The Cambridge Handbook of Phonology

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T3 Sandhi Rules of Different Prosodic Hierarchies

T3 Sandhi rules of different prosodic hierarchies Abstract This study conducts acoustic analysis on T3 sandhi of two characters across different boundaries of prosodic hierarchies. The experimental data partly support Chen (2000)’s view about sandhi domain that “T3 sandhi takes place obligatorily within MRU”, and “sandhi rule can not apply cross intonation phrase boundary”. Nonetheless, the results do not support his claim that “there are no intermediate sandhi hierarchies between MRU and intonation phrase”. On the contrary, it is found that, although T3 sandhi could occur across all kinds of hierarchical boundaries between MRU and intonation phrase, T3 sandhi rules within a foot (prosodic word), or between foots without pause, or between pauses without intonation (phonology phrase) are very different in terms of acoustic properties. Furthermore, based on the facts that (1) T3 sandhi could occur cross boundary of pauses and (2) phrase-final sandhi could be significantly lengthening, it is argued that T3 sandhi is due to dissimilation of low tones, rather than duration reduction within MRU domain. It is also demonstrated that tone sandhi and prosodic hierarchies may not be equivalently evaluated in Chinese phonology. Prosodic hierarchies are determined by pause and lengthening, not by tone sandhi. Key words: tone sandhi; prosodic hierarchies; boundary; Mandarin Chinese 1 Introduction So-called T3 sandhi in mandarin Chinese has been widely discussed in Chinese Phonology. Mandarin Chinese has four tones: T1 (level 55), T2 (rising 35), T3 (low-rise 214), T4 (falling 51).Generally, when a T3 is followed by another T3, it turns into T2. The rule could be simply stated as: 214->35/ ___214.
5 Phonology Florian Lionnet and Larry M

5 Phonology Florian Lionnet and Larry M. Hyman 5.1. Introduction The historical relation between African and general phonology has been a mutu- ally beneficial one: the languages of the African continent provide some of the most interesting and, at times, unusual phonological phenomena, which have con- tributed to the development of phonology in quite central ways. This has been made possible by the careful descriptive work that has been done on African lan- guages, by linguists and non-linguists, and by Africanists and non-Africanists who have peeked in from time to time. Except for the click consonants of the Khoisan languages (which spill over onto some neighboring Bantu languages that have “borrowed” them), the phonological phenomena found in African languages are usually duplicated elsewhere on the globe, though not always in as concen- trated a fashion. The vast majority of African languages are tonal, and many also have vowel harmony (especially vowel height harmony and advanced tongue root [ATR] harmony). Not surprisingly, then, African languages have figured dispro- portionately in theoretical treatments of these two phenomena. On the other hand, if there is a phonological property where African languages are underrepresented, it would have to be stress systems – which rarely, if ever, achieve the complexity found in other (mostly non-tonal) languages. However, it should be noted that the languages of Africa have contributed significantly to virtually every other aspect of general phonology, and that the various developments of phonological theory have in turn often greatly contributed to a better understanding of the phonologies of African languages. Given the considerable diversity of the properties found in different parts of the continent, as well as in different genetic groups or areas, it will not be possible to provide a complete account of the phonological phenomena typically found in African languages, overviews of which are available in such works as Creissels (1994) and Clements (2000).
IEEM 2017 Program

Contents Welcome 1 Message 2 Organizers & Committees Program 6 Overview 13 11-Dec 27 12-Dec 47 Abstracts 126 Author Index Conference Venue SUNTEC Singapore Plenaries 1 Raffles Boulevard, Suntec City, 8 Workshop Singapore 039593 9 Keynotes Tel: +65 6337 2888 General Info 5 Venue Layout 11 Presenter Guides 12 Conference Dinner 131 Contacts & Tel Singapore Guide 132 Getting to SUNTEC 133 Transportation in Singapore 134 Singapore Mass Rapid Transit Map 135 Experience Singapore Welcome Message Dear Participants, A very warm welcome to you to the 2017 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management (IEEM2017) to be held from 10-13 December 2017 in Singapore. Some eleven years ago, the first IEEM was held in Singapore in 2007. We were encouraged by the support and enthusiasm of our colleagues in Asia and had organized the conference every year without fail since then. It has grown into a high-quality conference in the fields of industry engineering and engineering management, with participants from all corners of the world. For this we are very gratefully to authors, reviewers, participants, and also our co-hosts in Hong Kong, Macau, Bali, Bangkok and Kuala Lumpur during this period. We can now confidently say that IEEM brings together the community’s most innovative thinkers and dynamic researchers from around the world to share the latest research findings in industrial engineering and engineering management. This year, IEEM2017 received nearly 1000 submissions from more than 50 countries. As in the past, each paper was sent to at least three reviewers. The acceptance decisions were based on at least two consistent recommendations, ensuring the quality and standard of the conference.
PROSODICALLY DRIVEN METATHESIS in MUTSUN By

Prosodically Driven Metathesis in Mutsun Item Type text; Electronic Dissertation Authors Butler, Lynnika Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 24/09/2021 03:27:27 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/311476 PROSODICALLY DRIVEN METATHESIS IN MUTSUN by Lynnika Butler __________________________ Copyright © Lynnika G. Butler 2013 A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF LINGUISTICS In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 2013 2 THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA GRADUATE COLLEGE As members of the Dissertation Committee, we certify that we have read the dissertation prepared by Lynnika Butler, titled Prosodically Driven Metathesis in Mutsun and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy. _______________________________________________ Date: (October 16, 2013) Natasha Warner -- Chair _______________________________________________ Date: (October 16, 2013) Michael Hammond _______________________________________________ Date: (October 16, 2013) Adam Ussishkin Final approval and acceptance of this dissertation is contingent upon the candidate’s submission of
On the Case System of Kabyle*

On the Case System of Kabyle* Lydia Felice Georgetown University SUMMARY This paper examines the state alternation in Kabyle, arguing that state is the morphological realization of Case. The free state is accusative case, and the construct state is nominative case. Taking morphological patterns and syntactic distribution into account, Kabyle is found to be a Type 2 marked nominative language. Both states, or cases, are morphologically marked. The free state is the default case. This analysis accounts for the bulk of the distribution of free state and construct state nouns, and situates Kabyle as belonging to a typologically rare alignment system that is concentrated in Afroasiatic and African languages. RÉSUMÉ Cet article examine l’alternance d’état en kabyle, en faisant valoir que l’état est la réalisation morphologique de cas. L’état libre est un cas accusatif, et l’état d’annexion est un cas nominatif. Compte tenu des patrons morphologiques et de la distribution syntaxique, le kabyle s’avère être une langue à nominatif marqué de Type 2 où les deux états, ou bien les cas, sont marqués morphologiquement et que l’état libre est le cas par défaut. Cette analyse représente la majeure partie de la distribution des noms d’état libre et d’état d’annexion et situe le kabyle comme appartenant à un système d’alignement typologiquement rare et concentré dans les langues afro-asiatiques et africaines. * Thank you to Karima Ouazar for her patience and generosity in teaching me about her language. Thank you to Jessica Coon and Ruth Kramer for guidance throughout this project, as well as Lisa Travis, Hector Campos, and audiences at NACAL 46 and WOCAL 9 for valuable feedback.
ELISION in ESAHIE Victoria Owusu Ansah Abstract One of the Syllable Structure Changes That Occur in Rapid Speech Because of Sounds Influencing Each Other Is Elision

Ghana Journal of Linguistics 9.2: 22-43 (2020) ________________________________________________________________________ http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/gjl.v9i2.2 ELISION IN ESAHIE Victoria Owusu Ansah Abstract One of the syllable structure changes that occur in rapid speech because of sounds influencing each other is elision. This paper provides an account of elision in Esahie, also known as Sehwi, a Kwa language spoken in the Western North region of Ghana. The paper discusses the processes involved in elision, and the context within which elision occurs in the language. The paper shows that sound segments, syllables and tones are affected by the elision process. It demonstrates that elision, though purely a phonological process, is influenced by morphological factors such as vowel juxtapositioning during compounding, and at word boundary. The evidence in this paper show that there is an interface between phonology and morphology when accounting for elision in Esahie. Data for this study were gathered from primary sources using ethnographic and stimuli methods. Keywords: Elision, Esahie, Sehwi, Tone, Deletion, Phonology 1.0 Introduction This paper provides an account of elision in Esahie, a Kwa language spoken in the Western North Region of Ghana1. It discusses the processes involved in elision in Esahie, and the context within which elision occurs in the language. The paper demonstrates that elision is employed in Esahie as a syllable structure repair mechanism. Elision is purely a phonological process but can sometimes be triggered by morphological factors. Indeed, the works of (Abakah 2004a, 2004b), Abdul-Rahman (2013), Abukari (2018), Becker and Gouskova (2016) writing on Akan, Dagbani and Russia respectively, confirm that elision 1 Speakers of Esahie in Ghana number about 580,000 and they live mostly in the Western North Region of the country (Ghana Statistical Service Report 2012, 2010 National Population Census).
Dependent Tier Ordering and the OCP

In: Hulst, Harry van der & Norval Smi th, eds. (1988) Features, Segmental Structure, and Harmony Processes. vol.2. Dordrecht: Foris. 127-144. Dependent Tier Ordering and the OCP R. Armin Mester University 0/ Texas, Austin O. INTRODUCTION This paper explüres some collsequences of the Obligatory Contour Principle (Leben 1973, Goldsmith 1976, McCarthy 1979, 1981, 1986) given in (I) in a model which recognizes dependency relations between features. (I) Obligatory Contour Principle (OCP) Adjacent identical autosegments on an autosegmental tier are prohibited. It will be argued that evidence for dependent tier ordering can be found in feature cooccurence restrictions wh ich manifest themselves as morpheme structure constraints and as harmony processes. Dependent tier ordering means that a hierarchical organization is imposed on the set of features so that for example the vocalic features might be arranged as in (2).1 (2) [mund] I [back] I [high] I v In structures Iikc (2) individual features, wliile occupying separate tiers, are not entirely autonomous and are dependent on other tiers which have a more central loeation. Sueh dependently ordered models have been proposed by scveral researchers (see e.g., Steriade 1982, McCarthy 1983, Archangeli 1985),2 but have not been fully explored in light of the OCP and ofTier Contlation (Younes 1983, McCarthy 1986). Section I investigates morpheme strueture entailments of the OCP in a dependently ordered tier system, introducing and motivating a distinetion between parametrie 128 R. Armin Mester Dependent Tier Ordering and the OGP 129 and universal tier ordering. Section 2 iIIustrates the effects ofTier ConOation These exclusion relations can be expressed more perspicuously by referring on dependently ordered structures through an analysis of the height to a feature representation as in (4).
Morphophonology of Magahi

International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) ISSN: 2319-7064 SJIF (2019): 7.583 Morphophonology of Magahi Saloni Priya Jawaharlal Nehru University, SLL & CS, New Delhi, India Salonipriya17[at]gmail.com Abstract: Every languages has different types of word formation processes and each and every segment of morphology has a sound. The following paper is concerned with the sound changes or phonemic changes that occur during the word formation process in Magahi. Magahi is an Indo- Aryan Language spoken in eastern parts of Bihar and also in some parts of Jharkhand and West Bengal. The term Morphophonology refers to the interaction of word formation with the sound systems of a language. The paper finds out the phonetic rules interacting with the morphology of lexicons of Magahi. The observations shows that he most frequent morphophonological process are Sandhi, assimilation, Metathesis and Epenthesis. Whereas, the process of Dissimilation, Lenition and Fortition are very Uncommon in nature. Keywords: Morphology, Phonology, Sound Changes, Word formation process, Magahi, Words, Vowels, Consonants 1. Introduction 3.1 The Sources of Magahi Glossary Morphophonology refers to the interaction between Magahi has three kind of vocabulary sources; morphological and phonological or its phonetic processes. i) In the first category, it has those lexemes which has The aim of this paper is to give a detailed account on the been processed or influenced by Sanskrit, Prakrit, sound changes that take place in morphemes, when they Apbhransh, ect. Like, combine to form new words in the language. धमम> ध륍म> धरम, स셍म> सꥍ셍> सााँ셍 ii) In the second category, it has those words which are 2.
The Aorist in Zenaga Berber and the Imperfective in Two Arabic Dialects

The Aorist in Zenaga Berber and the Imperfective in two Arabic dialects. A comparative viewpoint Catherine Taine-Cheikh To cite this version: Catherine Taine-Cheikh. The Aorist in Zenaga Berber and the Imperfective in two Arabic dialects. A comparative viewpoint. Zlatka Guentchéva. Aspectuality and Temporality. Descriptive and theoret- ical issues, John Benjamins, pp.465-501, 2016. hal-01288328 HAL Id: hal-01288328 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01288328 Submitted on 6 Jun 2018 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. The Aorist in Zenaga Berber and the Imperfective in two Arabic dialects A comparative viewpoint Catherine Taine-Cheikh LACITO-CNRS (Université de Paris III) The Arabic and Berber languages, which belong to the same Hamito-Semitic (or Afro-Asiatic)1 phylum, show many typological similarities. In the verbal system, this similarity appears namely in the central role played by aspectual meaning, in both synchrony and diachrony, even though important changes have taken place over these languages’ long history.2 In Hamito-Semitic, there are usually few distinctions marked within the verbal system, however it is unlikely that there are verbal systems which mark only the perfective vs.
Mon-Khmer Studies Volume 41

MMoonn--KKhhmmeerr SSttuuddiieess VOLUME 43 The journal of Austroasiatic languages and cultures 1964—2014 50 years of MKS Copyright vested with the authors Released under Creative Commons Attribution License Volume 43 Editors: Paul Sidwell Brian Migliazza ISSN: 0147-5207 Website: http://mksjournal.org Published by: Mahidol University (Thailand) SIL International (USA) Contents Issue 43.1 Editor’s Preface iii Michel FERLUS Arem, a Vietic Language. 1-15 Hiram RING Nominalization in Pnar. 16-23 Elizabeth HALL Impact of Tai Lue on Muak Sa-aak phonology. 24-30 Rujiwan LAOPHAIROJ Conceptual metaphors of Vietnamese taste terms. 31-46 Paul SIDWELL Khmuic classification and homeland. 47-56 Mathias JENNY Transitivity and affectedness in Mon. 57-71 J. MAYURI, Karumuri .V. SUBBARAO, Martin EVERAERT and G. Uma Maheshwar RAO Some syntactic aspects of lexical anaphors in select Munda Languages. 72-83 Stephen SELF Another look at serial verb constructions in Khmer. 84-102 V. R. RAJASINGH Interrogation in Muöt. 103-123 Issue 43.2 Suwilai PREMSRIRAT, Kenneth GREGERSON Fifty Years of Mon-Khmer Studies i-iv Anh-Thư T. NGUYỄN Acoustic correlates of rhythmic structure of Vietnamese narrative speech. 1-7 P. K. Choudhary Agreement in Ho 8-16 ii Editors’ Preface The 5th International Conference on Austroasiatic Linguistics (ICAAL5) was held at the Australian National University (ANU) over September 4-5, 2013. The meeting was run in conjunction with the 19th Annual Himalayan Languages Symposium (HLS19), organised locally by Paul Sidwell and Gwendolyn Hyslop. The meetings were made possible by support provided by the following at ANU: Department of Linguistics, College of Asia and the Pacific Research School of Asia Pacific School of Culture, History and Language Tibetan Cultural Area Network Some 21 papers were read over two days at the ICAAL meeting, nine of which have found their way into this special issue of MKS.
008-0518 Theory of Constraints Contributions to Outbound Logistics Fernando Bernardi De Souza São Paulo State University

008-0518 Theory of Constraints contributions to outbound logistics Fernando Bernardi de Souza São Paulo State University (UNESP) Av. Eng. Luiz Edmundo C. Coube 14-01 Bauru, SP, 17033-360 - Brazil [email protected] Tel: 55 (14) 3103-6122 Sivio R. I. Pires Methodist University of Piracicaba (UNIMEP) Rodovia do Açúcar, Km 156 Piracicaba, SP, 13400-911 - Brazil [email protected] Tel.: 55 (14) 3124-1515 POMS 19th Annual Conference La Jolla, California, U.S.A. May 9 to May 12, 2008 Abstract This article aims to present the main contributions of the Theory of Constraints (TOC) to outbound (distribution) logistics. It presents the thesis defended by TOC, according to which the current ways of managing outbound logistics, based mainly on sales forecasts, batching policies, and indicators that do not privilege the supply chain performance as a whole, lead to difficulties in handling the trade-off between logistics (stock and transportation) costs and stock-outs levels. This conventional logistics management is labeled by TOC as pushed distribution, in contrast with its defended approach called pulled distribution. Considering the few scientific texts existing on the subject, this article claims to present, based on a theoretical research, the technical aspects of the approach suggested by TOC and discuss the assumptions it is based on, in an attempt to contribute to the expansion of outbound logistics knowledge and widen the analysis of supply chain management. Key words: Outbound logistics; distribution; pull system; Theory of Constraints. 1. Introduction Since its inception about two decades ago, the Theory of Constraints (TOC) has developed quickly and stood its ground as an important model for business management (WATSON et al, 2007).
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RIP G el “your customers are somebody else’s prospects. If you won’t take care of them, someone else will. That’s guarantee!” Service Quality Excellence Masterclass el Maximizing profit & achieving competitive advantage by delivering a level of service that will rise above & beyond customer expectations RIP th th 27 & 28 July 2012 G Mumbai, India Book & Pay per Delegate: Book & Pay before 19th May 2012 - INR 27950 Net + 12.36 % service tax Book & Pay after 19th May 2012 - INR 29950 Net + 12.36 % service tax *3 or more delegates 10% discount. Investment is per person for 2 days non residential conference. Payments have to be processed in 5 working days customers from booking. TDS/ Taxes needs to be added on the Net amount as above “The way to Investment for International clients is USD 900 Net + 12.36 % Service Tax lies in heart & wallet how well we initially serve our customers & deliver quality service” GRIPel course leader: Neil Known in short as Neil helps organizations deliver superior customer experience, transform businesses & execute business strategy. Neil has served in various leadership capacities in organizations like HSBC, Bank of America, Whirlpool Corporation, Standard Chartered Bank & TVS Motors. During his tenure, he has led a wide variety of enterprise-level change deployment programs in manufacturing & service environments. His last assignment was with HSBC as Senior Vice President for Customer Experience & Business Transformation. Prior to this, he led Quality & Productivity Unit for Bank of America-India. In both these roles, as enterprise deployment leader, he managed a large team of experts & senior resources with varied experience & background.