Development of Plastid Genomic Resources for Discrimination and Classification of Epimedium Wushanense (Berberidaceae)
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Epimedium L) – a Promising Source of Raw Materials for the Creation of Medicines for the Treatment of Erectile Dysfunction in Men
Pharmacogn J. 2020; 12(6)Suppl:1710-1715 A Multifaceted Journal in the field of Natural Products and Pharmacognosy Research Article www.phcogj.com Representatives of the Genus Goryanka (Epimedium L) – a Promising Source of Raw Materials for the Creation of Medicines for the Treatment of Erectile Dysfunction in Men Bukinich Darya Dmitrievna, Salova VG, Odintsova EB, Rastopchina OV, Solovyovа NL, Kozlova AM, Krasniuk II (jun), Krasniuk II, Kozlova Zh M* ABSTRACT Erectile dysfunction and multiple mechanisms of its development are one of the most pressing problems of modern medicine. In the twenty-first century, millions of men around the world suffer from sexual disorders, and the number of such patients is only growing from year to Bukinich Darya Dmitrievna, year. The flavonoid icariin, contained in plants of the genusEpimedium L., is a promising Salova VG, Odintsova EB, pharmacologically active substance used for erectile dysfunction, due to its ability to affect Rastopchina OV, Solovyovа type 5 phosphodiesterase, inhibiting its activity. To date, domestic and foreign pharmaceutical NL, Kozlova AM, Krasniuk II companies produce biologically active food additives and herbal preparations, which include (jun), Krasniuk II, Kozlova Zh Goryanka extract. But the range of standardized herbal medicines is very small. M* Key words: Drug, Epimedium Estrellita, Icariin, Impotence. First Moscow state medical university named after I.M. Sechenov, (Sechenov University), Moscow, RUSSIAN INTRODUCTION The purpose of this work is to theoretically FEDERATION. substantiate the possibility of using medicinal plant Erectile dysfunction (ED) is one of the most raw materials of the genus Goryanka (Epimedium Correspondence pressing problems of modern medicine. According L) to create medicines for the treatment of erectile Kozlova Zh. -
A Systematic Study on DNA Barcoding of Medicinally Important Genus Epimedium L
G C A T T A C G G C A T genes Article A Systematic Study on DNA Barcoding of Medicinally Important Genus Epimedium L. (Berberidaceae) Mengyue Guo 1 , Yanqin Xu 2, Li Ren 1, Shunzhi He 3 and Xiaohui Pang 1,* 1 Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People’s Republic of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China; [email protected] (M.G.); [email protected] (L.R.) 2 College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China; [email protected] 3 Department of Pharmacy, Guiyang College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550002, China; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-10-57833051 Received: 27 October 2018; Accepted: 10 December 2018; Published: 17 December 2018 Abstract: Genus Epimedium consists of approximately 50 species in China, and more than half of them possess medicinal properties. The high similarity of species’ morphological characteristics complicates the identification accuracy, leading to potential risks in herbal efficacy and medical safety. In this study, we tested the applicability of four single loci, namely, rbcL, psbA-trnH, internal transcribed spacer (ITS), and ITS2, and their combinations as DNA barcodes to identify 37 Epimedium species on the basis of the analyses, including the success rates of PCR amplifications and sequencing, specific genetic divergence, distance-based method, and character-based method. Among them, character-based method showed the best applicability for identifying Epimedium species. As for the DNA barcodes, psbA-trnH showed the best performance among the four single loci with nine species being correctly differentiated. -
Perennial Dividing Chart
Dividing Perennials Page 1/8 Botanical Common Name Division When to divide * Additional notes Growth needed / 4 weeks before killing frost Root type habit years Achillea Yarrow Early spring as new Separate by cutting or pulling apart. Discard central woody core. 2 to 3 spreads growth emerges Aconitum Monkshood Spring or Early Fall * Resents disturbance. All parts of the plant are poisonous, so use no rubber gloves when dividing tuberous roots and handle with care. clumps tuber Aegopodium pod. Snow-On-The- Spring or Early Fall * Replant the divisions, making sure that each contains a bit of underground 1 to 3 spreads Mountain roots and a bit of top growth roots Agastache Anise Hyssop Spring Dig up and divide agastache every three to four years. Replant 3 to 4 the divisions, making sure that each contains a bit of roots and a clumps bit of top growth Ajuga reptans Bugleweed Spring or Early Fall * Can be divided any time of year, but spring and fall are best for 1 to 3 spreads stolons quick rooting. Alchemilla vulgaris Lady's Mantle Spring or Early Fall * Cut crown into sections with sharp spade or knife, making sure 6 to 10 clumps (mollis) that each contains a bit of roots and a bit of top growth Allium Ornamental After flowering Divide overcrowded clusters after foliage disappears and replant spreading bulb Onion at the same soil level. Amsonia Blue Star Spring or Early Fall * Seldom needs to be divided; grows slowly so will take tabernaemontana several years to establish from divisions. If you want a division no anyway, slice down the length of the root, making sure there is at clumps taproot least 1 eye, some of the taproot and a few sideroots Anemone tomentosa Grape-Leaf Spring It doesn't like to have main clump disturbed; sends out Anemone underground runners, so dig small new plants around the edges underground 5 to 10 running or any piece with an eye or sucker already forming for replanting. -
2020 Plant List 1
2020 issima Introductions Sesleria nitida Artemisia lactiflora ‘Smoke Show’ Succisella inflexa 'Frosted Pearls' Impatiens omeiana ‘Black Ice’ Thalictrum contortum Kniphofia ‘Corn Dog’ Thalictrum rochebrunianum var. grandisepalum Kniphofia ‘Dries’ Tiarella polyphylla (BO) Kniphofia ‘Takis Fingers’ Verbascum roripifolium hybrids Persicaria amplexicaulis ‘Ruby Woo’ Veronica austriaca 'Ionian Skies' Sanguisorba ‘Unicorn Tails’ Sanguisorba obtusa ‘Tickled Pink’ Stock Woody and Herbaceous Perennials, New & Returning for 2020 indexed alphabetically: Alchemilla alpina Acanthus ‘Summer Beauty’ Aletris farinosa Acanthus Hollard’s Gold’ Anemone nemorosa ‘Vestal’ Acanthus syriacus Anemone nemorosa Virescens Actaea pachypoda Anemone ranunculoides Actaea rubra leucocarpa Anemone seemannii Adenophora triphylla Berkheya purpurea Pink Flower Agastache ‘Linda’ Berkheya species (Silver Hill) Agastache ‘Serpentine’ Boehmeria spicata 'Chantilly' Ajuga incisa ‘Blue Enigma’ Callirhoe digitata Amorphophallus konjac Carex plantaginea Anemonella thalictroides ‘Cameo’ Carex scaposa Anemonella thalictroides ‘Oscar Schoaff’ Deinanthe caerulea x bifida Anemonopsis macrophylla – dark stems Dianthus superbus var. speciosus Anemonopsis macrophylla – White Flower Digitalis ferruginea Angelica gigas Disporum sessile ‘Variegatum’ Anthemis ‘Cally Cream’ Echium amoenum Anthericum ramosum Echium russicum Arisaema fargesii Echium vulgare Arisaema ringens Erigeron speciosus (KDN) Arisaema sikokianum Eriogonum annuum (KDN) Artemisia lactiflora ‘Elfenbein’ Geranium psilostemon -
Epimediums – Jewels of the Shade Garden Karen Perkins-- Garden Vision Epimediums
Epimediums – Jewels of the Shade Garden Karen Perkins-- Garden Vision Epimediums 1. Stockbeds coming alive in early spring 2. Old friends: Epimedium ×rubrum/E. ×versicolor ‘Sulphureum’, E. ×warleyense ‘Orangekonigin’ & E. grandiflorum ‘Lilafee’ Characteristics & How to Grow: 3. Spring foliage color 4. Second growth flush 5. Summer leaf comparisons 6. Effects of direct sun 7. Fall color 8. Evergreen vs. deciduous 9. Runners vs. clumpers 10. Vegetative propagation: Dividing/Tools 11. Growing from seed 12. Soils, growing pointers 13. Planting guidelines 14. Tips & Tools for cutting back 15. Pests & Diseases Introduction to major Epimedium players: 16. Darrell Probst/Harold Epstein in his Larchmont garden 17. Prof. Wm. Stearn, Harold Epstein 18. Robin White with E. ×’Amber Queen’ / 1995 Royal Horticultural Society Show Sampling of Japanese/Korean deciduous species: 19. Epimedium grandiflorum ‘Bicolor Giant’ 20. Epimedium grandiflorum ‘Circe’ & ‘Yubae’ 21. Epimedium grandiflorum ‘Dark Beauty’ 22. Unusual flower forms: E. grandiflorum ‘Mizuhomaru’/E. ×youngianum ‘Sudama’ 23. Epimedium grandiflorum ‘Orion’ & ‘Red Queen’ 24. Epimedium grandiflorum ‘Purple Prince’ 25. Epimedium grandiflorum f. flavescens #2 26. Epimedium grandiflorum v. higoense ‘Bandit’ & E. grandiflorum ‘Spring Wedding’ 27. Epimedium pinnatum ssp. colchicum “Thunderbolt’ 28. Epimedium pubigerum- 2 clones (Cc. 950215, Cc. 950029) 29. Epimedium sempervirens “Variegated #1” 30. Epimedium ‘Lilac Cascade’ 31. Epimedium ‘Sunshowers’ 32. Epimedium ×perralchicum ‘Frohnleiten’ 33. Epimedium ×rubrum ‘Sweetheart’ 34. Epimedium ×versicolor ‘Cherry Tart’ 35. Epimedium ×versicolor ‘Cupreum’ 36. Epimedium ×youngianum ‘Azusa’ 37. Epimedium ×youngianum ‘Be My Valentine 38. Epimedium ×youngianum ‘Beni-kujaku’ Exploring for Epimediums in China: 39. Darrell Probst collecting in the wild in China 40. Sichuan Basin-- terraced agriculture 41. Map of China/Sichuan Province 42. -
Berberine: Botanical Occurrence, Traditional Uses, Extraction Methods, and Relevance in Cardiovascular, Metabolic, Hepatic, and Renal Disorders
REVIEW published: 21 August 2018 doi: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00557 Berberine: Botanical Occurrence, Traditional Uses, Extraction Methods, and Relevance in Cardiovascular, Metabolic, Hepatic, and Renal Disorders Maria A. Neag 1, Andrei Mocan 2*, Javier Echeverría 3, Raluca M. Pop 1, Corina I. Bocsan 1, Gianina Cri¸san 2 and Anca D. Buzoianu 1 1 Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania, 2 Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania, 3 Department of Environmental Sciences, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile Edited by: Berberine-containing plants have been traditionally used in different parts of the world for Anna Karolina Kiss, the treatment of inflammatory disorders, skin diseases, wound healing, reducing fevers, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland affections of eyes, treatment of tumors, digestive and respiratory diseases, and microbial Reviewed by: Pinarosa Avato, pathologies. The physico-chemical properties of berberine contribute to the high diversity Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo of extraction and detection methods. Considering its particularities this review describes Moro, Italy various methods mentioned in the literature so far with reference to the most important Sylwia Zielinska, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland factors influencing berberine extraction. Further, the common separation and detection *Correspondence: methods like thin layer chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography, and Andrei Mocan mass spectrometry are discussed in order to give a complex overview of the existing [email protected] methods. Additionally, many clinical and experimental studies suggest that berberine Specialty section: has several pharmacological properties, such as immunomodulatory, antioxidative, This article was submitted to cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, and renoprotective effects. -
GULF STREAM NANDINA Nandina Domestica Characteristics Culture Noteworthy Characteristics Problems Garden Uses
GULF STREAM NANDINA Nandina domestica Characteristics Type: Shrub Bloom Time: June Zone: 6 to 9 Flower: Showy Height: 3.00 to 8.00 feet Sun: Full sun to part shade Spread: 2.00 to 4.00 feet Water: Medium Bloom Colors: White with yellow anthers Maintenance: Medium Culture Easily grown in average, medium moisture, well-drained soils in full sun to part shade. Some tolerance for full shade, but foliage often grows best in sun with some afternoon shade. Tolerates a wide range of soils, but prefers rich, moist, humusy ones. Best with consistent watering. Established plants have some drought tolerance. Best fruiting occurs when grown in groups. Single specimens may fruit poorly. This shrub is evergreen in the warm winter climates of USDA Zones 8-10. In cooler areas, it is considered to be semi- evergreen to deciduous because plants will typically lose their foliage as soon as winter temperatures dip below 10 degrees F., with the stems sometimes dying to the ground. In these areas, plants are not reliably winter hardy, and if grown therein, should be sited in protected locations with organic winter mulches applied. Noteworthy characteristics Nandina domestica, commonly called heavenly bamboo, is a broadleaf evergreen shrub that is ornamentally grown for its interesting foliage and its often spectacular fruit display. It is native to Japan, China and India. This is a rhizomatous, upright, evergreen shrub that typically grows to 4-8’ tall and to 2-4’ wide. Outside Zones 6-9, it is semi-evergreen to deciduous, and typically grows shorter since the stems often will die to the ground in winter. -
Berberidaceae) Endemic to China
Phytotaxa 204 (2): 147–152 ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition) www.mapress.com/phytotaxa/ PHYTOTAXA Copyright © 2015 Magnolia Press Article ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.204.2.5 Taxonomic notes on three species of Epimedium (Berberidaceae) endemic to China YAN-JUN ZHANG, HAI-SHAN DANG, JIAN-QIANG LI* & YING WANG * Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China * Authors for correspondence: E-mails: [email protected]; [email protected] Abstract Three species of Epimedium (Berberidaceae), E. reticulatum, E. shuichengense and E. truncatum, are controversial based on flower characteristics. In this paper, the descriptions of their flower characters of these three species are revised based on our extensive studies in herbaria and observations in the field and cultivation. E. reticulatum is transferred from ser. Brachycerae to ser. Campanulatae, and E. shuichengense is recognized as a member of ser. Davidianae. The holotype and isotypes of E. reticulatum represent two species, E. reticulatum and E. membranaceum, and the type material of E. truncatum has been lost. Here we lectotypy E. reticulatum and neotypify E. truncatum. Key words: Epimedium, flower characters, revision, lectotype, neotype Introduction Epimedium Linnaeus (1753: 117) is the largest herbaceous genus of Berberidaceae, with about 58 species distributed disjunctly and very unevenly in temperate hilly or montane regions from Algeria in North Africa to Japan in Asia (Stearn 2002; Ying et al. 2011). China is the diversity center of Epimedium, and possesses about 48 species of the genus which are all endemics except Epimedium koreanum Nakai (1936: 63). -
1999 Twinleaf (Jeffersonia Diphylla)
Twinleaf uses The rhizome, harvested in the fall, has been used to treat various ailments including rheumatism, T w i n l e a f as suggested by one of its vernacular names, rheumatism-root. Native Americans, according Jeffersonia diphylla to author D. E. Moerman, used this plant to treat a range of ailments, from dropsy to urinary problems and diarrhea, and applied it as a poultice for sores and ulcers. .. WheretoSee Jeffersonia diphylla Twinleaf grows in moist, deciduous woods or on partially rocky slopes and outcrops, typically on calcareous substrates at relatively low elevations. It is native from western New York and southern Ontario to Minnesota and south to Alabama and Georgia. It is indigenous, but not common, over the western two-thirds of Virginia, but absent from the coastal plain. It flowers in late March and early April in Virginia southward and late April to early May in the more northern parts of its range. JEFFERSONIA DIPHYLLA ( L.) PERSOON source Atlas the Flora, 1992) Map - of Virginia III ( Ut cd To see and learn more about interesting species of plants na- www . £ tive to Virginia, visit our Website (http:// .vnps org) and «3 o contact your local chapter of VNPSfor the times and dates of - programs and wildflower walks in your area. ’"Q O Text by Stanwyn G. Shetler*•Illustrations by Nicky Staunton r a M. •Color photo by VNPS photo contest winner Carolyn C. Bates* •a s Q > > Gardeners should not collect twinleaf in the wild and s C2 should be certain that native plants purchased are 1999 Virginia nursery-propagated, not wild-collected. -
Nandina Nandina Domestica
Photo by John Ruter, University of Georgia, Bugwood.org NANDINA NANDINA DOMESTICA Nandina is a small, semi-evergreen-to-evergreen mats of new plant populations. Nandina habitually shrub that is native to China and Japan. It earned the forms dense thickets where it establishes and successfully nicknames sacred bamboo and heavenly bamboo, due displaces many native plant species. Nandina plants to its stout, upright form, unique cane-like stems and its produce large amounts of seed that are lightweight and stalk-like leaves. It was first introduced into the United easily transported by wind and water. Many species States in 1804 as an ornamental plant and quickly of wildlife facilitate its spread and move seed through became popular with homeowners and gardeners and consumption. the landscaping industry for its attractive bright red berries in the fall, pleasant white flower display in the Management spring and its lustrous, dark evergreen leaves. To help prevent the spread, do not plant nandina. Instead, select native alternatives, such as red buckeye Identification (Aesculus pavia), beautyberry (Calicarpa Americana), witch Nandina is a small, upright shrub that grows up to 8 hazel (Hamamelis virginiana), oakleaf hydrangea (Hydrangea feet and has compound leaves. Each leaf has three 1- to 2-inch leaflets. The main stem of nandina has distinct, overlapping leaf sheaths, reminiscent of bamboo, hence the nickname, sacred bamboo. The bark on mature stems is light brown and has long, shallow, vertical furrows. Large panicles of attractive, tiny, white flowers bloom in spring. Each growing season nandina produces clusters of green berries that mature into attractive, vibrant red berries in the fall. -
Common Name Scientific Name Type Plant Family Native
Common name Scientific name Type Plant family Native region Location: Africa Rainforest Dragon Root Smilacina racemosa Herbaceous Liliaceae Oregon Native Fairy Wings Epimedium sp. Herbaceous Berberidaceae Garden Origin Golden Hakone Grass Hakonechloa macra 'Aureola' Herbaceous Poaceae Japan Heartleaf Bergenia Bergenia cordifolia Herbaceous Saxifragaceae N. Central Asia Inside Out Flower Vancouveria hexandra Herbaceous Berberidaceae Oregon Native Japanese Butterbur Petasites japonicus Herbaceous Asteraceae Japan Japanese Pachysandra Pachysandra terminalis Herbaceous Buxaceae Japan Lenten Rose Helleborus orientalis Herbaceous Ranunculaceae Greece, Asia Minor Sweet Woodruff Galium odoratum Herbaceous Rubiaceae Europe, N. Africa, W. Asia Sword Fern Polystichum munitum Herbaceous Dryopteridaceae Oregon Native David's Viburnum Viburnum davidii Shrub Caprifoliaceae Western China Evergreen Huckleberry Vaccinium ovatum Shrub Ericaceae Oregon Native Fragrant Honeysuckle Lonicera fragrantissima Shrub Caprifoliaceae Eastern China Glossy Abelia Abelia x grandiflora Shrub Caprifoliaceae Garden Origin Heavenly Bamboo Nandina domestica Shrub Berberidaceae Eastern Asia Himalayan Honeysuckle Leycesteria formosa Shrub Caprifoliaceae Himalaya, S.W. China Japanese Aralia Fatsia japonica Shrub Araliaceae Japan, Taiwan Japanese Aucuba Aucuba japonica Shrub Cornaceae Japan Kiwi Vine Actinidia chinensis Shrub Actinidiaceae China Laurustinus Viburnum tinus Shrub Caprifoliaceae Mediterranean Mexican Orange Choisya ternata Shrub Rutaceae Mexico Palmate Bamboo Sasa -
Epimediums for the Northwest Garden
Richie’s Picks of Epimediums for the Northwest The best epimediums for flowers Epimedium ‘Amber Queen’ Epimedium brachyrrhizum Epimedium epsteinii Epimedium fargesii Epimedium franchetii Epimedium grandiflorum ‘Lavender Lady’ Epimedium grandiflorum ‘Orion’ Epimedium grandiflorum ‘Purple Prince’ Epimedium grandiflorum ‘Red Queen’ Epimedium ‘Lavender Cascade’ Epimedium leptorrhizum Epimedium stellulatum Epimedium x youngianum ‘Beni-kujaku’ Epimedium x youngianum ‘Murasaki-juji’ Epimedium x youngianum ‘White Star’ The best epimediums for foliage Epimedium brevicornu Epimedium grandiflorum ‘Dark Beauty’ Epimedium grandiflorum var. higoense ‘Bandit’ Epimedium grandiflorum var. violaceum ‘Bronze Maiden’ Epimedium lishihchenii Epimedium myrianthum ‘Mottled Madness’ Epimedium pubescens Epimedium x rubrum ‘Sweetheart’ Epimedium sagittatum Epimedium sempervirens ‘Cherry Hearts’ Epimedium sempervirens ‘Variegata’ Epimedium ‘Starlet’ Epimedium x youngianum ‘Royal Flush’ Epimedium x versicolor ‘Versicolor’ (drought tolerant) The best epimediums for all around garden use Epimedium ‘Black Sea’ (drought tolerant) Epimedium grandiflorum ‘Irene’ Epimedium grandiflorum ‘Queen Esta’ Epimedium grandiflorum ‘Tama-no-genpei’ Epimedium grandiflorum var. higoense ‘Bandit’ Epimedium grandiflorum var. higoense ‘Saturn’ Epimedium grandiflorum var. thunbergiana ‘Yubae’ (also sold as ‘Rose Queen’) Epimedium pauciflorum Epimedium x perralchicum (drought tolerant) Epimedium perralderianum (drought tolerant) Epimedium pinnatum ssp. colchicum (drought tolerant) Epimedium platypetalum x pauciflorum Epimedium x rubrum (drought tolerant) Epimedium sempervirens ‘Okuda’s White’ Epimedium sempervirens ‘Rose Dwarf’ Epimedium stellulatum Epimedium x versicolor ‘Cherry Tart’ (drought tolerant) Epimedium x versicolor ‘Neosulphureum’ (drought tolerant) Epimedium x versicolor ‘Sulphureum’.(drought tolerant) Epimedium x versicolor ‘Versicolor’ (drought tolerant) Epimedium x warleyense (drought tolerant) Epimedium x warleyense ‘Orangekönigin’ (drought tolerant) .