Lydia I. Heeley Mphil Thesis
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SCOTTISH DOCUMENTARY PHOTOGRAPHY AND THE ARCHIVE: GEORGE M. COWIE, FRANKI RAFFLES AND DOCUMENT SCOTLAND IN THE UNIVERSITY OF ST ANDREWS PHOTOGRAPHIC COLLECTION Lydia Isabel Heeley A Thesis Submitted for the Degree of MPhil at the University of St Andrews 2019 Full metadata for this item is available in St Andrews Research Repository at: http://research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk/ Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://hdl.handle.net/10023/18364 This item is protected by original copyright Scottish Documentary Photography and the Archive: George M. Cowie, Franki Raffles and Document Scotland in the University of St Andrews Photographic Collection Lydia Isabel Heeley This thesis is submitted in partial fulfilment for the degree of Master of Philosophy (MPhil) at the University of St Andrews March 2019 2 Abstract Scottish documentary photography has a significant historical connection with St Andrews. The St Andrews Photographic Collection upholds this link by preserving historic and contemporary collections. This thesis investigates how the collection’s acquisitions of photographic work place the photographer within the tradition of Scottish documentary photography. Three case studies are examined, the George M. Cowie collection of photojournalism, the Franki Raffles collection, and the collection of the photographic collective, Document Scotland. The way in which the archive preserves and promotes this material are examined in a number of ways. Firstly, how the organisation of the material affects the sense of the photographers’ working practice and authorship of the material. Secondly, how the materiality of the collections is used in a way that further informs the photographers’ body of work. Thirdly, how the archive’s presentation of this material can be utilised by researchers and institutions to promote and re-interpret this work. Finally, these aspects are considered in terms of positioning the discussed photographers within the legacy of Scottish documentary photography. 6 Contents List of Figures .......................................................................................................................... 9 Acknowledgments ................................................................................................................. 13 Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 15 Collection History ............................................................................................................... 17 Documentary....................................................................................................................... 20 Case Studies ........................................................................................................................ 24 The George M. Cowie Collection: St Andrews Photojournalism ................................. 29 Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 29 The Archive ......................................................................................................................... 32 Cowie’s Photojournalism ................................................................................................... 38 Early Years .................................................................................................................................. 41 Second World War ..................................................................................................................... 44 Post-War Years ........................................................................................................................... 49 Later Years .................................................................................................................................. 57 Exhibitions .......................................................................................................................... 61 Conclusion ........................................................................................................................... 64 Franki Raffles and Materiality in the Archive ................................................................ 67 Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 67 The Material Archive ......................................................................................................... 70 Photographic Projects ........................................................................................................ 77 To Let You Understand… ......................................................................................................... 79 Zero Tolerance ............................................................................................................................ 87 7 Observing Women at Work .............................................................................................. 95 Conclusion ......................................................................................................................... 101 Document Scotland and the Digital Archive .................................................................. 104 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 104 The Digital Archive .......................................................................................................... 108 Document Scotland Photographic Works ...................................................................... 115 Colin McPherson ...................................................................................................................... 117 Stephen McLaren ..................................................................................................................... 122 Jeremy Sutton-Hibbert ............................................................................................................. 128 Sophie Gerrard .......................................................................................................................... 134 Exhibitions ........................................................................................................................ 141 Conclusion ......................................................................................................................... 144 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................ 148 Figures .................................................................................................................................. 152 Bibliography ........................................................................................................................ 189 Appendices ........................................................................................................................... 205 8 List of Figures Figure I.1 David Octavius Hill and Robert Adamson. “The Fishergate, St Andrews,” 1845. University of St Andrews. SAUL ID: ALB-77-4…………………………………………..152 Figure 1.1 Beatrice Govan. ‘George M. Cowie in his studio,’ 1975. University of St Andrews. SAUL ID: GPS-CowieGM-1…………………………………………………….152 Figure 1.2 St Andrews Citizen, 22nd August 1931…………………………………………153 Figure 1.3 St Andrews Citizen, 11th January 1936………………………………………...154 Figure 1.4 George M. Cowie. ‘Baby Seal at Kingsbarns,’ 1936. University of St Andrews. SAUL ID: GMC-EA-37-B………………………………………………………………….154 Figure 1.5 St Andrews Citizen, 2nd November 1940……………………………………….155 Figure 1.6 George M. Cowie, ‘Air Raid Damage, St Andrews,’ 1940. University of St Andrews, SAUL ID: GMC-5-22-15………………………………………………………...155 Figure 1.7 George M. Cowie. ‘Gas Mask fitting, St Andrews,’ 1940. University of St Andrews. SAUL ID: GMC-FE-394-16……………………………………………………..156 Figure 1.8 George M. Cowie. ‘Winston Churchill, General Sikorski and Mrs C Churchill at the West Sands, St Andrews,’ 1940. University of St Andrews. SAUL ID: GMC-FI-167- 23……………………………………………………………………………………………156 Figure 1.9 George M. Cowie. ‘Winston Churchill and Mrs C Churchill at the West Sands, St Andrews,’ 1940. University of St Andrews. SAUL ID: GMC-FI-167-27………………….157 Figure 1.8 St Andrews Citizen, 18th October 1980………………………………………...157 Figure 1.9 St Andrews Citizen, 23rd September 1950……………………………………..158 Figure 1.10 George M. Cowie. ‘Queen Elizabeth’s Visit, Outside the Town Hall, South Street, St Andrews; the Queen with Provost Tulloch and Mrs Dewer,’ 1950. University of St Andrews. SAUL ID: GMC-3-29-10………………………………………………………...159 Figure 1.11 George M. Cowie. ‘Queen Elizabeth’s Visit, South Street, St Andrews from the Town Hall, with crowds and the royal car,’ 1950. University of St Andrews. SAUL ID: GMC-3-26-1………………………………………………………………………………...159 Figure 1.12 George M. Cowie. ‘Queen Elizabeth’s Visit, Arriving at Younger Hall, North Street, St Andrews,’ 1950. University of St Andrews. SAUL ID: GMC-3-29-6…………...160 9 Figure 1.13 George M. Cowie. ‘Queen Elizabeth’s Visit, Outside the Town Hall, South Street, St Andrews; the Queen with Provost Tulloch and Mrs Dewer,’ 1950. University of St Andrews. SAUL ID: GMC-3-27-7………………………………………………………….160 Figure 1.14 St Andrews Citizen, 15th July 1978…………………………………………..161 Figure 1.15 St Andrews Citizen, October 1982……………………………………………162 Figure 1.16 George M. Cowie.