UPON THIS ROCK

A STUDY OF THE HISTORY OF CHRIST’S CHURCH UPON THIS ROCK

A STUDY OF LESSON 6: THE HISTORY OF CHRIST’S CHURCH BEGINNINGS CAUTION: CHURCH HISTORY

Robert Robinson (published 1792) “On the caution necessary to a reader of ecclesiastical history: It is an old observation, that of all history, ecclesiastical is the worst written. Such a history, beginning with Jesus, & proceeding through successive ages with His disciples, ought to exhibit bright example of virtue. It should show a succession of men contending (if contend they must) for something worth contending for. Instead of this, every century proceeds from worse to worse, each opening with deplorable scenes of all the ills that afflict society… CAUTION: CHURCH HISTORY

Robert Robinson (published 1792) “Want of precision in ecclesiastical history is one chief cause of the gloom that involves the divine religion of Jesus, & while this confusion remains, a cheat is put on the reader, & a long time elapses ere he discovers that what had been given him for a history of good men, the very disciples of the Son of God, was a history of counterfeits, disciples of the world, & regulated only by the maxims of it. Ecclesiastical history may be so written as to serve the interests of parties while the disguise remains: But to serve the cause of truth & virtue at large the covering must be taken off, for either that or the cause must go to decay.” CAUTION: CHURCH HISTORY

FW Mattox “From the beginning of the development of the Roman hierarchy there was opposition both to organization & to the changes which came about in doctrine. Information concerning these groups in opposition to the developing hierarchy is very brief due to the fact that these groups were considered heretical by the hierarchy, &, accordingly, records concerning them were not preserved. What information we do have comes almost entirely from the Catholics who preserved their history & refers to the groups only in discussing their efforts to keep the church free from ‘heresy’.”

EARLY “REFORMATION” EFFORTS

Hippolytus (170-235) - Opposed growing arrogance of Roman - Planted new congregation in as further opposition - Interestingly, Catholics later canonized him as a saint

Donatus (313-355) - Early bishop of Carthage - Objected numerous practices; pled for pure & holy church - Objected to who surrendered scriptures to be burned under Diocletian’s persecution - Believed they constituted the true church of Christ EARLY “REFORMATION” EFFORTS

Hippolytus (170-235) Donatus (313-355) Pelagius (360-418) - From Briton; called a heretic by Council of Carthage (418) because he defended free will. - Taught believers’ by immersion for remission of actual sins (not inherited sins) - Opposed - Defended scripture EARLY “REFORMATION” EFFORTS

Hippolytus (170-235) - Scripture as only authority; claimed to be the day’s only true Donatus (313-355) Christians; lived puritanical lives; Pelagius (360-418) read Scripture aloud & ate Lord’s Supper at every service; rejected infant baptism, baptizing only Catharists (9th cent.) believers; had no creed - Accused of some Gnostic ideas & teaching marriage as being from the devil - In local & more restricted areas they were called Arnoldians, Petrobrusians, Albigenses, Waldenses.

EARLY “REFORMATION” EFFORTS

- Attacked church’s worldliness & (170-235) Hippolytus advocated radical reforms such as Donatus (313-355) life of poverty for clergy & Pelagius (360-418) abandonment of wealth & temporal power by the church - Rejected confessing sins to priest Catharists (9th Century) - Condemned in 1139 by 2nd Lateran Council; Innocent II Arnold of ordered him to be exiled & his (1100-1155) books to be burned.

- Escaped arrest; briefly taught in until expelled by French

royal powers; traveled in Switzerland & Bohemia till achieved reconciliation with Eugene III & returned to Italy - Headed political group that set up republic & exiled Eugene III EARLY “REFORMATION” EFFORTS

- Attacked church’s worldliness & (170-235) Hippolytus advocated radical reforms such as Donatus (313-355) life of poverty for clergy & Pelagius (360-418) abandonment of wealth & temporal power by the church - Rejected confessing sins to priest Catharists (9th Century) - Condemned in 1139 by 2nd Lateran Council; Innocent II Arnold of Brescia ordered him to be exiled & his (1100-1155) books to be burned.

- EscapedHeaded city arrest;-state briefly as of taught1146; continued in Paris until to head expelled after by French

royalexcommunicated powers; traveled in Switzerland & Bohemia till achieved - reconciliationRemained in Rome with Popeuntil Eugene1155, when III &Adrian returned IV banished to Italy him - HeadedCaptured political by Frederick group Ithat & hanged set up asrepublic political & exiledrebel. Eugene III EARLY “REFORMATION” EFFORTS

- Took NT as his guide; preached 20 (170-235) Hippolytus years before executed in 1130 Donatus (313-355) - Great crowds of followers tore Pelagius (360-418) down altars & images in church buildings. Gathered up wooden crucifixes on a Good Friday, built a Catharists (9th Century) fire, & cooked meat to show contempt for regulations against Arnold of Brescia (1100- eating meat on that day. 1155) - Clerical marriage; simple worship Peter of Bruys (~1100) - Burnt alive at St Giles, by locals who disliked his teaching - Followers derogitorily called “Petrobrusians” EARLY “REFORMATION” EFFORTS

Hippolytus (170-235) - (Valdes) was a Lyons merchant; appealed to Donatus (313-355) Scripture in opposing Roman Pelagius (360-418) practices - Persuaded monks to translate NT & certain early Catharists (9th Century) into French - Organized small group of men to Arnold of Brescia (1100- study & travel preaching; 1155) forfeited all property & preached Peter of Bruys (~1100) without purse or possessions to oppose the rich & corrupt clergy: Peter Waldo (~1160) “poor men of Lyons” - Followers derogitorily called “Waldenses” or “” EARLY “REFORMATION” EFFORTS

Hippolytus (170-235) - - PeterSought Waldo papal (Valdes) recognition was a for his Lyonsfellowship, merchant; but in appealed 1184 he towas Donatus (313-355) Scriptureexcommunicated in opposing for Rheresyoman Pelagius (360-418) - practicesPromoted religious discipline & - Persuadedmoral rigor, monks were to critical translate of NT &unworthy certain early clergy church & church fathers Catharists (9th Century) intoabuses, French & rejected taking of - Organizedhuman life small for anygroup reason of men to Arnold of Brescia (1100- - study1208 & – travel crusade preaching; authorized fofeited 1155) allagainst property Waldenses & preached & other without Peter of Bruys (~1100) pursegroups or possessions(Albigenses) to in oppose southern theFrance. rich & After corrupt 80 clergy:burned “poor at Peter Waldo (~1160) menStrasbourg of Lyons” in 1211, most moved - Followersto Alpine derogitorily valleys in North called Italy “Waldenses” or “Waldensians” EARLY “REFORMATION” EFFORTS

Hippolytus (170-235) - Arose in S. France about 1170 - Opposed traditions as religious Donatus (313-355) authority, purgatory, image Pelagius (360-418) worship; recognized authority of the NT & circulated it to extent of their ability. Catharists (9th Century) - Effeciently organized: bishops & clergy supported by local nobility Arnold of Brescia (1100-- Accused of adhering to strict 1155) dualism, resulting in condemning Peter of Bruys (~1100) marriage & sex; forbidding meat, milk, eggs, etc Peter Waldo (~1160) - Church countermeasures were Albigenses (~1170) futile (preach; conciliar decrees)

EARLY “REFORMATION” EFFORTS

Hippolytus (170-235) - - AroseAfter in assassination S. France about of a 1170papal - Opposedlegate in traditions territory ofas Countreligious Donatus (313-355) authority,Raymond purgatory, of Toulouse, image Pope Pelagius (360-418) worship;Innocent recognized III called authorityfor a crusade of thethat NT became & circulated the Albigensian it to extent of theirwars ability. (1209 -1229) Catharists (9th Century) - - EffecientlyCity of Beziers organized: – 23,000 bishops slain & clergyindescriminately, supported by also local Catholics: nobility Arnold of Brescia (1100-- Accused“Kill them of adhering all, the Lord to strict knoweth 1155) dualism,them that resulting are His.” in condemning Peter of Bruys (~1100) - marriageConservative & sex; estimates forbidding state meat, milk,that milk,2/3 of eggs, Southern etc France Peter Waldo (~1160) - Churchwere killed countermeasures to wipe out were Albigenses (~1170) futileAlbigenses (preach; conciliar decrees)

EARLY “REFORMATION” EFFORTS

Hippolytus- English philosopher (170-235)-theologian; William of Occam advocated idea that Bible is only Donatusinfallible (313 source-355) of religious (1280-1349) Pelagiusauthority (360 -418) - 1324 – 4 years after writing a commentary on the Sentences of CatharistsPeter Lombard, (9th Century) he was called to papal court at Avignon & tried for Arnoldheresy; of no Brescia verdict was (1100 reached- - 1155)1328 – fled Avignon to pope’s Peterenemy, of BruysHoly Roman (~1100) Emporer Louis IV: “Defend me with your Petersword Waldo & I will (~1160) defend you with Albigensesmy pen.” (~1170)

EARLY “REFORMATION” EFFORTS

Hippolytus- - EnglishAt Louis’ philosopher court (170 -in235) Munich,-theologian; William of Occam advocatedOccam wrote idea politicalthat Bible words is only on Donatusinfalliblepapal power (313 source-355) & ofthe religious state (1280-1349) Pelagius- authorityTaught (360 that - pope418) is fallible & a - 1324general – 4 yearscouncil after has writing higher a commentaryauthority than on thethe Sentencespope of Catharists- PeterCalled Lombard, the (9 greatestth Century) he was logician called of to papalthe Middle court at Ages Avignon & tried for Arnold- heresy;Concluded of no Brescia verdict the ultimate was (1100 reached source- - 1155)1328of value – fled & Avignonobligation to laypope’s solely Peterenemy,in God’sof BruysHoly free Roman will. (~1100) Human Emporer act Louiswas eitherIV: “Defend right or me wrong with yourbased Peterswordon Waldo whether & I will God(~1160) defend commanded you with or Albigensesmyforbade pen.” it. (~1170)

EARLY “REFORMATION” EFFORTS

Hippolytus- English by birth; (170- 235)Oxford graduate - ‘Morning Star of the Reformation’ William of Occam Donatus- Translated (313 the-355) Bible into English (1280-1349) Pelagius- Taught scripture(360-418) as only religious John Wycliffe authority & rule of conduct (1324-1384) - Renounced papal authority, relics, “…the is of Catharistsimages, Latin (9th in Century) services, private masses, recognition of festivals, full authority, & open to the Arnoldtransubstantiation, of Brescia extreme(1100- understanding of simple 1155)unction, & auricular confession; men, as to the points that be most needful to Petercalled of indulgences Bruys (~1100) & the blasphemous, & rejected the salvation.” Peterdoctrine Waldo of purgatory (~1160) Albigenses- 2 classes of (~1170)offices: elder/deacon - Called the pope anti-Christ

EARLY “REFORMATION” EFFORTS

Hippolytus- - EnglishAttacked by rightsbirth; (170- 235)Oxfordclaimed graduate by the William of Occam - ‘Morningchurch, callingStar of forthe reformationReformation’ Donatus- Translatedof its wealth, (313 the-355) corruption,Bible into English & (1280-1349) Pelagius- Taughtabuses. scripture(360 -418) as only religious John Wycliffe - authoritySaw king & as rule legitimate of conduct authority (1324-1384) - Renouncedfor church papal purification authority, relics, “…the New Testament is of - images,Though Latin tenth conclusionsin services, privatefrom his Catharists (9 Century) full authority, & open to the masses,writings recognition were condemned of festivals, in understanding of simple Arnoldtransubstantiation,1382, of Wycliffe Brescia was extreme (1100never- tried men, as to the points that 1155)unction,nor condemned & auricular in hisconfession; lifetime be most needful to - calledLeft Oxfordindulgences in 1382 & the interdict Peter of Bruys (~1100) salvation.” - blasphemous,Condemned by& rejected Council theof PeterdoctrineConstance Waldo of purgatory (May (~1160) 4, 1415), Albigenses- 2 exhumedclasses of &(~1170)offices: burned elder/deacon - Called the pope anti-Christ EARLY “REFORMATION” EFFORTS

Hippolytus- From Prague; (170 powerful,-235) popular preacher William of Occam Donatus- Influenced (313 by-355) Wycliffe’s writings (1280-1349) Pelagius- “John the (360 Baptist-418) of the John Wycliffe Reformation” (1324-1384) - Allegedly held to predestination John Huss (1373- Catharists- Exalted Scripture (9th Century) over tradition & human dogma; opposed clergy 1415) Arnoldtyranny; of renouncedBrescia (1100indulgences- - 1155)Rejected image worship, auricular Peterconfession, of Bruys multiplication (~1100) of rites, clergy fees for sacraments “To rebel against an erring Peter- Declared Waldo Christ, (~1160) not pope, as head pope is to obey Christ.” Albigensesof the church; (~1170) Bible, not pope, as Christian’s guide

EARLY “REFORMATION” EFFORTS

Hippolytus- - FromPromised Prague; safety(170 powerful,-235) by Emperor popular preacherSisimund if he would attend William of Occam Donatus- InfluencedCouncil (313 of by C-355) oWycliffe’snstance; treated writings (1280-1349) Pelagius- “Johncourteously the (360 Baptist- &418) left of free the upon John Wycliffe Reformation”arrival, but soon imprisoned & (1324-1384) - Allegedlybecame gravelyheld to predestinationill from abuse. John Huss (1373- Catharists- - ExaltedAgreed Scripture to (9 recantth Century) over any positiontradition & humanwhich dogma;could be opposed shown was clergy in 1415) Arnoldtyranny;violation of renouncedBrescia of Scripture: (1100indulgences “The- - 1155)Rejectedcouncil imageargued worship, that Scriptures auricular Peterconfession,must of beBruys interpreted multiplication (~1100) not by of therites, clergyfree judgment fees for sacraments of individuals but “To rebel against an erring Peter- Declaredby Waldothe heads Christ, (~1160) of notthe pope,Church...” as head pope is to obey Christ.” Albigenses- ofBurned the church; at (~1170) stake Bible, July not 6, pope,1415 as Christian’s guide

EARLY “REFORMATION” EFFORTS

Hippolytus- Generally identified (170-235) as dissenting followers of Luther & Zwingli William of Occam Donatus- “Ana” means (313- 355)‘another’ or ‘again’; (1280-1349) Pelagius“Anabaptist” (360 -=418) “baptized again” John Wycliffe (1324- - Generally believed the church 1384) consisted of believers only, John Huss (1373-1415) Catharistsrejected infant (9th Century)baptism, put church membership on basis of Anabaptists (after Arnold of Brescia (1100- personal faith & conscious 1517?) 1155)submission to Christ in baptism Peter- Disagreed of Bruys among (~1100) themselves on the method of practicing baptism. Peter- “Some Waldo of them (~1160) were very close to Albigensesthe New Testament (~1170) pattern while others were extremely radical.”

EARLY “REFORMATION” EFFORTS

Hippolytus- - GenerallySome were identified (170 very-235) radical as dissenting & settled followersin Munster, of Luther Germany, & Zwingli claiming William of Occam Donatus- “Ana”it would means (313 be - Christ’s355)‘another’ or ‘again’; (1280-1349) Pelagius“Anabaptist”headquarters (360 -=418) “baptizedat His return; again” John Wycliffe (1324- - Generallyincurred believedwrath of theCatholics church & 1384) consistedProtestants, of believers placing only,the city John Huss (1373-1415) Catharistsrejectedunder siegeinfant (9th Century)baptism, put - churchA traitor membership helped attackers on basis to of Anabaptists (after Arnold of Brescia (1100- personalenter the faith city; & the conscious 800 still 1517?) 1155)submissionbearing arms to Christ were promisedin baptism Peter- Disagreedsafety of Bruysif they among surrendered; (~1100) themselves they on thewere method massacred of practicing immediately baptism. Peter- “Someupon Waldo oftheir them surrender. (~1160) were very close to Albigensesthe New Testament (~1170) pattern while others were extremely radical.”

EARLY “REFORMATION” EFFORTS

Hippolytus- - Generally- SomeMeno were Simons,identified (170 very-235) radicala Catholicas dissenting & settled followersinpriest Munster, ofin Lutherthe Germany, Netherlands, & Zwingli claiming William of Occam Donatus- “Ana”it studiedwould means (313 be & - Christ’s355)‘another’adopted Anabaptist or ‘again’; (1280-1349) Pelagius“Anabaptist”headquartersviews (360 & later -=418) “baptizedat became His return; aagain” leader John Wycliffe (1324- - Generallyincurredamong believed wraththem of theCatholics church & 1384) consisted- Protestants,Called ofselves believers placing “Brethren” only,the city John Huss (1373-1415) Catharistsrejectedunderbecause siegeinfant (9 ‘Anabaptist’th Century)baptism, putwas - churchA derisivetraitor membership helped attackers on basis to of Anabaptists (after Arnold of Brescia (1100- personal- enterFrom the faiththe city; Anabaptists & the conscious 800 still came 1517?) 1155)submissionbearing Mennonites, arms to Christ were Quakers, promisedin baptism Peter- Disagreedsafety Dunkardsof Bruysif they among, &surrendered; (~1100) Baptists themselves (no they on thewere “Ana”method massacred for of later practicing immediatelygenerations baptism. not Peter- “Someupon baptizedWaldo oftheir them insurrender. (~1160) infancy)were very close to Albigensesthe New Testament (~1170) pattern while others were extremely radical.”

EARLY “REFORMATION” EFFORTS

Hippolytus (170-235)Other ExamplesWilliam of Occam Donatus (313John-355) Wessel (Wessel Harmensz(1280- 1349) Pelagius (360Gansfort)-418) in the NetherlandsJohn (1420Wycliffe- (1324- 1498) 1384)

John Huss (1373-1415) CatharistsGirolamo (9th Century) Savonarola in Florence, Italy (1452-1498) Anabaptists (after Arnold of Brescia (1100- 1517?) 1155) Ximenes in Spain (Jimenez) (1436- Peter of Bruys1517) (~1100)

Peter Waldo (~1160) Erasmus of Rotterdam (Desiderius Albigenses (~1170)Erasmus Roterdamus) (1466-1536)

EARLY “REFORMATION” EFFORTS

Hippolytus Important(170-235) ObservationWilliam of Occam Donatus“In (313 view-355) of the historical development(1280-1349) we Pelagius (360are- 418)forced to conclude thatJohn religious Wycliffe (1324- toleration did not develop 1384)by Catholic consent. Such necessitated Johnthe forfeiting Huss of(1373 -1415) Catharistscountless (9th Century) lives during the religious wars. Anabaptists (after Arnold ofCatholicism Brescia had(1100 to- be overpowered. When 1517?) 1155) the could not longer take Peter of Bruysthe lives (~1100) of dissenters it reluctantly ‘permitted’ others to live & hold a faith at Peter Waldo (~1160) variance with its doctrine.” Albigenses (~1170) FW Mattox

EARLY “REFORMATION” EFFORTS

Hippolytus (170-235) William of Occam Donatus (313-355) (1280-1349) Pelagius (360-418) John Wycliffe (1324- 1384) John Huss (1373-1415) Catharists (9th Century) Anabaptists (after Arnold of Brescia (1100- 1517?) 1155) Peter of Bruys (~1100) Peter Waldo (~1160) Albigenses (~1170)

IDENTIFYING FEATURES OF CHRIST’S CHURCH

Baptism No Individual Believers; Remission; Deny infant baptism & Predestination One Church Lord’s Supper Christ’s; per doctrine of Memorial Jesus & His apostles Salvation Worship Only in the church; entry Only God; not Mary, saints, occurs at baptism or images No Clergy All Christians priests Church is People Elders Not physical sanctuary Plurality; autonomous; qualified Marriage Preachers can EARLY “REFORMATION” EFFORTS

- British name was Maelwyn Hippolytus (170-235) - Son of anWilliam elder named of Occam Calpurnius; Donatus (313-355) grandson(1280 of a deacon-1349) - Taken captiveJohn toWycliffe Ireland in (1324 a raid- Pelagius (360-418) in 379; returned nearly 50 years 1384) Patrick (~435) later after spending time in Gaul - EvangelizedJohn for Huss the “Celtic (1373 Church”-1415) Catharists (9th Century) (which Anabaptistsnever called itself (after the Arnold of Brescia (1100- “Celtic Church,” but was overrun & 1517?) 1155) forced to submit to Rome over many decades & centuries) Peter of Bruys (~1100) - Baptized by immersion, denied Peter Waldo (~1160) purgatory, established elderships, taught Lord’s Supper as memorial Albigenses (~1170)

EARLY “REFORMATION” EFFORTS

- Opposed growing arrogance of Hippolytus (170-235) Rome’s Williambishops; of Occam Donatus (313-355) - Planted another(1280-1349) congregation in Rome Pelagius (360-418) John Wycliffe (1324- 1384) Patrick (~435) John Huss (1373-1415) Catharists (9th Century) Anabaptists (after Arnold of Brescia (1100- 1517?) 1155) Peter of Bruys (~1100) Peter Waldo (~1160) Albigenses (~1170)

EARLY “REFORMATION” EFFORTS

Hippolytus (170-235) William of Occam Donatus (313-355) - Baptized (1280no children,-1349) but only Pelagius (360-418) those whoJohn believed Wycliffe & desired (1324 - baptism. 1384) Patrick (~435) - Opposed by Augustine, who John Huss (1373-1415) Catharists (9th Century) fervently taught infant baptism as part of hisAnabaptists Original Sin doctrine (after Arnold of Brescia (1100-- His followers believed they 1517?) 1155) constituted the true church of Christ Peter of Bruys (~1100) Peter Waldo (~1160) Albigenses (~1170)

EARLY “REFORMATION” EFFORTS

Hippolytus (170-235) William of Occam Donatus (313-355) (1280-1349) Pelagius (360-418) - Free willJohn Wycliffe (1324- - Believers’1384) baptism by immersion Patrick (~435) for the remissionJohn Huss of actual (1373 sins-1415) (not Catharists (9th Century) inherited) Anabaptists (after Arnold of Brescia (1100-- Opposed infant baptism & Original Sin 1517?) 1155) - Defended scripture Peter of Bruys (~1100) - “Pelagius is good evidence for the soundness of the British church in (~1160) Peter Waldo the early fifth century.” Albigenses (~1170)

EARLY “REFORMATION” EFFORTS

- “The Pure” – Disassociated from (170-235) Hippolytus moral decayWilliam developing of Occam in the Donatus (313-355) apostate church;(1280-1349) sought return to the “pure apostolic church” Pelagius (360-418) John Wycliffe (1324- - Scripture1384) as only authority; Patrick (~435) claimed to be the day’s only true John Huss (1373-1415) Catharists (9th Century) Christians; puritanical lives; read ScriptureAnabaptists aloud & ate Lord’s (after Arnold of Brescia (1100- Supper at every service; rejected 1517?) 1155) infant baptism, baptizing only believers; had no creed (~1100) Peter of Bruys - In local & more restricted areas Peter Waldo (~1160) they were called Arnoldians, Petrobrusians, Albigenses, (~1170) Albigenses Waldenses.

EARLY “REFORMATION” EFFORTS

- Arnold was close associate of Peter (170-235) Hippolytus of Bruys;William followers ofcalled Occam Donatus (313-355) Arnoldians(1280 -1349)

Pelagius (360-418) John Wycliffe (1324- - Opposed 1384)infant baptism, the Mass, Patrick (~435) church buildings & altars (because John Huss (1373-1415) Catharists (9th Century) any place is suitable for prayer & meeting),Anabaptists prayers for the (after dead, Arnold of Brescia veneration of the cross, celibacy, 1517?) (1100-1155) good works, & - Appealed to a return to the (~1100) Peter of Bruys authority of the Scriptures Peter Waldo (~1160) - Followers called Petrobrusians Albigenses (~1170)

EARLY “REFORMATION” EFFORTS

- Followers were derogitorily called (170-235) Hippolytus WaldensesWilliam or Waldensians of Occam Donatus (313-355) - The movement(1280 -to1349) which Peter Waldo’s (Valdes) name is attached Pelagius (360-418) John Wycliffe (1324- predated 1384)Peter himself Patrick (~435) - Charged with rejecting baptism John Huss (1373-1415) Catharists (9th Century) (infant baptism), eucharist (transubstantiationAnabaptists), marriage (after (as Arnold of Brescia a sacrament), & communion of the 1517?) (1100-1155) saints (fellowship with an apostate church) (~1100) Peter of Bruys Peter Waldo (~1160) Albigenses (~1170)

EARLY “REFORMATION” EFFORTS

- Followers were derogitorily called (170-235) Hippolytus WaldensesWilliam or Waldensians of Occam Donatus (313-355) - - The“It movement is not(1280 they -to 1349)that which have Peter Waldo’s (Valdes) name is attached Pelagius (360-418) separatedJohn from Wycliffe Catholicism, (1324 but- predatedCatholicism 1384)Peter which himself has separated Patrick (~435) - Chargedfrom them with by rejecting changing baptism the John Huss (1373-1415) Catharists (9th Century) (infantprimitive baptism religion.), eucharist Hence arises (transubstantiationthe impossibilityAnabaptists of), assigningmarriage (after (as Arnold of Brescia a sacramentany precise), date & communion for the of the 1517?) (1100-1155) saintscommencement (fellowhsip withof their an apostate church(Waldensian)) history.” Peter of Bruys (~1100) Peter Waldo (~1160) Albigenses (~1170)

EARLY “REFORMATION” EFFORTS

- Closely associated with the (170-235) Hippolytus WaldensesWilliam in doctrine of Occam & in some Donatus (313-355) localities (1280-1349) Pelagius (360-418) John Wycliffe (1324- 1384) Patrick (~435) John Huss (1373-1415) Catharists (9th Century) Arnold of Brescia Anabaptists (after 1517?) (1100-1155) Peter of Bruys (~1100) Peter Waldo (~1160) Albigenses (~1170)

EARLY “REFORMATION” EFFORTS

- Bible the only infallible authority Hippolytus- Pope is fallible (170 -235) William of Occam Donatus- General councils (313-355) of higher (1280-1349) authority than papacy (360-418) John Wycliffe (1324- Pelagius- Acknowledged papacy, but 1384) Patrickdisputed (~435) its authority. John Huss (1373-1415) Catharists (9th Century) Arnold of Brescia Anabaptists (after 1517?) (1100-1155) Peter of Bruys (~1100) Peter Waldo (~1160) Albigenses (~1170)

EARLY “REFORMATION” EFFORTS

- Renounced papal authority, Hippolytusrelics, images, (170Latin-235) services , William of Occam Donatusprivate masses, (313- 355)recognition of (1280-1349) festivals, transubstantiation, John Wycliffe Pelagiusextreme unction, (360-418) & auricular (1324-1384) Patrickconfession; (~435) called indulgences & the interdict blasphemous, “WycliffeJohn like Huss so many (1373 before-1415) & Catharists (9th Century) after him was in the position of & rejected purgatory doctrine Anabaptists (after Arnold- Denied originalof Brescia sin & infant knowing the truth but was 1517?) (1100baptism-1155) unable due to reasons known to - Wrote that those who held himself to act according to what Peterthat infants of Bruys dying without (~1100) is required to have salvation. Peterbaptism Waldo could not (~1160) be saved The affairs of this world pressed were “presumptuous & him to confirm rather than to (~1170) Albigensesfoolish.” follow the doctrine of Christ.”

EARLY “REFORMATION” EFFORTS

HippolytusLollards (170-235) William of Occam - Term used of Wycliffe’s ‘followers’ Donatus- “Lollardy” (313 predated-355) Wycliffe (1280-1349) Pelagius- “Where we (360 find- 418)Waldensians , we John Wycliffe (1324- later find Lollards...” 1384) Lollards Patrick- Term named (~435) from Walter John“...the Huss Waldensians (1373-1415) & CatharistsLollhardus, a (9 Waldensianth Century) who Lollards referred to Arnoldwas evangelising of Brescia in England in Anabaptiststhemselves as the (after church of about 1315. 1517?) Christ.” (1100-1155) “...in the reign of Edward III, about the year 1315... Walter PeterLollhardus, of Bruys that German (~1100) preacher came into England, a man in Petergreat renown Waldo among (~1160) them...; so did the Waldensian Christians for many generations after bear the name of this worthy man, being Albigenses (~1170) called Lollards.”

EARLY “REFORMATION” EFFORTS

Hippolytus“The majorityLollards of church(170-235) historians haveWilliam the Lollards of ceasingOccam - Termto, or used just of at, Wycliffe’s the start of‘followers’ the Reformation, & then simply Donatus-disappearing.“Lollardy” (313 predated Part-355) of the Wycliffe reason... Is that(1280 the Lollards-1349) did not use Pelagius- that“Where identity. we (360 find Another- 418)Waldensians reason ,is we the failureJohn toWycliffe recognise (1324their - laterbeliefs, find suchLollards as denial...” of infant baptism1384) whilst Lollards preaching Patrick-believers’Term named baptism.(~435) from Congregational Walter autonomy, plurality of elders, John Huss (1373-1415) CatharistslayLollhardus, preaching, a (9the Waldensianth universalCentury) whopriesthood of Christians continued with the Churches of Christ, not with the reformers. Shared with Arnoldwas evangelising of Brescia in England in Anabaptists (after about the1315. reformers was a denial of worship1517?) of images, transubstantiation,(1100-1155) pilgrimages, confession to priests, prayers to “...in the reign of Edward III, about the year 1315... Walter saints. Simply saying the Lollards were early reformers is not PeterLollhardus, of Bruys that German (~1100) preacher came into England, a man in accurate; they sought freedom of worship separate from the state, great renown among them...; so did the Waldensian Christians for Peternot reformation... Waldo (~1160) The Lollards were seeking restoration of the many generations after bear the name of this worthy man, being Biblical church...” Albigenses (~1170) called Lollards.”

EARLY “REFORMATION” EFFORTS

Hippolytus- Followers were (170 called-235) “Hussites” - Called each other brother or sister William of Occam Donatus- Had no other (313 authority-355) that the (1280-1349) PelagiusScriptures (360 -418) John Wycliffe (1324- - Opposed infant baptism 1384) Lollards Patrick- Taught believers’(~435) baptism by John Huss (1373-1415) Catharists‘dipping’ (immersion) (9th Century) - Elected officers from the laity Arnold of Brescia Anabaptists (after 1517?) (1100-1155) Peter of Bruys (~1100) Peter Waldo (~1160) Albigenses (~1170)

EARLY “REFORMATION” EFFORTS

Hippolytus“Where we find (170 Waldensians,-235) we later find Lollards, & even later, the William of Occam DonatusAnabaptists, (313 who- 355)called themselves (1280-1349) Pelagiusthe church (360- 418)of Christ.” John Wycliffe (1324- 1384) Lollards Patrick“The Lollard (~435) movement became in John Huss (1373-1415) Cathariststime Anabaptist...” (9th Century)

Arnold of Brescia Anabaptists (after “The Anabaptists called themselves 1517?) (1100-1155)Church of Christ...” Peter of Bruys (~1100) Peter Waldo (~1160) Albigenses (~1170)

EARLY “RESTORATION” EFFORTS ?

Hippolytus (170-235) William of Occam Donatus (313-355) (1280-1349) Pelagius (360-418) John Wycliffe (1324- 1384) Lollards Patrick (~435) John Huss (1373-1415) Catharists (9th Century) Arnold of Brescia Anabaptists (after If even 1517?)small fractions of people (1100-1155) among these groups were Peter of Bruys (~1100) practicing pure New Testament Peter Waldo (~1160) Christianity, then their efforts were not “Reformation:” their lives were Albigenses (~1170) a “Restoration.”

EARLY REFORMATION CONDITIONS

A. “Awakening” – The Renaissance resulted in a revival of interest in study, including Scripture, which showed that the New Testament church was far different from the “church” of Western Europe. B. 1455 – printing press developed by Johann Gutenberg C. Corruption of the Hierarchy in the Roman church. D. Intellectual freedom from the Renaissance enabled people to combat religious & moral corruption. E. Secular rulers became willing to support opposition to hierarchy on religious as well as economic grounds. F. Growing spirit of nationalism G. Desire to return to New Testament Christianity.

UPON THIS ROCK

A STUDY OF LESSON 6: THE HISTORY OF CHRIST’S THE REFORMATION CHURCH