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' . .,.·:'- .. !;J Access Denied Voices of persons with disabilities from Africa The AfricAn child Policy forum (AcPf) ACPF is an independent, not-for-profit, pan-African institution of policy research and dialogue on the African child. ACPF was established with the conviction that putting children first on the public agenda is fundamental to the realisation of their rights and wellbeing, and to bringing about lasting social and economic progress in Africa. ACPF’s work is rights-based, inspired by universal values and informed by global experiences and knowledge. ACPF’s work is guided by the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child, and other relevant regional and international human rights instruments. Specifically, ACPF aims to contribute to improved knowledge on children in Africa; to monitor and report progress; to identify policy options; to provide a platform for dialogue; to collaborate with governments, intergovernmental organisations and civil society in the development and implementation of effective pro-child policies and programmes; and to promote a common voice for children in Africa. The African child Policy forum (AcPf) P.O. Box 1179, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Tel: +251 116 62 81 92/96/97/99 Fax: +251 116 62 82 00 Email: [email protected] Websites: www.africanchildforum.org www.africanchild.info © 2014 The African Child Policy Forum (ACPF) Suggested citation: ACPF (2014). Access Denied: Voices of persons with disabilities from Africa. Addis Ababa: The African Child Policy Forum (ACPF). i AcknowledgemenTs Our sincere gratitude goes to Bartley Network; the Ethiopian National Robbs Communications Ltd. (BRC) for Association for the Blind; the Federation facilitating and documenting the of Ethiopian National Associations of research; to Thabisile Levin for providing People with Disabilities; Zewditu additional content on the city of Memorial Hospital HIV/AIDS Voluntary Johannesburg and to Anders Nilsson for Counselling and Test Centre. his valuable contributions to the report. Access denied in sierrA leone: Particular thanks and appreciation go to the following organisations who COOPI; construction engineer Leslie generously acted as primary facilitators Clarkson; Defence for Children for each of the city visits, and which were International; Handicap Action instrumental in identifying key Movement; Handicap International; stakeholders for interview and bringing Freetown Police Headquarters; Human focus group participants together: Rights Commission of Sierra Leone; Leonard Cheshire Disability Sierra ethiopian centre for disability and Leone; Manaheim Orphanage Home; development, Addis Ababa, ethiopia; One Family People; Polio Challenge defence for children international, Association; Polio Women and Girls’ freetown, sierra leone; katalemwa Development Association; REC Primary cheshire home for rehabilitation School; the Sierra Leone Ministry of services, kampala, uganda; and Education, Science and Technology; the Zambia federation of the disabled, Sierra Leone Ministry of Health and lusaka, Zambia. Sanitation; the Sierra Leone Ministry of This report would not have been possible Lands, Country Planning and the without the cooperation and support of a Environment; Skills Training Centre for large number of individuals, government Polio Victims. institutions and organisations who generously made time for the researcher in souTh AfricA: and provided valuable insights, resources Albinico Sack Architects and Urban and materials. Designers; Association for the Physically Disabled; Blind South Africa; the City of in eThioPiA: Johannesburg; Deaf Federation of South Addis Ababa City Road Authority; Africa; DICAC; Downs Syndrome South architects and consulting engineers, Africa; Ngwana Kopi; Nomadlozi Amanuel Tesfaye and Teshome Kebede; Mahlangu; Phillip Maibi; South African Ethiopian Centre for Disability and Disabled Musicians’ Association; South Development; the Ethiopian Ministry of African Mobility for the Blind Trust; Lukas Education; the Ethiopian Ministry of Spiropoulos; Yeoville Bellevue Community Urban Development and Construction; Development Trust. the Ethiopian National Disability Action Voices of persons with disabilities from Africa ii in ugAndA: Disabled; Zambia Federation of the Action on Disability in Uganda; Arch Disabled/European Union Monitoring Design Ltd; Disabled Youth and Parents Unit; Zambian Ministry of Community Association; Handicap International; Development and Social Services; the Katalemwa Cheshire Home for Zambian Ministry of Education, Special Rehabilitation Services; Mental Health Education Unit; the Zambian Ministry of Access denied Uganda; National Association of the Deaf Local Government, Department of Blind of Uganda; National Council for Physical Planning and Housing; the Disability; National Union of Women with Zambian Ministry of Transport and Disabilities of Uganda; Seka Associates Communications; Zambia National Consulting Engineers Ltd; Sense Association of the Deaf; Zambia National International Uganda; Sign Health; Smile Federation of the Blind; Zambia National Communications Ltd; Uganda National Library and Cultural Centre for the Blind. Action on Physical Disability; Ugandan Human Rights Commission; Ugandan Above all, special recognition and Ministry of Health Disability Prevention; acknowledgement is due to the children, Ugandan Society for Disabled Children; young adults and adults with disabilities; Uganda Parents of Children with Learning parents; and caregivers, who gave of Disabilities. their time and opened their hearts in focus groups and one-to-one interviews. This report would not have been possible in ZAmbiA: without their honesty, openness and APTERS Appropriate Paper Technology; valuable insights into their lives and Community Based Interventions aspirations. Association; Engineering Institute of Zambia; City Planning Department, Photographs in Addis Ababa, Lusaka City Council; Zambia Agency for Freetown, Kampala and Lusaka: People with Disabilities; Zambia Antony Kerridge, BRC. Association of Parents of Children with Photographs in Johannesburg: Disabilities; Zambia Federation of the Thabisile Levin Voices of persons with disabilities from Africa iii Acronyms AcPf African Child Policy Forum dfid Department for International Development (UK) dPo Disabled Persons’ Organisation ecdd Ethiopian Centre for Disability and Development Access denied mdg(s) Millennium Development Goal(s) ngo Non-governmental organisation nudiPu National Union of Disabled Persons of Uganda srh Sexual and Reproductive Health sTd/sTi Sexually Transmitted Disease / Sexually Transmitted Infection uncrPd United Nations Convention on the Rights of People with Disabilities unicef The United Nations’ Children’s Fund who World Health Organization ZAfod Zambia Federation of the Disabled Voices of persons with disabilities from Africa conTenTs AcknowledgmenTs ............................... i Acronyms ................................................. iii foreword ................................................. iv PrefAce ..................................................... v key findings ............................................. vi Freetown Cityscape chAPTer 1 .................................................. 1 1.1 INTRODUCTION ....................................... 1 1.2 OBJECTIVES OF RESEARCH ................... 2 1.3 METHODOLOGY ....................................... 3 chAPTer 2 ................................................... 5 2.1 THE STUDY CITIES .................................. 5 chAPTer 3 .................................................. 9 3.1 DISABILITY STATISTICS ........................... 9 3.2 ATTITUDES TO DISABILITY ...................... 10 Mother Melrose and some of the orphans (left) 3.3 THE POLICY ENVIRONMENT .................. 16 Freetown, Sierra Leone 3.4 ACCESS TO THE BUILT Inaccessible: a wheelchair-bound man using the road to avoid ENVIRONMENT ......................................... 24 damaged pavement and pathway (right) 3.5 ACCESS TO TRANSPORT ........................ 39 Johannesburg, South Africa 3.6 ACCESS TO ASSISTIVE DEVICES .......... 48 3.7 ACCESS TO HEALTH SERVICES ............. 50 3.8 ACCESS TO EDUCATION ......................... 57 3.9 ACCESS TO INFORMATION ...................... 68 3.10 ACCESS TO RECREATION, SPORT AND PLAY FACILITIES ................ 71 3.11 ACCESS TO SHELTER AND HOUSING ... 74 3.12 ACCESS TO EMPLOYMENT AND THE WORKPLACE .......................... 78 3.13 BARRIERS TO IMPLEMENTING DISABILITY FRIENDLY POLICIES .......... 81 chAPTer 4 .................................................. 91 Kadiah and Elsie (seated) and classmate at REC 4.1 RECOMMENDATIONS .............................. 91 Primary School 4.2 CONCLUDING REMARKS .......................... 96 Freetown, Sierra Leone iv FOREWORD Persons with disabilities remain the most Access Denied: Voices of persons with marginalised and excluded in society. disabilities from Africa reflects and echoes They face multiple physical barriers, the voices of people with disabilities and discrimination and often, face higher risks therefore through their experiences of abuse and violence. Many children with and opinions draws attention to the issue disabilities and their families are severely of accessibility in urban landscapes across deprived of basic resources and services Africa. Undoubtedly, accessibility of the that enable them to develop to their full built environment has been a major barrier potential. They are denied
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