"Contra Haereticos Accingantur": the Union of Crusading and Anti-Heresy Propaganda
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
The Apostolic Fathers with Justin Martyr and Irenaeus by Philip Schaff About ANF01
ANF01. The Apostolic Fathers with Justin Martyr and Irenaeus by Philip Schaff About ANF01. The Apostolic Fathers with Justin Martyr and Irenaeus by Philip Schaff Title: ANF01. The Apostolic Fathers with Justin Martyr and Irenaeus URL: http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/anf01.html Author(s): Schaff, Philip (1819-1893) Publisher: Grand Rapids, MI: Christian Classics Ethereal Library Description: The Ante-Nicene Christian library is meant to comprise translations into English of all the extant works of the Fathers down to the date of the first General Council held at Nice in A.D. 325. The sole provisional exception is that of the more bulky writings of Origen. It is intended at present only to embrace in the scheme the Contra Celsum and the De Principiis of that voluminous author; but the whole of his works will be included should the undertaking prove successful. Publication History: Text edited by Rev. Alexander Roberts and James Donaldson and first published in Edinburgh, 1867. Additional introductionary material and notes provided for the American edition by A. Cleveland Coxe 1886. Print Basis: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, reprint 2001 Source: Logos Research Systems, Inc. Rights: Public Domain Date Created: 2002-10 Status: Proof reading, ThML markup and subject index for Version 3.0 by Timothy Lanfear General Comments: Hebrew and Greek were checked against page scans of the 1995 Hendrickson reprint by SLK; errors in the hard copy have not been corrected in this digitized text. Contributor(s): Timothy Lanfear (Markup) CCEL Subjects: All; Early Church; Classic; Proofed; LC Call no: BR60 LC Subjects: Christianity Early Christian Literature. -
Holy Wars: the Origins and Effects of the Crusades
HOLY WARS: THE ORIGINS AND EFFECTS OF THE CRUSADES HELEN STEELE In the late 11th century, circumstances converged to This culminated in the Investiture Controversy which create the Crusades, the series of military expeditions to made relations between pope Gregory VII and Henry IV so fight the armies of Islam in the Holy Land. Papal interest poor that Gregory excommunicated the Emperor. In the in expanding the influence of the Vatican in secular light of these problems and the continuing furore over the matters in Western Europe and in gaining influence in the reforms of the church he had encouraged, Gregory was Eastern Roman Empire caused first Gregory VII then unable to persuade the nobility of Europe to go on Urban II to call for crusades against the moslems. In a Crusade, although he did try. In 1074, he wrote: “a pagan society wracked with violence, the possibility of sending race [has] overcome the Christians and with horrible restless landless knights to fight for the Cross – and for cruelty had devastated everything almost to the walls of precious land – in the East, seemed an extra benefit. Constantinople […] If we love God and wish to be Individual reasons for crusading varied: deep piety, recognized as Christians, […] we should lay down our military adventurism, the lure of absolution and desire to lives to liberate them” (Thatcher, “Gregory VII”). Gregory appease the church all seemed to be factors; as the was a great inspiration to the next pope Urban II and crusades passed, the intent of many of the crusaders doubtless Urban was thinking of his mentor when he became more secular and less pious and this culminated in devised his own call for a crusade. -
Cathar Or Catholic: Treading the Line Between Popular Piety and Heresy in Occitania, 1022-1271
Cathar or Catholic: Treading the line between popular piety and heresy in Occitania, 1022-1271. Master’s Thesis Presented to The Faculty of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Brandeis University Department of History William Kapelle, Advisor In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Master’s Degree by Elizabeth Jensen May 2013 Copyright by Elizabeth Jensen © 2013 ABSTRACT Cathar or Catholic: Treading the line between popular piety and heresy in Occitania, 1022-1271. A thesis presented to the Department of History Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Brandeis University Waltham, Massachusetts By Elizabeth Jensen The Occitanian Cathars were among the most successful heretics in medieval Europe. In order to combat this heresy the Catholic Church ordered preaching campaigns, passed ecclesiastic legislation, called for a crusade and eventually turned to the new mechanism of the Inquisition. Understanding why the Cathars were so popular in Occitania and why the defeat of this heresy required so many different mechanisms entails exploring the development of Occitanian culture and the wider world of religious reform and enthusiasm. This paper will explain the origins of popular piety and religious reform in medieval Europe before focusing in on two specific movements, the Patarenes and Henry of Lausanne, the first of which became an acceptable form of reform while the other remained a heretic. This will lead to a specific description of the situation in Occitania and the attempts to eradicate the Cathars with special attention focused on the way in which Occitanian culture fostered the growth of Catharism. In short, Catharism filled the need that existed in the people of Occitania for a reformed religious experience. -
An Analysis of Adventist Mission Methods in Brazil in Relationship to a Christian Movement Ethos
Andrews University Digital Commons @ Andrews University Dissertations Graduate Research 2016 An Analysis of Adventist Mission Methods in Brazil in Relationship to a Christian Movement Ethos Marcelo Eduardo da Costa Dias Andrews University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.andrews.edu/dissertations Part of the Missions and World Christianity Commons Recommended Citation Costa Dias, Marcelo Eduardo da, "An Analysis of Adventist Mission Methods in Brazil in Relationship to a Christian Movement Ethos" (2016). Dissertations. 1598. https://digitalcommons.andrews.edu/dissertations/1598 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate Research at Digital Commons @ Andrews University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Andrews University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ABSTRACT AN ANALYSIS OF ADVENTIST MISSION METHODS IN BRAZIL IN RELATIONSHIP TO A CHRISTIAN MOVEMENT ETHOS by Marcelo E. C. Dias Adviser: Bruce Bauer ABSTRACT OF GRADUATE RESEARCH Dissertation Andrews University Seventh-day Adventist Theological Seminary Title: AN ANALYSIS OF ADVENTIST MISSION METHODS IN BRAZIL IN RELATIONSHIP TO A CHRISTIAN MOVEMENT ETHOS Name of researcher: Marcelo E. C. Dias Name and degree of faculty chair: Bruce Bauer, DMiss Date completed: May 2016 In a little over 100 years, the Seventh-day Adventist Church in Brazil has grown to a membership of 1,447,470 (December 2013), becoming the country with the second highest total number of Adventists in the world. Very little academic research has been done to study or analyze the growth and development of the Adventist church in Brazil. -
World History Chapter 9 Study Guide 9-1 1100-1199 Political History 1
Name:________________________________________ Date:____________________ Period:__________ World History Chapter 9 Study Guide 9-1 1100-1199 Political History 1. Which century corresponds with the years 1100-1199? 2. What Catholic military order was founded in 1119, and were among the most skilled fighting units of the Crusades, and grew rapidly in membership and power? 3. Who was the king of England from 1100 to 1135, and seized the English throne when his brother died in a hunting accident in 1100, and was considered a harsh but effective ruler, and died without a surviving male heir to the throne? 4. Who was king of England from 1135 to 1154, and his reign was marked by a civil war with his cousin and rival, the Empress Matilda, and was succeeded by her son upon his death in 1154? 5. What civil war in England and Normandy took place between 1135 and 1153, and resulted in a widespread breakdown of law and order? 6. What medieval state existed in northwest Italy from 1115 to 1532? 7. What monarchy on the Iberian Peninsula existed from 1139 to 1910? 8. What major campaign launched from Europe to reclaim the County of Edessa from Muslim forces from 1147 to 1149? 9. Who was the Holy Roman Emperor from 1155 to 1190, and challenged papal authority and sought to establish German dominance in Western Europe, and died in Asia Minor while leading an army in the Third Crusade, and is considered one of the greatest medieval emperors? 10. Who ruled as king of England from 1154 to 1189, and controlled England, large parts of Wales, the eastern half of Ireland, and the western half of France—an area that would later come to be called the Angevin Empire? 11. -
Salutare Animas Nostras: the Ideologies Behind the Foundation of the Templars
SALUTARE ANIMAS NOSTRAS: THE IDEOLOGIES BEHIND THE FOUNDATION OF THE TEMPLARS A THESIS PRESENTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY, HUMANITIES, PHILOSOPHY, AND POLITICAL SCIENCE IN CANDIDACY FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS By Rev. Fr. Thomas Bailey, OSB NORTHWEST MISSOURI STATE UNIVERSITY MARYVILLE, MISSOURI MAY 2012 Salutare Animas Nostras 1 Running Head: SALUTARE ANIMAS NOSTRAS Salutare Animas Nostras: The Ideologies Behind the Foundation of the Templars Rev. Fr. Thomas Bailey, OSB Northwest Missouri State University THESIS APPROVED Thesis Advisor Date Dean of Graduate School Date Salutare Animas Nostras 2 Abstract From beginning to end, the Knights Templar were a mysterious order. Little is known of their origins, and most of their records were destroyed during the suppression in the fourteenth century. In addition, they combined seemingly incompatible objectives: warriors and monks, as well as laity and clergy. This study bridges those divides, providing the historical developments from a secular and religious context. To understand the Templars’ foundation, it needs to be based on a premise that combines the ideologies of the priestly and knightly classes–salvation and the means to attain it. The conclusions were drawn following a multi-disciplinary approach. The primary source materials included the Hebrew and Christian Scriptures, patristic authors, medieval literature, canon law, the Templars’ rules, in addition to monastic cartularies and chronicles. The secondary sources were a similar collection from various disciplines. The approach allowed for the examination of the Templars from multiple angles, which helped to highlight their diversified origins. The Knights Templar were the product of a long evolution beginning with the Pauline imagery of the Christian as a soldier battling his/her own spiritual demons and continuing through the call for a crusade to defend the Patrimony of Christ. -
Reformation Beginnings
UPON THIS ROCK A STUDY OF THE HISTORY OF CHRIST’S CHURCH UPON THIS ROCK A STUDY OF LESSON 6: THE HISTORY OF CHRIST’S REFORMATION CHURCH BEGINNINGS CAUTION: CHURCH HISTORY Robert Robinson (published 1792) “On the caution necessary to a reader of ecclesiastical history: It is an old observation, that of all history, ecclesiastical is the worst written. Such a history, beginning with Jesus, & proceeding through successive ages with His disciples, ought to exhibit bright example of virtue. It should show a succession of men contending (if contend they must) for something worth contending for. Instead of this, every century proceeds from worse to worse, each opening with deplorable scenes of all the ills that afflict society… CAUTION: CHURCH HISTORY Robert Robinson (published 1792) “Want of precision in ecclesiastical history is one chief cause of the gloom that involves the divine religion of Jesus, & while this confusion remains, a cheat is put on the reader, & a long time elapses ere he discovers that what had been given him for a history of good men, the very disciples of the Son of God, was a history of counterfeits, disciples of the world, & regulated only by the maxims of it. Ecclesiastical history may be so written as to serve the interests of parties while the disguise remains: But to serve the cause of truth & virtue at large the covering must be taken off, for either that or the cause must go to decay.” CAUTION: CHURCH HISTORY FW Mattox “From the beginning of the development of the Roman hierarchy there was opposition both to organization & to the changes which came about in doctrine. -
GNOSIS and NAG HAMMADI Anne Mcguire
12 GNOSIS AND NAG HAMMADI Anne McGuire Introduction Introductory remarks on “gnosis” and “Gnosticism” “Gnosticism” is a modern European term that !rst appears in the seventeenth-century writings of Cambridge Platonist Henry More (1614–87). For More, “Gnosticism” designates one of the earliest Christian heresies, connected to controversies addressed in Revelation 2:18–29 and in his own day.1 The term “gnosis,” on the other hand, is one of several ancient Greek nouns for “knowledge,” speci!cally experiential or esoteric knowledge based on direct experience, which can be distinguished from mere perception, understanding, or skill. For Plato and other ancient thinkers, “gnosis” refers to that knowledge which enables perception of the underlying structures of reality, Being itself, or the divine.2 Such gnosis was valued highly in many early Christian communities,3 yet the claims of some early Christians to possess gnosis came under suspicion and critique in the post-Pauline letter of 1 Timothy, which urges its readers to “avoid the profane chatter and contradictions of falsely so-called gnosis.”4 With this began the polemical contrast between “false gnosis” and “true faith.” It is this polemical sense of “false gnosis” that Bishop Irenaeus of Lyons took up in the title of his major anti-heretical work: Refutation and Overthrow of Falsely So-Called Gnosis, or Against Heresies, written c. "# 180.5 Irenaeus used 1 Timothy’s phrase not only to designate his opponents’ gnosis as false, but, even more important, to construct a broad category of -
Nag Hammadi Codex II in Its Fourth
2 CONTENTS LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS . 5 ABSTRACT . 8 DECLARATION AND COPYRIGHT STATEMENT . 9 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . 10 1. INTRODUCTION . 11 The Nag Hammadi Codices after ‘Gnosticism’. 11 Order and Themes: Alternative Scripture? . 15 Pachomian Ownership? Arguments from Codicology . 21 Ideological Affinity? . 29 Introducing the Pachomian Sources . 29 Pachomian Ideology and Practice . 35 2. THE APOCRYPHON OF JOHN AS A THEMATIC PROLOGUE . 45 The Significance and Prominence of the Apocryphon of John . 45 The Narrative . 48 Sexual Complexity: Asceticism and Anti-Feminism? . 62 Carnal Union and Spiritual Unity . 64 Feminine Wiles: The Placement of Sexual Desire in Codex II . 67 Sex: Despicable or Distorted? . 72 Knowledge Revealed and Preserved . 77 The Struggle of the Soul . 79 3 3. ETHICS AND PRACTICE: ATTITUDES TOWARDS THE BODY, THE WORLD, AND OTHERS IN THE GOSPELS OF THOMAS AND PHILIP . 83 Defining ‘Asceticism’ . 83 The Gospel of Thomas . 86 Origins of the Text and the ‘Ascetic’ Argument . 86 The Counter Debate . 89 A More Nuanced Position? . 92 The Gospel of Philip . 108 Metaphorical Marriage? The Bridal Chamber . 108 ‘Appropriate’ Sexuality . 114 Social Responsibility and Attitudes towards Other Christians . 127 4. THE DEMISE OF COSMIC THREAT AND REWARD FOR THE DEVOTED: THE HYPOSTASIS OF THE ARCHONS AND ON THE ORIGIN OF THE WORLD . 135 The Consequences of Earthly Actions . 135 The Hypostasis of the Archons . 138 Making a Mockery of Malice . 145 Sexuality: The Roles of Eve and Norea . 156 Reinterpreting the ‘Chosen Generation’ . 161 On the Origin of the World . 164 Eschatology Cosmic and Individual . 164 5. UNDERSTANDING AND LIBERATING THE SOUL: THE EXEGESIS ON THE SOUL AND THE BOOK OF THOMAS THE CONTENDER . -
A New Fantasy of Crusade : Sarras in the Vulgate Cycle. Christopher Michael Herde University of Louisville
University of Louisville ThinkIR: The University of Louisville's Institutional Repository Electronic Theses and Dissertations 5-2019 A new fantasy of crusade : Sarras in the vulgate cycle. Christopher Michael Herde University of Louisville Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.library.louisville.edu/etd Part of the Arts and Humanities Commons Recommended Citation Herde, Christopher Michael, "A new fantasy of crusade : Sarras in the vulgate cycle." (2019). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. Paper 3226. https://doi.org/10.18297/etd/3226 This Master's Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by ThinkIR: The nivU ersity of Louisville's Institutional Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ThinkIR: The nivU ersity of Louisville's Institutional Repository. This title appears here courtesy of the author, who has retained all other copyrights. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A NEW FANTASY OF CRUSADE: SARRAS IN THE VULGATE CYCLE By Christopher Michael Herde B.A., University of Louisville, 2016 A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the College of Arts and Sciences of the University of Louisville in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in History Department of History University of Louisville Louisville, Kentucky May 2019 Copyright 2019 by Christopher Michael Herde All Rights Reserved A NEW FANTASY OF CRUSADE: SARRAS IN THE VUGLATE CYCLE By Christopher Michael Herde B.A., University of -
Concept of a Crusade Within Each Faith in an Attempt to Ascertain the Roots of the Actions of Christian and Muslim Crusades
InSight: RIVIER ACADEMIC JOURNAL, VOLUME 5, NUMBER 2, FALL 2009 CONCEPT OF A CRUSAID Thomas Jackson* Master of Arts in Teaching Social Studies Program, Rivier College Keywords: Crusades, Islam, Pope, Warfare, Christianity Abstract Mention the word Crusade and depending on who is listening, the word's meaning and cultural impact varies significantly. Specifically, the Medieval Crusades, often traditionally defined by historians as offensive military campaigns waged by Christians to recapture the Holy Land from Muslims are held out as an example of western exploitation of Islam. Much work by authors such as John M. Riddle and Jonathan Riley-Smith has highlighted the historical events but has not considered the possibility these Crusades were defensive actions to counter previous Islamic advances into Christian territories. This paper will first examine the origins of Christianity and Islam, their spread, and the general concept of a Crusade within each faith in an attempt to ascertain the roots of the actions of Christian and Muslim Crusades. There will be an examination of the early Islamic advances into the Christian Levant. The work will assess the 1094 call for help by Byzantine Emperor Alexius Comnenus I to thwart the Seljuk Muslim invaders. The paper will also examine the abhorrent Western European behavior during the Crusades. Finally, in a thoughtful postmortem analysis, the case will made that if the Crusades were not undertaken, Europe and its culture that we know today may not have existed. Introduction Mention the word Crusades and depending on who you converse with, the word's connotation and historical impact varies significantly with Christians and Muslims often holding diametrically opposing views. -
Chapter Twenty-Six
Chapter Twenty-six Religion and Religiosity after the Crusades The First Crusade was a great turning-point for western Christendom. An obvious consequence of the First Crusade was that many Catholics became aware that their lot in this earthly life left much to be desired: in Orthodox Christendom and in the Dar al-Islam people were better off than they were in Catholic Europe. This recognition led to material and economic improvements in western Europe and to a new kind of education, which in turn was followed by humanism and the Renaissance. By 1500 western Europe was a very different place than it had been four hundred years earlier, and considerably closer to modernity. This secular improvement will be the subject of the next chapter, but in this chapter we must take a close look at the religious upheaval with which it began. Militancy against Muslims was paralleled at home by a heightened religiosity. Ordinary Christians, who had long assumed that they would reach Heaven by following the lead of the Church and its clerical hierarchy, began taking upon themselves the responsibility for their souls‟ salvation. Thousands of Christians enlisted in new and demanding monastic orders, and thousands more left the Catholic church to join communities of devout but renegade Christians. Another aspect of the Christians‟ new religiosity was violence against the small Jewish communities in their midst, which until then had enjoyed relative security. Judaism was also infused with a new religious enthusiasm, as the mystical texts known as the Kabbalah made their appearance and quickly took their place alongside the Tanakh and the Talmud.