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General Health Status, Quality of Life and Social Support of Young Athletes and Young Non-Athletes in Yazd

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General Health Status, Quality of Life and Social Support of Young Athletes and Young Non-Athletes in Yazd General Health Status, Quality of Life and Social Support of Young Athletes and Young Non-Athletes in Yazd Seyed Saeed Mazloomy Mahmoodabad a, Nahid Ardian a*, Hadi Eslami b a Social Determinants of Health Research Center, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. b Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran. A R T I C L E I N F O A B S T R A C T ORIGINAL ARTICLE Background: One of the factors influencing the level of general health and quality of life of individuals, is the level of social support that people enjoy. Given the importance of general health, quality of life and the amount of Article History: social support and their relationship with the level of physical activity in Received: 16 Dec 2018 young people in Yazd province counties were studied. Revised: 4 May 2019 Methods: The study population of this descriptive, cross-sectional study Accepted: 19 May 2019 consisted of 15- to 29-year-old people. Given the study population, sample size was calculated for the counties Yazd, Mehriz, Ardakan and Meybod separately. *Corresponding Author: Methods: A total of 1533 people were selected by cluster sampling, and a Nahid Ardian person aged 15-29 years from each family completed the questionnaire. The questionnaire used, in addition to demographic questions, included three Email: sections general health questionnaire (GHQ-28), Multidimensional Scale of [email protected] Perceived Social Support, and World Health Organization Quality Of Life Tel: +98 9132506563 Brief (WHOQOL-BREF). The data were analyzed by SPSS18, nonparametric statistical tests and Pearson's correlation. Results: The mean general health score of youth was 30.82 (9.56) and the Citation: mean scores of their quality of life and social support were 38.32 (8.67) and Mazloomy Mahmoodabad SS, 42.64 (7.73), respectively. Mental health, quality of life and social support Ardian A, Eslami H. General were significantly associated with education level (P-value ≤ 0.001). Health Status, Quality of Life The quality of life of young athletes was higher than that of young non- and Social Support of Young athletes (P-value ≤ 0.001). General health and social support were higher in women than in men (P-value ≤ 0.001). Athletes and Young Non- Conclusion: The general health level of Yazd youth is higher than the cut-off Athletes in Yazd Province. point and not optimal, but based on social and cultural conditions in this Social Behavior Research & province, the levels of social support and quality of life were found to be Health (SBRH). 2019; 3(1): satisfactory. Planning to increase the level of vitality and exercise in different 331-339. fields can be an opportunity to improve the general health of young people. Keywords: General Health, Quality Of Life, Social Support, Sports, Youth Copyright: This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the creative commons Attribution 4.0 license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. General Health Status, Quality of Life and Social Support of Mazloomy Mahmoodabad SS, et al. Young in Yazd Introduction If mental health, according to the definition of the Social support is associated with decreased risk World Health Organization, is considered as of illness and plays a part in promoting healthy complete comfort and biological and psychosocial behaviors and exploiting health care.1 well-being, and not merely the absence of illness According to many sociologists, the degree of and disability, the importance of this component in tendency to and progress in sports are highly human life can be understood. associated with current social and cultural Absence of or defect in mental health prevents indicators. the advancement of the individual and society and Quality of life is associated with exercise and deprives one of the ability to perform the duties physical activity. Bourdieu believes that the the properly and play social roles. As a result, the desire to exercise and reasons for different trends individual and society are exposed to damage.1 depend on the economic status of individuals, According to the World Health Organization education level, and the level of cultural statistics, 12% of illnesses across the world are due understanding of trends and habits of life.6 to mental health problems, or general health. Sixty Social support is divided into received or percent of health problems in middle aged people objective social support and subjective social are related to mental disorders.2 support. Satisfaction with life as one of the concepts of Understanding the support is more important than general health can have a positive relationship with its receiving. In other words, the attitude of the the amount of death in the opposition and the length individual to the received support is more important of life of the people. than the level of support provided to him.7 Quality of life indicates one's perception of Failure to understand social support has many his/her own ability to perform well at the physical, consequences for society. This does not allow psychological and social level.3 people to properly perform their duties and disrupts The gap between the expectations and the the performance of people in the community.8, 9 experiences of individuals from life is called the Social support and adjustment to cancer: quality of life, and the important dimensions of this Reconciling descriptive, correlational, and concept include the individual's view of his/her own intervention research. The higher the level of social general health and satisfaction with the physical, support, the higher the level of health, and vice psychological, social and economic dimensions of versa. Obviously, support is beneficial, and social life.4 support leads to mental health and higher levels of Social support has various impacts on the health social support are associated with lower levels of of individuals. For example, feelings of self-esteem, depression and anxiety.10 greater belonging and positive attitudes are seen in It must be pointed out that there is a relationship the individuals who enjoy more support. The level between doing exercise and the health status, quality of feeling of the existence of support not only of life and the level of social support in young reduces the amount of stress, but also makes the people, so that studies have shown the benefits of individual's body resistant to infectious diseases.5 the exercise program in increasing life expectancy The role of social support as a source in coping and reducing disabilities as much as possible.11 with stress and mental and physical symptoms has In this study, given the role of general health, been well documented. quality of life and the amount of social support and Social support is a multidimensional construct their relationship with the level of physical activity that includes the spectrum of social network, in young people, these variables were studied in emotional support, instrumental support, quality of young athletes and young non-athletes in Yazd social support and mutual assistance from others. province. SBRH. Volume 3, Issue 1, May 2019; 331-339 332 General Health Status, Quality of Life and Social Support of Young Mazloomy Mahmoodabad SS, et al. in Yazd Methods into 4 domains and the first two items do not belong The study population of this descriptive, cross- to any of the domains but assess the health status sectional study consisted of 15- to 29-year-old and quality of life in general. The questionnaire has people. According to the demographic and cultural a total of 26 items and includes the following similarities and differences among the counties of domains: a) physical health; b) the psychological the province, the cities Yazd, Mehriz, Ardakan and domain; social relationships; and the living Meybod were selected. environment. Given the study population, sample size for each Scoring: The score on each item ranges from 1 to county was calculated separately, and a total of 5, from Absolutely dissatisfied, Not satisfied, 1639 people were selected by cluster sampling. Relatively dissatisfied, Satisfied, and Absolutely From each city, based on the municipal district, a satisfied. The minimum and maximum possible few neighborhoods, and from each neighborhood, a scores on the questionnaire are 26 and 130, few alleys as clusters were selected and all houses in respectively. the selected alleys were separately referred to and The Cronbach's alpha coefficient has been the questionnaires were provided by a trained reported to range from 0.73 to 0.89 for the four interviewer to youth and adolescents and collected subscales and the total scale. In Iran, for the after completion. reliability of the scale, three methods have been From each family, one young man or woman used, test-retest with a 3-week interval, split-half, aged 15 to 29 years was enrolled, and after he/she and Cronbach's alpha coefficient reported as being provided consent to participate in the study, the 0.70, 0.87, 0.87, respectively.14 questionnaire was filled out. 3- Multidimensional Scale of Perceived The questionnaire used in this study, in addition Social Support (MSPSS) to demographic questions, included three standard The MSPSS was used to measure social support. questionnaires: The scale consists of 12 items that measure the three 1- General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) components, namely, perceived family support (4 It consists of 28 items. The questionnaire was items), perceived support from other people (4 designed by Goldberg and Hillier (1979) and items) and perceived support from friends (4 items). consists of 4 subscales, each of which are All items of this scale are graded on a 5-degree investigated by 7 items.
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