The Waldensian Movement from Waldo to the Reformation
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The Failure of the Protestant Reformation in Italy
The Failure of the Protestant Reformation in Italy: Through the Eyes Adam Giancola of the Waldensian Experience The Failure of the Protestant Reformation in Italy: Through the Eyes of the Waldensian Experience Adam Giancola In the wake of the Protestant Reformation, the experience of many countries across Europe was the complete overturning of traditional institutions, whereby religious dissidence became a widespread phenomenon. Yet the focus on Reformation history has rarely been given to countries like Italy, where a strong Catholic presence continued to persist throughout the sixteenth century. In this regard, it is necessary to draw attention to the ‘Italian Reformation’ and to determine whether or not the ideas of the Reformation in Western Europe had any effect on the religious and political landscape of the Italian peninsula. In extension, there is also the task to understand why the Reformation did not ‘succeed’ in Italy in contrast to the great achievements it made throughout most other parts of Western Europe. In order for these questions to be addressed, it is necessary to narrow the discussion to a particular ‘Protestant’ movement in Italy, that being the Waldensians. In an attempt to provide a general thesis for the ‘failure’ of the Protestant movement throughout Italy, a particular look will be taken at the Waldensian case, first by examining its historical origins as a minority movement pre-dating the European Reformation, then by clarifying the Waldensian experience under the sixteenth century Italian Inquisition, and finally, by highlighting the influence of the Counter-Reformation as pivotal for the future of Waldensian survival. Perhaps one of the reasons why the Waldensian experience differed so greatly from mainstream European reactions has to do with its historical development, since in many cases it pre-dated the rapid changes of the sixteenth century. -
Events of the Reformation Part 1 – Church Becomes Powerful Institution
May 20, 2018 Events of the Reformation Protestants and Roman Catholics agree on first 5 centuries. What changed? Why did some in the Church want reform by the 16th century? Outline Why the Reformation? 1. Church becomes powerful institution. 2. Additional teaching and practices were added. 3. People begin questioning the Church. 4. Martin Luther’s protest. Part 1 – Church Becomes Powerful Institution Evidence of Rome’s power grab • In 2nd century we see bishops over regions; people looked to them for guidance. • Around 195AD there was dispute over which day to celebrate Passover (14th Nissan vs. Sunday) • Polycarp said 14th Nissan, but now Victor (Bishop of Rome) liked Sunday. • A council was convened to decide, and they decided on Sunday. • But bishops of Asia continued the Passover on 14th Nissan. • Eusebius wrote what happened next: “Thereupon Victor, who presided over the church at Rome, immediately attempted to cut off from the common unity the parishes of all Asia, with the churches that agreed with them, as heterodox [heretics]; and he wrote letters and declared all the brethren there wholly excommunicate.” (Eus., Hist. eccl. 5.24.9) Everyone started looking to Rome to settle disputes • Rome was always ending up on the winning side in their handling of controversial topics. 1 • So through a combination of the fact that Rome was the most important city in the ancient world and its bishop was always right doctrinally then everyone started looking to Rome. • So Rome took that power and developed it into the Roman Catholic Church by the 600s. Church granted power to rule • Constantine gave the pope power to rule over Italy, Jerusalem, Constantinople and Alexandria. -
An Analysis of Adventist Mission Methods in Brazil in Relationship to a Christian Movement Ethos
Andrews University Digital Commons @ Andrews University Dissertations Graduate Research 2016 An Analysis of Adventist Mission Methods in Brazil in Relationship to a Christian Movement Ethos Marcelo Eduardo da Costa Dias Andrews University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.andrews.edu/dissertations Part of the Missions and World Christianity Commons Recommended Citation Costa Dias, Marcelo Eduardo da, "An Analysis of Adventist Mission Methods in Brazil in Relationship to a Christian Movement Ethos" (2016). Dissertations. 1598. https://digitalcommons.andrews.edu/dissertations/1598 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate Research at Digital Commons @ Andrews University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Andrews University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ABSTRACT AN ANALYSIS OF ADVENTIST MISSION METHODS IN BRAZIL IN RELATIONSHIP TO A CHRISTIAN MOVEMENT ETHOS by Marcelo E. C. Dias Adviser: Bruce Bauer ABSTRACT OF GRADUATE RESEARCH Dissertation Andrews University Seventh-day Adventist Theological Seminary Title: AN ANALYSIS OF ADVENTIST MISSION METHODS IN BRAZIL IN RELATIONSHIP TO A CHRISTIAN MOVEMENT ETHOS Name of researcher: Marcelo E. C. Dias Name and degree of faculty chair: Bruce Bauer, DMiss Date completed: May 2016 In a little over 100 years, the Seventh-day Adventist Church in Brazil has grown to a membership of 1,447,470 (December 2013), becoming the country with the second highest total number of Adventists in the world. Very little academic research has been done to study or analyze the growth and development of the Adventist church in Brazil. -
Reformation Beginnings
UPON THIS ROCK A STUDY OF THE HISTORY OF CHRIST’S CHURCH UPON THIS ROCK A STUDY OF LESSON 6: THE HISTORY OF CHRIST’S REFORMATION CHURCH BEGINNINGS CAUTION: CHURCH HISTORY Robert Robinson (published 1792) “On the caution necessary to a reader of ecclesiastical history: It is an old observation, that of all history, ecclesiastical is the worst written. Such a history, beginning with Jesus, & proceeding through successive ages with His disciples, ought to exhibit bright example of virtue. It should show a succession of men contending (if contend they must) for something worth contending for. Instead of this, every century proceeds from worse to worse, each opening with deplorable scenes of all the ills that afflict society… CAUTION: CHURCH HISTORY Robert Robinson (published 1792) “Want of precision in ecclesiastical history is one chief cause of the gloom that involves the divine religion of Jesus, & while this confusion remains, a cheat is put on the reader, & a long time elapses ere he discovers that what had been given him for a history of good men, the very disciples of the Son of God, was a history of counterfeits, disciples of the world, & regulated only by the maxims of it. Ecclesiastical history may be so written as to serve the interests of parties while the disguise remains: But to serve the cause of truth & virtue at large the covering must be taken off, for either that or the cause must go to decay.” CAUTION: CHURCH HISTORY FW Mattox “From the beginning of the development of the Roman hierarchy there was opposition both to organization & to the changes which came about in doctrine. -
Christopher White Table of Contents
Christopher White Table of Contents Introduction .................................................................................................................................................. 4 Peter the “rock”? ...................................................................................................................................... 4 Churches change over time ...................................................................................................................... 6 The Church and her earthly pilgrimage .................................................................................................... 7 Chapter 1 The Apostle Peter (d. 64?) : First Bishop and Pope of Rome? .................................................. 11 Peter in Rome ......................................................................................................................................... 12 Yes and No .............................................................................................................................................. 13 The death of Peter .................................................................................................................................. 15 Chapter 2 Pope Sylvester (314-335): Constantine’s Pope ......................................................................... 16 Constantine and his imprint .................................................................................................................... 17 “Remembering” Sylvester ...................................................................................................................... -
The Development of Marian Doctrine As
INTERNATIONAL MARIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE UNIVERSITY OF DAYTON, OHIO in affiliation with the PONTIFICAL THEOLOGICAL FACULTY MARIANUM ROME, ITALY By: Elizabeth Marie Farley The Development of Marian Doctrine as Reflected in the Commentaries on the Wedding at Cana (John 2:1-5) by the Latin Fathers and Pastoral Theologians of the Church From the Fourth to the Seventeenth Century A Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctorate in Sacred Theology with specialization in Marian Studies Director: Rev. Bertrand Buby, S.M. Marian Library/International Marian Research Institute University of Dayton 300 College Park Dayton, OH 45469-1390 2013 i Copyright © 2013 by Elizabeth M. Farley All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America Nihil obstat: François Rossier, S.M., STD Vidimus et approbamus: Bertrand A. Buby S.M., STD – Director François Rossier, S.M., STD – Examinator Johann G. Roten S.M., PhD, STD – Examinator Thomas A. Thompson S.M., PhD – Examinator Elio M. Peretto, O.S.M. – Revisor Aristide M. Serra, O.S.M. – Revisor Daytonesis (USA), ex aedibus International Marian Research Institute, et Romae, ex aedibus Pontificiae Facultatis Theologicae Marianum, die 22 Augusti 2013. ii Dedication This Dissertation is Dedicated to: Father Bertrand Buby, S.M., The Faculty and Staff at The International Marian Research Institute, Father Jerome Young, O.S.B., Father Rory Pitstick, Joseph Sprug, Jerome Farley, my beloved husband, and All my family and friends iii Table of Contents Prėcis.................................................................................. xvii Guidelines........................................................................... xxiii Abbreviations...................................................................... xxv Chapter One: Purpose, Scope, Structure and Method 1.1 Introduction...................................................... 1 1.2 Purpose............................................................ -
Particular Laws of the Syro-Malabar Church Got Under Way Not Long After the Promulgation of the Code of Canons Statutes of the Superior Tribunal
front inside SYNODAL NEWS BULLETIN OF THE SYRO-MALABAR MAJOR ARCHIEPISCOPAL CHURCH BULLETIN OF THE SYRO-MALABAR MAJORARCHIEPISCOP AL CHURCH Vol. 11 No. 1 May 2003 EDITORIAL BOARD Mar George Punnakottil, Mar Jacob Manathodath, Mar Thomas Chakiath, Fr. James Kallumkal V.C. (Chief Editor) and Fr. Jose Porunnedom. INFORMATION FOR SUBSCRIBERS The present subscription rate of Synodal News is Rs.50 Per annum (Overseas US$ / Euro 15.00). In case you want to contact us for any reason please quote your subscription number. Please pay the subscription by Money Order or Demand Draft. On PARTICULAR LAWS technical reasons we don’t accept cheques. Normally two numbers of Synodal News are published in a year. OF THE SYRO-MALABAR CHURCH Back issues of SYNODAL NEWS are available at the following rates: Vol.1(1993), no.1, Rs.15/-; Vol.2 (1994), no. 1, Rs. 15/-(Vol.2, no.2, not available); Vol.3(1995), nos 1-3, Rs.45/-; Vol.4 (1996), nos.1&2, Rs.30/-; Vol.5 (1997), nos. 1 and 2, Rs. 50/-; Vol.6 (1998), nos. 1 and 2, Rs. 50/-; Vol.7 (1999), nos.1&2, Rs. 30/-; Vol.8 (2000), nos. 1 and 2, Rs. 50/-; Vol. 9 (2001), nos. 1&2, Rs. 30; Vol.10 (2002), no.1, Rs.15/- (postage extra). For further information please write to: Editor SYNODAL NEWS Mount St. Thomas Thrikkakara P.O. Kochi 682 021, India E-mail: [email protected] Published by the Syro-Malabar Major Archiepiscopal Curia Vol. 11 No. 1 May 2003 Mount St. Thomas, PB No. -
Waldensian Tour Guide
1 ii LUX LUCET EN TENEBRIS The words surrounding the lighted candle symbolize Christ’s message in Matthew 5:16, “Let your light so shine before men that they may see your good works and glorify your father who is in heaven.” The dark blue background represents the night sky and the spiritual dark- ness of the world. The seven gold stars represent the seven churches mentioned in the book of Revelation and suggest the apostolic origin of the Waldensian church. One oak tree branch and one laurel tree branch are tied together with a light blue ribbon to symbolize strength, hope, and the glory of God. The laurel wreath is “The Church Triumphant.” iii Fifth Edition: Copyright © 2017 Original Content: Kathleen M. Demsky Layout Redesign:Luis Rios First Edition Copyright © 2011 Published by: School or Architecture Andrews University, Berrien Springs, MI 49104 Compiled and written: Kathleen M. Demsky Layout and Design: Kathleen Demsky & David Otieno Credits: Concepts and ideas are derived from my extensive research on this history, having been adapted for this work. Special credit goes to “The Burning Bush” (Captain R. M. Stephens) and “Guide to the Trail of Faith” (Maxine McCall). Where there are direct quotes I have given credit. Web Sources: the information on the subjects of; Fortress Fenestrelle, Arch of Augustus, Fortress of Exhilles and La Reggia Veneria Reale ( Royal Palace of the Dukes of Savoy) have been adapted from GOOGLE searches. Please note that some years the venue will change. iv WALDENSIAN TOUR GUIDE Fifth EDITION BY KATHLEEN M. DEMSKY v Castelluzzo April 1655 Massacre and Surrounding Events, elevation 4450 ft The mighty Castelluzzo, Castle of Light, stands like a sentinel in the Waldensian Valleys, a sacred monument to the faith and sacrifice of a people who were willing to pay the ultimate price for their Lord and Savior. -
Chapter Twenty-Six
Chapter Twenty-six Religion and Religiosity after the Crusades The First Crusade was a great turning-point for western Christendom. An obvious consequence of the First Crusade was that many Catholics became aware that their lot in this earthly life left much to be desired: in Orthodox Christendom and in the Dar al-Islam people were better off than they were in Catholic Europe. This recognition led to material and economic improvements in western Europe and to a new kind of education, which in turn was followed by humanism and the Renaissance. By 1500 western Europe was a very different place than it had been four hundred years earlier, and considerably closer to modernity. This secular improvement will be the subject of the next chapter, but in this chapter we must take a close look at the religious upheaval with which it began. Militancy against Muslims was paralleled at home by a heightened religiosity. Ordinary Christians, who had long assumed that they would reach Heaven by following the lead of the Church and its clerical hierarchy, began taking upon themselves the responsibility for their souls‟ salvation. Thousands of Christians enlisted in new and demanding monastic orders, and thousands more left the Catholic church to join communities of devout but renegade Christians. Another aspect of the Christians‟ new religiosity was violence against the small Jewish communities in their midst, which until then had enjoyed relative security. Judaism was also infused with a new religious enthusiasm, as the mystical texts known as the Kabbalah made their appearance and quickly took their place alongside the Tanakh and the Talmud. -
The Idea of Medieval Heresy in Early Modern France
The Idea of Medieval Heresy in Early Modern France Bethany Hume PhD University of York History September 2019 2 Abstract This thesis responds to the historiographical focus on the trope of the Albigensians and Waldensians within sixteenth-century confessional polemic. It supports a shift away from the consideration of medieval heresy in early modern historical writing merely as literary topoi of the French Wars of Religion. Instead, it argues for a more detailed examination of the medieval heretical and inquisitorial sources used within seventeenth-century French intellectual culture and religious polemic. It does this by examining the context of the Doat Commission (1663-1670), which transcribed a collection of inquisition registers from Languedoc, 1235-44. Jean de Doat (c.1600-1683), President of the Chambre des Comptes of the parlement of Pau from 1646, was charged by royal commission to the south of France to copy documents of interest to the Crown. This thesis aims to explore the Doat Commission within the wider context of ideas on medieval heresy in seventeenth-century France. The periodization “medieval” is extremely broad and incorporates many forms of heresy throughout Europe. As such, the scope of this thesis surveys how thirteenth-century heretics, namely the Albigensians and Waldensians, were portrayed in historical narrative in the 1600s. The field of study that this thesis hopes to contribute to includes the growth of historical interest in medieval heresy and its repression, and the search for original sources by seventeenth-century savants. By exploring the ideas of medieval heresy espoused by different intellectual networks it becomes clear that early modern European thought on medieval heresy informed antiquarianism, historical writing, and ideas of justice and persecution, as well as shaping confessional identity. -
IV. the Wording and Meaning of the “Constitutum Constantini”
IV. The wording and meaning of the “Constitutum Constantini” Recollection plays base tricks with past reality; it reconstructs it and constantly creates it anew. This applies equally to individual and to collective memory. It changes its reference as and when it pleases. The reality of forgeries is not immune from such distortions, and once they have become the subject of memory they themselves can be forged and altered dramatically. So it was that memory altered the pseudo-Constantinian creation, and made of it something that it had never been; there was a substantial shift in the system of reference of cultural meaning. In order to demonstrate this we must leave behind the “Donation” and its monumental effects, and turn instead to its apparently harmless earlier history, that is to the actual text of the “Constitutum Constantini” and its origin. What did the forger originally write (and Pseudo-Isidore and the early manuscripts of the Decretum Gratiani preserve?) How was it to be understood? What effects did it have at the time? The original wording of the text takes us back to another age, to another society, to other memories of Rome, other discourses, other concepts and another understanding of the text. Once it had been made part of history the context, legal consequences and entire intention of Constantine’s donation changed. So what had Constantine, at the behest of the forger, ‘donated’? What did his curious decreti pagina, the figure of memory in the “Constitutum Constantini”, an- nounce? Once again we must remember that each memory is linked to its temporal context and to its needs. -
“The Poor Men of Lyon”
“THE POOR MEN OF LYON” A display prepared for the URC History Society Conference at Westminster College in June 2019 looked at some of the books about the Waldensians in the URCHS collections. In the 1170s, ‘Peter’ Waldo or Valdès (c.1140-c.1205) gave away all his possessions and formed the Poor Men of Lyon. Know by his name in the Provençal, Italian, or Latin forms, his followers were later known as the Vaudois, the Valdesi, and the Waldenses or Waldensians – but they referred to themselves as the Poor Men of Lyon, or the Brothers. A movement which was characterised by voluntary poverty, lay preaching, and literal interpretation of the Bible (which they translated into the vernacular), the Poor Men soon came into conflict with the Catholic Church, and were declared to be heretical in 1215. As they were persecuted in France, they moved deeper into the high Alpine valleys between France and Italy, into Piedmont. One of the earliest statements of faith for the movement is a Provençal poem dating from c.1200, entitled “La Nobla Leyczon” – in English, The Noble Lesson. During the Reformation, the Poor were hailed as early and faithful proponents of Protestant ideas – the poet John Milton (1608- 1674), writing a sonnet about the Piedmont Easter massacre in 1655, refers to them as ‘them who kept thy truth so pure of old”. Images reproduced with the permission of the United Reformed Church History Society map from ‘Narrative of an Excursion into the Mountains of Piemont’, by William Gilly (1825) (left) This map of 1825 shows the area of Savoy from which the Vaudois moved into Piedmont, in Northern Italy, and the three key valleys of Lucerna, San Martino, and Perosa.