DOCSLIB.ORG

The Exercise of Criminal Justice in Medieval Towns: a Comparison of English and Polish Jurisdiction

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Exercise of Criminal Justice in Medieval Towns: a Comparison of English and Polish Jurisdiction The Exercise of Criminal Justice in Medieval Towns: A Comparison of English and Polish Jurisdiction Submitted by Katarzyna Wójcik to the University of Exeter as a thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Law In June 2019 This thesis is available for Library use on the understanding that it is copyright material and that no quotation from the thesis may be published without proper acknowledgement. I certify that all material in this thesis which is not my own work has been identified and that no material has previously been submitted and approved for the award of a degree by this or any other University. Signature: ………………………………………………………….. 2 Abstract The thesis offers a new vision of medieval criminal justice and for the first time identifies the significant common elements in the exercise of criminal law regulations in selected fourteenth-century towns in two contrasting countries in late medieval Europe, England and Poland. These elements include principles of cooperation and control between royal and local powers in the establishment and exercise of legal proceedings. These are also among the main determinants of the developing status and agency of medieval European urban communities including their executive powers. Through a comparative analysis of the local practice that comprised criminal justice in both nations’ systems of law, this thesis marks new ground in the study of international features of criminal law proceedings in the period. It also contributes to a wider understanding of local mechanisms of control and the extent to which towns nevertheless relied upon the enforcement power of central royal authorities. Focusing on towns like Bristol, Exeter, Norwich, York, Wrocław and Kraków, this study explores the importance of local legal regulation in each town’s development, their aspirations to control their own administrative and legal processes and the limits to their level of autonomy. The thesis examines the individual stages of how local criminal law was exercised in towns of both countries, by demonstrating from various legal documents that formed parts of royal grants, privileges and charters, the roles of executive bodies directly involved in implementing local laws. The results reveal that despite political, territorial and monarchical differences that existed between the countries and their separate systems of law, there were certain common elements that arguably provide an international character for the application of local criminal justice. The thesis expands upon existing knowledge and scholarship about the essential role of corporal punishments in municipal legal proceedings, including how these were appropriate to each criminal and their specific crime. It also identifies a new approach towards the main factors affecting the active pursuit of criminal justice in England and Poland, especially their impact upon a general understanding of medieval European law enforcement procedures. 3 4 Contents Abstract ............................................................................................................. 3 Contents ............................................................................................................ 5 List of Illustrations ........................................................................................... 7 Acknowledgements ........................................................................................ 11 Chapter 1. Introduction .................................................................................. 13 1.1 The aims of the research........................................................................ 17 1.2 Structure of the thesis ............................................................................ 18 1.3 The selection of towns for this study ...................................................... 26 1.4 The chronological selection of the research material ............................. 29 1.5 The territorial scope of the research ....................................................... 31 1.6 Contribution to the existing research on medieval criminal justice ......... 33 Chapter 2. The development of medieval urban jurisdiction and towns’ legal status. ..................................................................................................... 37 2.1 The foundation documents and their role in local legal practice ............. 41 2.1.1 Polish lands ..................................................................................... 41 2.1.2 England ........................................................................................... 49 2.1.3 Conclusion ...................................................................................... 57 2.2 Topography of the selected English towns ............................................. 59 2.2.1 Special forms of trade control ......................................................... 72 2.2.2 Conclusion ...................................................................................... 75 2.3 Topography of the Polish urban areas ................................................... 77 2.4 Chapter conclusion ................................................................................ 86 Chapter 3. The expansion of justice in towns: a comparative analysis .... 89 3.1 Local crime ............................................................................................. 90 3.2 Status of outlaws .................................................................................. 108 3.3 Hue and cry .......................................................................................... 118 3.4 Sanctuaries .......................................................................................... 127 3.5 Chapter conclusion .............................................................................. 139 Chapter 4. Municipal officers and their role in maintaining law and order in towns. ............................................................................................................ 141 4.1 The sheriff and the woźny sądowy ....................................................... 141 4.1.1 The sheriff’s office in England ....................................................... 141 4.1.2 The office of woźny sądowy in Poland .......................................... 151 5 4.1.3 Conclusion .................................................................................... 159 4.2 The coroner’s inquest ........................................................................... 161 4.2.1 Conclusion .................................................................................... 172 4.3 The first police forces in fourteenth-century England and Poland ........ 175 4.4 Chapter conclusion .............................................................................. 184 Chapter 5. Local prisons and prisoners in the selected towns in England and Poland .................................................................................................... 187 5.1 Introduction .......................................................................................... 187 5.2 Creation and location of the first town prisons ...................................... 188 5.3 The size and number of the functioning municipal prisons ................... 198 5.4 The local officials and their role in the prison system ........................... 215 5.5 Church prisons ..................................................................................... 224 5.6 Chapter conclusion .............................................................................. 229 Chapter 6. Local judgment of criminal acts in selected medieval towns of England and Poland. .................................................................................... 233 6.1 Local punishment ................................................................................. 234 6.1.1 Conclusion .................................................................................... 246 6.2 The town servants and their direct involvement in execution procedures ................................................................................................................... 248 6.3 Places and means of execution of judgments in the selected towns .... 262 6.3.1 Conclusion .................................................................................... 280 6.4 Chapter conclusion .............................................................................. 285 7. Conclusion ................................................................................................ 288 Bibliography ................................................................................................. 294 6 List of Illustrations Figures Figure 1: A copy of a surviving document issued by Duke Bolko of Silesia in 1361, confirming the sale of the hereditary Vogt of Jelenia Góra and the rights of the municipal judiciary to Dorothea, wife of Hannus von Schyldaw (from Wojanów), and her sister Agnes, wife of Nitsche von Waldycz, the hereditary Vogt of Jelenia Góra. ........................................................................................ 48 Figure 2: A map of Exeter in 1563. ................................................................... 61 Figure 3: A map of York by John Speed, Theatre of the Empire of Great Britaine, 1611/1612. ......................................................................................... 66 Figure 4: A view of Norwich from the west by John Speed, Theatre of the Empire of Great Britaine, 1611/1612.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Sounds of War and Peace: Soundscapes of European Cities in 1945
    10 This book vividly evokes for the reader the sound world of a number of Eu- Renata Tańczuk / Sławomir Wieczorek (eds.) ropean cities in the last year of the Second World War. It allows the reader to “hear” elements of the soundscapes of Amsterdam, Dortmund, Lwów/Lviv, Warsaw and Breslau/Wrocław that are bound up with the traumatising experi- ences of violence, threats and death. Exploiting to the full methodologies and research tools developed in the fields of sound and soundscape studies, the Sounds of War and Peace authors analyse their reflections on autobiographical texts and art. The studies demonstrate the role urban sounds played in the inhabitants’ forging a sense of 1945 Soundscapes of European Cities in 1945 identity as they adapted to new living conditions. The chapters also shed light on the ideological forces at work in the creation of urban sound space. Sounds of War and Peace. War Sounds of Soundscapes of European Cities in Volume 10 Eastern European Studies in Musicology Edited by Maciej Gołąb Renata Tańczuk is a professor of Cultural Studies at the University of Wrocław, Poland. Sławomir Wieczorek is a faculty member of the Institute of Musicology at the University of Wrocław, Poland. Renata Tańczuk / Sławomir Wieczorek (eds.) · Wieczorek / Sławomir Tańczuk Renata ISBN 978-3-631-75336-1 EESM 10_275336_Wieczorek_SG_A5HC globalL.indd 1 16.04.18 14:11 10 This book vividly evokes for the reader the sound world of a number of Eu- Renata Tańczuk / Sławomir Wieczorek (eds.) ropean cities in the last year of the Second World War. It allows the reader to “hear” elements of the soundscapes of Amsterdam, Dortmund, Lwów/Lviv, Warsaw and Breslau/Wrocław that are bound up with the traumatising experi- ences of violence, threats and death.
    [Show full text]
  • An Automatic Part-Of-Speech Tagger for Middle Low German
    An automatic part-of-speech tagger for Middle Low German Mariya Koleva, Melissa Farasyn, Bart Desmet, Anne Breitbarth and Véronique Hoste Ghent University Syntactically annotated corpora are highly important for enabling large-scale diachronic and diatopic language research. Such corpora have recently been developed for a variety of historical languages, or are still under development. One of those under development is the fully tagged and parsed Corpus of Historical Low German (CHLG), which is aimed at facilitating research into the highly under-researched diachronic syntax of Low German. The present paper reports on a crucial step in creating the corpus, viz. the creation of a part-of-speech tagger for Middle Low German (MLG). Having been transmitted in several non-standardised written varieties, MLG poses a challenge to standard POS taggers, which usually rely on normalized spelling. We outline the major issues faced in the creation of the tagger and present our solutions to them. Keywords: historical linguistics, part-of-speech tagging, conditional random fields, feature selection, normalization 1. Introduction Corpora of historical texts annotated with different levels of grammatical information, such as parts of speech, (inflectional) morphology, syntactic chunks, clausal syntax, provide an important resource for studies of diachronic syntactic variation and change (e.g. Kroch et al. 2000, Rögnvaldsson & Helgadóttir 2011). They enable the automatic extraction of syntactic information from historical texts (more than is manually possible), and allow making statistically valid observations. Apart from reducing the amount of time required for data retrieval, an important advantage is that they make research testable and replicable. The Corpus of Historical Low German (CHLG) (Breitbarth et al.
    [Show full text]
  • The German Civil Code
    TUE A ERICANI LAW REGISTER FOUNDED 1852. UNIERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA DEPART=ENT OF LAW VOL. {4 0 - S'I DECEMBER, 1902. No. 12. THE GERMAN CIVIL CODE. (Das Biirgerliche Gesetzbuch.) SOURCES-PREPARATION-ADOPTION. The magnitude of an attempt to codify the German civil. laws can be adequately appreciated only by remembering that for more than fifteefn centuries central Europe was the world's arena for startling political changes radically involv- ing territorial boundaries and of necessity affecting private as well as public law. With no thought of presenting new data, but that the reader may properly marshall events for an accurate compre- hension of the irregular development of the law into the modem and concrete results, it is necessary to call attention to some of the political- and social factors which have been potent and conspicuous since the eighth century. Notwithstanding the boast of Charles the Great that he was both master of Europe and the chosen pr6pagandist of Christianity and despite his efforts in urging general accept- ance of the Roman law, which the Latinized Celts of the western and southern parts of his titular domain had orig- THE GERM AN CIVIL CODE. inally been forced to receive and later had willingly retained, upon none of those three points did the facts sustain his van- ity. He was constrained to recognize that beyond the Rhine there were great tribes, anciently nomadic, but for some cen- turies become agricultural when not engaged in their normal and chief occupation, war, who were by no means under his control. His missii or special commissioners to those people were not well received and his laws were not much respected.
    [Show full text]
  • Accounts of the Constables of Bristol Castle
    BRISTOL RECORD SOCIETY'S PUBLICATIONS General Editor: PROFESSOR PATRICK MCGRATH, M.A., Assistant General Editor: MISS ELIZABETH RALPH, M .A., F.S.A. VOL. XXXIV ACCOUNTS OF THE CONSTABLES OF BRISTOL CASTLE IN 1HE THIRTEENTH AND EARLY FOURTEENTH CENTURIES ACCOUNTS OF THE CONSTABLES OF BRISTOL CASTLE IN THE THIR1EENTH AND EARLY FOUR1EENTH CENTURIES EDITED BY MARGARET SHARP Printed for the BRISTOL RECORD SOCIETY 1982 ISSN 0305-8730 © Margaret Sharp Produced for the Society by A1an Sutton Publishing Limited, Gloucester Printed in Great Britain by Redwood Burn Limited Trowbridge CONTENTS Page Abbreviations VI Preface XI Introduction Xlll Pandulf- 1221-24 1 Ralph de Wiliton - 1224-25 5 Burgesses of Bristol - 1224-25 8 Peter de la Mare - 1282-84 10 Peter de la Mare - 1289-91 22 Nicholas Fermbaud - 1294-96 28 Nicholas Fermbaud- 1300-1303 47 Appendix 1 - Lists of Lords of Castle 69 Appendix 2 - Lists of Constables 77 Appendix 3 - Dating 94 Bibliography 97 Index 111 ABBREVIATIONS Abbrev. Plac. Placitorum in domo Capitulari Westmon­ asteriensi asservatorum abbrevatio ... Ed. W. Dlingworth. Rec. Comm. London, 1811. Ann. Mon. Annales monastici Ed. H.R. Luard. 5v. (R S xxxvi) London, 1864-69. BBC British Borough Charters, 1216-1307. Ed. A. Ballard and J. Tait. 3v. Cambridge 1913-43. BOAS Bristol and Gloucestershire Archaeological Society Transactions (Author's name and the volume number quoted. Full details in bibliography). BIHR Bulletin of the Institute of Historical Research. BM British Museum - Now British Library. Book of Fees Liber Feodorum: the Book of Fees com­ monly called Testa de Nevill 3v. HMSO 1920-31. Book of Seals Sir Christopher Hatton's Book of Seals Ed.
    [Show full text]
  • Dynastie Królewskie Panujące W Polsce – Dynastia Piastów
    XV EDYCJA OGÓLNOPOLSKIEGO KONKURSU HISTORYCZNEGO „ KRĄG” Tytuł Pracy : Dynastie królewskie panujące w Polsce - Dynastia Piastów Autorka : Pola Urbanek Kategoria : Młodzik Kod : MRKR 111 Szkolny organizator : Agata Rysz XV EDYCJA OGÓLNOPOLSKIEGO KONKURSU HISTORYCZNEGO „ KRĄG” 1.Wstęp 2.legendy o Piastach Lech Czech i Rus O Popielu O Piaście Kołodzieju 3.Minione wieki 4.Był sobie król… 5.O Piastach „ z przymrużeniem oka” 6.Co po Piastach pozostało 7.Zakończenie 8.Bibliogragia 2 XV EDYCJA OGÓLNOPOLSKIEGO KONKURSU HISTORYCZNEGO „ KRĄG” Wstęp Zapraszam Państwa na wędrówkę po odległej historii znanej nam tylko z kronik, dzienników i zapisków z dawnych czasów. Historia to nie tylko wydarzenia umiejscowione w czasie, to też opowiadania , legendy i przypowieści związane z danym okresem dziejów. Historia jest w każdej pamiątce, w zabytkach, w budowlach, monetach i we wszystkim co po przodkach pozostało. Zatem chciałabym przeprowadzić Państwa po historii najstarszej polskiej dynastii, po historii naszych przodków -Piastów... Rola historii jest ogromna w życiu świata ,państwa czy regionu. Rzetelna wiedza historyczna pozwala nam zrozumieć złożoność i zróżnicowanie świata. Uczy tez tolerancji dla odmienności kulturowej i cywilizacyjnej. 3 XV EDYCJA OGÓLNOPOLSKIEGO KONKURSU HISTORYCZNEGO „ KRĄG” Legendy o Piastach 4 XV EDYCJA OGÓLNOPOLSKIEGO KONKURSU HISTORYCZNEGO „ KRĄG” Legenda o Czechu, Lechu i Rusie 5 XV EDYCJA OGÓLNOPOLSKIEGO KONKURSU HISTORYCZNEGO „ KRĄG” 6 Trzej bracia-Słowianie, Czech, Lech i Rus przed wiekami, gdy w Europie dopiero powstawały państwa, wędrowali po wielkim terytorium między dwiema rzekami, z zachodu była to Odra, od wschodu Dniepr. Przemierzali wielkie połacie pól, lasów. Nie była to łatwa podróż, musieli mierzyć się z dziką przyrodą, niebezpieczną leśną zwierzyną, nie mogli się zgubić wśród leśnych kniei, kto by się zgubił, ten mógł nigdy się już nie odnaleźć.
    [Show full text]
  • Największe Tajemnice Świebodzic
    RAFAŁ WIETRZYŃSKI NAJWIĘKSZE TAJEMNICE ŚWIEBODZIC WYDANIE II POPRAWIONE I UZUPEŁNIONE ŚWIEBODZICE 2010 1 ISBN 83-930401-09 Tytuł: Największe tajemnice Świebodzic Autor: Rafał Wietrzyński Rok wydania: Świebodzice 2010 Strona tytułowa okładki: Tablica nagrobna Georga Daniela Gossova i Anny Gossovin przy para- fii św. Mikołaja w Świebodzicach (rys. Marzena Bednarczyk) Wszystkie prawa zastrzeżone 2 OD AUTORA Książka „Największe tajemnice Świebodzic” jest jedynym jak dotąd tego typu opracowaniem. Jej wydanie poprzedzo- ne zostało wieloletnimi zainteresowaniami i dociekaniami na temat zamierzchłej przeszłości tych okolic. Celem tej książki jest przedstawienie Czytelnikowi nierozwiązanych zagadek i mało znanych, ale ważnych epizodów z bogatej historii Świebodzic. Oczywiście moim zamierzeniem nie było tu zaprezentowa- nie wszystkich niewyjaśnionych dotąd spraw związanych z miastem, ale przedstawienie tylko tych najogólniejszych, na które wiele osób stawia dzisiaj pytania. Książka ta nie rości sobie również prawa do fundamentalnego dzieła. Chciałem tu tylko opisać najbardziej tajemnicze momenty z ponad siedemsetletniej historii miasta. Zawarte w tym opracowaniu tematy dotyczą zarówno kon- trowersyjnych wydarzeń, jak i rozmaitych skarbów ukrytych w okolicach miasta, historycznych postaci oraz tajemni- czych zabytków... Słowem, każdy z zainteresowanych znaj- dzie w niej coś ciekawego dla siebie. Życzę pożytecznej i krytycznej lektury. Autor 3 PROLOG ŚWIEBODZICKI RODOWÓD Wiedza o przeszłości naszego miasta, którą zamierzam przedstawić na łamach niniejszej
    [Show full text]
  • Uva-DARE (Digital Academic Repository)
    UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) The many faces of Duchess Matilda: matronage, motherhood and mediation in the twelfth century Jasperse, T.G. Publication date 2013 Document Version Final published version Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Jasperse, T. G. (2013). The many faces of Duchess Matilda: matronage, motherhood and mediation in the twelfth century. Boxpress. General rights It is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Disclaimer/Complaints regulations If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: https://uba.uva.nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible. UvA-DARE is a service provided by the library of the University of Amsterdam (https://dare.uva.nl) Download date:26 Sep 2021 The many faces of Duchess Matilda: matronage, motherhood and mediation in the twelfth century Jitske Jasperse The many faces of Duchess Matilda: matronage, motherhood and mediation in the twelfth century ACADEMISCH PROEFSCHRIFT ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan de Universiteit van Amsterdam op gezag van de Rector Magnificus prof.
    [Show full text]
  • Abolishing the Crime of Public Nuisance and Modernising That of Public Indecency
    International Law Research; Vol. 6, No. 1; 2017 ISSN 1927-5234 E-ISSN 1927-5242 Published by Canadian Center of Science and Education Abolishing the Crime of Public Nuisance and Modernising That of Public Indecency Graham McBain1,2 1 Peterhouse, Cambridge, UK 2 Harvard Law School, USA Correspondence: Graham McBain, 21 Millmead Terrace, Guildford, Surrey GU2 4AT, UK. E-mail: [email protected] Received: November 20, 2016 Accepted: February 19, 2017 Online Published: March 7, 2017 doi:10.5539/ilr.v6n1p1 URL: https://doi.org/10.5539/ilr.v6n1p1 1. INTRODUCTION Prior articles have asserted that English criminal law is very fragmented and that a considerable amount of the older law - especially the common law - is badly out of date.1 The purpose of this article is to consider the crime of public nuisance (also called common nuisance), a common law crime. The word 'nuisance' derives from the old french 'nuisance' or 'nusance' 2 and the latin, nocumentum.3 The basic meaning of the word is that of 'annoyance';4 In medieval English, the word 'common' comes from the word 'commune' which, itself, derives from the latin 'communa' - being a commonality, a group of people, a corporation.5 In 1191, the City of London (the 'City') became a commune. Thereafter, it is usual to find references with that term - such as common carrier, common highway, common council, common scold, common prostitute etc;6 The reference to 'common' designated things available to the general public as opposed to the individual. For example, the common carrier, common farrier and common innkeeper exercised a public employment and not just a private one.
    [Show full text]
  • Police Science As a Source of Modern Administrative Sciences
    Teka Komisji Prawniczej PAN Oddział w Lublinie, t. XII, 2019, nr 2, s. 327–336 https://doi.org/10.32084/tekapr.2019.12.2-25 POLICE SCIENCE AS A SOURCE OF MODERN ADMINISTRATIVE SCIENCES Grzegorz Smyk, hab. Ph.D., University Professor Department of History of State and Law, Faculty of Law and Administration at the Maria Curie–Skłodowska University in Lublin e-mail: [email protected]; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0143-4233 Summary. It was the science of police (Ger. Polizeiwissenschaft) that first endeavoured to offer a comprehensive understanding of the organisation and operation of public administra- tion. It stemmed from the cameralist doctrine which combined, in addition to administrative management, a broad and not-at-all systemic set of knowledge of economics, finance, statistics, demography, economic policy of the state, and even philosophy. While cameralism mainly put emphasis on economics and approached administrative issues only as a means of efficient fiscal and economic administration of the state, police science, which was under the influence of the law of nature, addressed the development of a system of methods and measures employed to shape the structure of public administration in the modern state. Key words: police science, administration, administrative law The arrival of modern administrative science was intertwined with the sys- temic transformation of the state ruled by public law that occurred in the 18th century under the influence of Enlightenment philosophy. The transformation processes were triggered by the crisis of the social, economic and organisa- tional framework of the feudal state, which caused all these areas of human activity to go through reforms aimed, in particular, to create a new, well-oiled state apparatus.
    [Show full text]
  • The Weight of Comparing in Medieval England
    The Weight of Comparing in Medieval England David Gary Shaw Abstract1 How important and common were the practices of comparing in medieval England (1150- 1500)? Focusing on activities that tended to have a pragmatic rather than purely logical in- tention, this chapter first considers medieval comparing on technical matters such as weigh- ing and measuring for the market and for agricultural efficiency. Then, however, we consider as well the more controversial comparing of humans by examining its place in taxing and ranking people; in assessing religious diversity; and even discerning the moralizing uses of comparing in literature and art. As it turns out, comparing could be perilous when humans were the subjects. Introduction It is possible that comparison might be everywhere in history, but we might also suppose that comparing might matter less in some moments and places than oth- ers. Especially given the sense that there is something distinctive and powerful about comparison in contemporary life, it is important to try to get a sense for the range, variety, and importance of modes of comparison in other times and places. In this chapter, I inquire into the place and weight of comparative thinking in Eng- land in the later medieval period. It is not an easy task, because the definition of the comparative and of com- parative practices is hardly settled. There is probably some amount of comparative activity in all European societies and moments, but we can expect that the compo- sition of the comparative practices will vary and maybe vary significantly; and that will raise problems for making any longer-term narratives.
    [Show full text]
  • The Norwich School John Old Crome John Sell Cotman George Vincent
    T H E NO RW I CH SCH OOL JOH N “ OLD ” CROME JOH N SELL c o TMAN ( ) , G E OR G E ‘D I N C E N T JA ME A , S S T RK 1 B N Y C OM JOHN I T . E E E R R , TH R LE D BROOKE D A ’DI D H OD N R. LA , GSO ? J J 0 M. E . 0TM 89 . g/{N E TC . WITH ARTI LES BY M UND ALL C H . C P S A , . CONT ENTS U A P S A R I LES BY H M C ND LL . A T C . , Introduction John Crome John Sell Cotman O ther Members of the Norwich School I LLUSTRATIONS I N COLOURS l Cotman , John Sel Greta rid Yorkshire t - B ge, (wa er colour) Michel Mo nt St. Ruined Castle near a Stream B oats o n Cromer Beach (oil painting) Crome , John The Return ofthe Flock— Evening (oil painting) The Gate A athin Scene View on the Wensum at Thor e Norivtch B g p , (oil painting) Road with Pollards ILLUSTRAT IONS IN MONOTONE Cotman , John Joseph towards Norwich (water—colour) lx x vu Cotman , John Sell rid e Valle and Mountain B g , y, Llang ollen rid e at Sa/tram D evo nshire B g , D urham Castle and Cathedral Windmill in Lincolnshire D ieppe Po wis Cast/e ‘ he alai d an e t Lo T P s e Justic d the Ru S . e , Ro uen Statue o Charles I Chart/2 Cross f , g Cader I dris Eto n Colleg e Study B oys Fishing H o use m th e Place de la Pucelle at Rouen Chdteau at Fo ntame—le— en i near aen H r , C Mil/hank o n the Thames ILLUSTRATIONS IN MONOTONE— Continued PLATE M Cotman , iles Edmund Boats on the Medway (oil painting) lxxv Tro wse Mills lxxvi Crome , John Landscape View on th e Wensum ath near o w ch Mousehold He , N r i Moonlight on the Yare Lands cape : Grov' e Scene The Grove Scene Marlin o rd , gf The Villag e Glade Bach o the Ne w Mills Norwich f , Cottage near L ahenham Mill near Lahenham On th e Shirts of the Forest ive orwich Bach R r, N ru es Ri'ver Ostend in the D istance B g , ; Moo nlight Yarmouth H arho ur ddes I tal e s Parts 1 oulevar i n 1 8 .
    [Show full text]
  • Rechtsgeschichte Legal History
    Zeitschri des Max-Planck-Instituts für europäische Rechtsgeschichte Rechts R Journal of the Max Planck Institute for European Legal History geschichte g Rechtsgeschichte Legal History www.rg.mpg.de http://www.rg-rechtsgeschichte.de/rg22 Rg 22 2014 79 – 89 Zitiervorschlag: Rechtsgeschichte – Legal History Rg 22 (2014) http://dx.doi.org/10.12946/rg22/079-089 Heiner Lück Aspects of the transfer of the Saxon-Magdeburg Law to Central and Eastern Europe Dieser Beitrag steht unter einer Creative Commons cc-by-nc-nd 3.0 Abstract An important impetus forthedevelopmentand dissemination of the Saxon Mirror, the most famous and influential German law book of Central Ger- many between 1220 and 1235 by one Eike von Repgow, was the municipal law of the town of Magdeburg, the so called Magdeburg Law.Itisone of the most important German town laws of the Middle Ages. In conjunction with the Saxon Mirror with which it was closely interconnected, the Magdeburg Law reached the territories of Silesia, Poland, the lands belonging to the Teutonic Order, the Baltic countries (especially Lithuania), Uk- raine, Bohemia, Moravia, Slovakia and Hungary. The peculiar symbiosis between Saxon Mirror and Magdeburg Law on the way to Eastern Europe has been expressed in the source texts (ius Teutonicum, ius Maideburgense and ius Saxonum in the early originally carried the same content). Ius Maidebur- gense (Magdeburg Law) has reached the foremost position as a broad term, which encompassed the Saxon territorial law as well as the Magdeburg town law, and, quite frequently, also the German Law (ius Teutonicum) in general. Modern scholar- ship recognizes this terminological overlapping and interrelatedness through the notion of Saxon- Magdeburg Law.
    [Show full text]