DOCSLIB.ORG

February 25, 1979 Washington, D.C

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
February 25, 1979 Washington, D.C IE WHITE XOUSE THE DAILY DIARY OF PRESIDENT JIMMY CARTER Xh’iiOH DATE t&10.. Day. Y;.: THE WHITE HOUSE FEBRUARY 25, 197; TIME D A Y WASHINGTON, n.C. 6:00 a.m.SUNDAY IONE TIME ACT:VrrY From TO 6:00 The President received a wake up call from the White House signal board operator. 7:32 The President talked with Secretary of State Cyrus R. Vance. 8:34 The President talked with Fred M. Gregg, Vice President for Marketing, Equitable Life Insurance Company, Washington, D.C. and the President's Sunday Schcol teacher. 8:40 The President had breakfast with: The First Lady Jack and Judy Carter Jason Carter 9:24 9:29 The President talked with Dr. Paul C. Broun, Physician to the President's brother, Billy Carter. 9:33 9:36 The President talked with Secretary Vance. 9:45 The President went to the South Grounds. He was accompanied by: The First Lady Jack and Judy Carter Jason Carter 9:46 9:52 The Presidential party motored from the South Grounds to the First Baptist Church, 1328 16th Street, N.W. The Presidential party was greeted by; Charles A. Trentham, Pastor, First Baptist Church Charles R. Sanks, Jr., Associate Pastor, First Baptist Church 10:40 The President attended adult Sunday Schcol class. The President went to the Church Sanctuary. He was accompanied by: The First Lady Jack and Judy Carter Al Rusher The Presidential party attended worship services. 12:05 The President and the First Lady returned to their motorcade. They were accompanied by: Jack and Judy Carter Jason Carter Al Rusher ;r, ‘777 z--:;&:, E Wt+iTE HOUSE TilE DAli’l DIARY OF PRESIDEfiT JIMMY CARTER )cxrloK DATE \&do.. Day. ‘~‘r.: FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH FEBRUARY 25, 1979 WASHINGTON, D.C. TIME DAY 12:05 p.m. SLNDAY OhE TlME ACT:VlTY From To .2:05 12:08 The Presidential party motored from the First Baptist Church to the South Grounds of the White House. .2:10 The Presidential party went to the second floor Residence. .2:35 The President had lunch with: The First Lady Jack and Judy Carter Chip Carter Mr. Rusher 1:16 1:17 The President talked with his Counsel, Robert J. Lipshutz. 1:21 The President went to the Oval Office. 1:45 2:oo The President met with: Walter F. Mondale, Vice President Secretary Vance Zbigniew Brzezinski, Assistant for Nationa.1 Security Affairs Hamilton Jordan, Assistant 2:oo 2:45 I The President met to discuss Middle East Peace negotiations with: Moshe Dayan, Minister of Foreign Affairs of the State of Israel Mustafa Khalil, Prime Minister of the Arab Republic of Egypt Secretary Vance Mr. Brzezinski 2:44 The Presidential party went to the Cabinet Room. The Presidential party was joined by members of the U.S., Egyptian, and Israeli official parties. 2:46 The Presidential party went to the South Grounds. 2:45 2:50 The President made a statement to the press on the progress / of the Middle East peace negotiations. Members of the press I 2:50 i The President returned to the Oval Office. I 2~52 j The President returned to the South Grounds. I ! - E WHITE HOUSE THE DAILY DIARY OF PRESIDENT JIMMY CARTER mnoh DA-lE IA~O.. Day. Yr.! TIJE WHITE HOUSE FEBRUARY 25, 197" WI4SHINGTON, D.C. TlME DAY 2:52 p.m. SUNDAY TIME ACT:VITY From I To 2:52 2:58 The President motored from the South Crounds to the Hyatt Regency Hotel, 400 New Jersey Avenue, N.W. The President was greeted by General Manager of the Hyatt Regency Hotel, Klaus Reinke. 3:OO 3:28 The President attended a meeting of the National Governors Association Committee on International Trade and Foreign Relations. Members of the press 3:oo The President went to the head table in the Yorktown Room. For a list of head table guests, see APPENPIX "A." 3:Ol The President was introduced by Governor George S. Busbee (D-Georgia). 3:02 3:14 The President addressed approximately 300 guests attending the meeting. 3:14 3:2f The President participated in a question and answer session. 3:28 The President returned to his motorcade. 3:28 3:3 The President motored from the Hyatt Regency Hotel to the South Grounds of the White House. 3:35 The President returned to the Oval Office. 3:52 The President returned to the second floor Residence. 3:55 The President and the First Lady went to the Red Room. 3:55 5:4 The President and the First Lady hosted a ballet recital by dancer Mikhail Baryshnikov. For a list of attendees, see APPENDIX "B." Members of the press 4:05 The President and the First Lady went to the East Room. The Presidential party attended a performance by Mr. Baryshnikov. The performance was taped for broadcast on public television. 5:06 The President and the First Lady escorted Mr. Baryshnikov to the State Dining Room. THE DAILY DIARY OF PRESIDENT JIMMY CARTER -~ DARE Wo.. Oay. \rr.: THE WHITE HOUSE FEBRUARY 25, 1979 'ASHINGTON, D.C. TIME D A Y 5:06 p.m. SUNDAY HOhE TIME ACT:VITY From TO The Presidential party received guests attending a reception following the recital. For a list of attendees, see APPENDIX "C." 5:43 The President returned to the second floor Residence. 5:51 c,:Ol The President talked with Dr. Broun. 6:42 6:43 The President talked with his Press Secretary, Joseph L. "Jody" Powell. 6:54 5:56 The President talked with former Director of the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Thomas B. "Bert" Lance. 7:20 The President went to the family theatre. He was accompanied by: The First Lady Amy Carter Jason Carter The Presidential party watched the movie "Magic." 9:15 The Presidential party returned to the second floor Residence. LO:23 P The President gave a message to the White House signal board operator. LO:30 The President retired. IO:32 P The President telephoned Secretary Vance. The call was not completed. lo:36 10:37 P The President talked with Mr. Brzezinski. 11 11:16 R The President talked with Secretary Vance. -.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • After the Accords Anwar Sadat
    WMHSMUN XXXIV After the Accords: Anwar Sadat’s Cabinet Background Guide “Unprecedented committees. Unparalleled debate. Unmatched fun.” Letters From the Directors Dear Delegates, Welcome to WMHSMUN XXXIV! My name is Hank Hermens and I am excited to be the in-room Director for Anwar Sadat’s Cabinet. I’m a junior at the College double majoring in International Relations and History. I have done model UN since my sophomore year of high school, and since then I have become increasingly involved. I compete as part of W&M’s travel team, staff our conferences, and have served as the Director of Media for our college level conference, &MUN. Right now, I’m a member of our Conference Team, planning travel and training delegates. Outside of MUN, I play trumpet in the Wind Ensemble, do research with AidData and for a professor, looking at the influence of Islamic institutions on electoral outcomes in Tunisia. In my admittedly limited free time, I enjoy reading, running, and hanging out with my friends around campus. As members of Anwar Sadat’s cabinet, you’ll have to deal with the fallout of Egypt’s recent peace with Israel, in Egypt, the greater Middle East and North Africa, and the world. You’ll also meet economic challenges, rising national political tensions, and more. Some of the problems you come up against will be easily solved, with only short-term solutions necessary. Others will require complex, long term solutions, or risk the possibility of further crises arising. No matter what, we will favor creative, outside-the-box ideas as well as collaboration and diplomacy.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 the Turks and Europe by Gaston Gaillard London: Thomas Murby & Co
    THE TURKS AND EUROPE BY GASTON GAILLARD LONDON: THOMAS MURBY & CO. 1 FLEET LANE, E.C. 1921 1 vi CONTENTS PAGES VI. THE TREATY WITH TURKEY: Mustafa Kemal’s Protest—Protests of Ahmed Riza and Galib Kemaly— Protest of the Indian Caliphate Delegation—Survey of the Treaty—The Turkish Press and the Treaty—Jafar Tayar at Adrianople—Operations of the Government Forces against the Nationalists—French Armistice in Cilicia—Mustafa Kemal’s Operations—Greek Operations in Asia Minor— The Ottoman Delegation’s Observations at the Peace Conference—The Allies’ Answer—Greek Operations in Thrace—The Ottoman Government decides to sign the Treaty—Italo-Greek Incident, and Protests of Armenia, Yugo-Slavia, and King Hussein—Signature of the Treaty – 169—271 VII. THE DISMEMBERMENT OF THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE: 1. The Turco-Armenian Question - 274—304 2. The Pan-Turanian and Pan-Arabian Movements: Origin of Pan-Turanism—The Turks and the Arabs—The Hejaz—The Emir Feisal—The Question of Syria—French Operations in Syria— Restoration of Greater Lebanon—The Arabian World and the Caliphate—The Part played by Islam - 304—356 VIII. THE MOSLEMS OF THE FORMER RUSSIAN EMPIRE AND TURKEY: The Republic of Northern Caucasus—Georgia and Azerbaïjan—The Bolshevists in the Republics of Caucasus and of the Transcaspian Isthmus—Armenians and Moslems - 357—369 IX. TURKEY AND THE SLAVS: Slavs versus Turks—Constantinople and Russia - 370—408 2 THE TURKS AND EUROPE I THE TURKS The peoples who speak the various Turkish dialects and who bear the generic name of Turcomans, or Turco-Tatars, are distributed over huge territories occupying nearly half of Asia and an important part of Eastern Europe.
    [Show full text]
  • Folder: 5/16/80; Container 162 to Se
    5/16/80 Folder Citation: Collection: Office of Staff Secretary; Series: Presidential Files; Folder: 5/16/80; Container 162 To See Complete Finding Aid: http://www.jimmycarterlibrary.gov/library/findingaids/Staff_Secretary.pdf WITHDRAWAL SHEET (PRESIDENTIAL LIBRARIES) FORM OF CORRESPONDENTS OR TITLE DATE RESTRICTION DOCUMENT 2l..2'n ,.... .c ""'' , ''"''co1-. u M:. �-.,....; ...:1 • .._� ru ,.., __£ c:: + ,. + "' • .cable wfat1 -� 5 I 13 I 8 o A �·�. fte: Meeting at the Kreml±Tt• (13 P't":t­ J I ' l/!?!& 0 jc,...I(Ac � �I "' " . � ·t/t..C-/1£- J_/ 1.? i memo . w I at.t, Pet!er 'faLnoff to £Ligniew Brze:zdfisJ�i-. 5116180 A Re. Calr on PLesiaent b:y .formeF EEiJyptian 0 .,... _,.,._' u. .t:: ...._,_ ,' .I .., ,._.._..._,,.� ..�-�..._ ..._��-.._ •·����.._._. .L'\.UCl.L.L.Lo \'-.1.:-J.:- "" tt'(Jo.t.d fer t.4c !VLS:-�.. /J.....C• )..r� J.7, I J 3 !l/171/J ,, ··, .� FILE LOCATION Carter Presid�ntial Papers- Staff. Offices,. Office of Staff Sec.­ Pres. Handwriting File·, "5/16180." Box 186 RESTRICTION CODES (AI Closed by Executive Order 12356'governing access to national security information. (B) Closed by statute or by the agency which originated the document. (C) Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in the donor's deed of gift. NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND REC�RDS .ADMI�ISTRATION NA FORM 1429 (6-85) THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON May 15, 1980 MEMORANDUM FOR THE PRESIDENT � FROM: JACK WATSO SUBJECT: Yesterday, 5,601 persons seeking asylum from Cuba arrived in Key West; it was largest single-day's total to date.
    [Show full text]
  • Guantanamo Gazette Guantanamo Bay, Cuba
    Carter calls for another Camp David Mideast summit approval of the cabinet and the Is- WASHINGTON (AP) -- Saying he's de- tiations between Khalil and Israeli why Egyptian President Anwar Sadat raeli parliament. termined to "spare no effort" for Foreign Minister Moshe Dayan. Car- would not be coming to Camp David And in Jerusalem, Begin had no Mideast peace, President Jimmy Car- ter said Egypt and Israel shared for the new summit. immediate comment on the Carter in- ter yesterday called for a new Camp his determination to complete the He represented Egypt last Septem- vitation. David summit conference to try to long-elusive peace treaty. ber in arranging a framework for Israeli officials there were sur- conclude a treaty between Egypt and Carter's statement indicated some the treaty, along with Carter and prised by Carter's announcement that Israel. headway was made by Secretary of Begin. Egypt would be represented by Khalil. Underlining the urgency Carter State Cyrus Vance in the four days Sadat is the unquestioned decision They said it was possible Begin said he hopes to have the talks with of talks with Khalil and Dayan at maker in Egypt. There is no doubt may refuse the invitation unless Prime Ministers Menachem Begin of the Maryland mountain retreat. that Khalil would seek his approval Sadat also attends. Israel and Mustafa Khalil of Egypt But Carter gave no details. before taking any major steps at the White House spokesman Jody Powell started by the end of the week. He saw the two ministers to their talks. said we would know "midweek or so" Carter made the announcement yes- waiting black limousines without Begin would be able to speak for whether the new round of negotia- ay afternoon on the White House taking any questions from reporters.
    [Show full text]
  • L WWTE 4Iouse
    THE WWTE 4iOUSE THE DAILY DIARY OF PRESIDENT JIMMY CARTER I L DATE MO.. Day. Yr.) OCATION ABOARD AIR FORCE ONE MARCH 8, 1979 TlME DAY c 3:23 a.m.THURSDAY( TihiE ACTIVITY I From Enroute from Andrews AFB, Maryland, Air Force One arrived at Lajes Field, Terceira Island, Azores, Portugal. For a list of passengers, see APPENDIX "A." 3:29 The President was greeted by: Brig. Gen. Richard T. Drury, Commander U.S. Forces, Azores Mrs. Richard T. Drury 3:33 The President, escorted by Brig. Gen. and Mrs. Drury, went to the holding room. The President was greeted by: Co!. Kenneth S. Landon, Chief of Staff, U.S. Forces, Azores Mrs. Kenneth S. Landon Capt. Leo V. Rabuck, Commander, U.S. Naval Forces, Azores Mrs. Leo V. Rabuck 3:50 The President returned to Air Force One. 4:22 1:56 The President flew by Air Force One from Lajes Field to a.m. p.m. Cairo International Airport, Cairo, Arab Republic of Egypt. For a list of passengers, see APPENDIX "A." (Actual flying time: 6 hours, 34 minutes) 1:56 2:20 The President and the First Lady participated in an arrival ceremony on the occasion of their visit to the Arab Republic of Egypt. Members of the press The President and the First Lady were greeted by President of the Arab Republic of Egypt and Mrs. Anwar al-Sadat and a delegation of Egyptian officials. For a list of attendees, see APPENDIX "B." The President and President Sadat reviewed the troops. 2:15 The President and the First Lady, escorted by President and Mrs.
    [Show full text]
  • Revolution Without Reform: a Critique of Egypt's Election Laws
    Texas A&M University School of Law Texas A&M Law Scholarship Faculty Scholarship 1-2013 Revolution without Reform: A Critique of Egypt's Election Laws Sahar F. Aziz Texas A&M University School of Law, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.tamu.edu/facscholar Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation Sahar F. Aziz, Revolution without Reform: A Critique of Egypt's Election Laws, 45 Geo. Wash. Int'l L. Rev. 1 (2013). Available at: https://scholarship.law.tamu.edu/facscholar/93 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Texas A&M Law Scholarship. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Scholarship by an authorized administrator of Texas A&M Law Scholarship. For more information, please contact [email protected]. REVOLUTION WITHOUT REFORM? A CRITIQUE OF EGYPT'S ELECTION LAWS SAHAR F. Aziz* ABSTRACT This Article compares Egypt's election laws before and after the Janu- ary 25 Revolution to determine whether the changes are sufficient to pro- duce the structural reforms Egyptians demand. This Article concludes that Egyptian elections processes and institutions remain insufficiently transparent,fail to produce results reflecting the diversity within Egyp- tian society, and fail to offer all Egyptians-especially women and relig- ious minorities-an equal opportunity to actively participate in governance of their country. The Article critically assesses recent changes in Egypt's electoral regime and considers whether Egypt had a revolution without reform. The the- sis is twofold. First, the post-revolution amendments worsen prospectsfor Egyptian women and Coptics to be elected to office, thereby further marginalizing them in the public sphere.
    [Show full text]
  • BRITISH DIPLOMATIC. CAIHO. February 3, 1960 Dear Department
    1 2 cms PUBLIC RECORD OFFICE ins 1 1 I 2 / 1 Piea:;e note that this copy is supplied subject to the Public Record Office's terms and conditions and that your iJSe of it may be subject to copyright restrictions. Further information is given in the enclosed Terms and Conditions of supply of Public Records' leaflet V BRITISH DIPLOMATIC. FB11980 \ CAIHO. February 3, 1960 Dear Department, Trie press has announced the issue of a Republican Decree to annul the decision taken by the Revolutionary Council on April 14, 1954, whereby all party Ministers who held office between February 6, 1942, and July 23, 1952 were deprived of political risthts and the right to belong to councils and'unions and other organisations. This Decree will have the effect of restoring their political rights to a number of persons (the press said 153) of whom the following are, or rather were, the best known:- Forraer Wafdlsts: Mustafa 31-Nahas, Osman Moharram, Abdel-Salarn Gomaa, Abdel-Pattah El-Tawil, Fuad Serag Kddin, Ahmed Hainza, Mahmoud ouliman G-hannarn, Abdel-Latif Mahmoud, lorahim para^, Hamed Zaky, Mohammed Balah Eddin, Abdel-Fattah Hassan, Hussein £l-Juindi, Abdel-uieguid Abdel-Hak, Abael-Hairiid Abdel-Iiak. Former Saadists: Ibrahim Abdel-Hady, Abdel-Meguid Badr, Naguib Iskander, Mamdouh Riad, Ahmed Moursy Badr, Abdel-Razzak Aiimed Kl-Sanhoury. Former Constitutional Liberals: Ahmed Abdel-Ghaffar, Abdel-Meguid Ibrahim Saleh, Ahmed Aly Allouba. Former Kotla Party: Makram Ebeid. The press gave a perfunctory welcome to this decree on the grounds that it showed that the political, economic and moral structure of the nation now rested on foundations so firm that it /was Levant Department, Foreign Office, S.w.l.
    [Show full text]
  • EGYPT Dates of Elections: 7 and 14 June 1979 Purpose of Elections
    EGYPT Dates of Elections: 7 and 14 June 1979 Purpose of Elections Elections were held for all the popularly-chosen members of Parliament following the premature dissolution of this body on 21 April 1979. Previous general elections had been held in October-November 1976. Characteristics of Parliament The unicameral Parliament of Egypt, the People's Assembly, has 392 members: 382 are elected, at least half of whom must be workers and farmers and 30 women*; 10 are members appointed by the President of the Republic. The Assembly has a 5-year term. Electoral System All citizens at least 18 years old have the right to vote (naturalized citizens obtain this right five years after naturalization). Disqualified are the insane, undischarged bankrupts, persons convicted of crime or whose property has been sequestrated, persons who have been dismissed from guardianship for reasons of bad conduct or betrayal and persons who have been dismissed from employment in the Government or the public sector for dishonourable reasons. Electoral registers are revised each year in December. Male electors are automatically registered; women, on request. Voting is compulsory for men, failure to do so resulting in a fine of one Egyptian pound. Any candidate for election to the People's Assembly must be a qualified and registered elector who is at least 30 years old and proficient in reading and writing and who has either been enlisted in or exempted from military service. (Naturalized citizens may be candidates 10 years after naturalization.) Except in certain cases determined by the Assembly, the office of parliamentarian is incompatible with that of employee of the Government.
    [Show full text]
  • Lifestyle Politics and the Republic of New Afrika, 1968-1989
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Illinois Digital Environment for Access to Learning and Scholarship Repository SELF-DETERMINATION MEANS DETERMINING SELF: LIFESTYLE POLITICS AND THE REPUBLIC OF NEW AFRIKA, 1968-1989 BY EDWARD EUGENE ONACI DISSERTATION Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History in the Graduate College of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2012 Urbana, Illinois Doctoral Committee: Associate Professor Sundiata Keita Cha-Jua, Chair Professor James R. Barrett Associate Professor Clarence E. Lang, The University of Kansas Associate Professor Erik S. McDuffie i Abstract This dissertation explores the history of the RNA during its formative years and New Afrikans’ efforts to procure territorial independence in order to make their contributions to African American politics better known. It considers in depth the connection between Black self-determination, citizenship, and territorial sovereignty as it seeks to position New Afrikans and their goals more prominently in the historical scholarship of the Black Liberation Movement and in public memory more generally. Next, my dissertation studies how social movement participation impacts activists’ identities and mores through the prism of “lifestyle politics,” which ensures that activists’ humanity remains central to their story. I define lifestyle politics as the everyday lived practice of political ideology. It is the constant interpretation, contestation, negotiation, and reproduction of ideas shared between activists, and it elucidates the significance of mundane interactions between each individual and the ideas on which they base the pursuit of their group’s goals.
    [Show full text]
  • A Thesis Entitled Rogue State? the United States, Unilateralism, and the United Nations by Robert L. Macdonald Submitted As
    A Thesis Entitled Rogue State? The United States, Unilateralism, and the United Nations By Robert L. MacDonald Submitted as partial fulfillment of the requirements for The Master of Arts in History ________________________ Advisor: Diane Britton ________________________ Graduate School The University of Toledo August 2006 Copyright © 2006 This document is copyrighted material. Under copyright law, no parts of this document may be reproduced without the expressed permission of the author. ii Acknowledgements This project could not have succeeded without the help, support, and encouragement of my family, friends, and professors during the past few years. I wish to thank Dr. Diane Britton for her commitment to be my advisor throughout this process and her open-mindedness in finding a link between her interests and research and the topic discussed in the following pages. I wish to thank Drs. Peter Linebaugh, Charles Beatty Medina, and Timothy Messer-Kruse for their willingness to serve as members of my committee and for their thoughtful questions and insightful commentary. I will keep their advice close at hand as I continue to develop my researching and writing skills. I wish to especially thank Dr. Ruth Herndon, who has served as a mentor during both my undergraduate and graduate years at the University of Toledo, for always seeing the best in my work while thoughtfully challenging me to do better. I wish also to thank all of the professors that I have worked with while at the University of Toledo, including of course William Longton, Michael Jakobson, Ron Lora, William O’Neal, Roger Ray, Charles Glaab, Robert Smith, and Alfred Cave.
    [Show full text]
  • Guantanamo Gazette
    President Carter heads for Middle East meeting COMPILED FROM AP/UPI -- Saying peace In Cairo Egyptian Prime Minister cludes no fixed date for return to tion said Palestinians under Israeli is "within reach," President Carter Mustafa Khalil said the two main the United States. rule should confront Carter with took off for Cairo last night at proposals to be presented by Carter That's virtually unheard of on protests and a general strike. the start of his Middle East mis- -- already accepted by Israel's presidential itineraries and is con- The PLO said Carter is trying to sion. cabinet -- may require some ammend- sidered a tip-off that Carter is "liquidate the Palestinian cause." He'll drive there this afternoon ments by Egypt. leaving room for a possible summit. for a three-day visit to Egypt. Carter plans to plunge into a se- The Middle East News Agency said It also asked Arab nations to im- ries of meetings with Sadat soon af- Carter has sent messages to a num- pose sanctions on Egypt, perhaps in- Sticking closely to a prepared ter his greeting by a giant peace ber of Arab chiefs-of-state assur- cluding economic isolation. text in his departing remarks, he rally this afternoon. ing them the United States is work- While security is already tight said failure to win a treaty would ing for an overall peace that in- in Egypt and Israel, Palestinian be disastrous for the Mideast and One reason for Carter's visit is cludes a just solution of the Pales- guerrillas apparently planted bombs for the world as well.
    [Show full text]
  • Constitutional Authority and Subversion: Egypt's New Presidential Election System
    CONSTITUTIONAL AUTHORITY AND SUBVERSION: EGYPT'S NEW PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION SYSTEM Kristen A. Stilt* INTRODUCTION It is no surprise that Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak won the September 7, 2005 elections under the new presidential election system he created.' Many observers noted at the time that while Mubarak and his National Democratic Party (NDP) would most likely still win in 2005, at least the new system established the principle of multi-candidate presidential elections and thus the possibility of a different election result in the future.2 Mubarak started the constitutional amendment process on Feb. 26, 2005, giving the legislature very detailed instructions to prepare the text of an amendment in order to change the presidential selection system from a single-nominee referendum to a multi-candidate election. The legislature prepared and adopted the text of the amendment and submitted it to a national constitutional referendum on May 25, 2005, amidst protests ranging from objections over the * Assistant Professor, University of Washington Law School. I thank the University of Washington Law School for funding that allowed me to conduct research for this article in Cairo, Egypt, in Summer 2005. I am grateful to my colleagues at the University of Washington Law School for the opportunity to present this work at a faculty colloquium and the faculty workshop facilitated by Professor Louis Wolcher and for the helpful comments made at these forums. Professors Ellis Goldberg, Joel Ngugi, and Dongsheng Zang of the University of Washington and Professor Tamir Moustafa of the University of Wisconsin were invaluable in discussing the comparative and Egyptian constitutional issues.
    [Show full text]