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Descargar Este Archivo XRevistailema Xilema Vol. ,29 30(1):, 2019 67 - 96, (2020) ISSN 1997-6321 (Versión impresa) / ISSN 1997-6496 (Versión electrónica) DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21704/x.v30i1.1618 © Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Lima-Perú Una aproximación a la diversidad de Gesneriaceae en el Perú Rocío Del P. Rojas Gonzales1 Recibido: 19 julio 2020 | Aceptado: 20 diciembre 2020 RESUMEN La familia Gesneriaceae en el Perú es uno de los grupos taxonómicos poco estudiados, no fue tratado en las series Flora del Perú; sin embargo, desde el año 1993 al 2005 se publicaron listas de las especies de Gesneriaceae peruanas, registrando 150 especies en 28 géneros. En este documento se da a conocer una lista anotada de las Gesneriaceae presentes en el Perú, que es el resultado de los avances científicos ocurridos en los últimos 15 años, elevando el número a 210 especies y 34 géneros, de los cuales 10 géneros son el resultado del resurgimiento, restablecimiento y sinonimización de especies antes registradas para el Perú y que actualmente están adscritas a los géneros: Amalophyllon Brandegee, Glossoloma Hanst., Gloxinella (H.E.Moore) Roalson & Boggan, Gloxiniopsis Roalson & Boggan, Lesia J.L.Clark & J.F.Sm., Nomopyle Roalson & Boggan, Pachycaulos J.L.Clark & J.F.Sm., Sanango G.S.Bunting & J.A.Duke, Seemannia Regel y Trichodrymonia Oerst.. Además, el género Chrysothemis Decne., es un nuevo registro para las Gesneriaceae peruanas. Finalmente, se adiciona cuatro especies a la lista de endémicas para el Perú. Palabras clave: Amazonía, andes, distribución, gesnerioideae, taxonomía. ABSTRACT The family Gesneriaceae is a poorly studied group in Peru, was not treated in the Flora of Peru series, however, between 1993 and 2005 various lists of Peruvian Gesneriaceae were published, reporting 150 species in 28 genera. Here we present an annotated list of the Gesneriaceae found in Peru, taking into account the findings of the last 15 years, which brings the total list up to 210 species in 34 genera, of which 10 genera are a result of taxonomic resurrections and synonymizations for species already known for Peru, and currently assigned to the genera: Amalophyllon Brandegee, Glossoloma Hanst., Gloxinella (H.E.Moore) Roalson & Boggan, Gloxiniopsis Roalson & Boggan, Lesia J.L.Clark & J.F.Sm., Nomopyle Roalson & Boggan, Pachycaulos J.L.Clark & J.F.Sm., Sanango G.S.Bunting & J.A.Duke, Seemannia Regel y Trichodrymonia Oerst. In addition, the genera Chrysothemis Decne., is a new record to the Peruvian Gesneriaceae. Lastly, we add four species to the list of Peruvian endemics. Keywords: Amazon, andes, distribution, gesnerioideae, taxonomy. 1 Herbario Selva Central Oxapampa - HOXA, Jardín Botánico de Missouri, [email protected] 67 R. Rojas Gonzales: Una aproximación a la diversidad de Gesneriaceae en el Perú INTRODUCCIÓN 210 especies y 34 géneros distribuidos en tres subfamilias y cuatro tribus La familia Gesneriaceae se ubica (Napeantheae Wiehler, Beslerieae dentro del orden Lamiales, comprende Bartl., Gesnerieae Dumort., 150–160 géneros y aproximadamente Epithemateae C.B.Clarke). La tribu 3500 especies, están distribuidas en el Gesnerieae, registra el mayor número trópico y subtrópico del Viejo y Nuevo de especies (151) en 25 géneros, que Mundo, unas pocas especies crecen en corresponde al 72 % de las áreas templadas de Europa y Asia Gesneriaceae peruanas. El género (Weber, 2004; Skog & Boggan, 2007; Chrysothemis es un nuevo registro Weber et al., 2013). En el Neotrópico, para el Perú, mientras que 10 géneros, las especies de Gesneriaceae se son el resultado del resurgimiento, encuentran, principalmente, desde el restablecimiento y sinonimización de bosque tropical lluvioso de la especies ya registradas y que amazonia hasta los bosques templados actualmente están adscritas a los de las montañas; algunas especies géneros: Amalophyllon, Glossoloma, están adaptadas, a través de la Gloxinella, Gloxiniopsis, Lesia, dormancia, a resistir durante la Nomopyle, Pachycaulos, Sanango, estación seca, otras están Seemannia y Trichodrymonia. ampliamente distribuidas a lo largo de los caminos y áreas perturbadas (Smith En este documento se da a conocer et al., 2004; Kvist et al., 2005; Weber una lista anotada de las especies de & Skog, 2007). Gesneriaceae presentes en el Perú, que incluyen la fuente de publicación El Neotrópico contiene una alta de la especie, los sinónimos más riqueza de especies de la familia relevantes, la colección de referencia, Gesneriaceae, está conformada por la el herbario de depósito y su subfamilia Sanangoideae A.Weber, distribución en los departamentos J.L.Clark & Mich.Möller, representado dentro del país. El número de especies por un género y una especie, la que se documenta en este trabajo no subfamilia Didymocarpoideae Arn., cierra el capítulo sobre el representado por un género y una conocimiento de las especies de especie y, la subfamilia Gesnerioideae Gesneriaceae presentes en el Perú, es Burnett, aproximadamente con 1200 posible que aún existan más especies especies distribuidas en cinco tribus y por conocer, ya que aún existen vacíos cerca de 77 géneros (Clark et al., de colección especialmente, dentro de 2020). Dentro de la Gesnerioideae, la las Áreas Naturales Protegidas que tribu Gesnerieae es la más grande con mantienen zonas prístinas y que aún 57 géneros y más de 950 especies no se han llegado a explorar (Weber et al., 2020). En el Perú, hasta completamente. el año 2005 se conocian 150 especies y 28 géneros (Brako & Zarucchi, 1993; Características generales Ulloa et al., 2004; Kvist et al., 2005); sin embargo, en los últimos 15 años Las especies de la familia han surgido cambios importantes en la Gesneriaceae están representadas por clasificación y taxonomía de las hierbas, arbustos, árboles pequeños, Gesneriaceae, elevando el número a plantas epífitas y trepadoras (Weber y 68 Xilema Vol. 29, 2019R. Rojas Gonzales: Una aproximación a la diversidad de Gesneriaceae en el Perú Skog, 2007). Hojas usualmente preferentemente litófitas, crecen en opuestas o verticiladas, en algunos áreas cubiertas de musgos sobre grupos las hojas se reducen dando la paredes rocosas, sus hojas están apariencia de ser alternas, como dispuestas en roseta basal. La especie Paradrymonia Hanst., Reldia Wiehler Napeanthus loretensis L.E. Skog y algunas secciones de Columnea L. presenta hojas estrechamente En otros géneros las hojas se disponen oblanceoladas; inflorescencias más en forma de roseta como Petrocosmea cortas que las hojas, sépalos verdes, Oliv., del Viejo Mundo (Clavijo et al., corola azúl-pálido a violeta; fue la s.f.) y Paradrymonia del Nuevo primera especie descrita para el Perú Mundo. Flores zigomorfas dentro del género Napeanthus. (subactinomorfas), vistosas o no, amarillas, rojas, anaranjadas, verdes La tribu Beslerieae, se caracteriza por o blancas y de diversas formas: tener ovario súpero; nectario anular cilíndrica, ventricosa, campanulada, o semianular; fruto una baya hipocrateriforme, infundibuliforme; indehiscente , con la pulpa derivada disco nectarífero usualmente presente del tejido placentario, o una cápsula en forma de anillo o formado por 2-5 carnosa o seca; son plantas glándulas separadas o unidas; ovario terrestres con inflorescencias en cimas, súpero, semi-ínfero, o ínfero; generalmente sin bractéolas (Weber et presentan en su mayoría cuatro o dos al., 2020). En el Perú se registran 53 estambres, raramente cinco, especies y cinco géneros (Besleria L., didínamos con las anteras unidas por Anethanthus Hiern ex Benth. & Hook.f., sus paredes; suelen estar presentes, Cremosperma Benth., Gasteranthus uno o tres estaminodios. Los frutos Benth. y Reldia). Los géneros pueden ser carnosos o secos y, las Anethanthus, Cremosperma y Reldia semillas son muy pequeñas y son hierbas terrestres, parcialmente numerosas (Weber y Skog, 2007). erguidas, tallos delgados, mayormente litófitas, al igual que Napeanthus, En el Perú, la subfamilia crecen en ambientes húmedos y Gesnerioideae está conformada sombríos, sobre afloramientos de mayormente por hierbas, subarbustos, arenisca. Las especies, Anethanthus arbustos, raramente árboles, lianas, gracilis Hiern. y A. rubra L.E. Skog se hierbas escandentes. Presenta tres distinguen por el tamaño y color de la tribus: Napeantheae, Beslerieae y corola, blancas (hasta 5 mm de largo) y Gesnerieae. La tribu Napeantheae, se rojas (hasta 10 mm de largo), caracteriza por la ausencia del respectivamente. La especie nectario; corola subactinomorfa y Cremosperma inversum B.R. Keener & efímera; el fruto es una cápsula J.L. Clark, se diferencia de las otras encerrada en un cáliz persistente; especies por el hábito estolonífero, plantas terrestres, hojas en roseta hojas orbiculares y por la presencia de basal; estomas aglomerados en indumento lanudo en el haz, mientras el envés foliar (Weber et al., que C. peruvianum L.E. Skog, presenta 2020). Napeanthus Gardner es el hojas elípticas a obovadas, único género y se registran cuatro glabrescentes o con indumento especies en el Perú, por lo general, multicelular en los ápices de las son plantas ampollas. El género Gasteranthus está 69 R. Rojas Gonzales: Una aproximación a la diversidad de Gesneriaceae en el Perú representado por cuatro especies en el solanoides Kunth, B. gracilienta C.V. Perú, por lo general son hierbas o Morton, B. barbata (Poepp.) Hanst, B. subarbustos terrestres (epífitos), aggregata (Mart.) Hanst., B. arbusta presenta una flor o numerosas flores L.E. Skog, B. placita C.V. Morton, B. dispuestas en cimas axilares, immitis C.V.
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