THE JOURNAL OF ROMAN STUDIES WITH ACKNOWLEDGMENT TO THE BRITISH ACADEMY

All rights reserved THE JOURNAL OF ROMAN STUDIES

VOLUME LV

PUBLISHED BY THE SOCIETY FOR THE PROMOTION OF ROMAN STUDIES AT THE OFFICE OF THE SOCIETY, 31-34 GORDON SQUARE, LONDON, W.C.I 1965 Printed in Great Britain by Stephen Austin & Sons, Ltd., Oriental & General Printers, Caxton Hill, Ware Road, Hertford, Herts.

© The Society for the Promotion of Roman Studies CONTENTS PAGE IAN ARCHIBALD RICHMOND xiii

E. BADIAN, M. Porcius Cato and the Annexation and Early Administration of Cyprus . .no P. A. BRUNT, Italian Aims at the time of the Social War 90 ALAN CAMERON, Palladas and Christian Polemic 17 LIONEL CASSON, Harbour and River Boats of Ancient Rome . . . . . 31 M. W. FREDERIKSEN, The Republican Municipal Laws: Errors and Drafts . . .183 ERICH S. GRUEN, The Lex Varia 59 COLIN HARDIE, The Origin and Plan of Roman Florence 122 SHELAGH JAMESON, Cornutus Tertullus and the Plancii of Perge . . . . -54 FERGUS MILLAR, Epictetus and the Imperial Court 141 OSWYN MURRAY, Philodemus on the Good King according to Homer . . . .161 J. K. ST. JOSEPH, Air Reconnaissance in Britain, 1961-64 ...... 74 HERMANN STRASBURGER, Poseidonios on Problems of the Roman Empire .... 40 F. W. WALBANK, Political Morality and the Friends of Scipio 1 P. G. WALSH, Massinissa 149 Roman Britain in 1964. I. Sites explored (by D. R. Wilson) ...... 199 II. Inscriptions (by R. P. Wright) 220

REVIEWS AND DISCUSSIONS E. Badian, Studies in Greek and Roman History (by J. P. V. D. Balsdon) .... 229 Historia Augusta : (1) J. Straub, Heidnische Geschichtsapologetik in der Christlichen Spd'tan- tike : Untersuchungen iiber Zeit und Tendenz der Historia Augusta ; (2) Historia-Augusta- Colloquium Bonn 1963 ; (3) Atti del Colloquio Patavino sulla Historia Augusta (by Alan Cameron) ...... 240 A. H. M. Jones, The Later Roman Empire 284-602 (by F. M. Heichelheim) . . . 250 Leumann-Hofmann-Szantyr, Lateinische Grammatik (by Robert Coleman) .... 257 H. Nordberg, Biometrical Notes : the information on ancient Christian inscriptions from Rome concerning the duration of life and the dates of birth and death (by A. R. Burn) . . 253 Ronald Syme, Sallust (by D. C. Earl) 232

REVIEWS AND NOTICES OF PUBLICATIONS REVIEWS A. Birley, Life in Roman Britain (by A. L. F. Rivet) ...... 296 P. Boyance, Lucrece (by B. Farrington) ...... 301 A. Brancati, Augusto e la Guerra di Spagna (by M. J. V. Bell) 271 J. Brisset, Les Idees politiques de Lucain (by Miriam T. Griffin) ...... 304 Frank E. Brown, Roman Architecture (by John Eames) 288 A. N. Bryan-Brown and others, More Oxford Compositions (by L. P. Wilkinson) . . . 299 K. Buchner, Tacitus und Ausklang (by B. Walker) 305 VI PAGE W. A. Camps, ed. Propertius, Elegies, Book IV (by W. Morel) 3°! A. Carandini, Ricerche sullo stile e la cronologia dei mosaici della Villa di Piazza Armerina (by J. M. C. Toynbee) 287 H. Fugier, Recherches sur I'expression du Sacre dans la langue Latine (by J. A. North) . . 277 J. Gage, Matronalia : essai sur les devotions et les organisations cultuelles des femmes dans Uancienne Rome (by D. Fishwick) 279 J. Le Gall, Alesia (by E. W. Marsden) 292 A. Gallina, Le Pitture conpaesaggi dell'Odissea dalVEsquilino (by J. M. C. Toynbee) . . 286 Willoughby Gardner and H. N. Savory, Dinorben (by S. S. Frere) 296 P. Gazzola, Ponti Romani (by M. W. Frederiksen) 289 C. Gnilka, Studien zur Psychomachie des Prudentius (by Alan Cameron) .... 308 G. M. A. Hanfmann, Roman Art : a modern survey of the Art of Imperial Rome (by J. M. C. Toynbee) 284 J. Hellegouarc'h, Le vocabulaire Latin des relations et des partis politiques sous la Republique (byD. C. Earl) 267 Camille Jullian, Vercinge'torix, ed. P.-M. Duval (by Olwen Brogan) 269 P. Lambrechts, Attis : van Herdersknaap tot God (by J. A. North) 278 I. Lana, Letteratura Latina : disegno storico della civilta letteraria di Roma e del tnondo Romano (by Robert Browning) ...... ••• 299 Roger B. McShane, The Foreign Policy of the Attalids of Pergamum (by John Briscoe) . . 264 F. De Martino, Storia della Costituzione Romana, iv, 1 (by G. E. F. Chilver) . . . 272 W. Meyers, L'administration de la province romaine de Belgique (by A. R. Birley) . . . 274 F. Millar, A Study of Cassius Bio (by G. B. Townend) 306 M. Pallottino, Che cos'e Varcheologia ? (by C. A. Ralegh Radford) 290 A. La Penna, Orazio e I'ideologia del Principato (by G. B. Townend) ..... 302 G. Picard, Carthage, trans, by M. and L. Kochan (by B. H. Warmington) .... 262 R. Remondon, La crise de VEmpire Romain de Marc-Aurele a Anastase (by Fergus Millar) . 275 G. De Sanctis, Storia dei Romani, vol. iv, La Fondazione dell'Impero, Parte in, Dalla Battaglia di Pidna alia Caduta di Numanzia (by A. E. Astin) 265 H. H. Schmitt, Untersuchungen zur Geschichte Antiochos des Grossen und seiner Zeit (by F. W. Walbank) 262 A. N. Sherwin-White, Roman Society and Roman Law in the New Testament (by Henry Chadwick) 276 Grace Simpson, Britons and the Roman Army (by Leslie Alcock) 293 W. Suerbaum, Vom antiken zum fruhmittelalterlichen Staatsbegriff: iiber Verwendung und Bedeutung von Res Publica, Regnum, Imperium und Status von Cicero bis Jordanis (by P. R. L. Brown) 276 J. Suolahti, The Roman Censors, a study on Social Structure (by John Briscoe) . . . 266 Sylloge Inscriptionum Christianarum Veterum Musei Vaticani, ed. H. Zilliacus (by A. G. Woodhead) 283 E. Tengstrom, Donatisten und Katholiken : soziale, wirtschaftliche und politische Aspekten einer nordafrikanischen Kirchenspaltung (by P. R. L. Brown) 281 J. C. Thibault, The Mystery of Ovid's exile (by D. E. W. Wormell) 303 Edit B. Thomas, Romische Villen in Pannonien (by F. H. Thompson) 293 F. H. Thompson, Roman Cheshire (by A. R. Birley) ...... 297 The Viatores, Roman Roads in the South-east Midlands (by Olwen Brogan) .... 298 J. Vogt, Ammianus Marcellinus ah erzdhlender Geschichtsschreiber der Spdtzeit (by E. A. Thompson) ...... 307 J. De Vries, Keltische Religion (by Anne Ross) 280 J. B. Ward-Perkins, Landscape and History in Central Italy (by C. A. Ralegh Radford) . .291 K.-H. Ziegler, Die Beziehungen zwischen Rom und dem Partherreich (by E. W. Gray) . . 269 vu PAGE NOTICES E. Olshausen, Rom und Agypten -von 116 bis 51 v. Chr. (by E. Badian) .... 309 Plutarchi Vita Ciceronis, ed. D. Magnino (by D. A. Russell) 309 Studi Annibalici : Atti del Convegno svoltosi a Cortona—Tuoro sul Trasimeno—Perugia, ottobre, 1961 (by F. W. Walbank) 309 Erich Swoboda, Carnuntum, seine Geschichte und seine Denkmdler (by C. A. Ralegh Radford) . 310 Graham Webster, ed., Romano-British Coarse Pottery : a Student's Guide (by F. H. Thompson) 310

List of Works Received 311 Proceedings of the Society, 1964-1965 ...... 318 Report of the Council for 1964 ...... 320 Balance Sheet as at 31st December, 1964 ...... -324 Income and Expenditure Account for the year ended 31st December, 1964 . . . -325 Joint Library Account for the year ended 31st December, 1964 326 Indexes:— (i) Names and Subjects ...... -329 (ii) Literary Authorities ...... 336 (iii) Inscriptions ...... 338 (iv) Coins 338 (v) Papyri 338 Vlll

LIST OF PLATES

Frontispiece Ian Archibald Richmond

Lionel Casson, Harbour and River Boats of Ancient Rome. Plate I. i. Tugboat on a tomb plaque of Hadrianic date from the Isola Sacra. 2. Barge of the late Imperial period found near the mouth of Claudius' harbour.

II. i. Barge under tow : relief on base of statue of the Tiber in the Louvre, ca. A.D. ioo. 2, 3. Codicariae naves from (2) second/third century A.D. fresco from a tomb at Ostia, (3) mosaic of ca. A.D. 200 from Ostia.

in. 1. Codkaria navis from late third /fourth century A.D. cippus found in Rome. 2. Hauling river-boat upstream : relief in Musee Calvet, Avignon. iv. 1. 2. Codicariae naves from (1) sarcophagus from Ostia of the beginning of the third century A.D., now in Ny-Carlsberg Glyptothek, (2) tomb plaque of Trajanic or Hadrianic date from the Isola Sacra.

v. 1. A Codkaria on third century A.D. relief in Salerno cathedral. 2. View of the Brenta by Gianfrancesco Costa.

Shelagh Jameson, Cornutus Tertullus and the Plancii of Perge. Plate vi. Inscription from Perge in honour of C. Julius Plancius Varus Cornutus.

VII. Inscription from Perge in honour of Plancia Magna.

VIII. Dedications by Plancia Magna at Perge to (1) Diana Pergensis, (2) Divus Traianus, (3) Diva Matidia.

J. K. St. Joseph, Air Reconnaissance in Britain, 1961-64. Plate ix. Longthorpe, Northamptonshire : Roman Fort.

x. 1. Newton on Trent, Lincolnshire : Roman Camp. 2. Inchtuthil, Perthshire : the Labour-camp to SW. of the Fortress.

xi. 1. Cardean, Angus : the Roman Fort. 2. Auchtermuchty, Fife : temporary Camp.

XII. 1. Roman road approaching the Fort at Coelbren, Glam. 2. Twyn y Briddallt, Glam.: temporary Camp.

xni. 1. Silchester, Hampshire : buildings in Insula VIII. 2. Saunderton Lee, Bucks.: Roman Villa. IX

Roman Britain in 1964. Plate xiv. 1. Lincoln : N. tower of E. gate of colonia. 2. Holbrook, Derbyshire : kiln. 3. Ancaster, Lines.: statue of deity or hero.

xv. 1. Gadebridge Park, Herts.: steps down to pool added to villa bath-house. 2. Cirencester, Glos.: mosaic pavement in Building xx, 2. 3. Frocester Court, Glos.: holes beneath basement floor in villa baths.

xvi. 1, 2. Homersfield, Suffolk : face-mask mould. 3. Eccles, Aylesford, Kent: silver spoon. 4. Preston Road, Brighton, Sussex : pipeclay busts. 5. West Park, Rockbourne, Hants.: gable finial. 6. Branston, Lines.: tombstone.

xvii. 1. Chilgrove, West Dean, Sussex : statuette of Fortuna. 2. Godmanstone, Dorset: fragment of altar.

XVIII. 1. Chester: slate tablet. 2. Scarcroft, W. Yorks.: altar to Apollo. 3. Hardknot, Cumberland : dedication slab.

xix. 1, 2. Carpow, Perths.: fragments of monumental inscription of Caracalla from E. gate of fortress. 3. Brougham, Cumberland : milestone of Postumus.

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS IN THE TEXT

PAGE J. K. St. Joseph, Air Reconnaissance in Britain, 1961-64. Fig. 1. Roman Fort at Longthorpe, Northamptonshire ...... 75 Fig. 2. Roman Fort and Camp, Newton on Trent, Lincolnshire . . . 76 Fig. 3. Site plan : Watling Street near Stretton, Staffordshire ..... 77 Fig. 4. Camp at Battledykes-Keithock, Angus 84

Colin Hardie, The Origin and Plan of Roman Florence. Fig. 5. The County of Florence (Carolingian) 124 Fig. 6. Florence : development and centuriation ...... 133 Fig. 7. Florence : the Roman and Byzantine cities 136 Fig. 8. Florence : streets of the inner city ...... 137 PAGE P. G. Walsh, Massinissa. Fig. 9. Locations of the inscriptions of the Cereres . . . . . 153

Roman Britain in 1964. Fig. 10. Caerleon, Mon.: plan of legionary hospital 200

Fig. 11. Inchtuthil, Perths.: plan of temporary compound outside SW. angle of fortress 201

Fig. 12. Ancaster, Lines.: plan and section of SW. angle-bastion of town defences . 206

Fig. 13. Huntsham, Herefords.: plan of fourth-century ' cottage-house ' . . . 208

Fig. 14. Bozeat, Northants.: plan of circular structure ...... 209

Fig. 15. Shakenoak Farm, Wilcote, Oxon.: plan of second-century farm building . 210

Fig. 16. Shakenoak Farm, Wilcote, Oxon.: plan of third-century farm building . .211

Fig. 17. Gadebridge Park, Herts.: plan of villa bath-house 212

Fig. 18. Harlow, Essex : plan of Romano-Celtic temple ...... 213

Fig. 19. Gracechurch St., London : plan of building examined in 1881, 1934 and 1964 214

Fig. 20. Huggin Hill, Upper Thames St., London : plan of Flavian baths . . . 215

Fig. 21. Bardown, Ticehurst, Sussex: ironworkers' furnace 218

Fig. 22. Eccles, Aylesford, Kent: plans of successive bath-wings of large villa . . 219

A. R. Burn, Review-Discussion of H. Nordberg's Biometrical Notes. Fig. 23. Survival curves in ancient and modern Rome ...... 256 SOCIETY FOR THE PROMOTION OF ROMAN STUDIES OFFICERS AND COUNCIL, 1965-66

President PROFESSOR A. D. MOMIGLIANO, D.LITT., F.B.A.

Vice-Presidents PROFESSOR SIR F. E. ADCOCK, O.B.E., PROFESSOR A. H. M. JONES, F.B.A., F.S.A. LITT.D., D.LITT., F.B.A. I. D. MARGARY, F.S.A. PROFESSOR B. ASHMOLE, C.B.E., M.C., F.B.A., J. N. L. MYRES, LL.D. F.S.A. Hon. A.R.I.B.A. PROFESSOR H. H. SCULLARD, F.B.A., F.S.A. PROFESSOR R. G. AUSTIN, D.LITT. A. N. SHERWIN-WHITE, F.B.A. J. P. V. D. BALSDON PROFESSOR SIR RONALD SYME, D.LITT., SIR HAROLD IDRIS BELL, C.B., O.B.E., F.B.A. F.B.A. PROFESSOR ERIC BIRLEY, M.B.E., F.S.A. PROFESSOR J. M. C. TOYNBEE, D.PHIL., PROFESSOR G. E. F. CHILVER F.B.A., F.S.A. SIR MAURICE DEAN, K.C.B., K.C.M.G. PROFESSOR F. W. WALBANK, F.B.A. PROFESSOR EDUARD FRAENKEL, F.B.A. J. B. WARD PERKINS, C.B.E., F.B.A., F.S.A. PROFESSOR MICHAEL GRANT, C.B.E., SIR MORTIMER WHEELER, C.I.E., M.C., LITT.D., F.S.A. D.LIT., D.LITT., F.B.A., F.S.A.

Ordinary Members of the Council Elected June 1963 LADY FOX, F.S.A. J. ANDERSON PROFESSOR S. S. FRERE, F.S.A. F. A. LEPPER DR. C. H. V. SUTHERLAND, F.S.A. DR. J. K. ST. JOSEPH, O.B.E., F.S.A. F. H. THOMPSON, F.S.A. DR. A. H. MCDONALD K. WELLESLEY MISS J. REYNOLDS, F.S.A. DR. K. A. STEER, F.S.A. Elected June 1965 D. L. STOCKTON LADY BROGAN, F.S.A. PROFESSOR E. A. THOMPSON B. CUNLIFFE, F.S.A. M. W. FREDERIKSEN Elected June 1964 LIEUT.-COLONEL G. W. MEATES, F.S.A. PROFESSOR C. O. BRINK R. G. M. NISBET R. A. G. CARSON PROFESSOR E. G. TURNER, F.B.A. DR. T. A. DOREY DR. S. WEINSTOCK

Hon. Treasurer Auditors SIR DOUGLAS VEALE, C.B.E., D.C.L. MESSRS. DAVEY, BRIDGWATER AND CO.

Editorial Committee DR. A. H. MCDONALD PROFESSOR A. D. MOMIGLIANO PROFESSOR F. W. WALBANK PROFESSOR G. W. WILLIAMS with the co-operation of SIR FRANK ADCOCK and SIR RONALD SYME

Editor : F. A. LEPPER, Corpus Christi College, Oxford Review Editor : PROFESSOR F. W. WALBANK, Hope Lodge, 5 Poplar Road, Oxton, Birkenhead

Library Committee M. W. FREDERIKSEN R. M. OGILVIE PROFESSOR S. S. FRERE, F.S.A. PROFESSOR H. H. SCULLARD

Hon. Librarian Librarian PROFESSOR O. SKUTSCH MISS J. E. SOUTHAN, B.A.

Hon. Secretary Secretary Keeper of Lantern Slides MRS. J. S. BENNETT, M.A. MRS. P. GILBERT, B.A. MRS. M. GOODALL, B.A.

Hon. American Secretary PROFESSOR STERLING DOW

HONORARY MEMBERS PROFESSOR A. ALFOLDI PROFESSOR R. EGGER PROFESSOR AXEL BOETHIUS PROFESSOR M. GELZER PROFESSOR J. CARCOPINO PROFESSOR ANDRfi PIGANIOL PROFESSOR A. DEGRASSI PROFESSOR LILY ROSS TAYLOR