DOCSLIB.ORG

A Survey of the Effect of Staff's Organizational Commitment On

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A Survey of the Effect of Staff's Organizational Commitment On European Online Journal of Natural and Social Sciences 2013; www.european-science.com vol.2, No. 3(s), pp. 8-17 ISSN 1805-3602 A survey of the effect of staff’s organizational commitment on effectiveness in municipalities of Yazd Province Ali Ahmadi1, Hassan Donuqezelbash2 1MA in Public Administration, Faculty Member of Iranshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Iranshahr, Iran; 2MA graduate in Public Administration Abstract fective organizational commitment was highly cor- related with organizational effectiveness. The present study evaluated the relationship between the various dimensions of organizational Keywords: Organizational effectiveness, Orga- commitment and organizational effectiveness in nizational commitment, Beneficiaries, Customer Municipalities of Yazd province. The study popula- satisfaction, Staff tion was all municipalities in Yazd province (totally 22 organizations). The required organizations were Introduction the people being selected in each organization and the analysis basis was the organization. The study Based on various studies, it is accepted that the sample in the present study included two sections. organizations with high organizational commit- The first section was dedicated to the selection of ment have good performance compared to their organizations staffs as samples and the standard or- competitors (Rikitta, 2002). Thus, high organiza- ganizational commitment questionnaire was distrib- tional commitment of the staffs improves the orga- uted among them. Eight people were selected inside nization situation in the competitive community. each organization as sample. The second section The concept of organizational commitment is the was dedicated to the evaluation of the effectiveness main component of management issues of the or- in the organization and included two sections: The ganizations. The successful managers are the ones first section was about the real entities referring to who increase the commitment of the staffs in their the organization directly and resolved the problems organizational communication. Due to the rela- and the second section was including legal entities tionship between organizational commitment and such as the state organizations, institutions and pri- work behaviors as absence, leave, job satisfaction, vate companies and each of them were interacting attachment to work, performance and the relation- with the studied organization and they were con- ship between the supervisor and the workers, the sidered as organizational beneficiaries. The num- various researchers emphasized on its significance ber of samples in each organization was 10 people, (Eby, Freeman, & Rush, 1999). Various empirical 5 real entities and 5 legal entities. The study mea- studies emphasized on the effects of various orga- sures were Meyer and Allen’s (1991) organizational nizational variables on organizational commitment; commitment survey with 24 items and effectiveness however, a few empirical studies were conducted questionnaire with 15 items. The data were analyzed on the survey of the effects of various dimensions by SPSS 15 software and Spearman rank correlation of staffs’ organizational commitment on organiza- test and regression of the data of the questionnaires tional effectiveness. Effectiveness means fulfillment and the hypotheses were tested. The results showed of organizational goals. Any conditions helping the that there was a significant association between the improvement of staffs commitment improves orga- dimensions of organizational commitment and or- nizational commitment (Kazemi Haqiqat, 2008). If ganizational effectiveness in Municipalities and af- commitment is prevalent in the organization, the Corresponding author: Ali Ahmadi, MA in Public Administration, Faculty Member of Iranshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Iranshahr, Iran. E-mail: [email protected] Copyright © Ali Ahmadi and Hassan Donuqezelbash, 2013 European Online Journal of Natural and Social Sciences; vol.2, No. 3(s), pp. 8-17 8 Social science section people will be more responsible and will have more consequence and results, affective attachment pro- satisfaction of their commitments and also they will cess and attachment state and belonging, it seems have a few leaves, negligence, stresses etc (Hejazi, that affective cohesion is common among them. et al., 2002). There are two views to organizational commit- Stave (1977, as cited in Meyer and Herscovitch, ment. The first view defines commitment as an af- 2001) believed that the significance and value of or- fective or attitudinal view. ganizational commitment should be proved as a sep- People identify themselves with organization arate structure of other psychological concepts such and try to stay with the organization to pursue the as motivation, job involvement or other behavioral goals. Becker (1960) in a completely different view orientations. The behavior of the employees in an to organizational commitment, stated that commit- organization is affected by their attitude. Thus, the ment is considered mostly as behavioral view instead organizations’ managers should be aware of them. of attitudinal view. According to this view, people People do not express their attitudes for anyone and attach to the organization for their benefits; the it should be said that being aware of all the attitudes benefits are ranging the advantages and top position of the employees is not of great importance for the to the good feeling to an organization. The differ- organization managers and they are not interested ence between the attitudinal and behavioral views is in knowing all these attitudes. obvious in the previous studies. In attitudinal view, Indeed, the managers are interested in know- the studies are mostly regarding the identification ing the attitudes related to labor and organization. of the factors related to commitment and the con- Organizational commitment reflects the attitudes of sequences of commitment. However, in behavioral people to the organizational values and goals (Em- view, the studies were mostly regarding the condi- ery and Barker, 2007) and it indicates the motiva- tions under which the behavior being expressed al- tion to stay with the organization and do their best ready is repeated again and also the identification to achieve the organizational goals (Meyer and Her- of the effects of such behavior on the change of at- scovitch, 2001). titude. Meyer and Allen’s (1991) described three di- mensional model of commitment: Affective, Con- The variables of the study tinuance and Normative. Organizational commitment Affective commitment There are different views in defining organi- It is the affective orientation of the employees zational commitment as different terms are ap- toward the organization. Thus, the employee stays plied to define this concept. For example, Porter with the organization for the reason of having posi- et al. (1974) defined commitment as “the relative tive attitude to the existence mission, values and strength of an individual’s identification with and goals. An employee stays with the organization to involvement in a particular organization”. Accord- fulfill the values and goals believing deeply. The ing to this definition, organizational commitment employees with high affective commitment are is to believe in the goal and values of the organiza- more dependent upon their values and are commit- tion, working hard for the organization and strong ted to fulfilling the organization goals (Angle and intention to stay with the organization (Meyer and Perry,1981). Allen,1991). Kanter (1972) defines commitment as the willingness of people to give their energy and Continuance commitment loyalty to social system. As argued by Buchanan Commitment to the organization due to aware- (1974) commitment is a kind of affective commit- ness of the costs associated with leaving the organiza- ment to the goal and values and to the organization tion. It means that a person stays with the organization for its own sake, a part from its instrumental worth. because based on costs-benefit analysis; he decides to Although various researchers have different views stay (Meyer and Allen, 1991). In most cases, staying to commitment, most of them believe that there is with the organization is due to the fact that he doesn’t a kind of affective and psychological attachment to want to go to a new job. This type of commitment the organization relating an individual and organi- is continuance commitment (continual, obligatory, zation. Although the term commitment is mostly durability), it means that they stay in the organiza- referred to the pre-requirements of commitment, tion as going to another job is costly (Mathieu, 1991). Openly accessible at http://www.european-science.com 9 Social science section Normative commitment showed the 25% increase in the leave of the organi- The employee stays with the organization due zations compared to the previous year and it showed to the pressure of the norms and morale. He does the lack of orientation of the staffs to their organiza- not leave the organization for the fact that others tion and based on review of literature, it can be one (due to the feeling of co-workers, considering the of the reasons of the non-effectiveness of the studied employer) criticize him for leaving the organization. organization. The organization leave hours of the According to Wiener (1982), this group of staffs are staffs were not good as the existing statistics showed not bounded well to the organization . This type of 15%, 25%
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Research Article Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Regarding Food, and Waterborne Outbreak After Massive Diarrhea Outbreak in Yazd Province, Iran, Summer 2013
    Hindawi Publishing Corporation International Scholarly Research Notices Volume 2014, Article ID 403058, 7 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/403058 Research Article Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice regarding Food, and Waterborne Outbreak after Massive Diarrhea Outbreak in Yazd Province, Iran, Summer 2013 Zahra Cheraghi,1 Batul Okhovat,1 Amin Doosti Irani,1 Mojgan Talaei,1 Elham Ahmadnezhad,2 Mohammad Mehdi Gooya,3 Mahmood Soroush,3 Hossein Masoumi Asl,3,4 and Kourosh Holakouie-Naieni1 1 Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 6446-14155, Iran 2 Department of Health in Emergencies & Disasters, National Institute of Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran 3 Center of Disease Control (CDC), Ministry of Health, Tehran, Iran 4 Food Microbiology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 6446-14155, Iran Correspondence should be addressed to Kourosh Holakouie-Naieni; [email protected] Received 19 June 2014; Accepted 11 September 2014; Published 30 October 2014 Academic Editor: Barbara Polivka Copyright © 2014 Zahra Cheraghi et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Objective. This Study was conducted after a diarrhea outbreak that occurred in Yazd Province, Iran. The aim of the study wasto compare knowledge, attitude, practice, and other risk factors of the affected communities regarding diarrhea outbreak (the cities of Zarch, Meybod, and Ardakan) to nonaffected communities (the cities of Yazd and Taft). Methods. A knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) survey study was conducted from August to September 2013 enrolling 505 subjects who were referred to health centers anonymously during the epidemic.
    [Show full text]
  • See the Document
    IN THE NAME OF GOD IRAN NAMA RAILWAY TOURISM GUIDE OF IRAN List of Content Preamble ....................................................................... 6 History ............................................................................. 7 Tehran Station ................................................................ 8 Tehran - Mashhad Route .............................................. 12 IRAN NRAILWAYAMA TOURISM GUIDE OF IRAN Tehran - Jolfa Route ..................................................... 32 Collection and Edition: Public Relations (RAI) Tourism Content Collection: Abdollah Abbaszadeh Design and Graphics: Reza Hozzar Moghaddam Photos: Siamak Iman Pour, Benyamin Tehran - Bandarabbas Route 48 Khodadadi, Hatef Homaei, Saeed Mahmoodi Aznaveh, javad Najaf ...................................... Alizadeh, Caspian Makak, Ocean Zakarian, Davood Vakilzadeh, Arash Simaei, Abbas Jafari, Mohammadreza Baharnaz, Homayoun Amir yeganeh, Kianush Jafari Producer: Public Relations (RAI) Tehran - Goragn Route 64 Translation: Seyed Ebrahim Fazli Zenooz - ................................................ International Affairs Bureau (RAI) Address: Public Relations, Central Building of Railways, Africa Blvd., Argentina Sq., Tehran- Iran. www.rai.ir Tehran - Shiraz Route................................................... 80 First Edition January 2016 All rights reserved. Tehran - Khorramshahr Route .................................... 96 Tehran - Kerman Route .............................................114 Islamic Republic of Iran The Railways
    [Show full text]
  • Novel Hydraulic Structures and Water Management in Iran: a Historical Perspective
    Novel hydraulic structures and water management in Iran: A historical perspective Shahram Khora Sanizadeh Department of Water Resources Research, Water Research Institute������, Iran Summary. Iran is located in an arid, semi-arid region. Due to the unfavorable distribution of surface water, to fulfill water demands and fluctuation of yearly seasonal streams, Iranian people have tried to provide a better condition for utilization of water as a vital matter. This paper intends to acquaint the readers with some of the famous Iranian historical water monuments. Keywords. Historic – Water – Monuments – Iran – Qanat – Ab anbar – Dam. Structures hydrauliques et gestion de l’eau en Iran : une perspective historique Résumé. L’Iran est situé dans une région aride, semi-aride. La répartition défavorable des eaux de surface a conduit la population iranienne à créer de meilleures conditions d’utilisation d’une ressource aussi vitale que l’eau pour faire face à la demande et aux fluctuations des débits saisonniers annuels. Ce travail vise à faire connaître certains des monuments hydrauliques historiques parmi les plus fameux de l’Iran. Mots-clés. Historique – Eau – Monuments – Iran – Qanat – Ab anbar – Barrage. I - Introduction Iran is located in an arid, semi-arid region. Due to the unfavorable distribution of surface water, to fulfill water demands and fluctuation of yearly seasonal streams, Iranian people have tried to provide a better condition for utilization of water as a vital matter. Iran is located in the south of Asia between 44º 02´ and 63º 20´ eastern longitude and 25º 03´ to 39º 46´ northern latitude. The country covers an area of about 1.648 million km2.
    [Show full text]
  • Mayors for Peace Member Cities 2021/10/01 平和首長会議 加盟都市リスト
    Mayors for Peace Member Cities 2021/10/01 平和首長会議 加盟都市リスト ● Asia 4 Bangladesh 7 China アジア バングラデシュ 中国 1 Afghanistan 9 Khulna 6 Hangzhou アフガニスタン クルナ 杭州（ハンチォウ） 1 Herat 10 Kotwalipara 7 Wuhan ヘラート コタリパラ 武漢（ウハン） 2 Kabul 11 Meherpur 8 Cyprus カブール メヘルプール キプロス 3 Nili 12 Moulvibazar 1 Aglantzia ニリ モウロビバザール アグランツィア 2 Armenia 13 Narayanganj 2 Ammochostos (Famagusta) アルメニア ナラヤンガンジ アモコストス（ファマグスタ） 1 Yerevan 14 Narsingdi 3 Kyrenia エレバン ナールシンジ キレニア 3 Azerbaijan 15 Noapara 4 Kythrea アゼルバイジャン ノアパラ キシレア 1 Agdam 16 Patuakhali 5 Morphou アグダム（県） パトゥアカリ モルフー 2 Fuzuli 17 Rajshahi 9 Georgia フュズリ（県） ラージシャヒ ジョージア 3 Gubadli 18 Rangpur 1 Kutaisi クバドリ（県） ラングプール クタイシ 4 Jabrail Region 19 Swarupkati 2 Tbilisi ジャブライル（県） サルプカティ トビリシ 5 Kalbajar 20 Sylhet 10 India カルバジャル（県） シルヘット インド 6 Khocali 21 Tangail 1 Ahmedabad ホジャリ（県） タンガイル アーメダバード 7 Khojavend 22 Tongi 2 Bhopal ホジャヴェンド（県） トンギ ボパール 8 Lachin 5 Bhutan 3 Chandernagore ラチン（県） ブータン チャンダルナゴール 9 Shusha Region 1 Thimphu 4 Chandigarh シュシャ（県） ティンプー チャンディーガル 10 Zangilan Region 6 Cambodia 5 Chennai ザンギラン（県） カンボジア チェンナイ 4 Bangladesh 1 Ba Phnom 6 Cochin バングラデシュ バプノム コーチ（コーチン） 1 Bera 2 Phnom Penh 7 Delhi ベラ プノンペン デリー 2 Chapai Nawabganj 3 Siem Reap Province 8 Imphal チャパイ・ナワブガンジ シェムリアップ州 インパール 3 Chittagong 7 China 9 Kolkata チッタゴン 中国 コルカタ 4 Comilla 1 Beijing 10 Lucknow コミラ 北京（ペイチン） ラクノウ 5 Cox's Bazar 2 Chengdu 11 Mallappuzhassery コックスバザール 成都（チォントゥ） マラパザーサリー 6 Dhaka 3 Chongqing 12 Meerut ダッカ 重慶（チョンチン） メーラト 7 Gazipur 4 Dalian 13 Mumbai (Bombay) ガジプール 大連（タァリィェン） ムンバイ（旧ボンベイ） 8 Gopalpur 5 Fuzhou 14 Nagpur ゴパルプール 福州（フゥチォウ） ナーグプル 1/108 Pages
    [Show full text]
  • Trans-Asian Railway in the Southern Corridor of Asia-Europe Routes
    ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMISSION FOR ASIA AND THE PACIFIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE TRANS-ASIAN RAILWAY TRANS-ASIAN RAILWAY IN THE SOUTHERN CORRIDOR OF ASIA-EUROPE ROUTES UNITED NATIONS ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMISSION FOR ASIA AND THE PACIFIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE TRANS-ASIAN RAILWAY TRANS-ASIAN RAILWAY IN THE SOUTHERN CORRIDOR OF ASIA-EUROPE ROUTES UNITED NATIONS New York, 1999 ST/ESCAP/1980 This publication was prepared by Peter Hodgkinson, Consultant, with financial support by the Government of Germany through GTZ German Technical Cooperation. The description employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. This publication has been issued without formal editing. CONTENTS Page 1. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................1 2. NETWORK IDENTIFICATION............................................................................................3 2.1 Routes of international significance .........................................................................3 2.1.1 Route TAR-S1.............................................................................................5 2.1.2 Route TAR-S2.............................................................................................5 2.1.3 Route TAR-S3.............................................................................................7
    [Show full text]
  • Behind the Scenes
    ©Lonely Planet Publications Pty Ltd 369 Behind the Scenes SEND US YOUR FEEDBACK We love to hear from travellers – your comments keep us on our toes and help make our books better. Our well-travelled team reads every word on what you loved or loathed about this book. Although we cannot reply individually to your submissions, we always guarantee that your feed- back goes straight to the appropriate authors, in time for the next edition. Each person who sends us information is thanked in the next edition – the most useful submissions are rewarded with a selection of digital PDF chapters. Visit lonelyplanet.com/contact to submit your updates and suggestions or to ask for help. Our award-winning website also features inspirational travel stories, news and discussions. Note: We may edit, reproduce and incorporate your comments in Lonely Planet products such as guidebooks, websites and digital products, so let us know if you don’t want your comments reproduced or your name acknowledged. For a copy of our privacy policy visit lonelyplanet.com/ privacy. Martin, Klaas Flechsig, Larissa Chu, Leigh Dehaney, OUR READERS Leonie Gavalas, Lianne Bosch, Lisandra Ilisei, Luis Many thanks to the travellers who used the last Maia, Luzius Thuerlimann, Maarten Jan Oskam, edition and wrote to us with helpful hints, useful Maksymilian Dzwonek, Manfred Henze, Marc Verkerk, advice and interesting anecdotes: Adriaan van Dijk, Marcel Althaus, Marei Bauer, Marianne Schoone, Adrian Ineichen, Adrien Bitton, Adrien Ledeul, Agapi Mario Sergio Dd Oliveira Pinto, Marjolijn
    [Show full text]
  • Saudi Arabia Faces Accusations of Involvement in Palace Intrigue Reza Cup Tournament SPORTS POLITICAL TEHRAN — High-Pro- People in Charge of the Neom Project
    WWW.TEHRANTIMES.COM I N T E R N A T I O N A L D A I L Y 8 Pages Price 50,000 Rials 1.00 EURO 4.00 AED 42nd year No.13910 Monday APRIL 5, 2021 Farvardin 16, 1400 Sha’aban 22, 1442 Strategic partnership 12 countries to partake at Nanotech increasing Owj docudrama chronicles with China is a warning International Athletic Imam pace of development life of war filmmaker to Washington Page 2 Reza Cup Tournament Page 3 in Iran Page 7 Morteza Avini Page 8 Sanctions should be lifted ‘all at once and completely’: parliament See page 3 TEHRAN – Iranian parliament repre- the “general policies of the establishment sentatives issued a statement on Sunday and the Majlis law.” saying that a return to the 2015 nuclear The statement followed as Iran and deal – JCPOA- by the United States will the remaining parties to the JCPOA – be dependent on a lifting of sanctions “all the three European countries of Britain, at once and completely” that can be veri- France Germany, Russia and China – held fied by experts. a virtual conference within the framework Calling the sanctions oppressive, they of the JCPOA Joint Commission on Fri- said any negotiations for “synchronized day. The virtual conference, led by senior Stab in steps” with the current JCPOA parties European Union diplomat Enrique Mora, will actually lead to a procrastination was held to explore ways to revitalize the in fully lifting sanctions and that will be nuclear agreement. “unacceptable” and will run counter to Continued on page 2 Annual production by major Iranian automakers rises 4% the back TEHRAN - Three major Iranian carmakers, cles, which was 21.9 percent more than namely Iran Khodro Company (IKCO), the output in its preceding year, that was Saudi Arabia faces SAIPA Group, and Pars Khodro, man- 393,812 vehicles.
    [Show full text]
  • General Health Status, Quality of Life and Social Support of Young Athletes and Young Non-Athletes in Yazd
    General Health Status, Quality of Life and Social Support of Young Athletes and Young Non-Athletes in Yazd Seyed Saeed Mazloomy Mahmoodabad a, Nahid Ardian a*, Hadi Eslami b a Social Determinants of Health Research Center, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. b Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran. A R T I C L E I N F O A B S T R A C T ORIGINAL ARTICLE Background: One of the factors influencing the level of general health and quality of life of individuals, is the level of social support that people enjoy. Given the importance of general health, quality of life and the amount of Article History: social support and their relationship with the level of physical activity in Received: 16 Dec 2018 young people in Yazd province counties were studied. Revised: 4 May 2019 Methods: The study population of this descriptive, cross-sectional study Accepted: 19 May 2019 consisted of 15- to 29-year-old people. Given the study population, sample size was calculated for the counties Yazd, Mehriz, Ardakan and Meybod separately. *Corresponding Author: Methods: A total of 1533 people were selected by cluster sampling, and a Nahid Ardian person aged 15-29 years from each family completed the questionnaire. The questionnaire used, in addition to demographic questions, included three Email: sections general health questionnaire (GHQ-28), Multidimensional Scale of [email protected] Perceived Social Support, and World Health Organization Quality Of Life Tel: +98 9132506563 Brief (WHOQOL-BREF).
    [Show full text]
  • 13877 Saturday FEBRUARY 6, 2021 Bahman 18, 1399 Jumada Al Thani 23, 1442
    WWW.TEHRANTIMES.COM I N T E R N A T I O N A L D A I L Y 8 Pages Price 50,000 Rials 1.00 EURO 4.00 AED 42nd year No.13877 Saturday FEBRUARY 6, 2021 Bahman 18, 1399 Jumada Al thani 23, 1442 Russia eyes close Esteghlal earn a late South Pars Fajr Theater Festival’s lineup cooperation with EU on win over struggling development nearly features over ten plays on JCPOA, Lavrov says Page 3 Nassaji: IPL Page 3 completed Page 4 Commander Soleimani Page 8 Iran to U.S.: Objecting to ICJ ruling ‘not a good fresh start’ TEHRAN – Iran has criticized the U.S. on Wednesday expressed displeasure over for objecting the ruling by the Interna- the ruling. The reaction by the State De- Macron’s gambit tional Court of Justice (ICJ) in which partment drew a response from Iran’s it has ruled it can hear a case brought Ambassador to the United Nations Majid See page 3 by Iran against the U.S. in a bid to end Takht-Ravanhi, saying this is “not a good sanctions that the Trump administration fresh start.” reimposed in 2018 after pulling out of Hopes have risen for a revival of the the 2015 nuclear deal. JCPOA – the official name for the nuclear A majority of a panel of 16 judges on deal - now that the Trump administration Numerous development projects inaugurated Wednesday found that the ICJ, also known is gone and the new Biden administration as the world court, has jurisdiction in the has said it will cherish multilateralism across Iran to mark Ten-Day Fajr celebrations dispute.
    [Show full text]
  • Cobalt and Lustre Treasures of Ancient Persia
    TRAVEL WITH FRIENDS IN 2015 Cobalt and Lustre Treasures of Ancient Persia TEHRAN – ZANJAN – TABRIZ – SHIRAZ – YAZD – ISFAHAN with John Tidmarsh 01–21 October 2015 (21 days) Cobalt and Lustre TREASURES OF ANCIENT PERSIA Few countries can boast of such an illustrious past and diversity of cultures as Iran. From Tehran, Zanjan and Tabriz in the north to Shiraz, Yazd and Isfahan in the south and centre, this tour will thoroughly explore the extraordinary historical, architectural and cultural legacy since Cyrus the Great founded the Persian Empire in the 6th century BC. In addition to exploring the major sites such as Persepolis, Pasargad and Naqsh-i-Rustam, you will also enter the lesser known world of the Sassanians whose opulent palaces at Bishapur and Firuzabad, along with the remarkable religious centre of Takht-i-Sulaiman, with its bottomless lake and great Fire Temple, represent some of the fi nest monuments seen in Iran today. TOUR LEADER Dr John Tidmarsh was Stay in the enchanting mud-brick city of Yazd with its brooding Zoroastrian part-time Lecturer in the Towers of Silence, narrow winding lanes and opulent merchants’ houses with Department of Archaeology their tall wind-towers. In Shiraz, ‘the city of roses and nightingales’, enter the at the University of Sydney. He is currently President of enchanted world of Persian gardens and poetry through the wonderful gardens the University’s Near Eastern of the Bagh-i-Eram, the Narenjastan Pavilion and the tombs of Hafez and Sa’adi. Archaeology Foundation and Co-Director of the University of Sydney’s excavations at Pella in Jordan and the ANU At a glance… University of Melbourne excavations at Jebel Khalid • Visit Tabriz, a place of cultural exchange since antiquity in Syria.
    [Show full text]
  • Rail-Opportunities-In-Iran.Pdf
    In the Name of God Opportunities for Investment and Participation in Development Plans of Railways of the Islamic Republic of Iran The Ministry of Road & Urban Development The Railways of the Islamic Republic of Iran Investment and Transportation Economy Bureau Identification Title:Opportunities for Investment and Participation in Development Plans of Railways of the Islamic Republic of Iran Compiled by:Investment and Transportation Economy Bureau (Messrs. Eng. Behyar Senobari, Farajollah Javadzadeh, Farshad Kharazi, Dariush Azarnoush, Miss Hajar Akhavan Sales ) First edition:September 2015 Translation:International Affairs Bureau (Mr. Seyed Ebrahim Fazli Zenooz) Published by: Public Relations Bureau ( Mr. Sadegh Sakari, Miss. Maryam Mousavi Baladeh) Design & Graphic: Miss. Mojdegan Vaziri Content --------------------------------------------------------------------- • Preamble.............................................................................................................................4 • Statistics of current status of RAI in 2014 ..................................................................... 6 • Freight transportation forecast (with consignment note), railway subsection and other alternatives till 2021 .......................................................................................... 7 • Passenger transportation forecast, railway subsection and other alternatives till 2021 7 • infrastructure projects to increase the capacity of the network ..................................... 8 • Needed fleet for realization
    [Show full text]
  • Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli Food-Borne Disease Outbreaks in Yazd Province of Iran During 2012-2016 F
    Journal of Food Quality and Hazards Control 5 (2018) 154-160 Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Food-Borne Disease Outbreaks in Yazd Province of Iran during 2012-2016 F. Aminharati 1, M.H. Ehrampoush 2,3, M.M. Soltan Dallal 4,5*, A.A. Dehghani Tafti 6, M. Yaseri 7, Z. Rajabi 5 1. Department of Pathobiology and Microbiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2. Research Center for Food Hygiene and Safety, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran 3. Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran 4. Division of Food Microbiology, Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 5. Research Center of Food Microbiology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 6. Department of Disaster and Emergency Health, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran 7. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran HIGHLIGHTS Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) outbreaks in Ashkezar, Mehriz, and Taft were more prevalent than the other cities of Yazd province. There was a positive relationship between suspended dust condition and the incidence rate of ETEC outbreaks. Some associations were found between incidence rate of ETEC outbreaks and demographic features. Article type ABSTRACT Original article Background: Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is one of the most important Keywords agents of travelers’ diarrheal diseases in the developing countries. The main purpose of Environment this study was to determine the association of ETEC outbreaks with climatic and Climate Epidemics demographic variables in Yazd province of Iran.
    [Show full text]