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Charleston, South Carolina CHARLESTON, SOUTH CAROLINA December 25, Sunday, 1853: When I go to Boston, I go naturally straight through the city down to the end of Long Wharf and look off … Boston, New York, Philadelphia, Charleston, New Orleans, and many others are the names of wharves projecting into the sea. BOSTON NEW-YORK CHARLESTON August 6, 1851: A man must generally get away some hundreds or thousands of miles from home before he can be said to begin his travels– Why not begin his travels at home –! Would he have to go far or look very closely to discover novelties. The traveller who in this sense pursues his travels at home, has the advantage at any rate of a long residence in the country to make his observations correct & profitable. Now the American goes to England while the Englishman comes to America in order to describe the country– No doubt there some advantages in this kind of mutual criticism– But might there not be invented a better way of coming at the truth than this scratch-my back & I'll scratch your's method? Would not the American for instance who had himself perchance travelled in England & elsewhere –make the most profitable & accurate traveller in his own country. How often it happens that the travellers principal distinction is that he is one who knows less about a country than a native. Now if he should begin with all the knowledge of a native –& add thereto the knowledge of a traveller– Both natives & foreigners would be obliged to read his book. & the world would be absolutely benefitted It takes a man of genius to travel in his own country –in his native village –to make any progress between his door & his gate. But such a traveller will make the distances which Hanno & Marco Polo –& Cook & Ledyard went over ridiculous. CHARLESTON So worthy a traveller as Wm Bartram heads his first chapter with the words “The author sets sail from Philadelphia, and arrives at Charleston, from whence he begins his travels.” … HDT WHAT? INDEX CHARLESTON CHARLES TOWN [During Thoreau’s lifetime Boston was the 4th largest and Charleston the 5th largest city in the United States.] “NARRATIVE HISTORY” AMOUNTS TO FABULATION, THE REAL STUFF BEING MERE CHRONOLOGY “Stack of the Artist of Kouroo” Project Charleston HDT WHAT? INDEX CHARLES TOWN CHARLESTON 1521 June 24, Monday (Old Style): The 1st recorded Spanish expedition reached the Carolina coast, probably near Winyah Bay. (During this year Francisco de Gordillo and Quexos were in general exploring the Atlantic coast of North America to Cape Hatteras off North Carolina.) CHARLESTON According to Quattlebaum’s THE LAND CALLED CHICORA, initially the Chicora headman at Georgetown Bay sent 50 men to the visiting ships to deliver gifts of skins, little pearls, and a bit of silver, and then provided guides to help the Spaniards cross the bay and explore the countryside. At the end of the month Captain Francisco de Gordillo and another captain cut crosses into trees as a way of taking possession of the land in the name of their king. When they had 140 Chicorans being entertained aboard ship, the Spaniards would consider that they had taken up their allotment of Chicoran slaves, and sail for Hispaniola. Lucás Vasquéz de Ayllon would order that the captives be returned, but he took one, whom he gave the name Francisco Chicora, with him to Spain to meet the historians Oviedo and Peter Martyr. (The French would also explore the coast of Carolina. Captain Jean Ribaut and crew would put down anchor at what is now Port Royal, which the Spaniards had called Santa Elena. Two native guides for Ribaut and his lieutenant René de Laudonniere would offer to take the Frenchmen “to see the greatest Lord of this country whom they called Chiquola.”) NOBODY COULD GUESS WHAT WOULD HAPPEN NEXT Charleston “Stack of the Artist of Kouroo” Project HDT WHAT? INDEX CHARLESTON CHARLES TOWN 1526 November: There is something we need to bear in mind about our term “settler,” which has for so long been a code designation for people who are privileged to be inheritors due to the white color of their skins. The thing we need to bear in mind is that in this month of this year there were some 500 Spaniards under Francisco Gordillo, a skipper for Lucás Vasquéz de Ayllon, with some 100 black slaves, at Cape Fear, forming the 1st “settlement” on the lands that would someday be included within the United States of America. Their settlement was called San Miguel de Gualdape, and it was located on the Pee Dee River, probably near Winyah Bay at what is now Georgetown, South Carolina. They’d been there since August, and during this month of November, since the whites were being decimated by a sickness, the black slaves of the settlement were able to enter into an alliance with the local tribe of red Americans (Chicora or Shakori or Chiquola) and stage a successful revolt. CHARLESTON HDT WHAT? INDEX CHARLES TOWN CHARLESTON HDT WHAT? INDEX CHARLESTON CHARLES TOWN Approximately 150 of the 500 whites managed to make their way back to Haiti (Hispaniola), leaving these approximately 100 blacks to become (disregarding for the moment, as is unfortunately conventional, native American settlers who had been on this continent already for some 10,000 to 20,000 years) our first permanent “settlers.” Which is to say, when General Andrew Jackson would be down in Georgia and Florida attempting to exterminate “Seminoles” of mixed red and black origins who had found refuge in the swamps a dozen or so generations later, it is plausible that the persons whom he was attempting to exterminate were in actuality a people whom we ought to be honoring as the legitimate descendants of our “first settlers”! Had these 100 persons been white, there would now be an extensive shelflist honoring them in every bookstore in our grand nation. They’d be part of the perennial Search For The Blue-Eyed Indian. But no, they were black, and so they are ignored. I will quote from the presumptuous just-so story as it is told by Kevin Mulroy in 1993 in his FREEDOM ON THE BORDER: THE SEMINOLE MAROONS IN FLORIDA, THE INDIAN TERRITORY, COAHUILA, AND TEXAS (Lubbock TX: Texas Tech UP, pages 10-11): At the very time the Seminole band were establishing a separate political identity in Florida, therefore, their neighbors were treating Africans favorably. The Spaniards welcomed runaways from southern plantations, gave them their freedom, and asked for little in return save for their cooperation in repelling elements hostile to both parties. The way these Europeans treated their African associates well may have made an impression upon the Seminoles. The Spaniards allowed Africans to live apart, own arms and property, travel at will, choose their own leaders, organize into military companies under black officers, and generally control their own destinies. Several of the Mose men even had wives in the nearby Indian villages. A separate, armed settlement of free blacks, which enjoyed the full support of the adjacent Spanish residents, had been established just outside St. Augustine, the two communities being joined in a mutually beneficial alliance based primarily upon their joint opposition to British expansionism. It seems probable that the early Seminoles would have been aware of these developments and that their initial perceptions helped determine the course of their own relations with blacks.... Attracted by the semitropical climate, sparse white settlement, and chronic political instability of Florida, ... runaways continued to cross the border in ever- increasing numbers. They seemingly founded maroon communities and sought military and trading alliances with the nearby Seminole villages. Africans became associated with the Seminoles in the late eighteenth century in two other ways: by capture from plantations and by purchase from whites or from other Native Americans. Those HDT WHAT? INDEX CHARLES TOWN CHARLESTON blacks also would come to reside in the adjacent Florida maroon communities. Though it cannot be pinpointed with any degree of accuracy, the ethnogenesis of the Seminole maroons took place during the late eighteenth or early nineteenth century. The true beginnings of this ethnic group date from the time its individual members were forced to accept common values and interests to counter the threat of domination and reenslavement. The group’s members would have come together as a people primarily for survival and then to pursue mutual goals. Ethnicity would have acted as a structural principle long before their society emerged clearly as an ethnic group. Whether runaways, captives, or slaves to the Seminoles, these blacks preferred to live beyond the pale and ally with Europeans and Native Americans rather than remain enslaved on Southern plantations. Of major significance to their ethnohistory, the maroons’ early and close association with the Seminoles would contribute strongly to the development of their identity. Yet these people would go on to establish a culture and history of their own and in so doing define themselves, and be defined by others, as a separate and distinct entity. The above is not based upon historic evidence. It is based only on the known fact that later there were dusky skins in the area, combined with a.) the standard white-racist presumption that white people are innovative whereas dark people are obviously merely imitative, and with b.) the standard white-racist presumption that these 100 black men who had set themselves free would continue in a native context to be classified as escaped slaves rather than becoming a tribe of “Indian warriors” in their own right, and with c.) the standard white- racist presumption that free darkies are obviously mere escapees.
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