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A Systems Engineering Approach to Design of Complex Systems

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A Systems Engineering Approach to Design of Complex Systems A systems engineering approach to design of complex systems Sagar Behere 03 July 2014 Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan, Stockholm A systems engineering approach to design of complex systems 1 / 99 N Contents 1 Systems Engineering 2 Requirements 3 Architecture 4 Testing, Verication and Validation 5 Safety 6 Model based systems engineering A systems engineering approach to design of complex systems 2 / 99 N Who are we? KTH: Machine Design/Mechatronics & Embedded Control Systems A systems engineering approach to design of complex systems 3 / 99 N Who am I? 10+ years of systems development Diesel engines, autonomous driving, robotics, aviation A systems engineering approach to design of complex systems 4 / 99 N Question How will you go about developing a quadrocopter? A systems engineering approach to design of complex systems 5 / 99 N Systems Engineering What is Systems Engineering? A systems engineering approach to design of complex systems 6 / 99 N Systems Engineering A plethora of denitions ;-) "...an interdisciplinary eld of engineering that focuses on how to design and manage complex engineering projects over their life cycles." [source: Wikipedia] "...a robust approach to the design, creation, and operation of systems." [source: NASA Systems Engineering Handbook, 1995] "The Art and Science of creating eective systems..." [source: Derek Hitchins, former President of INCOSE] A systems engineering approach to design of complex systems 7 / 99 N Systems Engineering The systems engineering process [source: A. T. Bahill and B. Gissing, Re-evaluating systems engineering concepts using systems thinking; (overlaid with the NASA approach in blue)] A systems engineering approach to design of complex systems 8 / 99 N Systems Engineering Why is a process needed? A systems engineering approach to design of complex systems 9 / 99 N Systems Engineering The V model A systems engineering approach to design of complex systems 10 / 99 N Systems Engineering Systems Engineering 'Epic fail' A systems engineering approach to design of complex systems 11 / 99 N Systems Engineering The V model A systems engineering approach to design of complex systems 12 / 99 N Systems Engineering Simplied processes [source: ICONIX process for embedded systems] A systems engineering approach to design of complex systems 13 / 99 N Systems Engineering Some resources INCOSE Embedded Systems Development Using SysML (available online) Short and sweet book Systems Engineering with SysML/UML: Modeling, Analysis, Design - Tim Weilkiens OMG Press NASA Systems Engineering Handbook (available online) Overview of the System Engineering process (available online) Tool tutorials A systems engineering approach to design of complex systems 14 / 99 N Systems Engineering Takeaway: Systems engineering Consider the product as a whole within its 'Concept of Operation' Systematic processes exist to guide you There is a community devoted to Systems Engineering Software and tools exist to make your task simpler A systems engineering approach to design of complex systems 15 / 99 N Systems Engineering Contents 1 Systems Engineering X 2 Requirements 3 Architecture 4 Testing, Verication and Validation 5 Safety 6 Model based systems engineering A systems engineering approach to design of complex systems 16 / 99 N Requirements Requirements Engineering The science and discipline of analyzing, documenting, validating and tracing requirements. A systems engineering approach to design of complex systems 17 / 99 N Requirements What is a requirement? 1 A condition or capability needed by a user to solve a problem or achieve an objective. 2 A condition or capability that must be met or possessed by a system or system component to satisfy a contract, standard, specication, or other formally imposed documents. 3 A documented representation of a condition or capability as in 1 or 2 [source: IEEE-Std-610.12-1990] A systems engineering approach to design of complex systems 18 / 99 N Requirements Characteristics of good requirements Correct Unambiguous Complete Consistent Ranked for importance and/or stability Veriable A systems engineering approach to design of complex systems 19 / 99 N Requirements Elements of requirements engineering A systems engineering approach to design of complex systems 20 / 99 N Requirements Requirements elicitation Interviews and questionnaires Concept of operation, use cases and models of usage Examination of documentation Standards Systems manuals Statement of requirements Prototyping Conversation and interaction analysis Ethnographic studies A systems engineering approach to design of complex systems 21 / 99 N Requirements ...but remember A systems engineering approach to design of complex systems 22 / 99 N Requirements Requirements analysis - Structuring System Behavior User perspective Functional Logical and implementation specic Extra-functional Requirements drill-down depends on architecture! (We will come back to this) A systems engineering approach to design of complex systems 23 / 99 N Requirements Requirements documentation and val- idation Traditional approach: Documents Newer approach: Model based Documents can be auto-generated "Each requirement must have an associated test case!" More on this later.. A systems engineering approach to design of complex systems 24 / 99 N Requirements RE eort distribution A systems engineering approach to design of complex systems 25 / 99 N Requirements Requirements traceability A systems engineering approach to design of complex systems 26 / 99 N Requirements Some resources Requirements engineering: a good practice guide - Ian Sommerville, Pete Sawyer John Wiley & Sons, 1997 Requirements Engineering: Fundamentals, Principles, and Techniques - Klaus Pohl Springer 2010 Tool tutorials A systems engineering approach to design of complex systems 27 / 99 N Requirements Takeaway: Requirements "As many problems are caused by improperly chosen requirements as by incorrect implementations." Continuous part of product development Elicit, analyze, document and verify Ensure requirement traceability But remember: There's more to a good product than merely fullling all requirements! A systems engineering approach to design of complex systems 28 / 99 N Requirements Contents 1 Systems Engineering X 2 Requirements X 3 Architecture 4 Testing, Verication and Validation 5 Safety 6 Model based systems engineering A systems engineering approach to design of complex systems 29 / 99 N Architecture What is architecture "..fundamental concepts or properties of a system in its environment, embodied in its elements, relationships and principles of its design and evolution." [ ISO42010:2011 ] But remember The map is not the territory! A systems engineering approach to design of complex systems 30 / 99 N Architecture Architecture types Architecture Conceptual Technical Service Taxonomy Logical Software Hardware A systems engineering approach to design of complex systems 31 / 99 N Architecture Conceptual/Service taxonomy Hierarchy of Services/Features as seen by the user of the system. (source: S. Rittman, A methodology for modeling usage behavior of multi-functional systems) A systems engineering approach to design of complex systems 32 / 99 N Architecture Conceptual/Logical architecture Block diagram of the system (source: Fernandes L. et al, Intelligent robotic car for autonomous navigation) A systems engineering approach to design of complex systems 33 / 99 N Architecture Technical/Software (source: AUTOSAR.org) A systems engineering approach to design of complex systems 34 / 99 N Architecture Technical/Software Orocos Components - Your component here Component Infrastructure Device Native Distribution XML Interface OS and Scripting Libraries Communication config. Real-Time Toolkit Real-Time Core Primitives and OS Abstraction Operating Sytem (source: OROCOS.org) A systems engineering approach to design of complex systems 35 / 99 N Architecture Technical/Hardware (source: Biber P. et al, New challenges for future avionic architectures) A systems engineering approach to design of complex systems 36 / 99 N Architecture Relations Architecture Conceptual Technical mapped Service Taxonomy Logical Software Hardware r ealizes deployed do es te not dicta Partitioning Computation Communication - Behavior - Block diagrams - User visibility - de/composition Time Space A systems engineering approach to design of complex systems 37 / 99 N Architecture Extra functional properties Architecture Safety Conceptual Technical Reliability mapped Robustness Predictability Service Taxonomy Logical Software Hardware ... realizes deployed d oe tat s not dic Partitioning Computation Communication Time Space A systems engineering approach to design of complex systems 38 / 99 N Architecture Architecture description languages A systems engineering approach to design of complex systems 39 / 99 N Architecture Some resources For software - The Architecture Of Open Source Applications (book, readable online) http://aosabook.org For architecture description - Model-Based Engineering with AADL (book) http://www.aadl.info , http://east-adl.info A systems engineering approach to design of complex systems 40 / 99 N Architecture Takeaway: Architecture Architecture is represented with a hierarchy of abstractions Example: Service Taxonomy, logical, software, hardware Elements higher in the hierarchy are allocated to (realized by) elements lower in the hierarchy An architecture description aids in understanding, communication and formal analysis A systems engineering approach to design of complex systems
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