DOCSLIB.ORG

Land Policy Formulation and Implementation in North Africa

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Land Policy Formulation and Implementation in North Africa GEO Cities Manual/Guidelines for Integrated Environmental Assessment of Urban Areas Working Manual Arab Region GEO Cities Manual/Guidelines for Integrated Environmental Assessment of Urban Areas Working Manual Arab Region December 2009 II Disclaimers The contents and views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the agencies cooperating in this project. The opinions, figures and estimates set forth in this publication should not necessarily be considered as reflecting the view or carrying the endorsement of UNEP or cooperating agencies. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNEP or cooperating agencies concerning the legal status of any country, territory or city or area of its authorities, or the delineation of its frontiers and boundaries. Mention of a commercial company or product in this publication does not imply the endorsement of the United Nation Environment Programme or cooperating agencies. The use of information from this publication concerning proprietary products for publicity or advertising in not permitted. Trademark names and symbols are used in an editorial fashion with no intention of infringement on trademark or copyright laws We regret any errors or omissions that may have been unwittingly made. III Acknowledgments UNEP acknowledges the contributions made by many individuals and institutions in the preparation of this document. A special word of thanks goes to the Environmental Center for Arab Towns (ECAT) for co-funding this project and for reviewing the document. A special word of thank goes to Engineer Mohamed Al Noori, Director of ECAT, Dr. Radhiya Yahya Al Hashimi, former Director of ECAT, and Engineer Khalid Jaman Al Sokhny currently with Abu Dhabi Municipalities. Our thanks are also extended to the British Council for attending the regional meeting on GEO cities and integrating assessment outcomes into policies and decision making 25-27 November 2008, Cairo, Egypt and delivering a presentation on “The Future City Game.’’ The full list of names to acknowledge is given below. Lead Author: Ahmed O. El-Kholei UNEP Coordination: Adel Abdel-Kader UNEP Extended Team Yasmina Adra, Abdul-Majeid Haddad, Sotiria Christine Nomicos, Hiba Sadaka Reviewers Asma Ali Abahussain, Amira Abdullah Abdel Aziz, Ahmed Abdelrehim, Izzat Ahmad Abu Humra, Suzan Mohammed Al-Ajjawi, Issa Musa Al-Baradeyia, Radhiya Al-Hashimi, Numan Mohammad Husni Al-Helo, Ameen Mohamed Qaid Al-Hmadi, Naeem Salim Al-Musharrafi, Khaled Jama’n Al-Sokhny, Langar Belhassen, Francis Hatem El-Kallassi, Youssef Emad, Mahmoud Mohamed Hamed, Passant Mahmoud Hamza, Hamed Mahmood Ibrahim, Mona Mohamed Ahmed Kamal, Guro Sornes Kjerscttow, Issam Miqdadi, Samah Rislan, Mayar Sabet, Samir Sayed, Luna Abu-Swaireh, Abdallah Abdul Wahab, Shahira Hassan Ahmed Wahbi IV CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................................................. VII LIST OF FIGURES .............................................................................................................................. VIII LIST OF BOXES ................................................................................................................................... IX PREFACE ............................................................................................................................................. X INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................. 1 1. CITIES ......................................................................................................................................... 3 REASONS FOR CITIES .................................................................................................................................. 3 Economies of Scale ........................................................................................................................... 3 Agglomeration of Economies ............................................................................................................ 3 Comparative Advantage ................................................................................................................... 3 Export versus Service Sectors ............................................................................................................ 3 RATIONALE FOR PLANNING .......................................................................................................................... 4 Market Imperfection ......................................................................................................................... 4 Public Good ....................................................................................................................................... 4 Externalities ...................................................................................................................................... 4 Distributive Justice ............................................................................................................................ 4 Institutional Transformation............................................................................................................. 5 2. GEO CITIES METHODOLOGY ....................................................................................................... 5 FOCUS OF THE ANALYSIS .............................................................................................................................. 8 ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK: DPSIR MATRIX ..................................................................................................... 9 IEA PROCESS .......................................................................................................................................... 13 MONITORING, DATA AND INDICATORS ......................................................................................................... 14 STRUCTURE OF THE GEO CITIES REPORT ...................................................................................................... 15 GEO Cities reports - proposed structure ......................................................................................... 15 Urban-environmental components of the DPSIR matrix ................................................................. 16 Urbanization components .............................................................................................................. 16 Environment components ............................................................................................................... 16 PRESSURE: POLICY, SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CONTEXT ...................................................................................... 17 Historic evolution of local urbanization .......................................................................................... 17 Description of the local political-administrative structure ............................................................. 17 Analysis of local socio-economic factors......................................................................................... 18 Definition of core indicators: Pressure indicators .......................................................................... 28 STATE OF THE ENVIRONMENT ..................................................................................................................... 42 Local ecosystems ............................................................................................................................ 43 Analysis of the state of the environment’s natural resources ........................................................ 43 Definition of core indicators: State indicators ............................................................................... 55 Impact of the state of the environment .......................................................................................... 63 Definition of core indicators: Impact indicators.............................................................................. 74 IMPACT STRATEGY ................................................................................................................................... 90 What is an impact strategy? ........................................................................................................... 90 When does the team prepare an impact strategy and who is responsible for it? .......................... 90 The need an impact strategy .......................................................................................................... 90 V Attributes of impact strategies and traditional communications activities ................................... 92 Steps in building an impact strategy .............................................................................................. 93 RESPONSES: POLICY INTERVENTIONS AND INSTRUMENTS ................................................................................. 94 Identification of key stakeholders related to the urban environment ............................................ 94 Urban environmental management structures and functioning .................................................... 96 The implementation of the environmental policies ........................................................................ 96 Options for adaptation to climate change in
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Policy Notes for the Trump Notes Administration the Washington Institute for Near East Policy ■ 2018 ■ Pn55
    TRANSITION 2017 POLICYPOLICY NOTES FOR THE TRUMP NOTES ADMINISTRATION THE WASHINGTON INSTITUTE FOR NEAR EAST POLICY ■ 2018 ■ PN55 TUNISIAN FOREIGN FIGHTERS IN IRAQ AND SYRIA AARON Y. ZELIN Tunisia should really open its embassy in Raqqa, not Damascus. That’s where its people are. —ABU KHALED, AN ISLAMIC STATE SPY1 THE PAST FEW YEARS have seen rising interest in foreign fighting as a general phenomenon and in fighters joining jihadist groups in particular. Tunisians figure disproportionately among the foreign jihadist cohort, yet their ubiquity is somewhat confounding. Why Tunisians? This study aims to bring clarity to this question by examining Tunisia’s foreign fighter networks mobilized to Syria and Iraq since 2011, when insurgencies shook those two countries amid the broader Arab Spring uprisings. ©2018 THE WASHINGTON INSTITUTE FOR NEAR EAST POLICY. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. THE WASHINGTON INSTITUTE FOR NEAR EAST POLICY ■ NO. 30 ■ JANUARY 2017 AARON Y. ZELIN Along with seeking to determine what motivated Evolution of Tunisian Participation these individuals, it endeavors to reconcile estimated in the Iraq Jihad numbers of Tunisians who actually traveled, who were killed in theater, and who returned home. The find- Although the involvement of Tunisians in foreign jihad ings are based on a wide range of sources in multiple campaigns predates the 2003 Iraq war, that conflict languages as well as data sets created by the author inspired a new generation of recruits whose effects since 2011. Another way of framing the discussion will lasted into the aftermath of the Tunisian revolution. center on Tunisians who participated in the jihad fol- These individuals fought in groups such as Abu Musab lowing the 2003 U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • The Birth of Al-Wahabi Movement and Its Historical Roots
    The classification markings are original to the Iraqi documents and do not reflect current US classification. Original Document Information ~o·c·u·m·e·n~tI!i#~:I~S=!!G~Q~-2!110~0~3~-0~0~0~4'!i66~5~9~"""5!Ii!IlI on: nglis Title: Correspondence, dated 24 Sep 2002, within the General Military Intelligence irectorate (GMID), regarding a research study titled, "The Emergence of AI-Wahhabiyyah ovement and its Historical Roots" age: ARABIC otal Pages: 53 nclusive Pages: 52 versized Pages: PAPER ORIGINAL IRAQI FREEDOM e: ountry Of Origin: IRAQ ors Classification: SECRET Translation Information Translation # Classification Status Translating Agency ARTIAL SGQ-2003-00046659-HT DIA OMPLETED GQ-2003-00046659-HT­ FULL COMPLETED VTC TC Linked Documents I Document 2003-00046659 ISGQ-~2~00~3~-0~0~04~6~6~5~9-'7':H=T~(M~UI:7::ti""=-p:-a"""::rt~)-----------~II • cmpc-m/ISGQ-2003-00046659-HT.pdf • cmpc-mIlSGQ-2003-00046659.pdf GQ-2003-00046659-HT-NVTC ·on Status: NOT AVAILABLE lation Status: NOT AVAILABLE Related Document Numbers Document Number Type Document Number y Number -2003-00046659 161 The classification markings are original to the Iraqi documents and do not reflect current US classification. Keyword Categories Biographic Information arne: AL- 'AMIRI, SA'IO MAHMUO NAJM Other Attribute: MILITARY RANK: Colonel Other Attribute: ORGANIZATION: General Military Intelligence Directorate Photograph Available Sex: Male Document Remarks These 53 pages contain correspondence, dated 24 Sep 2002, within the General i1itary Intelligence Directorate (GMID), regarding a research study titled, "The Emergence of I-Wahhabiyyah Movement and its Historical Roots".
    [Show full text]
  • The Case of EU-Tunisian Migration Relations
    Framing and shaping migration governance: the case of EU-Tunisian migration relations By: Luca Lixi A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Sheffield Faculty of Social Sciences Department of Politics May 2019 ABSTRACT Migration governance is an organisational process, which means it centres on how organisations make sense of and respond to signals from their environment. This thesis contributes to the study of migration governance by developing comparative insight into how organisationally bound and ‘situated’ migration governance processes in Tunisia and at European Union (EU) level relate to each other and, through their actions and inactions, define the challenges that they face. An abundance of literature is available on the ‘EU’s external migration governance’. However, much of this literature focuses on the policy outputs produced, or the policy outcomes determined, often reaching assumptions on processes of migration governance based on these analyses. As the EU has been the main driver of this policy production, the literature developed is largely Eurocentric, and often fails to give adequate and equal consideration to non-EU state dynamics. To address these issues, the thesis develops an actor-centred analysis of the organisational processes through which migration is conceptualised in the EU and in Tunisia, building from theories that value the importance of framing and sensemaking. Based on forty three interviews with migration governance actors across the two cases and extensive use of the primary and secondary literature, it analyses the dual meaning of migration governance, as actors first need to make sense of migration diagnosing its causes and consequences; and then prognosing a line of work that follows such diagnoses.
    [Show full text]
  • Notes on the Political Sociology of Chad
    The Dynamics of National Integration: Ladiba Gondeu Working Paper No. 006 (English Version) THE DYNAMICS OF NATIONAL INTEGRATION: MOVING BEYOND ETHNIC CONFLICT IN A STATE-IN-WAITING LADIBA GONDEU October 2013 The Sahel Research Group, of the University of Florida’s Center for African Studies, is a collaborative effort to understand the political, social, economic, and cultural dynamics of the countries which comprise the West African Sahel. It focuses primarily on the six Francophone countries of the region—Senegal, Mauritania, Mali, Burkina Faso, Niger, and Chad—but also on in developments in neighboring countries, to the north and south, whose dy- namics frequently intersect with those of the Sahel. The Sahel Research Group brings together faculty and gradu- ate students from various disciplines at the University of Florida, in collaboration with colleagues from the region. Acknowledgements: This work is the fruit of a four month academic stay at the University of Florida Center for African Studies as a Visiting Scholar thanks to the kind invitation of the Profesor Leonardo A. Villalón, Coordinator of the Sahel Research Group. I would like to express my deep appreciation and gratitude to him and to his team. The ideas put forth in this document are mine and I take full responsibility for them. About the Author: Ladiba Gondeu, Faculty Member in the Department of Anthropology at the University of N’Djamena, and Doctoral Candidate, Paris School of Graduate Studies in Social Science for Social Anthropology and Ethnology. Ladiba Gondeu is a Chadian social anthropologist specializing in civil society, religious dynamics, and project planning and analysis.
    [Show full text]
  • The Arab Bureau, Land Policy, and the Doineau Trial in French Algeria, 1830-1870
    “It is Not in a Day That a Man Abandons His Morals and Habits”: The Arab Bureau, Land Policy, and the Doineau Trial in French Algeria, 1830-1870 by K.A. Bowler Department of History Duke University Date:___________________ Approved: ______________________________ William Reddy, Supervisor ______________________________ Malachi Hacohen ______________________________ Akram Khater ______________________________ Donald Reid ______________________________ Alex Roland Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of History in the Graduate School of Duke University 2011 ABSTRACT: “It is Not in a Day That a Man Abandons His Morals and Habits”: The Arab Bureau, Land Policy, and the Doineau Trial in French Algeria, 1830-1870 by K.A. Bowler Department of History Duke University Date:___________________ Approved: ______________________________ William Reddy, Supervisor ______________________________ Malachi Hacohen ______________________________ Akram Khater ______________________________ Donald Reid ______________________________ Alex Roland An abstract of a dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of History in the Graduate School of Duke University 2011 Copyright 2011 by K.A. Bowler Abstract This dissertation revises influential scholarship on nineteenth-century French colonial policy in Algeria. After French troops conquered Algeria in 1830, French civilian and military administrations competed for control. There were two major points of conflict between the civilian and military administrative branches: the extent to which the French should adopt or tolerate pre-existing political and social norms; and, most important, the process by which Europeans acquired and settled the land belonging to the indigenous population. In general, the military, especially the Arab Bureau, advocated a tolerance for and acceptance of local legal and social customs and supported a slow process of European colonization.
    [Show full text]
  • Semiotic and Discursive Displays of Tamazight Identity on Facebook: a Sociolinguistic Analysis of Revitalization Efforts in Post-Revolutionary Tunisia
    City University of New York (CUNY) CUNY Academic Works All Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects 5-2019 Semiotic and Discursive Displays of Tamazight Identity on Facebook: A Sociolinguistic Analysis of Revitalization Efforts in Post-Revolutionary Tunisia Soubeika Bahri The Graduate Center, City University of New York How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! More information about this work at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/gc_etds/3098 Discover additional works at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu This work is made publicly available by the City University of New York (CUNY). Contact: [email protected] SEMIOTIC AND DISCURSIVE DISPLAYS OF TAMAZIGHT IDENTITY ON FACEBOOK: A SOCIOLINGUISTIC ANALYSIS OF REVITALIZATION EFFORTS IN POST-REVOLUTIONARY TUNISIA by SOUBEIKA (WAFA) BAHRI A dissertation submitted to the Graduate Faculty in Linguistics in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, The City University of New York. 2019 ©2019 SOUBEIKA (WAFA) BAHRI All Rights Reserved ii Semiotic and Discursive Displays of Tamazight Identity on Facebook: A Sociolinguistic Analysis of Revitalization Efforts in Post-Revolutionary Tunisia. by Soubeika (Wafa) Bahri This manuscript has been read and accepted for the Graduate Faculty in Linguistics in satisfaction of the dissertation requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. _________________ _________________________________________ Date Cecelia Cutler Chair of Examining Committee _________________ _________________________________________ Date Gita Martohardjono Executive Officer Supervisory Committee: Michael Newman Miki Makihara Lotfi Sayahi THE CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK iii ABSTRACT Semiotic and Discursive Displays of Tamazight Identity on Facebook: A Sociolinguistic Analysis of Revitalization Efforts in Post-Revolutionary Tunisia.
    [Show full text]
  • The Impact of Islam on Urban Development in North Africa May 2004
    The Impact of Islam on Urban Development in North Africa IMPORTANT NOTICE: Author: Dr. R. Saoud Chief Editor: Professor Salim Al-Hassani All rights, including copyright, in the content of this document are owned or controlled for these purposes by FSTC Limited. In Production: Faaiza Bashir accessing these web pages, you agree that you may only download the content for your own personal non-commercial use. You are not permitted to copy, broadcast, download, store (in any medium), transmit, show or play in public, adapt or Release Date: May 2004 change in any way the content of this document for any other purpose whatsoever without the prior written permission of FSTC Publication ID: 4056 Limited. Material may not be copied, reproduced, republished, Copyright: © FSTC Limited, 2003 2004 downloaded, posted, broadcast or transmitted in any way except for your own personal non-commercial home use. Any other use requires the prior written permission of FSTC Limited. You agree not to adapt, alter or create a derivative work from any of the material contained in this document or use it for any other purpose other than for your personal non-commercial use. FSTC Limited has taken all reasonable care to ensure that pages published in this document and on the MuslimHeritage.com Web Site were accurate at the time of publication or last modification. Web sites are by nature experimental or constantly changing. Hence information published may be for test purposes only, may be out of date, or may be the personal opinion of the author. Readers should always verify information with the appropriate references before relying on it.
    [Show full text]
  • Civil Society and the State in Tunisia (2010-2019)
    IBN HALDUN UNIVERSITY ALLIANCE OF CIVILIZATION INSTITUTE DEPARTMENT OF CIVILIZATION STUDIES MASTER’S THESIS REVOLUTION AND HEGEMONY: CIVIL SOCIETY AND THE STATE IN TUNISIA (2010-2019) SALİH DOĞAN NOVEMBER 2019 ABSTRACT REVOLUTION AND HEGEMONY: CIVIL SOCIETY AND THE STATE IN TUNISIA (2010-2019) DOĞAN, SALİH M.A. in Civilization Studies Thesis Advisor: Dr. Önder Küçükural November 2019, 96 Pages The popular uprisings in late 2010 in Tunisia resulted in political and social changes across the country as well as in the region. While the uprisings in other countries ended up with chaos, civil war and military coup, in Tunisia, Zine El Abidine Ben Ali’s 23 years-long authoritarian rule was removed and through democratic elections the new constitution was adopted by the assembly. In this process, Tunisia was considered as the only successful country in terms of democratic transition in the democratization literature. It is argued that the Tunisian success was because of the existence of a robust civil society. By contending this claim, this thesis explains the post-revolutionary period in Tunisia in the light of Gramsci’s civil society theory. Civil society, in Gramscian sense, is considered as sum of ideological, intellectual and cultural apparatuses producing consent for the hegemony of the ruling class of the state. In this context, the thesis argues that in post-Ben Ali period the idea of tunisianite which signifies the Tunisian national identity and the Bourguibist modernity acted as the apparatuses preventing the revolutionary break with the past and maintaining hegemony of the ruling class which ruled the country since its independence.
    [Show full text]
  • Occupation and the Colonization of Algeria from 1830 to 1870: a Struggle for Dominance
    OCCUPATION AND THE COLONIZATION OF ALGERIA FROM 1830 TO 1870: A STRUGGLE FOR DOMINANCE A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES OF MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY BY CANAN HALAÇO ĞLU IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCES IN MIDDLE EAST STUDIES SEPTEMBER 2013 Approval of the Graduate School of Social Sciences Prof. Dr. Meliha Altunı şık Director I certify that this thesis satisfies all the requirements as a thesis for the degree of Master of Arts. Assoc. Prof. Dr. Özlem Tür Head of Department This is to certify that we have read this thesis and that in our opinion it is fully adequate, in scope and quality, as a thesis for the degree of Master of Arts. Prof. Dr. Recep Boztemur Supervisor Examining Committee Members Assoc. Prof. Dr. Özlem Tür (METU, IR) Prof. Dr. Recep Boztemur (METU, HIST) Assist. Prof. Dr. Selçuk Dursun (METU, HIST) I hereby declare that all information in this document has been obtained and presented in accordance with academic rules and ethical conduct. I also declare that, as required by these rules and ethical conduct, I have fully cited and referenced all material and results that are not original to this work. Name, Surname: Canan Halaço ğlu Signature: iii To the memory of my beloved mother iv ABSTRACT OCCUPATION AND THE COLONIZATION OF ALGERIA FROM 1830 TO 1870: A STRUGGLE FOR DOMINANCE Canan Halaço ğlu M.S., Middle East Studies Advisor: Prof. Dr. Recep Boztemur September 2013, 86 pages The occupation and the colonization of Algeria had a special place in French history and politics, from the onset to the independence, and continue to be so.
    [Show full text]
  • Reports on Completed Research for 2007
    Reports on Completed Research for the year 2007 The Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research, Inc. is a private operating foundation dedicated to the advancement of anthropology throughout the world. Through a variety of programs, the Foundation aids research in all branches of anthropology and closely related disciplines concerned with human origins, development, and variation. This report is a compilation of edited abstracts for completed research submitted by grantees in 2007, as stipulated in their grant agreements. The Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research, Inc. 470 Park Ave. South, 8th Floor North • New York, NY 10016-6819 Phone: 212.683.5000 • FAX: 212.683.9151 REPORTS ON COMPLETED RESEARCH The following research projects, supported by Foundation grants, were reported as complete during 2007. The reports are listed by subdiscipline and geographic area (where applicable), in alphabetical order. A Bibliography of Publications resulting from Foundation-supported research (as reported for the same period) follows, as well as an Index of Grantees Reporting Completed Research. ARCHAEOLOGY Africa: ZOE CROSSLAND, then a student at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, was awarded a grant in January 1999 to aid research on “State Formation in a Border Region, Andranstsay, Madagascar,” supervised by Dr. Henry T. Wright. Archaeological fieldwork was carried out in the Andrantsay region of the central highlands of Madagascar in 1999 and 2000. Using field survey, information was collected on the changing social and political landscapes of the region. The distribution over time and space of occupation sites, tombs, standing stones, and other landscape features was recorded, in an area of over 10km- square.
    [Show full text]
  • Gendering French in Tunisia: Language Ideologies and Nationalism
    Portland State University PDXScholar Applied Linguistics Faculty Publications and Presentations Applied Linguistics 1-1-2011 Gendering French in Tunisia: language ideologies and nationalism Keith Walters Portland State University Follow this and additional works at: https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/ling_fac Part of the Anthropological Linguistics and Sociolinguistics Commons Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Citation Details Walters, K. (2011). Gendering French in Tunisia: language ideologies and nationalism. International Journal Of The Sociology Of Language, 2011(211), 83-111. This Article is brought to you for free and open access. It has been accepted for inclusion in Applied Linguistics Faculty Publications and Presentations by an authorized administrator of PDXScholar. Please contact us if we can make this document more accessible: [email protected]. Gendering French in Tunisia: language ideologies and nationalism* Keith Walters Abstract This paper seeks to describe and account for a common ideology among Tuni- sians and North Africans more broadly that associates the use of French with women, thereby symbolically associating the use of Arabic with men. In this regard, the use of French can be said to be “gendered” there. In an effort to historicize this phenomenon, I sketch the social history of French in Tunisia, particularly in regards to the access female and male Tunisians would histori- cally have had to it through the institution of schooling. I then consider the different relationships contemporary Tunisian men and women have with French. Finally, I seek to contextualize these relationships in light of other ideologies that are part of Tunisian daily life, particularly notions of “authen- ticity” and “openness”, tropes of many forms of discourse in Tunisia.
    [Show full text]
  • Casting Light on the Arab Spring a Survey of Influential Economic Factors in the Arab Spring Countries
    Casting Light on the Arab Spring A Survey of Influential Economic Factors in the Arab Spring Countries Ugurhan Berkok, Royal Military College of Canada and Queen’s University Christopher E. Penney, Royal Military College of Canada Nicholas Andexer, Royal Military College of Canada Mohammed Douch, Royal Military College of Canada Adugna Olani, Queen’s University Abdelkerim Ousman, Royal Military College of Canada Prepared By: Department of Economics, Queen’s University 94 University Avenue, Kingston, ON, Canada K7L 3N6 Contract Project Manager: Ugurhan Berkok, 613 533 2291 ext 32291 PWGSC Contract Number: RMCC Serial #2009-0302-SLA CSA: Tania Yazbeck, DRDC CORA Defence Economics Team, 613-995-2445 The scientific or technical validity of this Contract Report is entirely the responsibility of the Contractor and the contents do not necessarily have the approval or endorsement of the Department of National Defence of Canada. Contract Report DRDC-RDDC-2015-C111 January 2015 © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, as represented by the Minister of National Defence, 2015 © Sa Majesté la Reine (en droit du Canada), telle que représentée par le ministre de la Défense nationale, 2015 JOHN DEUTSCH INSTITUTE FOR THE STUDY OF ECONOMIC POLICY Casting Light on the Arab Spring A Survey of Influential Economic Factors in the Arab Spring Countries Prepared By: Ugurhan Berkok, Royal Military College of Canada and Queen’s University Editor, Author of Iraq, Jordan and Tunisia Chapters Christopher E. Penney, Royal Military College of Canada Editor, Author
    [Show full text]