DOCSLIB.ORG

Phylogenetic Overview of the Boletineae 76 12 77 13 78 A,1 B,1 C,E D 14 Q10 Mitchell E

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Phylogenetic Overview of the Boletineae 76 12 77 13 78 A,1 B,1 C,E D 14 Q10 Mitchell E FUNBIO389_proof ■ 7 June 2013 ■ 1/33 fungal biology xxx (2013) 1e33 1 66 2 67 3 68 4 69 5 70 6 71 7 journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/funbio 72 8 73 9 74 10 75 11 Phylogenetic overview of the Boletineae 76 12 77 13 78 a,1 b,1 c,e d 14 Q10 Mitchell E. NUHN , Manfred BINDER , Andy F. S. TAYLOR , Roy E. HALLING , 79 15 David S. HIBBETTa,* 80 16 81 17 aDept. of Biology, Clark University, 950 Main St., Worcester, MA 01610, USA 82 18 bCBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Evolutionary Phytopathology, Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, 83 19 Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, Netherlands 84 c 85 20 The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen AB15 8QH, Scotland, UK 21 86 dInstitute of Systematic Botany, New York Botanical Garden, 2900 Southern Blvd., Bronx, NY 10458-5126, USA 22 87 eInstitute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Cruickshank Building, St Machar Dr., Aberdeen AB24 3UU, UK 23 88 24 89 25 90 article info abstract 26 91 27 92 28 Article history: The generic and sub-generic relationships in the Boletineae (Boletales) were studied using 93 29 Received 20 February 2013 nuclear large subunit (nuc-lsu), translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1), and DNA di- 94 30 Accepted 23 April 2013 rected RNA polymerase largest subunit (RPB1). The Boletineae, with the exclusion of Hydno- 95 31 Corresponding Editor: merulius pinastri, was strongly supported and the status of the families Boletaceae and 96 32 Martin I. Bidartondo Paxillaceae is discussed. Members of the genus Boletus are found throughout the phylogeny, 97 33 with the majority not closely related to the type species, Boletus edulis. Many of the tradi- 98 34 99 Keywords: tional, morphologically defined genera are not supported as monophyletic and additional 35 100 Boletaceae sampling and taxonomic revisions are needed. The majority of the Boletineae are confirmed 36 101 Boletineae or putatively ectomycorrhizal (ECM), but two putatively mycoparasitic lineages (one line- 37 102 38 Ecology age of Buchwaldoboletus lignicola and Chalciporus piperatus and the second Pseudoboletus para- 103 39 Paxillaceae siticus) are strongly supported. 104 40 Systematics ª 2013 The British Mycological Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. 105 41 Q2 Taxonomic review 106 42 107 43 108 44 109 45 110 46 111 Introduction Hibbett (2006). The generic-level classifications of Smith & 47 112 Thiers (1971) and Singer (1986) along with current genera of 48 113 The suborder Boletineae (originally considered Agaricales)as Boletineae are presented in Table 1. The systems of Smith & 49 114 50 a taxonomic rank was first used by Gilbert (1931), and included Thiers (1971) and Singer (1986) mainly used morphological 115 51 both poroid and gilled species. This was a step forward in bo- characters and chemical staining reactions, e.g. the colours 116 52 lete taxonomy, the first time gilled species were included in produced by placing KOH on the pileipellis, to define genera. 117 53 a concept of a ‘bolete’. Since then, the generic and species con- Singer (1986) also incorporated the results of chemotaxo- 118 54 cepts in the Boletineae have been dominated by those proposed nomic studies, which identified pigments responsible for col- 119 55 by Singer (1986), which follows the inclusion of gilled species ouration and staining reactions. Chemotaxonomic data (Besl 120 56 proposed by Gilbert (1931) and Smith & Thiers (1971). The et al. 1974, 1986; Besl & Bresinsky 1977, 1979, 1997; Steglich 121 57 broad outlines of the ‘modern’ Boletineae, based on multi- et al. 1977; Bresinsky & Besl 1978) were not available at the 122 58 123 locus phylogenetic analyses, were presented by Binder & time of Smith and Thiers’s (1971) work. 59 124 60 125 61 126 62 * Corresponding author. Tel.: þ1 5087937420. 127 63 E-mail address: [email protected] (D. S. Hibbett). 128 64 1 These authors contributed equally to the work. 129 65 1878-6146/$ e see front matter ª 2013 The British Mycological Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. 130 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.funbio.2013.04.008 Please cite this article in press as: Nuhn ME, et al., Phylogenetic overview of the Boletineae, Fungal Biology (2013), http:// dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.funbio.2013.04.008 FUNBIO389_proof ■ 7 June 2013 ■ 2/33 2 M. E. Nuhn et al. 131 196 e 132 Table 1 (continued) 197 133 Boletaceae of Boletineae of Current 198 134 Table 1 e Generic concepts of the Boletineae sensu Smith & Smith & Thiers Singer (1986) 199 135 Thiers, Singer, and Current. (1971) 200 136 201 Boletaceae of Boletineae of Current Incertae sedis 137 202 Smith & Thiers Singer (1986) Hydnomerulius 138 (1971) 203 139 a Species of Boletus sensu Smith & Thiers (1971) are distributed 204 140 Agaricales Agaricales Boletales across four genera of Singer (1986). 205 141 Boletaceae Agaricaceae Boletineae b Currently classified in Sclerotermatineae. 206 142 Boletellus Incertae sedis Boletaceae c Species of Leccinum sensu Singer are distributed across Leccinum 207 a 143 Boletus Notholepiota Afroboletus and Tylopilus (pro parte) by Smith & Thiers (1971). 208 144 Fuscoboletinus Boletineae Aureoboletus d Species of Tylopilus sensu Smith & Thiers (1971) are distributed 209 Gastroboletus Boletaceae Austroboletus across Tylopilus and Porphyrellus sensu Singer (1986). Single Smith 145 b 210 Gyroporus Boletoideae Australopilus and Thiers. 146 c 211 Leccinum Austroboletus Boletellus e Currently classified in Suillineae. 147 f 212 Pulveroboletus Boletellus Boletochaete f No molecular data available. 148 213 Tylopilusc,d Boletochaete Boletus 149 Strobilomyces Boletusa Borofutus 214 150 Suilluse Chalciporusa Bothia 215 151 Paxillaceae Fistulinella Buchwaldoboletus 216 152 Gyrodon Gastroboletus Chalciporus Morphological characters used to delimit genera and spe- 217 153 Phylloporus Leccinumc Chamonixia cies in Boletineae include, but are not limited to: stipe orna- 218 154 Phylloboletellus Fistulinella mentation, pileipellis and stipitipellis structures, pore 219 d 155 Porphyrellus Gastroboletus surface colour, pore depth, pore mouth diameter, staining re- 220 156 Pulveroboletus Gastroleccinumf 221 actions of bruised tissues, and staining reactions of different 157 Tylopilusd Harrya 222 tissues (such as pileus context, stipe context, pileipellis, stip- 158 Veloporphyrellus Heimioporusf 223 a itipellis) to chemicals, typically KOH, 5 % ammonia solution, 159 Xanthoconium Heliogaster 224 160 Gyrodontoideae Hemileccinum and FeSO4. An overview of the presence, absence, and states 225 161 Gyrodon Leccinellum of key morphological characters of the genera of Boletineae is 226 162 Paragyrodon Leccinum presented in Table 2. Chemical analysis of pigment produc- 227 f 163 Meiogranum Mycoamaranthus tion in the boletes has also been used as a taxonomic charac- 228 Strobilomyceloideae Notholepiota 164 ter and allowed the placement of species not previously 229 Strobilomyces Paxillogasterf 165 Chamonixia 230 Xerocomoideae Phylloboletellus thought to be closely related to the boletes, e.g. 166 231 Phylloporus Phyllobolites (Boletineae) and Coniophora (Coniophorineae), and further 167 232 Tubosaeta Phylloporus strengthened the separation of Suillus (Suillineae) from Boletus 168 a 233 Xerocomus Porphyrellus (Steglich et al. 1977; Besl et al. 1986; Besl & Bresinsky 1997). 169 234 Paxillaceae Pseudoboletus Smith & Thiers (1971) placed only poroid fungi in the Bole- 170 235 Paxillus Pulveroboletus taceae and included members of the modern Suillineae and Scle- 171 Retiboletus 236 rodermatineae (Besl & Bresinsky 1997; Jarosch 2001; Binder & 172 Rhodactina 237 173 Rossbeevera Bresinsky 2002a). The modern members of the Boletineae 238 174 Royoungia (Table 1) that are gilled, Paxillus and Phylloporus, were placed 239 175 Rubinoboletus in the Paxillaceae (Smith & Thiers 1971). Singer’s (1986) concept 240 176 Sinoboletusf of the Boletineae is almost identical to the modern Boletales 241 177 Spongiforma (Singer 1986; Binder & Hibbett 2006). The modern Boletineae 242 Strobilomyces 178 members are distributed in the Paxillaceae and Boletaceae in 243 179 Sutorius 244 Singer’s (1986) classification. However, only one genus of 180 Tubosaeta 245 Singer’s Paxillaceae, Paxillus s.str. (not including Tapinella or 181 Tylopilus 246 Austropaxillus [Tapinellineae]), is included in the modern Boleti- 182 Xanthoconium 247 183 Xerocomellus neae (Binder & Hibbett 2006). 248 184 Xerocomus Smith and Thiers were more conservative than Singer 249 Zangia 185 when considering whether differences between morphologi- 250 Paxillaceae 186 cal features warranted a separate genus (Smith & Thiers 251 Alpova 187 252 Austrogasterf 1971; Singer 1986). This led Smith and Thiers to ‘lump’ species 188 253 Gyrodon into larger genera than those recognized by Singer, except for 189 Hoehnelogasterf the genus Leccinum (Smith & Thiers 1971; Singer 1986). Overall, 254 190 Meiorganumf Singer recognized 22 genera (not including families that have 255 191 256 Melanogaster no modern representatives) of Boletineae and Smith and Thiers 192 257 Paragyrodon recognized 12 genera (including genera in the modern Boleti- 193 Paxillus 258 194 neae that Smith and Thiers placed outside the Boletaceae), in- 259 195 cluding Suillus (Table 1). However, Smith and Thiers placed 260 Paragyrodon as a section of Suillus and stated that Gyrodon Please cite this article in press as: Nuhn ME, et al., Phylogenetic overview of the Boletineae, Fungal Biology (2013), http:// dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.funbio.2013.04.008 FUNBIO389_proof ■ 7 June
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Covered in Phylloboletellus and Numerous Clamps in Boletellus Fibuliger
    PERSOONIA Published by the Rijksherbarium, Leiden Volume 11, Part 3, pp. 269-302 (1981) Notes on bolete taxonomy—III Rolf Singer Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, U.S.A. have Contributions involving bolete taxonomy during the last ten years not only widened the knowledge and increased the number of species in the boletes and related lamellate and gastroid forms, but have also introduced a large number of of new data on characters useful for the generic and subgeneric taxonomy these is therefore timely to fungi,resulting, in part, in new taxonomical arrangements. It consider these new data with a view to integratingthem into an amended classifi- cation which, ifit pretends to be natural must take into account all observations of possible diagnostic value. It must also take into account all sufficiently described species from all phytogeographic regions. 1. Clamp connections Like any other character (including the spore print color), the presence or absence ofclamp connections in is neither in of the carpophores here nor other groups Basidiomycetes necessarily a generic or family character. This situation became very clear when occasional clamps were discovered in Phylloboletellus and numerous clamps in Boletellus fibuliger. Kiihner (1978-1980) rightly postulates that cytology and sexuality should be considered wherever at all possible. This, as he is well aware, is not feasible in most boletes, and we must be content to judgeclamp-occurrence per se, giving it importance wherever associated with other characters and within a well circumscribed and obviously homogeneous group such as Phlebopus, Paragyrodon, and Gyrodon. (Heinemann (1954) and Pegler & Young this is (1981) treat group on the family level.) Gyroporus, also clamp-bearing, considered close, but somewhat more removed than the other genera.
    [Show full text]
  • <I>Phylloporus
    VOLUME 2 DECEMBER 2018 Fungal Systematics and Evolution PAGES 341–359 doi.org/10.3114/fuse.2018.02.10 Phylloporus and Phylloboletellus are no longer alone: Phylloporopsis gen. nov. (Boletaceae), a new smooth-spored lamellate genus to accommodate the American species Phylloporus boletinoides A. Farid1*§, M. Gelardi2*, C. Angelini3,4, A.R. Franck5, F. Costanzo2, L. Kaminsky6, E. Ercole7, T.J. Baroni8, A.L. White1, J.R. Garey1, M.E. Smith6, A. Vizzini7§ 1Herbarium, Department of Cell Biology, Micriobiology and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, USA 2Via Angelo Custode 4A, I-00061 Anguillara Sabazia, RM, Italy 3Via Cappuccini 78/8, I-33170 Pordenone, Italy 4National Botanical Garden of Santo Domingo, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic 5Wertheim Conservatory, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, 33199, USA 6Department of Plant pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA 7Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Viale P.A. Mattioli 25, I-10125 Torino, Italy 8Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York – College at Cortland, Cortland, NY 1304, USA *Authors contributed equally to this manuscript §Corresponding authors: [email protected], [email protected] Key words: Abstract: The monotypic genus Phylloporopsis is described as new to science based on Phylloporus boletinoides. This Boletales species occurs widely in eastern North America and Central America. It is reported for the first time from a neotropical lamellate boletes montane pine woodland in the Dominican Republic. The confirmation of this newly recognised monophyletic genus is molecular phylogeny supported and molecularly confirmed by phylogenetic inference based on multiple loci (ITS, 28S, TEF1-α, and RPB1).
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogenetic Overview of Aureoboletus (Boletaceae, Boletales), with Descriptions of Six New Species from China
    A peer-reviewed open-access journal MycoKeys 61: 111–145 (2019) The Aureoboletus in China 111 doi: 10.3897/mycokeys.61.47520 REVIEW ARTICLE MycoKeys http://mycokeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research Phylogenetic overview of Aureoboletus (Boletaceae, Boletales), with descriptions of six new species from China Ming Zhang1, Tai-Hui Li1, Chao-Qun Wang1, Nian-Kai Zeng2, Wang-Qiu Deng1 1 State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China 2 Department of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571101, China Corresponding author: Tai-Hui Li ([email protected]) Academic editor: M. P. Martín | Received 23 October 2019 | Accepted 29 November 2019 | Published 17 December 2019 Citation: Zhang M, Li T-H, Wang C-Q, Zeng N-K, Deng W-Q (2019)Phylogenetic overview of Aureoboletus (Boletaceae, Boletales), with descriptions of six new species from China. MycoKeys 61: 111–145. https://doi. org/10.3897/mycokeys.61.47520 Abstract In this study, species relationships of the genus Aureoboletus were studied, based on both morphological characteristics and a four-gene (nrLSU, tef1-a, rpb1 and rpb2) phylogenetic inference. Thirty-five species of the genus have been revealed worldwide, forming eight major clades in the phylogenetic tree, of which twenty-four species have been found in China, including six new species: A. glutinosus, A. griseorufescens, A. raphanaceus, A. sinobadius, A. solus, A. velutipes and a new combination A. miniatoaurantiacus (Bi & Loh) Ming Zhang, N.K. Zeng & T.H. Li proposed here.
    [Show full text]
  • How Many Fungi Make Sclerotia?
    fungal ecology xxx (2014) 1e10 available at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/funeco Short Communication How many fungi make sclerotia? Matthew E. SMITHa,*, Terry W. HENKELb, Jeffrey A. ROLLINSa aUniversity of Florida, Department of Plant Pathology, Gainesville, FL 32611-0680, USA bHumboldt State University of Florida, Department of Biological Sciences, Arcata, CA 95521, USA article info abstract Article history: Most fungi produce some type of durable microscopic structure such as a spore that is Received 25 April 2014 important for dispersal and/or survival under adverse conditions, but many species also Revision received 23 July 2014 produce dense aggregations of tissue called sclerotia. These structures help fungi to survive Accepted 28 July 2014 challenging conditions such as freezing, desiccation, microbial attack, or the absence of a Available online - host. During studies of hypogeous fungi we encountered morphologically distinct sclerotia Corresponding editor: in nature that were not linked with a known fungus. These observations suggested that Dr. Jean Lodge many unrelated fungi with diverse trophic modes may form sclerotia, but that these structures have been overlooked. To identify the phylogenetic affiliations and trophic Keywords: modes of sclerotium-forming fungi, we conducted a literature review and sequenced DNA Chemical defense from fresh sclerotium collections. We found that sclerotium-forming fungi are ecologically Ectomycorrhizal diverse and phylogenetically dispersed among 85 genera in 20 orders of Dikarya, suggesting Plant pathogens that the ability to form sclerotia probably evolved 14 different times in fungi. Saprotrophic ª 2014 Elsevier Ltd and The British Mycological Society. All rights reserved. Sclerotium Fungi are among the most diverse lineages of eukaryotes with features such as a hyphal thallus, non-flagellated cells, and an estimated 5.1 million species (Blackwell, 2011).
    [Show full text]
  • Fungal Planet Description Sheets: 716–784 By: P.W
    Fungal Planet description sheets: 716–784 By: P.W. Crous, M.J. Wingfield, T.I. Burgess, G.E.St.J. Hardy, J. Gené, J. Guarro, I.G. Baseia, D. García, L.F.P. Gusmão, C.M. Souza-Motta, R. Thangavel, S. Adamčík, A. Barili, C.W. Barnes, J.D.P. Bezerra, J.J. Bordallo, J.F. Cano-Lira, R.J.V. de Oliveira, E. Ercole, V. Hubka, I. Iturrieta-González, A. Kubátová, M.P. Martín, P.-A. Moreau, A. Morte, M.E. Ordoñez, A. Rodríguez, A.M. Stchigel, A. Vizzini, J. Abdollahzadeh, V.P. Abreu, K. Adamčíková, G.M.R. Albuquerque, A.V. Alexandrova, E. Álvarez Duarte, C. Armstrong-Cho, S. Banniza, R.N. Barbosa, J.-M. Bellanger, J.L. Bezerra, T.S. Cabral, M. Caboň, E. Caicedo, T. Cantillo, A.J. Carnegie, L.T. Carmo, R.F. Castañeda-Ruiz, C.R. Clement, A. Čmoková, L.B. Conceição, R.H.S.F. Cruz, U. Damm, B.D.B. da Silva, G.A. da Silva, R.M.F. da Silva, A.L.C.M. de A. Santiago, L.F. de Oliveira, C.A.F. de Souza, F. Déniel, B. Dima, G. Dong, J. Edwards, C.R. Félix, J. Fournier, T.B. Gibertoni, K. Hosaka, T. Iturriaga, M. Jadan, J.-L. Jany, Ž. Jurjević, M. Kolařík, I. Kušan, M.F. Landell, T.R. Leite Cordeiro, D.X. Lima, M. Loizides, S. Luo, A.R. Machado, H. Madrid, O.M.C. Magalhães, P. Marinho, N. Matočec, A. Mešić, A.N. Miller, O.V. Morozova, R.P. Neves, K. Nonaka, A. Nováková, N.H.
    [Show full text]
  • Heimioporus (Boletineae) in Australia
    Australasian Mycologist (2011) 29 Heimioporus (Boletineae) in Australia Roy E. Halling1,3 and Nigel A. Fechner2 1Institute of Systematic Botany, The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York 10458, United States of America. 2Queensland Herbarium, Brisbane Botanic Garden, Mt Coot-tha Road, Toowong, Brisbane, Queensland 4066, Australia. 3Author for correspondence. Email: [email protected]. Abstract Two species of Heimioporus are fully documented, described and illustrated from recent collections gathered in Queensland. While H. fruticicola is known only from Australia so far, the specimens of H. japonicusMYVT-YHZLY0ZSHUKHUK*VVSVVSHYLWYLZLU[HUL^YLWVY[HUKZPNUPÄJHU[YHUNLL_[LUZPVUMVY this bolete. Key words: Boletes, mycorrhizae, Australia, biogeography. Introduction Materials and Methods Heimioporus^HZWYVWVZLKI`/VYHRHZHUL^ General colour terms are approximations, and the colour name to replace the bolete genus Heimiella Boedijn non codes (e.g., 7D8) are page, column, and row designations 3VOTHUU (ZTHU`HZZWLJPLZ^LYLPUJS\KLK from Kornerup & Wanscher (1983). All microscopic observations were made with an Olympus BHS compound I` /VYHR I\[ HZ LU]PZHNLK OLYL [OL NLU\Z microscope equipped with Nomarski differential interference circumscribes 10 species. These have olive-brown contrast (DIC) optics, and measurements were from dried spores which are alveolate-reticulate to reticulate or with TH[LYPHSYL]P]LKPU 26/;OLHIIYL]PH[PVU8YLMLYZ[V[OL pit-like perforations, extremely rarely rugulose and then mean length/width ratio measured from n basidiospores, and with crater–like pits; they are elongate-ellipsoid to short x refers to the mean length × mean width. Scanning electron LSSPWZVPK HUK SHJR H Z\WYHOPSHY WSHNL )VLKPQU micrographs of the spores were captured digitally from a included only the type species of his genus (Boletus Hitachi S-2700 scanning electron microscope operating at retisporus Pat.
    [Show full text]
  • Aureoboletus Moravicus Aureoboletus
    © Francisco Sánchez Iglesias [email protected] Condiciones de uso Aureoboletus moravicus (Vacek) Klofac, Öst. Z. Pilzk. 19: 142 (2010) Boletaceae, Boletales, Agaricomycetidae, Agaricomycetes, Agaricomycotina, Basidiomycota, Fungi =?Xerocomus tumidus Fr. Hymenomyc. Eur.:51 (1874) ≡ Boletus moravicus Vacek, Stud. Bot. Čechoslav.: 36 (1946) ≡ Xerocomus moravicus (Vacek) Herink, Česká Mykol. 18: 193 (1964) = Boletus leonis D.A. Reid, Fungorum Rariorum Icones Coloratae 1: 7 (1966) = Xerocomus leonis (D.A. Reid) Alessio, Boletus Dill. ex L. (Saronno): 314 (1985) Material estudiado: Huelva, Galaroza, Navahermosa, El Talenque, Parque Natural Sierra de Aracena y Picos de Aroche, 29SQC0300, 665 m, en bosque mixto de Pinus pinea, Quercus suber y Castanea sativa, sotobosque con Pteridium aquilinum y Cistus laurifolius, 27-09- 2014, leg. Francisco Sánchez Iglesias, JA-CUSSTA 8060. Descripción macroscópica: Píleo de 60-90 mm, hemiesférico, después convexo. Cutícula lisa, seca, finamente velutinosa, no separable, cuarteada en pe- queñas placas poligonales a partir de la zona central, color pardo rojizo-anaranjado. Himenio formado por tubos amarillos me- dianamente largos, hasta de 10 mm, que se abren en poros pequeños, apretados, suavemente angulosos, del mismo color que los tubos, sin cambio de color a la presión, pardeando un poco al madurar. Estípite cilíndrico, fusiforme, de 60-120 x 10-28 mm, engrosado en zona media, afinándose hacia el extremo, de color ocre amarillento, surcado de suaves costillas fibrillosas longitu- dinales más oscuras, más evidentes en la zona media. Micelio basal amarillento. Carne compacta, dulce, blanquecino amarillen- to, algo rosado bajo la cutícula, anaranjado bajo los tubos y amarillo más intenso en la base del pie. Esporada pardo amarillento.
    [Show full text]
  • Arbuscular Mycorrhizas and Ectomycorrhizas of Uapaca Bojeri L
    Mycorrhiza (2007) 17:195–208 DOI 10.1007/s00572-006-0095-0 ORIGINAL PAPER Arbuscular mycorrhizas and ectomycorrhizas of Uapaca bojeri L. (Euphorbiaceae): sporophore diversity, patterns of root colonization, and effects on seedling growth and soil microbial catabolic diversity Naina Ramanankierana & Marc Ducousso & Nirina Rakotoarimanga & Yves Prin & Jean Thioulouse & Emile Randrianjohany & Luciano Ramaroson & Marija Kisa & Antoine Galiana & Robin Duponnois Received: 2 October 2006 /Accepted: 30 November 2006 / Published online: 13 January 2007 # Springer-Verlag 2007 Abstract The main objectives of this study were (1) to sites. They were identified as belonging to the ectomycor- describe the diversity of mycorrhizal fungal communities rhizal genera Afroboletus, Amanita, Boletus, Cantharellus, associated with Uapaca bojeri, an endemic Euphorbiaceae of Lactarius, Leccinum, Rubinoboletus, Scleroderma, Tricho- Madagascar, and (2) to determine the potential benefits of loma, and Xerocomus. Russula was the most frequent inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi [ectomycorrhizal and/or ectomycorrhizal genus recorded under U. bojeri.AM arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi] on the growth of this structures (vesicles and hyphae) were detected from the tree species and on the functional diversity of soil microflora. roots in all surveyed sites. In addition, this study showed that Ninety-four sporophores were collected from three survey this tree species is highly dependent on both types of : : : mycorrhiza, and controlled ectomycorrhization of this N. Ramanankierana N. Rakotoarimanga E. Randrianjohany Uapaca species strongly influences soil microbial catabolic L. Ramaroson diversity. These results showed that the complex symbiotic Laboratoire de Microbiologie de l’Environnement, Centre National de Recherches sur l’Environnement, status of U. bojeri could be managed to optimize its P.O.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 2 Literature Review
    CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1. BASIDIOMYCOTA (MACROFUNGI) Representatives of the fungi sensu stricto include four phyla: Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Chytridiomycota and Zygomycota (McLaughlin et al., 2001; Seifert and Gams, 2001). Chytridiomycota and Zygomycota are described as lower fungi. They are characterized by vegetative mycelium with no septa, complete septa are only found in reproductive structures. Asexual and sexual reproductions are by sporangia and zygospore formation respectively. Ascomycota and Basidiomycota are higher fungi and have a more complex mycelium with elaborate, perforate septa. Members of Ascomycota produce sexual ascospores in sac-shaped cells (asci) while fungi in Basidiomycota produce sexual basidiospores on club-shaped basidia in complex fruit bodies. Anamorphic fungi are anamorphs of Ascomycota and Basidiomycota and usually produce asexual conidia (Nicklin et al., 1999; Kirk et al., 2001). The Basidiomycota contains about 30,000 described species, which is 37% of the described species of true Fungi (Kirk et al., 2001). They have a huge impact on human affairs and ecosystem functioning. Many Basidiomycota obtain nutrition by decaying dead organic matter, including wood and leaf litter. Thus, Basidiomycota play a significant role in the carbon cycle. Unfortunately, Basidiomycota frequently 5 attack the wood in buildings and other structures, which has negative economic consequences for humans. 2.1.1 LIFE CYCLE OF MUSHROOM (BASIDIOMYCOTA) The life cycle of mushroom (Figure 2.1) is beginning at the site of meiosis. The basidium is the cell in which karyogamy (nuclear fusion) and meiosis occur, and on which haploid basidiospores are formed (basidia are not produced by asexual Basidiomycota). Mushroom produce basidia on multicellular fruiting bodies.
    [Show full text]
  • A New Violet Brown Aureoboletus (Boletaceae) from Guangdong of China
    mycoscience 56 (2015) 481e485 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/myc Short communication A new violet brown Aureoboletus (Boletaceae) from Guangdong of China * Ming Zhang a,b, Tai-Hui Li a,b, , Jiang Xu a,b, Bin Song b a School of Bioscience & Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China b State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology (Southern China), Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou 510070, China article info abstract Article history: Aureoboletus marroninus sp. nov. is described, illustrated and compared with phenetically Received 6 June 2014 similar and phylogenetically related species. Morphologically, it is characterized by its Received in revised form small basidioma with a pileus of 13e22 mm broad, reddish brown to brownish violet or 11 February 2015 violet brown, glutinous and wrinkled pileus fringed with gelatinized veil remnants at the Accepted 12 February 2015 margin, and basidiospores of (8e)8.5e10 Â 4e4.5(e5) mm in size. Phylogenetic analysis of Available online 18 March 2015 the new species and related taxa based on large subunit of nuclear ribosomal RNA gene (LSU) sequences is provided. Morphological and molecular data show that the new species Keywords: should be placed in genus Aureoboletus, and it is clearly different from any known taxon. Basidiomycota © 2015 The Mycological Society of Japan. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Boletales Taxonomy The genus Aureoboletus was circumscribed by Pouzar (1957) collection is actually a species of Boletus (Zang et al. 1993; with A. gentilis (Quel.) Pouzar as the type species, renowned Klofac 2010); and the species A.
    [Show full text]
  • Toxic Fungi of Western North America
    Toxic Fungi of Western North America by Thomas J. Duffy, MD Published by MykoWeb (www.mykoweb.com) March, 2008 (Web) August, 2008 (PDF) 2 Toxic Fungi of Western North America Copyright © 2008 by Thomas J. Duffy & Michael G. Wood Toxic Fungi of Western North America 3 Contents Introductory Material ........................................................................................... 7 Dedication ............................................................................................................... 7 Preface .................................................................................................................... 7 Acknowledgements ................................................................................................. 7 An Introduction to Mushrooms & Mushroom Poisoning .............................. 9 Introduction and collection of specimens .............................................................. 9 General overview of mushroom poisonings ......................................................... 10 Ecology and general anatomy of fungi ................................................................ 11 Description and habitat of Amanita phalloides and Amanita ocreata .............. 14 History of Amanita ocreata and Amanita phalloides in the West ..................... 18 The classical history of Amanita phalloides and related species ....................... 20 Mushroom poisoning case registry ...................................................................... 21 “Look-Alike” mushrooms .....................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Xerocomus S. L. in the Light of the Present State of Knowledge
    CZECH MYCOL. 60(1): 29–62, 2008 Xerocomus s. l. in the light of the present state of knowledge JOSEF ŠUTARA Prosetická 239, 415 01 Teplice, Czech Republic [email protected] Šutara J. (2008): Xerocomus s. l. in the light of the present state of knowledge. – Czech Mycol. 60(1): 29–62. The definition of the generic limits of Xerocomus s. l. and particularly the delimitation of this genus from Boletus is very unclear and controversial. During his study of European species of the Boletaceae, the author has come to the conclusion that Xerocomus in a wide concept is a heterogeneous mixture of several groups of species. These groups are separated from each other by different anatomical and some other characters. Also recent molecular studies show that Xerocomus s. l. is not a monophyletic group. In agreement with these facts, the European species of Xerocomus s. l. whose anatomy was studied by the present author are here classified into the following, more distinctly delimited genera: Xerocomus s. str., Phylloporus, Xerocomellus gen. nov., Hemileccinum gen. nov. and Pseudoboletus. Boletus badius and Boletus moravicus, also often treated as species of Xerocomus, are retained for the present in the genus Boletus. The differences between Xerocomus s. str., Phylloporus, Xerocomellus, Hemileccinum, Pseudoboletus and Boletus (which is related to this group of genera) are discussed in detail. Two new genera, Xerocomellus and Hemileccinum, and necessary new combinations of species names are proposed. Key words: Boletaceae, Xerocomus, Xerocomellus, Hemileccinum, generic taxonomy, anatomy, histology. Šutara J. (2008): Rod Xerocomus s. l. ve světle současného stavu znalostí. – Czech Mycol.
    [Show full text]