the year particularly, residents along it still remember hearing that there was no intercourse between Phila¬ the heavy army vans and supply w'a-ous delphia and Germantown. «CsrPr.rapM,r —» >■» £>*»»"- When the proposition for the turnpike road was brought before the Legislature it met Anything like a history of even the toll with opposition by property-owners along its roads of importance leading into the citv route, who did not desire to pay the tolls, overlooking the smaller pikes, is hardly the subject was consequently delayed until necessary in an attempt to demonstrate the 17!)8, when the Legislature guarauteed a importance in the early days and interest charter to the “President, managers and at the piesent time which these highways company of the Germantown and Heading possess. During the few years after ?he Turnpike Road,” a new avenue was ordered opening of this century, when the people to be commenced at the intersection of Front | hist awoke to the advantages of good roads street with Germantown road, thence 1 the majority of these old turnnikes were through Germantown to the top of Chestnut piojected and laid out, and it was not until Hill, and thence through to Hickorytown, after their advent that Philadelphia began j! the Trappe and Pottstown to Reading, the to enjoy to the full the benefits to be de med from the rich and producUve country road to be sixty feet wide, thirty feet of in her immediate vicinity, as when roads I vvhich was to be an artificial road, paved with wood, stone and gravel. The income nv!,1/ k®!1 and truvel difficult, the farmers ! from the tolls above nine per cent, was di- fn^fti?ed’ rathei‘ thau nm the risk of break- rected to be invested as a fund with which !n° their wagons and laming their horses to sell, or exchange at a sacrifice, their pro’ | to buy off the shares cf the company, and ' when all were bought, it was directed that di.ee to the numerous large country stores I the road should be free. This latter provi¬ which, at that time, abounded in the “ T cultural communities. S sion was carried out to the letter, and as a , consequence, Germantown avenue to-day, thanks largely to the fact of its having been, I As other things, there has been a nm. laid out and kept up for many years as a gress in the architecture of the toll house- turnpike road, is a highway reflecting credit Slc?e crude shanties erected in The on the city. eaily days for the protection of the man J '-The Old York Road, it appears from the who gathered the tolls. The new toll houses records, was possibly in use before the days to be seen along the old York road to-dav 1 of Penn. Tradition states that it was an are pretty buildings, making attractive Indian trail originally, aud became a popu¬ homes, where the toll-keeper resides w th lar road by prescription. At oue time it was his family. Only a few of the old-fashionl i the highway along which the travel to New' oil houses are left on the Tort roa(l pe.. York was directed, but later on it was called haps the best example is the one at Hnnt the Old York Road because a new route to bunding’ “ oId'fashione(1 hip-roof wooden i New York was established by way of the , Frankford and Bristol turnpike to Trenton. The old-fashioned toll gate, composed of a In the early days the York road, which wooden fence that extended partially acrosl 1 has become in the course of time perhaps the the road with a srate which dcros? best road for driving and riding leading to by the keeper in the centre for vehlcfe'sTo Philadelphia, no other highway being quite go through, after the toll had been paid 1 as popular with wheelmen, was for many has neen banished for the more modern years a rough and Impassable highway dur¬ tailroad gate, to be seen at any railroad ing the winter and spring seasons. Indeed, grade crossing, where people are warned t it was not until it was taken hold of by the f ** •* 1 v v V w rj r' - ■ Turnpike Company that it was well paved and properly laid out. It was in March, 1803, that the York road was turned into a turnpike, incorporated as the “Cheltenham and Willow Grove Turnpike Company.” From, /i-tU-CcTJi, ! The route was from the old Rising Sun ; Tavern, now destroyed, through Shoemaker- ] town to the Red Lion Inn on Old York Road : On the same day that the “Cheltenham and ! Willow Grove Turnpike Company” was in¬ I. corporated another company was chartered ; to build a turnpike from Front street i through Frankford and Bustleton to Mor- * Bate, UJr.l. risville Ferry, Bucks county. About this time a petition for a turnpike along the Ridge or Wissahickon road was refused, “because the Germantown turnpike was par¬ allel and only a mile and a half distant.” The old Baltimore pike, now' called Balti¬ OLD PAPERS DISCOVERED more avenue, is another example of the tine old turnpike roads leading to this city. A Carpenter at Work in the Old Senate Chamber The Baltimore pike is one of the oldest ap¬ proaches leading to Philadelphia, and has Brings to Light Interesting Papers. figured prominently in both the wars of the Phe old Senate chamber, in Congress Revolution and the Rebellion. In the ear Hall, at Sixth and Chestnut streets, is be¬ iiest times when the road was rough ing restored to the condition in which it was when General Washington, at the be-

v~ V girining'.of his' sfecbrid term as Chief Execu- tive of the United States, took the oath' of office, in front of the President’s desk. The work is being done under the auspices of the Society of the Colonial Wars, the present occupant of the room. A large force of mechanics are at work and the con¬ tractors expect to Have the work done by the 18th of February. A new floor has been put in. One of the carpenters working in the room, while clearing out a piece of old wainscoting, found some papers yellow with age, and bearing dates of the begin¬ ning of this century, and even earlier. Sev- : eral of them are orders for the payment of small sums, and are dated 1778 and 1779. The most interesting of the collection was one marked on the back as follows: “Re¬ turn of election for Senator of the State in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania for the district composed of the City of Phila¬ delphia, the County of Philadelphia and of Philadelphia the County of Delaware, held at the State House, Philadelphia, 11th October, 1803.” At this election Edward Heston was THE CITY OF BROTHERLY LOVE evidently elected, as he had 1.682 votes. The return is signed by James Sharswood, HAS THREE OF THE MOST AX- Matthew Carey, James Gamble, Lewis CIEXT EDIFICES IX THE Rush, William Stevenson, Joseph Morrell and Stephen Girard. COUXTRY. Another interesting document that was found is a fragment of a playbill for the New Theatre—as the Old Chestnut Street Theatre was then called. The play-house \ A Brief History of the Early Build¬ stood on the ground now occupied by the . ings, with Illustrations. buildings Nos. 603 to 609 Chestnut street. I The playbill was for Monday evening,March 31, 1806, the play being “Coriolanus.” The part of Coriolanus was taken by Mr. Coo¬ Few of the many strollers from the per, who was announced for a farewell bene¬ city who roam along the Darby road fit. and pass the old group of church build¬ In those days Thomas Apthorpe Cooper, ings at Seventieth and Woodland ave¬ who was an English actor, was the star tragedian in the United States, although nue, now known as St. James’ P. E. whenever he appeared on the London stage Church and graveyard, are fully he was violently hissed. Before the coming aware of the history attached to this of the elder Booth, Edmund Kean and Ma- old and sacred spot. The history of cready, his sway was undisputed. His daughter married a son of President Tyler, the entire group of buildings dates and during his administration she did the back to the period of the old Swedes' honors of the White House. After retiring settlement in this country, early in from the stage. Cooper became Surveyor of last century. The church in its quaint the Port of Philadelphia, and finally went to Bristol, where he died in 1843. old style of architecture refers one Some of the names in the cast will be back to ancient Philadelphia. All the read with interest. Lartius and Cominius buildings are in an excellent state of were played by Warren and Wood, respec¬ preservation, and_are the oldest build- L tively, who, at that time, were the man¬ ings, probably, standing in West PhiL agers,’ Young Marclus was acted by Mas¬ ter J. Jefferson, the father of the present adelphia. The first Swedish settle¬ veteran actor, Joseph Jefferson, and the ment in this country was made in 1626 Mrs. Jefferson, who was the. Valeria of the when a charter was granted a colony i night, was no other than Joseph Jeffer- of emigrants by King Gustavus. The sons’ grandmother. When the building was erected a gallery first party of emigrants settled on the was built along the north side of the room, Delaware River, near Wilmington, but this was torn away when the place was where they built Fort Christina, with fitted up for Common Pleas Court No. 2. A a church within its inclosure. In 1643 gallery like the original one is now being built in the same position. The walls will Governor John Printz built the “hem¬ be painted a cream color and the ceiling lock log fort” on Tinicum Island, and | light blue. Those are the original colors. In brought over to this country Rev. time the lower part of the building will be John Campanius. restored to its old-time furnishings.

In 1646 the first Lutheran Cburclj was built on this continent on Tinicum Island. Both these churches did con¬ siderable work in the civilizing and educating of Indians. The settlement spread and a new church known as the Wicaco Church, OLD SWEDES CHAPEL, NOW ST JAMES SUNDAY SCHOOL.

| was erected in Philadelphia in 167' building forms the southwestern wing which stood near Front and Christiai I of the present church. On March 2i>, streets This old church had looi 1762, the site was conveyed by Andrew holes qf defense, and the congregation Justis, to Henry M. Muhlenberg, Jas. brought firearms with them for de I Coultas, William Boon, Zach Cocks, fense and also to shoot what gam< ! Ephrath Ellis, Matthias. Mitchillis, they might meet on the road. An at George Morton, Andrew Urian, .Swan tack was once made on the settlemem Culin, and John Faler for George by the Indians during the absence cl | Grantham and Seth Thomas. The plot /the men. The women fled to this old , contained three acres of land for a church and kept the Indians at bay I Lutheran Church, thereafter to be with boiling soap, which was one of erected and officiated and served in the the manufacturers of the settlers t English tongue by the Swedish Luth- *n the settlement moved'and j. eran ministers at Wicaco. The prop¬ extended down as far as Point Breeze erty was held by Rev. H. Muhlen- when a further tract of ground was 1 berg.^with his associates, until October secured for a church, which was af ; 17, 1765, when the trustees conveyed tTerwa^dserectedancl dedicated on j the ground to the United Vestry etc., Julj 1.00, as the Gloria Dei Churrh of the Swedish Churches of Gloria Dei, now known as “Old Swedes’ ChurehJ: Churst Church arid St. James. Steps were taken about 1760 for t On September 25, 1765, Lieutenant- formation of new parishes, one Governor John Penn, by charter in¬ which was that at Kingsessing Ti corporated the United Churches of Glo¬ church was named St. James and 1 ria Dei, St. James and Christ Church, on the southeastern side of the ro which latter was situate in Upper leading to Darby, not far from t Merion. During the periods of the old Blue Bell Tavern.* 1 The orTgin Revolution the whole incorporation of _ OLD SWEDES CHURCH, NOW ST. JAMES P. R- the Swedish Churches weakened andj '.-pfj not until 1783, when peace was declar¬ ed, did the \ state of matters in the Swedish settlement Improve. During the Revolution Wicaco escaped an¬ noyance except during the short pe- r • . From, riod when the contest was carried on upon the Delaware River between the! American vessels and the British fleet. | The building was within the British lines and protected. The Church , of St. James at Kingsessing must have been greatly disturbed as it was some¬ Date, /2-6 /W* ^ times within Britsh control and some¬ times within the power of the Amer¬ icans.

The old Gloria Dei Church is one of the sacred relics of Colonial days. It was a place of historical as well as ecclestical interest and it is now 184 THE ADVENT years since the building was dedicat¬ ed. In the old cemetery sleep many of the pioneers who landed in this country with Printz and listened to the preaching of Campanlus. All these j Of the Steam Fire Engine l churches have had much to do with | the early settlement of the Swedes in this country and to them has been traced much of the, civilization .of the Indian tribes. The Two First in Us© Made in In the churchyard that surrounds St. James sleep many of the original set¬ This City. tlers of that early colony. The build¬ ings passed into the hands of the.Epls+ copal Church, many years ago, but the .name St. James of Kingsessingr was never obliterated, as it bore much, Dismal Failures in Their Trials on the ancient history of the church.) at Philadelphia.

How the Quaker City Volunteers r ing try cocks, and what the French would Won a Victory and Were Corre¬ call her “tout ensemble,” were most Im¬ spondingly Happy. pressive. At length a stream began to flow from her nozzle, and the “chew, chew, chew,” of her "escapes,” began to grow so 1 rapid that it was seen that she was doing Steam fire engines are so common nowa¬ her best. At first the crowd would not be¬ days that It seems hardly credible that 1, lieve that her engineer was not “holding ' who haven't gray hair In my head, can re- j her back” and deceiving them for her member distinctly when the first one was j stream, though a good solid Inch and a half brought to Philadelphia, where I was a1 one, broke before it reached 200 feet, and

schoolboy at the time. This machine waa i was only foamy spray at 230. By this time built In Cincinnati, which, by the "way, was the Greenwood was rocking and panting on the first city In America to adopt a paid fire her springs like a freight locomotive haul¬ department, and was the Invention of A. I ing a heavy train, and that she was doing . B. Latta. It got Its name. Miles Green¬ her “level best” was shown by the fact wood, from that of the then leading manu- /. that she was blowing off blue steam ! facturer of the Queen City. Latta wasn't^.- through her safety valve. Oh, how disap¬ 1 the Inventor of steam fire engines any mor' pointed were the friends of the steamer, than Robert Fulton was of the steambos and how delighted were the volunteer boys ] A steam fire engine was used at the great who “killed for Keyser an’ ran wid de ma¬ | fire of the Harper Brothers’ publishing chine.” house. In New York In 1841. It was a very i THE VOLUNTEERS WERE HAPPY. i heavy, cumbersome affair, and hard to keep The boys didn’t want steam to 'take the | In order,- besides It couldn’t vote. For the place of human muscle as the motor of fire latter reason it wasn’t favorably received engines, and because the Greenwood hadn’t by the powers that were in those days. come up to their wildly extravagant Ideas Latta’s first engine was a ponderous affair. they were deliriously happy. The Green¬ It weighed about six tons, and had three wood was taken to New York, where she wheels, two behind and one in front, which met an equally chilly welcome from its red-

' was on a pivot, and used to steer with, as shirted volunteer fire laddies. j well as to carry the front end of the ma¬ The year following the Greenwood’s visit chine. It had two steam cylinders which i‘ another Cincinnati steam engine was sent not only operated the water pumps but by to Philadelphia. She was called the Young the use of piston and connecting rods America, and was built by Abel Shawk, helped to drive the engine going to and re¬ who had been the "Co.” of A. B. Latta & turning from fires. Co. He and Latta had quarreled and he The Miles Greenwood sent to the East on had built the Young America. Her trial an exhibiting tour by her builders was took place on Arch street. In front of the much lighter than the two first engines I Presbyterian Church, near Eleventh street. built for Cincinnati, which were called the ! Two of the crack hand engines of the city Citizens’ Gift and Uncle Joe Rosa The were the Diligent and the Weccacoe. first named was so called because she was It was determined to pit them against the purchased by citizens and presented to the steamer, and hundreds of firemen volun¬ city. The other was named in compliment teered to “man the brakes” and “pump her to a famous old Cincinnati Councilman. up and shake her down lively, boys,” for , A NOTED EXHIBITION. I the honor of the volunteer department. Not only was the Miles Greenwood lighter The Diligent was the first engine test¬ than her predecessors, but she had no ed. She had been built by the famous Pat methods of steam propulsion, but was drawn i Lyons and was his masterpiece. The school¬ j by a team of four horses. It was mid¬ boys of “Phllly” then had a tradition that winter when she arrived In Philadelphia, Lyons on his deathbed had solemnly said: and the day set for her display trial was "If any man ever builds an engine that bitter cold. There was a large open apace beats the Dllly I’ll come back from the at the foot of Dock street then, and it was grave and build one that the devil himself the place selected for her trial. She had to ; can’t beat.” They not only had this tradi¬ draw her water from the Delaware River. tion, but 'they believed it. Well, the Dllly i never did better than she did that day. She Fully 5,000 people braved the zero weather i sent a stream far higher than the church to see the new-fangled “fire engine,” as the clock. I think it was estimated that she boys called it, ’‘squirt." The most extrava¬ threw her topmost spray fully 185 feet up Into the air. gant ideas of her power to force water were After the Dilly had “done her pret¬ entertained, and the crowd gave her two tiest,” the Young America was put to squares of room. This was, I think, the the test. Through her stream was much thicker than the D'illy’s, it could not be winter of 1851-2. There was no perform¬ forced as 'high as that of Pat Lyon’s pet, ance on the day originally appointed, be¬ and the cheers that hailed the steamer’s cause the water froze In the hose. discomfiture could be heard at Lemon Hill or League Island. The “cold wave,” as we would call it When the steamer’s test was over, the nowadays, passed off in a few days, and hand engine Weecaooe, was drawn to the then the Greenwood, was given her front of the church and her brakes were manned by a fine lot of brawny fellows. chance to show what she could do. I shall How they did "jerk her down, boys,’’ to be never forget with what eager Interest the sure. She, too, forced heir stream higher than (lie steamer's, and some of the jubi¬ j assembled throng watched steam being lant hot heads were so delighted that they, raided on her. Her black smoke, her hiss¬ it was rumored, suggested smashing “the oild hot water pot" into smithereens. They came extinct with himself. He is believed, however, to have had relatives in Philadel¬ ;ato&^s Sds^r phia, who died before him. In the same lot • quently she became, X beliereThs n™' ■with the granite tombstone is a tall marble wf th® °??* but 011 account’ of thePpre- judice against her, she was only used alt on« monument bearing the name of Doyley. or two 'mg- fires. She was too btelnd Aside from the romantic history here sug¬ W'leldy, but sfhe was th'© nucleus oif t»he gested, reaching beyond the time of the Nor¬ presemt steam engines of the Quaker PStv man Conquest, this handsome granite tomb¬ Department. Many of t-he men wlm w t stone derives additional interest from the theSfe 3 Youngvn^rf Americaof thewith Greenwood* bittemess Mflin fact that it marks the last resting place of ■ho’^rte ^rts ,towar^ 'them are yot alive the mortal remains of the latest survivor of n^.wd and would laugh With scorn the eldest branch of the noble family -that if now asked to run with a hand machine gave its name to that dainty little article of and work, free gratis for nothing, put'Uml out fires as they did in the days of tB household use and adornment—the d’oyley. D’oyley is the original spelling, and is still ! ' • J. B. M. in use. Doily is a later corruption. This is the story of the origin of the d’oyley. It is well known that when Will¬ iam the Conqueror distributed English lands his followers, he did not always give them outright. Some condition was attached generally military services. In some cases | a sort of quit-rent was demanded. Thus cer-i tain families were required to pay one grain of wheat a year; others, a fresh egg; others a rose etc., in order that the title might neyer pass absolutely from the King. In the case of the d’Ouilly family the rent de¬ manded was a square of linen. Now it can readily be understood how, as a matter of pride, the ladies of the D’Ovlev ,d en

E^nsabDied- DDe0cimberWu ilfifi U<3°lp1h J?’ AitOs their on,y ru^'A^s ^ sfn With difficulty the following in¬ scription can be deciphered upon an ancient and weather beaten marble aA™a M WaisTVeWvem^^ %S ^£ tomb in the graveyard adjoining Old Swedes Church, Philadelphia: Mary, Richard^Peter'an^ilargaret^160110^’ “This Monument Covers the Remains of ALEXANDER WILSON, Author of American Ornithology. From, Jmi- He was born in Renfrewshire, 1 Scotland, On the 6th of July, 1766; Emigrated to the United States In the year 1764, __ MtF-A And died in Philadelphia, . of the Dysentery, On the 23rd August, 1813, Aged 42.’’ Bate, 1 Thus, In this old church yard, rests jin obscurity the mortal remains of .the once famous ornithologist. But few readers have not inspected Wil¬ son’s beautiful book upon the birds ^^TsCHOOL HOUSE BURNED. of America, a work written about eighty years ago, but still considered The Old Building at Paschal Avenue and an undisputed authority, and stand¬ Mud lane Almost Entirely Destroyed. ing foremost among all similar lit- Paschalville lost one of its old land¬ jerature. The -author, as well as the; marks yesterday morning, when the old artist, has his masterpiece; the Amer¬ Paschal School, Paschal Avenue and Mud ican Ornithology was Wilson’s Chef- Lane, was almost destroyed by fire it d’oeuvre, and for that reason, as is was a two-story stone building, about as too often the case, all his minor strong as a fortress, but when it becaml abandoned some time ago as a nlace for writings have, during the course of ! educational purposes the festive tramn years, been ignored and forgotten. m a search for kindling wood tore m”t It is doubtful if this would have been of the windows away, and the place be- the case if Wilson had not written g^rhl° r ave a r.ick,ety appearance. his American Ornithology, as he was , e ,fire- yesterday morning finished a poet of no mean ability, and it is ivvnat the tramps had started in the wav regarding his forgotten poetical career fnd tke tottering walls will pr0b^ I ably be torn down bv order of the and writings that I especially desire of Education. The firemen were quickly to speak in this article. on the scene and prevented the filmed .from spreading to other buildings Thf Alexander Wilson was born at Pais¬ origin of the fire is unknown and ley, in the West of Scotland, in July, ih*nk that it may have been start ‘ 1766, his family were poor, his father ed by tramps who had been smoking being a distiller. Wilson was therefore allowed butt a meagre, common school r ^ education. His first occupation was as a weaver’s apprentice. While engaged at. this work, at the early age of 13 years, he was first visited by the muse, From, and he attempted to describe in song the mountains and streams of his na¬ tive land. He became a friend of Burns, who was then the favorite poet. . Not liking his employment as a weaver he deserted his trade, after serving his regular time, and took to peddling Bate, .. -2..^ upon the public highway, thus acquir¬ ing a disposition for a roving life When 21 years of age he published a little volume called “Poems, Humor¬ ous, Satirical and Serious.” The edi-, ^Lfe^.’0 J J V* "* * ? “m," “ 5jj&* | 11 tion of this book was limited, but more I tlj-an sufficient to supply the meagre illexandeF Wilson, demand for it. Copies nowadays are rare, and rnucih sought after by collec¬ tors.

TbeOrnithologist During the days of great political ex¬ citement in Scotland, caused by the HIE CAME TO PHILADELPHIA WITH¬ French revolution, Wilson took piart, naturally with the working people, his OUT MONEY TO BUY BREAD. arrest for libeling some aristocratic manufacturer soon following' this ac¬ tion. He felt degraded at his sentence, The Man Whose Work is Consid¬ which was to burn his libel at the pub- | < 32 . .£ >> ' ■ : •

THE GRAVE OF ALEXANDER WILSON.

lie cross in his native town, and then “The Solitary Tutor.” Charles Brock¬ march to prison. Therefore he deter¬ ton Brown, the first American novelist mined to leave the country. to arrive at distinction, was a friend In July, 17SM, the poet arrived in the of Wilson’s and a warm admirer of his city of Philadelphia, penniless. But literary labors. At, the time Wilson nothing' daunted, he began after a was teaching-his school Brown was short period of work as weaver, his editing the Idterary Magazine in trade as a peddler, journeying as far Philadelphia. Wilson, at Brown’s re¬ South as Richmond, Va. Returning to quest, contributed many articles to Philadelphia he gave up peddling ana this publication, both prose and 'commenced school teaching in the vi¬ poetry. In 1804 his poem, “The Soli¬ cinity of Frankford; he soon tired of tary Tutor,” upwards of 200 lines in this occupation and started peddling length was published in the Literary Magazine. Doubtless to many read¬ ers the opening verse of tthis poem is known;— ,

“Whoe’er across the Schuylkill’s wind¬ ing tide, Beyond Gray's ferry half a mile has been, Down in a bridge built hollow must have spy’d A neat stone school house on a sloping green. There tufted cedars scattered around are seen. And stipling poplars planted in a row; Some old gray white oaks overhang the scene. Please to look down upon the youth be¬ low, Whose noisy noontide sports no care i nor sorrow know. "Here many a tour the lonely tutor takes, Long known to solitude, his partner Wilson’s Old Schoolhonse. dear. For smiling woods, his empty school for¬ sakes once more, only to return to school At noon, still morn and silent evening teaching in a few months. Upon his clear.” second attempt at teaching he had i. charge of a school house situated in While the poet was teaching in this the old township of Kingsessing, and old school house he made the acquaint¬ in the particular locality known as ance of venerable~ William Bar tram, ; “Leach’s Hollow.” In 1881 this school whose world-famed botanic gardens ; house was demolished. For years be- were close at hand. Quite an intimacy • ! fore it was torn down it was used as a soon existed between these two men of i blacksmith’s shop; and yet in its de- genius. Bartram early observed Wil¬ lapidated condition it was mentioned son s love of natural history, and he ! In the guide books of Philadelphia as fostered and encouraged him in the j a place of historic interest, and it study. It is reported that during the j was frequently visited by curious intimacy with Bartram Wilson be¬ j sight-seers. came attached to the botanist’s niece, but he sacrificed his love for an exact¬ j It was while Wilson was working for ing mistress—Science. his daily bread in this old school I house that he wrote the poem entitled He viewed the varying scenes approach¬ ing nigh. Prepared and watchful (heedless of re¬ pose) I To catch the living manners as they rose; Th’ exploits, fatigues and wonders to rehearse, I In no inglorious or enfeebled verse; i Nor scene, nor character to bring to view Save what fair truth from living Nature drew."

Returning to Philadelphia, Wilson wrote an account of this tour in verse, from which the above is ex¬ tracted. He christened this poem, ‘‘The Foresters.” It is quite lengthy, consisting of about 100 verses. With¬ out doubt, the author expended con¬ siderable literary labor upon this work, and although it contains some halting lines, it abounds in quaint conceptions and touches of genius. “The Foresters” has been considered by the admirers of Wilson his best and greatest poetical work, and he is reputed to have been proud of the production, in marked contrast to his estimation of his earlier poetical Alexander Wilson, from n Drawing works, of which he was ashamed. It in the possession of tUe Academy is bibliographically interesting to note of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia. the different editions of this poem, as although no less than six editions In October, 1804. the ornithologist have been published they are all set out for a pedestrian journey across scarce now. Pennsylvania and through the Alle- In the August number of the Lit¬ I ghenies to Niagara Falls. Two friends erary Magazine, Vol. 4, published in accompanied him. The party he de¬ 1805, can be found a notice stating scribes thus: that “there will shortly be published a poem of which the present -number i “ThrtheC|uidefUl partners’ Duncan was contains an extract, entitled The | Youngs gay and active, to the forest Foresters. “The extract” is quite lenghthy, covering nearly two pages |A stick and knapsack, all his little store of the magazine. It is signed at the ^ hexp1S?eWh°le regions> Duncan could j end “A. W.—N., Gray’s Ferry, August Could trace’the path, to other ey°s un- | 12th, 1805.” This publication was the seen, J~ u j first appearance in print of any part Tell where the panther, deer or bear had been. ed-r of the poem, and it was four years later before the complete edition of irrbe forest^wa-ni3^ tbrouSh swamp and the poem first appeared in the Port Strike up his fire, and find himself at Folio, magazine, published in Phil¬ home; * adelphia, and edited by Joseph Den- ITntie his wallet, taste his frugal store nie, one of the most tasteful scholars Alld snor|r Sllelbury barl{, profoundly of the age. Wilson was a frequent And soon as morning cheered the forest contributor to this publication, and scene. “The Foresters” was written espe¬ Resume his knapsack and path again. cially for its pages; it is therefore difficult to understand the delay of Next Leech advanced, with youthful its appearance. sails unfurled, 1 Fresh on his maiden cruise to see the world; 1 Red o’er his cheek, the glow of health Ir. the June number, 1800, the first was spread. installment is to be seen. From that And oilskin covering glittered round his date monthly until March, 1810, “The head; " Foresters” was continued in the His light fuzil across his shoulder ! thrown, Port Folio. A set of the magazine His neat-slung knapsack full and glisten¬ containing th,is publication is diffi¬ ing shone; ° cult to obtain, .and brings a large Though unknown regions wide before price at auction. It -was the only il¬ i;- ■ him lay. __ lustrated edition, so far as is gener¬ He scorned all fear, while Wilson shared ally known. There Is, however, in the way. existence, I am told, copies of an He next appeared, with glittering am. edition in book form, which was is¬ supplied, A double gun, a deadly dirk beside, sued soon after the poem was com¬ A knapsack, crammed by Friendship’s pleted in the Port Folio, with the generous care, plates used to accompany “The For¬ With cakes and cordials, drams tuid esters,” in the magazine. dainty fare; The next generally known edition of Flasks filled with powder, leathern belts with shot; “The Foresters,” after the Port Folio Clothes, colors, paper, pencils, and what issue, was a 12 mo. volume of 106 not. pages, published at Newtown, Pa., by With hope elate, and ardor in his eye, S. Siegfried and T.Wilson, June, 1818. “The Foresters” covers 80 pages, the remainder of the book being- composed1 TbTn bfnd BraTdm^KJivirr-CHpuai $7,500,0001 of iap appendix of notes. He died in lSSSV The fourth complete edition of this When the smash of 1837 came, real estlte most interesting poem appeared in fell rapidly in value/ for everyone wanted Paisley, Scotland, in 1825. thirteen realize, and James, Dundas bought this blo< for ?29,000, His heirs now want $400,000 f this book appeared, in the corner block, less than half the origin . ^?,r- -J oseP'b Painter, a printer of purchase. There were bargains in those da/s West Chester, Pa„ issued another edi Thomas Claypole, who owned the lot Worn tion of The Foresters.” This Is per¬ Broad to Fifteenth and Sansoip to Che^nut haps the most attractive of all the edi- c-ame to the conclusion that the country Vas going straight to ruin, and in 1827 he off ' issuelssue ofor *1818lolcs, Shbut?f larmuch V superiorhe Newtown Pol- this property for .$4,000, with no takers. lectors prize this edition highly" and copies of it are always eager y con tested for when offered for sal/ ]

From?-

From,

.. Date,

Bate, "til '-‘-A “ ~ ^ — r ‘

.Cud/ •" 'a-c- •*- 4* -l- *- FLAMES MENACE THE SITE OF OLD VAUXHALL Buildings on a Famous Corner Giving Way AN OLD MANSION. to a Fine New Structure. The demolition of the fine old houses on the northwest corner of Walnut- , and Juniper streets for the Presbyterian Board of Pub¬ The Tenant House on the Gatzmer lication building will recall to old citizen's the beauty of the site sixty years ago. The Estate, at Tacony, De¬ entire block from Walnut to Sansom and Juniper to Broad streets was free from stroyed by Fire. buildings aud covered with maguificent trees, many of them .quite ag large as the elm still standing in the Dunrfas garden, and these were beyond doubt a remnant of the original forest. HEROIC WORK OF FIREMEN It was a place of public resort, known as Vauxhall Garden, open all week-days and crowded on Sundays, when it became an offense to quiet people. Two negro fiddlers In Face of Obstacles They Prevent i furulshd the music, and anyone paying a dime could take a female partner on the Very Costly Blaze and Save platform and join in the dance. Pies, cakes and small beer were sold at the stand, and Horses. liquor was to be had by anyone who c-hose to hunt for it. The result was that fighting and disorder were kept up until night, and then anyone with a regard for his life f-ot FLAMES ATTACK ASBESTO away. “ People wondered what could have in¬ duced John Chambers to locate his church in such a neighborhood, but it was here that The old mansion on the Gatzmer estate, ol he began Ins career as a temperance re¬ former. _ Through the open windows of the the Delaware River front, above Washy church in summer came the sounds of riot, ington lane, Tacony, narrowly escaped! and he would ask his hearers whether this destruction by fire at an early hour, and! vas a Christian community in a civilized land. But he broke it up at last. Mr. Pow- but for the heroic work of firemen, in the face ers, the owner of the ground, was appealed of many obstacles they bad to contend with, to and he closed the place for good. the stately structure would have been] Abner Chambers, the last tenant, had a curious career. He was a carpenter, who reduced to a heap of ruins with its many was caught with long rows of houses on thousand dollars’ worth of worksot art. his hands, when the panic of 1837 set in'. Jacob Ridgway got the property on small ad¬ Shortly after 6 o’clock a workman, whe1 vances, and Chambers was ruined. He had a had spent the night in the tenant house, deaf aud dumb wife, and the two started toy two-and-one-half story frame building lc,i Brazil, landing in Rio penniless. But he was energetic, took building contracts aid cated within a few yards of til became the richest man in Brazil. His only mansion discovered that the stove in th/lt child, a son. went to England, Became a house had become overheated add promment_financier^and founder of_the Lon- set fire to the woodwork. The m fn if"-.” made an attempt to extinguish the I nate where Washington, Franklin, the Penn blaze, but his exertiojis in that direction I family and Betsy Ross sat during their hours leemed only to cause the flames to spread. of devotion. It is unfortunate that the pews He then ran along Washington lane until ! themselves are not the original stalls occu- j pied by the distinguished personages just be met Mounted Policeman Shields, who put mentioned. spurs to his horse and rode to the Tacoay Some years ago, in 1S36, a vandalistic Police Station and turned in an alarm. By spirit of reformation overtook the vestry the time the engines had reached the burning of Christ Church, and the interior of this building the fire was burning fiercely, and the old structure was modernized. It was at wind was blowing the flames towards the this time that the interesting old-fashioned mansion and th6 stable. high-backed pews were taken out of the The firemen saw that there was no hope of church and destroyed. The records of the saving the tenant-house, so they directed their church, however, give the exact location of energies towards preventing the flames from the historic pews, and it was by this means communicating with the mansion. I that those who were instrumental in having 1 he first wort to be done was to remove the memorial tablets put in, were enabled from the stable five fine horses and drag sev¬ j to place them properly. The inscriptions on eral carriages and a coach from the carriage- these pews are as follows: house to a place of safety. This was done by Washington Pew—“Here worshiped George workmen on the estate, aided by the police and firemen. Bor an hour the fire¬ Washington, General-in-Chief of the Conti- men worked to keep the flames | nental armies. First President of the United from coming in contact with buildings States, and Martha Washington, from 1790 adjoining the burning tenant-house. Several to 1797. The pew was voted by the vestry in times the fierce wind blew sheets of flame 1797 to the use of John Adams, second against the mansion and stable, igniting the President of the United States. It was oc¬ old wood work; but streams of water pre¬ cupied at a religious service by Lafayette vented the fire from gaining headway on the on his second visit to America in 1824.” more costly structures. The tenant-house , Franklin Pew—“Here worshiped Ben was almost completely destroyed at a loss Franklin, philosopher and patriot, member estimated at $2,500. i of the committee which drafted the Decla¬ The Gatzmer mansion is said to be nearly ration of Independence, negotiator of the a hundred years old. In it the late William French alliance of the Revolutionary War, Gatzmer. who died last year, resided for £ negotiator of the treaty of peace, by which nearly half a century, and collected there a j George III. recognized the independence of choice gallery of paintings and other works America, member of the convention which of art. Since his death the mansion has been V framed the Constitution of the U. S., mem- occupied by a son of the deceased, who was ' her of the committee which erected the spire 1 not at home at the time of the fire. I of this church. Interred according to the The building in which the fire ignited has terms of his will in the church yard.” not been nsed for living purposes for some ( The Penn Pew—“Dum clavum Teneam, time. Workingmen employed about the For some time occupied by the Penn family, estate have, during the cold weather, kept a proprietors of Pennsylvania, granters of the fire in a large stove in the house, and were in original charter of this church, 1765.” the habit of gathering there when not at The pew once occupied by Betsy Ross— work. The stove was left burning last night, “Here worshiped Mrs. Elizabeth Ross, who, but one of the draughts was evidentlv care¬ uuder the direction of a committee of the lessly left open, and the stove became hot Continental Congress, composed of George enough to set the wainscojjng on fire. Washington, Robert Morris and George Ross, was the maker of the first American flag.”

1t - The old pulpit in Christ Church has been suffered to remain in nearly its original con- From, & h^*-*--*^* dition, as, although it has not received as much attention from historians as other rel¬ ics in the church, it is interesting in many .QCjl. ways. Sunday after Sunday, for the past hundred years and more, the rectors of !■ Christ Church, besides distinguished pre- ’ lates from other churches, have delivered Date , .2itlf L . from it their exhortations to the congrega- j ; tions assembled. From it the Rev. Jacob Duche preached his patriotic discourses, and I later his sermons, which, in their sentiment.

OLD KEWS AND^pUIxPITS

INTERESTING FEATURES OF SOME OF THE HISTORIC CHURCHES OF PHILADELPHIA—THE PEWS IN CHRIST CHURCH—WASHINGTON PEW IN ST. PETER’S.

Within the past few weeks several of the historic pews in famous old Christ Church, on Second street, north of Market, have been marked by memorial tablets, to desig-

rULrl l Of- OLD were but lukewarm to tho Am***.5 ~ The distinguished patriot rn Can cause. SLY p~i. Smith, from this r> til nit- ’ t^levRev' William triotic sermons during the Revn}1 tfa”y pa" S ■>■'“’ '<» •"'vtalt“rsPb"”aj Rev. William White th« ^ - °n' The Pennsylvania was filst B,sbop of siAss ^ssna ~ who for some rears ooeimi^fu cIerS.vman S&T ?Vl 5 r •*«*?*&%!!: Christ Chtrneh' These arien Vhe PUlpit of the eminent clergymen who £ ° few of ! from the old pulpit at this , ^av® preaelted , memories of the most intense i^' ? fact I ter around this antlnni 1- Interest clus- j furniture, and while1 the'606 °f sanctuary “a-KlS “ ! old ornaments £ tte °ther 1 peared, it still remains n have disap- from the time when it ^va^t?unaItel'ed s E-— colonial wood-carver and Re? Shed by the fortablo oTCl-***'?81 tbe ™ther | church to be much admh-ed as a v? the end. old-fashioned contrivance at the and beautiful piece of work y °rnate I old St. Peter’s Church esq'ue affair *« St Peter’S is a “<>st pictur- I streets, is the only sacred T! ifi an? Pine I city of historic interest that ?-,®ce In tbe I both the antique pews and pulpitP°SnS,^s

aI,y P.ut *n church when it was erected Washington's pew at St. Peter’s-for the general worshiped at both Christ Church d<. fli* Peter s > R must be remembered that in the early days the churches were united is the same to-day in every respect b~£S" szsz wy err” _ . _ • a JS.A ... ’9##- being to mate the acoustic properties of the1 and wide as the “prince” of preachers to church such that sounding boards are un-j children. Both Dr. Newton and Dr. Tyng necessary. achieved by their eloquence reputations that extended beyond the walls of St. Paul’s Beneath the pulpit on a level with the Church—indeed, the boundaries of Philadel¬ pews at St. Peter’s, i§ the old reading desk, phia. The Rev. R. Heber Newton, who liter where the clergyman stands during the read¬ achieved an enviable position as a preacher ing of the services and the lessons, until the in New Y’ork city,was at one time rector of time for his sermon arrives, when he disap¬ St. Paul’s, and first preached his advanced pears for a moment during the singing of a doctrines from its old pulpif:. hymn and ascends an enclosed stairway The Rev. Joseph Pilmore, the Rev. Benja¬ leading to the pulpit and suddenly emerges min Allen, the Rev. Samuel J. MeCloskey, through a small door in the wall, to take afterwards Bishop of Michigan, and other his place in the pulpit for his discourse. distinguished men at one time or another The carving on the old pulpit in St. Peter’s, have preached from the pulpit at St. Paul’s as on that of Christ Church, is quaint and and thus given to it historic interest. very interesting. The colonial wood carvers In shape and appearance this pulpit is were evidently men of ability, as the exam¬ different from those in other old churches. ples which are left of their skill, if they do It is not circular or pulpit-shaped, but is not conform with modern ideas, do adorn really a high reading desk or platform, and are in complete harmony with the old situated at the back of the chancel, to churches in which they are to be seen. which the clergyman ascends by a short As at Christ Church, so at St. Peter’s, flight of steps on either side. The whole many distinguished' prelates have preached affair is elaborately carved and ornamented from the old pulpit and held spell-bound in front, so as to present an attractive ap- their hearers by their eloquence. To a great pearance to the congregation. extent, the same men who figured in the his¬ s 'v ' ~v'N I tory of Christ Church were also connected with St. Peter’s. But St. Peter's can also claim its own particular luminaries, who have distinguished its pulpit by their pres¬ ence. Among them in times past the Rev. From, . William H.Odenheimer and the Rev.William H. DeLancey. Dr. DeLancey was conse^ crated Bishop of Western New York in 1839, and Dr. Odenheimer in 1S39 was conse¬ .. . crated Bishop of New Jersey.

The pulpit at Old Swedes’ Church,on Front Date; street below Christian, is not the one from which the early missionaries sent over to this country by the King of Sweden to ad¬ minister to the spiritual wants of his sub¬ jects in the New World, preached, as on several occasions changes have been made in the church. In 184G a movement was set on foot to build an entire new edifice. Fortunately wise counsel prevailed and this CENTRAL f. M. C. I was not done, but measures were taken, to alter the interior so as to make it more com¬ fortable for modern use. The records of Old Swedes’ show that in *1 ITS GREAT MU 1846 there was an old-fashioned octagonal¬ shaped pulpit with a small window behind. Over the pulpit was a sounding board and GROWTH OF THE ASSOCIATION IN this at least has disappeared. There have THIS CITY SINCE ORGANI¬ been no changes in the church, however since 1846, and the present pulpit is the ZATION IN 1854. one from which the Rev. Jehu Curtis Clay, who was the first Protestant Episcopal rec¬ tor of Gloria Dei, and who succeeded the Rev. Nicholas Collin, the last Swedish min¬ MIND AND MUSCLE HELP ister, preached. It shows some fine old- fashioned wood carving and well harmonizes with the general air of the antique that per¬ The Finely Appointed Gymnasium vades Old Swedes'. Directly beneath the Under Professor Clindwick and the pulpit is to be seen an undoubted relic of Educational Department of the the earliest times, in the shape of an antique fount of marble, which is believed to have Branch Make It Very Attractive. been used in the first old block house church at Wicaco, which was erected about 1669. THE CENTRAL Y. M. C. A. IN THIS CITY At St. Paul’s Church, on Third street was organized in 1842 and since that time I south of Walnut, the pulpit is very old, and the work has developed with great rapid- j from it many of the most influential clergy¬ ity. The new building was completed in ' 1877 and with it came the educational and men in the Episcopal Church in Philadelphia athletic features. Walter C. Douglas, gen¬ have preached. The most successful rectors eral secretary of the local branches; Profes¬ of St. Paul’s who first promulgated their sor Chadwick, Secretary Halsey Hammond ideas and doctrines from the old pulpit, and their work. were the Rev. Dr. Stephen Tyng, D. D., and the Rev. Richard Newton, D. D. Both were From a mere reading room, founded eloquent men and Dr. Newton was noted far) in London by Geo. Williams, in 1844, the Young Men’s Christian Association | of the world has grown to be one vember 2o, 1885. still the work in¬ creased, and during the following vear the Pennsylvania Railroad Branch was formed. On April 5, 1888, the West Philadel¬ phia Association was launched forth an<3 June 26, 1889, ushered into exist¬ ence the Southeast Branch for colored men. The South Branch was organ- ized April 3, 1890. By this time the Work had advanced on such extensive

the most magnificent and helpful in- stitutions ever known to mankind. In i Philadelphia its growth has been little short of phenomenal, and when the first association was placed here in l«o4, at 1210 Chestnut street, the lead¬ Physical Director Chadwick. ing enthusiast in the great work would i have scarcly believed that forty-two ' lines that the Inter-Collegiate Branch years later the then little organization was formed on November 3 1889 The with only its reading and amusement local intercollegiate branch now has rooms, would have ten great branches jn this city. rooms at Hahnemann, Medico-Chirur- gical Jefferson Medical and Pennsyl- From the time the original associa¬ Colleges. The association tion was founded the work constantlv at the University of Pennsylvania was enlarged until 1872, when The lot at founded in May, 1S92, and has a very Fifteenth and Chestnut streets was large membership. ipurchased and the handsome building i of the Central Branch now gracing the MR. DOUGLAS’ WORK. site erected. The growth of the asso¬ In the fall of 18S9 W'alter C. Douglas rt1?11 was due largely *o the untiring was secured from Boston, where he lts first general secretary | was secretary of the association, and John TV anamaker, and also to Geo-ge Placed in command of the work at the PI. Stuart, who was one of the organ¬ Central Branch. Since he began his izers. s work here, the life and enthusiasm in The Fifteenth and Chestnut streets the local associations has be>en most ln? was begun in the spring of pronounced, and it is by his excellent ^ ..P16 corner-stone being laid on generalship and thorough knowledge that year and the placing oLthe work that he has been so emi¬ of the cap stone on April 17, 1876. On nently successful as general secretary November 14 of that same year the of the local association. While the building was completed and formally other branches, including the Central occupied on June 26. 1877. y work with their own machinery and Up to that time neither educational own ideas, Mr. Douglas is commander- nor gymnastic work had been intro¬ in-chief, and he overlooks and has su¬ duced m the association, but with the pervising power of them all. advent of the new building and its Physical Director Chadwick is in splendid appointments came these two i practically the same position toward groat features, which since then have ! the athletic department of thei proven to be invaluable additions to branches as Mr. Douglass is in the1 association work. I OtMr lit? of work. He has complete/ ^vision over the other associations, THE CENTRAL’S OFFSHOOTS. ' all of which have their own instruct- The work at the new building had ors. Although these directors have grown to be so large in 1885 that it their own system of work, yet the was found necessary to organize three principles are on the same lines, and other branches, and in-that vear came in the main the work is identical, these associations: The German on these athletic instructors meet every January 16; the Kensington, on ’No¬ two weeks in Mr. Chadwick’s office vember 19, and. the Northwest, on No¬ make their reports, talk of the work being done and suggest ideas for the advancement of gymnastics. The religious -work in the association THE CENTRAL’S FINE GYM. is, of course, the main object, and'it is During Professor Chadwick’s engage¬ carried on with great vigor and enthu¬ ment at the Central Branch he has siasm. The live spirit which manifests placed gymnastics on a very high scale. itself in the association is principally He has a repuation of being one of the due to Secretary Halsey Hammond, an most thorough and capable athletic indefatigable worker, who has been directors in the United States, and iaj with the Central Branch a trifle over known everywhere in Y. M. C. A. cir¬ two years. Mr. Hammond’s long ex¬ cles. His system is as nearly perfect) perience in the work, although he is as can be reached, and the improve-i practically a young man, has placed ments he has made at the Central dur-1 him among the most competent offi¬ ing the past few years in the advance¬ cials in Association circles in this ment of the work is almost record- country, and his ability is constantly breaking. shown by his management of such a One of his principal theories, and large and important branch as the ! which has been taken up by athletic) Central. Mr. Hammond has associ- ‘directors throughout the country, is) 1 ated with him in the office, Assistant the grading system in class work, run- i Secretaries B. F. Culp, A. P. Clime 1 ning from the novices, or “tender- ! and B. C. Pond. Charles H. Wevill , foot” to the intermediate, and then is assistant treasurer and John H. i to the senior or high class work. This Bosworth librarian. gives all men on the floor a chance. The officers and directors of the as- I A beginner is placed with tho novices, ) sociation are: Chairman, Professor and as he improves he is advanced. i E. J. Houston; vice-chairman, H. S. P. | Mr. Chadwick has under him at Nichols: treasurer, William T. Robin- I the Central Branch, six assistants. son, and recording secretary, W. K. j First in command is W. J. Herman, Krips. The board is composed of while the others are Thomas Peak, Charles W. Freedley, James A. Deve- William McFarland, William Brown lin, John W. Henderson, Albert E. and Aaron Frankel. These men have Kennedy, Edgar D. Faries, W. A. N. under their charge special lines of Dorland, M D., G. W. Hansell, H. C. work, and when it is undertsood that ; Francis, William M. Longstreth, Ed¬ the average attendance in the gymna¬ win J. Houston. sium a week is 1000 men, the value The supporters of the association of these assistants can be easily un¬ are the Christian men and women and derstood. public-spirited citizens of Philadel¬ Twenty-one regular classes are phia, who contribute to its support taught each week, and these average I yearly in sums ranging from five to from twenty-eight to thirty men, while : two hundred and fifty dollars each. at times a drill class will contain as 1 Through this generous support the as- high as sixty. It is after these drill | sociation is able to maintain its great classes, led by either Professor Chad¬ i building and work for young men, to wick or his assistant, Mr. Herman, | offer them these helps to better and that the men are divided up and giv¬ more successful lives and to make the en special work by the six volunteer cost of membership so small that not instructors. When a man first enters one need be turned away. the work he is given a thorough phys¬ It is indeed a magnificent work. J ical examination and told which parts of the body need development. The assistant instructors have this work in charge, and they pay particular at¬ tention to new men when the drill class is divided up. From, THE EDUCATIONAL WORK. Between four and five hundred men are taking advantage of the associa¬ tion college, which includes classes in algebra, arithmetic, bookkeeping, elec¬ trical, elocution, English grammar, French, German, geometry, mechanic¬ al drawing, penmanship, Spanish, Bate, stenography, music and typewriting. The privileges orme euucaironai de¬ partment are open to all members holding the annual $5.00 membershio tickets, there being no extras for tui¬ tion. rsi The Central Branch reading room is bright, pleasant and well supplied with reading matter. The newspaper file includes the morning and evening FOR THE GITY papers of Philadelphia; the New York dailies; papers from Boston, Chicago, THE OLD PROPERTY SHOULD BE ADDED Pittsburg, Baltimore, St. Louis, tan Francisco and many other cities. TO BARTRAM’S GARDEN. There are also on file all of the lead¬ ing monthly publications, magazines, etc., besides a large number of other THE HISTORY OF THE ESTATE papers. The library consists of sonie 5000 bound volumes, and is both ref¬ erence and circulating. Now in a A ery Dilapidated Condition—The 43

1 Old Mansion and Its Grounds Might be kept paths m Eastwick's day are now beds Sold for Commercial Purposes, Which of weeds, the carefully graded terraces lead¬ ing down to the river bank are crumbling Would Spoil Bartram’s Garden as a Park into decay, and the road leading up to the Entirely—The House Full of Caretakers. house Is lost sight of in heaps of underbrush and briars. Where flower beds once added their charm to this interesting place only The Councils committee on municipal gov¬ heaps of dirt and,stones are left, and the ernment agreed some time ago to report fa¬ choice shrubbery, which for years was care¬ vorably regarding the ordinance providing fully cared for, has grown rank and wild. for the purchase of the old Eastwick estate, as an addition to Bartram's Garden. The prop¬ The history of the old Eastwick mansion and erty it is intended to purchase consists of surrounding property is an interesting story. about sixteen acres and is bounded by Bar- For years after the death of good John tram's Garden, Fifty-sixth street, the Ches¬ Bartram his son William kept up the gar¬ ter branch of the Reading Railroad and the den, and in fact improved and enlarged it. Port Wardens’ line of the Schuylkill river. William died suddenly on the 22d of July, 1823, and the garden then went into the j

EABTWICK’S castle.

Until the city acquires title to this land, hands of Colonel Robert Carr, who had mar- Bartram's Park is liable at any moment not ried Anna, a niece of William Bartram. As only to have a portion of its river view cut William was never married, Anna Bartram off, but by the erection of some oil refinery heir k'S nearest hin and consequently his or garbage reducing works on the ground. | to have its air made a nuisance, and that r°°J°nel Carr- her husband, conducted the would be a death warrant to Bartram’s. Th^ I Garden as a nursery and seed garden and is invasion of a city street through this prop- I represented to have done a large business erty is also threatened, which would not ' m the raising of plants and seeds, having only destroy its beauty but do away with | considerable export to South America. Upon some of the natural beauty of the historic the death of Colonel Carr’s wife, the colonel ! garden next door. 1 being lonely and without children, concluded I At the present time the portion of West to abandon the historic property and sold it Philadelphia in the neighborhood of this to Andrew M. Eastwick. property is passing through a state of up¬ ft Mr. Eastwick in early life was a machinist heaval. New streets are being laid out, and and became engaged in the manufacture of the topography of the county is being I locomotives as soon as the capabilities of that changed and improved. In a few years this 4, machine were known in America He was i portion of the city will be well built up. partner in the firm of Garrett and Eist When this time arrives Bartram's Garden f wick. In 1835 the firm recefved an order and the old Eastwick estate, if combined, will to construct a locomotive for the Beaver form a pleasure ground which will be needed Meadow Railroad. They undertook the task I and highly appreciated. ““r'f the engiae called ‘he Samuel At the present time the Eastwick property D. Inghram. Among its peculiarities was an | is in a very dilapidated condition. The well- ingenious mode of reversement invented bv -,k Mr. Eastwick and some other ImpwementS '• I! of great value in a class of machines entirely

. t new in America. At the time Garrett and Huted columns projects far enough to bal¬ Eastwick constructed the Samuel D. Ingh- ance the tall square tower that rises above ram Joseph Harrison, Jr., was their foreman, like a mute guardian; to the left of the porch and a 'few months later Mr. Harrison became is a long wing with high muliioned windows, a partner. The firm built many other en¬ which in Eastwick’s palmy days looked out gines, most of them with Eastwick and Har¬ upon a broad driveway and a grassy terrace. rison improvements on the plans. To the right the main building bulges with One of the greatest achievements of this unexpected and ridiculous little turrets and I firm was the building of a freight engine is pierced with many oriole windows. High | named “Gowan & Marx,” after a London up in the front of the main tower a wide banking firm. This engine performed the marble slab inserted in the wall gives the j great feat for the times of drawing 100 four- date of the construction of the building, wheeled loaded cars from Reading at a little 1851. less rate than ten miles an hour. At that time the engine was superior to any other Even allowing for the havoc that time will rnalre Vr, n__±he_ hest of buildings, it must locomotive in the wOrld, and made the fort¬ be concluded from the present condition of une of Eastwick and Harrison. the castle that it was not originally well built. The building is of brick, covered yith Colonels Melnikopp and Kraft had been ■j stucco,which has fallen in many places from sent out by the Emperor Nicholas of Russia the walls and exposed the rude foundation to examine and report upon the various rail¬ upon which it is laid, while the carved wood¬ roads and railroad machinery in the United work, with which the building is extensively States and Europe. After their examina¬ adorned, has rotted away, leaving ugly tions, in their report to the Emperor, they breaks. A whitewashed lattice-work is built stated that the “Gowan and Marx” came about the porch, the natural ugliness of nearer the necessities of the Russian rail¬ which is but partially concealed by friendly roads than any other locomotive they had vines. High up in the tower the stained seen. The result was a negotiation with glass windows are broken, so that flocks of Eastwick and Harrison and with Thomas pigeons have for years had free ingress and Winans, of Baltimore, that they should go to raised large broods there. Russia and undertake the construction of

■

VIEW OF THE RIVER AND CITY FROM EASTWICK’S CASTLE. ihilroads and locomotives there. They ac¬ cepted the proposition, and in 1844 the Phil¬ i An ugly tumble-down fence surrounds the adelphia shops were abandoned, the firm Eastwick property and marks it off from moving to Russia on a contract lasting until Bartram’s Garden. At various places on this 1851, and subsequently renewed to 1862. fence rude signs are to fie seen which warn When the partners returned to the United the occasional visitor that no trespassing States they were well off in fortune, and it will be allowed in the vicinity of the old was then that Colonel Eastwick built the old mansion. A knock at the door of Eastwick's mansion which the city is urged to purchase Castle finally brought one of the caretakers and which is commonly known as the “East¬ of the mansion, who admitted the strangers wick Castle,” on account of its peculiar and permitted them to gain a view of the in- architectural appearance. Although it bears ! tevior of this building. The condition of af¬ the unmistakable stamp of the Italian tide fairs within is somewhat better than those which swept the architectural world at the , i without. No less than four families of care- time of its construction it still, from certain | takers dwell in the mansion, and so large is views, is strongly suggestive of the Norman ' the building that even they do not Occupy it school. The long facade is broken by Ir¬ I entirely. regular bays and gables, a deep porch with j The halls and broad staircases have a

> \" 1 hadPhPPn TSt^Bme"’ as though the place ve»dP«h plosed up and' »nteuantecl for in th h M f0r ratS and P'Seous- The paper " thp haHway is vrf-y striking, heing pat- centurvWlth a dpsig,u representing sixteenth entury cavaliers descending impracticable \ awful’hues!'''1 bedS °*wonder™£5 There is little in the old mansion that serves to-day to remind the visitor of the beautiful home of Andrew M. Eastwick, which forty years ago was the scene of many brilliant social happenings. There are those who whisper that the house is haunted, and they tell of certain uncanny lights that have been seen at the window by laborers returning late across the fields. But these ghosts have never disturbed the comfort of those who dwell In the old man¬ sion. The situation of Eastwick’s castle is most I beautiful and picturesque. It is built on the j ciest of a fine elevation which slopes to I the river edge, and which is splendidly wooded at intervals. From the porch a jj glorious view of the surrounding country [j is unfolded. The river, peopled with boats j from sunrise till dusk, is to be seen below stretching away until it becomes a mere silver thread, and Is finally lost In the blue distance. Far away across the river, the city with its spires and towers come in view, the huge grain elevators of Point Breeze forming a striking contrast at one end of the town to the City Hall, which marks another section of the city.

During Colonel Eastwick’s life, he took the greatest pride in his mansion and in the old Bartram house and the garden which surrounds it. It was one of his eaimest wishes that the garden should be preserved forever as one of the cherished mementoes of Philadelphia's early history. Walking down a grass-grown path from CATTERED about Philadelphia, Eastwick’s house the visitor finds Eve’s Well S situated in out-of-the-way and now nothing but a number of moss-covered unexpected places, there are a stones, with a bubbling spring on one side number of old weather-beaten j where originally was a little pond with a monuments that are seldom no- j marble* statue of Eve in the middle Gold ticed by the by-passers and fish sported in the crystal water, and added have, to all intents and purposes, out- | charm to the spot, which must have been served their usefulness, and have been a delightfully cool retreat on a warm sum ' overlooked for years. mer’s day in Mr. Eastwick’s time, but now Among the oldest of these relics is all has been despoiled by time and the relic, the little inconspicuous shaft, situated hunter. In Penn Treaty Park, and known as When Chief Eisenhower, of the Bureau the Penn Treaty Monument. For of City Property, assumes official charge of .years the existence of this monument the old Eastwick estate he will have to take was forgotten by the great majority very active measures indeed, if be de of people, it was friendless and alone, sires to reclaim this old place and make it frequently buried beneath piles of lum¬ as it once was. If possible, the old castle ber, its face hidden from the sun and should most certainly be suffered to remain the eyes of man. Many times there as it is a mansion to which interesting were threats to remove it by the own¬ memories are attached. t ers of the property on which it stood, "’r,V but for some reason or other it was suffered to remain, and now that the city has secured Penn Treaty Park, this old landmark has been furbished up and fenced in for its better protection.

Away back in 1824 some of our grave and reverend citizens, who were be¬ ginning to cultivate historic tastes, as¬ sembled in a spirit of reverence for the past, ate their dinners and made their speeches and became enthusiastic over the sacred memories that hovered around their place of meeting, Penn’s- old cottage in Letitia court. Here they created the Penn Society, and iseventeen years after the Treaty Elm j 46

was blown down in 1810 they erected In order to preserve a knowledge of where the great elm stood, for future generations, the little monument on or about the same spot. This monument, It is said, was the first erected in Philadelphia, and for this reason, if fhedfitUfe\ I<; Was cl°mmenced by laying the first stone of the eastern pier IZr nothing else, it is fortunate that it has been preserved. There are those who many difficulties had attended the dam claim that it commemorates only a on September the 6th, 1801, was com! tradition, but nevertheless, poets, pa¬ pleted for passage January 1, isos The triots, philosophers and historians year!”WaS b™ and finish^ the 'same have accepted the story of Penn’s JTi'eaty of friendship and peace with the °n ‘hTh'10rtlrrn tablet is this inscrip, i Indians under the great elm at Ken- inlr a denthdepth ofnf watern,P rof Was t-vfrentv-onp flrSt erected to ■ sington. inwnty f°Ur feet in a cofferdam. The I rock* 1" T°hUeSe of.masonry is hoi ted on the great dim.iutfterU pler’ attended with I w* U ’ constant hazard and | unavoidable expense, was commenced in i m]dst of inclement weather within a (cofferdam of Original and appropriate construction, in which 800,000 feet of tim¬ ber were employed. The depth of water from the rock is 41 feet. No pier of regular masonry in so great a depth of water is known to exffet in any other part of the world. The masonry of this pier was begun on Christmas day, 1802 and erected from the rock to low water mark in forty-one days and nights, after seven months had been occupied in preparing the dam and retrieving its misfortunes. These piers are in length 71 feet 6 Inches, and in thickness 30 feet at the bottoms tapering to the top where they are in length 60 feet 10 inches, and in thickness 10 feet 4 inches. The height of the eastern pier from the rock is 40 feet, and that of the west¬ ern pier is 55 feet 9 inches. The first contains 3639 perches and the latter 6DS perches of masonry. The eastern abutment is 18 feet thick and its wings are founded on the rock. The western abutment is of equal thickness and its wings are bolted on a platform sup¬ ported by piles; play of the wings 60 feet.” On the southern tablet can be read- Dimensions of the bridge: Length, 552 it™ abutment and wings, 750 feet; total, 1300 feet; span of smaller arches each 150 feet; oJL middle arch 194 feat 10 inches; width of th-e bridge 42 feet; curvature of the middle arch 12 feet; The Obelislc on Twenty-Third. Str. of the smaller arch 10 feet; the curves are catenarian; rise of “the carriageway, j 8 feet; height over the platform to the cross ties, 13 feet; from the surface of The monument stands to the height the river to the platform in the greatest1 of five feet, and on all sides exhibits elevation, 31 feet. Elevated above all' inscriptions, which are as follows: On the north, “Treaty Ground of Wil¬ floods ever known in this river; inclined i plane to entrances, 3% degrees.” liam Penn and the Indian natives, 1682.- Unbroken faith/' Hundreds of people passing south- I ward along The line or the Wilming¬ I On the south* “William Penn, born ton and Baltimore Railroad and 1644; died 1718.” Chester branch of the Reading, have On the east, “Pennsylvania, founded doubtless noticed with curiosity, the 1681 by Deeds of Peace.” old monument located on a high bank I On the west, “Placed by the Penn in the angle formed by the junction Society, A. D. 1827, to mark the site of these two railroads, just below the of the great elm tree.” western end of the old Gray’s ferry bridge. Its location seems a most re- markable and out of the way one i Just above the northeast corner of for a monument, and few people can j Twenty-third and Market streets, upon solve the puzzle of Its existence in the Gas Works premises, stands a this place. It is of white marble, weather-beaten obelisk and sun dial, with base about ten feet square.- upon which, with some difficulty, the The main body of the monument is following inscriptions can be traced: Western tablet—“This bridge was erect¬ slightly smaller, with tapering marble ed at an expense of nearly $300,000 by a shaft on top, the whole rising to the | • 1 .••• a ! 47

the penn trea ty monument.

height of about thirty feet -- Surrounding the structure Is an Price, David C. Wilson, James A. Bay¬ Iron fence to protect it from vandal¬ ard, William Chandler. Baltimore, J. J. ism, but it has, nevertheless, been a Cohen, Jr., Charles F. Mayer, John Mc- frequent target for Irresponsible Klm, Jr., James Swan, W. A. Patterson. hoodlums. The monument is cover¬ Delaware, Thomas Smith. Chester, So¬ ed with inscriptions on its four sides licitor, Samuel Edwards. Secretary which reveal the fact that the shaft¬ JAMES WILSON WALLACE,WILLIAM ing was erected nearly sixty years P. BROBSON, Assistant. Treasurer, AL¬ ago, to signalize the completion of LAN THOMSON, AUBRY H. SMITH, the Philadelphia, Baltimore and Wil¬ Assistant. mington Railrqad. These inscrip¬ On the eastern face of the base is the tions are as follows: following- inscription: THE PHILADEL¬ On the eastern face is the following; PHIA, WILMINGTON & BALTIMORE PHILADELPHIA, WILMINGTON RAILROAD COMPANY. Formed A. D. BALTIMORE RAILROAD COMPANY 1838 by the Union of the several char¬ President, MATTHEW NEWKIRK, Vice ters obtained from Pennsylvania, Mary¬ President, JACOB J.' COHEN, JR,’. Di¬ land and Delaware. Work commenced rectors: Philadelphia, Matthew New-kirk, July 4, 1835. Completed December 25 John Hemphill, John Connell, Wm. d! 183S. Cost. $4,000,000. Lewis. Wilmington, James Canby, James The inscription on the southern face of the monument is: WILMINGTON & SUSQUEHANNA RAILROAD CO. Pres- | sequently removed to Baltimore from ident, JAMES CANBY. Directors. Phil¬ this city, where he became an exten¬ adelphia, Matthew Newkirk, John Hemp¬ sive brick manufacturer and iron mas¬ hill, Stephen Baldwin, Samuel Jaudon. Elkton, James Sewall. Baltimore, J. J. ter. Cohen, Jr. Wilmington,David C. Wilson, Among the many sights around the James Price, William Chandler, Edward extensive and old-fashioned grounds Tatnell, Joseph C. Gilpin, Mahlon Betts, of the Pennsylvania Hospital, perhaps Henry Whitely, James A. Bayard. Sec¬ none are so curious as the small retary WILLIAM P. BROBSON. Treas- square block of marble surmounted by I urer ALLAN THOMSON. Engineer, a huge marble urn, seeming entirely i WILLIAM STRICKLAND. Assistant out of place in its present position, that! I Engineer, J. C. TRAUTWINE. marks the grave of Charles Nicholes. On the southern face of the base: It stands on the north side of the en¬ NEWKIRK VIADUCT. Commenced || trance drive and west of the clinio July 4, 1837. Completed December 25, building, and is inscribed as follows: 1S3S. S. H. Kneass, Engineer. Railroad “In Memory of CHARLES NICHO¬ from Philadelphia to Wilmington. Her¬ LES. Born in the Island of Jersey, No^ man J. Lombaert, Assistant Engineer. vember, 1759, and Died in Philadelphia, The western side of the monument and December 31, 1807. base bears the following: BALTIMORE > “By great industry and economy and, & PORT DEPOSIT RAILROAD CO integrity he acquired a considerable es- tate, 85000 of which he bequeathed to President, Lewis Brantz. Directors, the Pennsylvania Hospital and the resi¬ Philadelphia, Matthew Newkirk. New due in other charities am> legacies to his York, Roswell L. Colt. Maryland,Charles friends. His body is interred in com- P. Mayer, J. J. Cohen, Jr., John B. ■ pliance with his request, Howell, C. W. Karthouse, Frederick in this place, and this Dawson, Henry Thomson, John C. Mor¬ monument is erected ton. Secretary and Treasurer,CHARLES over him, by permission H. WINDER. Engineer, BENJAMIN of the managers of the H. LATROBE. Assistant Engineer, hospital, in order to per¬ HENRY R. HAZLEHURSTt Railroad petuate his name by one Contractors, William Slater, John Ahern, of his executors.” Beers & Hyde, Kennedy Lonergan. Su¬ There are quite a num¬ perintendents, Charles Lombaert. George ber of old monuments Craig, Alfred Crawford. hidden away in various The inscriptions on the northern faces sections of Philadelphia' are: DELAWARE & MARYLAND and it is a sad truth that 1 RAILROAD CO. President, MATTHEW the one-time handsome1 NEWKIRK. Directors, Wilmington, memorials which point to James Canby, James Price. Edward Tat¬ historic days may soon^ nell, Henry Whitely, William Chandler, be simply dust. ' David Wilson, Mahlon Betts. Elkton, James Sewall, Josh. Richardson, Green- b’y Purnell. Secretary, William Brob- son. Treasurer, Allan Thomson. Engi¬ neer, WILLIAM STRICKLAND. Assist¬ ant Engineer, JAMES STABLER. NEWKIRK VIADUCT, Samuel H. Kneass, En¬ gineer. Alexander & Charles Provost, Stone Masons. Uziel H. French, Bridge Carpenter. Within a few months I the last survivor whose name appears on the monu¬ ment died in Baltimore, Mr. John Ahern. He had been one of the sub-contractors building the road and sub-

.fui jpoq }T300.:a.\0! ••rc;g uojSuiijsb.o — M-amariS TiC9_IAM% SaiDWSsip 0} JOS /oqj VaiiM s./ojj'j ausidunjqo jo sjuaj -jo aqj wo.ij JOjjns no.t oq,,—.fa[Aioj-£ -nt 0} uopptq.ioj si Jojmiag .t.iOAo uoju.a -

■ironcjr—,/pcu t IBMOjBUDg JTJPM jn0 pup orWnSAwnOC> auo .toj jjo ti papai} i—j io^,,— •0[mnj\r pajinbui „iJoj }J3q.,ii,’! 4. „ ..irio.f 3 A us I ucsio jeqj aijctus noX PlCt,.—SIUIAI PI^s ,,‘ajjonbija jo jfooq v ijas jsnur .lajjoff ■UiSajI oxj •noissojiluij .iotj r- beson, of the said city of Philadelphia, cop¬ persmith, bought the lot,” etc. (then follows description), “yielding and paying therefor into the treasury of the said Commonwealth, for the use of the said Commonwealth, on the first day of September in every year here¬ after, one acorn, if the same shall be de¬ manded. ’ ’ It may be assumed that the annual charge upon the land has not been demanded by the State. This deed shows that, not much more than a hundred years ago, the State had not parted with its title to a considerable portion of the old city proper. The device upon (lie reverse of the seal was similar to many in vogue at that, time, shown by the water¬ mark on writing paper, all of which ex¬ pressed the bitter feeling existing against the j Brit ifsla. J EARLY TITLE DEED. P -

|A BIT OF HISTORY FROM THE REVOLU¬ TIONARY PERIOD. From, SklLtLL.

I A very interesting memento of the past was found among the papers of the late Judge Reed. It is a deed granted by the ‘ ‘Supreme I Executive Council of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, ” and signed by Judge Reed’s great-grandfather, Jos. Reed, 'as President of the Council. | Tbe date of the instrument is October 0, :1781, “and in the sixth year of the inde- j pendence of the United States of America ’’ j It has the seal of the State of Pennsylvania on the obverse of which are the ship, plow and sheaves of grain; on the reverse is the MEMORIES OF figure of Liberty standing upon the head of the British lion, which is in a very subju¬ gated position. The goddess holds a spear in her left hand, and with her right she has a OLD HOUSES firm hold of the lion’s tail, which she is giv¬ ing a very vicious twist. The property conveyed was situated on the The Ingersoll, Markoe and Gilpin Mansions— noit.h side of Sassafras (Race) street, between Fifth street and Sixth street, No. 191 on the How Mrs. Gilpin Entertained—Her gencra^pljjn, 24 feet 9 inches front by 308 feet rice paid was one hundred Distinguished Acquaintances. ny of Pennsylvania. The TUTiin Harbeson. . 'hieh this land was sold is HERE is something extremely sad 'camble of the document, T and pathetic in many of the changes iVhereas, At a public auc- which take place in a large city, jd in the city of Philadel- caused by the ruthless hand of mod¬ "f the Supreme Executive ern improvement, and “the onward on the second day of march of progress," and a feeling of sadness for the sale of divers lots comes over me as I walk through the old and being within the said parts of a city and conjure up in my mind the scenes that .were enacted in days gone aforesnk1' SGt oft' and an- by in the vacant or neglected houses. polntTO Supreme Executive Council Probably no city has changed more In this aforesaid, to be sold, pursuant to the direc¬ respect than Philadelphia, for, in conversa¬ tions of an act of the General Assembly of tion the other day with a Philadelphia lady the said Commonwealth, passed the 25th dav who has been abroad for a number of years of March, 1780, entitled ‘An act for she told me nearly all the old houses which the sum of one hundred thousand pounds’ landmarks in her day had been swept m bills of credit, for the present support of the She told me, in a very Interesting army; and for establishing a fund for the “e pleasant times she had passed certain redemption of the same and for jlful old house of Mr. Joseph other purposes therein mentioned •’and of corner of Fourth street and one other act of the General Assembly afore¬ _ alley, where the old Pennsylvania said, passed the tenth day of April last [Railroad offices now stand; of the beautiful past, entitled ‘An act for the better sup- garden, where in the long spring evenings, port of public credit by an immediate when Mr. Ingersoll gave his receptions, the sale of the lands therein mentioned and guests would take their tea; of the house fully securing the purchasers thereof in their of Mr. John Butler, with its stable and titles; and also for preserving (he common grounds, at Eighth and Chestnut streets lands appurtenant to the city ot Philadel where Sharpless’s dry goods store now is- piiia and other towns of this State from un¬ i of the stately home of Mr. and Mrs. Bird ori warrantable encroachment, ’ Beniamin Hur- ‘ Washington as Solicitor of “title Treasui Afterward Mr. and Mrs. Gilpin accomp nied Mr. Van Buren and his son to Europe. In those days a trip abroad was by ni means a common occurrence, and Ameri, cans were the exception, and not, as now) the rule, in London society. Mr. Joseph R Ingersoll, of Philadelphia, was then the American Minister in London, and through him Mr. and Mrs. Gilpin were presented! at the Court of St. James. They were much feted in England, and made many strong and lasting friendships with the distin¬ guished Englishmen of the day, Mr. and Mrs. Monckton Miles, Lord Houghton, Car-j lyle, Thackeray, Mr. and Mrs. Cobden, Bright and Grote, the celebrated historian, were among their friends. Mrs. Gilpin kept a diary during her visit abroad and my friend, who has seen the diary, tells me that there are many inter¬ esting scenes described, especially i^ball at Buckingham Palace, where the" G^plns went by command of the Queen. In they were entertained by the distinguished j Prince and Princess Doria Pamphilli, and had two interviews with the Pope, one by his own appointment, when he received MRS. HENRY D. GILPIN. them in his library. They also travelled in (Reproduced from an old mlniature ) the East, and ascended the Nile as far as the southwest corner of Broad and Chest Thebes. Afterwards they visited Asia Minor,! rmt streets, with its fine approach and old Turkey and Greece. While in Athens thfiyj fashioned garden, with its borders of box. formed the particular acquaintance of the! late Earl of Carlyle, and on their return} g; s s ss: » .vr to England were the guests at Castle How-i ard. In 18G0 Mr. Gilpin died, and after a few> years Mrs. Gilpin opened her house at- Eleventh and Spruce streets and gave those" Church were erected by her m memory of, delightful entertainments, which'my friend^ tells me were so agreeable, and are even' thSnetheeohtaherOSsMe of Chestnut street was now, after the lapse of years, spoken of with the large house of f that of Mr such pleasure by those who attended them. fine trarden, which joined tnar 01 mi. She was, as the French say, une grande dame de l’ancienne regime, and followed in ! the footsteps of the celebrated Mrs. James Rush, who was the great social leader of | her time. Artists, musicians, men of letters, ; l%sssrztt&£i~t were always welcome visitors to her house, , and there is probably no mansion standing j to-day in Philadelphia around which so 1 many pleasant recollections centre as the old house at Eleventh and Spruce streets. f1 TT i —v V w « « vv**

Philadelphia. It ^ * dQubt if any of the

hurrying ^^“o^hfpart H h^s^Myed, not^nly^the fashionable world, but also in politics in days gone by^ Henry D.

up abroad, and here * red around them lavish hospitality a:distinguished men. Here j a choice coterie of dlstmgmsn aayU came the cel!^^dStiyerettT Daniel Web- Henry Clay, Ldwgrd were frequent ster and Martin Van state and prob- NEARLY TWO CENTURIES OLD, visitors. Great ^^fe of the nation were lems affecting t acious rooms. Mrs. I discussed in those P f gen_ The Last Church in America Founded Henry D. ^EfLousfana! « ^ Mr by Gnstavns Adolphus. tor Johnston, of Lou tedStates Attorney lilpin when he!wa t of Pennsylvania, A fierce fire among adjoining properties or the Easter was elected Presi- threater.td tc destroy the “ Old Swedes ” Vhen Martin Van mduced his Church, at Philadelphia, the other day. ient^^g'^accompany him to iriend, Mr. Gilpi , Had the structure once caught fire, it would ■ m i /-■ X 51

have probably closed the history of one of 1 baptismal f3bt, a very large one, is of the most venerable and. interesting' of re¬ black marble, supposed "to be of Swedish manufacture. It stands in the chancel on ligious buildings on this continent. a wooden pedestal. In front of the gallery Gloria Dei, or, as it is better known, “ Old used by the choir are two carved cherubs Swedes,” Church, was dedicated in 1700. brought over from Sweden. They face the pulpit and have wonderfully ruddy cheeks. It antedates all other existing places of Below them, affixed to the gallery, is the worship in Pennsylvania. The congrega¬ model of a book, and on its open pages tion which established it goes back much is marked. “ The people w'ho sat in dark- I ness have seen a great light,” and “ Glory further, for the original church was built to God in the highest.” These inscriptions in 1646, on Tinicum Island, in the Delaware plainly refer to the sending of ministers ■ River, by Governor Printz. The church in¬ from Sweden; for, until 1832, the mother country regularly supplied these to the augurated the Christian religion in the parish. State, and for thirty-one years was the I The records of burial up to 1S31 are not only house of worship for the Swedish set¬ to be discovered. The names on tomb¬ stones show, however, that a number were tlements. In 1677 Gustavus Adolphus of interred in the chancel and burying ground Sweden issued a proclamation ordering ihe at an early period. Three gravestones mark establishment of the parish. There was the resting places of the first three rectors, bearing dates from 170S to 1774. On one an old blockhouse at Wiaco, now Known tombstone is carved, below the name Mary as Southwrark, erected for protection against Robeson, “ who dyed November ye 12, Indians. It was built of logs, and, in place 1716,” and below this again are an hour glass and death’s head. The oldest inhabit¬ of windows, there were loopholes for its de¬ ant of the settlement buried here seems to fense in time of peril. It occupied a com¬ have been Peter Swanson, who lived to the manding position on a shady knoll, the age of sixty-four. A grave of a famous man is that of Alexander Wilson, the orni¬ land roundabout sloping down to the 'fiver. thologist, who made a special request that This was the building selected for a he might lie in some spot where the birds church. Ma.gister Jacobus Fabritius was would sing over him. And, strangely enough, considering, the lapse of time and called from New-York, and officiated for the spread of the city, the spot where he fourteen years, during the last nine of rests still is rural in a measure, and birds which he was totally blind. He relinquished I carol over his grave. The white marble monument of Wilson bears this inscription: his duties only when compelled to do so “ This monument covers the remains of by the weaknesses of old age. For the next Alexander Wilson, author of American Or¬ six years the parish was without a leader. nithology. He vras born in Renfrewshire, Scotland, on the 6th of July, 1766, emigrated The congregation appealed to the King of to the United States in the year 1794, and Sweden, and finally help came from him. died in Philadelphia of the dysentery on the He appropriated $3,000 to the purpose of 22d of August, 1813, aged 47. Ingenio stat supplying the church with ministers, and sine morte decus.” ..he Kevs. P.udman Bjorlc and Auren were Wilson was at first a weaver in Scotland dispatched for the New World. Before and later in Philadelphia followed the same sailing they were summoned to the royal occupation. presence, and thus charged by rhe King: A monument which exhibits a curious “ Go now, in the name of the Lord, to the form of sentiment, but one quite character¬ place I send you. God be with vou and istic of the period, is that which marks the prosper your undertaking.” They’arrived resting spot of Erick Gesstensen. The date in 1697 at the settlement, and so great is 1716. This rhyme is carved below the was the joy at their coming chat a move¬ name: ment was at once started for the erection 1 My glass is run, 1 of a more commodious and appropriate Mir work is done. building for a church. There were differ¬ And i Lie Vnder ground ences of opinion as just where to lr cate , Entombed in Clay, i the new church, but, finally, a site close to Until ye day the old blockhouse was selected by lot, 1 Hear ye Trumpet Sound. and the £400 raised for the object expended During the War of the Revolution the in the construction of a building which church building was used as a. barrack for was at that time considered a masterpiece the red coats, and many of those w'ho died of church architecture. are interred in the ground lying rounda¬ Imported brick was used in its building bout. A few of the soldiers’ graves are and the excellence of the material is at¬ marked by stones. Originally the ground tested by the fact that even to-day it owned by the parish included most of stands firm and strong, and bids fair to Southwark and some of Kensington. Sven last a century or more longer. The original Swanson and his children liberally en¬ building consisted merely of a nave the dowed the church. But the several hun¬ eastern end of which terminated in three dred acres of land, which would now make sides of an octagon, the choir being in the an almost invaluable property, were al¬ western end and a porch extending beyond lowed in large part to get without the con¬ Its present shape, due to some alterations trol of the parish, and some of this land made from time to time, is cruciform with has been regained only with great difficulty. a nave, an octagon projection for the'fiian- The church to-day is in fairly good re¬ I cel, and transepts forming the two arms pair, and its graveyard is carefully watched of the cross. The chancel was a place of over and kept in order. A brick building sepulture. A high, peaked roof, on which has been erected for Sunday school pur¬ is perched a quaint belfry, adds to the i poses, and the parish is in excellent finan¬ venerable appearance of the structure The cial condition. Before the death of Dr. bell in this belfry is cast, it is said, from Collin, whose ministry covered a period the metal which made up the bell that which saw two wars with Great Britain, called the earliest congregation of the the Rev. Dr. Clay came to the parish, and church together. The church was dedicated since his time there has been a succession on the first Sunday after Trinity, July •> of rectors whose energy and teachings have the Rev. Bjork officiating. The changes borne good results. in the building have been only those neces¬ sitated by the increase of congregation for a period and by the wear of time. A gal¬ lery was put up, and the church, almost exactly as it looks to-day, altered in the interior in 1846. The relics in the_church are curious. The « / 52

\fork can no man do. Whether the wiriiF from the river blew hot'; or cold, he would awaken at his old watch hour, at 4 o’clock A. M.. and • go below to build a fire and make his morning cup From, of coffee. On a freezing, gray morning, when ice lay thick in the Delaware and the sun had not risen above the horizon, and he .ft hugged the open fire with animal-like desire for heat, there came a ringing knock on the barred outside door, ac¬ centuated by the stamping of feet. Date, .. //fJ “For love of the flag, old citizen, let us in,” was the remark that greeted the captain as he cautiously slid back the bolts from the heavy door. J‘We saw^the |

Dahlgren. howitzer, captured by the rebels at Norfolk, In 1S60. recaptured by Farragut’s fleet, at New Orleans, in 1862. Recaptured by the rebels, at Sabine Pass, Texas, by the United States schooner Velocity, January, 1S63. Again recaptured by United States schooner Panola, at Matagorda Eay, from Rebel Privateer Anadale, in February, 186D. , light of your fire through the' window OWN at League Island Navy Yard, and we beg a ray of heat. Coffee, too, D in a little by George!” the stranger continued, as ordnance he saw the steaming pot by the hearth; “and enough for more than one, I hope," • he added, as he gauged its seeming ca¬ pacity. few The old captain by this timie was in a they may have known flutter of excitement. He was calling his times. wife and his daughter, putting on a ket¬ Yet, standing there, out tle of, hot water and saying in between times. out of service, it would “Tell me the latest news.” reflection if guns could think. Its story His guest and his followers wore the is unknown even by the man who sits blue he loved so well; they were mem¬ in the front office, but its mouth has bers of a Massachusetts regiment, and spoken in solid argument for its coun-i the spokesman was the regiment • sur¬ try’s rights. geon. They were dirty and half frozen, Fate and Nature have tried to sup-1 and nearly starved, but they had come to the most hospitable spot outside of press It; man has compelled it to com-1 their own homes. They had first gotten mit treason; the seas have rolled over oti the jtrain coming up from Maryland its grave; officers and men have fought which stopped down in that quarter of for its possession; opposing nations have the town in the ’60s. warred over its value, but against re¬ When they journeyed on their way the bellion from Mexico to Charleston it has captain, his family and neighbors stood to watch them off, and the captain’s given its work to Union. parting cry was “If, any more of your Once it served its country in the most men are hungry, send them here.” unique way a gun could serve, but in “Aye, that I will,” responded the sur¬ a manner that made thousands of stom¬ geon. achs bless it. And that's the story the . So the captain decided not to be caught grayJhaired gunner told me, as he laid| unaware. Moreover, he thirsted for bis hand caressingly on its sides. news from the fields; he had sons in struggle—who knew but he might get Down near Washington street wharf tidings of them fresh from them? All lived an old captain, (of the merchant service), in 1S60. He was-too old to en¬ ter active war duty,, but, he sent his sons as tribute to the, cause—and Jjetter EXPERIMENTS

5EI1T THR0U6H the portholes op TM£'mON5UiE5'bt CMStafS- TOM w/mTIa/oRTH SHELL F ROM PORT FI5HE^

W/irEPy SWELL)

BLAKELY CORED SHELL 6RAPE— LflfTC/REf SHjOT- NEAR CHflRltSrOPl

Cfl H ISlEF^

[day the coffee"stood on the hearth *-• r: -^gjs i -f°r the guest. And those guests came over the eatables Every straggler from the army, every ; It needed gallons of wounded or hungry man that the trains coffee now to revive the spirit brought in, Sound a hospitality un¬ of the soldiers—and that coffee could equalled in that little house by the river. not stand for days? So the captain No thanks, no money were needed “i searched for a vigorous signal to warn am serving my country,” was the cap¬ the quarter when the soldiers came. tain’s proudest answer. He told his wants to his military guests, j “Let it be a gun,” they said. And they promised to get one for him. But things grew too important for So the next troop that came up from the one family to attend unaided : Perryville, Md., brought a, field piece The “neighbors” rallied to help, the city with them and helped the captain heard of the generous soul who now lived for only that one purpose. The .mount it. It was a tributs from the adjacent families began to cook all [army, for that gun had a "glorious rec- the substantial that would keep, and I ord. still the regiments poured in. It was captured by the Mexicans from Mr. William Cooper had 100 deal "ta¬ the United States troops in the Mexican bles made and sent do^^n to lighten war; it* was recaptured by our men; matters; the bakeries of the quarter it was sunk on board the United States put up one hundred fresh loaves for revenue schooner Union. But fate in¬ the captain’s disposal; dairies offered tended better than a"sailor s grave Tor quarts of milk and this old man found it; it was recovered, hauled to the sur¬ himself the manager of a refreshment face and placed in the Philadelphia sal.oon unequaled in the history of the | armory as a curiosity and part of the: nation. i nation’s history. When the call came; Bui here rose a question. The bak¬ i from Lincoln this fieldpiece was at once eries, dairies, merchants and neighbors sent out to Perryville, Md., in 1S61, and , could not keep their eyes on Incoming after so varied a service to its coun¬ trains, as the host of the inn did;—how, try it was loaned to the captain who therefore, where they to know now put over the door thp sign, "Union Volunteer Refreshment Saloon,” at which post it sounded its peace cry dur¬ ing those years of strife. It changed its 54 VI -

i£

the gun would go; for, to tell a secret, ission 'from a destroying to a _ saving the grey haired gunner who has it down -ace, but with like end in view, it in that unknown, unfrequented minia¬ •ily altered its means Vo that end. ture museum on League Island, is the 70-vear-old son of the Washington street When its note sounded there was a host, who did unto every man’s sons bustle and hurry and scurry. J?ret^ as he would that other men should do maidens put on gala attire and the unto his sons. babies were washed and dressed to kiss the soldier laddies. Matrons and grand¬ But this gun is only the centre piece mothers got out bandages and ointment of this wonderful miniature, museum. "ray headed men rushed to hear the There is another gun which has a latest news and boys came with envying history. It is a 12-pounder, Dahlgren eyes to feast their senses on their uni¬ howitzer. It was captured by the rebels formed heroes. Many a romance was at Norfolk, recaptured by Fa.rragut s w’oven and snapped m that humble - fleet at New Orleans in 1862, again taken where coffee was served in the name by the rebels at Sabine Pass, Tex., ; of the flag; many a jest was laughed at ^ from the United States schotoner Ve¬ j and many a tragedy was wept over, locity, in January, ’63; taken back by too in Mata¬ while the neighbor’s maidens fed the United States schooner Panola gorda Bay from the Confederate pri¬ fighters and the old captain smiled as vateer Annie Dale in February, ’65. he looked on, and the old gun which There ai£ also utw*o ship guns from knew more than them all shone in sun¬ the war of 1S12—showing significantly shine and sleet and thundered forth its the progress in war instruments: fQi_as_ mission. „ . 24-pounders they were considered very This is the story, and for my part large, while now we tip the sea e I think that fieldpiece should nave a 1100 pounds. . place of hon'or alongside the Liberty Hand grenades are there that aid sei- Bell—but, confidentially, I don t believe A /'• 55

■ (jffUtW THE t^St

•lbs cannonade at the tor> is a thirtv-twn nmm/in board the .British sloop-of-war Cyane on thn on , „fPdt captured on States frigate Constitution, Captain Stuart^ nm2t° February -0, 1815, by the United British sloops Cyane and LeyanH — ---~- la the engagement^ with the

foue&hrhhancIShtoS h 5r‘lPPLed and ten feet lon^ with*1 h BoardmS Pikes, tbYh eVen 80 recent here were only two guns out of which fired: these wei-e boTh m Charleston,ChZlZUld bSone at White Point, near the inch aSohdaIshotatthaT tW0 U" through the port holes of^h ^areerin& Whery tTd 0ne at the Custom House from Confederate fortes^ off^hW*8 Charleston® possessi™ of and rnpfio ^ i on charleston. onarleston the Confederates euchred them out of part of their prize bv blow¬ ing up the big English guns. The ex¬ sr£££^>a.2i.W plosion was as tremendous and shook the °if is houses in the town almost as severelv as i the earthquake of ’.85. The gunner wk ^"4sr«a“h5a ’i* »h£ ! wMhe^Ty SOt •$200° for bis capture bunches of grapes that would have c^T but the Blakely shot were useless so he brought them North in the Shenandoah Water shtllf wUh^tsV^h and two are now with him on League let the waves slip* through wtthou?'U° pedmg the velocity of tho iw ‘ Na™‘ H«»* *»■> lasses that Ic'oked as if thev h^?1’ CUt' in the middle ages, a WltwSth .tv™* There are many more relics in this tured at Fort Fisher and ^ side of little room, whose ceiling is made of tattered flags, whose guardian is the i gunner whose history is known only to 1 himself, and of whose identity Philadel ) phians seem to know little We Americans are too busy making b^s^ss?1”* re,,“s™ *«■ histm-y to preserve the history that if They were captured , by the gunner who told the htat?“ ““ the saloon gun. He was on thQ T Augusta and they ran the Princes^Rova? ashore on Rattlesnake Sho^i R >al Charleston. She was bringing ov^r ZoZ Liverpool shot for the Blakely rifles S in the Carolina city. y s then

;>. M\ ing his first administration, during which time his stepson, young Custts, attended the Germantown Academy. During his j second Administration, the General also I resided in Germantown while the yellow fever raged in Philadelphia. From, The Pennsylvania State Government was in Germantown at a later period, and while Jefferson was President some of his officers lived in a house on Main . Street near the site of the Germantown, Bank. The Mo-ris House is a fine old-style I ' mansion, with a garden which though I Date, - /

“ Aunt Jane ” McFarlane Opened the First Primary School in This City and Taught for From, ..... &Ubi/r Forty Years. n r The oldest school teacher in Philadel¬ phia, Mrs. Jane K. McFarlane, celebrated the ninety-second anniversary of her birth on Saturday at her home. No. 1532 Park avenue. “Aunt Jane,” as she is called, " ^ ^ Date. ... Jc taught school for forty years. She opened 'h'l the first primary school in this city. It was located near Broad and South streets. In talking to a reporter about her first ex¬ fc-A. JLA CL e,j perience as a teacher she said: Historical Building Sold. “The pupils regarded me as some divine Samuel T. Fox & Co*, have Just concluded messenger and listened attentively to every- the sale and conveyance to Daniel D. Muilin t thing I said. There was no need of whipping and Hugh H. Hibbltt, for $11,000, of the brick or of scolding. It was the first primary and stone building, known as ‘‘The Runny- school in Philadelphia, and my recollection mede Club,” situated at the corner of Balti¬ is that it was opened in 1835. When I began more and Owens avenues, Lansdowne, Dela¬ to teach in public schools they gave me only ware county. The original building was .$250, and the highest amount I ever re¬ erected in 1732, and is rich in historical at¬ tractions, Generals Washington and Lafayette ceived was about $550. having slept in the house on their .way to the “The school hours were longer in the old battle of Brandywine. The Historical Society days. They were from 9 to 12 and from 2 of Delaware county are contemplating the to 5 o’clock, and every other Saturday the purchase of this property for their own use. children had to go to school. I also taught Sunday-school in the old Pine Street Pres¬ byterian Church, at Fourth and Pine streets. On Saturday afternoons I did my visiting. I have been a member of the Dor¬ cas Society from its very foundation.” From, Aunt Jane is in robust health and in pos- ^pssmp of all her faculties. .W

Date,

formeiT resident of valley forge. Who Now Lives In Frackford andClai_sto be 103. Frankford near Philadelphia claims to have in Mrs. Catharine Brophy a a woman who has lived to the advanc¬ ^■'There are one or two old buildings in ed age of 103 years, and has outlived Germantown which are in a less degree four generations of children. Mrs. worjUi something of the same kind of Br phy claims t > have been born Feb. attention recently so lavishly given by the Society of the Colonial Dames to In¬ 1st, 1793, in Ireland. dependence Hall. The most important At an early age she went with her is the Morris House, on Main Street, op¬ parents to Leeds, England, where she posite Mill, where Washington lived dur- was married at the age of 16 years and wmmmm continued to reside there until 1844, I w®u 8 k6 Cjme to tbis country to join I her husband who had preceded her and settled at Valley Forge ’ ' „rruhulband died at Valley Forge and she shortly afterward remarried’ Her secomi husband was wounded in homI^ar °f the ^ebel,ion.and returned S?“ld£“ &ar°le Witb a Mattered ?hoa de Ibe w°und impaired his health and he died April 16, 1865. Mrs. Brophy bore eleven children only one of whom is living. The old woman lives in a second- nn°rnr^0mJa a, house in Prankford, street anHd 8?reefc’ below Church hloHvIr d enJ°y8 remarkably good health for one of her years. She re ceives a pension of $8 a month from tv^StT Phh^lpWaEs, if asked how many the Government, and manages to live were Uncle Sam’s naval and military propei- comfortably; goes to church on Sun- ties in Philadelphia, would answer three— Arsenal, League Island aud the ^nd ay?nc*s to ber own market- Naiai Home. As a matter of fact there are tr?i^aDd co°hing* She began smoking four, and the fourth is of great age and tobacco many years ago, and believes plenty of contemporaneous interest, but has the habit has enabled her to pass the ?ne^ g0tt^ aU excePt those who live century mark. p M ine Sn its immediate neighborhood and by the

brmmuimm CMiiimumi mmi&Aiu, mwmmmtml 'm upt/iutii m«l Q, %

GATEWAY OF the SCHUYLKILL ARSENAL.

Jpffi uA J^ghuylioitLc r: ----- Vi> UNCLE SAM’S GREAT STORAGeY^ot ON GRAY’S FERRY ROAD ALMOST FORGOTTEN NOty BY PHILADELPHIANS. large business houses and contractors which lengths), facing cloths of the most beautiful deal with it. and brilliant hues, bright colored silk, boots, Down at the foot of Washington avenue, cornets, trumpets, bassos, drums, trom¬ on the Schuylkill river, stands the largest bones, clarinets—many to be “weighed in general depot of the United States Quarter¬ the balance and found wanting,” and the master’s Department in the country, and by innocent causes of a damn or two from a far the most important; and it has borne disappointed contractor. Here also may be this reputation for many years; the Arsenal seen a silver knife, fork or a spoon—oh, yes was begun some little time prior to 1S00, the boys in blue while in garrison, dine “ and originally the buildings comprised a with silverware and vitrified china. We did laboratory, a powder magazine, etc. But not do it at Valley Forge; however, we could when the Frankford Arsenal was estab¬ repeat Valley Forge when necessary. lished, in 1816, the storage of arms ceased at the Schuylkill Arsenal, if it had ever been It would take too long, nor is it important, used for that purpose; and it had been used ■ as a depot as early as 1806, and now for to explain how this vast stock is distrib¬ more than 80 years it has been used as a uted throughout these ponderous brick store¬ place of manufacture of all sorts of supplies houses. But there are interesting things for the army. Here the greater portion of to be seen among them beside the mere the army’s uniforms are manufactured and accumulation of tunics, helmets, sashes, jilumes and military _gear without end. In

1

. V. . -•>*

CUTTERS AT WORK ON CLOTHING.

the tent department, for instance, is to be many other articles pertaining to the Quar¬ found the government quartermaster’s ex¬ termaster’s Department are supplied, every¬ hibit at Chicago and Atlanta—and when a thing being carried in the vast stock, aggre¬ Times reporter visited the arsenal some gating millions of dollars, from needles and days ago, it was just being unpacked under thread to a soup tureen. the auspices of an old man-o’-war’s man, The arsenal grounds cover an area of Harry Thompson, once quartermaster on seven and one-half acres. The principal the Hartford under Farragut. And a scene buildings are four in number and are grouped of rare confusion these dummy figures pre¬ so as to form a hollow square; in the centre sented. General officers, officers of the line of this square is a circular parade from and staff, non-commissioned officers, pri¬ which rises the flagstaff. There are also vates—there was a general leaning famil¬ other buildings, including the commanding iarity against a private, here a Puritan sol¬ officer’s residence, the laboratory before dier, one of Miles Standish’s “sturdy men- spoken of and so on; but in the four big at-arms” with his Bible tied around his brick buildings around the quadrangle is neck talking with an Apache Indian Scout. stored every article that Uncle Sam’s sol¬ During the unpacking of these dummy fig¬ diers can need in any duty or emergency. ures there was rather a lull in the tent¬ To appreciate the extent of the supplies making, which, however, is carried on on a stored here you have only to visit the office most ingenious method—devised by the old of the chief inspector, which presents a ex-quartermaster, who is also something sight of the most incongruous articles—sam¬ of an artist and prepared the papier machfc ples, samples everywhere, on shelves, tables, figures for the great expositions himself in¬ pigeonholes—hats, caps, helmets, plumes, deed. shoes, gauntlets, stockings (not the opera fl1Tb® “us®’.,m represents with absolute fidelity the history of the American uniform from Washington to Miles. Curiously enough standards, p umes-ail 4hi ' uuiforms. the manner of wearing the hair and beard jcumstances of glorious war ” PtZ *“? cir" has always been considered part of the uni¬ 'contained old sabres helt-o Tbf first case form. Thus in one of General Washington's tridge bores, eaeh havin

tile strength. , For textile strength a piece of the material edges; with dark blue aniline, a greenish is put in the jaws of a cloth testing machine. color. | The jaws of this machine are one inch wide, Chlorine fumes with alizarine, a light drab, the test being on the basis of strength to the shading towards yellow; dark blue indigo square inch. After the cloth is fastened and alizarine in equal parts, a light drab, securely the inspector slowly turns a crank, shading into blue; sky blue indigo, a dirty the jaws separate gradually and a dial reg¬ buff; dark blue indigo, a bright buff; dark isters the strain in pounds. This test re¬ blue aniline, gamboke yellow; logwood, a quires kersey to sustain a strain of 65 pounds dirty blueish yellow. in the warp and 60 pounds in the filling be¬ In the case of the bright-colored facing j fore the fibre shows a sign of parting. This cloths used to “face” the uniforms, no ef¬ is then followed by a microscopic count of forts are spared to determine their fastness. the number of threads, both in the warp and They are exposed to all sorts of weather, | filling. from the hot house to rain. The question as to the shade of color is of When the Major desired to determine the great importance, it being necessary that the percentage of wool in a fabric before test¬ ing for the dye, he prepared a strong solu¬ shade corresponds with the sealed standard samples. A very fine pair of eyes is, of tion of potash, boiled it therein and washed the remainder dry, then weighed it. The course, the prime requisite. The sample to be judged and the standard are taken and { potash eats the wool and leaves the cotton or linen. Likewise he dissolved the cotton in laid side by side, avoiding the direct rays of the sun and yet guarding against too much a mixture of three parts of sulphuric acid and two of saltpetre and then treated the shadow. Ordinarily there is a slight dif¬ fabric, after drying, with ether and alcohol. ference, but for a piece of goods to success¬ Silk is dissolved by a potash solution or hy¬ fully pass the inspector the difference should not be so marked as to be noticeable, ex¬ drochloric acid. cept upon critical examination. Experience shows that where a difference Should there be any doubt as to the quality of the cloth it is tested by a machine called of shade exists the proximity of the samples the “napmeter.” This consists of a wheel naturally magnifies the difference. If the admitting a piece of cloth about an inch sample is lighter than the standard, placing wide, to be wound about it like a tire. Rest¬ them together has the effect of causing the ing upon this cloth tire are two weights with sample to appear lighter than it really is, their surfaces roughened like a blacksmith’s and vice versa. If the sample be placed be¬ rasps. They are controlled by small weights tween two similar shades, one darker and which regulate their pressure upon the cloth. the other lighter than itself, the edges of On the face of the instrument are three small the sample itself will appear to be of differ¬ dials, much like those found on the ordinary : ent shades, the edge near the dark piece gas meters, which register the number qf appearing lighter than the edge near the revolutions of the wheel. The cloth, being light piece. Major Williams, who commands adjusted the wheel is revolved uniformly the Schuylkill Arsenal, says that he has until the abrasion breaks the material. This found by experiment that often when a dif- determines the resistance of the cloth to ! ference appears inspectors do not agree as wear. to what the difference is, one pronouncing Should the sample be fortunate enough to it darker than the standard, only to be con¬ pass these tests the entire shipment is placed, tradicted by the other, and as the “effect piece by piece, upon a patent examining of the contiguity of white is to deepen all machine. This machine admits the exam¬ hues,” the only way to determine the matter ination of every inch of the material and is to lay the samples upon white paper, and automatically registers the number of yards there is then no difficulty in agreeing as to as it passes over a roller of known diame¬ the difference actually existing. ter. This examination is conducted in a Experience has also taught that the eye is j strong light, all imperfections are sought prone to become deadened to a color long out and a tag placed opposite each on the examined. Care is exercised to Inspect no selvldge, that- the cutters may avoid it. The goods after using the eye on colors which shade of color is here also carefully scanned, make the eye unduly susceptible to the color the length of the nap examined, its manner to be examined. of finish or evenness, the regularity of the dye, mill streaks, scouring, etc., are watched. The question of weight per linear yard All imperfections are deducted, according must be considered, which involves a careful to their nature, and no piece of goods is ac¬ weighing of the samples. cepted with an unreasonable number of de¬ Uncle Sam requires also that the cloth en¬ fects. The result of all this is that our little tering into his uniforms shall be dyed in army secures clothing of exceptionally good the wool with a “fast” dye, and seldom al¬ quality and uniform in all particulars. The lows anything but a pure indigo. To ascer- _ necessity of this is readily appreciated when tain whether the contractor has used the one stops to consider that each man from the specification dye involves the test with acids. Atlantic to the Pacific, Canada to the Gulf, Major Williams in a series of experiments is charged the same price for his uniform, while in charge of the clothing department and no matter where or when different_com- ; at San Francisco, came to the following con¬ manasniay oe on duty Together there must j clusion with respect to the action of acids be no discrepancy either in the quality or upon army clothing: Sulphuric acid on dark color of their uniforms. blue indigo dye gives no perceptible change, AVhen silver is offered on a contract sam¬ on dark blue aniline dye no perceptible ples are sent to the Mint for assay, as are change, dark blue indigo, with a bottom dye also all the uniform buttons and gold lace, of alizarine, no perceptible change; with dark which latter are required tob e gold p IaTedT blue logwood, a bright crimson; dark blue and the tests are infinite. An ordinary glass j alizarine, no perceptible change. tumbler must first be placed in water at a Nitric acid with dark blue indigo gives a temperature of 44-42 degrees Fahrenheit and bright^ yellow, with a green tinge to the then transferred to another bath containing edges; with dark blue analine, a greenish yellow; with dark blue Indigo, with alizarine bottom, orange, with a greenish edge; dark upon the b v h Packers are placed

marked, which are nm ‘i6S ?nd bales are , ;*re proofs” T

MSoerCC0h““easnw°Wh,?iArSenaI ls ves^d In enteredWest PffinMn ^3°r stitution he graduated in lsVfi™'“ whmh m- f youngest SmaIoarndi‘S’ ^ the I Williams is assisted in hls eStive^work bjr Captain Gonzalez S. Bingham, the junior captain of the department. Captain Bing- • ! ham has been but recently appointed from the cavalry, where he saw his share of rough ! service among the Indians. His popularity among his comrades in arms is only equaled by that which he enjoys among his civilian friends in Philadelphia. water at a temperature of 192-194 degrees’ The offices are in the able charge of T. W. UncleS^m' ‘S^?Ukl U survive this test: Williams, the major’s brother, who has been connected with the civil service since 1881. trust in hT« erS sufficiently strong to trust in ins garrisons. The chief inspector is a gentleman well In the matter of boots and shoes, insnec- known to Philadelphia business men, Chas. rs are stationed at the factories of the A. Gladding, who formerly occupied a re¬ sponsible and important position in Wana- fned1^018' filCh pieee of stock is exam- maker’s. Upon the two latter gentlemen a tannage. S° the hIdeS’ for qua*1^ and large share of responsibility rests, they be¬ The uniforms, excepting the “dress” coats ing directly under the army officers in and overcoats, are made by women onera- charge. W,h° caI1 for. ttje work each Monday, This is the Schuylkill Arsenal, a monument Wednesday and Friday, and take it to their to the city as she is, as she was and as she homes, returning with the made garments will be again in sterner times under the the following week. These un if onus are shadow of the sword—the base of supplies. undDereSthmT3 bJ reguIar arsenal employes Vv direction of the clothier, and if passed by them the operative receives a LeCokfflWhiCh‘S honored the chie? clerk at bered bv 1°t?en th*is emPlo>'ed are num- steeadil?yemtSoid°USa ’ tll0USh °0t always All requisitions for quartermaster’s sun- fir General fnawr°hed by the Quartermas- ■»6e,0re ,hw »»

The manner in which clothing is shinned to the army is in curious contrast to the ordinary business method. A packing list is issuing department. * This departmentZnJfed >°/ turnsbe the articles over to the packing department. Here they are counted and recounted by different packers! ““ be ing employed on a single box. The box is first lined throughout with petroleum or “tar” paper, over which is spread manilia wrap- P ng paper The uniforms are then ca!e- fully packeii, each layer being sprinkled with naphthaline. The box is then nailed and strapped. On the lid there are several screws sunk ,n augur holes, which have been drilled slightly below the surface. After the screws are in place they are covered over with sealing wax until the wax is nMriI JL 7 From, . flush with the surface of the lid. The fechuyikill Arsenal seal is then imprinted It is now impossible to open the box without breaking the seals. This done the exact QMdi.(h._ contents and sizes of the garments are sten ciled upon the outside. This agrees with the packing list, the quartermaster genera] .! order, the requisition and the invoices and re- Da,te,j[hu /'jL.'l'fA |ceipts. In addition to the above the names ©in of

JUSTICE MITCHELL (QeetMry

YlevecT to be unique', “The Dead March HE rich collection of prints, auto¬ and Monody, performed in the Lutheran graphs and rare manuscripts gath¬ Church, Philadelphia, on Thursday, De¬ ered by Justice James T. Mitch¬ cember 20), 1799, being part of the music ell, of the Supreme Court of selected for the final honors to our late Pennsylvania, was very materially illustrious chief. General George Wash¬ enriched the other day by the ington, composed for the occasion and acquisition of an exceedingly scarce; respectfully dedicated to the Senate of piece of old music bearing a portrait the United States by their obedient and of General Washington, for which Judge humble servant, B. Carr.” Mitchell has been looking for years In The Monody was sung by Miss Broad- vain; indeed, this old song Is supposed hurst, who was a prominent membbr of to be unique, as the Judge, after dili¬ the stock company at the theatre. On gent research, has been unable to dis¬ account of Its age and historic interest, cover another copy anywhere. the words of this old song are .worthy’ The song in question is entitled “The of reproduction. They are as follows: Favorite New Federal Song, Adapted to Sad are the tidings rumor tells, the President’s March.” It was publish¬ A grateful people mourn his end. ed in 1798, and is as a matter of fact Amidst the brave and just he dwells, ■ A nation's father and its friend. the earliest known issue of “Hail Colum¬ bia.” Beneath the rare portrait of With honor crown’d, mature in age, Washington which adorns the title page He fell, the wonder of mankind. is the following inscription: "Behold the Laden with laurels left the stage, Chief, who now commands.” The binding Nor leaves, alas, his like behind. of this old song brings to mind an in¬ teresting history in connection with its Seated In bliss supreme on high, O, spirit, dear, attend our pray’r, production. The title page says that Our guardian angel still be nigh, It was sung by Mr. Fox and written Make thy lov’d land thy heav’nly care. by J. Hopkinson, Esq. Gilbert Fox was The collection of early American music a Philadelphian by birth and an etcher has ias yet received but little attention and engraver by trade. There is a cu¬ from general collectors, but the time is rious view executed by him still In fast coming when the curious old songs existence entitled “Philadelphia in of our forefathers will be greatly sought 1797.” after, as, apart from their, musical value, they possess considerable interest from Having a good voice, and an inclination a dramatic and historical standpoint. towards the dramatic art, he forsook the graver’s tool and took to the stage. All writers on the early history of the He was generally cast for walking gen¬ American stage have found these old tleman, and occasionally did service be¬ songs of the greatest .value their tween the play and the farce, by sing¬ work; often when a playbill is lacking ing a patriotic song. He was, however, they serve to conclusively prove the ap¬ not particularly popular with the patrons pearance of an actor in this or that dis¬ of the theatre, and when his benefit was i puted part. The worst of the matter is, cast for the 23d of April, 1798. he was from the collector’s point of view, that able to sell but very few tickets and in these early songs are now very rare. despair bethought himself of some way Music after it has become old is not by which he could attract the public. kept or taken care of, and is soon lost He was a friend of Judge Hopkinson, or destroyed. It was the good fortune of who was known to occasionally indulge the writer to recently secure quite a In the rnuse, Fox consequently visited collection of old music, some'of it over the Judge and asked him to write for one hundred years old, published in Bos¬ his benefit a patriotic seng to the tune ton, New York and Philadelphia, the of “The President’s March,” then the greater portion, however, having been popular air, feeling that it would bring produced here, as at the tlrpe it waa him a full horse. Hopkinson at first printed this city was the center of at¬ refused on account of other pressing traction for all those interested in music duties, but finally consenting to the and the drama. importunities of his friend, he sat down and dashed off "Hail Columbia.” On the | A very large portion of this music night that It was first sung the theatre was published by one man, named G. was crowded, to excess, and so continued Wlllig. Mr. Willig is entitled to the dis¬ Tilt, ' ‘' After' hilght; for the rest of the tinction of having established the first a ' alng encored and repeated j music store in Philadelphia, He was ai es each evening. -

Mitchell has another rare old J music in his collection be- 63 r

pnnlfd for the Author and sold at Blake’s Musical fl/fofitory Philad^and I Carr’s Baltimore.

irr. — 1— * izti: -o- 6 =3 7"« —a lfc —« ' * i 00* =] J— r 4- 4- -at 4 B- m-m- »-75- /\H u “ .1 g.— 8—F—FH—t _ 1 pi • f H —F- -tf-fl—*7—p— iii i Si i _ 1 -:—i— -j— — f -

EARLY AMERICAN BALLAD SUNG DY SIR. JEFFERSON, THE GRANDFATHER OF OCR JOE.

Philadelphia, and William street, New native of Germany, and as early as 1794 York," are in this collection. kept a music store at No. 1S5 Market Carr, who was a brother of Sir John street,. He afterwards removed to No. Carr, an Englishman of some literary 12 South Fourth street, and subsequent¬ ability, was an accomplished musician, ly to the building, No. 171 Chestnut educated in music under tho celebrated street. Wllllg published in the neighbor- Dr. Samuel Arnold and John Wesley. hood of three hundred songs and instru¬ He was not only a fine performer, but mental pieces, as is proved by his cata¬ also a successful composer, the "Mon¬ logue, in the writer’s possession. He ody,” or Dead March in Judge Mitch¬ ell’s collection, being only one of his also engaged in the sale of pianos and many musical productions. other musical instruments, and was a musician of some ability. In the collection before me is found an old song entitled “When Nights Were About 1793 George E. Blake cattle'over Cold,” an original song, composed by Mr. from England, settled in Philadelphia R. Carr, of Philadelphia, and introduced and began to manufacture pianos. in the opera of the “Children of the Blake also taught the flute and clarionet, and started a music store. There are a Woods.” As an organist, Mr. Carr is number of his publications in this old said to have been one of the finest per¬ collection. The arrival of Blake in this formers of which this city could boast, city aroused the Friends to the fact and his services in the city churches of that their town was fast becoming musi¬ all denominations were always in de¬ cal. and, as a consequence, they threat¬ mand. He was -the leader of the first ened to put Blake in prison if he did not presentations in Philadelphia of selec¬ stop teaching their boys to “blow the tions from Handel’s “Messiah” and clarionet.” Nothing came of it Jioweven Haydn’s “Creation.” After a short time In the year 1793 there was an addition Mr. Carr became associated in business to the resident population of this city with another capital musician, who by the arrival of two professional musi¬ found a home in Philadelphia, George cians who were not connected with the C. Schetky, and from that time on the theatre. One of these was Benjamin imprint of the music produced by these Carr who established himself as a music two gentlemen was as follows: "Phila¬ publisher at No. 118 Market street. A delphia: Printed by Carr & Schetky." number of songs published by him at his After a brief mention of the early music “Musical Repositories, Market street. publishers of this city, it is interesting to turn to the songs they produced, par¬ first of her songs is entitled “The Cap¬ ticularly those of a historical or the¬ tive,” a very pensive composition, said atrical connection. Among them are sev¬ to have been written by Marie Antoinette eral songs made famous by Miss Broad- in the Temple, after the execution of hurst, to whom reference has already I,ouls XVI. The title page informs us been made in connection with her part that it was sung by Miss Poole at the I in the first production of Mr, Carr’s Oratorios, Master Walsh and Miss I “Monody.” . as smart ) been a ] e as a man ed that s< alive. At ily and at c use her fixt Csionally to j e peculiar s. At last, human hea< sveled and >rward unti: i the prison 'y. The w teyes to gll heart pou: and over it ; sentry anc nmovably *n the head hed them w ally the pi lo box and rais reat length ed, “you Smatti of tfw Unitul Stabs. >S if you fo r. That’s s their Ohe- humble ServJ Even if y'< good wall< moment an iH ;lling to be ci Set adarne so smart.” sentry lool

? And amed some . this the capt astonishme sentry wii irony. "Y < )urse. You Pine kind o: we—" ■suddenly ceas md that brc ig-ht. It was ant shot th« the hills by the hoai a faraway y surprise, pe nt later, the spattering oi ;he prisoner their lips a' "orchard at ien tumult, ramble and TITLE OP WASHINGTON’S MARCH FROM THE COLLECTION OF JUS. Miss Broadhurst, who is said to have BrcadHursFat The Ladies’ Private Sub¬ been both young and beautiful, came scription Concert, evidently in London, over to this country from England to before Miss Broadhurst’s visit to Amer¬ join Wignell and Reinagle’s company at ica. the New Theatre, on Chestnut street, above Fifth, about 1793, She was a sing¬ “When Pensive,” sung by Miss Broad- er of respectable talent, and generally sustained the second parts in opera. The *

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FIRST PIECE OF MUSIC ILLUSTRATED IN AMERICA. htirst. in “Bluebeard,” printed and sold by G. Willis, is another song in this col¬ ITT,? sun& by Mr.~ Jeffer- lection. This particular song seems to son in the Forty Thieves,” is the title Vt^ee? popular with all the ladles at of one of the old songs still preserved as the theatre, as B. Carr also published a memento of the founder of an illus¬ , a! his Musical Repository, but instead trious theatrical family. "A Ballad ” o. giving Miss Broadhurst the credit for sung by Mr. Jefferson Jn the "Tale of making it popular Mr. Carr asserts that J*rr°r\ 5omPosed by A. Reinagle. is of it was sung with great success by Mrs. double interest from the fact that Reina¬ Marshall. Mrs. Marshall, who was noted gle was one of our famous musicians m as having been excellent in such parts the very early days, and was noted as as romps and country girls, was pos¬ a.®11 .asL* manaPer of the old Chestnut sessed of a melodious and powerful so- Street Theatre. Reinagle composed many , prano voice, which she used with skill of the songs for his artists, and is said and musical precision. She was the wife to have been a master of the piano. He of Mr. Marshall, a vocalist of fine pow¬ was well connected, being a brother of ers and the principal tenor in Wignell the great English animal painter. Hugh & Relnagle’s company. Reinagle, his eldest son, became well known as a finished scene painter and drawing master. It is said that when ' Three very interesting old songs in Reinagle performed on the piano he this collection are particularly attractive looked, the personification of the patri¬ as they were sung by Mr. Jefferson, the arch of music. His appearance was im¬ grandfather of “Our Joe.” Joseph Jef¬ posing and of the grave and reverent ferson, the elder, was not only an actor list of Mr. Jefferson’s songs in this col¬ ot considerable ability, but also an ex¬ lection. There are several of Mr. Wood- cellent vocalist. He made his first an- pearance in Philadelphia, at the com¬ ham’s songs. Among them, “The Wealth mencement of the season of 1803 in I of the Cottage is Love” and “Love and the characters of Frank Oatlana and ■Gratitude,” as sung by Mr. Woodham in Dr. Lenative. 1 the dramatic opera of the “Travelers or Music’s Fascinations/’ one published by Wmm* Willlg and the other by Blake, as well as a duet, “Sweet is the Vale,” a favorite 3

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TITLE OP THE FIRST EDITION OF “HAIL song sung with most unbounded applause | kind. The first verse of the ballad com¬ by Mr. Woodham and Mrs. Warren. posed by him for Mr. Jefferson, to be sung in the “Tale of Terror,” is as fol¬ Woodham was well liked as an actor lows: and vocalist by the patrons of the Phil¬ Says I to dear Laura, come sit down by adelphia theatre, while Mrs. Warreh was me, . , the wife of the manager of the theatre; And let us discourse of sweet matrimony, she was twice married, her first husband Nay, never look grave, but smile on me, being Thomas Wignell. Mrs. Warren my dear, . „ ,, , . , Was a good actress, and a great favorite And say, as you smll6, let s be married with the public; several of her songs, be¬ this year. , Nay, never look grave, but smile on me, sides the duet mentioned, are in the col¬ my dear, , ,, . , , lection. And say, as you smile, let s be married An old song, entitled "Bruce’s Address this year. , , , to His Army,” a favorite Scotch song Yes, yes, yes, yes, we’ll be married, be as sung by Mr. Keene, recalls reminis¬ married this year, , , , cences of Keene, who, in October, 180b, Yes, yes, yes, yes, we’ll be married, be commenced his engagement in this city. married this year. Arthur Keene was a young Irishman, “O’er Dales and Mountains Stray,” who came to Philadelphia with a repu¬ a duet sung by Mr. Jefferson and Mrs. tation acquired in England, and at the | Seymour in the grand dramatic romance New York and Boston theatres he was • I of the “Forty Thieves,” concludes the one of the company which supported Garchi, afterwards Madame Malibran, at the Bowery Theatre In New York m 1827. Keene, it is said, had a very fine voice, but all accounts agree that he was The much a dmlr'd 092(7

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»NB OB' MBS. MERRY’S SONGS BY AN EARLY AMERICAN COMPOSER. I utterly Ignorant of musical knowledge and technique. ! auspices or George Gillingham, who was celebrated as a violinist and leader of the orchestra at the theatre. ! ™fre a^e ao less than n!n® songs of William H. Webster’s In this collection Mr. Gillingham was assisted at this and several of them of particular inter¬ ( concert by Mr. Carr and several others, est. Mr. Webster was one of the best but the great novelty of the evening was known vocalists that visited Philadelphia | the performance for the first time in in the early days. He was connected j America of the celebrated composition with the old Chestnut Street Theatre and with the Apollo Street Theatre which | Which was afterwards for a quarter of a ((Stood on Appollo street, a small highway (century pounded to death on pianos, fTunning from South to Shippen street "The Battle of Prague," adapted for between Fourth and Fifth. Oh the open- the orchestra by George C. Schetky. Two , ingf nigrht of this theatre, early in 1811 copies of this old composition are in the Mr. Webster made the address of wel¬ collection, both published by Willig, the come. On the title page of most of bio first edition when he was on Market I songs, it isnstarea, tnattriey^were sung street, doubtless published at or about | at the New Theatre (old Chestnut), of the time of Mr. Gillingham’s first con¬ cert. | course, with great applause. The title j page of one, however, "When She Smiles,” states that it was “sung by Mr In turning over the pages a refer¬ Webster at the Society of the Sons of ence to another of Mr. A. Relnagle's Apollo,” which was an old musical or¬ songs, sung by Mrs. Merry, who was ganization of this city, now long since among the most popular ladles In the¬ forgotten, under whose auspices occa¬ atrical circles In the early days must sional concerts were given. not be forgotten. The words of this song Mr. Webster must have added consid¬ are by Richard Brinley Sheridan. It erably to his Income by singing at con¬ was sung In the opera of the "Stran¬ certs, as two of his songs, we And were ger.” sung at Mr. Gillingham’s concert ’ "Soft Mr. Smalley was still another of the as Yon Silver Ray That Sleeps” and popular local vocalists during the first "Sally Roy.” Mr. Gillingham’s concerts few years of this century. He san~ are worthy of notice, as they were given with Mrs. Oldmlxon at a series of con” for several seasons, and patronized by \ certs which she gave at Masonic Hall in the most fashionable people of the city February, 1814. One song in this collec- The first one took place on the 5th of! ..... May, 1704. at Oeller’s Hotel, under the tion, sung by Mr. Smalley, Is entlfretlr "Sigh Not For Love," composed by Mr. Among the curiosities of music In thl# P. King. collection is the first piece of illustrated "Hark, Hark, the Joy-Inspiring Horn” j music published in this country. It was and “Tally-O, Hark Away,” two hunting Issued by G. E. Blake, and is entitled songs In this collection by Raynor Tay¬ "The Washing Day, a Ballad for Wet lor, recall to mind their author, who was Weather.” It is a facetious song, illus¬ a musician of considerable ability. He trated with seven etchings by Johnson, arrived in Philadelphia about the same who is known as the American Crutk- time as Benjamin Carr. From that pe¬ shank, his work greatly resembling the riod forward he was freauently before English caricaturist. The first verse of the public in concerts and musical en¬ the "Washing Day,” which is not alarm¬ tertainments. When the first perform¬ ingly funny, reads as follows: ance of a full oratorio took Diace in The sky with clouds was overcast, April, 1801, in the hall of the University The rain began to fall; of Pennsylvania Handel’s “Messiah” be¬ My wife she whipped the children. ing the composition produced, Mr. Tay¬ And raised a pretty squall. lor performed at the organ. She bade me, with a frowning look. To get out of her way; There is an old English song in thei Oh! the deuce a bit of comfort’s here, collection, which has, however, a local Upon a washing day! For ’tis thump, thump, thump, scrub, connection, from the fact that it was scold, scold away, no doubt first sung by the man whose The de’il a bit of comfort’s here. name appears prominently on the title Upon a washing day! page. It is entitled "The Thorn,” and was "sung by Mr. Incledon at the Thea¬ An interesting piece of historical mu¬ tre Royal, Covent Garden,, and in his sic, now entirely forgotten, as it is never new entertainment of variety, composed sung, is a patriotic song by Thomas by William Shield, the musician in or¬ Payne, son of Robert T. Payne, entitled dinary to His Majesty. The words are , "Rise Columbia,” the air being altered by Robert Burns.” There is another of and adopted' to the tune of "Rule Brit- Incledon’s songs in this collection pub¬ tania.” This song is said to be one of lished in this city by Carr & Schetky,1 the earliest of our patriotic songs set entitled "All's Well.” It is a duet. to music. The words are rather inane, and clearly demonstrate why the song Incledon was one of the most celebra¬ never became very popular; the first ted tenors in England during his day, verse reads as follows: and having won great honors in his own When first the sun o’er ocean glowol. country, he decided to come to America, And earth unveiled her virgin breast. I in 1818, during which year he appeared Supreme ’mid nature’s, ’mid nature’s I at the Chestnut Street Theatre. He gave vast abode. | a full round of the English operas, pop¬ Was heard that mightiest dread behest. ular at the time, "Love in a Village.'* Rise, Columbia, Columbia brave and “Lock and Key,” Castle of Andalusia, free, "The Waterman,” etc. He was said to p -j +V..& wi _ be particularly effective in singing senti¬ mental and serious songs.

In looking over the miscellaneous col¬ lection of Willig's publications, probably the most interesting, as it recalls a pe¬ culiar period in our national history, is a copy of the "Marseilles Hymn,”’ the favorite French national air. There is another song in the collection that well ostal goes with this, “The Downfall of Paris,” published by G. Graupner, at his Musi¬ cal Academy, 6 Franklin Place, Boston. f up°n the hills to be traversed. Here These two songs were printed about io Philadelphia the cars will be about 1702, when Citizen Grant, the first French 12 feet long, 6 wide and 6 high. The inside of the car will be ;ar- Minister to this country, with the assist¬ ,iVa fVla t~qji ance of Thomas Jefferson and other hot¬ ori,r OR the past month Messrs. Per- > heads, attempted to break down Wash¬ kins, Miles and Hartman, the ington’s policy of neutrality of the United, sub-committee appointed by l“e States towards other nations and to turn Public Building Commission to all Americans into partisan Frenchmen. look after the furnishing of the Giaydon, in his "Memoirs,” referring to rooms on the sixth floor of the Gent, says: “The most enthusiastic City Hall, to be occupied by the historic homage was too cold to welcome his ar- eld Law Library, have been busy en¬ rival, and the citizens were soon worked deavoring to get these new Quarters in I up to such a pitch that it was evident shape for occupancy as soon as doss I that the government, if possible, was to ble The members of this sub-comm - I be forced from its neutrality and that tee are lawyers, and were select^ be¬ ! nothing less than a common cause with cause in the opinion of the Public France and war of extermination with Building Commission they w*Je. England and the other monarchies of able to choose fittings which weie Europe would satisfy the self-made adapted to the needs of the Ubran Frenchman,” who day and night went the uses of the members of the bar. marching through the streets of Phila¬ The old Law Library, which wfiljoon delphia singing the "Marseilles” and be comfortably and adeo.uately olher French national songs. Fortunate¬ under the roof of our municipal building, ly Washington’s power was still suf¬ Is an interesting organization, and tne ficiently potent to put down these hot¬ eldest of its kind in the United States heads and the agitation came to nothing. the Law Library Company of the t in 'hiladelphia having- been incorpor- cn the 13th of March, 1802. by sev- two members of the Philadelphia

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INTERIOR VIEW OF THE LA1V LIBRARY WITH THE GREAT COLLECTION OF RARE VOLUME

acted as librarian. Ear for the purpose of maintaining a Law Library for the use of its members. As early as 1863 the old Law Library was kept in old Congress Hall, at the The first Board of Directors was com¬ southeast corner of Sixth and Chestnut posed of Joseph B. McKean. William streets, in the room directly over the Lewis, Edward Tilghman, William door of entrance on Sixth street; later Rawle, Jasper Moylan, Joseph Hopkins another room directly opposite the libra¬ and John B. Wallace. On the 29th of ry on the east side of the building was March, 1S27, the Law Association was added. A well authenticated tradition formed by the union of the “Law Li¬ Is that at an earlier date the library brary" and the “Associated Members of was kept in a room on the east side of the Bar of Philadelphia.” This last Independence Hall, in what was prob¬ mentioned society was an organization ably the office of the Cierk of the Su¬ whose membership was confined to the preme Court of Pennsylvania. In 1S76, members of the bar of the Supreme the book were removed to the present Court of the State. It chief objects are quarters of the library, in the cld Ath¬ said to have been td bestow a special enaeum Building, No. 219 South Sixth attention upon the practice of the bar. street. and the improvement of the rules of In 1SS8, through the influence of a practice adopted by the courts, to main¬ number of influential members of the tain the purity of professional practice, bar, the charter of this old library was to prevent unlawful intrusion upon the again amended. The objects of the ranks of the profession, and to afford- amended charter are as follows: ' pecuniary aid and relief to its members No. 1. The general supervision of the when necessary. members of the bar, and of all persons Upon the union of this association with connected officially with the administra¬ the Law Library Company, the charter tion of the law, and In charge of public of the Law Library was amended so as records, and in case of any breach of to include the greater part of the objects duty on th’eir part the institution of of the Associated Members of the Bar. such proceedings as may be lawful in William Rawle was elected the first respect thereto. chancellor; Horace Binney, vice-chan¬ No. 2. The improvement of the law, cellor; George M. Dallas, secretary; and of its administration; the protec¬ Thomas I. Wharton, treasurer, and un¬ tion of the bar and of judicial tribunals, til about 1840 the latter also practically " officers and members from inva- - ■ 70 * # ' *

sion of their rights," and the mainte.- nance of their proper influence. • over thirty thousand, ana is me? most > No. 3. The keeping, of a Law Library. complete library of its kind in the Since the amendment of the charter tinted States. It contains a very full the Law Association has greatly in¬ .set of the original laws of the United creased its membership and has ' been states, and also a very complete and exceedingly active in many ways. It has valuable set of records of cases argued done much towards the improvement of m the Supreme Court of the United the bar of this city, as well as increas¬ States since 1832. Many of these books ing theinfluence of its members. The were presented by Henry Baldwin, Jr. library also has been increased with amazing rapidity considering its very Much of the early growth of the li- slow growth in previous years. In 1888 SXfnf Ww ,^ue tothe labors of John it contained ess than 10,000 volumes, William Wallace, -Who was the first reg¬ while at the present time it comprises ular librarian. He; served for twenty

A STUDENT IN A CORNE R OF THE OLD LIBRARY, 71

years, or until i860. Samuel Dieksmi followed him, his term of offlce expiring’ in 1865, when James T. Mitchell took charge and remained in office until 1871 being succeeded by George Tucker Bisp- ham, who served until the Centennial From, i year, when Francis Rawle became libra- i rian and occupied this position until j 1S84. when he was succeeded by the .. : I present librarian, Luther E. Hewitt. To a member of the laity entering the old Law Library there is a certain dry and musty odor of antique volumes per¬ Date, ....~ 2~ "Z--^ £ j vading the rooms, while stillness reigns supreme, no one being permitted to speak above a whisper. On every side students poring over ancient tomes in their search of knowledge and iawvers looking up telling legal points to use in RARTRAM LIBRARY GIFT. their arguments before the courts are to be seen seated at the various reading Valuable Books andlkinket. Donated to desks, which are plentifully distributed about the large apartments. the Collection. r ft n°table addition to th^ The pleasure afforded by an inspection of the paintings belonging to the Li- |brary however, well repays a visit to this place by those who are not inter¬ ested in legal affairs. The Library owns about forty portraits of judges and members of the bar, comprising among otners the well-known portrait of Chief Justice Marshall, by Inman; also por¬ traits of Horace Binney, by Sully of Edward Tilghman, by R. Peale; of Chief Justice Gibson, by Street; of Chief Jus¬ at the ^ttlr's^athbR5^111' &nd tice Tilghman, by Nagle, after Peale and of William Rawle, by Inman! JanT Among the latest portraits acquired are those ot Furman Shepard, Judge Biddle went^m Maryhlwff°erto°nNatl,he I?rai* | and Lewis Wain Smith. The Library and when she died in 1858* shp1" Jol}es- I also possesses marble busts of Chief j Justices Marshall and Gibson. In 'this SS'w V connection it is worth while to men- lr°n the statue Chief Justice [ Marshall erected recently in Washring- ton, D. C., was mainly constructed anJ S°V.f John bS: carried to completion through the in¬ terest and influence of the Law Associa¬ tion. The chancellors of the association have been as follows: William Rawle from 182i to 1866, Peter S. Du Ponceau i from 1836 to 1844, John Sergeant from ESS Publlfflea ,ri Dublin? S 1845 until 1852, Horace Binney from 1S52 until 1854, Joseph R. Ingersoll from 185a SrS1 p&ssssz to 1857, William M. Meredith from 1857 until 1873, Peter McCall from 1873 until 1880, George W. Biddle from 1880 until men, and dated Oxford, England mst 1S84, and Joseph B. Townsend from De¬ cember 4, 1804. The present officers are as follows: Chancellor, Joseph B. Towmsend; vice ' chancellor. George T. Bispham; secre¬ tary. B. Frank Clapp; treasurer, John feur gr^sss’ A Houston Merrill; librarian, Luther E Hewitt. The general affairs of the cor¬ %“2M5V‘S’C poration are managed by a Library book of Elizabeth Radfleld. 180V “Do ICommittee consisting of twelve mem¬ mestm Cookery,- New York, 1817■’ “L ?: bers, and the censorship over the bar and Character," of Elizabeth Smith Mil jis in the hands of a committee of cen¬ I®. and writings of William Coop°r’ isti-’ sors composed of nine members. The ‘Wonders of Nature and Art " two a???1 affairs of the association at the present times London, 1S04; "Sketches^of ih* time are in a most flourishing condition.

is G.rs‘ FThedVlf|daied J>hijade,Phla, Ja.CeaSed certificates I rTllEK Howell, darted May of the botanist, and'N^timnlw^f'V^' September 11, 1794- an(g n °5es' dated I

/ / 4 ' ; at Mayllnsvllle, afterward Blockley, Into Organization of the Exchange. \ gunpowder factory, for the Govern¬ The building and the site as well are full of ment, and he was promptly turned out historical interest. The Corn Exchange, af¬ of meeting- by the Society of Friends for terward the Commercial Exchange, was or¬ his patriotism, and particularly because ganized in the old Merchants’ Exchange build¬ he had departed from the ways of ing, at Third and Walnut streets, early in P6The other gifts are: Drawings of January, 1864. The purpose of the organiza¬ moths and a mud-wasp’s nest, by Wil¬ tion was to bring into closer relations the liam Bartram, and of a pheasant, by grain dealers of this city. The Exohange George Edwards, dated May, 1760; a tin first met in the rotunda of the Merchants’ canister sent from London by Dr. John Exchange, but after a few months moved to Fothergill to William Bartram, in 1774, a hall at the southwest corner of Second and and a copy of the deed and plan of the Gold streets, which was occupied until the 'old school house at Fifty-second Street and Woodland Avenue, where Alexan¬ change was made to the Chamber of Com¬ der Wilson, the famous ornithologist, merce in 1869. taught school. d The membership gradually increased until __...... ' • in 1865 it numbered more than 400. During the war the Exchange made a noble record, raising about 830,000 for the relief of the fami¬ lies of the soldiers, and at a special meeting on July 24, 1862, subscribed upwards of From, $27,000 to raise and equip a regiment, which was known as the Corn Exchange Regiment, and distinguished itself for gallantry and discipline in the army of the Potomac. A Building Planned. For many years the need of a new building was felt and some of the wealthier members of the Exchange purchased the Carpenter lot, Date, .'Py\ on the east side of Second street, on which stood the old slate-roof house of William Penn. They proposed to erect a buildlng.for the use of the Exchange, and a preliminary meeting of those interested was held on Sep¬ CHAMBER OF COMMERCE tember 28, 1865, to consider the practicability of forming a company to erect a building. A committee was appointed consisting of A. G. Cattell, George L. Busby, Joseph S. Perot, THE OLD BUILDING ON SECOND STREET Charles Knecht, Thomas Allman and James Wright to procure plans and take steps for WILL BE SOLD. obtaining a charter. It was determined that the name of the corporation should be the Chamber of Commerce. The Home of the Commercial Exchange for A. second meeting was held December 21 of More than a Quarter of a Century—A Brief the same year, when it was announced that History of the Structure and Its Site. $91,200 had been subscribed, and John Crump, who was also the designer of the Union League and of the War Department buildings The removal of so many trade organiza¬ at Washington, was selected as the architect, j tions, such as the Commercial Exchange and The charter was approved by Governor Cur¬ the Maritime Exchange, to the Bourse has tin April 11, 1866, the corporators- being made vacant a number of the old buildings Henry Budd, A. G. Cattell, H. Hinchman, which had been the headquarters of these James A. Wright, Nathan Brooke, Joseph bodies tor so many years, and as a result sev- I S. Perot, John H. Michener, William Bunn, eral of these structures, possessing a great Edward Siter, Samuel Hartranft, Louis D. deal of historical interest and closely con¬ Baugh, Henry Winsor, John Mason, Jr., nected with the growth of the city and its Seneca E. Malone, Theodore Wilson, George trade and commerce, are on the market. L. Busby, Conrad S. Grove, Charles H. Cum¬ Among these Is the Chamber of Commerce, mings, Christian J. Hoffman and Samuel L. on Second- street, below Chestnut, where for Ward. more than a quarter of a century the Com¬ The Corner-stone Laid. mercial Exchange, as one of the most active At the first stockholders’ meeting held on oi the city’s trade bodies, filled its rooms and April 25, I860, George L. Busby was elected corridors each day with life and bustle. With President; Samuel Ward, Treasurer, and the removal of the Commercial Exchange to Johns. Perot, Secretary. The corner-stone the Bourse the great majority of the grain of the building was laid with imposing cere¬ brokers who were tenants of the building monies on October 14, 1867. Senator A. G. moved with it, and for the past few months Cattell delivered the chief address and Gen¬ the old Chamber has presented a deserted ap- 1 eral Perot laid the stone, in which were pearance. Only four or five of its dozens of; placed a list of the Board of Managers and offices are occupied, and the efforts of the the corporators, copies of the annual re¬ Secretary to rent the vacant rooms have not ports, the daily newspapers and the current coins. been very successful. At recent meeting of the Board of Managers Prior to removing to the new building the it was determined to sell the building if it Corn Exchange resolved to change the name could be disposed of at a satisfactory figure. | of the organization and widen the scope of its Any offer which may be made for the build¬ membership so as to embrace other lines, ing, however, will have to be approved by 1 and make the Exchange a business centre for the stockholders before the sale can be ef- j merchants of all classes. Ou May 24, 1867, application was made for permission to fected. -—J 73

-r- CHAMBER OF COMMERCE. change the name from Corn Exchange to President Michener presided, and among the Exchange. Permission was speakers were ex-Mayor McMichael, Chief ^ranted April 8, 1869, and a number of mer¬ Justice Thompson, Judge Stroud and various chants and branches of trade Joined the as- gentlemen acting as representatives of cities sociation, but the movement was not general throughout the United States. and the objects contemplated when the Destroyed by Fire. change was ask'ed for were not accomplished. \_Pn December 7, 1869—nine months after the Dedicatory Exercises. The dedicatory exercises were held in the iPdedication—the Chamber of Commerce was j destroyed by Are, and the association took nrl„ffMarC!’,1' 1S69> when delegates were present from all sections of the country. The up its quarters in the warehouse of President building was tastefully decorated, and on the Michener, 122 and 124 Arch street. On Jan¬ walls were hung the battle-scarred flags car¬ uary 25, 1870, the Exchange removed to the ried by the Corn Exchange Regiment during rooms of the Board of Brokers, at 421 Walnut the war. The Rev. George Bringhurst, Pas- street. A plan for a new building was drawn up by James H. Windrim, and the contract *°r ol A}1 Saints’ Protestant Episcopal Church Twelfth street, above Catharine, was awarded for its erection to Benjamin who had interested himself in the formation Retchum. On December 27, 1870, a little more than a year after the first building had °f *h? ,C°,r.n Exchange Regiment, and who went into the field under the auspices of the been destroyed, the Commercial Exchange Christian Commission, opened the exercises again took possession of the Chamber of with prayer, and stirring addresses were de¬ Commerce. The building, which was re¬ livered by President John H. Michener of garded as a very elaborate one at the time, is the Commercial Exchange; E. Harper Jef- built of brick, with a brownstone elevation fries and George L. Busby. In the evening and granite base, and cost 8164,400. In this the Commercial Exchange gave a banquet to building the Exchange received President the delegates at the Continental Hotel Hayes on April 25, 1878, and General Grant on December 19. 1879. An Historic Site. '

• - . * m

| TheSlate Roof House, as it appeared in 1868, a few weeks before it was torn down The building stands on the site of WJIIiam the key weighed six pounds. The lock was Penn’s famous old “slate roof house,’’which placed in the front door of the Chamber of for many years was the official residence of Commerce. the Governors of the province. When it was In the rear of the building and to one side built, about the year 1698, it was the largest , is the “Wampum Lot,’’ 15 feet by 47 feet, to house in Philadelphia and originally had surrounding it extensive gardens inclosed by which the Chamber of Commerce has no title, and which is said to have belonged to the Six a high wall. It derived its name from the Nations. The lot has never been built upon, fact that it was roofed with slate, which was but the Directors have kept it enclosed for 20 ■ said to have come from England, although years, and now claim it by legal possession. others say that there were slate quarries in In 1892 General Eiy S. Parker, the Indian this State at the time and that probably It Sachem, caused a mild sensation by writing was from these that the slate was taken. to the President of the Chamber of Commerce The ‘ ‘ slate roof house ’ ’ was erected for and to Mayor Stuart claiming the lot for the Samuel Carpenter, a wealthy merchant, who Oneida Indians as the descendants of the Six never lived in it, however, and William Penn, Nations. He evidently went on the supposi¬ who went to live there about a month after tion that the lot was very valuable, and that considerable money would accrue to the his arrival in this country, was its first occu¬ tribe, but the ciainghas not been pushed. pant. It was here that John Penn, the only child of the proprietor not of English birth, was born. During the remainder of Penn’s unexpired term the house was occupied by j James Logan. In 1704 it was sold to William Trent, the founder of Trenton, N. J., who From,. sold it in 1709 for £900 to Isaac Norris. Amon^ the other owners of the property whose namesf appear on the old deeds are Samuel Gait, John Kinsey, Ralph Loftus, Owen Jones, Jt David Evans, John Dickson, William Clay¬ ton and Caesar Rodney. From 1717 it. appears to have been used as a boarding and lodging house. General Brad- Date, .' Oiffo Vo dock lived here before he went to his death in the wilderness, and General Forbes, his successor, was buried from the house. Wash¬ ington, Hancock and Adams are reported to have lodged here during the sessions of the Continental Congress, and General Howe EVOLUTION OF entertained his friends and fellow officers here when he was in Philadelphia. Later it was a boarding school, and afterwards it be¬ THE NEWSPAPER came a tenement house with shops on the “-V first floor. When the Chamber of Commerce first se¬ There are readers of the Ledger now living cured the property and desired to erect the who sixty years ago perused its first number, building on the lot they petitioned Councils Issued on Friday, March 25, 1836. A day of to remove the old * ‘ slate roof house ’ ’ to the evil omen, owe would say, on which to start Park, where it might be preserved, but Coun¬ any great enterprise; yet to a believer in cils refused to do this, so the building had to omens the success of the paper may be be torn down. The lock on the front door, quoted as a signal exception to the rule. together with many other things about the The advent of the Ledger at that day building, were kept as relics. The lock was marked as great a change in the character of I a massive affair, weighing 48 pounds, while Journalism in Philadelphia as the building of i be first, steam road marked in the facilities i or travel. '"it.lm;. i

*■’' .« *10 V

The Local Press Sixty Tears Ago. bpportunity should be lost for attracting..at- , | What were the daily papers at that time? tenlion to the paper. -He was a. na;iw of kn examination of the bound volumes, hoary Massachusetts, was a fluent writer, clear, With the dust, of years, standing in out-of- forcible and'pungent in his style, and well Ihe-tyay places in our public libraries, shows ■ nformed on all general subjects. He had the | [hem to have b.een merely a record of the irt of presenting-his .-subjects In tbeir most I ioings of the National Legislature, mere favorable light, and under his management ; •opies of acts passed, three to four days old, he ledger was a success from the begui¬ With little or no account of the opinions of ling His editorial in commendation of a decision of the Recorder’s against a firm of he legislators; also clippings from foreign ournals, from two to threo months old. labinet makers..who_had ill treated and ball ; starved their apprentices brought on a libel This constituted the news. There was abso- suit, with the popular feeling on the side of utel.v no attempt to record any event rela¬ the paper. This brought out some of Mr. tive to local happenings, although Philadel¬ Jarvis’s best efforts on the topics of 1 ‘Libel, ’ ’ phia was then the second city of importance the “Liberty of the Press,” etc., which made ,'n the Union. One may look through these the Ledger immensely popular. files for a period of months and find no refer¬ Where It IVas Printed. ence to local happenings, except in the adver¬ The printing at that t ime was done for the tisements, which were few enough and sel¬ Ledger by other parties oil a flat-bed hand dom changed. The editorials showed more press in the Arcade after the National Gazette of the newspaper, instinct, and, in addition had been worked off on the same press. Its to the dissertations on charity, morality and finances were at so low an ebb that the like graces, discussed questions of currency printers often had to delay their work until the and affairs of State, but generally with refer¬ proprietors had obtained credit for the blank ence to matter^ covered by the foreign ■ paper. William V. McKean, afterwards news. • ” Managing Editor of the Ledger, relates that The Advent of Penny Papers. he was then an employe of Johnson’s type , There is little wonder that such papers, foundry, and that he was'_ient out to inquire I (selling at sixpence, had few subscribers as to the responsibility of the new firm before ! and were not an attractive 'medium for delivering a font of ornamental type which j advertisers through which to communi¬ had been ordered for the Ledger. Its in- i cate with prospective customers. There creasing circulation, however, soon de¬ was a general feeling that a more manded greater facilities, and arrangements popular and lower priced paper was were made, in April or May, with Samuel desirable,ami several efforts were made from Atkinson to print the Ledger on a Napier 1S30 to 1835 to establish such a paper. The double-cylinder steam press at his printing first, is believed to have been made by Dr. office, situated on an alley running south Christopher 0. Conwell, who issued a small from Walnut street, below Fifth. John Cum¬ sheet, on Second street, below Dock, called mins, now a pressman on tiie Ledger, then The Cent. Dr. Conwell was talented and 1 worked for Atkinson, and is to-day, so far as well educated, but was more of a poet than a known, the only person living who had any¬ practical business man and tbe paper was thing to do with the paper in the first year short-lived. The Daily Transcript, of which, of its existence. He came to the Ledger in a few numbers were issued in September, 1856, and is now in its employ as pressman. 1S35, was issued regularly by William I». The printing was afterwards done by Atkin¬ Drane, in February, 1830. This was also a son on the south side of Carter’s alley, below penny paper, afterwards consolidated wfith Third street. One year from the date of its the Ledger. establishment the success of the paper had Blrtli of the "Public Ledger.’' been so marked, and the credit of its pub¬ The first number of the Pmxc Ledger lishers had become so well established, that was issued on' March 25, 1836, from Nos. 38 a two-cylinder Napier power press was pur¬ and 39 of the Arcade, which stood on the chased, and the office was removed to the north side of cjiestnut street, above Sixth, on northwest corner of Second and Dock streets, I the site now occupied by the .Tayne block, i on March 27, 1S37. extending from No. 615 to 619. Its projectors Its Influence in Securing Good'Order. were three young printers, William M. Swain, Arunah S. Abell and Azariah H. Simmons. Just prior to the removal, the Daily Tran¬ In its first issue it announced that “The script, before referred to, was purchased and Ledger has Secured the services of a police consolidated with the Ledger, and William reporter and collector of news, and it is hoped L. Drane, its proprietor, took charge of the that their exertions will impart to its col¬ press work, and remained with the paper umns additional interest.’’ That was the until his death, which occurred in 18S1. put¬ birth of the modern newspaper. Here was a ting into operation the various presses which promise of local news. The great, city was to were afterwards required, and partially de- \ be covered by two reporters, one ot whom signing some of them. In January ot that ! would record what we now know as “Central year t he Ledger undertook the task of I Station Hearings, ’ ’ ahd the other everything bringing into subjection the riotous and up¬ | else of local interest. Thepromisewasful- roarious students of the medical colleges, who ) filled in the first number. The hearings be¬ were in the habit of creating disturbances at fore tbe Mayor were written up in an excel¬ the theatres, twisting off door knobs, chang¬ lent style and with such accuracy that the ing or tearing down signs, overturning the habitual offenders, who were unused to such I $ ancient watch boxes and otherwise making j publicity, | were, incensed, and before the | themselves nuisances to the steady-going in- paper, was a week old the record was made ' habitants. The immediate occasion for its that, “some villainous scoundrel or scoun¬ j interference with these pleasantries was the drels made a cowardly attack on the office, 1 attempt, by t ho students to stub a watch- demolishing several panes of glass and in¬ ; | man who was about to arrest two of them. [ flicting somewhat more serious injury to the They wore secured, tried and fined, and full ! interior.-’ , reports of the case were made in the Led- GEU. In a four-colum editorial the general j Its Growth in Popularity. a lawlessness of the students was commented 1 The Ledger, commenced in a. spirited way f V upon, followed by several other spicy articles to fight its way into public notice. Russell t' on the same subject.. Violence was threat- l Jarvis was its editor, and took care that no 1 ened by tlie students, but none was done to the paper. The effect of this bold stand jfcj, against tho rowdy element in student life I .tsv ■ ■r ~ ~ HE OLD ARCADE.

1 ’Gymnastics and the Art of Curing Stam was most excellent, and strengthened the mering” was to have been delivered there in paper with the people. the evening, but a mob broke in the windows Other Publications. and injured several persons, and the lecture The evident prosperity of the newspaper was not given. The Ledger did not report raised a crop of imitators, penny dailies, the occurrence, but in" the next morning’s which were short-lived, eight of them being issue an advertisement appeared of an anti¬ mentioned by the Ledger in one obituary slavery lecture by Rev. Dr. Storrs, at Penn¬ paragraph in its issue of September 26, 1837. sylvania Hall, on the evening of the 17th. In the fall of that year the Weekly Ledger This lecture was prevented by the mob, was started, made up out of the daily, which which burned the building. It was common was published until May 1, 1841, when it was report at the time that ihe building was set changed to the United States, which was more 2-,, on fire by the students. There were at the literary in character. This was sold the next time a large number of young Southerners year to George R. Graham and united with here studying in the medical schools, who the Saturday Evening Post. were very outspoken against the Abolition¬ The “Abolition Riots” of 1888. ists. From the first inception of the panel' it was The sentiment of the people was largely devoted to the general interests of the people with the mob, and the excitement was in¬ rat her than to any political party or religious j tense, but the Ledger, on the morning of sect, and this policy has been consistently the 18th, in a postscript, announced the de¬ maintained under every management until struction of the hall, and at the same time the present day. It did not hesitate to re¬ denounced the attack on the 16th in unmea¬ buke crime and disorder by whomsoever sured terms. It headed its article, ‘^'Scan¬ committed or in whatever name. The anti- dalous Outrage Against Law as Well as slavery agitation was becoming an important Against Decency.” and among other things issue in 1838, and on the morning of May 16 of that year addresses in opposition to slavery were made in Pennsylvania Hall, corner of Sixth and Haines streets, where the old Odd Fellows’ Hall now stands. A lecture on Northwest Corner of Second and Dock Streets.

“W the right qf discussion 'upSn^W prepared to exercise the most vigorous meas subject, a right, made common to all by our u res to prevent a riot by an array of force GonstUiuions and laws, both State and'Fed¬ eral may be invaded with impunity all sufficient to convince the rioters that eaptun freedom among us is abolished, and « are and punishment were certain. the slat es of the very worst of all tyrants th° Among the many subjects editorially treated In the Ledger In those days were volunlUrS°athe Ma'VOT t0 call out It articles on duelling, temperance, and in ad¬ cartridges Vtb- ‘‘bayoneta an

. CORNER OF SIXTH .AND CHESTNUT STREETS IN 1797. The Business Office. posing rooms were on the second floor, six Soon after the establishment was removed feet of the front being partitioned oft' for the to Third and Chestnut streets it had two editors and reporters. The editor’s sanctum clerks, one of whom was D. Otis Blood, was about three and a half by six feet. One a half-brother of Mr. Swain, and the other end of this closet-like room was occupied by M. Richards Muckie. Mr. Blood became the Russell Jarvis, and the other by the senior I business manager and cashier. These two proprietor, Mr. Swain, who used to write; clerks conducted ail the business. Mr. short editorial paragraphs. His place, by a Muck!6 became business manager in 1849, sort of Box and Cox arrangement, was and still holds that important position. taken by Washington Lane, the news editor. The Pony Express. The reportorial room was somewhat larger. Mr. Abell, one of the partners, soon alter It contained a pine table and one dilapi¬ the founding of the Ledger, established dated chair, which the one reporter shared the Sun at Baltimore, a penny paper similar in with the financial editor, the first to arrive nearly every respect to the Ledger. The two taking the chair, and the other man a found¬ papers were operated in harmony and shared er’s type-box set on end. The table was util¬ in the expense of gathering exclusive news. ized late at night as a place to fold and paste By means of what was called the “Pony Ex¬ the Ledger, and the place was at all times press” Mr. Abell published in advance of all redolent of sour paste and liberally littered other papers the death of President Harri¬ with waste paper. son, and the fate of the Fiscal Bank bill in Removal to Third and Chestnut Streets. 1841. This system was carried out on a large The Second and Dock street quarters were scale. When the question of the Oregon bound- too cramped to think of making any im- j ary seemed likely to bring on a war between nrovements there, and the property at the I the United States and Great Britain, a com¬ southeast corner of Third and ChestnuT bination of New York newspapers was streets was secured and the -firm erected a formed, in which also were included the Led- .: five-story brick building, in which ample qer and the Baltimore Sun, to anticipate the space was provided for the several depart- mails landing from the Liverpool steamers at ' 7 ments of the paper. The second story only Halifax and Boston. Relays of fleet ponies 1 was rented. All the rest of the building was brought the news from Halifax to Portland, occupied by the Ledger and the Dollar News¬ Me., from which point it was brought by lo- ! paper. The old Napier press was removed to | comotive to Boston, New York. Philadelphia its new quarters and two new double-cylinder ana Baltimore. The entire distance was cov¬ pony presses were added. The force of the ered in 50 hours. In this way the Ledger *, press room at that time comprised eleven and the Sun anticipated all their contempo¬ men and one boy, including Mr. Drane, the raries in publishing the news brought by the j pressman and engineer. The paper was Cambria, which was awaited with the | printed first on one side and then on the greatest excitement. other. The first side went to press at 0 P. M. The same means were adopted in ISiU tu | and was finished at 2 A. M. The second form obtain news of the war with Mexico, and was sent down between 2 and 3 A. M. It was Mr. Abell, for the Ledger and the Sun, un- ) customary to wait for the steamship news dertoolc the management of the transmission [ which arrived lato at night from New York. of news from the American camp to the The Oldest Employes. respective papers across the continent. The Not one of the force then on the paper is Overland Express was said to contain ”00 now known to be living. The employe long¬ blooded horses” between New Orleuns and est In continuous service, James Bterrett, Baltimore, and anticipated the regular mails came to the paper as a feeder in April, 1842, from New Orleans by about thirty hours. and still remains in active service. John The average timeconsumed between the two Newman was employed as a feeder in 1844 cities was about six days, and it cost..the en- and has been in continuous service to this « > V-.’.*. - .

; 70

Sixth and Chestnut Streets Early in the Century. ---t ttor?nr=tr^SherS -abOUt 81000 a month The Magnetic Telegraph. r.f * tbe ser''ice. Plans of the cltv It was but natural that such keen business of Monterey and of the position of the men as Messrs. Swain and Abell should see 7f«°,US f°JCeS prlor t0 bat«e, showing the the advantages that would accrue to their location of forts, brigades and regimfnts papers by the use of the telegraph. Both drawn by Captain Eaton, were pubHshedffi men invested heavily in Professor Morse’s notr* 1" DGfR and Sun iu connection with the invention when t he old “Magnetic Telegraph news received. By this means, also the an i Company” was established, Mr. Swain nonnceinent was made, on April 10 1847 of taking nearly all the stock allotted to Phila¬ V,-eK *'hc ea'st; of (hf“ Arcade stood the old Carels House, a noted hotel, which was a great resort for politicians, and on election 5^'™ always brilliantly illuminated. Next ehst of the hotel was the old Chestnut hefh116'1 r®' notso ,ai«e as the Walnut, out_which was a step above it in public esti-

THE LEDGER BUILDING AT THIRD AND CHESTNUT .i® \

*5M' gr Xlfrtf'. tfiiTplan Would be stlE more profitable If, he could pur chafe the Arbuckle strip and construct tile buildings along - the Buttonwood street lihe. He made an offer to Mr. Arbuckle, which failed From, to, meet that" gentleman’s ideas of what' the land was worth and the deal fell .through. - - ! This didn’t stop Mr. Justice, how¬ ever,. Masons were put to work and in a few weeks the foundations for the j new' buildings, plumb up against the Date, line pf the Arbuckle strip, were in. I Then Mr. Arbuckle capitulated and of¬ fered to accept the price named by Mr. Justice. It was too late, however. Mr. Justice didn’t see' tits'.' way clear to taking up the foundation and. declin¬ ed to negotiate further with Mr. Ar- buckle. ;*'mm a BUILT ON HIS OWN ACCOUNT. The latter bided his time until the Justice buildings were completed. Then he started in to do-a little build¬ On a Lot From Two- Yards to I ing on his on account. The structure mentioned in the'first paragraph ,nf Two and a Half Inches this article, together with another aH most equally quaint and curious im¬ in Width. • mediately in its rear, was the result. The first-named building is less than eight feet wide on the outside at the St. John street end, and it" tapers off THE “NARROW GAUGE” to about seven feet at its eastern ex¬ tremity. It is about forty feet long and three stories high. The interior is- divided into three houses of three Erected as tlie Outgrowth of a Dis¬ rooms each, one room directly. over agreement as to Price Between another. These rooms are about seven the Owners of Adjoining- Prop¬ feet wide and nine feet long. In the three tiny houses three fami¬ erties-How the Premises lies not only live, but one of them Are OcuCpied at Present. keeps a “store.” The families are good-sized ones, too, the population of the building being no less than four¬ THE NARROWEST BRICK BUILDING IN teen. An Inquirer reporter, who vis¬ Philadelphia, it' not in the country, stands ited, the “Narrow Gauge,” as the build¬ on Buttonwood street, its tiny rooms be¬ ing- is known in the neighborhood] ing occupied by three large families. The structure, which is known as the “Narrow stood in the ground-i*ior room of onej Gauge,” was erected "under peculiar : cir¬ of the houses and stretched his arms cumstances and has long been pointed out; at full length. His fingers came in to strangers as- a- curiosity -by* persons violent contact with the side walls. living in the neighborhood. An uplifted arm touched the ceiling. Entitled to a prominent place among ROUGH ON A TALL MAN. the many quaint and curious struc¬ A doll-like stairway leads to the tures scattered over Philadelphia is a rooms above. The stairway starts building- which stands at the southeast | from a miniature hall and winds up¬ corner of Buttonwood and St. John ward in corkscrew twists. In thej streets. It is curious because there I rooms above, which are about the1 does not exist another like it, quaint same length and width as that below, because of the doll-like arrangement a tall man cannot stand on tiptoes of its interior. j without, bumping the ceiling- with his' Long years ago, when many. Phila¬ head. As might be expected, the ar¬ delphians who are now gray-headed ticles of furniture in such a dwelling were toddling youngsters, a large-plot are necessarily few in number, but of ground fronting -' On Second street even they crowd the little rooms. The and running- back to St. John, street upper floors of the three houses are was'owned by Joseph Justice, one of used as sleeping apartments, the one the wealthy, men of the city.. .His pos-j room down stairs in each doing duty sessions extended to within eight feet as parlor, dining room and kitchen. of Buttonwood street on' the St. John Adjoining the first building on the east ! street end and within dVj inches on the is the other spoken of above. It is Second street end, Button-Wood street but one story in height, but, like the running at a slight angle ''between the three-story structure, is divided into two other streets. The narrow strip three separate apartments. - - of ground between Mr. Justice’s land SPANNED BY A FOOTSTEP. ’ and Buttonwood street was the prop¬ This- building is so narrow that, one erty of Elwood Arbuckle, a well-known long step spans the interior. In j auctioneer. length the'rooms are about 12 feet, in ! DEAL FELL THROUGH. height about nine. The middle one of] Mr. Justice concluded one'day that the three is occupied b-y a family for ! It would be a profitable plan to erect whom it serves as a home. On, its buildings' on his property,''.also that), v ‘ vV O ♦ht'fl numerous pictures whi AnotheiAnother 1ofM theupul0usly rooms is neatused and as acleai cot ’ ent emptT .Whi,e the third is at ■-From the eastern end of this one story building the strip of land wh?c From,. still remains in the Arbuckle estat is unoccupied. The buildings erecte by Mr. Justice long ago passed int .0. other hands, those fronting on Secon street now being owned by a firm c wholesale grocers. The firm has mad one or two unsuccessful attempts t Date, f jf ; purchase the strip adldlning theli property, beginning at Second® street w ith a width of inches, and run¬ ning back a little over 100 feet endin'1 in a width of less than three feet il now pays a royalty for the use of a= much of the strip as it is necessary SEVEflTYfwT- to cross in reaching a side door to their establishment. A three-story building but little YEflflS fl CflUflCfl moie than two yards wide erected on a lot terminating in a frontage of c>y, inches is something which ev‘ery cltv ANNIVERSARY OF HISTORIC TRINITY does not possess, and the “Narrow Gauge will doubtless continue to bp FITTINGLY CELEBRATED. pointed out as a Philadelphia curiosity for many years to come. k.-—_ ELOQUENT STORY OF ITS CAREER

Three-Quarters of a Century Ago Trinity Protestant Episcopal Church Sprang Into Being in Old Southwark-The Event Was Appropriately Observed by the Congrga- and beautiful fulfillment. Here, indeed', has tion Yesterday—Rev. H. F. Fuller, Rector, God been worshiped, and one generation after Delivered an Historical Sermon, in Which / another has been told of His love. Here the child has learned of its Heavenly Father, He Sketched the Ancient Church’s Career, and found the bread of life. Here have as¬ and Told of the Early Struggles of Those cended the prayers of many thousands. Here the prayers of God’s own people have gone Who Professed the Protestant Episcopal up to the throne of grace. The entire history Faith and How, From an Almost Insigni¬ of this parish shows this to have been true. ficant Number, They Have Risen to he a No matter what the spirit of the times, in this place there has been always a creditable Religious Power. record, and a veneration for the consecrated house of God. The old Trinity Protestant Episcopal Trinity’s TJp-HiU Fight. Church, of Southwark, yesterday morning “The struggle which resulted in the inde¬ observed its seventy-fifth anniversary by ap¬ pendence of the United States left as a hate¬ propriate exercises. The church was hand¬ ful legacy dislike and suspicion of the Church somely decorated with flowers and ferns, of England. There was never a sufficient Jus¬ and a musical service was rendered by an tification for this feeling. It should have been efficient choir. The sermon in the morning remembered, and particularly here in Phila¬ was preached by the rector. Rev. H. F. Ful¬ delphia, that Washington and. the signers of ler. He took for his text, “Reverence My the Declaration of Independence were at¬ Sanctuary,” and said: “In the early days of tached to the old historic church. There the rectorship of Rev. John Coleman, the ves¬ grew up a strong distrust in our country. try of the Trinity Church, of Southwark, in There was a suspicion that the surplice was planning for the improvement of the Interior a suggestion of the coat of the British sol¬ of the church made a request to the rector, dier. For nearly half a century after the that he would select from Holy Scripture a beginning of the Revolutionary War the passage suitable for the motto of the church. church was put on trial of her life. She He chose the solemn words selected for the had to defend herself against a legion of text of this morning. It was in the spirit of enemies. “The controversial literature of those early days shows an almost incredible bitterness

INTERIOR OF flNITY CHURCH.

against the church, and of necessity she was prophecy that the young priest, who was | compelled to concentrate all her strength to later to accomplish, in such a large measure, preserve her life. In the period after the such useful labor during his long rectorship Revolution there were but two churches chose these same words as a sermon for in this city—St. Peter’s and St. Paul’s. For the congregation which fifteen years before | nearly fifty years afterwards there was not had been selected. I “This prophetic utterance has, during the course of the unfolding years, found noble | 1 85

another Protestant Episcopal Church erected in the city, when St. James’, at Seventh and Commerce streets, was built. The erection The Westward March of Business Has of St. John’s Church of the Northern Liber¬ ties, and the Trinity Church, of Southwark, Removed Its Strongest Support. ; meant more than the addition of two churches in this city’s list. It marked the The Congregation May Lo¬ end of the bondage in which the church had been held for so many years. There has cate in Another been, from the time that the first Bishop of ! Penusyivania laid the corner-stone of this Section. ! church, in 1821, an increase to 75 Bishops and 4,700 clergymen. From 1821 to the pres¬ ent day old Trinity has seen many changes. The rectors stood and knew how to teach After nearly half a century of active their people.” |service, with its pulpit 'filled by some History of the Church. of the most prominent and able divines in the denomination, Clinton Street Im¬ ; In closing he referred to those who had stood with the old church throughout her manuel Presbyterian Church, at Tenth history, and made an appeal to the congrega¬ and Clinton Streets, owing to the death tion to remain true. The historical sketch of or removal of its wealthiest members .the church was read at the evening service and the changes that have taken place by Charles M. Peterson, the accounting in this neighborhood, has decided to j warden. dispose of its property, and either unite i The corner-stone of the church was laid on with some other Presbyterian congrega- St. Mark’s Day, April 25. 1821, and the build¬ ing was consecrated on January 17, 1822 by ; tion or establish a new church in a Right Rev. William White. In 1847 ’the more desirable section of the city. church was altered and a new front put on The edifice, situated at the southeast the building. The church was rededicated , corner of Tenth and Clinton Streets, was ;on November 22 of the same year by Rev. j dedicated as a Congregational Church Alonzo Potter. The parish building has been November 11, 1837. Rev. Dr. John Todd I enlarged since that date to accommodate the was pastor iintil October 27, 1841. Owing guilds and Sunday school. A beautiful altar has been added in memory of Rev. Dr. to the financial pressure which began in Mead, rector; Peter Williamson,warden, and 1837, and continued for several years, the Joseph Klapp, M. D., a vestryman. The : organization as a Congregational Church rectors of the parish have been Rev. M. B. was dissolved in 1841. The property, Roche. Rev. L. Selves, Rev. W. C. Mead, which cost originally more than $60,00(>! Rev. John Coleman, D. D., Rev. Thomas was purchased by a few wealthy Pres¬ M. Menton, Rev. Dr. Washburn, Rev. John byterians and a Presbyterian Church W. Brown, Rev. J. Y. Burke, Rev. J. Mans¬ field, Rev. A. D. Heffern, Rev. F. M. Tait was organized April 28, 1842, which very and Rev. H. F. Fuller. j| soon absorbed the greater part of the Congregationalists constituting the old organization. The new church grew rap¬ idly, and for many years enjoyed, under an able and scholarly ministry, great From,.JfU247 prosperity. Rev. Dr. Joel Parker was pastor from May 2, 1842, to Feruary, 1852, during which time 548 persons be¬ came members of the church. .a - Ml, Rev- Dr- Henry Darling was pastor ; from April 20, 1853, to July, 1861. He was' honored by an election as moderator of the General Assembly and subsequently became president of Hamilton College, New York. Rev. Dr. Daniel March was pastor from February 28, 1862, to November, 1872. Dr. March is known both as an elo- | quent preacher and a successful au- I LANDMARK ! 1 thor. It was during his pastorate here I that he made the journey to the Holy Land. After his return he delivered a ABOUT TO GO. series of lectures on his travels, which attracted great audiences. The lectures were afterward published in "Night Scenes in the Bible.” He is still preach¬ Passing of the Clinton Street ing with great success ot Woburn Mass. Rev. Henry L. Bernstein was pas¬ Immanuel Presbyterian tor from February 25, 1873, to November 1876. He is now settled at Milford Del’ Church. During the thirty-four years from its organization the church gave more than $350,000 to religious purposes, of which 3100,000 were devoted to causes outside FIFTY YEARS OF WORSHIP. its own organization. Seventeen young men had gone from its membership into 86

CLINTON STREET CHURCH.

established a reputation as a brilliant and able preacher, was install¬ ed pastor of the church March 25/ 1879, j and served the church till his death, April 1, 1883. Rev. J. F. Dripps was in¬ stalled pastor June 7, 1883. He was suc¬ ceeded by Rev. H. C. Fox. The last two clergymen are now engaged in active Christian work in this city. Rev. Dr. W. S. Alexander was called to the church as pastor November J, 3891. THE CHURCH BUILDING. The church edifice, which was designed I and constructed under the supervision of the architect of the United States Cap¬ itol buildings, was planned after the best standards of that day in regard to strength, stability and roominess. The seating capacity of the pews in the wor¬ shiping room is over 1500, and on the ! first day of the opening of the church $20,000 were paid up in yearly pew rent¬ als. The present Value of the church property is placed at $80,000. The church building is 7V/2 feet in front by 102 in depth, the lot having a width of 115 feet. The present active I Rev. Dr. W. S. Alexander. membership is 160, and the Sunday school enrollment 125. The pastor has been aided in his work by a number of faith¬ the ministry or the mission field. Ati ful church organizations, the most prom¬ Ihfs time the Immanuel Church, which inent of which is the Woman’s Work was itself formed from two otheJ: Association, which is practically a union churches, the Western Presbyterlan and of twelve organizations. the Third Reformed Church (Dutch), For several years the church has suf¬ united with the Clinton Street churchj under the corporate name of the tnn fered from Hie adverse tide of emigra- ! ton Street Immanuel Presbyterian tion of ifs members to distant parts of Church. The particulars of the union of the city, from the removal or death of ! these churches are interesting as ma - wealthy parishoners and the difficulties ters of history. The virtual union of the incident to the life of “down-town” congregations was effected in 1878, but churches. It has at last, after a brave the formal union was not consummated struggle for self-support^ reached a crisis in its history. With a keen regret, whose until November 4, 1878. . . Rev. Dr. Charles Wadsworth, who had if-

j sacfness none but its devoted members can appreciate, it has decided to sell its valuable property, and either to unite with some other Presbyterian church or start a new enterprise in some desirable locality. No decision has been reached or even discussed except the sale of the real estate when its value can be se- cured. The church has enjoyed an able, Scholarly and devoted ministry. It has sent as many, if not more, young- men into the ministry than any other Pres¬ byterian church in Philadelphia. Its re¬ moval will be a real loss to the people of the vicinage, but will enlarge the responsibility and opportunity of neigh¬ boring churches. THE PRESENT PASTOR. Rev. Dr. W. S. Alexander, the present pastor, was born in Killingly, Windom ! County, Conn., and graduated from Yale and Andover Colleges. On November 22, 1861, he was ordained to the ministry in Pomfret, Conn., and his first pas¬ torate was that of the First Congrega¬ tional Church of Pomfret, Where he re¬ mained from 1861 to 1866. He accepted a call to the First Presbyterian Church of THE ROBERT MORRIS PALM Racine, Wis., and ministered there until 1872. Going abroad, he served for two A Tree of Revolutionary Times to be Seen years as missionary of the American Board in connection with the free church in Horticultural Hall. in Italy at the City of Florence, where j There is in Horticultural Hall, West Fair- he was pastor of the American Chapel mount Park, a historic sago palm, fully 125 for one year, succeeding Rev. Dr. A. years old or more. It was once the properly R. Van Nest. Upon his return to this of Robert Morris, the famous financier of country he became engaged in both re¬ Revolutionary days. ligious and educational work in Louis¬ The tree is in the “forcing house,” a small iana, and was president for seven years conservatory or annex, at the southeast of Straight University in New Orleans, (corner of the main hall. It may readily be founded by General O. O. Howard for seen, as it is just opposite to the door lead¬ the education of both white and colored ing into the small conservatory. persons. He was chosen pastor of the North Avenue Congregational Church, For a tree of its age it is surprisingly of Cambridge, Mass., over which he small. All the palms are exceedingly slow presided for five years. In November, i of development. Some do not bloom for 1891, Rev. Dr, Alexander became a mem¬ years, nor do they show any signs of ber of the Philadelphia Presbytery and growth. At present, the Robert Morris accepted a call to Clinton Street Im¬ palru is in bloom. It will continue so for manuel Church. In 1880 he was honored some time, as the bloom also is slow of de¬ with the degree of doctor of divinity by velopment. The bloom resembles a cluster Beloit College, Wls. of red mullets amid a bunch of tawny- While in New Orleans he was chosen yellow feathers or young leaves. secretary of the Academy of Sciences The botanical name of this tree is Cycas of that city. He is at present a member revoluta. Although popularly called “sago- of several well-known historical societies, palm,” It is not the sago of commerce. A among them the Pennsylvania Society, small quantity of sago may be taken from located in this city, and has been selected the trunk, but not sufficient to make it on various occasions to deliver historical worth while to cultivate the tree for the addresses before these and other bodies. ; purpose. The Cycas is chiefly esteemed for While minister here he successfully in¬ ornament. It is a native of China and augurated the “Monday Class,’’ a fea¬ Japan. ture among the New England churches, During the revolution, Robert Morris lived the membership numbering 150 and com¬ at “The Hills.” His property included posed of the public school pupils, who Lemon Hill and Sedgely, now in the East after school hours assemble at the church Park. After his death his effects were ! scattered far and wide. This sago palm was sold at a sale of his household goods. ti°ona brIef reI,gious service and instruc- The purchaser knew its value and gave it proper care. At length it came into the ' “ ------...... possession of Jacob Hoffuer, of Cincinnati, in 1876 Mr. Heffner sent it to the Centennial Exhibition, after which he presented it to the c-ity of Philadelphia. Upon the trunk of the tree is a nickel- From,.. plated shield bearing the following inscrip¬ tion: 1776. Cycas Revoluta, .. Owned by Robert Morris, of Philadelphia, Before and During the Date, Revolutionary War. Presented by Jacob Hoffner, of Cincinnati. 1876. seven persons, nearly all from the old coun¬ try, shortly increased to fourteen with their families, and professing those views com¬ monly entitled “Unitarian,” assembled for the first time for purposes of social worship in a room of the University of Pennsylvania. These meetings were occasionally inter¬ rupted by the yellow fever, with which Philadelphia was then visited almost every year, but they were never wholly given up. Dr. Priestley, who came to this country in 1794, while on a visit to this city in the early part of 1797, delivered an address to this as¬ sociation, and enrolled himself among its members. The religious services of this society were continued until August 24th, 1800, and from that time were not resumed until 1807, when the Rev. W. Christie was invited to lead them. The connection with Mr. Christie, THE CENTURY MARK. however, lasting only a 'few months, they were afterwards conduced by Ralph Ed- dowes, James Taylor and Johu Vaughan in ONE HUNDREDTH ANNIVERSARY OF THE rotation, the society then worshiping- in a school room in Church alley. FIRST UNITARIAN CHURCH. In 1811 the thoughts of this small associa¬ tion were turned towards the building of a place of worship. After many difficulties Programme of the Two Days’ Celebration— this object was effected, and the corner-stone Historical Sketch of the Three Edifices in was laid March 24, 1812. A charter of incor¬ Which Services were Held. poration was obtained, bearing date January 7, 1813, under the title of “The FirsHBoelety of Unitarian Christians In the City of Phila¬ delphia, ” which title was afterwards The one hundredth Anniversary of the amended by prefixing the word “Congrega¬ founding of the First Unitarian Church, tional” to the word “Society, ” March 19. Chestnut street, above Twenty-first, the Rev. 1851 Mr. Vaughan resigned his office as one Joseph May, LL. D., Pastor, will be cele¬ brated on Tuesday and Wednesday, May 12 of the conductors of the public religious ser¬ and 13. Services will begin on the evening of vices of the society in 1815, Mr. Eddowesin the 12th at 8 o’clock. At this time the prin¬ 1S20, and Mr. Taylor in 1823. cipal part will be the opening sermon by the small brick building, erected in 1813, Rev. Charles Carroll Everett, D. D., Dean of stood on the southwest corner of the lot the Harvard Divinity School. There will Tenth and Locust Streets, directly ou the also be a prayer by Rev. James De Norman¬ street. Pastorless for years was this little die, of Roxbury, Mass., and an address by flock; it worshiped in parlors and In empty the Rev. Joseph May. On Wednesday, at school rooms. From 1796 to 1825, a period of 9.30 A. M., a communion service will be con¬ -9 years, the church maintained itself, with ducted, in connection with which addresses | only a brief interval—a few months—of ser- will be given in memory of the late Pastor vice from an ordained Minister, the Rev. Emeritus, Dr. Furness, by Revs. Robert Col- \V illiam Christie, in or about 1807. Before lyer, James De Normandie and others; at (his dav the services had been at times irreg¬ 10.30 an address of congratulation from sis¬ ular, but. were never discontinued. Of the ter churches will bo offered by Rev. Howard numbers attending service or hoped for N. Brown, Rector of King’s Chapel. Boston; then, the size of the original church building at 11 o’clock will follow essays on “Biblical is an indication. It was intended to hold Authority During the Century” and on the about 250 or 300 persons. This little con" ro¬ “Development of Philosophy During the gation contributed about 830,000 for the build¬ Century, ’ ’ by Rev. W. W. Fenn, of Chicago, ing. The dedication service was held in 1813 and Rev. Merle St. Croix Wright, of New lor-iL!c first timo entering into a York; at 3 P. M., an essay by Rev. John W. home of Its own on Sunday, February 14th, Chadwick, of Brooklyn, on “Theology in of that year. That was a stirring, trying America During the Century,” will be given, 3ear for Philadelphia and tho country, followed by one on the ‘ ‘Religious Outlook at ihe war with the mother country was at the Close of the Century,” by Rev. Samuel its height, with retrospects and prospects M. Crothers, of Cambridge, Mass. At the both rather doubtful. The British blockade evening session of Wednesday there wili at the mouth of the Delaware cut off com¬ occur first the unveiling of a new bust of Dr. merce, and even the privateers could not get Priestley, under whose encouragement the out. The British troops were laying waste church was founded, with an address on the country down the river. “Joseph Priestley, Philosopher, ” by Prof. J. On Wednesday. January 12, 1825, John W. Holland, Dean of the Jefferson Medical Ouluoy Adams, an earnest Unitarian com¬ College in this city; lastly, an essay on the municant and frequent attendant on the “Progress of Science During the Century” services of the society, being President, and will be given by John Fiske, LL. D., of Cam¬ John C. Calhoun being Vice President, was bridge. oidained to the Christian ministry and in¬ The First Services. stalled in the pastorate of that church its This church had its beginnirfg in 1796, when first clerical head, the Rev. William H. Fur¬ ness. The introductory exercises of devo¬ tion and Scripture reading on that occasion SPSPBii were conducted by the Rev. William Ware, 'V Pastor of the First Congregational Church of .

m* --illy ’ A - ,y;' ^• of thiscitywasunder150,000. of thecountrywasunder13,000,000, andthat railroads werejustinvented. The population steam wasstillanundeveloped agenc-and year. In1828,whentheoldchurch wasnew fice wasdedicatedonNovember 5ofthat hunter, BuildingCommittee.Thenowedi¬ N. Merrick,CharlesShippen,JosephTod- Thomas Fletcher,WilliamY.Birch,Samuel carpenter; JohnStruthers,marblemason’- Daniel Groves,bricklayer;JohnO’Neill’ late Pastor;WilliamStrickland,architect’- ness, Pastorofthesociety;JamesTaylor 2o, 1828,inthepresenceofWilliamH.Fur¬ Ralph EddowesandJohnVaughanonMarch tians inthecityofPhiladelphia’’waslaidby Congregational SocietyofUnitarianChris¬ suance ofthisresolution,thecorner-stone the secondbuildingerectedby'“theFirst partly onthesiteofoldone.Inpurl solved upontheerectionofalargerchurch competent totakesoimportantastep,re¬ able inpointofnumbers,anddeemingitself having inthecourseoftimebecomerespect¬ v- FIRSTBUMDINGOF ministers tocomeandtakepartinit,asit some monthsbythedifficultyofobtaining was alongjourneyforthem. of Boston.’ of fellowshipbytheRev.EzraStilesGannett were byDr.AaronBancroft,ofWorcester, lather ofthehistorian,andrighthand Boston; theordainingprayerandcharge i>ew 1ork;thesermonwasbyRev. Henry Ware,Jr.,oftheSecondChurchin At thecloseofyear1S27society The ordinationofMr.Furnesswasdelayed The SecondBuilding. \ ■£' UNITARIAN CHUrcH. i ,OnNovember3,1871,acallissuedbythe appointed totakeentirecharge ofthecele- lull attendanceottheparishioners.” Ata it isdeemed,willbesufficient toinsurea ' .waV?scalledPenuSquare.Thebuildingac- meeting subsequentlyheld,a committee was ! fonChurchwerebuiltintothis,andthepil- every one,sothatthebareannouncement of I ®°farasttler®'vasstyle,wasonepopularin I wa\rdMatures,highlysuccessful;thestyle commend itselfandprove of interestto at anopportunityofgivingexpressionto meeting thatconcernssuch an objectwill their love,admirationandrespectforhimn as themembersofthisChurchmustrejoice torate otDr.Furness,statedthat,“ashis half centuryoffaithfulanddistinguished the completionoffiftiethyearpas¬ service callsforfittingcommemorationand to deviseanappropriateplanforcelebrating for ameetingofthemembersparish tiustees oftheFirstCongregationaiChurch tually costlessthantheolderone,whichii replaced. City WaterWorksatCentreSquare,after- those days.ThebrickandstoneoftheOcta- preached thesermon. lblo Mr.Furness,ashewasstillknown dependent. Church,ofBaltimore,foundedin the Rev.GeorgeW.Burnap.ofFirstIn- the ChurchofMessiahinNewYorkand the exercises,,Rev.WilliamP.Luntof The newchurchwasesteemed,initsout- Two clergymenonlyassistedthePastorin and 011Sunday-January10,1875, the: pc£tic,° camefromthedemolished . 89 90

PRESENT BUILDING OF THE FIRST UNITARIAN CHURCH. _ ■ Rev. Dr. Furness preached his fiftieth anni- 1884, on the 27th day of which mourn,‘ooiug- versary sermon. A marble bust of Dr. Fur¬ Thanksgiving Day, the partial structure hav¬ ness was afterwards obtained and placed in ing been sufficiently advanced, it was formally the church. Gold and bronze medals were taken possession of and dedicated with ap¬ | struck off, commemorative of t.he occasion. propriate services. The chapel and other On January 14 of that year Dr. Furness re¬ rooms of the new edifice were at once utilized signed the pastorate of the First Church, for all purposes of the church, except the which was accepted with regret by the con- regular Sunday services. On Monday even¬ : "legation on January ‘23. He was subse- ing, January 12th, 1885, was celebrated the six¬ • qucntly elected Pastor Emeritus. tieth anniversary of the ordination and in¬ The present Tastor, the Rev. Joseph May, stallation of the Rev. Dr. Furness, and on LL.D., was installed January 12, 1876. the ensuing day a “conference meeting”- was The Present Structure. held. The old church was sold for $30,000, It having for some years appeared to the I and on Sunday, February 1st, 1885, closing Pastor and members of the society that the services were held in it, the Pastor preaching church was suffering seriously from the lo¬ a commemorative discourse. All services cation of tho building, the project of a re¬ were now transferred to the new chapel, moval was definitely started in November, which was regularly occupied on February 1881. In January, I&S2, it was resolved form¬ 8th. On the next day a meeting of the soci¬ ally to appeal to the society for co-operation ety was called to consider the question of in the work. During that year subscriptions completing the church building, but the were obtained sufficient for t lie purchase of a financial deficit was still too great to justify lot of ground at the corner of Chestnut, and a movement In that direction. It was, how¬ Albion (since colled Aspen) streets. The pur- ever, decided to apply for an amended char¬ chase was effected February 23d, 1883, the ter, the provisions of which were subsequently plot containing 92 feet front on Chestnut agreed upon and adopted by the trustees and street and 160 in depth on Aspen street. Plans congregation. Funds were afterwards se¬ of a building had been secured, and it was cured for the entire building, and the corner¬ decided in the early summer to erect that stone was laid on the afternoon of Tuesday, portion of tho proposed building which was March 25th, of that year, when an address to contain the chapel, parlors and other sub¬ was made by the Pastor, the Rev. Joseph sidiary rooms, and to put down at the same May, LL. D. The Revs. W. H. Furness, D. D., time the foundations of the entire structure. John H. Clifford and Charles G. Ames took Work was begun June 12th, 1883, and contin¬ place in the services. The church is built of ued, with serious delays, until November, cream-colored sandstone, is cruciform in shape, and has a roof of red tiles. The esti¬ mated cost of theground and church at the time was $125,000. The Rev. Dr. Furness died on January 30th, of this year.

' 81 From,_(-3?

A 80H4SCE|0F ;•» BAtmi'S CARDEN

Love’s Young Dream Shat¬ tered by the Action of a Stern Father.

ANN BARTRAM THE HEROINE rFranklin and himself the father""*1^ American botanists. She budded into l Alexander Wilson Waa HerOhoioe, but, -*«££»

The Colonel came out of the old Bart¬ ram house to welcome the absent ona, and offered him his hand. “I will never shake hands with yon, sir.” roared Dr. James. “You have sep¬ arated two loving hearts, and no blessing will follow such a marriage. You and your wife will die- as you are. No chil¬ dren will ever make your home happy. Leave me before I shoot you. Sir, you have robbed me of my dearest friend.” The men were separated with difficulty. A SAD ENDING. Mrs. Carr was a silent bride. She was never heard to complain; and, the family historian says, she took up her burden like a loyal wife, and gave the i respect to her husbanjl which at least her marriage vow demanded. Wilson became a silent, melancholy man, who went about as If something bright had dropped from his life. He left the old schoolhouse for good, and there Is reason to believe that he and Mrs. Carr never saw each other again. Their very love letters, which finally be¬ came the property of William Middleton Bartram, were loaned to a friend of the family and mysteriously disappeared. Eight years after his sweetheart’s mar¬ among them being John Bartram, the riage Wilson died unmarried and Is younger, and father of Ann Bartram. burled in the graveyard adjoining Old Another of Wilson's friends -was Will¬ Swede’s Church, near Swanson and iam Bartram, Ann's uncle, and about Christian Streets. Mrs. Carr’s marriage the year 1802 an invitation was sent , life was a loveless one, and unhappy. by William Bartram to Wilson asking Her brother's prophecy proved true. She him to teach school in an old log school- died at Beverly, N. J., on October 30, 1868, house, which then stood at what is now childless. called the northwest corner of Fifty- first Street and Woodland Avenue. THE VILLAGE SCHOOLMASTER. It was not very long after Wilson’s arrival as the village schoolmaster that; even the unsophisticated folk around, From, S~oL. Bartram’s garden began to suspect that Wilson’s dally visits there meant some¬ thing more than a call to smell the roses, and breathe the fragrance of the plants. Wilson's daily visits there meant some- discovered and had fallen in love with the most beautiful and fragrant of allj Date, 1 -5 'j/. tho roses in hts patron’s garden—Ann Bartram. It was not very long before his love was returned, but an unexpected obstacle appeared in the opposition of the young lady’s father. “Mr. Wilson is my friend, but not my choice for my daughter’s husband,” said the stem father when appealed to. INI An unexpected friend to the loving couple appeared In the person of Dr. James Bartram, Ann’s brother. He liked Wilson, encouraged him in his How Council Proceedings Were suit, and often was the bearer of a love¬ laden missive from the poet-schoolmas¬ ter to the broken-hearted maiden, when Reported Eighty-eight her stern father forbade her to meet Wilson any more. Just about this time Years Ago. the love-dream received its death blow by the departure of Dr. James Bartram \ for travel in foreign lands, and Ann’s father lost no time In persuading his SOME PERSONAL THRUSTS daughter to wed his friend. Colonel j Robert .Carr, then a well-to-do printer [ The Session HegArded as a “Per¬ on Second Street, below Market, and Ann was persuaded to marry the Colonel formance” With Free Admission. In the year 1805. The Presiding Officer and Wilson was thrown overboard. Members Guyed Unmerci¬ He was a poet and had no money. When Dr. James Bartram came home fully by the Reporter from foreign travel In February, 1806, hla rage was remarkable when he learned

• m 93

ll here (things read a second time,” and Who Wielded j referred it to a committee without ob¬ Ready Pen. serving the customary formalities. A considerable pause ensued, and the jmembers looked as though they were at a loss what to do. They shortly derived A specimen of journalism as It was jsome consolation by observing the wise and dignified looks of Browne and Mas¬ conducted eighty-eight years ago is in ter Gordon, from which they could o,o-PxTSSeSSlon 0f J' Harry Boyer of plainly infer that something import¬ -4_,< North Fifteenth street. The'ar- ant was brewing. The members, out of ticle is a report of a session of Com¬ pure respect for these two great men, sat silently watching the birth of the mon Council, published in “The Tick- expected important event. Ier>’\ December 14, 1808, which was Anthony Taylor interrupted the re¬ published by Toby Scratchem. Here it veries of our Solomons by making a re¬ port,. though not very loud; for he spoke in so low a tone of voice that we could SOLOMONS IN COUNCIL not distinguish what the report was. After Taylor’s business had been dis¬ posed of the Council appeared at a loss lery1116 gratlfication ot a cr.owded gal- how to employ themselves. Neddy Smith, merchant, mustered up ail his resolution, The great Tom-ass Lieper.beinj? chosen and made his maiden speech: “Mr. Chair¬ vpt presidential ele

and the rules could only be regardecTas a activity. Great dams impounded the waters document annexed to the report, and not of the creek into reservoirs, the base of one then under consideration, yet Dalzell moved to' erase one of the stated terms forming but the beginning of another; huge of meeting, so that Councils would meet water wheels clacked to the accompaniment but once a month, Instead of once every of the wooden shoes of the millers; energetic fortnight. This motion, to the great joy housewives spun and knit or toiled among of the spectators, did not prevail, and its the cabbages, and the fame of the Cresheim adoption would have curtailed them of! many an opportunity of laughing at of¬ settlement was no less widespread than-that ficial folly. of the neighboring colony of Germantown or Liberty Browne has very sagaciously! of the Hermits down the Wissahickon. taken his seat beside Dr. Griffiths, prob¬ Now the dams are broken down or filled ably for the convenience of consulting to the brim with the accumulated debris of him, whenever he exhibits symptoms of insanity. Business began to proceed but years; the cottages, if standing, are tenant¬ tardily, and Mr. Chairman appeared to less, windowless and roofless; the mill wheels be taking a refreshing nap, when the have fallen to pieces, and the entire valley presentation of a resolution roused his is rapidly returning to the wilderness such dormant faculties, and he quickly put as it was when the first settlers came thither the question: “All them that are in fa¬ almost contemporaneous with the advent of vor of the resolution will say aye, and those of a contrary notion will say no.” Penn. The report of a joint committee on the application of Jacob Hugg, for the lease One may get a slight idea of the great nat¬ of Cedar street wharf, to establish a ural beauty of the valley from the lofty ferry, was next read. This report re¬ heights of the new McCallum street bridge, quires him to erect a good substantial Slip at the said wharf, "which slip and which spans the ravine a few hundred feet tenant are to be of good sound timber,” south of and about one hundred feet over¬ so that none but a man of wood can be head the picturesque old stone arch which entitled to keep the ferry. served our ancestors. But to properly see Some other confused business, in , and appreciate the glen one must get down which all order was foully murdered, took place. into its depths and become part of the sur¬ As we know that Mosey Stewart has roundings. remarked the necessity of music between Starting at the Mermaid, that quaint old their acts, we were not surprised to tavern on the Germantown road, which saw hear that at an auction the other day the red coats and the Continental army Mosey bid on an old spinnet, till it was up to one dollar twenty-five cents, when struggle in the memorable conflict, follow the he suffered it to be struck off to an¬ creek and ere the space of two city blocks other. The crier told him, "Aha, Miester has been traversed find yourself amid the Stoohert, yoo’ve loast a bargain.” remains of a past civilization. That ancient The next performance will be on highway, the old Cresheim road, which opens Thursday evening, the 22d Instant, to commence at 7 o’clock. into Allen’s lane, was laid out more than Admittance gratis. two hundred years ago. Of the taverns, - C■«. ut-BWv-'v s. •”J mills, dwellings, barns and other structures, all built of stone and seemingly good to last 3 for untold centuries, scarce one remains. A —1 few scattered fragments or mounds of earth & mark the spots where once stood habitations ) From, in which whole generations were born, lived; and passed away.

. Plunge deeper into the valley; descend the | winding road which dwindles at last into a footpath, marking meantime the remains of much earlier thoroughfares, now overgrown; with large forest trees; pass under the great, Date, 3" 6 . 1 ugly, useful structure before mentioned, and vine until the glen seems to end abruptly with a wall of stone; then force your way through the briars, around the jutting rocks,

IGTURESQUE (Cresheim

A BEAUTIFUL GLEN NEAR GERMANTOWN WHICH IS DESERTED AND DECAYED.

The average Philadelphian has very in¬ MgS and what is this—a transp 1 anfecT ~bIt of tangible ideas concerning the valley of the mediaeval Germany? Cresheim. He has probably heard of it—even Observe the high bluffs, shutting in the more, he may have seen it in a casual, unsee¬ ' , little valley; the narrow, crooked street ing way from the car window on an occa¬ winding between great stone structures, sional trip to Chestnut Hill—but what may mills and dwellings; the towering dam whose be hidden in that lonely glen is to him a waist once held full thirty feet of water; the never-discovered secret. race courses, the mill wheels, one of which Years ago, many, many years ago, long was the largest in the State—all in ruin and before the Revolution—yes, long before the decay. push on into the gathering gloom of the ra- birth of men engaged in that war—the valley ... of the Cresheim was a place of bustling i m HOUSES FALLING INTO DECAY ■ aariy halfxf century since that huge country, and his influence permeated all of ■’ heel ceased its labors and since that silver Pennsylvania, New Jersey and Delaware. stream was released from its task. Now the Programme of Services. brook babbles oyer the living rock at a cor¬ May lOtli—10.30 A. M., music by Professor ner of the mud-filled dam, and its cascades Bachmann, church cHolr and anniversary gleam beneath the shadows of the evergreen chorus; sermon by the Rev. J. Wheaton pines which cover the hillside. Not a sound Smith, D. D. ; administration ofLord’sSup- of humanity breaks the silence'of midday. per at the close of service; the ordinance of Sunlight and storm pour down upon the de¬ Baptism will also be administered. 8 P. M., serted village, and year by year nature re¬ music by Mr. John L. Benzon; anniversary gains her own. chorus, Mr. George Woodward and quar¬ Below this ancient settlement the valley tettes; sermon by the Rev. William S. Rob¬ widens, and the little creek rattles over the erts, D. D. xemains of other dams and race courses, now May 11th—Fraternal greeting: service mi,d» nearly obliterated, and at last plunges into by anniversary chorus; addresses by the I the Wissahickon a.t that eerie spot known as Revs. George D. Bakdr, D. D. ; H. O. Gib¬ the Devil’s Pool, or Punch £>owl, whose un¬ bons, D. D. ; Charles Roads, Henry Frank- fathomable waters are scarce touched by land, William S. Alexander, D. D. ; J.Spencer the sun at high noon. Kennard, D. D., and A. Lincoln Moore. May 12th—Recognition of Pastor, the Rev. A. Lincoln Moore; music by Professor Hugh Clarke, church choir, anniversary chorus; speakers, the Revs. J. B. G. Pidge, D. D. ; H. G. Weston, D. D. ; George Rees, D. D. ;.J. Wheaton Smith, D. D. ; John Gordon, D. D. ; C. H. Thomas, George W. Folwell, W. Ward Willis, Thomas W. Wilkinson, A. Lincoln Moore. A reception will be tendered to Mr. and Mrs. Moore in the lecture room. May 13th—Sixth anniversary Christian En¬ deavor Society; music by William F. Shep¬ herd, the Union Choir and Mr. Walter W. i Wood; speakers, the Revs. Kerr B. Tupper, D. D., J. Wilbur Chapman, D. D., and Mr. A. D. Way.

1746-1896.

SSQUI-OBNTENNIAL OF THE SPRUCE STREET BAPTIST CHURCH.

rogr&mme of tlie Anniversary Services— Brief Historical Sketch of the Organiza¬ tion-Pastors Who Have Had Charge. MEETING HOUSE OF FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH, LAGRANGE PLACE. The 150th anniversary of the Spruce Street May 14th—Anniversary of Bible school; mu¬ laptist Church, Spruce street, below Fifth, sic by Bible school and orchestra; recitations, he Rev. A. Lincoln Moore, Pastor, will be exercises, etc., by scholars; speakers, the ■elebrated from May 10 to May 17, inclusive. Rev. A. Lincoln Moore, Messrs. Harry H. This will be an historic event In the Baptist Fried, George B. Macaltioner and Harry L. denomination, and will bring together some Chandler. of the most prominent ministers of the coun¬ May loth—Home gathering of members, ex- try, who will participate in the services. tnembers and former Pastors, the First Bap¬ Some of the most eminent musicians in Phil¬ tist Church uniting; music by Professor adelphia will also be present, such as Dr. Gropengeiser; speakers, the Revs. A.Lincoln Hugh A. Clarke, of the University of Penn¬ Moore, J. Wheaton Smith. D. D. ; Kerr B. sylvania; Professor Sheppard K. Kollock, Topper, D. D. ; ^Frederick F. Briggs, H. L. organist of the First Presbyterian Church; Way land, D. D. ; William S. Roberts, D. D. ; Professors Alexander Bachmann and Lewis Charles H. Thomas, Frank M. Goodchild.A. Gropengeiser, who will all give selections on J. Hughes, Thomas J. Cross, Thomas P. Hol¬ the organ. The Spruce Street Choral Society loway, and the Rev. Grover W. Drew. of 100 voices, under the direction of Mr. Wil¬ May 17th—10.30 A. M., sermon by the Rev. liam B. Kessler, and the Christian Endeavor Charles H. Thomas; 8 P. M., sermon by the Union Choir of 600voic.es, under the leader¬ Rev. Frank M. Goodchild. ship of Mr. PI. C. Lincoln, will assist in the The church will be beautifully decorated anniversary exercises. with flowers, plants and bunting. The anniversary will be opened with the Its Early History. historical sermon by the Rev. J. Wheaton Smith, D. D., Pastor Emeritus, and who was The Spruce .Street Baptist Church was the Pastor from 1S53 to 1870. This was known as first constituted In Philadelphia, and the the most prosperous period in the history of eighth in order in the State. The first was at the church, the contributions for all pur¬ Cold Springs, near Bristol, in 1634. poses aggregating $40,000 a year. Under Dr. The church at Pennypack, or Lower Dub¬ Smith’s powerful preaching more than 700 lin, was constituted in 1688; the Welch Tract united with the church. He was considered Society was constituted in England, and one of the most brilliant pulpit orators in the emigrated in a body in 1701; tlio Great Valley Church was the next, organized in 1711; the • I ■ 97 f■ ■

SPRUCE STREET BAPTIST CHURCH. .Brandywine In 1714, the ^Montgomeryuul6UlllD1J inu, 1/ia1719;. the Tulpohoeken in 1738, and the Southamp- First Baptist Church of Philadelphia. It I ton in 1746. The Philadelphia Church was must have been a body of great influence, j the next. The brethren had long assembled since the Pastor of the mother church atPen- 1 in the city for worship, as far back as 169S nypack, the Rev. Jenkin Jones, cast in his 8 and seemed to have some visibility, although lot with the members, and served as Pastor merely as a branch of the Pennypack until his death, in 1760. Cbu roh. Some of the Pastors. The first mention of a public place of wor¬ After his death the church was ministered ship is that of a store room on a lot known as to by the following persons: The Rev. Mor¬ I Barbadoes lot, ’ at what is now Second gan Edwards, 1761-1772; the Rev. William and Chestnut streets, sundry Presbyterians Rogers, D. D., 1772-1775: the Rev. Elhanaa meeting with them in their services. The Winchester, 1780-1781; the Rev. Thomas Us- Morris brew iion.se, near the drawbridge, at tick, 1782-1803; the Rev. William Rogers, D. what, is now Dock and Water streets, was JO., 1801-1806: the Rev. William Staughtoa, next occupied as a place of worship’until D. D., 1806-1812, and the Rev* Henry Hol¬ 1707, when they accepted the invitation of the combe, D. D., 1S12-1824. During the pasto¬ Kiethians to occupy their house of worship rate of Dr. Holcombe a marked divergence on Second street, near Arch. In 1731 a neat in doctrine became manifest, resulting in brick structure was erected in Dagran

'Hr FIRST BAPTIST MEETING HOUSE IN PHILADEL* PHIA, SECOND AND CHESTNUT STREETS. the Rev. J. Wheaton Smith,D. D.; J. Roberts Clausen, M. D. ; Charles Fulloway, Henry It. Fox, William M. Scott, John L. Bcgzon, William Pratt Read, M. D. ; George B. Ma- caltioner, Alan H. Reed, Horace H. Strunk, Frederick W. ltuppenthal, Harry L. Chand¬ ler, Alfonso Parlimaci, William C. Mick, REV. DR. J. WHEATON SMITH. John Bodenhofer, J. Burton Rutherford, Wll- proceeded to apply for the change of nama mond C. Sutterlee, Herbert S. Drew, Mrs. from the “First Baptist Church of Philadel¬ Samuel Shepherd, Mrs. Asa S. Hughes, Mrs. phia” to that of the “Spruce Street Baptist August Enderlss. Mrs. Joseph Benton, Miss Church, ’ ’ which change was made under the Rebecca Jones, Miss Ida May Cartmell, Miss seal of the Commonwealth, it being expressly Elizabeth Rendell, Miss Hannah Harrison, stipulated in this transaction that the docu¬ Mis6 Katie GildAer, Miss Helen McMurdy. ments, minutes, etc., should remain the The Rev. George W. Drew has prepared a property of the Spruce Street Baptist Church. comprehensive history of the church, fully These ancient records and the original char¬ illustrated, which will be distributed among , ter, now of priceless value to the denomina¬ the members of the congregation. .X tion, are carefully preserved by the Spruce street church. An Incubator in the chicken house of J. In the interim, before the completion of the Palmer, on Wlster street, Germantown, caught fire on Saturday and was destroyed, Spruce street edifice, the church was supplied by the Rev. William Stoughton, D. D., who with about 20 chickeus. acted as officiating minister. In 1830 a call was extended to the Rev. Gideon B. Perry, who served as Pastor until 1834. After an in¬ terim a call was extended to the Rev. Rufus Babcock, D. D., who began his labors in 1836, and continued until 1839. The Rev. Robert W. Cushman supplied the pulpit for a season, when the church called the Rev. Thos. O. Lin¬ coln, who was Pastor from 1841 to 1848. He was succeeded by the Rev. George Kempton, who served the church from 1845 to 1852. In March, 1853, the Rev. J. Wheaton Smith became Pas¬ tor and served 17 years, until March, 1S70, when he retired with a colony to found the Beth Eden Baptist Church, at Broad and Spruce streets, which recently united with the First Baptist Church, at Broad and Arch streets. The Rev. .1. W. Custis then became The restoration of the interior of Old Pastor and remained until 1875, when a call Swedes Church, on Front street, below was extended to the Rev. A. .1. Hastings in Christian, which will shortly take place, 1876. He served one year, until his death, through the efforts of the rector of the in 1877. The Rev. W. S. Roberts, D. D., be¬ church, the Rev. Snyder B. Simes, and a came Pastor in 1878 and remained until 1882. Property Committee, will mark an inter¬ The Rev. Charles II. Thomas began his Pas¬ esting and important epoch in the history of torate in 1883 and had charge until 1889. In this quaint old church. ^ , 1890 the Rev. Frank M. Goodchild was chosen For years Mr. Simes has cherished tnel Pastor and remained until 1S95. The pastor¬ hope of restoring the church as nearly as ate was recently assumed by the Rev. A. Lin¬ possible to its original appearance, and coln Moore, whose faithful ministrations the with this object in view he announced at church now enjoys. the beginning of Lent just passed his plans, Anniversary Committee. to the congregation, and asked their co ‘ The committee in charge of the celebration operation and help. His appeal was me' is as follows: with a surprising response In the collec¬ The Rev. George W. Drew, Chairman; tions. The project of restoration will short., Harry H. Fried, Secretary; Charles H. Cald¬ ly, therefore, take a definite shape. well, Treasurer; the Rev. A. Lincoln Moore, Old Gloria Dei is a sacred relic of coloni days, in which every Philadelphian sno - -—.V mm 1 t

feel a just pride. It is' a place of historic, I as well as ecclesiastical, interest, and be- ; i longs to the whole Commonwealth, being ; perhaps the earliest existing relic of Phila¬ delphia when it was a green country town, f. ?ea-t Quaker village. It is 196 years since ! this classic building was dedicated, and its inception dates back to the earliest settle- l ment of this city.

SWEDES’ CHURCH AT WICACO. (From an old print.)

Fabritus died about 1692 and the congre¬ gation was supplied for a time by two lay readers. In 1697 the King of Sweden sent over the Rev. Andrew Rudman, who was destined to take charge of the church at m-edCh'e shortl.y after Mr. Rudman ar¬ med he appreciated the need of a better p ace of meeting than that offered by the old (block house; there then sprang up a warm controversy as to where the new church would be located.

bybv tlot.loTa Laccordingly,fi^aIvy JJ8Teed upon t0 one settle piece the of matter paper was written the word Wicaco and upon an¬ other Passyunk. These were folded and sha¬ ken in a hat and emptied on the ground. The first one that was picked up bore the word vv icaco. Dissension at once ceased and all joined m singing a hymn of praise but a short time afterwards, when an effort was made to procure an addition to the Wicaco tract, so that the congregation could own I OLD SWEDES CHURCH GRAVEYARD. the river front, they failed and another, dis¬ sension arose. These difficulties, however ■were at last all conquered, and the new | The early establishment of the Swedes church was begun by the workmen who I Church in America is due to the far-sighted had just finished the Swedish church at | policy of King Gustavus Adolphus, who, in Christiana, Del. Being at last finished, it 1626, granted a charter to the West India ;was dedicated and called Gloria Dei (God’s Company and arranged for a colony in Church) on the first Sunday after Trinity America, where religious and political free¬ I July 2, 1700, by the Rev. Eric Biork, a dom could be enjoyed. About twenty years clergyman who had come over from Sweden afterward, in 1646, the first Lutheran with the Rev. Mr. Rudman. church on this continent was built on Tini- In a letter which Mr. Rudman sent to cum Island, below Philadelphia. The Rev Sweden shortly after the dedication of tha John Campanius was the rector, and for new church he furnishes an interesting I ™anY years the congregation was prin¬ description of it, which just at this time in cipally composed of Indian natives. view of the restoration, is particularly ’in¬ In 1669 a turbulent character of uncer¬ teresting. “The church is the same size as tain nationality named the Rev Jacobus the other (Old Swedes Church, Wilmington Fabritus arrived in New York. The next Del ) sixty feet in length, thirty in breadth year he made his way to Delaware, and in and twenty in height, only that one of the 1677 he was called to Wicaco Church a corners is shortened in order to make room little block house, which had been built’on for a belfry and steeple, which has been the Delaware river, in the district of South¬ begun at the west end, and must remain for wark. It is on record that the Rev. Mr. Borne time unfinished in order to see whether I 1 abiitus pieached in Dutch, a language God will bless us so far that we may have a J which was understood by the majority of bell, and in what manner we can procure it the Swedish settlers. The Wicaco congre¬ This church is built of stone to the founda¬ gation was very poor, and could not sup¬ tion, but pot so good as that of which the port their pastor. In the colonial records lower church is built; the building will cost under date “19th of June, 1685,” is a note to our reckoning, about $20,000, Swedish of the application of Jacobus Fabritus to money, or something more, of which I am i keep a tavern. The council, however, re¬ Indebted in $5,000, and my colleague in fused to grant the request, although’ the about the same situation.” dominie was probably reduced to the neces¬ Watson writes that this church, when fin- ’ sity of trying other means of obtaining a Ished, was looked upon as a masterpiece of i livelihood. In a letter to his steward, Wil¬ the builder’s art, a very great edifice, and liam Penn writes that he may procure “fine that there was nothing then to equal it as smoked shads of the old priest in Phila¬ a public building, in the city. At first there delphia." was no steeple and the porches on the * 1 north and south sides were not a portion of ^the original church, but were built in 1702 1 wF~" 9HHi as supports to the walls, and cost £109' and four shillings. The cupola was erect¬ ed on a low tower after the bell was se¬ cured. The present bell is inscribed as follows: I Cast for the Swedish Church in Philadelphia Styled Gloria Dei; • Partly from the old bell dated 1643, G. Hedderly, Fecit, 1806. “I to the church the living call, And to the grave do summon all.” The ground on which the church stands I1 consists of one and a half acres and five I perches, and was given to the congregation t by a widow—Catharine Swanson. Additions were made to the grounds at various pe¬ riods, until the church property extended west of the church beyond Tenth street, and at one time Old Swedes really owned a con¬ siderable part of the districts of what were afterwards known as Southwark and Moy- amensing. If this property had still been retained by the congregation it would have been, perhaps, the richest religious organi¬ zation in this country, but in some manner it was parted with; there is no evidence of itse having been sold, nor were there any ef¬ forts to prevent “squatters” from taking possession of it and holding it. At all THE FONT AND PULPIT IN OLD events, the church treasury realized little or nothing from this most valuable estate. SWEDES CHURCH. The Rev. Andrew Rudman, March 18, 1702, was superseded by the Rev. Andrew their lot with the Protestant-Episcopal, Sandel. Under his administration the church The latter party finally triumphed, and in grew and flourished, and in 1705 the pews j 1831 the Rev. Jehu Curtis Clay was elected were all rented, so great being the demand rector of the Protestant-Episcopal Church for them that an order was issued warning of Gloria Dei. the congregation that all who should ne¬ During Dr. Clay’s rectorship a movement glect to attend divine worship should lose was set on foot to erect a new church, an their rights altogether. In the same year unwarranted piece of vandalism, which the Swedish King sent over a quantity of was fortunately cried down by a few con¬ Bibles,prayer books and other religious pub¬ servative members of the congregation. lications. As a compromise, measures were taken to At various periods, eleven different min¬ alter the interior; these changes were made isters sent over from Sweden succeeded the about 1846,at which time the old-fashioned Rev. Mr. Sandel. The last of these was the high-backed pews were removed, a hoard ( Rev. Nicholas Collin, who arrived from floor covered the ancient tombs laid down Sweden in 1770. For a half century he took and a gallery erected. The quaint octagonal¬ charge of Gloria Dei, and was the last of shaped pulpit in the east end of the church a long line of sacrificing missionaries, who was also removed. Over this pulpit was proved themselves willing to forego life a sounding hoard, such as may be seen at I among their friends and kindred to build up St. Peter’s Church to-day. The position a little church in a foreign land. Long be- of the aisles was also changed; instead of I fore Dr. Collin’s death, which occurred in two aisles on the sides as now, there was ] 1831, there was. as a matter of fact, no an aisle leading from the west door up the | need for missionaries to preach in Swedish, middle of the church, and another across it ; as the English language was spoken by al- from the south door to the north side of i most every one in Philadelphia. The chil¬ the church. Two relics of the olden times dren of the old Swedish settlers had become were for some reason suffered to remain, thoroughly Americanized. and they may still be seen—an antique Dr. Collin was the pastor of Gloria Dei font of marble, believed to have been used during the revolutionary period, and the old either in the Tinicum Church or the block- : church passed through the contest without • house at Wicaco, and two cherubs carved injury. In many ways he was a character of wood and attached to the west gallery. worthy of considerable mention. One of his These figures have their wings spread over peculiarities was his sensitiveness about his what is intended to represent the Holy age. A young clergyman once asked his age Bible, on one of the pages of which is the at table, to which Mr. Collin replied, “Old following passage from Isaiah in the Swe¬ enough to die.” At one time he announced dish language: "The people who walked in each Sunday for three months that he darkness have seen a great light,” etc.,and would read an old document, and then read on the other page, also in Swedish, “Glory the names of those indebted for pew rent to God in the highest.” for twenty years, many of whom were pres¬ For a parish as ancient as Old Swedes it ent, simply closing with the words, “Ren¬ is a remarkably active and vigorous one, der unto Caesar the things that he Cae¬ its work and influence being extensive and sar’s.” its appointments of the best. It has its | A contest as to what should become of own churchyard and burial ground, a com- 1 Old Swedes Church occurred after the death fortable and cosy rectory, two Sunday- of Mr. Collin. The interest in the Swedish school buildings, and a dwelling for the origin of the church had died out, some sexton. It derives an annual income from members preferred to remain with the Lu¬ some ground rents, which represents the theran Church, while others desired to cast remnant of the large estate once owned by the church. Through the influence of the present rector in 1879 an endowment fund was started to accumulate until 1900. , i church, will give a short historical address, followed by a sermon, which will be de¬ livered by the Kev. Dr. Carroll Everett, dean of the theological school of Harvard University. On Wednesday the celebration will begin at 9.30 o’clock in the morning with Holy Communion and a memorial service con¬ ducted by the pastor. The Revs. Robert Collyer, of New York city, and James De Normandie, of Roxbury, Mass., will deliver addresses on the life and services of the late Rev. Dr. Furness, who was pastor of the bhurch from 1S25 to 1S75, and after¬ wards pastor emeritus. The sister churches j of the Unitarian faith will be represented by the Rev. Howard N. Brown, rector of King’s Chapel, Boston, who will make an address of congratulation. fl CEflTORY OF In the afternoon the Rev. W. W. Fenn, of Chicago, will speak on “Biblical Authority During the Century;” the Rev. Merle St. , Croix Wright, of New York, on “The De- „ GHURGH LIFE * velop'ment of Philosophy During the Cen¬ tury;” the Rev. John W. Chadwick, of Brooklyn, N. Yr., on “Theology in America THE FIRST UNITARIAN CHURCH TO [During the Century,” and the Rev. Samuel M. Crothers, of Cambridge, Mass., on “The CELEBRATE ITS CENTENNIAL. Religious Outlook at the Close of the Cen¬ tury.” NOTED PREACHERS TO ATTEND A Bust ot the Founder. The evening session will perhaps be the most interesting of the centennial exercises, An Interesting Programme Mapped Out as then the bust of the late Dr. Joseph Priestley, the founder of the church, will be for the Great Event—One Session to be a unveiled. The bust, which is life size, is a Memorial Service to the Date Dr. Furness. massiye execution in bronze by John J. A Bust of the Founder to be Unveiled. Boyle, the sculptor. It is the gift of a few friends of the famous philosopher and mem¬ Founded Just After the Revolution. bers of the church. Dr. Joseph W. Holland, professor of chemistry and dean of Jefferson Medical College, and John Fiske, LL. D., will speak at the evening services. A large number of clergymen and friends of the church from other cities are expected to at¬ tend. An elaborate musical programme, | which will be under the direction of Pro¬ fessor G. Guhlmann, the organist of the church, has been arranged for the occasion. The Origin of the Church. / The origin of the church is mainly due to a series of lectures on “The Evidences of Revealed Religion,” delivered In Philadel¬ phia in February, 1796, by the illustrious Priestley, who fled from his home in Eng¬ land to escape religious tyranny. This course of lectures influenced to such an extent a number of Philadelphians that they proposed to Dr. Priestley that he organize a Unitarian Church and become its minister. He de¬ clined the latter request but encouraged the enthusiasts in the movement to organize without a minister and conduct their own services. The society accepted the advice and on the 12th of June, 1796, the first meet¬ ing was held. Dr. Priestley united with the church as a lay member, and gave every assistance and encouragement in his power to the progress of the work. He died on February fl, 1804. A little while before he drew his last breath he had some of his maunscript brought to him and directed the The one hundredth anniversary of the correcting of it. When it was finished lie foundation of the First Unitarian Church of said faintly, “That Is right. I have now this city will be celebrated on next Tuesday done.” He then passed sweetly Into the and Wednesday. The centennial exercises slumber from which he never awoke. will open at 8 o’clock on Tuesday evening. It was shortly after Priestley's arrival in The divine blessing will be invoked by the Philadelphia that he wrote to a friend the Rev. James De Normandie, of Roxbury, memorable words, “I feel as if I was In Mass. The Rev. Dr. May, pastor of the another world. I never before could conceive .. - — • ■ — how satisfactory it Is to feel a sense of por- ■ , v -:- • - ' • "- ffect security and liberty, all 'men'-having equal rights and privileges, and acting and speaking as if they were sensible of it. THE GRAVES Of Whether it be the effect of liberty or some other cause, I find more clever men capable of conversing with propriety and fluency on all subjects relating to government than I FAMOUS AGTORS have met with anywhere in England.” There were just fourteen members present! when the first services of the church werej THE FORREST VAULT IN THE BURIAL held in 1796 in a room of the University of Pennsylvania. The membership increased so GROUND OF ST. TAUL’S CHURCH. largely that in 1813 a brick building was erected at the southwest corner of Tenth and Locust street. The Rev. William Chris¬ tie was then temporary pastor. He was suc¬ WHERE JOHN M’CULLOUGH LIES ceeded by the Rev. Dr. William H. Furness, who was really the first pastor of the church. His Grave in Mount Moriah Cemetery Dr. Furness resigned the pastorate in 1875 and was succeeded by the Rev. Dr. Joseph Marked by a Handsome Monument—The May, the present rector. Graves of Louisa Missouri, Mrs. Oldmixon, The Present Structure Erected. Samuel Chapman, .John K. Scott and The present church building was completed Others. in the early part of 1883. AVork was, how¬ ever. far enough advanced to permit the first In the graveyard attached to St. Paul’s service being held on Thanksgiving Day, Protestant Episcopal Church, on Third, be¬ 18S4. The closing sendees in the old build¬ low Walnut street, may be seen many old ing were held on February 1, 1885, the Rev. graves which are neglected and uncared for, Dr. May preaching a commemorative dis¬ but there is one tomb which receives most j course. The last service conducted was . careful attention and is frequently decorated the communion of the Lord’s Supper. with floral emblems, small tokens of the The farewell sermon in the old meeting esteem and veneration in which the memory i place was preached by Dr. May. In closing of Edwin Forrest is held by the inmates of his remarks he said: “And so. thou aucient the home which he founded for aged actors, temple, church of our fathers, church of and by his friends who still remember the many a loved and friendly heart, abode of great tragedian. many a stirring, many a tender memory; church of God, refuge and sanctuary of - every race of men, farewell! In the names of those who reared thee; of those who at "1 every time have brought into thee the yearn¬ ings of their hearts, or accepted here the sweet influences of God; in the name of him who spoke here the word of truth so long, so steadfastly, so well; in the name of that holy teacher and exemplar'whose image has shined so brightly here, and who taught that not in temples made with hands but in the Eeternal Spirit is our Father worshiped; in the all-holy name of Him to whose ser¬ vice and glory thou wast reared and dedi¬ cated, ancient shrine, farewell. Done, and well done, is thy day of service, Live thou henceforth in grateful memories and fond regrets. To the cause to which thou wast consecrated, the cause of truth, the cause of humanity, we freely sacrifice thee. And though, in our turn we rear a new altar and a new fane, in service to that cause shall still be all their beauty and their sanctity, for the things which are seen are temporal, but the things which are> not seen are eter-;

- -< Every year, on the 9th of March, the an¬ niversary of Forrest’s birthday, his grave is always decorated and this season was no ex- m, 103

eeption. The now withered flowers are still to be seen which were placed there by Mrs. Mr. Forrest’s career, while in his prime, * Jane English and several other well-known j is still too well remembered to bear repeti¬ players of a former period, who are now | tion at the present time. He died, as he had spending their last days in retirement at I wished, in the city of his birth in the fine the Forrest Home. ;old mansion, at Broad and Master streets The Forrest vault is situated to the south I which he bought in 1855, when he resolved of the old church, and the slab which marks | to retire into private life, a resolution which it is the fourth, counted from the western was broken in 1S60, when he was prevailed wall. Within its recesses are laid to rest upon to again return to the stage. not only the celebrated tragedian, but his Forrest is not by any means the only actor father, mother, two brothers aud three sis¬ buried in this city, nor, indeed, the only ters. The chiseled marble reads as follows: prominent tragedian, as poor John McCul¬ lough, whose career was so brilliant and WILLIAM FORREST whose end so pitiful, now rests at peace in Born 1758, died 1810. beautiful Mount Moriah Cemetery. Although REBECCA FORREST, Born 1768, died 1841. of foreign birth, having been born at Cole¬ raine, Ireland, on November 8, 1S37, McCul¬ Also the children of lough was always regarded as an American WILLIAM AND REBECCA FORREST. tragedian and as a Philadelphian, the great LOEMAN FORREST. portion of his life having been passed in Born 1706., died in South America '•his city. During his youth he had but a WILLIAM FORREST Born 18C0, died 1834. meagre education, and was compelled to HAMILTON FORREST work hard for his daily bread. He was Born 1802, died 1863. brought to this country about 1853, and two CAROLINE FORREST Born 1802, died 1869. yeais afterwards made his first appearance in this city. Like Forrest, he was a man en¬ ELENORA FORREST dowed by nature with a splendid voice and Born ISOS, died 1871 physique, and appeared at his best when as¬ EDWIN FORREST, Born March 9, 1806, died Dec 12 1872 suming such parts as the Gladiator, Rich¬ ard III. and Metamora—in fact all charac¬ I From time to time rumors have been afloat ters requiring a display of muscular powers | that Forrest s body would be removed to to make them more effective. 1 the home which bears his name, buried on the lawn and an imposing monument erected Forrest early took an interest in McCul¬ j to mark the spot. Doubtless, in the course lough, and the young Irishman was employ¬ I of tirae> a fitting memorial will be reared in ed for some years in the great tragedian’s 1 honor of Macready’s great rival, and it seems company. When Forrest died he left his i Qulte Proper that Forrest's final resting manuscript plays to McCullough, whom he I P,ace should be near the splendid charitable :s said to have regarded as his histrionic 1 institution which he founded. successor. McCullough, however, survived Very few people who pass along Third bis preceptor but a little over ten years, street know that Edwin Forrest lies in when he broke down suddenly, both mentally ! old St. Paul’s graveyard, and, except by ind physically,from over-work and was com¬ i the inmates of the home and a few friends plied to retire from the stage, dying on the ; of Forrest who still survive him, the vault ith of November. 1885, in an insane asylum. I is but seldom visited, and thus the location Pei haps the oldest tomb of an actress of of the grave of so interesting a character lote in this city is that marking the grave in stage history as Edwin Forrest may be of Mrs. uidmixon, in the rear of old St. j said to be almost forgotten, notwithstanding Andrews’ churchyard, on Eighth street, j the fact that there are many reasons why above Spruce. The tablet marking this tomb [ Philadelphians should be long in for^ettin" is inscribed as follows: “In memory of Lady i Forrest. ° * j Mary Oldmixon, died February 3, 1835. I ‘Blessed are the pure of heart for they ! He was a native of this city, having been i shall see God.’ ” , born and bred in an humble frame dwellin'' I The name of Mrs. Oldmixon is worth resur- ! | m George street. His father was not an I rec-ting from its more than a half century j actor, but a runner for the old United States of oblivion, for during her day she was one I Bank, and little Edwin was employed for a of the most prominent actresses in England | time in the office of the Aurora, which he and America. On the English stage she was left to go to a cooper shop. It is said that known as Miss George, and during the early during his apprenticeship he was In the part of her career she was an excellent bur- habit of turning a tub upside down, mount¬ letta actress, famous in soubrette parts like ing upon it and making speeches to the Rosetta in “Love in a Village,’’ and other workmen. How true this may be, it is diffi¬ popular plays of the period. She was equally cult to determine, but it is a fact that at an famous as an oratorio singer and a leading early age his passion for the stage was exponent of the Italian school. During her strong. engagement at the Haymarket and Drury Lane Theatres, in London, she was so promi¬ He joined a Thespian Society, and is re- nent as to be the talk of all the gallants , ported to have appeared in the old Chestnut : of London town. It was about this period, Street Theatre, in the part of Rosalia De- in the bright morning of her career, that she borgia, in a melodrama of Rudolph. His first was married to Sir John Oldmixon, the grand¬ appearance, however, on the regular stage son or the historian and a noted beau of his was at the Walnut Street Theatre, and cu¬ day, an amateur musician and a writer of riously enough, he made his last appearance plays, and that Wignell secured her to act on the stage of this old playhouse in 1871 at the Chestnut Street Theatre in this city. As a star, he first appeared in Philadelphia One of her popular parts in Philadelphia was at the Chestnut Street Theatre, on the 5th her original creation of Wowski in “Inkle of July, 1826, as Othelio . __,____. •. ■ ■_. the part of Malcolm, in “Macbeth. There- j and Yarico.” In this part she introduceM after he gradually rose to distinction in lead- j that charming old ballad, which is still sung, ing tragedy roles. As a robust actor for a . “The Blue Bells of Scotland.” Mrs. Old¬ time he almost rivaled Forrest, and cou- 1 mixon was the first person to sing this song tended with him for popularity. His repre¬ in the Quaker City, and she was obliged to sentation of King Lear and Sir Giles Over¬ repeat it over and over again every night. reach were forcible and scholarly perform¬ The old music books are full of songs “as ances. In 1847, he went to England and sung by Mrs. Oldmixon.” played at the Princess Theatre, In London, for a short time. The best English critics A little later in her career, she displayed were delighted with his acting, but the gen¬ the highest possible dramatic talent in por¬ eral public was not attracted, and his en¬ traying comedy old ladies. She had a won¬ gagement was not very successful. On his return to the United States, he appeared derfully sweet voice, and often added to her income by singing in oratorios and concerts. to have lpst ambition to a certain extent, Some time before her death. Mrs. Oldmixon and soon became careless and neglectful, retired from the stage and established a lapsing into the condition of a conventional young ladies’ boarding school, which became actor. At the last his most successful parts were those of sailors and pirates. William. , in the nautical play of “Black-Eyed Susan,” , was one of his favorite roles.

William B. Wood, who has left a book of I recollections, which will long serve to re- ! call his career, is another once promient I actor who is buried in this city. Wood was born in Canada in 1779, but he died in Philadelphia on the 23d of September, 1861. | A portion of his childhood was spent in New | Y'ork city, where he began life as a clerk. I Feeling, however, an inclination for the ! stage, he was afforded an opportunity to make his first appearance on the boards on the 26th of June, 1798, in Baltimore. He was partially successful and soon began an engagement in Philadelphia. About 1809, he purchased of William War- i1 ren, one-half of his interest in the Philadel¬ phia and Baltimore theatres, which he was i then managing, and his long career as a successful manager was thus inaugurated. J Under his management, Forrest made his ! first appearance. Although Wood was kept constantly employed in his duties in connec- j tion with the theatres of which he had charge, he did not relinquish his position as an actor, but assumed a great number of 1 parts. Some years before his death he retir¬ ed from the stage, and from active life on the 8th of November, 1846, when a testimonial benefit was given in his honor at the Walnut Street Theatre.

MONUMENT TO SAMUEL CHAPMAN

one of the most fashionable in the city. In this vocation she realized considerable money, but unfortunately lost it before her death. Her country place at Rockwell, near Germantown, until lately retained many traces of her artistic taste. A Philadelphia actor born and bred, who has now been well nigh forgotten, lies buried in old St. Peter’s churchyard. Third and Pine streets. John Rudolph Scott was born in this city on the 17th of October, 1809, and died here on the 2d of March, 1856. He first appeared at the New York theatres in

FORREST VAULT IN ST. PAUL’S GRAVEYARD i 05

His wife was also a well-known actress. The cause of Mr. Chapman’s mortal Illness Her maiden name was Juliana Westray. Is interesting. A few days before his death Mrs. Wood made her first appearance at the he visited with the scenic artist connected Haymarket Theatre, in Boston, in 1797. with his theatre Turner's Lane, a suburban The following year she visited New York, section of the city, preparatory to the pro¬ i where she secured an engagement at the duction of a drama entitled “The.Mail Rob¬ Park Theatre. She soon after joined the bers,” founded on the robbery of the United company in which Wood was playing, and af¬ ter her marriage continued to act in the theatres which he managed. Both Mr. and Mrs. Wood are buried in old Ronaldson Cemetery, at Tenth and Bainbridge streets. Besides the Woods there are a number of other once prominent Thespians buried in Ronaldson's, among them Charles Burke,

MRS. OLDMIXON’S GRAVE who died of cousumption in 1854, Cornelia F. Jefferson, mother of Joseph Jefferson, and Mr. and Mrs. Jones, long connected with the Philadelphia theatres. The career of the Jeffersons in Philadelphia has been already GRAVE OF LOUISA MISSOURI more than once written up in this paper, and a picture of their grave has also been reproduced, making any further mention of ; States mail by Porter and Wilson. While this distinguished family, at the present | inspecting the neighborhood of Turner’s time, unnecessary. J Lane he contracted a violent cold, which A broken column in old Ronaldson Ceme¬ j! ternffinated his existence. By a singular tery, marks the grave of the actress. Louisa I fatality his last appearance on the stage was Missouri. The column is enscribed as fol¬ in the character intended to represent Por¬ lows: "Sacred to the memory of Louisa Mis¬ ter, who was afterwards hanged. It is souri, daughter of Henry Miller, who died said of Chapman that had he been spared he in New York, June 16, 1858, aged 17 years.” would have produced an entire revolution in The drama mourned when her sweet votary died, the minor drama of America. The loss of one that ne'er might be supplied; Mr. Rowbotham, in connection with Robert Crowds of admiring friends with tears confessed, Maywood, had the management of the Chest¬ To only Thee, O God! the grief is known, nut and Walnut Street Theatres, also the Of those who reared this monumental stone. Arch Street Theatre for a time during the The mother, sister, who with bosoms torn. years 1831 and 1836. It was during that The best of daughters and of sisters mourn. period (1832) that Miss Fannie Kemble and Brothers beloved to whom a while was given her father made their first appearance in On earth a sister, now removed to heaven. Philadelphia, and W. B. Burton was added Of all the public, social private woe to the stock company by importation from Here lies the cause—Missouri sleeps below. Europe. Mr. Rowbotham died on the 4th of Two other members of the theatrical pro¬ February, 1837, in the 42d year of his age. fession buried in Ronaldson Cemetery are He was buried in his own family vault, in Samuel Chapman and H. H. Rowbotham. j which the remains of his widow are also Mr. Chapman came to this country in the 1 interred. year 1827 and played in this city at the Edwin Adams, who is burled in the Actors’ Chestnut Street Theatre under the manage¬ Order of Friendship lot, at Mount Moriah ment of Wemyss and Warren. He after¬ Cemetery, was, during his day a particu¬ wards became the manager of the Walnut larly successful and well-known player in Street Theatre, and so continued until his romantic drama. He was a man of many death, in 1830. parts, and is said to have been not only good .

' V. in comedy, but a fair tragedian. He made settlement at Germantown, but the site baa ills first appearance on the stage in 1853 at j the double advantage of affording an un¬ Boston. He was born at Medford, Mass., j limited supply of the very pure water neces¬ on the ?d of February, 1834, and died in this sary in the manufacture of paper, and like¬ city on the 25th of October, 1877. wise offering ample power for working the This is only a partial list of many old-time machinery. favorites of the drama, who, after this fitful Legend has it that no wagon road existed life ended, have found their last resting hereabouts for many years after the mill place in this city. At least a dozen more was built and that all the materials for players are called to memory, who, if space erecting the building, the machinery and i would permit, well deserve an individual supplies were transported thither by means ! mention of their career, among them Will¬ of wheelbarrows and manual labor. The iam H. Wallis, August S. Pennoyer, George first paper mill was washed away about W. Gile, Samuel Ryan, John Paul Smith, the year 1700, and William Penn, then on a David P. Bowers, Mr. and Mrs. Edwin N. visit to the province. Issued an appeal for Thayer, John E. MacDonough, Benjamin aid in behalf of the owners. Young, Joseph P. Brelsford, William Fran¬ The old mills have long since passed away cis and Charles Fletcher. and only broken dams, grass grown mill | races and heaps of rubbish remain as mute J reminders of a period in our history almost ! forgotten.

Here it was that David Rittenhouse, the great astronomer and scientist, wras born, and in a little hut on Rittenhouse lane,’ then knoum as Paper Mill road, he first essayed . to earn a living as a clock maker. Trade I must have slow7, indeed, at the little store, but the boy cared naught, for his constant ) desire was to be alone with books and his j calculations. Nowadays the stream is no longer pure-1 and limpid as of yore. Much of its course I is covered by a huge sewer, which, however, ; terminates at the upper end of the old water |

JlNGOIiN w

HISTORIC PIECE OF GROUND THAT WAS SECURED YEARS! AGO AS AN ADDITION TO FAIRMOUNT PARK. FIRST PAPER MILL IN PENNSYLVANIA WAS BUILT ON THIS GROUND.

works dam and permits the formation of j The news that the Park Commissioners Lincoln Lake, along^the bank? of which the | have completed Lincoln Lake, in the Ritten- Lincoln drive will pass, connecting th 1 house addition to Fairmount Park, comf>s as lower Wissahickon with Chestnut Hill- . a mild surprise to the general public, who some day. have nearly forgotten the fact that almost The water works were built In 1850-52 b ten years ago the city secured a large slice a stock company, and supplied Germantown of the old Rittenhouse estate which, w7lth and vicinity until 1872, when city water was the ancient Germantown Water Works prop¬ substituted and the plant abandoned. The erty, brings the Park, or will bring it some old pond has long been a famous skating day, w7hen the improvements are all made, place in winter. right up to the back doors of residents In Wayne street, Germantowm. Back in 1890 the courts awarded the Rit¬ tenhouse heirs a sum amounting to about IN THE DAYS j $39,000 for land taken for Park purposes. About eight acres of meadow land were ac¬ quired in this manner, Including five dwell¬ ings, an old mill and the Rittenhouse chapel. Of HOAD AGENTS The land extends from the former Park limits at Wissahickon creek, along Ritten¬ house lane, following Paper Mill run, to the RIDGE AVENUE WAS A FAVORITE PLACE] old water w7orks. This plot of ground pos¬ sesses more than passing interest, for it w7as FOR THE HIGHWAYMEN. here the first paper mill in Pennsylvania wras built, about 1698 by William Ritten¬ house and his son Nicholas. THEY DID NOT STOP AT MURDER

The location was miles away from Phila¬ delphia and a goodly distance from the new The Demand to Deliver Was Always Made I 107

, Hallow. Next morning they were taken to Centre Square in a cart. Hagy died Over a Fistoi — Some Tales of Famous wTs n„i “l r:?binson fo,If?ht 1!ke a demon, wfth n. ,UP by half a (lozen men and Early Criminals—Terrible Scenes in tbe I vith homble struggling strangled to death. Old Jail at Sixth and Walnut Streets. After the celebrated Ann Carson was ac¬ quitted of the murder of her husband Smith The habit of reporting local news in our the actual perpetrator, being hung the city journals does not appear to have ex- woman became leader of a gang of danger¬ j tsted prior to 1816. You may read page after ous criminals having a resort in Vernon page of the Packet or Fenno Gazette and street, where Bright’s Hotel now stands, see nothing recorded but ship news and the and scene of a recent murder. Two of her 1 price of a few commercial products. But I associates were a tall, thin Southerner every now and then a communication is re- named Henry Light, who had been a part¬ J ceived stating that Mr. — was stopped and ner with both Murrel and Hare. Another ' robbed on the Darby or Ridge road by a man TnnS Lovmg- He jvas reputed to be the m a sarsanet coat, yellow vest, fustian son of General Howe, commander of the breeches, with shoes minus buckles, and peo- Lntish army in Philadelphia in 1777. His J are duly warned. Sometimes a reward is mother s name is mentioned in the “Battle | offered. In fact, the highways around the of the Kegs. The husband, Joshua Loving [ city were quite unsafe, and as it was the vas a cruel ruffian, who had charge of the custom to transfer money to inland towns Continenta1 prisoners, treating them bru- principally by horsemen who carried it in I tbeir saddlebags, a resolute robber some¬ Light had been guilty of several murders times hit upon a prize by stopping a traveler and was dreaded by our feeble city guar¬ ; who might be bank messenger. Thus in the dians. He had held up several of the New i fall of ISOS Isaac Myers, of Reading, was fork stages and from one passenger had robbed of $2,800 on the Ridge at the Wissa- he leftfoi6 Zff ,Valuable diamonds; which hickon crossing, beside receiving a bullet in he left foi safe keeping with Ann Carson. • the shoulder. But he shot the robber’s ln want of money the woman sold a j horse by way of compensation. necklace worth $1,200 for $40, and the high From 1788 to 1794 there were several wayman shot and nearly killed her In re j atrocious murders committed on travelers ' venge she denounced him, but he escapee near the city. A young woman was found and began to operate on the national road ir | on Gray’s Ferry road with her throat cut Maryland. One day he met a thin, straigh j and not long after Captain Hanson was gentleman well mounted just .west of Han I stopped on Nicetown lane and fataily cock and bade him “stand and deliver.” ir i stabbed. A third man was found dead not an instant the stranger spurred his horse far from the ferry over the Schuylkill at rushing fairly over the robber, sending him Market street. From the character of the settled h?f°re recoverecl a Pistol bullet ; wounds it was believed that they were the settled his evil career. He had held up work of one person who was left-handed. General Coffee, who commanded the Ten Suspicion was directed against a noted nesseeans at New Orleans. That was all ruffian known as “One Armed” Tom Ro'bin- -the general came on to Philadelphia and ! son. During the Revolution he was a river Swift oft robbefs Pistols to Coionel John pirate and lost his right arm at Billingsport Swift, afterwards Mayor of this citv The when that Tory rendezvous was broken up' weapons were smooth bore, ounce bail and He was tracked to a tavern in Water street nine inches long. The writer has handled them several times. nanaied known as “Patton’s Head” and just as the posse entered the place Patton, a noted About 1820 there were three very dangerous i sailor, brmser- had quarreled with Robinson and knocked him senseless with a heavy cnminais that made the roads around Phila¬ ' earthen jug. So he was secured without delphia unsafe. These were Harry Powel a very powerful mulatto, and two Irishman- danger. Evidence was soon collected that ! convicted him and then he confessed tellin'’’ Mcllhenny and McGuire. The last had been ] one horrible story that the late Furman a liver pirate on the Mississippi and reputed : Sheppard told the writer he believed to be Mason’s band. He generally beat his 'true from investigation personally made. W0Ul<1 kiU witbout hesitancy. | Robinson killed the woman on-the Gray’s mnrlY , e morning he stopped a train of Ferry road and the same day attended a maiket wagons on the Darby road, near the horse race on the commons near Centre Woodlands. A butcher named Pusey gave ] Square (Broad and Market). Here he met a him a slash with his cleaver and got in re I drunken Irishman named Hagan. He slipped turn two pistol shots, but was not hit. the bloody knife he had used in the man’s There is an old lady still living in this citv who was a 12-year-old girl then and with pocket and a red neck ribbon taken from his the party. u victim and left him. Hagan was arrested j for fighting soon after and from articles McGuire went to Centre county, and in con- in his possession charged with the murder of nectmn with a man still remembered there the woman. His character was not very a® R1bb£r Lewis’” committed many crimes good. He was poor and friendless, and it through Central Pennsylvania. Both were | is a dreadful fact that he was tried con¬ hunted down by a band of volunteers and victed and hung in the square for a crime ' of which he was innocent. Robinson told Powell and Mcllhenny were arrested and the story in prison with great glee. confined in Walnut Street Prison. The Irish¬ He and a burglar named Hagy were man planned a revolt, which Powell revealed chained together, and, having plenty of to the authorities; they were skeptical, but it money, they ordered a feast on the night came off. It was known that Powell had in¬ before their execution. To this the jailors formed. and when the mob of convicts poured were invited. A fearful storm broke out into the yard the cry was. “Kill the snitch”’ The solid old jail at Sixth and Walnut The negro got into the blacksmith shop and shook and alarmed the other prisoners kept off the crowd with a bar of iron but while the interior was lit up bv the red glare Mcllhenny broke through a window in the of the lightning. But the ruffians caroused lear and stabbed Powell to death It re yelled and blasphemed until the place quired a company of marines from the navv seemed the infernal regions—appalling the yard to quell the riot. After a life of def perate crime, the murderer was beaten to death in a fight in Plum street then the Alsatia of Philadelphia. n the 108

THE BENEDICT ARNOLI? MANSION IN Fatrmount Park is to be restored to its original shape and refurnished throughout in the style of a century and a quarter ago by the Fairmount Park Art As¬ sociation, providing the Park Commission¬ ers grant the association’s request to have; the mansion given into their custody. Some interesting events are connected with the history of the quaint structure, which is said to be the best example of colonial architecture in existenoe.

If the Fairmount Park Commission¬ ers decide to grant a request made by the Fairmount Park Art Association one of the attractions of the Park be¬ fore long- will be a colonial mansion fitted and furnished throughout in the style of the time immediately preced¬ ing that exciting period which proved so disastrous to the British and so important to the to-be-formed United States of America. The Art Association’s request is to be allowed the possession and cus¬ tody of the building designated by the Efforts to Restore and Preserve Park Commissioners as Mount Pleas¬ ant Mansion, but better known to the! Benedict Arnold’s Old public as the “Arnold Mansion,’’ or the “Dairy.” Should the commissioners Mansion. turn over the structure to the Art As¬ sociation, the members of the organiz- ization under the direction of Miss Pendleton will proceed to restore it, AN HISTORIC DWELLING both outside and in, as it was 125 years ago. The mansion is one of the most his¬ Tile One-Time Home of the Historic torically interesting buildings in the Traitor, Now the “Dairy,” Was vicinity of a city which abounds in historically interesting structures. the Scene of Many Impor¬ Erected in 1761 by John McPherson, tant Events. a merchant of Philadelphia, it, with the vast estate surrounding it, was conveyed by him to Benedict Arnold

THE ARNOLD pIANSIOX, 109

SLoTI? for the substantial sum of .value. Nothing that is not genuinely il6,240, or over $80,000. Previous to • of the period which the restored man¬ its purchase by the man who was des¬ sion will represent will be allowed to tined to go down in historv fl-R tfJ.n a.TV*V» . figure in the furnishings. traitor the mansion was leased and When all this has been accomplish¬ occupied for a term of years by Don ed the mansion will be kept continual¬ Juan Mirailles, the Spanish Minister. ly open for the inspection of the pub¬ Under an act of March 6, 1776, enti¬ lic. A competent caretaker will have tled "An act for the attainder of trait¬ charge. The Art Association, so Miss ors,” the property was forfeited and Pendleton states, will have all the in 1781 was conveyed by Joseph Reed, money necessary to carry out its plan president of the Supreme Executive and all that is necessary is the consent Council of Pennsylvania, to Colonel of the Park Commissioners. Richard Hamilton. After passing The only objection that might be of¬ through various ownerships, among fered to the contemplated restoration them that of Hon. Edward Shippen, is the fact that the mansion as a res¬ Chief Justice of Pennsylvania, and taurant and dairy is now a great ac¬ General Jonathan Williams, the latter commodation to the public, which un¬ of whom occupied it until his death der the, new order of things would not in 1815, the mansion became the prop¬ exist. The building, too, serves as erty of the city in 1868. about the only shelter in that part of THE MANSION’S HISTORY. the Park for hundreds in case of a It remained empty until 1878, when storm. The Park in the neighborhood it was leased to a Mr. Kirkpatrick, of the mansion is frequented almost who has ever since occupied the build¬ exclusively by women and children ing as a residence, conducting a res¬ and family parties and some shelter of taurant on the lower floor. So few this kind seems to be a necessity. Miss alterations have been made to the Pendleton, however, authorizes the statement that it is not the desire house that it stands to-day practically, as it was when built. The old-fash¬ or purpose of the Art Association to ioned, small-paned window sashes on displace the present occupant of th/ the first floor have been replaced by building or deprive the public of any sashes which admit of glass of a more accommodations. modern size, and it is thought that An interesting fact in connection two or three of the mantels and old- with the old mansion is that General fashioned fire places have been Washington and General Lafayette changed somewhat. Other than this visited there as the guests of Baron von the mansion is as it was, barring the Steuben, who was inspector general ravages of time and the storms of of the army under Washington. Wash¬ [weather, a hundred and more years ington and Lafayette, so it is said, ago. slept together in the bedroom at the In a talk with an Inquirer reporter northeast comer of the building on Miss Pendleton briefly outlined what the second floor. This room is the the Fairmount Park Art Association one most sought after now by visitors desires to do. It is tt lamentable fact to the mansion. that no true example of the colonial mansion to which the public has free . access is in existence in or near Phil¬ adelphia. One by one they have fallen before the advance of the modern mansion and the manifold increase in From, .... the value of 'the land upon which they j stood. The Arnold mansion is a splendid J specimen of colonial architecture. It I stands on an eminence and its massive J walls, quaint windows and colonial roof, with its dormer windows, are prominent objects to those who enter the Park by the Columbia avenue en¬ trance. The mansion is flanked in the rear on either side by a square two-story brick building. One of these, in Benedict Arnold’s day was a cook house or kitchen and the other the servant’s quarters. MISS PENDLETON’S PLAN. The Art Association’s idea is that such a building should be restored and retained as an object lesson for pres¬ ent and future generations. If the as¬ sociation obtains the custody of the [mansion it will be first placed in its Closing Ceremonies of the [original condition. Then it will be furnished throughout with furniture, Celebration at First rugs, hangings, pictures, etc., coin¬ cident with the period in which the Church. house was built. Many of the articles thus used will be those which Bene¬ dict Arnold himself owned, while oth¬ ers will possess an equal historical MEMORIAL TO DR. FURNESS.

; "7?

Preceded by an Impressive Communion Service—Essays Bead and the Bronze Bust of Dr. Joseph Priestley Unveiled.

The second of the two days’ celebration of the 100th anniversary of the founda¬ Merle St. Croix Wright, of New York. ’ tion of Unitarianism in this city and of After a short intermission the reading the First Unitarian Church of Philadel¬ of essays was continued in the after¬ phia, at Chestnut and Aspen Streets, be¬ noon. Rev. John W. Chadwick, of wail yesterday morning with impressive Brooklyn, spoke on “Theology in Amer¬ communion and memorial services, con¬ ica During the Century,” and Rev. Sam¬ ducted by Rev. Joseph L. May, pastor. uel M. Crothers, of Cambridge, Mass., After the communion the memorial ser¬ talked on “The Religious Outlook at the Close of the Century.” vice to Rev. Dr. William H. Furness be¬ DR. PRIESTLEY’S BUST. gan, and Rev. Dr. Robert Collyer, of New York, was introduced. “W’hen Dr. At the evening session the principal event was the unveiling of a bronze bust Furness was translated,” said Dr. Col¬ of Dr. Joseph Priestley, the philosopher, lyer, “I warrant you that every minister a gift of a few friends and members of of this town felt nothing but reverence. the church. The bust was unveiled by It was not sorrow. It was all reverence Robert Priestly Hayes, the great-great- and affection for the great friend of great-grandson of Dr. Priestley. humanity who had gone to God. Rev. Joseph May, pastor of the church, Rev. Dr. James de Normandie also said that this monument to Dr. Priestley, spoke in eulogy of Dr. Furness. He said the celebrated naturalist, theologian and there was no phrase that could better scientist, was dedicated to him some describe their old friend than that of time ago, but was not completed.: the Scriptures that “he came in the Through the kindness of friends and name of the Lord.” He then referred some of Dr. Priestley’s descendants they to the courage of Dr. Furness during had placed the bust there, which made the anti-slavery crusade. the monument complete. The memorial services were concluded Dr. Joseph W. Holland, professor of by the singing of the hymn, written by chemistry and dean of Jefferson Medical College, then delivered an address on Dr. Furness:— „ * * ■[ ", Dr. Priestley’s life. He said that he! “What is this that stirs within, would not discuss him from his philo- i Loving goodness, hating sin; sophlcal labors, nor his theological ser¬ Always craving to be blest, vices, but as a chemist, the discoverer Finding here below no rest?” of oxygen. He declared that as a votary FRATERNAL MESSAGES. of science his name shall not die. For After a short intermission an address more than 1000 years the complexity of the air had not been known, and Dr. of congratulation from sister churches Priestley turned upon it the search light was delivered by Rev. Howard N. Brown, of his genius and discovered its compon- i rector of King’s • Chapel, Boston. He ent parts. He was the pioneer of the said that his church was the oldest one investigation of gases, and discovered of the denomination in the new coun¬ nine different gases. The true nature of try. Continuing he said:— fire had been a problem vexing the soul “While you, therefore, are celebrating of philosophy, but Priestley attacked the question and solved it. After mentioning the one hundredth anniversary of your the different discoveries of Priestley, the establishment, for it is eleven years speaker referred to his religious life. since King’s Chapel passed the hun¬ At the conclusion of the address the bust dredth year of the proclamation of Uni¬ was unveiled. tarianism. it is of special interest to The exercises were concluded with an you that the grandfather of your pas¬ essay by Dr. John Fiske on “A Century’s tor, Rev. Joseph May, was for many Progress in Science.” years a vestryman of King’s Chapel in those early days. A CHURCH’S ANNIVERSARY. "Some of our own kith and kin, who ought to know better, think that as Century and a Half of Spruce Street Bap¬ we bear the name Ltnitarian that that means we are bound down to a narrow, tist Church Celebrated. sectarian policy. It is a pleasure toj The 150th anniversary of the Spruce me to bring congratulations to this sis¬ Street Baptist Church ended last even¬ ter church on attaining a hundred years ing with the celebration of the sixth of religious life. After all, the main sig¬ anniversary of the Young People’s So¬ nificance of the manifestation of Uni¬ ciety of the Christian Endeavor of that tarianism in this country was the larger church. assertion of the individual church to The exercises consisted of musical se¬ shape its own thought and belief.” lections rendered by the Christian En¬ An essay by Rev. W. W. Fenn, of deavor Union Choir, a solo by Walter A. Chicago, on "Biblical Authority During ; Wood and addresses by Chester A. the Century,” was then read. He said Asher, president of the Christian En¬ ’ that the religious public is not disposed deavor Society; Rev. Dr. Kerr Boyce to admit that there can be any change Tupper, pastor of the First Baptist Church, and A. D. Way. The evening mw*** ? * closed with a consecration service by Rev. Dr. J. Wilbur Chapman. - W r. -

' 111

had a daughter, Sarah, who was courted and won by a certain Isaac Shoemaker, and in course of time the property passed into the From,. hands of the son-in-law. A narrow passageway led from the Ger¬ mantown road through the Shoemaker prop¬ erty, down to the creek, and later on across the hills to other farms beyond. This road became known as Shoemaker's lane, which in modern times has been transmuted into |k Date, Penn street for reasons which will be made apparent later on. Where the lane met the creek a natural curiosity existed. An euor- mous rock, isolated and alone, jutted out

from the damp rich meadow lands, and far overhung the creek, whicli rippled along A Historic tandn >»rk in Germantown That full twenty feet beneath the surface of the is Being Demolished—How It stone. Received Its Name. The rock was by far the highest spot in the meadow, a.id whether guided by the Scrip¬ Workmen are busy felling the remaining tural example pr by other good aud sufficient forest trees and hundreds of cartloads of reasons, a substantial stone house was earth are daily being dumped into the ravine builded theron. Watson says, in 1686, other at Wingohocking Station, on the Reading authorities, in 16110, and it is this same old Railroad, in Germantown. The last vestiges house, now disguised by a heavy coat of plas¬ of “Meld's Meadow” are disappearing, and ter, which the traveler sees from the car with them will go one of the landmarks of window and which is the subject of our il¬ the city-the “Penn Rock” and the “Rock lustration. House.” When William Penn visited Philadelphia in Few persons passing the spot fail to notice 1699-1700 he was urged by the German colo¬ and remember the tiny stone dwelling which nists to come to their settlement and address stands on the right of the railroad at Penn them. This he did, and. tradition has it, an street, a few hundred feet south of Chelten immense open-air meeting was held on'the Avenue Station, for the view of a house banks of the Whigoho5kffij7 Pemi deiJverlhsr built upon the broad bare expanse of a liv¬ bis remarks from the lofty elevation of the ing rock is rare enough in this locality lo great natural rostrum, which remains till attract notice; but apart from this the house now unchanged. Hence the names of “Penn's and the rock have a history which is worth Rock" and “Penn street.” knowing. In the course of years the Shoemakers cul More than 200 years ago, when the colonists tivated their holdings hereabouts, and rose founded Germantown, one of the pilgrim to great prominence in colonial affairs. Bfn- fathers,- Gerhardt Hendricks by name, re¬ ceived as his allotment a farm of two hun¬ januh, are' son of Isaac, was Mayor of Phila¬ dred acres extending from Germantown road , delphia, as was likewise in his turn his son to and beyond Wingohocking creek, then a Samuel the latter, however, falllug into evil babbling water course of no mean size Ho days during the Revolution, when for his - loyalty to the old order of things, his estates purclia.se for the city. The uppermost floor (including the site of present Laurel HiTl of the building and most of the roof were de¬ ,-Cemetery),w ere confiscated, notwithstand¬ ing which he labored long and effectively in stroyed. The damage Is estimated at 312,000, London m behalf of American prisoners of which is covered by insurance. war. Keith's . “Provincial Councillors of The mansion is a commodious three-story t ennsylvan;n" contain an exliaustive history structure, containing about thirty-five of the Shoemaker., family clown to recent rooms. There were three families residing times. In the house, presumably as enretakers of the ^®fntitne the village of Germantown grew rapidly and industries sprung up along the place.These occupants were Frederick Crowe Wingohocklng, beginning with the famed and Lawrence and Edgar Gardiner, with Wakefield Mills, in Fisher's Hollow. Then their wives and children. It is said that one came the railroad, now Some sixty-five years of them is the authorized caretaker and that since. Stations were established at Shoe¬ he sublet the other parts of the mansion. maker s lane and at Church lane, the rail¬ Each iamily bad its cook-stove, and the road crossing a branch of the creek at the stove chimneys were arranged apparently latter point. One cannot find these stations now. Church lane became Mill street, Shoe¬ more with regard to convenience than safety. , maker s lane was changed to Penn street The Crowes occupied a portion of the ground | and another old-time thoroughfare further floor, and the six-inch iron stovepipe from I south known as Duy’s lane became Wister their kitchen passed up through the second [ street. Some years ago the new station story. The upper part of the stovepipe was called \V ingohocking was opened and the old and defective, and by this means tho I older stations were abolished. A decade since from a thing of beauty, the rafters were set on fire. creek became an object of dislike and then The alarm was sent in at 8.52 o’clock, but | rapidly deteriorated into an ill-smelling open before the fire engines could reach the spot setter, \cars ago a far-sighted Germantown the flames had spread over a considerable man had a boulevard placed upon the city portion of the roof. The fire originated at plan to be known as Belfield avenue, which the northwest corner of the building, and followed the line of the creek. In 1SS7 as the result of agitation steps were taken to practically the whole of the third story was cover the creek with a sewer and thus open destroyed. The firemen succeeded in keep¬ the new street. ing the flames out of the tower on the south- I The plan was bitterly contested by the east corner, but It was undermined to such mill owners having water rights along the an extent that it may have to be torn down. stream, but step by step the sewer crept Thu lower floors were saved, but the ceilings along until in July, 1890, tho courts refused and walls of the spacious rooms were badly the injunction asked for by the Bfomieys damaged by water. The two Gardiner fami¬ whose mills were near Wister station, and from that time active resistance ceased lies occupied rooms in the upper part of the Ihe old stream yet flows underneath the mansion, and they lost most of their furni¬ ground in a huge sewer ten feet in diameter ture and clothing. and its course can be traced for miles down through the valley and across the fields History of the Building. citywards. The> history of the Eastwick house is really The ancient trees and lowlands at Wingo- a part of the history of Bartram’s Garden. liocking station were the sole remaining evi¬ Up to 1850 tho property remained in the pos¬ dences of the former meadows, aud in a few session of John Bartram’s descendants. His weeks all these will have passed away, and the W Ilham Penn Rock will be buried be- . son William maintained the garden aud im¬ neath the "made ground'' necessary to bring I proved aud enlarged it. He never married, the land up to the city datum. J and, dying suddenly in 1823, the property de¬ scended to his next of kin, Anna Bartram, .. Iwy. 1 -a... ■.. *. t»b. who had married Colonel Robert Carr. Colonel Cqrr conducted it as a nursery and seed garden for many years, and it was called • ‘Carr’s Garden. ’ ’ Andrew M. Eastwick had a mortgage of From, [15,000 against the property, and Colonel Carr and his wife, beifig in declining years, and their son having died, they were anxious to retire from ihe nursery business, and of¬ fered to give the property to Eastwick for . the mortgage. Eastwick had a fondness for the place, for;' he had made many a pleasure trip in his boyhood by boat to Carr’s Gardens,and even at an early age had cherished the hope that lie might one day own and preserve that garden. He therefore readily accepted Col. Carr’s offer. Eastwick was in early life a machinist and A ACTED HOUSE BURNED became a locomotive builder with a partner named Garrett. Ho afterwards associated with hint Joseph Harrison, Jr., and one of THE EASTWIGK MANSION, NEAR BART- the greatest achievements of the firm was the designing of an eight-wheeled freigin loco¬ RAI’S GARDEN, PARTLY DESTROYED. motive, which was so successful that it soon became the accepted type for freight service. This locomotive attracted the attention of Most of the Roof Gone, and the Loss is agents of the Emperor Nicholas of Russia, About S12.000—An Interesting Sketch of who contracted with Eastwick, Harrison its Planning and Building. and Thomas Winans, of Baltimore, to build and equip a railroad from Moscow Jo St. Be I e is burg. A destructive fire occurred yesterday morn¬ At the time this offer was made by Colonel ing at the Eastwick mansion, which is Just Carr, Eastwick was home on a flying trip, south of Bartram’s Garden, on the Eastwek expecting to return to Russia within a week. property, that Councils have just decided to 7 113

* . . .. THE RUINED CORNER of Deslnng first 01 all to protect the garden and Us valuable collection of trees for all time lie m '011 i t ec r, re 111 n i o ri u*, applied to Robert Buist, who was then the came so near >„ V ■ ,lle'r Plan, wli leading nurseryman of Philadelphia, to en- H visitorviso. was eu-gedt-tG kastwick’s • idealic,C;U that'that gage for him within one week some one who laS destroyed "vMT °f the bu should combine a botanical knowledge with a weil-knowii PiiiUiiinr C 1 Was bai11 practical horticulture and civil engineering Stewart. This builntn, P m buikiG1'. ■> Buist promised to procure such a man, but reputation. He des'-vn° d® Ule iU'chite found he could not do it within the limited time, and to keep faith with Eastwick he of¬ ■still Standing near the n!/ ,otts' which fered his own foreman, the now well-known The Board oT Rescrv, I nurseryman and Select Councilman, Thomas his plans for several i flrei' adop , Meehan, to take charge of the garden during were on Hues entirely new at ti nWh the absence oi its new proprietor in Russia It was supposed bv- .V»L 1 tune- This oiler was accepted, and Mr. Meehan of the residence would he som* ^at tbe s ear,Chnrge ul 1 i8 I)laoe> remaining there two | the sliado of the rare tree- ) where " it! tram, but so great w *1rPlanted b>' & About a year later Eastwick returned from Russia and,as it was known that ho intended to build a new residence, an architect then unknown in the city, and ascertainin''- the spot where he proposed to erect it drew uu without consulting Mr. Eastwick, a plan and ! vxssissz1. cams with it unasked to him, requesting that i he examine it. Eastwick, in a pleasant and residence, and so greaMvas^l‘’Ui “““"i for Bartram-s'memory a m V('lleratic courteous way, told the architect that it was unnecessary to examine it,as lie had in mind belonging io the great bot ini-mh ?vervthk several houses lie had seen in the old world he had the iiou.se thorouo,|, lat'11,1 lu,ug permitted, Pot the slightest^‘ h^alreti' b alter some of which ho intended to pattern his own. 1 to

>;-.v - ■ >:*■■■' «T 114 m

, satisfaction 'of e v e Vy o h o'-T n tie rest e a m~t.no ..early history of the.city, it will bo seen from the above account that the preservation of this historic .and beautiful garden is really BUILDING AND CONTENTS DESTROYED owing to the earnest desire of the boy, East- wick, to have it preserved for all time. It will be noted that the burned building Is on that portion of the property which, only THE LOSS IS ESTIMATED AT ABOUT HALF last Thursday, Select Council decided to pur¬ chase as an addition to the part before taken A MILLION DOLLARS. for a public park. The present owners entered heartily into the desire of their father for the preservation of everything connected Fire late Saturday afternoon destroyed the with Bartram, and had been anxious for the old Pennsylvania Railroad station and train city to own this addition. They generously sheds.at Thirty-second arid Market streets. proposed in the negotiations to leave com¬ Two firemen wore killed and eleven injured i pletely out of consideration the house, look¬ by falling walls and the intense heat In ing only to the absolute value of the ground. which they were obliged to work. The finan¬ It had been the thought of Mr. Essenhower, cial loss is estimated at nearly half a million Chief Commissioner of City Property, to use dollars. the Eastwick building for free library pur¬ Of this amount over $300,000 is on rilling | poses. In this sense the destruction of the stock. Six Pullman palace coaches, worth building may be considered a loss. It was about 820,000 apiece, were totally destroyed. not, however, so located as to be useful fori Twenty day coaches were also burned. They that purpose. are valued at 86000 each. The private clars of In itself it had no great historic value. Mr. President Roberts, Vice President Thomson Eastwick was not permitted to long enjoy this and President Kimball, of the Norfolk and beautiful habitation, for at the outbreak ot Western Railroad, were under the sheds,but the Rebellion he met with severe financial they were run out before the fire reached losses, which crippled his resources to such them. an extent that it was difficult for him to Yesterday large crowds of people visited maintain the establishment. During his life¬ the ruins. ‘ It is safe to say that such a large time. however, his earnest thought was for area, has not been laid waste by flames in the preservation of the garden, and notwith¬ Philadelphia for several years. The depot standing temptations to dispose of the prop¬ and train sheds werfe at least three squares erty were continually offered, his love for the in length, and it is estimated that the build¬ memories of Bartram was too great to per¬ ings burned covered ten acres of ground j mit him to part with it. space. In the meantime, however, he was press Dead and Injured. ing various organizations in the city to se¬ The dead are: William Slaiger, 02 years cure and preserve it. Among these was the old, Assistant Chief and Fourth District .1 Pennsylvania Horticultural Society, which, Engineer, Engine Company No. 27, and Hugh McGrannlgan, 49 years old, 5316 Wyalusing however, was not in a financial position to accept his offers. None of these negotia¬ avenue. Staiger’s skull was fractured, his abdomen tions were successful. Previous to his death and side crushed,and his body badly burned. his fortunes revived somewhat, but it is be¬ He was buried under a falling wall, and died lieved he would have disposed of the entire soon after being removed to the Presbyterian 5 property if he could have been assured that Hospital. He was a widower,and leaves two . the garden would be preserved. children.

1 gjM “■ a a * a mjk a tmtlllMf DEATH AMID FLAMES.

OLD PENNSYLVANIA DEPOT IN WEST PHILADELPHIA BURNED.

TWO FIREMEN KILLED BY A FALLING WALL

SEVERAL OTHERS HURT BY FLYING DEBRIS OR OVERCOME BY THE HEAT. 115 f

W!1,° aI«o crushed^be- from the gas tank iiT tliis car. which was fit¬ fh» t. ■ . fa llng wall, sustained fractures of ted with tlv> curburetting system of gas light¬ the thighs and ankles, besides burns and in¬ ing. The flames spread both’ ways. By the ternal injuries. He also died shortly after I lime the firemen arrived there was a line of Pp'ip taken to the Presbyterian Hospital fire not) feet long. HTho r If a Tldow n,ld tbree children. They at once turned their attention to the 11,6 following is a list of the injured • station. The second story of tiiis building was occupied as the headquarters of the ' 8.57 North NMnTf’ fl/e“an of Trucb A. 42 years, Philadelphia Division of the Pennsylvania lnlured of^fi1 Street’ 13 the Inost seriously Railroad, and all the division officers had theine Presbyterian Hospital.611 n°T belngOneof cared the lorehv- in their offices there. The telegraph depart¬ | ;fcians tbe ,atter institution said P]ast ment of tlie division was located in the upper part ot the building, All the main batteries ser.ouT’hf’ Snev'd’s cond>tton was was to, lle, WOU d probably recover. He were there, and all the wires from Broad y as severely injured in the chest back and direct Station for the West and North passed through this point. All the old records of r hC Ten ly a fa,Iiu" b^. several of his the company were kept in this building. abra^onenf H and he aIso sustained an i The flames soon communicated to the rear £« us-,,-In »*“ | of the station, and in a few minutes the fire¬ men were driven from the second floor by • ag’SKjRa ”r,r sr&jL’r* tho fire and smoke. Few of the records were saved. Saturday being a half-holiday most of the clerks were away, and no intelligent effort could be made (o save the valuable ! f sss1“,r,‘“a*j- -* w-wSJg papers. The telegraph wires were cut by i William Bennett, Assistant Foreman order of Superintendent FonderSmith, who I was in charge, and trains were tied up fori 1 wn6street54 both°k ~3’ 3S years; 2520 Tb°mp- over two hours. For that length of time : -G^;ontubsS there was not even a train wire in service. Efforts to Save the Cars. Xo. 091 Sh FoVty^setTd^strLr11^,1’' When the fire was discovered the engineers wound and sprained hip St’eet' SCa,-D Uf two shifting locomotives blew their David Weller, 16 years q whistles. The Pennsylvania Railroad has a place, fractured arm; fell’and was rm bie alarm signal code by which these en°i- by a coal wagon at the fire °Ver neere communicated to all the employes atrick Curtin, of Engine Company No nithin earshot, of their whistles. Nearly 500 employes of the company responded to the f‘a™' and during the first few minutes of the file there was a great scurrying to and fio in an effort to save as much property as possible; Under direction of Yard Foreman | siSH— iff‘sit? J. A. Hieken and Master Mechanic Deverill a number of cars were pulled out of the shed. Some of them wiere taken to Broad Street SSkBsST fetatmu and others were run on to the sidings ^,1 lfr!‘,8htyards near tbe Powelton Ave- v, ■ tation. Some of the cars were afire when brought out. The men labored in this „..Tht/ollow,n81 were removed to the TTnlvor tn^n^u '1 ’f becallle positively dangerous ffy Hospital; George Preston of Truck 4 to go into the shed, and they were compelled ° gYv,e,llP Ule task. The Boston train, which i srsasr enss ■» would have left at 6 o’clock, was made up denstroyeddiDS ia the shed' 11 was entirely

s,roke0d0re FeIt0r’ 1507 SP™g street, heat- ,J.b®. Pullman Company had an office in a buildmg adjoining the train shed, where it Philip Saulshury, of Truck T -jc c .. /0 niamtamed its commissary department burns.Street' -a>P-und, inured fie^S ,'’ s division. This had been newly Honor dr y a f°w days ago with wines and “r)nthe buffet, ears leaving this M^of'WaTwickfbowed^hrgrSt^con I citj . This building was totally destroyed. cern for the injured firemen yesterday mni ' arrfJ.fi a' colf Pailies.immediately upon their at an early hour in the morning caem t arrivai, wept to work upon the front, of the . Presbyterian and University HosniJiJV • Elpvfn' The)nside was a glowing furnace. quire concerning their condition.' P 1 ° ln' , Jri, 1?- »*tal pillars, and its roof wL j him for heroic work. gratulated still untouched by the flames. But above it. Started in a Pullman Car. bulfdinf na,kJd’ blackened walls of the main The fire was discovered nt a nn , building. The girders which had been tlie jone of the Pullman Sr cleaners lm°C,k by Z!,r;?r! of.tbl* wall were burned away, leav- I about tlie depot. An alarm e™Plff'ed thfn 1 tostand llP°n its own shaky founda- once from a fire ho\- inst as struck at This was followed Sothe^ ^8tre-ef' Part of tho Front, Wall Falls succession. Twenty "ene-ino 1 ‘n fiuick A cupola upon the top of this wall made it sponded. y tnglne companies re- top-heavy. Tlie mortar between the bricks When the firemen reached n,0 h crumbled from the excessive heat. Sud¬ building they soon saw that tlie VLbUriVng denly the wall began to waver, and with a could not be saved Tho rim .e.*lrnn ®hed crash the heavy stone cupola, carrying with ocacSlvSie,,"J, S.'S:."”1"1 » it a portion of the brickwork beneath, fell to the ground. The tumbling mass of brick **•*. » l»MW,.l..™"«„rr!S and stone went through the roof of the nor- View of the Ruins of the Old Pennsylvania Railroad Station as They Appeared Yesterday^ tico as if it had been so much brown paper. ladderman, who was buried in the heated The crowd in the street gave a warning cry, bricks up to his neck. The crushed and and the firemen turned to run. Four of burned bodies of Engineer Staiger and Lad¬ them, however, were struck by the falling derman McGranigan, who died shortly after¬ debris. Assistant Foreman George R. Pres¬ ward in the Presbyterian Hospital, were ton was struck on the head by a toppling taken out from under heaps of hot ddbris. pillar and pinned down beneath a fold of the Ladderman George Jennings was pinned collapsed roof. His feet and legs were fast underneath a beam, but he was not so crushed and hjis back injured. Samuel seriously hurt as the others. Assistant Fore¬ Sneyd and Charles W. Race received serious man William Bennett and Fireman Patrick injuries. Foreman John Blee was also Curtain, of Engine Company No. 43, were in¬ slightly hurt. side at the time the wall fell in. They saved themselves by Jumping through one of the By 6 o’clock the car shed was entirely con¬ sumed. By 7 o’clock the main building was doors in the opposite wall and were but slightly hurt by flying bricks. in ruins. The greater part of the eastern wall had fallen in, the roof was entirely Large crowds of people hung about the smouldering ruins until midnight, and sev¬ gone and part of the front wall was down. eral engines remained to prevent a fresh out¬ Soon after 7 o’clock District Engineer Staiger and the laddermen of Truck I were at break of the flames. The scene was one of remarkable destruction. Iron pillars and work inside the two-story brick wing of the beams, twisted into fantastic shapes by the building extending back on Thirty-second intense heat, stood out in relief against a street. They extinguished the fire and then tangled mass of telegraph wires, car wheels started to tear down with picks and axes the rods and general debris. During the Area wet and smouldering woodwork. The walls] strong southwest wind blew glowing embers there were 12 inches thick, and, up to this; for several squares, and pieces of charred time, had given no sign of weakening. Sud¬ paper were picked up all the way to Frank- denly, however, the middle of the wall near¬ ford. est the street gave way with a loud report Fire Near Gasoline. and several tons of brick and mortar fell in¬ Within 50 feetofthe burning train shed, just ward, completely burying four of the men. across the P. W.

& 117

I threatened to Coniriinnicate'ttvfbe IrorTstof'e-' The city, it was decided to greatly enlarge anff honse. but they were driven back with a improve It. This was done, and to the mil¬ i great effort. lions of passengers who passed through its ! During the fire Vine President Pugh and gates in 1876 it seemed a triumph of railroad , Pullman Superintendent Johnson were on j construction. The location was decidedly jy the ground. Director of Public SafotyRiter inconvenient, however,for those who wanted and Superintendent, of Police Linden" and ! to reach the centre of the city, and It was fast Captains Malin, Thompson and Quirk, with becoming too small for the rapidly expand¬ -■Policemen from tile Fifth, Nineteenth Six- ing business of the company. The eastward sses wil1 aggregate $.00,0(10, allot which falls upon the railroad company. The loss in ears, including the Pullmans, makes up about half the total loss

“n1‘hCTSU'«n isavrFK! fund to cover mr ? “ ancl credi,ed to this to the Pu lmil r °88eS' It is also responsible cars underiTs" L P.any for the loss of Its It is twenil v tFaCtS w,th ,hat company, since the station” w th‘S present month Its erection we. u °pened for business, acten'st e In 7he p”shed wltl* the speed char-

when BrboaadStreema«ortingPlaCefortm,ns

to no nw Si tSl °fflcerS'H has b«n put were used aA e compan-v- The train sheds dolnT 3 a convenient place to store cars of the bull (Bn 38 a*yard' The lower story the Fran Urn ? ?•! USe<1 ln the fa,! of 1884 by TILLERMAN HUGH M’GRANIGAN. sssss&ssr,or °por,ion °r'« The body of the dead engineer was taken P the erection of the Broad Street Sta- yesterday to tire house of his daughter, Mrs. of the fliZtT*1 b.ulldine was considered one Dr. Tuttle, 2831 Diamond street, from which place the funeral will be held Wednesday af¬ ternoon at 1 o’clock, interment, being made in Fern wood Cemetery. The surviving mem¬ feetKet streets,ctrlef SOme now years the at Eleventh td-and Mar-, bers of the South Penn Hose Company, of the House, to which ,1 f the BmSbam old Volunteer Fire Department, of which Mr. hauled i,, tt- a 1 Passenger trains were Staiger was a member, will attend tbefuneral in a body. « Theengine house where he made his head¬ quarters, at Twenty-second street and Co¬ lumbia avenfie, is draped in black, and ail the men are much east down, for Staiger was well known and highly respected. Ho was a widower and leaves two growr.-up children. ssgg Hugh MeGranigan was born in Delaware concentrate the business in WesTphiinrtei phia. The new station answered it ° ade ' county in 1840. When a boy be came to re¬ very well for years hnt 77n ^ ^ purP°se side in Philadelphia. For about six years he of the CentennLT when it i the approacb was employed in an oil works as a, refiner, there would be an enormous ruslh of Weft^ and subsequently served as an engineer in the Henry Carroll Brick Wonts, at Fifly- .mti -h

'

eighth and Hawnoru rotnx, 'wifTc’rt "pfcsnmn been advised to do so by some' of hia'1 he held about three years. He afterward friends in Philadelphia, who had boarded \ was engineer for the Hestonvilie Passenger there. Here he met Mary Stevenson, then Railway Company for about five years. a young woman of eighteen years. Both About twelve years ago McGranigan was for Mrs. Stevenson and her daughter, appointed tillerman in the Fire Department, Mary, he found a cordial attachment, and was assigned to Truck F, which position which lasted throughout the rest of his he held up till his death. Ho had just gotten life, a period of thirty-three years. During over an accident a few months ago, which the early years of their acquaintance was due to the collision of two trucks on Franklin took great interest in perfecting j Gray’s Ferry road while on the way to a fire. her education. Miss Stevenson spent the McGranigan had his right leg broken and his most of her time in the country with her left leg very badly torn, necessitating his re¬ tention in the Howard Hospital for several mother^sS'houseelo:ccasf0neSen'tfte'ro6?>i4l- months and at. home for several weeks. spondence between her and Franklin, who McGranigan was a member of the Fire¬ suggested books for her to read, directed men’s Pension Fund. He leaves a widow her studies and answered her questions on and five children. The funeral will take philosophical subjects. place from his late residence, 5316 Wyalusing She was married in 1770 to Dr. William avenue, and service will be held in the Hewson, the celebrated physician and dis¬ Church of Our Mother of Sorrows, on Wed¬ tinguished anatomist. For his anatomical nesday morning, at S.30 o’clock. discoveries he received the Copley meda.1, George E. Wagner, President of the Insur¬ and was elected a fellow of the Royal ance Patrol, said In his last annual report: Society, both of which honors Franklin ‘ ‘We also again find that, in a very large ma¬ himself received. Dr. Hewson died in 1774 jority of cases the fires are due to carelessness of blood poisoning, the result of a fyound j and bad management. This statement has received in dissection, thus terminating a I been made so many times, and lor so many brilliant career at the age of thirty-four. I years, that it seems almost trite, yet I ven¬ His widow was left with three infant ture to say so again with the hope that the children. thought may find some lodgment in the Mrs. Hewson continued to reside in Epg- ’ minds of our citizens that will enable them land until 1786, when, with her children, ! to comprehend that the annual ash heap is she came to Philadelphia. After residing j their particular concern. They foot the bills, I and whatever amount may be realized from here for a short time she moved to Bris¬ the insurance* companies by particular suffer¬ tol, where she spent the rest of her life. ; ers is paid by insurers in their insurance On her tombstone at Bristol is the fol¬ premiums. ” lowing inscription: MARY HEWSON, Relict of WILLIAM HEWSON, F. R. S., Professor of Anatomy in London. Died the 14th of October, 1795, From, Aged 56 years. Not four years had she enjoyed the height of conjugal felicity when fate snatched away the best of husbands. He died a .. martyr to his profession. Her youth was distinguished by mental improvement. Her whole life by the practice of virtue, her death by the grief it inspired. One of the most interesting of these let¬ Bate, ters from Franklin in Dr. Bradford’s pos¬ session, was written in 1767, from Paris. This letter is so thoroughly characteristic of Franklin in many ways and is, at the ’s Letters To a Young English Girl

In the possession of Dr. T. Hewson r same time, or such a "descriptive charac¬ Bradford, of Philadelphia, there are for¬ ter, that it is here given in full: ty-six letters written by Benjamin Frank- Paris, September 14, 1767. I lin^ to Miss Mary Stevenson (Polly Ste¬ Dear Polly, venson as her friends called her). Dr. i I am always pleas’d with a letter from Bradford’s gTeat-grandmother by her you, and I flatter myself you may be marriage to Dr. William Hewson, the em¬ sometimes pleas’d, such as this, which is inent surgeon. These letters show that to consist of a few occasional Remarks made here and in my journey hither. • , Franklin had the highest esteem for Miss j Soon after I left you in that agreable Stevenson, and they also indicate that she Society at Bromley, I toqk the Resolu¬ must have been a girl of superior intelli¬ tion of making a Trip with Sir John gence, and that she possessed a highly Pringle into France. We set out the 28th cultivated mind. Some, of his best letters p’st. All the way to Dover we were fur¬ nished with Post Chaises hung so as to lean on philosophical and other subjects are forward, the Top coming down over one’s to be found in this collection. eyes, like a Hood, as if to prevent one’s When Franklin went to London in 1757 seeing the Country, which, being one of as agent of the colony of Pennsylvania, my great Pleasures, I was engag’d in he took up his residence at the private perpetual Disputes with the Innkeepers, boarding house of Mrs. Margaret Steven¬ Hostlers and Postillions about getting the Straps taken up a Hole or two before, and son, in Craven st., on the Strand, having 119

SILVER INKSTAND GIVEN TO POLLY STEVENSON BY BENJAMIN FRANK- L1 N. let down as much behind, they insisting | Rself is certain. Never was I in a place that the Chaise leaning forward was an of greater industry, Wheels and Looms ease to the Horses, and that the contrary going in every House. | would kill them. I suppose the Chaise a As_^t.soon as , we left Abbeville, the leaning forward looks to them like a Wil¬ Swarthiness returned. I speak generally- lingness to go forward; and that its hang¬ £°£ here are some fair Women at Paris, ing back shows a Reluctance. They added Yhof * think, are not whitened by Art. other Reasons, that were no Reasons at As to Rouge, they don’t pretend to imi¬ all, and made me, as upon 100 other ocas- tate Nature in laying it on. sions, almost wish that mankind had There is no gradual diminution of the never been endow’d with a reasoning Jbe full bloom in the middle Faculty, since they know so little how to of the Cheek to the faint tint near the make use of it, and so often mislead them- ■ sides, nor does it show itself differently selves by it; and that they had been fur¬ in different faces. I have not had the nish’d with a good, sensible Instinct in¬ honour of being at any Lady’s toilette, to stead of it. see how it is laid on, but I fancy I can At Dover the next Morning we em¬ J.®1,1y°? bow Jt. is, or may be, done. Cut a bark d for Calais with a Number of Pas- hole of three inches diameter in a piece sengers, who had never been before at of paper; place it on the side of your face sea. They would previously make a hearty in such a manner as that the top of the Breakfast, because, if the Wind should SvJh be just under the eye; then, fail we might not get over till Supper¬ with a Brush dipped in the Color, paint time. Doubtless they thought that Shen face and paper together; so when the pa- they had paid for their Breakfast they per is taken off there will remain a round had a Right to it, and that when they had patch of red exactly the form of the hole, swallowed it they were sure of it But ■this is the mode, from the Actresses on they had scarce been out half an hour be¬ the Stage upwards through all ranks of fore the Sea laid Claim to it, and thev Ladies to the Princesses of the blood; were oblig’d to deliver it up. but it stops there, the Queen not using it * So it seems there are uncertainties, even having in the Serenity, Complacence, and beyond, those of the Cup and the Lip If Benignity, that shine so eminently in. or ever you go to sea, take my advice and rather through her Countenance, sufficient beauty, though now an old Woman, to do Tht t,v.unnffIy m ' ■ m 120

W ater-woi'KS are ouc oi l-tepair, anu-str- is a great Part of the Front next the Town, looking, with its shabby, half-brick Walls, and broken Windows, not much better than the Houses in Durham Yard. There is, in short, both at Versailles and Paris, a Prodigious Mixture of Magni¬ ficence and Negligence, with every kind of Elegance except that of Cleanliness, * 1 and what we call “Tidyness.” Tho’ I must do Paris the justice to say that in two points of Cleanliness they exceed us. The Water they drink, though from the River, they render as pure as that of the best Springs by filtering it through Cisterns filled with sand; and the Streets, with constant sweeping, are fit to walk in, . though there is no paved foot-path. Ac- , cordmgly, many well-dress’d people are : constantly seen walking in them. The crowd of Coaches and Chairs, for this Reason, is not so great. Men; as well as Women, carry umbrellas in their hands, which they extend in case of Rain or too much Sun; and, a Man with an Umbrella not taking up more than three foot square, or nine square feet of the street, when, if in a Coach, he would take up two hundred and forty square feet, you can easily conceive that, though the streets here are narrow, they may be much less encumbered. They are ex- •

general^“d the stones, being generally cubes, when worn on one side ^turned and become new. e> give u^Thl^Jv3 we everywhere receive 'v? the strongest impressions of the Pollteness. It seems to be a point settled here universally, that stranger's MRS. MARY HEWSON. the same dref'ted withrespect; and one^has (From an old miniature.) in! a qVr^nce-sh° wn one here by be- I a^dv rK 4as la England by being a ■‘jhe custom-house officials at Port ot. Denis, as we entered Paris, were about They told me I was become twenty, Wine’glv™0 dozen of excellent Bordeaux years younger, and looked very galante. thought with* at Eerdosne. and which we I was once very near making Love to my fnnnrf himW th hut, as soon as they i Friend’s wife. ateh? Strangers, it was immedi- This Letter shall cost you a Shilling, Chimeh ^ on that account. At the and you may consider it cheap, when you l^hUrch of Notre Dame, where we went reflect that it has cost me at least fifty to see a Magnificent Ilimuination, with i Guineas to get Into the situation that b*.- WeUfmmed f°la nnything? Here is an Exhi¬ ter, that, surrounded as I am by the bit1'on. of Painting, like ours in London, Glories of the World, and Amusements of to which Multitudes flock daily. I am not all sorts. I remember you, and Dolly, and Connoisseur enough to judge which has all the dear good folks at Bromley. It is ™°st jwent. Every night, Sundays not ex- true I cannot help it, but must and ever ?pPtedi here are Plays and Operas; and, shall remember you all with pleasure. tno the weather has been hot, and the Your most affectionate, houses full, one is not incommoded by the B. FRANKLIN. heat so much as with us in Winter. They must have some way of changing the Air Another letter of much interest In this collection is written from Portsmouth, 1 enquire!into it* acduainted with. I shali England. It gives as the first intimation T Slav®!11?®' [s one way of lengthening i that Franklin had hoped his son William oak?’* at ieast. *n appearance. It is but (afterwards Governor of New Jersey) a fortnight since we left London, : varie1ty °f Scenes we have g-one would have married Miss Stevenson. It .. ™ake.s it seem equal to six reads as follows: months livmg: in one Place. Perhaps I have suffered a greater changre, too, in my Portsmouth, Aug. 11, 1762. own person, than I could have done in six My Dear Polly—This is the best paper I years at home. I had not been here six can get at this wretched inn, hut it will days before my Taylor and Perruquier1 convey what is intrusted to it as faith- had transformed me into a Frenchman. fully as the finest. It will tell my Polly Only think what a Figure I make in a lit¬ how much her friend is afflicted; that he tle Bag-wig: and with naked Ears! must, perhaps, never again see one for whom he has so sincere an affection, joined to so perfect an esteem; who he once flattered himself might become his j> own, in the tender relation of a child, but can now entertain such pleasing hopes no more. Will it tell hoiv much he Is afflicted? No, it cannot. Adieu, my dearest child. I will call you so. Why should I not call you-so, since I love you with all the tenderness of a father? Adieu. Mav the God of all good¬ ness shower down his choicest blessings unon you. and make you infinitely haD- pler than that event could have made you tueir members, and invited And wherever I am. believe me to be, with a number of gentlemen to address them, unalterable affection, my dear Polly your among whom was ex-President John sincere friend. Quincey Adams. Below will be found * B. FRANKLIN. an autograph letter of the ex-President, Dr. Bradford has also in his possession which was the property of the company a silver inkstand, which was presented until they went out of active service It by Franklin to Mary Stevenson. It is an is now the property of Mr. William Con- exceedingly beautiful specimen of the me“ber now living silversmith’s art; the design Is chaste and (1888). The letter reads as follows: quaint in its conception. It contains a David F. Fell, Esq., sand box of glass with a silver cap and a No. 13 North Third street, Phila glass ink well, also with a silver cap, hav¬ c. T Washington, March 19, 1841 ing a small glass stopper. Engraved in &ir—1 had some time since the honor of one of the compartments is the following receiving from you an invitation to de- inscription: "The Gift of Benjamin TGrl an 5 address before the Friendship Franklin, LL. D., F. R. S., to Mary Ste¬ hire and Literary Association, of the venson.” County of Philadelphia, at your conven time. A degree of uncertainty Another descendant of Mary Stevenson, whether it might not be in my power Miss Hewson, of Philadelphia, a great- as I should have desired to comply with granddaughter, owns two beautiful silver this request has hitherto delayed my candlesticks that were also presented to answer which I regret to say constrains )| Mary Stevenson to Franklin. They are me. *£. f°re£° the hope of being able to in the form of fluted columns, with orna¬ undertake the task. mental tops in design, somewhat on the * am Tei-y respectfully, sir, your obed- order of ionic capitals. ldent servant, The portrait of Mrs. William Hewson r, , , J. Q. ADAMS. I (Mary Stevenson), appearing at the head wnLth 2rews ofTthe death of President of this article, is from an old miniature in William Henry Harrison the company the possession of Miss Hewson. held a special meeting on April 10, 1841 J. G. GILLESPIE. when the following preamble and resolu¬ tions were adopted: Whereas, It has pleased the Almighty God in his wisdom to call to himself our late venerable and patriotic Chief Mag- ustrate, William Henry Harrison, ancl that we as c>tizens of hh® United States should render respect and honor to one who emphatically proved himself during a long and sei> viceable life the noblest work of God— an honest man. Therefore, be it Resolved, Ihat this company having heard with the most poignant grief of -°f late President, and that they join with their fellow-firemen m paying the last tribute of respect? to one who so eminently deserves it. Resolved, That the apparatus of the

thirty day^ deeP mournin£ for In May, 1841, the companv sold their

! villeviue, eFa.,p?D for°S!snnfor 8800. C?InmP August,Aany from 1841, Dan the- Ted A1 nuw en8ibe built by Old Voluuteer Mr. Agnew. In October,1841, there was a second attempt to destroy the engine feS"® fir5’ which the following S lution offered at a meeting of the c-om- solved°nTW0br 13’ 1S41’ "il] show:*"Re- solved, That the secretary be reauested rb0lnpSebi-tbTe f°llowing advertisement fn ward UVTLLnbSer three times: “$100 re- ward. ihe above reward will be mid for the apprehension and prosecution to conviction of the person or peraonL who attempted to destroy by fire thehnnJnf i the Friendship Fire Com^nv on Brown below Third., on Monday, the 11th ins?”

active^ mrmbersareofhetheameS °f the jzzirsz. WR843’ ^iIliam Richmcfnd, Xmeyn Williams, Lewis Price, George Wash I Sunday Dfe'pSc*16 °M FHe8 °f the ington Hesselpoth, John F Paul phalli Peters, Conard Hess Alfred W scs. fc’cS The celebration to-day of the lOfith anniversary of the erection of “Old Stfrit|, Char]es~PraIey“William Swedes’ Church,” the Protestant Epis¬ f hf w m L Pe£k>?son Gaul, Edward copal church of “Gloria Dei,” situ- i ^ T0™18??/3 .Rowan- John A. Lang- •ated on Swanson street, in the south¬ abartb, John Kimile, William Alexander, eastern part of the city, brings into SSf*g Y' ,Lewis’ J°Tph TinSler> Wil¬ prominence the two other Protestant liam B. Lukens and Andrew Sage At Episcopal church edifices that are ri¬ the tri-annual parade of the Fire De¬ vals of "Old Swedes’ Church” in point partment, held on March 27, 1843 we of antiquity. hnd the company in line, haying Charles The two old churches mentioned, at Aeiner as marshal and Romevn Wil¬ which services are held every Sunday, liams and G. W. Hesselpoth as assistant are known as the Old Swedes Church marshals. The engine was tastefully of Bridgeport, situated on the Schuyl¬ decorated and was drawn by four black kill River opposite the lower end of horses. They also had two of their Norristown, in Montgomery county, members carry the banner, and two tas¬ and the Old Trinity Church, at Ox¬ sel bearers. On Saturday eveninir. ford, Pa., about seven miles from the March 25, 1843. the company received Berks station, over the Philadelphia, tt - Rowing communication from the Newtown and New York Railroad. United States Hose, which was accepted- The Old Swedes’ Church at Bridge¬ io the President and Members of the port has celebrated the 13Gth anni¬ Friendship Fire Company: versary of the erection of the church, Gentlemen—At a meting of the United .and for many years past the rector of States Hose Company, held Thursday the church has been the Rev. Dr. A. evening last, the following resolution was A. Marple, a minister of the P. E. adopted and a copy was ordered to be church of Swedish descent. sent to your company: The church, as it stands, with the Resolved, That an invitation be ex¬ exception of the tower and other ad¬ tended to the Friendship Fire Company ditions, was erected in 1760, and im¬ to join with us at their house on the provements of different kinds were morning of the 27th instant and proceed made in 1837. The church is built of with us to the place appointed for the brick and the exterior has a solid formation of parade. coating of light-colored cement. An (Signed) antiquated graveyard surrounds the, JAMES H. DUNLAP, Sec'y. church, filled with monuments and tombstones, and some of them mark At the same meeting Mr. D. F. Fell, the resting places of Revolutionary a former president of the company, in a heroes. very neat address presented to the com¬ It is established as an historic fact pany a beautiful brass trumpet mounted that Washington and “Mad Anthony with silver, which was accepted. A mo¬ Wayne” used to attend regular ser¬ tion was then adopted that the company vices at the Swedes’ Church. tender a vote of thanks to Mr. Feil for his useful present. On the 17th of PRINCE OSCAR’S VISIT. January, 1844, the Commissioners of An event of great interest occurred 1 Northern Liberties passed an ordinance at the church op the 9th of July, 1876, entitled “An ordinance for the regula¬ when a formal visit to the church tion of the Fire Department,” which was made by Prince Oscar of Swe¬ said ordinance received considerable op¬ den, who was here during the Cen¬ position as the following extracts will tennial Exposition. During his visit show. The said ordinance was read at Prince Oscar presented to the church an elaborately wrought baptismal a meeting of the company, held Feb¬ font, made of Swedish marble and ruary 7. 1844. And at a meeting held containing the inscription, “Swedish on March G, 1844, the following resolu¬ Blessings to Swedish Children,” and tion was adopted: j with the font were two silk Swedish v (To be continued). flags, which were festooned over the A chancel. The font still occupies a OLD CHURCH EDIFICES

The Twin Sister of Old Swedes,’ Which Celebrates Its 196th Anniversary.

SOME QUAINT HISTORY

Tlie Most Ancient Protestant Epis¬ copal Building in tlie State—A Visit of Prince Oscar of Swe¬ den and n Gift From Queen Aline. A i st 123

baptismal bowl.f presented in 1S42 by prominent place in front of the chan¬ cel, and the Swedish and American flag's hang over it. , The old Swedes’ Church was dedi¬ cated as Christ Church on the 17th of June, 1769, on which occasion the sermon was preached by the Rev. Charles Magnus Wrangel, the first pastor of the church. The Old Trinity Church at Ox¬ ford, Pa., seven miles from this city, was built in the year 1700, but a church stood there in 1698, and it is, therefore, rather older than the Old Swedish “Gloria Deo” Church, and it is unquestionably the oldest P. E. church in the State of Pennsylvania, but is in a perfect state of preserva¬ tion and has regular services. It is in a secluded spot about one mile from Cheltenham Station. MADE OF IMPOjrte;i> BRICK. The old Oxford Trinity chvrCh is built of red and black brick, broug^* Old Swedes Church, Bridgeport. from England, and the very pretty little church is as perfect to-day as Mrs. Elizabeth P. Fisher, and a fac the day it was finished. A cemetery simile chalice of the Queen Anne pres¬ of about two acres surrounds the ent, the gift of Mr. Harry Ingersoft. church, and some of the tombstones The old Oxford Church possesses a contain the names of illustrious de-, highly-prized relic in the shape of a parted men who lived in the days of very ancient copy of the Bible, of William Penn. Interment took place great size, and which contains the fol¬ in this graveyard as early as 1709, lowing inscription: “The gift of the as some of the tombstones indicate. Society for the Propagation of the Time has entirely effaced the letter¬ Gospel in Foreign Bands to the Trin¬ ing on some of the tombstones. ity Church of Oxford, October G, The old Oxford Church is one story 1740.” in height, and has a gable roof and a There are no records to show the bell tower and small steeple of more precise time when the old Oxford modern construction. On the wall of Church parish was first established, the tower and near the entrance to but there are papers to show that it it is a tablet containing the following antedates the year 1700. __ inscription: “This tablet commemo¬ rates the liberality of Mrs. Mary P. Dardner, to whom this parish is en- debted for t^iis tower and the bell it contains. A. D. 1875." The lady was a member of the family of the late Commodore Dardner, who is buried in the old Oxford churchyard. A considerable sum has been spent on the interior of the old chui-ch, and it now presents quite an attractive appearance. A large and very hand¬ some stained glass window adorns the rear of the chancel, and comfortable pews will seat about 200 people. For more than thirty years the old Oxford Church was under the'pastor- age of the Rev. Dr. Edward Y. Buch¬ anan, a younger brother of James Buchanan, the fifteenth President of the United States. COMPLIMENTS OF QUEEN ANNE. Before Oxford Church, as it stands, was erected the members of the par¬ ish, which dates back before 1700, was shipped in a very primitive build¬ ing which had been given to them by the Quakers, u\>r many years the From, ... church was without floor or pews and had no means of being heated. The church was consecrated in 1713, and received the name, “Church of the Holy Trinity.” About this time Queen Anne made the church - a present of the chalice, consisting of several pieces of solid Bate, ' silver articles, simply bearing the in¬ scription, “Anne Regina.” This chal¬ ice is still kept at the church, and is always used on communion Sundays The only other silver plate belonging to the church is a handsome silver ■HI HE destruction of the old White beast in the city is, therefore, not-re¬ T Horse Inn, which until a few quired by them. weeks ago stood at the corner of Third and Wood streets, As their business consequently de¬ marks almost the final epoch creased, one by one the famous his¬ in the history of the old-fashioned toric old inns of the city have disap¬ hotels which once dotted the city in peared before the ever advancing various directions, lining the highways strides of Improvement, and the fact leading into town from the rural dis¬ that these old-fashioned road houses tricts. In these inns, in the olden have now almost become only a mem¬ times, the farmers who came to mar¬ ory of a by-gone age makes the very ket twice a week and the rural visitors few which still remain bordering the j to the city on pleasure or business outlying highways which lead into bent, took up their temporary resi¬ dence, but the “Farmer’s Hotel,” as town of considerable interest. these road houses were known general¬ On Germantown avenue, near Man- ly, has now in the city proper at least heim street, there are two of these old f long since seen its best day. inns, which have stood for well on to The change in the manners and cus- j one hundred and fifty years, and were toms of our times from those of a gen- j noted resorts at the time of the battle of Germantown. One is known as the j Farmer’s and Mechanic's Hotel, and

COURT YARD OF THE OLD GENERAL WAYNE HOTEL. the other as the General TV ayne. The eration ago has to a great extent done Ip Farmers and Mechanic's has under¬ away with the necessity for these stopping places. Farmers now-a-days gone but few exterior alterations since who reside at a distance from the city the days of its erection. Naturally it ship their produce to market by train, is therefore a quaint and picturesque while the majority of those who still old place, with a high gaudily painted swinging sign in front of the door, adhere to the old-fashioned custom of d£iving to town have their farms in such as were commonly used to mark the location of the public houses one ^qggtynediate vicinity of Philadelphia, ariur o5“*o and come to town in a few hundred years ago. - - f •“resting place for man and ■. '■ 1 j ■PTET''' ' . _ \ ' i \ . ’iik. While the interior of the General After dinner for an hour or so the [ Wayne has been little changed, the rural visitors at the Wayne congregate exterior has been modernized and in the barroom and smoke and chat j made to conform somewhat with the and drink a little beer or whisky be¬ j architectural appearance of modern fore hitching up to drive into the city, times. It is, however, but necessary Certainly no such congregation of to pass into the roomy court yard of farmers weekly gathers anywhere else this old inn to gain an idea of what in Philadelphia. Every subject of in¬ i the hostelry was once like when in its terest to dwellers in the rural districts I prime, at a time when railroads”"were Is brought up for discussion, and the unknown and means of conveyance city man who has never spent an even- from point to poiht about the coun¬ ing at a country store or at some road¬ try was by stage, forty-eight hours by side tavern would be surprised and this means being the usual time from entertained at the conversation. New York. A visit to the General Wayne on Then travelers amd visiting mep market days and the glimpses of the! chants and fanners made the General quaint old-fashioned sights and cus-1 Wayne their home for days and weeks toms which it has to present is apt to and months at a time, and around its set the stranger into a reminiscent old open fireplaces were told these mood and induce him to look up the stories and yarns that were so dear to history of some of the old inns in the hearts of the ancient chroniclers. the heart of the city, a pastime he will no-t find without interest As a road house it was also prominent Jacob Smith, or Uncle, or Jake, as he and was much frequented by the noted ■ was cal ed according to intimacy, was drivers of Philadelphia. A spin from the genual host of an old-time hosteP the heart of the city out Germantown ry in the year 1800, situated on Third .road was never complete unless a stop near Race street. This old inn was jwas made at the Wayne to partake of know to all comers as “King Freder¬ |a cheering draught of ale that the at¬ ick the Second of Prussia,” a cogno¬ tendants knew how to serve so well, men shortened by the coming and go¬ “and toTesUthe nag after the long, tire¬ ing guests to the “King of Prussia ” some pull up Negley’s hill. R was a notable place, this old “King of Prussia, a great resort in its day The manners and customs which for German farmers to congregate on prevail at the General Wayne to-day busmess intent, from Mont|ome?y are In many respects the same which old Berks and still more ancient Bucks county. Jake Smith was popular were practiced there one hundred among those who patronized his house years ago. It Is still a noted farmer’s, and constant appeals were made to hotel, and twice a week, on every! and matters adjudicated by him to the Tuesd-ay and Friday, winter and euro- i mer, the court yard of this old Inn is entire satisfaction of all concerned. crowded with farmers’ teams and There was another and cogent reason wagons, the owners of which have all for his popularity, a reason which ap¬ their lives, and their forefathers be¬ pealed direct to the inner man. Jake fore them, been accustomed to stop knew how to cater to the rural stom¬ ! at the Wayne, water and feed their ach. and gave a generous spread. A live stock, and themselves partake of long box on the bar counter was al-1 1 a good dinner on their way into town. ways filled with Berks county tnadaj The dinner hour at the Wayne has stogies, of great strength and aroma always been mid-day, and no other suited to the taste of Smith’s custo¬ j o’clock would suit its customers. The mers, and his patrons were always old-fashioned custom of announcing welcome, free of charge, to a handful. the noonday meal by the beating of High above the entrance to the bar a gong instead of the ringing of a hung the swinging sign, whereon dinner bell is still kept up at the was portrayed with facile brush and Wayne. Up-to-date city folks who strong coloring the angular features may chance to pass the inn when this , of King Frederick the Great. This old dinner gong is being sounded are at a time-stained sign—it seemed always loss to know how to account for it, old and time-stained—had creaked on and for want of a better explanation its hinges like an animated pendulum are accustomed to put It down as some -to and fro through many a blustering new variety of Are alarm; consequent¬ winter for full a century of time. ly, after it goes off, their curiosity be- J ing aroused, it is no uncommon sight Smith’s sole worry in life was the to see them waiting around for the en¬ sharp competition which the Eagle s gines to arrive, much to the amuse-! tavern and Rotterdam Inn, in the im¬ ment of the farmers, who. thoroughly mediate vicinity of “The King of Prus- i understanding the pleasant meaning sia,” kept up for the custom of the I of the familiar sounds, begin to think rural visitors to the city. The German that they are not such hayseeds after farmers that patronized these houses all. were all good customers. They were a 1 Probably nowhere else in> the city at hardy, hard-working race, bringing I any given time could so many old- farm produce to market winter and : fashioned Conestoga wagons be seen summer, year in and year out, with a as in the court yard of the General regularity that vied with the rising Wayne on market days. This wagon and setting of the sun. was once universally used by farmers, John Hay’s name was emblazoned but has now become almost obsolete; in bold lettering, somewhat dimmed and no wonder, for it is a lumbering’ in its lustre in the year 1795, on the clumsy, almost springless vehicle that swinging signboard of the old Rotten belongs to an age when rough roads dam Inn. John Hay had been proprie¬ and riding were taken as a matter of I tor of this house for years, and it was course. not surprising in that period of demo¬ tury the wagon of the German farmer cratic good fellowship that his cus¬ was a weighty affair. The “large” tomers swore by him, for the “Old farmers frequently made four trips Rotterdam” was a favorite haunt, yearly; eighty miles going and return¬ and old Jack was a genial host, who ing were often passed over in these was wont to give good measure for trips, which were by no means a light good hard-earned dollars. undertaking, as it must be borne in mind the roads at that period were The sidewalks In front of the Rotter- at times heavy and travel tedious. The danm Inn were lined on market days greater number of farmers seldom with farmers’ wagons. Direct from made but a single trip yearly. Pork, these wagons the farmers supplied flax, poultry, butter and eggs were the the wants of housekeepers without in¬ principal articles that made up their tervention of a middle dealer or huck¬ cargo. It required careful packing, as sters. To be sure, shops and small the wagons were springless. dealers were numerous, but they were only patronized by the very poor. The A not unusual custom, to avoid mo¬ proprietors of these small shops were lestation from road agents and the odd characters. There was a shop like. It is to be presumed, was for near the old Rotterdam Inn ini the farmers to travel In company, from year 1800, kept by Nancy Sykes. It five to ten teams making up a caravan. was a typical huckster shop of the They were thus at times able to aid period, and did not differ in its char¬ each other in case of accident. Phila¬ acter from ithei present day cheap delphia had no attractions for the provision stores as seen here and there sturdy, hard-working German farm¬ in Philadelphia. The proprietor early ers. A visit to “town” was made sole-i In her career gained the sobriquet of ly for gain and merely implied a long, “Dirty Nance,” from her untidy habits wearisome journey. The hillside or and surroundings. valley farm home, with its comforts and ample fireplace, its sweet cider A new front was built to the old and apple butter, were more attract¬ Black Horse Inn, on Second street, ive than any sights the city could of¬ near Vine, a few years since, giving fer. this caravansary a modernfled aspect. This old house retained its custom, rep¬ On Second, between Race and Vine resenting the descendants of many streets, stood for many years succeed¬ generations of German farmers, until ing the Revolution an old yellow frame well past the middle of this century. known as the “Camel Tavern.” This When the law was passed In 1870 com¬ house was demolished about twenty j pelling farmers to vacate the sidewalk years since. A signboard with a on Second street, a spacious market disconsolate camel, hardly distin¬ guishable as such, hung in the front I house was erected in the yard of the Black Horse Inn for the accommoda¬ of the house. The signboard was very tion of their customers. There is also infirm and was finally taken down and ample space for wagons and stabling removed to the back yard. The house for horses. was a place of public entertainment for “man and beast” when Zuizer- In the early days of the present cen¬ dorf and the eloquent Whitfield were

I i

— .4 —

THE REGULATION FARMING nORSB SfW. guests of the philanthropic Benezet, l|who resided within a stone’s throw of this ancient tavern.

"Widow Drinkhouse was the hostess of a resting place for man and beast j . at No. 131 North Third street. The old hostelry had an arched passage leading from Race street for vehicles. The German Reformed Church was ] directly opposite this hospitable rest¬ ing place. The recitals on the “Sari- nenburg” organ at this church were attractive and a revelation to the del- ; .I vers of the soil who made this house 'j their resort when In Philadelphia.

The old White Swan Tavern stood where the present “White Swan Hotel’’ ■ now stands, on Race, near Third street. George Yohe was the host in. Mias rot boss 1800. George Yohe was succeeded by Catherine Yohe, his widow. She made * the old tavern celebrated far and. wide An Interesting Chat by a Great- At the southwest corner of Seconc i and Arch streets stands the ole Granodaughter. | “George Inn,” or what is left of it — j This waS a famous house in its day, and kept by Robert Bicknell in 1S00. (The George tavern was the centre for A RUNAWAY QUAKER BRIDE stage coaching. Here passengers came | for tickets for New York and Balti¬ more. The original sign of this house, She Eloped With Her First Hus¬ for many years suspended before the band and Met Her Third When •idoor on Second street, represented a; . , "Jolly Bacchus astride a keg.” He tame to Tell Her the Dy¬

When the old market house on the ing- Words of Number Two.

Wharton property, on Second street, — was erected there were no houses, or very few, south or west of Pine street. True to her ancestry, one of the most This region Was known as Society Hill, interesting of Betsy Ross’ descendants and the market at this point was still carries on her great-grandmother’s known as the Society Hill Market. A trade. She is an upholsteress—and a * ; tavern was opened on Second street, very good one—doing some pieces of work directly opposite the market, about I which it is commonly supposed the men 1744 for the accommodation of farm¬ of the trade must be called in to do. ers attending this market This old She can put in the springs of sofa or house Is still standing, but in a some¬ chair, and will upholster the furniture, what dilapidated condition and no make, slip c-overs or stitch carpets and longer used as a public house. It was superintend their putting down. Per- I known as the "Plow Tavern.” Anotuer haps heredity is accountable for skill old resort for German farmers—the | in handling, the scissors. She is Mrs. house is still in existence—is the“Sorrel Mary Sidney Garrett, and is naturally Horse,” on Fourth, below Vine street. proud of her patriotic ancestor and of The old sign was blown down some her own descent from our first flag- 1 twenty-five years since and never re¬ maker. She supplies some interesting placed. The ceilings of this old hostel- i I ry are low, ana the narrow staircases | details of Betsy Ross’ personal history, and entries indicate considerable an¬ handed down by the family. “We never tiquity. thought so much of the flag-making until the patriotic societies'took the matter Still another old tavern, near the up, because Mrs. Ross’ life was interest¬ "Sorrel Horse,” was the "Tiger,” on ing in many other ways. Nov/ it is made the north side of Vine, below Fourth a subject of national importance, and i street. The house has been modern¬ people begin to talk of flag day.” Mrs. ized, and but little remains of its orig¬ Garrett quite naturally speak's of her inal quaintness, except the old cobble- great-grandmother as Mrs. (not "Betsy”) paved yard and stables.- Fifty years Ross; as the nickname does not seem so since this tavern was kept by David respectful in speaking of an elderly High. Dave was a genial host. j Quaker lady. BETSY BOSS’ PARENTAGE. The "Red Lion Inn,” or tavern, on Betsy was born in t752. Her name the southwest corner of Second and i was Elizabeth, daught :• of Samuel and Noble streets, is a very ancient place. Rebecca (James) Gr-.com. It is said In 1750 it was kept by Sampson Da¬ that she was a granddaughter of Ari- vis. At that time it was some distance I drew Griscom, who brought bricks from from the built-up portion of the city. England over to this country, with which Besides the old hostelries mentioned, j he is reported to have built the “first the German farmers patronized the ] brick house in Philadelphia.” Watson’s "Bull’s Head,” at Sixth and Willow i Annals says that on Second street, at streets, and the "Rising Sun,” at Sec¬ the southwest corner of Lodge alley, ond and Poplar streets. stood D. Gri>'corn’s house of antiquated structure, called in an old almanac ("Leeds,” printed by William Bradford. ' •fr ; ■

New’1 orkV!fTS.?4) “the first-built house oT Ross. Following her husband, Betsy brick erected in Philadelphia.” Ross entered the Anglican Church, be- ! coming a communicant of Christ-Church, A RUNAWAY QUAKER BRIDE. and sharing in its patriotic, as well as The Griscoms were consistent mem¬ its religious life. bers of the Society of Friends, strict enough to forbid f their daughter to en¬ BETSY ROSS AT CHRIST CHURCH. courage the attentions of young John The pew which Betsy Ross occupied Ross, a member of the Church of Eng¬ is No. 12, in the north aisle. It can be land, Quaker discipline was stronger in visited, as the caretaker is always ready those days than it is now, and the Gris¬ to admit visitors to Christ Church. The coms not only turned a deaf ear to pew is marked with a brass plate, stat¬ Betsey’s pleading for her lover, but they ing that it was occupied by the flag- expected their daughter to do the same maker. A small flag is placed in the pil¬ by John Ross. He was one of the lar by this pew, with card attached, an¬ “world’s people” outside of the orthodox nouncing that the flag was placed in pale, and could not be thought of as a position by the “Daughters” of a pa¬ triotic Revolutionary society.

TPIE OLD I

match for Mies Griscom. The matter ended by her running away with John

I 1:

BETSY ROSS' HOUSE. Wlio died in infancy, and rhl’/a, OOTpviveo- Mrs. Ross was celebrated as a fine I rnnry 25, 1783. Eliza was the mother needlewoman. Pier husband was an up- | of Emilia Sillijnan. the mother of. Mrs. > holsterer, and she assisted him in his j Garrett. The Canbys and other de¬ trade. They lived at No. 89 (now No. scendants of Betsy Rose derive throiVgh 239) Arch street, a quaint two-story her third marriage, with John Claypoole. dwelling with long, sloping shingled gar- | The story is highly romantic. vet roof. Here in .Tune, 1777,"came a I Joseph Ashburn (Mrs. Garrett's great¬ committee of Congress, of whom Robert I grandfather) died March 3, 1782. in Mill JV-torris and Colonel Oeorge Ross were j 1 neon, Portsmouth, England. He was ttnembers, accompanied by General Wash- j one of the victims of the Revolutionary ington. They called upon Mrs. Ross I Avar. The story of the capture, im¬ and engaged her to make an American prisonment and death is related in •‘John fiag. They were received in the little Claypoole s Memorandum Book,” a pris- parlor back of the shop, which visitors on journal, preserved by descendants of : may see to-day. The heavy oak floor Betsy ness, and published in the Penn- j of the parlor is still as it was 119 years s> lvama Magazine of Historv and Biog¬ ago. and -as the present occupant has raphy, July, 1892, Volume XVI. thriftily taken up her carnet for the A PRISON JOURNAL. i [summer, it can now be seen to better It appears from this that John Clny- advantage than at other seasons. The P°O;0 sailed from Philadelphia on the open-fire place is tiled, but only the five Pinateer Luzerne, which was captured I smaller tiles, with quaint old designs, are f by an English privateer, and the crew as they were at that time. Modern speci¬ committed to Mill Prison. The pris- mens of tile-making surround these j oners suffered many things in jail, relics. luey were committed for “rebellion, pi- ,- The committee requested Mm. Ross i raey and high treason on his Brittanic to make the flag with thirteen stripes Majesty s high seas,” and were to re- alternately red and white, with thirteen l mam in jail until the King should be Y,rbite stars in a blue field. They brought i graciously pleased to' call their trial. with them a rough drawing. It is said Llaypoole s journal &ays: “It seems itn- that Betsy Ross suggested that the six- j possible to get out of this place without pointed star—Which was the star of Eng¬ • the wretched alternative of entering into lish heraldry—should be changed to a their infernal service, which, however. I five-pointed star, the one used by French. find many are reduced to the necessity [ Dutch and Germans. To illustrate her of doing, rather than stay to spend all suggestion Mrs. Ross folded some paper, ! their ‘youthful’ days in this hateful . and with a single clip of her shears pro- confinement. There is about 300 of j ducod a perfect five-pointed star. Ac¬ i ns here, and the number is daily in- cordingly the flag was redrawn by Gen¬ i creasing. The provision we get here eral Washington in pencii in the back is three-quarters of a pound of beef and parlor. The arrangement of the stars, a pound of coarse bread per day, which, regulated by the War Department, is however small, we make shift to live on i now in parallel lines; it was originally with the assistance of six pence a week '■ in a circle. The flag thus designed which we are eupplyd with from our ;was formally adopted by Congress June i 14. 1777. own country.” Joseph Ashburn, 'Betsy Roes’ second husband, was brought to Betsy Ross’ house is now occupied as the prison shortly after Claypoole (July, a tobacconist’s shop. An attendant re¬ 17S1). He died there March 3, ’82, ceives visitors, shows them the oak-floor¬ “after an illness of about a week, which ed parlor, and invites them to sign a he bore with amazing fortitude and res¬ register. The windows have old-fash¬ ignation.” Claypoole says he retained ioned, heavy sashes, numerous small “his sences” till the last moment of his panes of glass and substantial shutters life. ‘joined” with hand-made nails and hing¬ The story is told that Ashburn in ed with hand-made screws. At present the house is occupied by Mrs. Mi ml prison talked often of his wife with John Claypoole, and that he sent dying fare¬ It is said that Betsy‘Ross made flags well messages to Betsy, which Clay¬ for the American fleet in the Delaware poole undertook to deliver in case he River, and that she then received a con¬ escaped from captivity. tract to make all the Government flags, Lord Cornwallis surrendered October and held it for many years. One of 19. 1781, The news was smuggled into I her daughters, Mrs. Clarissa Wilson, suc- Mill Prison in a newspaper baked in a , f; needed to the business, making flags for loaf of bread! Claypoole whs finally arsenal and navy yard, until, beinjj a taken on board the Symmetry, with 21G ; Friend, she began to have conscientious prisoners, to be exchanged on reaching scruples on the subject of war, and gave American waters. A mutiny broke out “‘j up this branch of the business, coutinu- among the prisoners because they were ; j ing to manufacture flags for the mer¬ kept on two-thirds allowance of pro¬ chant marine. vision, and, hearing there was plenty THE SECOND MARRIAGE. on board, the captives insisted on having John Ross died very young. His it augmented to the full allowance. On 0 widow dwelt in the Arch street house, the way over they were “chased by the i I carrying on the business. There is 0 , General Washington,” a ship that came 1 tradition that she embroidered ruffles for up and spoke them. Shortly after his General Washington’s shirts. Betsy return Claypoole married Betsy Ross, Ross was married three times. Her May 8, 3.783. M second husband was Joseph Ashburn. A CHANGE OF VENUE. K They were married June 15, 1777. They had two children (there were none by John and Elizabeth Claypoole lived at the Ross marriage)—Zillah, born 1779, 239 Arch street for three years after their marriage. They then removed to Second street, near Dock, and afterward to Front street. The (Jlaypooles^ef-o] the parents of five daughters. Harriet,1 or tiie ’ early families, the youngest, died early, hut Clarissa, ways has its pathetic and pictures...— busannah, Rachel and Jane all mar-1 aspects. In n'o part of the city has the ned. work of the modern home-builder effect¬ Mrs. Garrett preserves lively recollec¬ ed within the past few years greater tions of the sufferings of Ashbum and I changes than In.-the highland district of Uaypoole in captivity. Claypoole’s health I Southwest Philadelphia, embracing the was so undermined that he was subject broad triangle bounded by Walnut street, for twenty years to paralysis of the! Woodland avenue and the Central Di¬ lianas, r or 3 score of years her cr6£it~ vision of the Pennsylvania Railroad, for¬ grandmother washed and dressed her huV merly called the “West Chester Rail band daily. In this respect he was as road,” all of which is within the limits helpless as a child. After his morning1 of the Twenty-seventh WTard. Along todet was complete Claypoole would the northern margin of this ward, o: cross the street and go to Philip Gar-1 which Market street is the boundary rett, silversmith, to have his Watch this activity is now manifested, as the wound for him.” Philip Garrett's estab¬ swift trolley has brought this formerly’!, lishment was on Market street, the south neglected territory within a brief ride of 1 S1(lt'v between. Fourth and Fifth streets the City Hall. John Claypoole died in 1817, aged 65 years. He was buried in the Free Quak- Baltimore avenue, springing from c.r faunal (jround. Betsy Griscom-Ross- Woodland avenue at Thirty-ninth street, Ashcium-Cliiypoole died January 30, cuts by a series of tangents athwart the Icob, aged 84 years. She was buried inj district, and all of the streets to the southeast of this ancient outlet have a the same gfound as her husband, but I slant 'of their own, the numbered streets some years ago the family caused their! running to the northeast and the ave¬ bodies to be removed to Mount Moriah i nues toward the southwest. The deep Cemetery, where they now rest. ravine of Mill Creek, beyond Forty-sec¬ BETSY ROSS’ GRAVE. ond street, is rapidly becoming a thing of Betsy Ross’/tomb is about a quarter the past, and across it, upon Chester, of a mile from the entrance gate, follow¬ Springfield and other beautiful avenues, ing the drive by the left-hand wall. The from Forty-fifth to-Fiftieth streets, has been built the most uniformly attractive kej?'t25e momV1?ent' guides one to the spot. The road is shaded with spruce and suburb which Philadelphia can boast. maple, larches and white birch trees, The brick-maker with his time-worn the lot is railed in by iron chain, repre¬ sheds has gone beyond Cobb’s Creek and senting cord, and tassels draped between now the trucker, with his acres of hot¬ houses, is preparing to follow. the martde posts. A tail flag-staff stands! ' by the tomb; on it is a somewha Baltimore, Chester and Woodland ave¬ tered flag. The grave is thick nues are “trolleyed” and repaved. Many geraniums and sweet country lanes still thread the outer por¬ tions of this neighborhood,1’among them

OLD AND NEW AT FORTY-NINTH AND MARKET STREETS.

Growth of the City in the 2jth Ward

HE spread of the city’s actual borders outward across the open lands of the suburbs, absorbing' in the process the remnants of many fine old estates, once the the Marshall Road, "wfiich dips across Cobb’s Creek valley. Old Rabbit Lane, /jFernwctod and Holy Cross cemeteries. Til which is found at-. Fifty-third and Wal¬ A ceeping with the fine streets and houses nut streets, and Gray’s Lane, near An- ; ill about there is to be, according to ru- I Bora. Along- these and a multitude of : nor, a modern ’’Cherry Tree" and the unchartered byways may be found nu¬ f pld affair, sacred to the memory of ward merous solid told mansions, embowered 1 primaries, elections and old-fashioned among thickets of uncared-for shrub¬ good cheer, is going the way of all vani¬ bery and rich in all of the neglected ties. While the ancient yellow clap¬ qualities which' make them attractive to boards of the Cherry Tree doubtless hide the water-color sleetcher. Plenty of tnany a bygone tradition, it is creditable | these relics may be found within half an and worthy of menti'on that we are not hour’s ride by trolley from the hssured, with a collateral display of old I Chestnut or Walnut street stuuios. chairs and high post bedsteads, that | The Saturday afternoon coterie of (the father of his country ever stopped the Sketch Club has long since lo- !here, even during a shower, or that La¬ | cated many of them. Then, in the fayette shed a tear upon its porch in 1 valleys drained by the rivulets flowing into Cobb’s Creek, there are dense bits of .1834. j woodland where old spring-houses and j forgotten bridges proclaim bygone rural Nearly opposite the little yellow inn is i activities. All of the big and little roads the dignified old Twaddell place, still through this soctibn are pleasant for the home of Dr. L. H. Twaddell. Its ! cycling. Fifty-eighth street has been was Downng aiun I appearance has always seemed to me |

CHERRY TREE INN, j beautifully surfaced between Woodland j avenue and Angora, and within a month more Virginian than any other about the | | or so Sixtieth street, from Baltimore city, and the idea has been enforced by : avenue to Haverford Road, has been ad- the frequent appearance of its owner, | ded to the list tof good roads, making .a often with his daughter, both excellent riders, up'on mettlesome horses, coming pleasant short cut much needed in this! vicinity. down the private lane. A part of the old homestead was built in or about 1761 by a Swedish merchant named Peter Jona- The dreadful cobble pavements, in¬ son, and in 1705 the present fine old flicted upon a patient public a quarter ! house was erected by John De la Roche, century ago, still exist in small patches a wealthy Frenchman who patterned out Walnut and Chestnut streets among the building after a chateau of his fa- the fields, operating in conjunction with i therland. It came into the possession of the former want of gotod car service to the Twaddell family in 1817. Already a retard a most attractive region in its de¬ part of the farm has been covered with velopment. Probably the prettiest pro¬ buildings, including the site of the studio file of the city’s roofs and spires pen¬ long occupied by Harry Ptoore, the well- ciled in gray against the morning sky, known painter of animal life, which was | to be found anywhere in the suburbs, j removed only last year. Miss Twaddell '' greets the eye frtom the hill top at Forty- still has the studio in the field behind ninth and Walnut streets. Among the the house. This will doubtless soon go. latest victims of the ‘‘improver’’ is the little “Cherry Tree" Hotel at Forty-sixth Around about the spacious grounds street, which, from time beyond which and club house of the Belmont Cricket the memory of man runneth not to the Club at Forty-ninth Street Station, the j contrary, has been a consolation to the old-time houses are still in evidence and thirsty hackmen and mourners home-i the members have so long contemplated !ward bound on the perilous surface of them from the cosy sun parlor of the this old (but now excellent) road to club-house on winter Sunday afternoons that they will sincerely regret their dis¬ appearance from the line of the horizon tune old Harper place Is across Chester ■’V■ 132

avenue, a squalid mockery of its-one¬ time dignity.

Greenway

THE OLD HARPER PLACE, FIFTY-SECOND AND CHESTER AVENUE.

are graded to threatening proximity with a group of quaint old domiciles near Fifty-second street. These are called An Historic Barn Burned. the “Beehive," “Scranton” and other A two-and-a-half-story stone barn, on the odd names by the denizens. One or more line of Sprague street, near Dorset, German¬ are partly formed of hewn logs. Between town, was destroyed by fire yesterday, Indian red, whitewash and plenty of a little before noon. It was occupied as greenery they are highly picturesque. a storage place for hay by Benjamin Dim- miek, a dairyman, living in tire neighbor¬ Bight here, close by the golfers’ drive hood, and this, with the barn, was all con¬ from the club-house, is the little Leech sumed. The origin of the fire is unknown. family cemetery, one of the very first of The burned structure was of little value in¬ t.he private burial spots around the city. trinsically, as it was in a greatly dilapidated It was founded by William Young near¬ condition, but it had some interest of a his¬ ly or quite two centuries ago and its oc¬ toric nature. It was built long before the cupants are ancestors of the Young, Revolution, and during that period was fre¬ Leech and Hoffman families. Notwith¬ quently used by both the Continental and 1 standing the decree under which this the British soldiers as a stable for their quiet spot was. dedicated, forbidding ‘its horses. Close beside the barn is an ancient sale forever, its present neglected condi¬ house, and both were used after the battle of tion suggests that but a faint contest Germantown as a temporary hospital for would be waged by descendants against wounded British privates. its eventual effacement. Destroyed an Historic Barn- f j \ FRANK H. TAYLOR. Revolutionary memories clung about ah ancient two and a half-story stone barn, on the line of Sprague street, near Dorset, Ger¬ mantown, which was destroyed by fire shortly before noon yesterday. The old barn was built before the Revolution, and during that period was often used by both the Continental j From, and British soldiers. Near the barn is an an-! cient house, and both were used after the battle of Germantown as a temporary hospital for wounded British privates. „ j/

Date, : ■ v-' 133

Library Company removed from its iitfTnr- ing, on Fifth street, below Chestnut, an effort was made to secure that building hv THE APPRENTICES’ LIBRARY ASSOCIA¬ i the Apprentices’ Library Association, but it was unable to procure sufficient contribu¬ TION TO REMOVE TO BROAD STREET. tions to make the purchase. It has for some time been apparent that the changes in the character of the section, Purchase of the Spring Garden Unitarian which have been quite marked in roccnt Church, at Broad and Brandywine years, have decreased the usefulness of the 1 Streets. library, and that a change of location was ’ demanded. The opportunity which has been accepted in the purchase of fhe church prop¬ The Spring Garden Unitarian Church, at a erty places tlie library in a convenient spot to meeting of the congregation on Tuesday, reach a very large residential district, and i | evening, unanimously accepted an offer from near, also,' to large manufacturing establish¬ the Apprentices’ Library Association for the ments employing many of t.heciass for which church property at tlie southeast corner of the library was first established. ! Broad and Brandywine streets. { The Library Association has never since its Up to the year 1811 the use of the library was confined to boys only. In that year a organization owned any real estate, It lias separate department was formed for girls, for many years been domiciled in the build- and for more than forty years the two de¬ 'ingon the southwest corner of Fifth and partments were conducted separately. The j Arch streets, in miliar to the last two genera- j tions, the property of the Society of Free two libraries were, in 1882, consolidated on the first floor, and the second floor was used Quakers. Until a comparatively recent as a reading room, to both of which boys and period it was the only strictly free library in girls had access. the city, and was the first to give an oppor- | tunity to poor boys to read books at no cost. At. the present time the library comprises The association was organized in 1820 for only 16,009 books, which are kept in active he purpose of establishing a library for the j service, over 80.000 volumes being given out use of apprentices and other young persons, i last, year. The policy of the managers of the without charge of any kind for the use of 1 association has been to establish an Intimate books. It wars first opened in a second-story relation between the bonks and readers, and room on tlio south side of Chestnut street, to accomplish tills the books are, in a nieas- above Third,and contained about 1500 'nooks, ! lire, taken to the readers. A branch library was established in West [Philadelphia last, year at the reading rooms

SPRING GARDEN UNITARIAN CHURCH.

of the Third Christian Church on Aspen | nearly all of which had been presented to street, near Lancaster avenue, and arrange¬ i the managers. It was afterwards moved to ments are now being made, to place a small Carpenters’ Hall, thence to J 'yno street, collection of books in each of nine Western below Seventh, then to the old Mint build- Union Telegraph stations in the city, the :ing, on Seventh street, above Market, and greatest care is exercised by the managers m (finally, in 1841, to its present location, whore the selection of the books, and this fact is the use of tlie upper room was given rent recognized by many school teachers, who free for many years. In .1868 the entire build¬ send"to the library for supplies of books ing was secured at a low rental for a period which they can in confidence give to their of 25 years. In 1879, when the Philadelphia

► . pupils. Reading clubs and church reading and upToTour years ago he stood as straight rooms are supplied with hooks at stated in¬ as an arrow, and was as agile as a college tervals, and efforts are being made to em- athlete. Three years ago he was compelled j brace ail opportunities for extending the use¬ to give up his loved vocation on account of fulness of the library. a severe attack of rheumatism, brought on j The association will not get possession of by exposure, the result of an accident In its new property until January next, when which he uarrowly escaped with his life. alterations will be made in it to adapt it to He undertook during a heavy storm, to the purposes of the library. The price paid board at sea the English steamer Camden is understood to be S.51,000. Of this amount about four miles south of the Delaware tiie association had about $12,000 in its build¬ capes. The wind was blowing a lively gale, ing fund, which has been the accumulation and the rope which held the ladder to the of years, and expects to procure the re¬ side of the steamer slipped, precipitating mainder of the purchase money and enough him into the sea. It was with great difficulty additional to make necessary changes from that he was rescued from his perilous posi¬ the friends of (ho library. For (tie present, tion in the water, and he never seemed to only needed changes will be made In the in¬ fully recover from the shock. terior. It is hoped, however, that a sufficient Pilot Schellenger was born in a house on amount ot money may be obtained to make Catharine street, above Front, September 22, more radical improvements and largely in¬ ISIS, and for the past fifty odd years he crease the usefulness ot the library. has occupied the old mansion at 120 Qfieen The association lias had seven Presidents, street. His whole life has been crowded all men of note in the annals of the city'. with stirring scenes, and not a few thrilling They it ere Horace Kinney, John Sergeant adventures. At the time of his birth,General Henry Troth, Townsend Sharploss, James j! Jackson was at the head of an armed expe¬ Barclay, Joseph H. Collins and Charles Rob¬ dition sent out by the government to wage erts, the last named being now in office. war against the Seminole Indians, who had Tho church society will continue to occupy | ravaged the white settlements in Georgia. the building for tho present, and expects to I When a young man he was a factor in aiding build another edifice, the site ?or which has i nyLa.nl been chosen. the war with Mexico, and later witnessed the great struggle between the North and the South. When at the age of 21 he had finished his six years’ apprenticeship and received his li- j cense as a pilot, steamboats were as scarce as the horseless carriage is now. The tele¬ From,.• ) graph and submarine cable were unknown, and electric lights and telephones had not been thought of. Although the channel from Philadelphia to the Delaware capes was just as shifty and treacherous then as now—the government had not dredged away so many bars or placed so many lights and buoys to Date make the work of the pilot safe as well as | easy—yet Pilot Schellenger has a most en¬ viable record of never having run a vessel aground. He not only knows the lights,buoys, courses and distances by night as well as by day, but his knowledge of the exact depth OLDEST PILOT of water, at both high and low tide, over al¬ most every foot of the surface of the river and bay has enabled him to take large ves¬ sels to sea in the densest of fogs, when the IN PHILADELPHIA direction of the channel could only be ob¬ tained by constant sounding of the lead line. Pilot Schellenger comes of a race of navi-l L. D SCHELLENGER’S LIFE HAS BEEN gators, his father and grandfather having' CROWDED WITH STIRRING SCENES. been sea captains. His father was for many I years, and until his death in August, 1854, a captain in the steady employ of the Pbila-j delphia and Havre de Grace Steam Towj HIS SERVICES DURING THE WAR P>oat Company. It has fallen to the lot ofj Pilot Schellenger to take to sea some of the largest and finest vessels ever built in Phila-j He Superintended the Building of the City delphia. He was in charge of both the Iceboats—His Three Brothers Were Lost steamships Pennsylvania and the Ohio on their trial trips* and when a few years ago at Sea—During His Half Century in the the Cramps built a man-of-war for the Rus¬ Service He Met With But One Accident. sian Government. Schellenger was the pilot! selected to take the vessel to sea. The. cruiser steamed out of the bay flying the The oldest pilot in Philadelphia, a swell stars and stripes, and when five leagues east as one of the oldest in the world. Is Pilot of the Delaware capes, on the high seas, the Lester D. Shellenger, of 120 Queen street. American flag was hauled down and the great For more than a half a century Pilot Schel- yellow flag of Russia, with its two crowned lenger has been actively engaged in guiding eagles, was run up instead, and the vessel both sail and steam craft of all kinds formally handed over to the Russian com-j through the tortuous channel of the Dela¬ ruander. ware river and bay between Philadelphia With the exception of eight years, during and the Delaware capes. Nearly four score which Pilot Schellenger was captain of the years have whitened the locks of Pilot Schel- steamers Robert Morris and the Jefferson, lenger; yet his clear blue eyes are as quick engaged in towing canal boats from Phila- and far-seeing as any of the younger pilots, J delpEia to Havre de Grace and up the Sus- I quehanna in the lumber and iron trade he his few customers, who were nearly all Eng¬ Jhas■always been actively engaged as a Penn- lish weavers from the mills on Crum and jn conducting vessels to and Darby creeks. It was a measured mile from ftom Philadelphia and the Delaware capes, the Woodland gates, and there was not more tor twenty years during the earlier part of than one other house in that distance. his career as a pilot, aud when the commerce One cold, dreary afternoon in December, of the port was not so great as now. he was 1852, the writer walked to the city from captain during the winter months of the Kollyville and stopped at the Cherry Tree | city ice boats, and in summer resumed his , vocation as pilot on the river and bay to warm up. Behind the stove sat a short man with a huge head, crowned by a shock I brst io®-boat -owned by the city was of long red hair—a very sinister-looking cus¬ i °u'l,t °f wood in 1835, and twenty years tomer. Stott and several of his friends had later Pilot Schellenger became her captain collected iu oue corner and seemed to be' ^S^6Hntended the buildi“g at Cramps’ frightened. At this time two brothers named yard of the present city ice-boats No. 1 and fekuspinski had been recently hanged for the I No. 2, which were the first iron ice-boats the murder of a peddler named Leaman, but the city owned, and afterwards for many years principal assassin, named Gurowski, escaped .and was beyond doubt sitting in the Cherry | was captain successively of city ice-boats Tree on this cold December night. Isos 1, 2 and 3. Some of the trustees of city Stott had recognized him from the accu¬ ice-boat No. 1 were John Welsh. Ex-Minis rate description sent out by the police, and j ter to England; Edward C. Knight, William he urged Dan Holt, a tall, powerful, one- j S. Giaub and John Deyerill, the latter be armed teamster, to arrest the man and get mg president of the board. the reward. Dan walked over and made a grab for the man who sprang up with a howl During the war of the Rebellion, Pilot like a wild beast, and snapped a pistol full | Schellenger was selected to pilot one of the in the face of Dan, who started back and fell [/our boats taken by the government for the over the table. This saved his life, for the 1 ? * General Burnside at Fortress Monroe next instant a bullet flew over his head and j ater was captain of the steamer Robert buried itself in the window frame The assassin then left the house. About three Morris,when she towed a fleet of five schoon¬ miles away he stopped a farmer and robbed ers from Annapolis to Fortress Monroe with him of his money, and from that moment has provisions water and hospital accommoda- never been heard of. I tions to aid the Federal army after the steam When Cobb creek was crossed drinkin" railroads had been torn up. m places were very few. There was not one oS ! With the exception noted Pilot Schellenger the Baltimore pike until one got to the Black Horse, a mile beyond Media. The last | has never met with an accident and has of the old taverns was kept about two miles 'i ?^er been sick in bed but twice in his life. this side of Media by a wealthy Quaker When -8 years of age he contracted small- named Gibbons, and here was given a gill ! pox on board a Boston packet bark, and of whisky, measured in a wooden noggin for six cents. This place was closed in 1850’ It l wb®n years °1

of 1‘ecent date, buf lias been agitated- for flammable arid The flames spread rapidly. a number of years,until finally the project I The ’ house No. 4001 Haverford street is to be realized. It was the same with j also caught fire, but was speedily extin¬ our forefathers, as to the erection of guished. Mrs. L. Clark, an occupant, this building, requiring many years’ dis- ' fainted and was carried out of the build¬ cussion and consideration before the an-i ing by Fireman William McDonald. No. cient first church was removed, and a new one built, which again in its turn is 4003 Haverford street,was occupied by to be superseded. And now, with devout A. Martin. Mrs. Mart in'was sick in bed, gratitude to G-od for the blessings, pro¬ and an ambulance had to be summoned, tection and care, which He has manifest- j which conveyed her to the Presbyterian ed to us for many years, and with sin- ■ j Hospital. It is feared the shock of the cere and earnest prayer that He willl j hurried removal may result fatally. The deign to continue this loving kindness in the future, and guard and build and j burned structure was- occupied ' by A. bless our new house, we close our ser¬ White & Sons, dealers in flour and feed; vices here.” E. J. Ranch, grocer, and Henry J. Hill, In the evening Vespers were held and furniture and storage. The loss was short addresses were made by Rev. Dr. ■■ about $15,000. W. Ashmead Shaefer, Rev. Dr. George t The old Droveyard Hotel was a famous ,,F. Spieker, Rev. Dr. H. E. Jacobs, and Rev. J. L. Sibole. A special programme hostelry years ago, and was built in the of music was arranged for both services, ! forties. Stock and cattlemen made it the evening closing with the singing of , their headquarters until 18GS, when it “Nunc Dirnittis.” was used as a school for ten years, under A feature of the morning services was the name of the Mantua Public School. the presence in the church of Mrs. Mary The Kerns estate has been in litigation Heilig, widow of the late Jacob Heilig. She is over SO years of age, and as a for several years, or else the building young girl was present at the consecra¬ would have been torn down and a new tion of the present church, on November one erected. 21, 1S19. St. Michael’s Church is one of the oldest churches in or near Philadelphia, the first building- having been erected J in 1730, and consecrated in 1737. It is thought, however, that religious ser- s ' vices were held at this place by Ger- ‘ | hard I-Ienkel as early as 1726. The first regular pastor of the new church was John Dylnuder, who probably remained . until 1741. After he was dismissed sev- ' oral of the Philadelphia pastors had charge, among them being Henry M. ■ Muhlenberg, so well known as the patri- 1 arch of Lutheranism in the United * j States. During the time when the Eritish held 1 Germantown, the pastor of the church was compelled to leavei and the soldiers destroyed the organ of the church and plundered the parsonage,, but the build¬ ings were not Injured. The church was a NEW EDIFICE TO BE BUILT. German one for a century, the services ! and all the records being in that lan- Farewell Services Held in Old St. I guage. In 1S45 the German services * Michael's Lutheran Church. ceased and the German-speaking portion > of the congregation removed to a small Farewell services, were held all day church at Herman and Morton Streets, . yesterday in old St. Michael’s Lutheran known as St. Thomas’, where German ‘ Church, Main and Church Streets, Ger¬ is still used. mantown. The church is the cradle of Some of the principal pastors in the ' Lutheranism in that section, and from it second church have been Revs. Benjamin Keller. Dr. John W. Richards, S. M. all the other Lutheran churches in the Sc’nmucker, the well-known Dr. Charles .: ] vicinity have sprung. W. Schaefer, who was pastor for over In the morning the pastor, Rev. S. A. twenty-five years; F. A. Kaehler, John Ziegenfuss, preached an appropriate ser¬ P. Deck and Paul G-. Klinglor. The pres¬ mon, from Psalm cxxvii, 1: “Except the ent pastor, Rev. S. A. Ziegenfuss, as- Loid build the house, they labor in vain suraed the pastorate in January, 1S92. -M that build it." During the rebuilding the congregation will worship in the Sunday School Build¬ ■' #ld ln Part: “This text is the key- ing, a modern structure erected in 1S86 note ot success in every undertaking, for, at a cost of $10,000. The new church 1 whatever strength and skill is exerted building- will occupy the same site as ’■ u Je.iovah is not with you, your efforts the old one, but will be. larger, hav¬ Br,1ve failures. In the Providence of ing a seating- capacity for 600. It will | God, the time has again come when cost, it is thought, between $30,000 and this congregation should erect a new and $40,000, a large portion of which is al- -| . L“,8‘?r Bo“se tor the Lord, and we have ready subscribed. The membership of L° do so- All things are now the church is about 400, and of the Sun , I o-morrow the organ will be day school about 300. taken down and removed to the chapel: furniture will be also taken there, and the venerable old temple will be torn down. It is fitting that this clay should !',mS1J:n-aHzec} ^y farewell services, in this old spiritual Home of ours, where, for almost seventy-seven years, Divine ser- B/^CrfSi !lave-been held. Many pleasant messed memories are associated f'1 ,, w.6 building, and not a few will recall the sacred offices' rendered to them were, the propriety and necessity of a new and larger building is. not a matter 137 I * QUESTIONS THAT ABE OLD anything?" “ lhat constitutes the value of itsevaljfere?ableneaS °f z tioned^to’" thfe price of a thinS Propor- financial problems discussed by THE REV. JOHN ANDREWS.

same?1"6 and prioe are not- then, the

A Remarkable Copy of His “ Compend j somIat1hin^ndrPri'ce are not the same. For of Moral Philosophy Written < be° appropriated SJ& Ont by Dr. John H. Hobart When He Was Fifteen Years Old—The Work Now the Property of Dr. G. I •»;%?'““0,>v'0” E. Potter of Newark, N. J., Who Cot It from a Patient. any Inconveniences? „barcer UloM with The financial questions of to-day were I mei-^bcolitr-n^ “° other sort of corn¬ matters of interest more than a cent¬ ed with Sf-Ia?- of ba,1:t?r must be attend- X might w^nt t ‘^^'ties. For example, ury ago. This is established in the pa o sS! a ‘'ling of small value, as a ft that 1 ran 'iSi0nS WhiCh His work, published in manuscript, with IneceYsart c?"trivances, therefore, become the binding of home-made character, the lences?” Prevent these inconveni- backing being newspapers, and the outer Ttrifh °r managing commerce, therefore cover wallpaper, and bearing date 1790, idvthin k6' ,and in order t0 Preserve equaf- 'has been placed at the service of The 'tracts bnylSg and selllnS and other con- New-1 ouk Times by Allen Durand, assist¬ some ’so, t CEr necessary to contrive soit of standard goods, universallv ant cashier of the State Bank, in Grand desired and valued, which every man might Street. The owner of the interesting holo¬ be Wi ling to take in exchange for whl graph is Dr. G. E. Potter, Newark, N. J, sells- because by them he might wo- ar^h.atever he wants to buy” P It came into his possession as a fee from a What are the properties that must noo needy patient, who -was a bibliomaniac. eS^J^ t0 these standard goods? ” Interest attaches to the work because it Tnese standard goods must be of °rpat was apparently copied by John H. Ho- ^ythM8S.t“S ^fso^ih6™ bart,_wh°, born at Philadelphia, Penn., any’ small plns."^16 °f beins' dlvlded ini° in 1775, was a descendant of men who fig¬ ured in the Colonial history or New-England found’ .7/hat S°ods are these properties and whose works did much for the vigorous and rapid growth of the Episcopal Church -®tais^f %?; mVr was ish in Queen Anne County, Md„ because of metal, though sufficiently heavy mav be sufficiently pure, and fetYYeonfJ ” b his loyalistic sentiments, and later on was judges of the purity of metal " P °Ple are Principal of the Philadelphia Episcopal of Yetehingbf”ef0re’ WaS introduced instead Academy. Afterward he was Principal and Mice Provost and Provost in the Uni¬ intr^duc’ed^^hereof01^1^11!^6^111??6^’ was versity of Pennsylvania. at sight, and the puritv al erted hk„n°^n Theiwork owned by Dr. Potter has this stamp; which none has a rtht , ~y the title PEge, written in a schoolboy hand: the publick and the sovereign t0„ a55x but publiclc authority. He therelw' ■££} lg by terfeits the legal Min is gun'tv .f C2?nC treason, because he usurps one of pL hlgh Compend rogatives of sovereignty mA 1 tile pr®- of copper money is, however bv fch°.UI!ten'elt ■a„Uu T~> Moral Philosophy By the Rev. John Andrews, Professor of England not high treason fho’ it ^ °f Rh 'tonck and Belles Lettres in Jhe College punishable trespass. The reason fc’n be a and Academy of Philadelphia. 1 S the true, ancient, and legal cni-n'nf J?ecause John H.s Hobart. i was either gold or silvY -£* EnSland 1790. ' i money was not known in Engla^cT’MnP?hr time of Charles Ilnd., and when first J ,the duced nobody was obliged to take it^ffi payments that exceeded the'"sum of six¬ pence. In the United States there is hither- : to no legal coin. But when we had a paper | currency it was death to counterfeit.” “ What proportion should the value of stamped coin bear to the value of the same weight of unstamped metal or bullion?” ” A coin stamped and the same weight of unstamped metal or bullion ought to be as nearly as possible of the same value, the expense of coining being but a trifle.” “ For what reasons? ” “ If coin bears a higher value than bull¬ ion would bear; if a guinea, for example, were ordered to pass in Great Britain far 25s., other nations would not take their gold coin except with a loss to them of 4s. in 25s.; and any subject of Great Britain would be a gainer in the same proportion, by carry¬ ing his goods to foreign markets, where he would receive coin of more intrinsic value. On the contrary, if the bullion -were more valuable than the coin, if in Great Britain a crown piece, for example, sold by weight, would fetch more than 5s., people would be tempted to melt down the coin and sell it as metal or to carry it abroad and dispose of it there, and the more money there was in circulation the more would Government be a loser.” “ Does the value of money bear any rela¬ tion to the pCent” or scarcity of it?” " Money is more or less valuable as It is less or more plentiful. Since South Amer¬ ica was discovered, more than £1,000,000,000 have been exported, in gold and silver, from that country into Europe. The consequence is that their money has been continually, and, indeed, rapidly sinking in its value. That which is now bought there for 20s. would not have cost 20d. three centuries ago. This means not that the things have become dearer, but that money has become cheaper. For a man’s labour or his food was as valuable then as it is now. The. neces¬ saries of life, tho’ their price is not al¬ ways the same, have at all times nearly the same value. Some difference may, indeed, happen in the time of plenty or scarcity, but those are not considerable in a compu¬ tation that includes a number of years, and seasons of uncommon plenty or uncommon scarcity are not frequent. Upon the prin¬ ciple now laid down, we may form a con¬ jecture concerning the value of ancient money. If, for example, an ordinary ox were sold in Great Britain 300 years ago for 5s., and if such an ox is now sold there for £5, we infer not with certainty, but with a great degree of probability, that a shilling at that time must have been equal in value to one of their pounds at this day, as the intrinsick value of the ox, whether used for food or for labour, must have been jilways nearly the same. And if at Rome, in the time of Augustus, an ox were sold for a certain number of ses- tercies, we may by an easy arithmetical operation form a conjecture concerning the value of a sesterce of that time in our pres¬ ent money.” “ In what point of view are notes or banlt bills that pass for money to be consid¬ ered? ” 1 “ Notes or bank bills that pass for money are to be considered as personal securities upon the proprietors of the bank or the trading companies that issue them for the payment of certain sums in gold or silver. The value that the company receives for the note when issued they oblige themselves to give for it when it is returned upon them; and in nations where stamped leather or paper is used for money these things, being of no value in themselves, must be sup¬ posed to derive what value they have from a contract whereby the publick obliges itsfif to give for them what it receives.” “ Where gold and silv.-i cannot be had what hinders but that iut,avy might be made of the baser metals? ” “ Money made of the baser metals must be bulky in proportion to the cheapness of1 the metal, Lycurgus, in order to abolish commerce in Sparta, made a law that all the current money should be of iron, which, in that country, was very cheap. Hence the Lacedemonian coin was so unwieldly that nobody cared to have anything to do with it, and the little commerce they had walj in the way of barter.” ent fails to reveal the exact one—was Brown born. Here he lived and wrote and here he died. His life illus¬ trates once again the fickleness of fame; to-day famous, to-morrow unknown. Bom in Philadelphia, living here in an active lifetime of almost two score years, and dying here, with descendants occupying positions of prominence in the social and business life of the city, his name has almost passed from the mem¬ ory of men. Only to the student is his life and work familiar. And save for that student, so far as present-day fame is concerned, he may as well never have - loved and struggled. He was christen¬ Somewhere under the sod of ^tfre old ed while yet the present century was Quaker burying- ground at 'Fourth and young the "Broken Hearted,” and it is Arch Streets, whose history is concur¬ a curiously pathetic fact that the au¬ rent with that of Penn’s landing on the thor who called him thus, George Lip- shores of Pennsylvania, lies the remains pard, himself died of broken heartedness. Across the sea, in England, his works of a man whose name in the long ago are still faintly popular; to-day in Amer¬ I was as well known as that of Franklin. ica, and more particularly in Philadel¬ Somewhere under the sod he lies, for no phia, but two of his romances are found monument points out the spot where on the library shelves, and these copies rests the bones of Charles Brockden jure fingered and worn only because they Brown, America’s first professional man are of an edition of half a century ago, and have answered the demands through of letters; not even is there a mound all those years. True, an edition of some '■ of earth to mark the place. Long ago of his works was issued in this city a jthe stone tumbled down and even the jfew years ago. grave was hidden from sight by a cover¬ BROWN’S BIRTH AND BOYHOOD. ing of earth thrown over it by the dig¬ | Pive years before the Liberty Bell gers of an adjacent cellar. Yet the man tolled the nation’s birth. Brown first saw' sleeping in such forgetfulness and neg¬ the light, in this city, which he so much lect here was the author to whom loved. His ancestors came to the New’ Shelley confessed obligation for the in¬ ;| World with Penn, and from the same spiration he gave a,nd whose influence ship they landed on the shores of the can be traced by the discerning in the Delaware. They w’ere God-fearing, in¬ dustrious Quakers, fired with a deter¬ poet’s "Zastrozzi,” and "St. Irvyne," the mination to make for themselves a new writer after whom Scott named the hero home in the New World, where they of "Guy Mannering” and whose crea- i might be free from the persecution of tlon, "Arthur Marvyn,” figures also in the old. The middle name, Brockden, was that romance, and the genius of whom derived from an uncle of whom Franklin Hawthorne said: "Fielding, Richardson makes honorable mention, who over¬ and Scott occupied pedestals. In a niche hearing conspirators’ secret conversation fled for his life to these shores, and was deposited the bust of our country¬ rose to prominence, for over sixty years man, the author of Arthur Marvyn.” being Recorder of Deeds and Master In one of the three time-stained gabled ! of the Rolls of the city. Young Brown's brick buildings standing at the north- [ parents, pious and respected Friends, in¬ west corner of Eleventh and Sansom I stilled into him their own simplicity of manner and benevolence of sentiment ■

f r 140

His first ten years were spent under the maternal roof in study, and at the end of the decade, it is related that he tive participation in a law society and had a. surprising knowledge of architec¬ a belles-lettres club. ture and of geography. The eleventh year sees him entered in the Classical LAW AND LITERATURE. Scholl of Robert Proud, the author of When the time came to lay aside the! the "History of Pennsylvania,” and dur¬ text-books of law and to enter into its I ing his five years of attendance he made active practice, he became averse to con¬ rapid progress in the classics and in the tinuing in the profession. Letters were best English models. So intense was his passion, and to them he determined the application that his health was im¬ paired. But his mental vigor was un¬ to devote his life. His mind ran in the diminished. paths of romantic and visionary specula¬ Upon the advice of his preceptor the tion, and though friends advised and boy made long rambles into the country, pleaded, they could not induce him to the closely built-up sections of the North alter his determination. The trial was and Northwest of the present day, and a severe one, and under it his spirits learned, as Washington Irving similarly did, much that afterward shone in his sunk, and his health became impaired. But his will never wavered. With pierce- R writings. Writing, indeed, was dear to him at a very early age. He wrote es¬ ing irony, Lippard said, in a sketch of j says and verse, and in the next few Brown’s life, “He became an author. years manifested his mentality by in- I Yes, a miserable penster, a scribbler, a venting a system of shorthand. When fellow who spills ink for bread! For a career like this he forsook the bril¬ his worldly 1 esponsibilities began to press upon him he made ready for the legal liant prospects of the bar. Yes, he sat I profession, entering the office of Alexan¬ himself down in the prime of his young j der Wilcox, a distinguished member of manhood to make his bread by his pen. the bar. His enthusiasm for law and At that time the ccw with seven horns, literature showed themselves in his ae- ![■/•! or the calf with two heads and five legs, L exhibited in some mountebank’s show, ; I , was_not half so rare a curiosity as an

THE PART WHERE BROWN IS THOUGHT TO LIE. * ■* i , 1

, m. • if t 1 . y American author,” returned to this city after a short ab¬ Brown himself said: “As for me, I have sence, but the impressions that he re¬ long, ago discovered that nature has not ceived in the Metropolis were so pleas- qualified me for an actor on this stage. ant that he soon made a second visit, j The nature of my education only added The greater part of the interval of six to these disqualifications.” His active years, during which he was absent from career as an author began in 1798; from Philadelphia, was spent in New York iri LJ-, when he closed his legal studies, this second visit. His circle of acquaint¬ ances widened, w’hile it deepened. The

CHARLES BROCKDEN BROWN.

the incidents of his life are few, the in¬ company pleased himTand as tneir-tast‘S dulgence of his literary and scientific were literary, as were his own, he be¬ came deeply attached to New York life. tastes occupying his time. Hoping, how¬ Most of his friends wTere members of ever. at the same time to dissipate from the famed “Friendly Club,” and Brown his mind the gloom and misery contain¬ became a. member _of the organisation ed therein, he traveled for a time, and too. His journal is full of pleasant al¬ finally reached New York city. A friend lusions to the club and its genial mem¬ awaited him, Dr. Elihu H. Smith, with bership. whom he had pursued his legal studies in Philadelphia. Smith widened the circle RELIGIOUS POLEMICS. of Brown’s acquaintances and thereby In the intellectual world this period let a little sunshine into his soul. He r“Twp:',

■ was one of violent excitation. Accepted publication, in the editor’s address to theories in religion and societ3' Were cast the public he says: “In an age like this, j aside and most extravagant vagaries when the foundations of religion and [ substituted; the foundations of society morality have been so boldly attacked, j trembled. Into this turmoil Brown it peems necessary, in announceing a naturally plunged, and so the Fall of work of this nature, to be particularly 1707 finds him busy with the book that explicit as to the path which the editor marks his beginning as an author. It means to pursue. He, therefore, avows was a work entitled "Alouin; a Dialogue himself to be, without equivocation or on the Rights of Women.” The doctrine reserve, the ardent friend and willing has been condemned as unsound, but champion of the Christian religion. the speculation was elegant and in¬ Everything that savors of indelicacy or genious, and the style original and im¬ licentiousness will be rigorously pro¬ pressive. His first published magazine scribed. His poetical pieces may be dull, article was entitled the “Rhapscdist,” but they shall at least be free from and it appeared in the “Columbian Maga¬ zine” of August, 1789. It was continued voluptuousness or sensuousness, and his through several numbers. About the < prose, whether seconded or not by genius j same period he wrote a small novel in and knowledge, shall scrupulously aim at ; the shape of a series of letters, which, the promotion of public and private vir- ; though never published, are important tue. He will conclude by reminding the as being the first of a series of romances public that there is not at the present : in the same style over which America any other monthly publication in Ameri- j and Europe shuddered. His journal has | ca.” this entry apropos to it: “I commenced Tljis paper was printed by John Con¬ something in the form of a romance. I rad, a famous old-time publisher. The i had at first no definite conception’ of contents of it were keyed in the | my design. As my pen proceeded for¬ same strain as those of the : ward my invention was tasked, and the “Portfolio," which constitutes with materials that it afforded were arranged "Graham’s” the two most famous and digested. * * * Every new attempt of the early Philadelphia maga- i will be better than the last and con¬ zines. Wadsworth was roundly abused, sidered in the light of a prelude or first Milton was criticised and “literary re-j task, it may merit that praise to which semblances were drawn.” In 1806 ap-j it may possess no claim, considered as peared a vivid picture of Philadelphia! a best creation.” There were six works as it appeared in the days of the awful east in the lines of this romance, and plague of yellow fever in 1797, embodied his fame rests upon them. They were in a poem entitled “Philadelphisb—An! entitled “Wieland,” “Ormond,” “Arthur Elegy.” Mervyn,” “Edgar Huntley,” “Clara How¬ The series of novels which won for ard,” “Jane Talbot.” From April, 1799, Brown at the time that he lived and until the Autumn of 1800 he conducted wrote a reputation, which it was in New York the “Monthly Magazine and thought time could never dim non | American Review.” It was almost >he I efface, was written with startling rapidJ entire production of his own pen, as ity. The material had been a long time) the “Spectator’ was of Addison’s, and it in the gathering, from his boyhood to) abounds with curious though learned es¬ his manhood, as he roamed about Phila-i says and ' speculations, interesting tales , delphia and saw her, the imperial city/ and manly criticism. A great variety of I of the new continent, the Athens of | essays and fugitive pieces in prose and America, as she was then called, and \ verse from his pen appeared in con¬ again as she appeared when the awfulj temporary magazines. In the close of plague had stricken her, when her citi-J .] the Autumn of the year of 1800 he re¬ zens had deserted their homes, and all; moved to this, his native city. His friend was a veritable pesthouse.* “Wieland,”! Smith had died a victim„...of the awful the most powerful of them all, was the! plague, and Brown was heavy-hearted! first of the series. It appeared in 1798.) It was a gruesome story of a monstrous PAMPHLETS AND MAGAZINES. crime, instigated through the agency of Brown made his debut as a political ventriloquism. Thousands read the:, writer in 1803. His pamphlets were orig¬ book, breathless almost, and shuddering1 inal, sag-acious and thorough, and they and horrified. Poe afterward worked in' indicate both a depth and breadth of the same field, but with superior genius knowledge, and are bold and penetrat¬ became famous. At the time that ing. Those whose worth are appreciated Brown wrote, his contemporaries rev- [ even to the present day are on “The eled in these tales of horror and 1 Cession of Louisiana t oFrance.” “The terror. It was the age of Lewis’ “Tales Treaty with England Rejected by Mr. of Terror,” of Walpole’s “Castle of Jefferson” and “Commerical Restric¬ Otranto,” of Beckford's "Vathek,” of i tions.” In the first he called1 attention Mrs. RadclifCe's “Mysteries of Udolphe” to the importance of securing Louisiana and of Mrs. Shelley’s “Frankenstein.” as one of the sisterhood of States. In It was the reactionary period to the pre¬ the second he rose above party fanati¬ ceding pessimism. "Ormond, or the cism, but his declarations were pervaded Secret Witness,” appeared in 1799. by a decorous spirit, and in the last THE YELLOW FEVER EPIDEMIC. he vented his disapproval of embargoes and restrictions. The same year brought forth “Arthur Pure literature his passion, he now' Mervyn,” another powerful romance, made his support.^CncI on uctober Lm>, abounding with weird pen pictures of i there appeared the first, numbei of c the pestilence of yellow fever. In the | Literary Magazine and American Reg¬ preface Brown says: “The evils of pestilence, by which this city has lately ister,” published in Philadelphia, out been afflicted, will probably form an era bearing the title of the prior New York in its history. The trials of fortitude had never known him, never heard of | and constancy, which took place in this him. never read any of his works. It | city in the Autumn of 1793, have perhaps was in the month of November—our In¬ never been exceeded in any age. It is dian Summer—when the air is full of but just to snatch some of these from 1 smoke. Passing a window one day, I oblivion, and deliver to posterity a brief was caught by the sight of a man with but faithful sketch of the condition of a remarkable physiognomy, writing at this metropolis during the calamitous a table in a dark room. The sun shone ; period. Men only require to be made ac¬ direct upon his head. The dead leaves quainted with distress for their com¬ were falling then—it was Charles Brock- passion and charity to be awakened.” den Brown.” '‘Edgar Huntley” was published in 1801. ITe was buried in the old Quaker bury¬ It described the adventures of a som¬ ing ground, which dates back to the days nambulist in the mountain fastnesses of J of Penn, at Fourth and Arch Streets. W estern Pennsylvania. “Clara Howard” His grave was marked by but a simple and Jane Talbot” were concurrent. In | little stone, and even this in later years England, a little previous to this time was effaced. For when the Merchants’ W Ilham Godwin, the poet Shelley’s fathl Hotel, on Fourth Sticet, opposite to the er-in-law, had produced “Caleb Wil¬ cemetery, was built, the earth from the liams” and “Falkland.” These, prob¬ ! cellar was carried across the street ably, were the inspiration of Brown’s ! and spread over the graves. To-day, if works, and certainly the influence o' you should look through the rusted iron these two books can be traced in the j grate door, on Fourth Street, you will seiies. So that when Shelley confessed j see no trace of grave or stone. Both that Brown’s novels had influenced hin j were leveled and then buried over. beyond all others, he pays tribute to th Of the obscure ground in which the themes of horror which, originating i remains of America’s first man of let¬ England, passed over the Atlantic an. ters were laid Lippard 'writing in 1848 through the pen of a Philadelphia novel said: “The time has come when the ist, and then returned again in ne authors of America, the men who view literary form to Shelley. with pride the growth of a national liter¬ In November, 1804, Brown was mar¬ ature, should go to the Quaker grave¬ ried to Miss Elizabeth Linn, of New yard, and bear the bones of Charles York, and the union proved to be a • Brockden Brown to that Laurel Hill happy one. In 1806 he began a new which he loved in his boyhood; yes, let magazine with the title “The American the remains of the martyr author sleep Register. its lease of life was but beneath the shadow of some dark pine three years. It was the first work of the whose evergreen boughs, swaying to the kind ever attempted, contained abstracts Winter winds, bend over the rugged cliff of laws and public proceedings, reviews, and sweep the waters of the river American and foreign state papers and Schuylkill as it rolls on amid its hilly other data. It is an admirable history of shores, like an image of the rest which the years 1806 to 1809, when it ceased awaits the blessed in a better world. publication. Other productions of his Then a solitary column of white marble, pen at this time was a system of gen¬ rising like a form of snow amid the eral geography, and a work on Rome green boughs, shall record the neglect during the Antonines. By this time dis¬ and woe and glory of the author’s life ease had ravaged his frame so seriously in a single name, Charles Brockden that he was compelled to desist from his Brown.” In 1857 and 1887 efforts wrere literary labors. In the Summer of 1809 | made to revive interest in Bj^wn and he left liis Home tor a brief visit to friends his works, but the undeserved oblivion in New York and in New Jersey. His into which his works had fallen- could mental and physical condition is shown not be removed. in a letter of the period. He says: “When F have I known that lightness and vivac¬ ity of mind which the divine flow of health, even in calamity, produces in some men? Never, scarcely never. Not j longer than a half hour at a time since j I called myself man.” An ocean voyage was projected for the Spring of 1810. But fate decreed otherwise. On November 10, 1809, Brown was attacked with violent pains In his side, was bled and confined to his cham¬ ber. By the middle of February of the succeeding year, he had sunk so low that his family believed that the end was about to come. They gathered about the bedside and he bade them all a fare¬ well, but he lingered for two days, until February 22, when death relieved his suffering. This was in the old house at Eleventh and Sansom Street, at that time called George Street, and described m the directory for 1810 as Eleventh Street, near George Street.” SULLY’S IMPRESSION. It was here that the great portrait painter Suliy saw him. Sully says, “I • saw him a little Jeefore his death. If. '■ t Active preparations aro being made for the forthcoming centennial celebration of St. Bishop Henry Gabriels,of Ogdensburg, N.Y. Augustine’s Roman Catholic Church, Fourth It is expected that many representatives of street below Vine, and a number of lmpor- [ the Jesuit and Lazarist Orders will also be in taut improvements are in progress in the in- j attendance. The Rev. F. X McGowan. O. K terior of the sacred edifice. A magni- A of St. Patrick’s Church, Cambridge, N. cent marble altar, a gift from a y’! is at present in this city, actively en¬ lady, is being erected, and new stained glass gaged in preparing a comprehensive history windows, the gifts of parishioners, are being putin place. The celling 1# being retouched. ol the parish. There will be a small cupola over the sanctu¬ The First Steps Taken. ary, and at its base there will be very beauti¬ It was on August 27, 1790, the vigil of the ful frescoing, representing the blessed sacra¬ Feast of St. Augustine, that a general con¬ ment adored by-angels. There is to be a gregation of the Augustinian Order, held at new sanctuary rail of brass, the upper part Rome, authorized Fathers Matthew Carr, of being of’onyx, and new pews of oak. The Dublin Convent, and John Rosscter, of New cost of the altar will be 31000, and the total Ross Convent, to establish houses of the cost of the improvements between 312,000 and Order in the United StaLes for both hermits 315.000. and nuns. A petition to that effect having The programme of the celebration, which been addressed to the Father General, b e- will begin on September 6 and continue for phen Augustine Bellesini, by Father Philip three days, is not yet complete. Among Crane, of the Irish Augustinian Convent at those present will be Cardinal Gibbons, Arch¬ Rome, the authority thus granted led to the bishop Ryan, Bishop Burke, of Albany, and erection of St. Augustine’s Church. Fathers a,n? F°sscter, wb6 were at that time In attract general altenuffft was held in the I Fnlladelphia, had been welcomed to the church. On Sunday, May 27, 1821, Bishop L nlted States by Bishop John Carroll, and had Conwell announced from St. Augustine’s 1 selected this city as the field of their mis¬ altar the exeoniiminieation of Rev. William sionary labors. Bishop-elect Leonard Neale Hogan. Father Carr died in 1820 and was coadjutor to Bishop Carroll, earnestly sec¬ buried in the vault in the rear of the church. onded the recjuest of the AuguMinlans. The The death of Father Rosseter took place in instrument of 1796 authorized Father Carr to 1812 at St. Thomas’s Manor, an old Jesuit establish a province of his Order in Philadei- mission in Maryland, and he was buried | phia, under the title, “Province of OutrLady ; there— ?°d ?°u“s,e1’” after tbac a iamous shrine of the Blessed Virgin in Italy, and he v,At Father Carr’s death Dr. Hurley became t'laATa,?e1de?Uperior ofaU Augustlnians in Rector. The Augustlnians had been incor- the united States. porated in 1804, and the parish included all Fathers Carr and Rosseter were the first of the city north of Arch street and extend- Augustlnians known to have come to the Rhcenlxvllle. The city suffered in the Purpose of perma- 1S32 from the ravages of the cholera, and Dr. ently residing here. The former came from Hurley had all the furniture, books, etc., bt. Augustine’s priory, in Dublin, in 1795. removed from the school and convent, and He was a nati ve of Ireland, and was educated converted them into hospitals for the recep- ia Jbe 8t“d5--b°use of the Order in France, c-10.'! victims of the disease. In 1833 father Rosseter was an officer in Rocham- Father Nicholas O’Donnell, assistant to Dr. beau’s army during the Revolution, and re- Hurley, assumed the editorship of the rira'll05 &Fra™e after the W31'. entered the Catholic Herald, the pioneer of Catholic Phil¬ Order. V hen the authority was granted by adelphia newspapers, and remained In the general congregation, Father Carr was Ciiarge until 1839. located at St. Joseph’s, with care also of St Puri.?ydied .May 14, 1837, and the Rev. T) ary»«*’ aDd Father Rosseter was at Coffee Nicholas O Donnell became pastor, remain- Run Mission, in Delaware. On July 11 1795 In* .Charge until 1839- when be was suc¬ Father Carr purchased on Fourth" street a ceeded by the Rev. Patrick Eugene Moriarty, lot, ,0 by 17o leet, from Jonathan Meredith 1). D. In 183b the census of the parish showed and wife for a yearly ground rent of $340. a membership of 3002 persons. The Rev Other purchases having been made, the site Passidius O’Dwyer became rector early in for the, proposed church -was secured On June 11, of the same year, subscription Native American Riots tb,„* ""’ere opened, and among the contribu¬ On Wednesday, May 8, 1844, during the tions were Thomas Fitzsimmons, $500-@om- Native American riots, the church, convent modore Barry, $150; George Washington, S50 school and library were burned by the mob and Stephen Girard, $40. ’ The total damage to the church property was The Corner-stone Laid estimated at $85, 627.75. All the works of art The corner-stone of the church was laid in collected by Father Carr and his successors ^eptember, 1,96, on which occasion General together with nearly all the church books’ M asbington and Governor Thomas McKean were lost. Among the articles saved were are said to have been present. Father Carr the original list of subscribers, a diagram of the pews, together with a list of those hold- unds “and T* dMCUlt raise ing them; the financial accounts from the hnndi’nJ d five years elaPsed before the last o. October until January-1, 1ST' and a t he T completed. Notwithstanding complete record of baptisms, confirmations the good-wiH shown Father Carr by persons and marriagei. w“s of all creeds, he was compelled to petition . — ' ' -,,n 1M4, the congregation of lottery,lotted fhthenaenr eta °commonPerm!thIm means t0 establl8bof raising a bt. Augustine’s worshiped at St. Joseph’s funds. The building was in the Rnm™ and on that date a chapel erected in honor o'f style, 125 by 60 feet, 49 feet to the eaves with Our Lady of Consolation, the material of the burned building having been used In its con¬ builder If* in.hei=hb The architect builder and superintendent was Michael struction, was dedicated. Suit was brought whose father-in-law, John Walsh a against the city, and after tedious delays a wealthy lumber merchant, gave nearly alt verdict was returned in the court of Nisi the lumber used in the construction. 1 Pnus’ 0Q November 29, 1846, for $47,433.87. i ne altar and chancel were located at the An effort was at once made to raise funds for west end of the structure, and the pewt the erection of the new church, and Bishop were built in rows with three aisles. j Kenrlck laid the corner-stone, May 23 1847 On Juno 7, 1801, the edifice was blessed and j The new edifice provided for was of the style dedicated n honor of St. Augustine, the first of the Roman Palladian School, surmounted church dedicated in his honor in the United by a dome 165 feet In height. The sanctuaiy |ta e* fbd the fourth church erected In in the west end of the building was In a rec- Philadetphia,^ St, Joseph’s having been es¬ 1 reu*S8’ 18 by 25 feet- ornamented tablished In 1732. St. Marv’s in 1763 and Holv t WJ , Corinthian columns, the whole forming I a triumphal arch. The churoh was opened ‘V780- Filther Carr left sT. "oSe?h’s in 1810 and took up his residence in the house on Christmas Day, 1847, and Mass was sung by Bishop Kenrick, who consecrated it on Sunday, November 5. The total cost was about $70,000. Father O'Dwyer died May 24, 1850. and the Carr received into the chuT-ch the first Phfia- Rev. P E. Moriarty, D. D.. returned, serv¬ delphian to become a Roman Catholic in the es until 1855, when the Rev. Patrick A nineteenth century. He was a negro slavfe Stantoiy became rector. In 1862 the Rev named Caesar Ducombe. In 1308 Dr. Michael ,°*“ne assumed charge, and served until his death in 1871. p.a^ber Carr’s assistant, baptized Petei Albright, who subsequently took such The Present Rector. fsn' Part in burni1^ church. In ismhe RIV; Peter Crnne served from 1871 until 1890, and is now at St. Mary’s Church Law- Ind In i8^fe.haSrS,fartCd in Crown street, and m 1820 _the first musical celebration to I rence, Mass. The present rector, the Rev. Nuiholas J. Murphy, who took charge in I j c'al°fthPAugustinianOrder,residesatSt. Augustine’s parochialhouse. A. Jones. Dailey, J.P.Gilmore,D.SullivanandW. The assistantpriestsaretheRevs.E.A. 1886 hewenttoSchaghtiooke,~N.Y..where January, 1878,bewasremovedtoLawrence, Good Counsel.InAugust,1890,hewas when hewasrecalledtoSt.Augustine’s.In Mass., wherehelaboreduntilMarch,188o[ was atSt.Augustine’s,inthiscity,and ordained inTroy,N.Y.,December22,1877, placed inchargeofSt.Augustine’sChurch. he completedtheChurchofOurLady phy andphysiologyoffiveyears,hewas and, aftercompletingthecourseofphilosol by BishopDeGoesbriand.Hisfirstmission Augustine. Attheexpirationoffouryears and conformedhislifetotherulesofSt. he enteredthenovitiateofAugustinians, lege in1868,wherehereceivedhiseducation of 9years,andwassenttoVillaNovaCol¬ confirmed byCardinalMcClfcskeyattheage John’s, butnowtheCathedral.Hewas city, IntheparishformerlyknownasoldSt. 1890, wasbornInJune,iboo.inNewYork ; fPMonumentCemetery progresses ' urf'nfthTu-„1t!t.erat5on^and generalfixing , withinitsboundscharactei 's test! 1 mainsRestinMonumentCent- ; EccentricCharactersWhoseRe- mtm The Rfw.JamesD.Waldron,ex-Provln- historic lSnieft °ftheman>’forgotten v.hom thecity ofthedeadispeopled. whom thedit CUrl0lls Personageswith V HENMONUMENTCEMETERvWAS Well-Known PersonagesandSome A RAMBLEAMONGGRAVES An EarlyBuryingGroundWhich nf Jet.tc‘dayItisnear theheart heroes andB1?em*a-n3ofwell-known I a desUrv°e?nfd,Withbuilding onall THE 1STCEMETERY tilf herUltSf0\lnderslittlethought Was Nota“Churchyard.” eterj-A TombWhichWas at th-citywouldbesoextendedas Once UtilizedbyRobbers constantly brought tolight * skirtsofthecity. i dayfiguredveryprominentlyinthe In passingthroughthecfefnete of aboutnineteenacres,thencalled number ofthose\yhohave seems tohemanymorethant almost Intheheartofcity. er, andMonumentCemeteryIs ground intoabout4000lots.S ing- acemeteryintheextreme1 tom ofchurchyardburialbyestabl of departingfromtheuniversalc usual foresightheconceivedthe monument. With—atthattime—un¬ remains restbeneathahandsome the cemetery,diedin1853andhl3 history. events whichhavenowbecomelocal carried theirplunderoffinacove robbery onChestnutstreetbetwee; about 1847,thereoccurredabigsi farm ononeside.Shortlyafter Old Turner’slane,whichbounded by theincessanthammerof Sydney place,andtherelaidout Second andThirdstreets.Thethie Sable family,whobuiltavault dence. der init.-Oneofthe-gangwasca Sable vaultandsecretedtheirpi where theyraisedtheslabover wagon anddroveuptoTurner’sla covering allthatisleftofAnna lei S.Stellwagon,whodistingutshe a monumenterectedtoCaptainDa tured laterandturnedState’s colored stewardretookthebrig after threedays’imprisonmenthe a swordandvoteofthanksfro himself inthewarwithGreatBr after thisquietspotwasinvai the countrywhichreceivesmoredev first prisonersofwar. arrived safelyinport.Theprize possession oftheweaponshisca the beginningofwarhewasca the CongressofUnitedStates, tain, in1813,andwaspresented known throughoutthecivilwar mound intheheartofcemet ted attentionthandoestheli put IntheoldArchstreetjailas ter andseventyEnglishseamenwe tors andwiththeassistanceof tured bytheBritishschooner,Pa of Arthur’sMagazine. the “Soldiers’Friend.” Ross, ^volunteernurseandwho writers, andtheeditorpublis of themostwidelyknowntemperan T. S.Arthur,whowasinhisday spot Inthecemeteryliesbody native Americans. of manythebloodyriots’44, eigners inKensington,at a meeting of 19years,wasthefirst victim reign ofterror.GeorgeShifler, ab< all ofPhiladelphiawasinalaw! Shifter servestorecalltheml who wasmurderedin’68 byherson the riots,andwasmurdered by in-law, who was afterwardsente satlonal caseisthatofMary A.HI' John A.Elkinton,theprojectorOf He accordinglypurchaseda One ofthefirstlotownerswas In onecornerofthecemetery Perhaps thereisnoothergrave Under amodeststoneinseclud The monumenterectedtoGeo Another headstonerecalling a A HERO’SMONUMENT. 147

to oe hanged. Just before the day wissahickon. a section of the city set for his execution, however, he widely known in name,' but little fa¬ was visited by some one who conveyed miliar to the majority of the residents into his mouth by means of a kiss bf our city. It was originally a part some poison wrapped in tinfoil. He pf Roxborough which then embraced was found dead on the morning set the three distinct places now known for his execution. as Manayunk, Roxborough and 'Wissa¬ THEIR ECCENTRICITIES. hickon. Monument Cemetery is fully sup¬ Originally that section of the city i plied with its quota of eccentric char¬ was Roxborough Township, and was acters' that were. Two of the best- founded by Montgomery county on known of these were George Mundy, the northwest, Germantown on the who died in 1866, and Dr. J. Sappel, hortheast, North Penn Township on who died some years later. George the southeast, and by the Schuylkill Mundy was one of the first who en¬ pn the west. In point of area it tertained Populistic doctrines. He poverecl about five and a half thou¬ went about on the street corners and sand acres of land, including some in the market places preaching tem¬ 3f the most romantic and picturesque perance and peace and good will. He scenery in the State of Pennsylvania. never, even in the most bitter weather, But of late years this township has wore a hat, following, as he alway* gradually become subdivided, till at said, the example of Christ. In the the present time what is generally fiercest snow storms he plodded his regarded as Roxborough is that sec¬ way through the drifts with the snow tion of country lying along the Ridge ! beating mercilessly down on his un¬ between the creek and the river and i protected and partially bald head. running clear to Barren Hill, a strip The other character, Dr. J. Sappel, five miles in length and varying from was known all over the city. Sev¬ a mile to two miles in width. eral years before his death he had his THE FIRST PATENTEES. vault made. In it he had construct¬ Penn or some of his commissioners ed two windows, while the vault was granted the original township in elev¬ furnished througjropt with oil-cloth, en tracts of land to twelve persons, pictures, a table and two chairs. Fol¬ the first patentees being Richard and lowing "lause in hia will,two loaves of Robert Vicaris (after whom a street Dread and two bottles of wine were is now named), Robert Turner, Philip Tnatewn *5? t?ble after hls death. Talman (also known as Philip Th' Just before his death he said speak¬ Lehman). John Jennett, Richard Snee, er?^ rls faithful housekeeper: Charles Jones, Jonas Smith, Charles ttB thrr^f .us wil1 so°n be dead, and Hartford, Samuel Bennett, James sU*atItheB1that one,window and she‘11 Claypoole and Francis Fincher, none | peaceful- “d Df whom are ever thought to have resided in the place. These patentees let out the land to other purchasers as a speculation. Of the sub-divisions of Roxborough township Wissahickon has grown to be one of the most important, and |\bout it clings a history which has attracted the pen of a number of able waiters. Properly speaking it is Ihe Some of the Things Which scfiuthern end of Roxborough, lying sojuth of Shut's lane, between the Have Made It Famous Schuylkill and the Wissahickon, and expending to School lane. in History. Although comparatively little is known of the earlier settlers of the pHace, some of them must have found 'tlieir way out there earlier than ITS OLD-TIME BUILDINGS 3/690. the date of the erection of the paper mill some distance from the right bank of the Wissahickon Creek But Fen of These Quaint Structures at Rittenhouse lane by Samuel Rit¬ tenhouse, one of the first permanent I Still Standing-—Values of Early occupiers of the land. This paper Settlers Which Have Been mill was the first ever built in Ameri¬ Handed Down to the ca. It stood on a creek emptying into Present Generation. the Wissahickon about a mile from its mouth. It was built by William and Claus (or Nicholas) Rittenhouse, one member of the firm being Wil¬ IWISSAHICKON ABOUNDING IN His¬ liam Bradford, whb introduced the torical interest and now one of the pleasantest resident sections of the first printing press into the middle city possesses very few of the quaint colonies. ] old structures for which it was fam- THE MILLS HAVE DISAPPEARED ous a century ago. One of thes~ buildings which still stands, however, But this mill and all those built by is the place m which the noted As¬ their descendants along thee Wissa¬ tronomer Rittenhouse was born. hickon are either in ruins or com¬ pletely razed since the Fairmount In the northwestern extremity of j Park Commission took possession of this city, between the Wissahickon the land. Another member of that il¬ Creek and the Schuylkill River, lies | lustrious family whose name sheds a the historic and picturesque suburb of ' lustre upon the place of his birth, then Roxborough, near the old "mill. WHERE DAVID KITTEN HO I SIS THE ASTRONOMER WAS BORN,

as David Rittenhouse, LL. D., the] street, opposite the quarry. The j astronomer, so conspicuous a-t the | property on which it stands and that of the transit of Venus on June 'adjoining- was purchased by the Fair-! 69. The house in which he was mount Park Commission several -fashioned looking plas- years ago, and it was intended to still stands raze this building along with all others; tittenhouse on the property to the ground, but! 149

-lch S storm if iii37gharion stroyed by fire about 1831, the sup¬ iseci by i RittenlHms'p Associ&j- posed work of incendiaries. The laie ij that this was allowed 'to stand. Lewis Cregar and John Sheets! were ;i_lt is iu a state of good repair and both interested in these enterprises. The' lower dam of the creek is be¬ \vill shortly be fitted up by the Rit- lieved to have been built to supply tenhouse Association as Rittenhouse water through a forebay running un¬ | Museum. der Ridge avenue to the sawmill and ,.' : SOME OLD FAMILIES. the nailmill.now the “Old Fish House,” Others among' the first settlers of j at the very coiner of the creek and j Roxborough were the Robesons, Haul- J river. Of all these mills the latter is j gates. Woods, Crooks, Leverings and ; the only .one now standing. Righters. Descendants of the last two MIXED GLASS WITH FLOUR. mentioned and of the Rittenhouse Directly adjoining it was the Min-r families still live on the lands owned ster residence, now famous as River- by their ancestors. But most of these I side Mansion. Stories are told in this families are now well scattered over locality of a mill on the top of a; the country and the old land tracts knoll on the Schuylkill’s hanks where have been cut up and sold to ready Tory employes ground glass with the purchasers. The name of the Robeson flour supply for the American army. family is perpetuated in the famous And many still recall the little house Robeson’s Hill, (not Robinson's Hill, occupying the top of this knoll, where as generally called), a steep incline, a lived “Ezekiel Williams and his ox¬ half mile long, extending from the cart, a-shoutin’ Gee up, there, Johnty junction of Main street and Ridge Robeson's oxen.' ” In 1698 the Jen- avenue, Wissahickon, up the latter nett tract was bought by the Haul- thoroughfare to Hermit’s lane, which gates, who erected a fulling mill, one last named lane carries with it the of the first In Pennsylvania, along the strange story of “The Hermits of the Wissahickon Creek, a short distance Wissahickon.” The history of these, below “Peggy” Conrad’s lane, as it mystics in a separate story in itself. was afterwards called, after an old The Robesons built a large substantial teacher in the Levering School, Rox- stone grist mill on the lower side of the borough. creek, probably prior to the laying out To-day Wissahickon includes about of the old roadway of Ridge turnpike, one-third the population of the Twen¬ now Ridge avenue. It was operated by ty-first ward and has hundreds of water power1 for many years, the thriving little business houses, a num¬ water being carried from the upper ber of prosperous churches and is., a dam above the Reading Railroad [(favorite residential section, owing to bridge by means of a forebay whose its beautiful scenery and surroundings location is still marked by a line of and its proximity to railroad and trol¬ w'llows. As late as 1861 the old ley centres. _ vJhHI mill was run. but was afterwards tni'nja/3 into a vam SDinnintr mill own- ed by John an(j james Doh .. extensive manufacturers 'a inn tv '

millCwas destro'ye^’hy fire^n’’ 180^ TO A HISTORY. but was rebuilt AfterwArrtJ Memori s of tha Pennsylva¬ feSjasSS nia Hospital’s Old North of the romantic Wissahlclmn Yatley6 Building. HIGH BRIDGE MANSION About this time the mill was" torn befell the WAS BOUT 128 YEARS AGO. l 0,7 cottage, remembered or o\ er a century as standing on the lower side of the Ridge near the British Soldiers Ead Wounds Dressed There and in Recent Years About 5000 Victims of Accidents sp.ydpssBl Were Treated Annually. in many ways. Notwithstandingre- cent improvements many old-time memories attach themselvec, tn quaint-looking old mansion purchased by James Dobson iniSu Clustering about the old “North Build¬ when it was transformed into a mo e ing,” or receiving ward, of the Penn¬ modern dwelling. in this industHoil sylvania Hospital, which is shortly to comer of the world viz at thp -inn/-, be razed to make way for the new re¬ tlon of the Wissahickon '' and' the' Schuylkill, were located the old mil! ceiving ward and clinic, are many his¬ for grinding wood and the Wissahkk- torical incidents, some of them dating °n sawmill, both of which were de¬ back to the time when the United States were in its infancy. The antique black - TEW ** Y i ■ 150 <&K-‘

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RECEIVING WARD OF1 THE PENNSYLVANIA HOSPITAL, WHICH IS TO EE TORN DOWN SOON. poses. In recent years the old white walls of \ and red brick walls, arranged as was the building have seen countless scenes the fashion more than a century ago, of pain and suffering. On an average themselves give an idea of extreme age, j about 5000 victims annually of acci¬ but the physical appearance of the build¬ dents of all kinds have their injuries ing does not carry out the suggestion. attended to in the building; and many It is as sound to-day as when its founda¬ of these have breathed their last there. tions were laid in 1763, nearly 130 The first mention of the building in the records of the Pennsylvania Hospi¬ years a.g'O. It has withstood not only the storm of the elements, but the as- , tal, as contained in its minutes, is un- J saults of man. When the rod-coated der date of August 29, 1768, when Samuel Britishers took Philadelphia, away back Rhoads, Jacob Lewis and Isaac Green- in the days of the Revolution, they laid leafe were appointed “to purchase ma¬ seige to and captured the .building. The terial and employ tradesmen to erect a hands of American women smoothed the building adjoining the kitchen, conven¬ brow of the suffering enemy, and in ient for an elaboratory.” The quaint j very many cases made his exit into the spelling, “elaboratory,” figures all ! next world, the easier for their minis¬ through the minutes. It was originally tering care. intended to be but one story high, but j When the English were out the build- £ even while it was being built the neces- | Ing was used for the preparation and sity arose for a taller building and the compounding of medicines for the Con¬ original intention was not adhered to. tinentals; and there is yet in existence _The next mention of the “elaboratory” is on July 22, 1778, when an agreement a copy of the contract that was enter¬ was entered into with Jonathan Potts, ■ ed into with the Government, and cer¬ D. D. G., and Thomas Bond, Jr., A. D. i tificates, over the signature of Robert G., representing the medical department, Morris, the financier of the young na¬ of the Continental Army, for the use tion, for the payment of certain rentals to the management of the hospital. In of the “elaboratory” for preparing! the Civil War it was used, but only to and compounding medicines for the use ‘ a limited extent, for the soldiers. In a of the military hospital. There seems) few months it will be gone from the to have been some sort of a disagreement' 1 sight, and nothing will mark the place as to the payment of the rental for the where once it stood, for the erection of building, for under date of February the new building makes its site abso¬ lutely necessary for ventilation pur¬ <4

125, 1782, tfiF Committee on Collecting' I Debts was "authorized” to receive from i Robert Morris, Financier General, a ; certificate bearing interest for the rental ! of the building to the United States. On September 29, 1783, an entry of 81 i pounds, 5 shillings, 1 pence recorded, and as late as 1790, there jux records of the j receipt of certificates for debts due byll the United States for rental. .u0tJhe occuPancy of the building by British, there is little said in the minutes save that afterward the famous 1 r. Bond used it as a lecture room p-rv w>farly >;ear? of the Present cen- t’tr>, when colored men and women were under the ban, the building was set aside exclusively for their use,^ while PoUi? Pnf’ethtS dW6rf treated jn another por.m of the hospital. In latter years

To^Verero aay there existsref;'iCti absolutely°n Was removed! no r» st net ion either on race, creed or colon

are Treated^intreated in" h*its 1 rooms,lnjuries andin accidentsthen if tl eir injuries are serious enough to re

has been mad” and it i, improvement so far ’ nd u is now antiquated are concerned."T1"68 of the hospital £

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