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Discovery of DNA Structure and Function: Watson and Crick By: Leslie A
01/08/2018 Discovery of DNA Double Helix: Watson and Crick | Learn Science at Scitable NUCLEIC ACID STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION | Lead Editor: Bob Moss Discovery of DNA Structure and Function: Watson and Crick By: Leslie A. Pray, Ph.D. © 2008 Nature Education Citation: Pray, L. (2008) Discovery of DNA structure and function: Watson and Crick. Nature Education 1(1):100 The landmark ideas of Watson and Crick relied heavily on the work of other scientists. What did the duo actually discover? Aa Aa Aa Many people believe that American biologist James Watson and English physicist Francis Crick discovered DNA in the 1950s. In reality, this is not the case. Rather, DNA was first identified in the late 1860s by Swiss chemist Friedrich Miescher. Then, in the decades following Miescher's discovery, other scientists--notably, Phoebus Levene and Erwin Chargaff--carried out a series of research efforts that revealed additional details about the DNA molecule, including its primary chemical components and the ways in which they joined with one another. Without the scientific foundation provided by these pioneers, Watson and Crick may never have reached their groundbreaking conclusion of 1953: that the DNA molecule exists in the form of a three-dimensional double helix. The First Piece of the Puzzle: Miescher Discovers DNA Although few people realize it, 1869 was a landmark year in genetic research, because it was the year in which Swiss physiological chemist Friedrich Miescher first identified what he called "nuclein" inside the nuclei of human white blood cells. (The term "nuclein" was later changed to "nucleic acid" and eventually to "deoxyribonucleic acid," or "DNA.") Miescher's plan was to isolate and characterize not the nuclein (which nobody at that time realized existed) but instead the protein components of leukocytes (white blood cells). -
DNA: the Timeline and Evidence of Discovery
1/19/2017 DNA: The Timeline and Evidence of Discovery Interactive Click and Learn (Ann Brokaw Rocky River High School) Introduction For almost a century, many scientists paved the way to the ultimate discovery of DNA and its double helix structure. Without the work of these pioneering scientists, Watson and Crick may never have made their ground-breaking double helix model, published in 1953. The knowledge of how genetic material is stored and copied in this molecule gave rise to a new way of looking at and manipulating biological processes, called molecular biology. The breakthrough changed the face of biology and our lives forever. Watch The Double Helix short film (approximately 15 minutes) – hyperlinked here. 1 1/19/2017 1865 The Garden Pea 1865 The Garden Pea In 1865, Gregor Mendel established the foundation of genetics by unraveling the basic principles of heredity, though his work would not be recognized as “revolutionary” until after his death. By studying the common garden pea plant, Mendel demonstrated the inheritance of “discrete units” and introduced the idea that the inheritance of these units from generation to generation follows particular patterns. These patterns are now referred to as the “Laws of Mendelian Inheritance.” 2 1/19/2017 1869 The Isolation of “Nuclein” 1869 Isolated Nuclein Friedrich Miescher, a Swiss researcher, noticed an unknown precipitate in his work with white blood cells. Upon isolating the material, he noted that it resisted protein-digesting enzymes. Why is it important that the material was not digested by the enzymes? Further work led him to the discovery that the substance contained carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and large amounts of phosphorus with no sulfur. -
Alternative Sports Medicine What's New and How You Can Get Back
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE February 2007 Contact: Sue Seecof, Rolf Institute, [email protected], 800-530-8875 Alternative Sports Medicine What’s New And How You Can Get Back On Your Feet In No Time Boulder, CO..."Alternative approaches can be helpful for just about any soft tissue injury an athlete’s likely to incur, whether it’s a less-serious acute problem, such as a sprain or pulled hamstring, or a chronic condition such as tendonitis or knee pain." Women’s Outside, Fall ‘99. Kristen Ulmer, former World Champion Extreme skier and U.S. Freestyle Ski team, mogul specialist, who had a series of knee surgeries as a result of injuries and tendonitis says, "After the surgery I had excruciating pain and could not drive or walk." Revered as the "best female Extreme skier" for the past 8-9 years, Ulmer tried Rolfing® bodywork for soft tissue injuries and says it brought her hips and ankles back into alignment, and the pain disappeared. "It healed so fast I can't believe it!" says Kristen. "The expected 6 month recovery time was cut in half, and three months after surgery I was trekking to Cho Oyu on a Himalayan ski expedition." "Ulmer was desperate to find relief from her chronic knee pain. So after her most recent surgery, she rested her knee and signed up for ten Rolfing treatments. By the time she had received Rolfing from head to toe, she was pain-free for the first time in years and is back on the slopes." Women's Sports and Fitness, July ‘99. -
Rolfing: Structural Integration As American Metaphysical Religiosity
Rolfing: Structural Integration as American Metaphysical Religiosity by Sarahbelle Alyson Marsh B.A., Bates College, 2005 A thesis submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Colorado in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Arts Department of Religious Studies 2011 This thesis entitled: Rolfing: Structural Integration as American Metaphysical Religiosity written by Sarahbelle Alyson Marsh has been approved for the Department of Religious Studies ________________________________________ Dr. Deborah Whitehead And ____________________________________ Dr. Lynn Ross‐Bryant ______________________________________ Professor Nada Diachenko Date The final copy of this thesis has been examined by the signatories, and we Find that both the content and the form meet acceptable presentation standards Of scholarly work in the above mentioned discipline Marsh, Sarahbelle Alyson (M.A., Religious Studies) Rolfing: Structural Integration as American Metaphysical Religiosity Thesis directed by Assistant Professor Deborah Whitehead Dr. Ida P. Rolf and her life’s work of Structural Integration or Rolfing is a product of early twentieth century American metaphysical thought. Rolfing is an American form of somatic bodywork that strives to overcome the Cartesian mind/body split. Through structural work via manual manipulation, Rolfing attempts to achieve physical health and emotional intelligence. This paper explores four major aspects of Rolfing as American Metaphysical religiosity, as defined by Catherine L. Albanese in Republic of Mind and Spirit: A Cultural History of American Metaphysical Religion. The project also explores the origins of somatic bodywork and the metaphysical idea of spiritual transformation through physical change. The Esalen Institute is examined for its part in developing a secular American metaphysical religiosity that fostered and promoted Rolfing. -
Energy Medicine in Therapeutics and Human Performance / James L
B UTTERWORTH H EINEMANN An Imprint of Elsevier Science The Curtis Center Independence Square West Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19106 ENERGY MEDICINE IN THERAPEUTICS AND ISBN 0-7506-5400-7 HUMAN PERFOMANCE Copyright © 2003, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Permissions may be sought directly from Elsevier’s Health Sciences Rights Department in Philadelphia, PA, USA: phone: (+1) 215 238 7869, fax: (+1) 215 238 2239, e-mail: [email protected]. You may also complete your request on-line via the Elsevier Science homepage (http://www.elsevier.com), by selecting ‘Customer Support’ and then ‘Obtaining Permissions.’ NOTICE Complementary and alternative medicine is an ever-changing field. Standard safety precautions must be followed, but as new research and clinical experience broaden our knowledge, changes in treatment and drug therapy may become necessary or appropriate. Readers are advised to check the most current product information provided by the manufacturer of each drug to be administered to verify the rec- ommended dose, the method and duration of administration, and contraindications. It is the respon- sibility of the licensed prescriber, relying on experience and knowledge of the patient, to determine dosages and the best treatment for each individual patient. Neither the publisher nor the editors assume any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property arising from this publication. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Oschman, James L. -
Reflections on the Historiography of Molecular Biology
Reflections on the Historiography of Molecular Biology HORACE FREELAND JUDSON SURELY the time has come to stop applying the word revolution to the rise of new scientific research programmes. Our century has seen many upheavals in scientific ideas--so many and so varied that the notion of scientific revolution has been stretched out of shape and can no longer be made to cover the processes of change characteristic of most sciences these past hundred years. By general consent, two great research pro- grammes arising in this century stand om from the others. The first, of course, was the one in physics that began at the turn of the century with quantum theory and relativity and ran through the working out, by about 1930, of quantum mechanics in its relativistic form. The trans- formation in physics appears to be thoroughly documented. Memoirs and biographies of the physicists have been written. Interviewswith survivors have been recorded and transcribed. The history has been told at every level of detail and difficulty. The second great programme is the one in biology that had its origins in the mid-1930s and that by 1970 had reached, if not a conclusion, a kind of cadence--a pause to regroup. This is the transformation that created molecular biology and latter-day biochemistry. The writing of its history has only recently started and is beset with problems. Accounting for the rise of molecular biology began with brief, partial, fugitive essays by participants. Biographies have been written of two, of the less understood figures in the science, who died even as the field was ripening, Oswald Avery and Rosalind Franklin; other scientists have wri:tten their memoirs. -
Complementary and Alternative Medicine Table of Contents Related Coverage Resources
Medical Coverage Policy Effective Date ............................................. 2/15/2021 Next Review Date ....................................... 2/15/2022 Coverage Policy Number .................................. 0086 Complementary and Alternative Medicine Table of Contents Related Coverage Resources Overview.............................................................. 1 Acupuncture Coverage Policy .................................................. 1 Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk General Background ........................................... 3 Assessment: Emerging Laboratory Evaluations Medicare Coverage Determinations .................. 36 Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): Coding/Billing Information ................................. 37 Assessment and Treatment References ........................................................ 39 Autism Spectrum Disorders/Pervasive Developmental Disorders: Assessment and Treatment Biofeedback Chiropractic Care Drug Testing Hyperbaric and Topical Oxygen Therapies Physical Therapy INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE The following Coverage Policy applies to health benefit plans administered by Cigna Companies. Certain Cigna Companies and/or lines of business only provide utilization review services to clients and do not make coverage determinations. References to standard benefit plan language and coverage determinations do not apply to those clients. Coverage Policies are intended to provide guidance in interpreting certain standard benefit plans administered by Cigna Companies. Please -
Complementary and Alternative Medicine
Corporate Medical Policy Complementary and Alternative Medicine File Name: complementary_and_alternative_medicine Origination: 12/2007 Last CAP Review: 2/2021 Next CAP Review: 2/2022 Last Review: 2/2021 Description of Procedure or Service The National Center for Complementary and Integrative Medicine (NCCIH), a component of the National Institutes of Health, defines complementary, alternative medicine (CAM) as a group of diverse medical and health care systems, practices, and products that are not presently considered to be part of conventional or allopathic medicine. While some scientific evidence exists regarding some CAM therapies, for most there are key questions that are yet to be answered through well-designed scientific studies-questions such as whether these therapies are safe and whether they work for the diseases or medical conditions for which they are used. Complementary medicine is used together with conventional medicine. Complementary medicine proposes to add to a proven medical treatment. Alternative medicine is used in place of conventional medicine. Alternative means the proposed method would possibly replace an already proven and accepted medical intervention. NCCIM classifies CAM therapies into 5 categories or domains: • Whole Medical Systems. These alternative medical systems are built upon complete systems of theory and practice. These systems have evolved apart from, and earlier than, the conventional medical approach used in the U.S. Examples include: homeopathic and naturopathic medicine, Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ayurveda, Macrobiotics, Naprapathy and Polarity Therapy. • Mind-Body Medicine. Mind-body interventions use a variety of techniques designed to enhance the mind’s capacity to affect bodily functions and symptoms. Some techniques have become part of mainstream practice, such as patient support groups and cognitive-behavioral therapy. -
Choosing HEALTH
“Natural forces are the healers of disease.” Hippocrates choosing By Choosing HEALTH – choosing • Know precisely how to heal your body to be symptom free, robust and vital • Distinguish all of the lifestyle elements that restore, protect and enhance your health • Discover how proper diet, exercise, rest and relaxation can improve your energy and well-bHEALTH HEAHEALLTHTH Interpret questionnaires, home tests and read your own lab work Learn how to harness natural forces to know how each system of your body functions Understand with certainty the exact the cause of your symptoms or illnesses to restore, protect and enhance your health Validate the results of your selfcare by actually measuring the improvements in your health Dr. Force’s Functional Selfcare Workbook Force’s Dr. Take control of your own health now and for the future Doctor Force has been practicing natural health care since 1984 and has always been a strong advocate for people being in control of their own health. His focus in practice is the diagnoses and treatment of complex and chronic illnesses. He has published numerous professional papers, been a technical contributor to manuals on laboratory diagnosis and clinical nutrition, taught diagnostics and natural therapies to physicians, and aided nutritional manufacturers in developing nutritional formulas. U.S. $29.95 Dr. Force’s Functional Selfcare Workbook choosing HEALTH Dr. Forces Functional Selfcare Workbook © 2003 Mark Force, D.C. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America The Elements of Health 233 Fourth Street Ashland, Oregon 97520 © 2003 Mark Force, D.C. No part of this workbook may be reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission except: H Forms from the CD may This workbook is not for the treatment or cure of any disease. -
Biological Chemistry Department
MINISTRY OF HEALTH OF UKRAINE ZAPORIZHZHIA STATE MEDICAL UNIVERSITY Biological Chemistry Department Biological chemistry A manual for independent work at home and in class preparation for licensing examination “KROK 1” on semantic modules 6, 7 of module 2 for students of International Faculty (the second year of study) Zaporizhzhia 2017 UDC 577.1(075) BBC 28.902я73 B60 Ratified on meeting of the Central methodical committee of Zaporozhye State Medical University (protocol N 3 from 02_03_17) and it is recommended for the use in educational process for foreign students. Reviewers: Prihodko O. B., Head of Department of Medical Biology, Parasitology and Genetics. Dr. Hab, assoc. professor; Belenichev I. F., Head of Department of Pharmacology and Medicinal Preparations, Dr. Hab., professor Authors: Aleksandrova K. V., Romanenko M. I., Krisanova N. V., Ivanchenko D. G., Rudko N. P., Levich S. V. Biological chemistry : a manual for independent work at home and in class preparation for licensing examination "KROK 1" on semantic modules 6, 7 of module 2 for students of International Faculty (the second year of study) / K. V. Aleksandrova, М. І. Romanenko, N. V. Krisanova, D. G. Ivanchenko, N. P. Rudko, S. V. Levich. – Zaporizhzhia : ZSMU, 2017. – 213 p. This manual is recommended for II year students of International Faculty of specialty "General medicine" studying biological chemistry, as additional material to prepare for practical training semantic modules 6, 7 of module 2 and licensing exam "KROK 1: General medical training". Біологічна хімія : навч.-метод. посіб. для самостійної роботи при підготовці до ліцензійного іспиту "КРОК 1" змістових модулів 6, 7 модулю 2 для студентів 2 курсу міжнар. -
STRUCTURAL INTEGRATION: the JOURNAL of - - 2 the ROLF INSTITUTE ® from the EDITOR in CHIEF March 2018 COLUMNS Vol
tructural ntegration S ® I THE JOURNAL OF THE ROLF INSTITUTE MARCH 2018 TABLE OF CONTENTS STRUCTURAL INTEGRATION: THE JOURNAL OF - - 2 THE ROLF INSTITUTE ® FROM THE EDITOR IN CHIEF March 2018 COLUMNS Vol. 46, No. 1 Ask the Faculty: About Feet 3 Rolf Movement® Faculty Perspective: The Feet – Learning and Landing 7 PUBLISHER Rebecca Carli-Mills The Rolf Institute of Structural Integration CONSIDERNG THE FEET 5055 Chaparral Ct., Ste. 103 Boulder, CO 80301 USA Sentient Foundations 9 Mary Bond (303) 449-5903 (303) 449-5978 Fax Freewheelin’ with Jan Sultan: The Feet and More 12 Michael Boblett and Jan Sultan EDITORIAL BOARD Maps of the Feet: A Window into Subjective Experience, 16 Anne F. Hoff, Editor-in-Chief a Tool for Therapeutic Evaluation Shonnie Carson, Lineage Editor Beatriz Pacheco Szaja Gottlieb, Research/Science Editor The Three-Dimensional Foot, Part 3: Opening the Generous Sole 19 Linda Loggins, Movement Editor Michael Boblett Heidi Massa, Latin America Editor The Psychobiology of the Feet 23 Keren’Or Pézard, Arts Editor Anne Hoff John Schewe, Faculty Liason Feet from Another Perspective: An Interview with Naturopathic Doctor 29 Matt Walker, Asia/Pacific Editor and Regenerative Orthopedic Specialist Samuel Oltman Naomi Wynter-Vincent, Europe Editor Michael Boblett and Samuel Oltman Diana Cary Lynn Cohen Minimalism: Put Your Shoes to the Test 32 Craig Ellis Karin Edwards Wagner Lina Hack The Three-Dimensional Animal, Part 2: Archicebus Achilles, 35 Dorothy Miller Metatarsals, and the Generous Sole Meg Maurer Michael Boblett Deanna -
DISCOVERING the DOUBLE HELIX a Look Back in Time to the History of the Discovery of DNA and Its Structure – Work Which Would Change Medicine and Science Forever
THE BIOMEDICAL SCIENCE SCIENCE THE BIOMEDICAL 30 SCIENTIST The big story The big story SCIENTIST 31 Left. Photo 51 – an X-ray diffraction image of DNA. Right. Rosalind Franklin. DISCOVERING THE DOUBLE HELIX A look back in time to the history of the discovery of DNA and its structure – work which would change medicine and science forever. NA is as old as history itself, theories, its suggestion that life hadn’t characteristics that passed from one but human understanding magically appeared but had copied itself, generation to the next but also the ratios of the genetic code that adapted and evolved over time – vast of those inherited characteristics. The determines the shape, size, time – changed the focus of scientific paper that came out of this intensive colour and behaviour of all imagination and enquiry. observation, Experiments on Plant living things only began its Gregor Mendel, a monk and teacher Hybridisation, published in 1866, was so far embryonic formation in 1859 with a sideline in science and research, ahead of its time that it wasn’t until 1900 with the publication of living in what would be the modern-day that other scientists had caught up with Charles Darwin’s trailblazing work On The Czech Republic, took the next step. him and rediscovered his work. Only then DOrigins of Species by Means of Natural Selection. Between 1856 and 1863 he conducted could they appreciate the thoroughness Though the book offered nothing in the thousands of cross-breeding experiments of his methodology and understand the IMAGES: KINGS COLLEGE LONDON/ALAMY way of a biochemical explanation for its on pea plants.