DOCSLIB.ORG

Mechanisms of Microbial Methane Production from Sub-Bituminous Australian Coal

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Mechanisms of Microbial Methane Production from Sub-Bituminous Australian Coal Mechanisms of Microbial Methane Production from Sub-Bituminous Australian Coal John Webster A thesis in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science Faculty of Science August 2015 Originality Statement ‘I hereby declare that this submission is my own work and to the best of my knowledge it contains no materials previously published or written by another person, or substantial proportions of material which have been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma at UNSW or any other educational institution, except where due acknowledgement is made in the thesis. Any contribution made to the research by others, with whom I have worked at UNSW or elsewhere, is explicitly acknowledged in the thesis. I also declare that the intellectual content of this thesis is the product of my own work, except to the extent that assistance from others in the project's design and conception or in style, presentation and linguistic expression is acknowledged.’ Signed....................................... Date.......................................... COPYRIGHT STATEMENT ‘I hereby grant the University of New South Wales or its agents the right to archive and to make available my thesis or dissertation in whole or part in the University libraries in all forms of media, now or here after known, subject to the provisions of the Copyright Act 1968. I retain all proprietary rights, such as patent rights. I also retain the right to use in future works (such as articles or books) all or part of this thesis or dissertation. I also authorise University Microfilms to use the 350 word abstract of my thesis in Dissertation Abstract International (this is applicable to doctoral theses only). I have either used no substantial portions of copyright material in my thesis or I have obtained permission to use copyright material; where permission has not been granted I have applied/will apply for a partial restriction of the digital copy of my thesis or dissertation.' Signed ……………………………………………........................... Date ……………………………………………........................... AUTHENTICITY STATEMENT ‘I certify that the Library deposit digital copy is a direct equivalent of the final officially approved version of my thesis. No emendation of content has occurred and if there are any minor variations in formatting, they are the result of the conversion to digital format.’ Signed ……………………………………………........................... Date ……………………………………………........................... Acknowledgements First and Foremost, I would like to express my gratitude to Torsten Thomas and Mike Manefield for accepting me as their student and for their guidance throughout my PhD program. The opportunity that they provided for me is most appreciated and it looks like it paid off in the end (See following six chapters). I would also like to thank my mum Susan Webster, dad David Webster and sister Elyssa Webster for sticking by me throughout this trying time. Thank you for your support because without the support and love of my family, this achievement would not mean as much to me. To my grandma Helen who was telling people I was a doctor well before the conferral of my degree, I thank you for your support and excitement also and you may now legitimately tell people I am a doctor. Thank you to Leena and Malu who were part of the project and provided both an experienced view to academic dynamics and a sympathetic ear when things got rough. The pressure and stresses on PhD students are immense and its individuals such as you that can make the difference between a good day and a bad day. I would also like to thank my various lab pals, though numerous, I would like to make sure you are all mentioned as you all played a profound role in my life the last few years. So a big thank you to Enrique, Alexandra, Shaun, Mary, Rajesh, Jim, Manue, Lucas, Ricardo and Valentina as well as the international friends we made in Chris Johansson, Michael Roggenbuck and Jenny Staudigl. I’d also like to specifically thank David Reynolds for helping keep the lab organised, interesting and MagicTM. Though we may have wasted quite a bit of time, it was a welcome and well needed reprieve from the daily PhD grind. As well as Ana (not the spider) Esteves for her great sense of humour and for providing the short and feisty demographic our lab was missing. A great friend who I know I can always count on and plus, she’s also pretty smart. I Though a major part of my life was based around university, support from friends outside this environment is also important and a major thank you has to go out to my buddies in crime, Emily Funnell and Rachel Siskovic, my oldest (by only a day) and dearest friend James Tawadros and also the second love of my life Jared Yan (Platonically of course). And most importantly I thank the first (sorry Jared) love of my life, my partner and my best friend, Ashlea Grewar. These years have been trying, but you have always been my constant and my rock. Without your support and love, I can’t imagine where I would be. I’m so glad we have been able to take this journey together and I couldn’t think of anyone else I would want at my side. "I don't give a rat's ass whether it's science or magical power. No, I guess if I had to choose, I'd rather put my money on the power of science. Humans who used to only roam around on the ground are able to fly now! And finally, we're about to go into outer space. Science is a "Power" created and developed by humans. And science just might be what saves this planet. I was able to earn my living thanks to science. So to me, there's nothing greater!" -Cid Highwind II Table of Contents Acknowledgements .................................................................................................................................. I Table of Contents ................................................................................................................................... III Table of Figures ..................................................................................................................................... VII Table of Tables ........................................................................................................................................ X Abstract .................................................................................................................................................. XI Chapter One: Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 1 What is coal? ................................................................................................................................... 1 Its Structure: ................................................................................................................................... 2 Australian Coal Deposits: ................................................................................................................ 3 Coal as a Fuel: ................................................................................................................................. 4 Breakdown of Coal: ......................................................................................................................... 5 Uses of Methane: ............................................................................................................................ 6 Methanogens: ..................................................................................................................................... 7 Degradation of Coal Hydrocarbons: .............................................................................................. 11 Microbial Communities and Methane Production from Coal: ......................................................... 15 Chapter Two: Chemical Characterisation of Soluble Compounds in Australian Coal ........................... 18 Introduction: ..................................................................................................................................... 18 Material and Methods: ..................................................................................................................... 27 Coal Sampling Locations: .............................................................................................................. 27 Coal characteristics ....................................................................................................................... 29 Coal Preparation for chemical analysis: ........................................................................................ 29 Small Apolar Chemical Compound Extraction: ............................................................................. 29 Gas chromatography Flame Ionisation Detection (GC-FID) of DCM extractions: ......................... 30 Alignment and Analysis of GC Chromatogram Peaks: .................................................................. 30 Analysis of extractions with GC-MS: ............................................................................................. 31 Oxidative chemical and enzymatic treatments to coal: ................................................................ 32 Aqueous Extract Analysis: ............................................................................................................. 32 Results: .............................................................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Review Article: Inhibition of Methanogenic Archaea by Statins As a Targeted Management Strategy for Constipation and Related Disorders
    Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics Review article: inhibition of methanogenic archaea by statins as a targeted management strategy for constipation and related disorders K. Gottlieb*, V. Wacher*, J. Sliman* & M. Pimentel† *Synthetic Biologics, Inc., Rockville, SUMMARY MD, USA. † Gastroenterology, Cedars-Sinai Background Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA. Observational studies show a strong association between delayed intestinal transit and the production of methane. Experimental data suggest a direct inhibitory activity of methane on the colonic and ileal smooth muscle and Correspondence to: a possible role for methane as a gasotransmitter. Archaea are the only con- Dr K. Gottlieb, Synthetic Biologics, fi Inc., 9605 Medical Center Drive, rmed biological sources of methane in nature and Methanobrevibacter Rockville, MD 20850, USA. smithii is the predominant methanogen in the human intestine. E-mail: [email protected] Aim To review the biosynthesis and composition of archaeal cell membranes, Publication data archaeal methanogenesis and the mechanism of action of statins in this context. Submitted 8 September 2015 First decision 29 September 2015 Methods Resubmitted 7 October 2015 Narrative review of the literature. Resubmitted 20 October 2015 Accepted 20 October 2015 Results EV Pub Online 11 November 2015 Statins can inhibit archaeal cell membrane biosynthesis without affecting This uncommissioned review article was bacterial numbers as demonstrated in livestock and humans. This opens subject to full peer-review. the possibility of a therapeutic intervention that targets a specific aetiologi- cal factor of constipation while protecting the intestinal microbiome. While it is generally believed that statins inhibit methane production via their effect on cell membrane biosynthesis, mediated by inhibition of the HMG- CoA reductase, there is accumulating evidence for an alternative or addi- tional mechanism of action where statins inhibit methanogenesis directly.
    [Show full text]
  • Catalytic Pyrolysis of Plastic Wastes for the Production of Liquid Fuels for Engines
    Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for RSC Advances. This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2019 Supporting information for: Catalytic pyrolysis of plastic wastes for the production of liquid fuels for engines Supattra Budsaereechaia, Andrew J. Huntb and Yuvarat Ngernyen*a aDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand. E-mail:[email protected] bMaterials Chemistry Research Center, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand Fig. S1 The process for pelletization of catalyst PS PS+bentonite PP ) t e PP+bentonite s f f o % ( LDPE e c n a t t LDPE+bentonite s i m s n HDPE a r T HDPE+bentonite Gasohol 91 Diesel 4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 Wavenumber (cm-1) Fig. S2 FTIR spectra of oil from pyrolysis of plastic waste type. Table S1 Compounds in oils (%Area) from the pyrolysis of plastic wastes as detected by GCMS analysis PS PP LDPE HDPE Gasohol 91 Diesel Compound NC C Compound NC C Compound NC C Compound NC C 1- 0 0.15 Pentane 1.13 1.29 n-Hexane 0.71 0.73 n-Hexane 0.65 0.64 Butane, 2- Octane : 0.32 Tetradecene methyl- : 2.60 Toluene 7.93 7.56 Cyclohexane 2.28 2.51 1-Hexene 1.05 1.10 1-Hexene 1.15 1.16 Pentane : 1.95 Nonane : 0.83 Ethylbenzen 15.07 11.29 Heptane, 4- 1.81 1.68 Heptane 1.26 1.35 Heptane 1.22 1.23 Butane, 2,2- Decane : 1.34 e methyl- dimethyl- : 0.47 1-Tridecene 0 0.14 2,2-Dimethyl- 0.63 0 1-Heptene 1.37 1.46 1-Heptene 1.32 1.35 Pentane,
    [Show full text]
  • Response of Heterotrophic Stream Biofilm Communities to a Gradient of Resources
    The following supplement accompanies the article Response of heterotrophic stream biofilm communities to a gradient of resources D. J. Van Horn1,*, R. L. Sinsabaugh1, C. D. Takacs-Vesbach1, K. R. Mitchell1,2, C. N. Dahm1 1Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA 2Present address: Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of British Columbia Life Sciences Centre, Vancouver BC V6T 1Z3, Canada *Email: [email protected] Aquatic Microbial Ecology 64:149–161 (2011) Table S1. Representative sequences for each OTU, associated GenBank accession numbers, and taxonomic classifications with bootstrap values (in parentheses), generated in mothur using 14956 reference sequences from the SILVA data base Treatment Accession Sequence name SILVA taxonomy classification number Control JF695047 BF8FCONT18Fa04.b1 Bacteria(100);Proteobacteria(100);Gammaproteobacteria(100);Pseudomonadales(100);Pseudomonadaceae(100);Cellvibrio(100);unclassified; Control JF695049 BF8FCONT18Fa12.b1 Bacteria(100);Proteobacteria(100);Alphaproteobacteria(100);Rhizobiales(100);Methylocystaceae(100);uncultured(100);unclassified; Control JF695054 BF8FCONT18Fc01.b1 Bacteria(100);Planctomycetes(100);Planctomycetacia(100);Planctomycetales(100);Planctomycetaceae(100);Isosphaera(50);unclassified; Control JF695056 BF8FCONT18Fc04.b1 Bacteria(100);Proteobacteria(100);Gammaproteobacteria(100);Xanthomonadales(100);Xanthomonadaceae(100);uncultured(64);unclassified; Control JF695057 BF8FCONT18Fc06.b1 Bacteria(100);Proteobacteria(100);Betaproteobacteria(100);Burkholderiales(100);Comamonadaceae(100);Ideonella(54);unclassified;
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogenetics of Archaeal Lipids Amy Kelly 9/27/2006 Outline
    Phylogenetics of Archaeal Lipids Amy Kelly 9/27/2006 Outline • Phlogenetics of Archaea • Phlogenetics of archaeal lipids • Papers Phyla • Two? main phyla – Euryarchaeota • Methanogens • Extreme halophiles • Extreme thermophiles • Sulfate-reducing – Crenarchaeota • Extreme thermophiles – Korarchaeota? • Hyperthermophiles • indicated only by environmental DNA sequences – Nanoarchaeum? • N. equitans a fast evolving euryarchaeal lineage, not novel, early diverging archaeal phylum – Ancient archael group? • In deepest brances of Crenarchaea? Euryarchaea? Archaeal Lipids • Methanogens – Di- and tetra-ethers of glycerol and isoprenoid alcohols – Core mostly archaeol or caldarchaeol – Core sometimes sn-2- or Images removed due to sn-3-hydroxyarchaeol or copyright considerations. macrocyclic archaeol –PMI • Halophiles – Similar to methanogens – Exclusively synthesize bacterioruberin • Marine Crenarchaea Depositional Archaeal Lipids Biological Origin Environment Crocetane methanotrophs? methane seeps? methanogens, PMI (2,6,10,15,19-pentamethylicosane) methanotrophs hypersaline, anoxic Squalane hypersaline? C31-C40 head-to-head isoprenoids Smit & Mushegian • “Lost” enzymes of MVA pathway must exist – Phosphomevalonate kinase (PMK) – Diphosphomevalonate decarboxylase – Isopentenyl diphosphate isomerase (IPPI) Kaneda et al. 2001 Rohdich et al. 2001 Boucher et al. • Isoprenoid biosynthesis of archaea evolved through a combination of processes – Co-option of ancestral enzymes – Modification of enzymatic specificity – Orthologous and non-orthologous gene
    [Show full text]
  • Microbial Community Response to Heavy and Light Crude Oil in the Great Lakes
    Microbial Community Response to Heavy and Light Crude Oil in the Great Lakes Stephen Techtmann 10/24/19 Microbial Sensors Techtmann Lab @ MTU Investigating the applications of environmental microbial communities Hydraulic Fracturing Related Antibiotic Resistance Oil Bioremediation Techtmann Lab @ MTU Overview • Background on oil biodegradation • Microbial response to light and heavy crude oil in the Great Lakes • Machine learning for prediction of contamination in the Great Lakes. Oil Spills Deepwater Horizon Enbridge Line 6B Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill • 4,1000,000 bbl of oil released • Light Sweet Crude oil released • April 20, 2010 • 1101.7 miles of shoreline oiled Atlas and Hazen 2011 Enbridge Line 6B Spill – Marshall MI • 20,082 bbl of oil released • Diluted Bitumen • July 26, 2010 • 70 miles of shoreline oiled https://www.mlive.com/news/kalamazoo/2010/07/state_of_emergency_declared_as.html Oil Transmissions Pipelines in the Great Lakes Region Line 5: • 645 miles from Superior WI to Sarnia Ontario • 540,000 barrels per day • Light crude and natural gas liquids (NGLs) Crude oil Oil types and API Gravity Microbes and Biotechnology (Bioremediation) Low cost input Microbe High value output Decreased Cost Contaminant Increased Efficiency Carbon dioxide or non- toxic daughter products Carbon dioxide Microbial Biomass Petroleum Microbe Daughter Products Water Microbial Ecology and Biotechnology Low cost input Microbe High value output Decreased Cost/Increased Efficiency Complex input Input A Microbe Microbe Output A Input B Microbe Output
    [Show full text]
  • Genotyping of Uncultured Archaea in a Polluted Site of Suez Gulf, Egypt, Based on 16S Rrna Gene Analyses
    Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research (2014) 40,27–33 National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research http://ees.elsevier.com/ejar www.sciencedirect.com FULL LENGTH ARTICLE Genotyping of uncultured archaea in a polluted site of Suez Gulf, Egypt, based on 16S rRNA gene analyses Hosam Easa Elsaied * Aquagenome Resources and Biotechnology Research Group, National Institute of Oceanography, 101-El-Kasr El-Eini Street, Cairo, Egypt Received 3 February 2014; revised 11 March 2014; accepted 11 March 2014 Available online 18 April 2014 KEYWORDS Abstract Culture-independent 16S rRNA gene analysis approach was used to explore and evalu- Archaea; ate archaea in a polluted site, El-Zeitia, Suez Gulf, Egypt. Metagenomic DNA was extracted from a 16S rRNA gene diversity; sediment sample. Archaeal 16S rRNA gene was PCR amplified using universal archaeal primers, Sediment; followed by cloning and direct analyses by sequencing. Rarefaction analysis showed saturation, Suez Gulf recording 21 archaeal 16S rRNA gene phylotypes, which represented the total composition of archaea in the studied sample. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all recorded phylotypes belonged to two archaeal phyla. Sixteen phylotypes were located in the branch of methanogenic Eur- yarchaeota and more closely related to species of the genera Methanosaeta and Methanomassiliicoc- cus. Five phylotypes were affiliated to the new archaeal phylum Thaumarchaeota, which represented by species Candidatus nitrosopumilus. The recorded phylotypes had unique sequences, characteriz- ing them as new phylogenetic lineages. This work is the first investigation of uncultured archaea in the Suez Gulf, and implicated that the environmental characteristics shaped the diversity of archa- eal 16S rRNA genes in the studied sample.
    [Show full text]
  • Aquabacterium Gen. Nov., with Description of Aquabacterium Citratiphilum Sp
    International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology (1999), 49, 769-777 Printed in Great Britain Aquabacterium gen. nov., with description of Aquabacterium citratiphilum sp. nov., Aquabacterium parvum sp. nov. and Aquabacterium commune sp. nov., three in situ dominant bacterial species from the Berlin drinking water system Sibylle Kalmbach,’ Werner Manz,’ Jorg Wecke2 and Ulrich Szewzyk’ Author for correspondence : Werner Manz. Tel : + 49 30 3 14 25589. Fax : + 49 30 3 14 7346 1. e-mail : [email protected]. tu-berlin.de 1 Tech nisc he U nive rsit ;it Three bacterial strains isolated from biofilms of the Berlin drinking water Berlin, lnstitut fur system were characterized with respect to their morphological and Tec hn ischen Umweltschutz, Fachgebiet physiological properties and their taxonomic position. Phenotypically, the Okologie der bacteria investigated were motile, Gram-negative rods, oxidase-positive and Mikroorganismen,D-l 0587 catalase-negative, and contained polyalkanoates and polyphosphate as Berlin, Germany storage polymers. They displayed a microaerophilic growth behaviour and 2 Robert Koch-lnstitut, used oxygen and nitrate as electron acceptors, but not nitrite, chlorate, sulfate Nordufer 20, D-13353 Berlin, Germany or ferric iron. The substrates metabolized included a broad range of organic acids but no carbohydrates at all. The three species can be distinguished from each other by their substrate utilization, ability to hydrolyse urea and casein, cellular protein patterns and growth on nutrient-rich media as well as their temperature, pH and NaCl tolerances. Phylogenetic analysis, based on 165 rRNA gene sequence comparison, revealed that the isolates are affiliated to the /I1 -subclass of Proteobacteria. The isolates constitute three new species with internal levels of DNA relatedness ranging from 44.9 to 51*3O/0.
    [Show full text]
  • Research Article Diversity and Distribution of Archaea in the Mangrove Sediment of Sundarbans
    Hindawi Publishing Corporation Archaea Volume 2015, Article ID 968582, 14 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/968582 Research Article Diversity and Distribution of Archaea in the Mangrove Sediment of Sundarbans Anish Bhattacharyya,1 Niladri Shekhar Majumder,2 Pijush Basak,1 Shayantan Mukherji,3 Debojyoti Roy,1 Sudip Nag,1 Anwesha Haldar,4 Dhrubajyoti Chattopadhyay,1 Suparna Mitra,5 Maitree Bhattacharyya,1 and Abhrajyoti Ghosh3 1 Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, West Bengal 700019, India 2RocheDiagnosticsIndiaPvt.Ltd.,Block4C,AkashTower,NearRubyHospital,781Anandapur,Kolkata700107,India 3Department of Biochemistry, Bose Institute, P1/12, C. I. T. Road, Scheme VIIM, Kolkata, West Bengal 700054, India 4Department of Geography, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, West Bengal 700019, India 5Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia and Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7UA, UK Correspondence should be addressed to Dhrubajyoti Chattopadhyay; [email protected], Suparna Mitra; [email protected], Maitree Bhattacharyya; [email protected], and Abhrajyoti Ghosh; [email protected] Received 30 March 2015; Revised 25 June 2015; Accepted 14 July 2015 Academic Editor: William B. Whitman Copyright © 2015 Anish Bhattacharyya et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Mangroves are among the most diverse and productive coastal ecosystems in the tropical and subtropical regions. Environmental conditions particular to this biome make mangroves hotspots for microbial diversity, and the resident microbial communities play essential roles in maintenance of the ecosystem.
    [Show full text]
  • Characteristics and Metabolic Patterns of Soil Methanogenic Archaea Communities in the High Latitude Natural Wetlands of China
    Characteristics and Metabolic Patterns of Soil Methanogenic Archaea Communities in the High Latitude Natural Wetlands of China Di Wu Northeast Forestry University Caihong Zhao Northeast Forestry University Hui Bai Forestry Science Research Institute of Heilongjiang Province Fujuan Feng Northeast Forestry University Xin Sui Heilongjiang University Guangyu Sun ( [email protected] ) Northeast Forestry University Research article Keywords: Wetlands, Methanogens, Community diversity, Indicator species, Methanogenic metabolic patterns Posted Date: August 12th, 2020 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-54821/v1 License: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Read Full License Page 1/18 Abstract Background: Soil methanogenic microorganisms are one of the primary methane-producing microbes in wetlands. However, we still poorly understand the community characteristic and metabolic patterns of these microorganisms according to vegetation type and seasonal changes. Therefore, to better elucidate the effects of the vegetation type and seasonal factors on the methanogenic community structure and metabolic patterns, we detected the characteristics of the soil methanogenic mcrA gene from three types of natural wetlands in different seasons in the Xiaoxing'an Mountain region, China. Result: The results indicated that the distribution of Methanobacteriaceae (hydrogenotrophic methanogens) was higher in winter, while Methanosarcinaceae and Methanosaetaceae accounted for a higher proportion in summer. Hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis was the dominant trophic pattern in each wetland. The results of principal coordinate analysis and cluster analysis showed that the vegetation type considerably inuenced the methanogenic community composition. The methanogenic community structure in the Betula platyphylla – Larix gmelinii wetland was relatively different from the structure of the other two wetland types.
    [Show full text]
  • Synthetic Turf Scientific Advisory Panel Meeting Materials
    California Environmental Protection Agency Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment Synthetic Turf Study Synthetic Turf Scientific Advisory Panel Meeting May 31, 2019 MEETING MATERIALS THIS PAGE LEFT BLANK INTENTIONALLY Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment California Environmental Protection Agency Agenda Synthetic Turf Scientific Advisory Panel Meeting May 31, 2019, 9:30 a.m. – 4:00 p.m. 1001 I Street, CalEPA Headquarters Building, Sacramento Byron Sher Auditorium The agenda for this meeting is given below. The order of items on the agenda is provided for general reference only. The order in which items are taken up by the Panel is subject to change. 1. Welcome and Opening Remarks 2. Synthetic Turf and Playground Studies Overview 4. Synthetic Turf Field Exposure Model Exposure Equations Exposure Parameters 3. Non-Targeted Chemical Analysis Volatile Organics on Synthetic Turf Fields Non-Polar Organics Constituents in Crumb Rubber Polar Organic Constituents in Crumb Rubber 5. Public Comments: For members of the public attending in-person: Comments will be limited to three minutes per commenter. For members of the public attending via the internet: Comments may be sent via email to [email protected]. Email comments will be read aloud, up to three minutes each, by staff of OEHHA during the public comment period, as time allows. 6. Further Panel Discussion and Closing Remarks 7. Wrap Up and Adjournment Agenda Synthetic Turf Advisory Panel Meeting May 31, 2019 THIS PAGE LEFT BLANK INTENTIONALLY Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment California Environmental Protection Agency DRAFT for Discussion at May 2019 SAP Meeting. Table of Contents Synthetic Turf and Playground Studies Overview May 2019 Update .....
    [Show full text]
  • Supplementary Information for Microbial Electrochemical Systems Outperform Fixed-Bed Biofilters for Cleaning-Up Urban Wastewater
    Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology. This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2016 Supplementary information for Microbial Electrochemical Systems outperform fixed-bed biofilters for cleaning-up urban wastewater AUTHORS: Arantxa Aguirre-Sierraa, Tristano Bacchetti De Gregorisb, Antonio Berná, Juan José Salasc, Carlos Aragónc, Abraham Esteve-Núñezab* Fig.1S Total nitrogen (A), ammonia (B) and nitrate (C) influent and effluent average values of the coke and the gravel biofilters. Error bars represent 95% confidence interval. Fig. 2S Influent and effluent COD (A) and BOD5 (B) average values of the hybrid biofilter and the hybrid polarized biofilter. Error bars represent 95% confidence interval. Fig. 3S Redox potential measured in the coke and the gravel biofilters Fig. 4S Rarefaction curves calculated for each sample based on the OTU computations. Fig. 5S Correspondence analysis biplot of classes’ distribution from pyrosequencing analysis. Fig. 6S. Relative abundance of classes of the category ‘other’ at class level. Table 1S Influent pre-treated wastewater and effluents characteristics. Averages ± SD HRT (d) 4.0 3.4 1.7 0.8 0.5 Influent COD (mg L-1) 246 ± 114 330 ± 107 457 ± 92 318 ± 143 393 ± 101 -1 BOD5 (mg L ) 136 ± 86 235 ± 36 268 ± 81 176 ± 127 213 ± 112 TN (mg L-1) 45.0 ± 17.4 60.6 ± 7.5 57.7 ± 3.9 43.7 ± 16.5 54.8 ± 10.1 -1 NH4-N (mg L ) 32.7 ± 18.7 51.6 ± 6.5 49.0 ± 2.3 36.6 ± 15.9 47.0 ± 8.8 -1 NO3-N (mg L ) 2.3 ± 3.6 1.0 ± 1.6 0.8 ± 0.6 1.5 ± 2.0 0.9 ± 0.6 TP (mg
    [Show full text]
  • WO 2018/064165 A2 (.Pdf)
    (12) INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT) (19) World Intellectual Property Organization International Bureau (10) International Publication Number (43) International Publication Date WO 2018/064165 A2 05 April 2018 (05.04.2018) W !P O PCT (51) International Patent Classification: Published: A61K 35/74 (20 15.0 1) C12N 1/21 (2006 .01) — without international search report and to be republished (21) International Application Number: upon receipt of that report (Rule 48.2(g)) PCT/US2017/053717 — with sequence listing part of description (Rule 5.2(a)) (22) International Filing Date: 27 September 2017 (27.09.2017) (25) Filing Language: English (26) Publication Langi English (30) Priority Data: 62/400,372 27 September 2016 (27.09.2016) US 62/508,885 19 May 2017 (19.05.2017) US 62/557,566 12 September 2017 (12.09.2017) US (71) Applicant: BOARD OF REGENTS, THE UNIVERSI¬ TY OF TEXAS SYSTEM [US/US]; 210 West 7th St., Austin, TX 78701 (US). (72) Inventors: WARGO, Jennifer; 1814 Bissonnet St., Hous ton, TX 77005 (US). GOPALAKRISHNAN, Vanch- eswaran; 7900 Cambridge, Apt. 10-lb, Houston, TX 77054 (US). (74) Agent: BYRD, Marshall, P.; Parker Highlander PLLC, 1120 S. Capital Of Texas Highway, Bldg. One, Suite 200, Austin, TX 78746 (US). (81) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every kind of national protection available): AE, AG, AL, AM, AO, AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BH, BN, BR, BW, BY, BZ, CA, CH, CL, CN, CO, CR, CU, CZ, DE, DJ, DK, DM, DO, DZ, EC, EE, EG, ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, GT, HN, HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IR, IS, JO, JP, KE, KG, KH, KN, KP, KR, KW, KZ, LA, LC, LK, LR, LS, LU, LY, MA, MD, ME, MG, MK, MN, MW, MX, MY, MZ, NA, NG, NI, NO, NZ, OM, PA, PE, PG, PH, PL, PT, QA, RO, RS, RU, RW, SA, SC, SD, SE, SG, SK, SL, SM, ST, SV, SY, TH, TJ, TM, TN, TR, TT, TZ, UA, UG, US, UZ, VC, VN, ZA, ZM, ZW.
    [Show full text]