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Terra Latinoamericana ISSN: 0187-5779 ISSN: 2395-8030 Sociedad Mexicana de la Ciencia del Suelo A.C. Ruíz Juárez, Daniel; Azaola Espinosa, Alejandro; Esquivel Esquivel, Gilberto; Segundo Pedraza, Eva; Silva Rojas, Hilda Victoria Interaction microenvironment - Pantoea agglomerans limits maize yield Terra Latinoamericana, vol. 36, no. 1, 2018, January-March, pp. 75-83 Sociedad Mexicana de la Ciencia del Suelo A.C. DOI: https://doi.org/10.28940/terra.v36i1.374 Available in: https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=57355808008 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System Redalyc More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America and the Caribbean, Spain and Journal's webpage in redalyc.org Portugal Project academic non-profit, developed under the open access initiative Interaction microenvironment - Pantoea agglomerans limits maize yield La interacción microclima – Pantoea agglomerans limita el rendimiento de maíz Daniel Ruíz Juárez1,4, Alejandro Azaola Espinosa2‡, Gilberto Esquivel Esquivel3, Eva Segundo Pedraza4, and Hilda Victoria Silva Rojas5‡ 1 Programa Doctorado Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Conacyt. Calzada del Hueso 1100, Coyoacán. 04960 CDMX, México. 2 Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Departamento Sistemas Biológicos. Calzada del Hueso 1100, Coyoacán. 04960 CDMX, México. ‡ Autores responsables ([email protected]); ([email protected]) 3 Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias. Carretera Los Reyes-Texcoco km 13.5. 56250 Coatlinchán, Texcoco, Edo. de México. 4 Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Departamento de Producción Agrícola y Animal, Calzada del Hueso 1100, Coyoacán. 04960 CDMX, México. 5 Colegio de Postgraduados, PREGEP-Producción de Semillas, Campus Montecillo. 56230 Montecillo, Edo. de México, México. SUMMARY RESUMEN Pantoea agglomerans has been reported as the Pantoea agglomerans ha sido reportada como cause of chlorotic streaks on maize leaves in the la causa de estrías cloróticas en las hojas de maíz en Central High Valleys of México (CVHM), but there los Valles Altos Centrales de México, aún no existen are no current data of how the infection of this new datos de incidencia o gravedad actuales para este nuevo pathogen in Mexico affects production and yield patógeno en el cultivo. Para comprender el desarrollo de la enfermedad en el campo, se establecieron dos of the crop. To understand the development of the experimentos con un diseño de parcelas divididas y disease in the crop, two experiments with a split-plot tres repeticiones durante el ciclo primavera-verano design and three replications were established during de 2010 en dos localidades: Ayapango y Temamatla. spring-summer 2010 in different microenvironments: Se evaluaron tres cultivares de maíz (un híbrido Ayapango and Temamatla. Three cultivars of maize tri-lineal HS2, el híbrido de cruza simple Triunfo (a tri-linear HS2 hybrid, the single-cross hybrid y el Cacahuacintle nativo) con tres aislamientos Triunfo and the native Cacahuacintle) were evaluated de P. agglomerans. Los datos del progreso de la with three P. agglomerans isolates. In the three maize enfermedad se estimaron a partir de los datos de cultivars, chlorotic streaks appeared on new leaves; at incidencia y severidad en el tiempo, y para indicar las the ripening stage, the symptoms were less perceptible. diferencias signif icativas entre los tratamientos con The average incidence of plants with chlorotic streaks un intervalo de conf ianza del α = 0.05. En los tres was higher in the town of Temamatla than in Ayapango, cultivares de maíz aparecieron estrías cloróticas en las and in both microenvironments, the average degree of hojas nuevas; en la etapa de maduración, los síntomas severity was less than 40%. Isolate A was the most fueron menos perceptibles. La incidencia promedio de virulent (P < 0.0001) on the three cultivars evaluated. plantas con estrías cloróticas fue mayor en la localidad These results will provide the basis for effective de Temamatla que en Ayapango, y en ambos lugares, management of the disease under environmental el grado promedio de severidad fue menor al 40%. El aislado A fue el más virulento (P < 0.0001) en los tres conditions similar to those evaluated in this research. cultivares evaluados. Estos resultados proporcionarán la base para el manejo efectivo de la enfermedad en Index words: chlorotic streaks, Pantoea agglomerans, condiciones ambientales similares a las evaluadas en maize disease, microclimate. esta investigación. Cita recomendada: Recibido: octubre de 2017. Aceptado: diciembre de 2017. Ruíz Juárez, D., A. Azaola Espinosa, G. Esquivel Esquivel, E. Segundo Publicado en Terra Latinoamericana 36: 75-83. Pedraza, and H. V. Silva Rojas. 2017. Interaction microenvironment - Pantoea agglomerans limits maize yield. Terra Latinoamericana 36: 75-83. DOI: https://doi.org/10.28940/terra.v36i1.374 76 TERRA LATINOAMERICANA VOLUMEN 36 NÚMERO 1, 2018 Palabras clave: estrías cloróticas, Pantoea The causal agent of the diseases and chlorotic agglomerans, infección en maíz, microclima. streak symptoms described above are Gram negative microorganisms from the Enterobacteriaceae family INTRODUCTION that have a Type III secretion system with the ability to export proteins involved in the process of colonizing Growing human population demands intensive the intercellular spaces of plant tissues and cause increment in agricultural activity to produce foods from death (Collmer et al., 2000). This secretion system has plant origin. The impact of environmental stress and the been reported in plant pathogens including Pantoea appearance of diseases caused by fungal or bacterial stewartii subp stewartii, Pseudomonas, Erwinia, species are the major constraints to production (Boyd Xanthomonas, Ralstonia (Collmer et al., 2000) and et al., 2013). Maize (Zea mays L.) is one of the crops Agrobacterium vitis and has been associated with the most used worldwide: an average harvested area of 157 production of exopolysaccharide (EPS), which causes million hectares and production of 781 mega tons from vascular occlusion (Chalupowicz et al., 2008). In 2000 to 2014. It is a vital source of food security in many P. agglomerans (Barash and Manulis-Sasson, 2007), countries in North and Latin America and Sub-Saharan because of the occlusions caused by EPS produced by Africa (Ramírez-Cabral et al., 2017). México, with 8 this bacterium, symptoms such as chlorotic streaks, million hectares of maize, contributes a production of water-soaked necrotic spots and putrescence have been 18 mega tons, of which 2.3 million tons are grown in reported in microenvironments signif icantly different the State of Mexico, the third largest producer of maize in terms of temperature, humidity and species of plants. nationally, mostly by producers who farm ejidos or Small or large climate variations and its correlation with communal lands (Paulino-Flores et al., 2017). These bacterial diseases is a current global concern about the producers are identif ied as being particularly sensitive extent and importance of causes and of its effects that to negative impacts of global economic integration and affect the incidence and prevalence of symptoms and market liberalization (Eakin, 2005). loss of crops in a worldwide. Bacterial wilt, chlorotic Among the biotic factors, bacteria are an important streaks, necrosis are an important bacterial maize group of phytopathogens that affect crop health and disease throughout the world from North to South the phytosanitary quality of seed. The f irst bacterial America (Forgey et al., 1982; Smidt and Vidaver, attacks in maize were reported in 1949. Now, reports of 1986; Valencia-Torres et al., 2004; Albarracin-Orio diseases include several symptoms, which are shown in et al., 2012), Africa (Coutingo and Wallis, 1991), Table 1. Asia (Hui-Ying et al., 2011) and Europe (Krawczyk Table 1. Reported diseases caused by bacterial attack in maize. Disease Causal agent Reference Striped disease Xanthomonas campestris pv. zeae Coutingo and Wallis, 1991 Goss’s bacterial wilt Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. nebraskensis (= Corynebacterium Smidt and Vidaver, 1986 michiganense subsp. nebraskense) Bacterial wilt or Stewart’s wilt Pantoea stewartii (= Erwinia stewartii) Forgey et al., 1982 Holcus spot Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae Kendrick, 1926 Bacterial foliar wilt Acidovorax avenae subsp. avenae (= Pseudomonas avenae) Johnson et al., 1949 Bacterial stalk rot Dickeya chrysanthemi f. sp. zeae (= Erwinia chrysanthemi) Sah and Arny, 1990 Bacterial stripe and leaf spot Burkholderia andropogonis (= Pseudomonas andropogonis) Vidaver and Carlson, 1978 Chocolate spot Pseudomonas syringae pv. coronafaciens Ribeiro et al., 1977; White, 2004 Maize brown stalk rot Pantoea ananatis Goszczynska et al., 2007; Krawczyk et al., 2010 Bacterial stripe and stem rot B. andropogonis Gijón-Hernández et al., 2008 Bacterial wilt P. stewartii Valencia-Torres et al., 2004 Foliar bacterial wilt A. avenae subsp. avenae CIMMYT, 2004 Brown stalk rot caused P. ananatis Gijón-Hernández et al., 2008 RUÍZ ET AL. INTERACTION MICROENVIRONMENT - PANTOEA AGGLOMERANS LIMITS MAIZE YIELD 77 et al., 2010) and with different cultivar as pearl millet 2003) from the National Institute of Research in (Frederickson et al., 1997), rice (Lee et al., 2010) and Forestry, Agriculture and Fishing (INIFAP); and the cotton (Medrano and Bell, 2007). native Cacahuacintle from CHVM. The two improved In Mexico, there are no