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Glimpses of Iqbal

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Glimpses of Iqbal GLIMPSES OF IQBAL SYED ABDUL VAHID IQBAL ACADEMY PAKISTAN All Rights Reserved Publisher: Muhammad Suheyl Umar Director Iqbal Academy Pakistan 6th Floor, Aiwan-i-Iqbal Complex, Off Egerton Road, Lahore. Tel:[+ 92-423] 6314-510, 9203573 Fax:[+ 92-423] 631-4496 Email:director@ iap.gov.pk Website:www.allmaiqbal.com ————— Sales Point:116 McLeod Road, Lahore. Ph. 7357214 To: WASAY AND HIS CHILDREN WITH LOVE AND AFFECTION Iqbal and His Poetry 5 CONTENTS Foreword ......................................................................................... 7 1. Iqbal and His Poetry ............................................................... 9 2. Iqbal and Italy ........................................................................ 29 3. Iqbal: A Bridge between East and West ............................ 39 4. Iqbal in Politics ...................................................................... 53 5. Iqbal the Poet of Pakistan .................................................... 67 6. Iqbal and Western Thought ................................................. 87 7. Development of Iqbal’s Genius .......................................... 93 8. Iqbal as Lyric Poet ............................................................. 107 9. Iqbal as a Teacher .............................................................. 115 10. On Translating Iqbal.......................................................... 125 11. Iqbal and Pakistan .............................................................. 153 12. Iqbal and His Critics .......................................................... 159 13. Iqbal and Afghanistan ....................................................... 177 14. Iqbal— The Architect of Pakistan .................................... 185 15. Iqbal— A Survey of His Work ......................................... 223 16. Iqbal the Spiritual Father of Pakistan .............................. 235 17. Iqbal— A Humanist ........................................................... 247 18. Date of Iqbal’s Birth .......................................................... 253 19. A.J. Arberry, a Great Student of Iqbal ........................... 267 20. L. Massignon’s Preface to the French Translation of Iqbal’s Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam .................... 283 Index ........................................................................................... 291 Bibliography ............................................................................... 303 FOREWORD These essays were written at odd moments over the last few years. As they often touch the same subject, there is some time repetition but continuity of the topic is not disturbed in any case. These essays serve to throw light on the versatile genius of Iqbal and as such add to our knowledge of that omni-competent genius. Most of these essays are being published for the first time but some have already been published. S. A. Vahid 9th Nov., 1974 (Allama’s Birthday ) 1 IQBAL AND HIS POETRY According to Iqbal the true aim of poetry, as of all arts, is to make human life rich and beautiful, and poetry that fails to do this has failed in its great mission. If art does not contribute to the fullness and exuberance of life and fails to provide guidance for humanity in the various problems that baffle it, that art it is meaningless. To Iqbal art represents man’s attempt to grasp the realities of life, and for him great artists cannot be conceived to have girded themselves to their great efforts merely to provide intellectual toys for human entertainment. According to Iqbal the keynote of all art must be a desire to impress upon mankind those great truths which alone can bring about the amelioration of human race. The main object of his poetic art is to come to the help of his readers in the struggle of life, and to achieve this he sings of life. Describing art Iqbal says: اےالہ رظن ذوق رظن وخب ےہ نکیل وجےشیکتقیقح وک ہن دےھکی وہ رظن ایک وصقمدرنہ وسز ایحت ادبی ےہ ہی ا کی سفن کیا دو سفن لثم رشر ایک ےبزجعمہداین ںیم ارھبیت ںیہن وقںیم ت وج رضب یمیلک ںیہن رھکا وہ رنہ ایک1 O man of vision, the desire to see into things is welcome, 1 Kulliyat-e-Iqbal (Urdu), Iqbal Academy Pakistan, 2006, p.130. 10 Glimpses of Iqbal But what is that vision which fails to grasp the reality of things. The object of all art is to attain warmth of life immortal, What good is existence for a breath or two like a spark. Without a miracle nations cannot rise, What is art without the striking power of Moses’ staff! Iqbal has no patience with people who talk of ‘Art for Art’s sake.’ According to him art must be for life. Heaven had made him a great artist, but he was not a mere decorative artist. The aim of his art was while pleasing to provide succour and guidance to afflicted humanity in its onward march. He utilised his great art to utter those truths which alone can bring salvation to mankind, and therein lies the true significance of Iqbal’s art for humanity. And it is this feature which tends to make the appeal of his art universal. For Iqbal the two powerful impulses to artistic creation are his faith in human capacity for limitless development, and man’s unique position in the universe; both these impulses serve to impart an unparalleled charm to his poetry. But this is not all. In addition to these there is the vast range of his poetry to fascinate his readers. In the first instance he has left us poetry in two languages, and was actually planning to write a prose- poem in a third language when death snatched him away. Then there is no kind of poetry, except the dramatic, that he did not write in Urdu and Persian. He wrote lyric, philosophic, epic, metaphysical, descriptive, and satiric poetry. In each kind of poetry his work will stand comparison with that of the world’s greatest poets. This vast range of poetry needs wide and varied sensibility not met with even in the greatest poets of the world. It is unnecessary to emphasise the difficulties which beset one trying to survey the poetry of such a versatile super-craftsman. It is not intended in this brief survey to attempt a critical study of Iqbal’s poetry. All that will be aimed is an enumeration of the main characteristics of the important kinds of poetry written by him. Iqbal and His Poetry 11 Iqbal started his poetical career by writing lyrical poetry in the form of ghazals and today his lyrics are perhaps better known than any other kind of poetry, written by him. Lyric poetry is poetry in its highest, intensest, and purest form, as in it the poet sings of emotions which constitute the very life— of love, fear, joy, anger. hope, and devotion. Owing to the elementary human emotions with which it deals, the appeal of lyric poetry is universal. Other kinds of poetry may be more difficult to produce, and may represent a combination of more niceties of poetic art, but no other poetry contains so much of the true poetic ‘ore’. The magical cadence and musical ecstasy of Iqbal’s ghazals made them universally popular. He turns our simple experiences of life into passionate experiences, and communicates these with such vivid and moving imagery that it cannot fail to strike a sympathetic response. In his songs even the abstruse notions of philosophy and religion are set free from their academic isolation and become a part of the common life of man. This could be accomplished only by a great artist. By formulating a life of ceaseless striving and discountenancing all views of life which advocated renunciation and self-annihilation Iqbal has actually widened the scope of lyric poetry so far as Urdu and Persian languages are concerned. If man is not to don ascetic’s sack-cloth, but is to live an active life with his fellow- men, there will be many more occasions for the play of his emotions— joy over success, grief over disappointments, exultation in effort. Life, according to Iqbal is nothing but a progressive succession of fresh ends, purposes, and values. This in itself ensures an unending succession of those thrills of souls, those rapturous glows of feeling, which provide the very substance which makes the finest lyrical poetry. Two things are essential for a perfect lyric— original emotion of great intensity and depth, and corresponding mastery over language to give it a fitting utterance. Iqbal’s emotions were of great intensity, and he had a keen ear for melody and harmony and instinctively selected those words 12 Glimpses of Iqbal and notes which served to enhance the rhythm of his language. In order to illustrate this we have only to refer to one of his ghazals: ت شک ت وصرت ہن رپمتس نم، اختبہن س م نم ت گس ت آں لیس کبس ریسم، ہر دنب س م نم ت دروبد و وبند نم ادنہشی د امگاہن دا ت ہ ست از قشع وہ کیدا دش، اںی ہتکن ہک م نم در د کیر اینز نم، درہبعک امنز نم 1 زیار دبومش نم، حیبستدبمتس نم Not inclined to worship the form, I broke the idol-house; I am that rushing torrent which sweeps aside all obstacles. About my being or not-being, intellect had doubts; Love revealed the secret that I am. In a temple I offer my homage, in the Ka’ba I offer my prayers, Round my shoulder I have the sacred thread and in my hand is the rosary. There are two main characteristics of Iqbal’s lyrics. The first is his healthy mysticism which enabled him to portray healthy sentiments which will interest healthy minds in all ages and in all climes. The other characteristic of Iqbal’s lyric poetry is his conception of Beauty and Love. While Iqbal saw Beauty in everything except the really ignoble and ugly, the Beauty which appealed to him most was the Beauty of Power and Perfection. Beauty is a mental experience and not a quality of things, and different types of Beauty appeal to different people. Iqbal sees Beauty in everything that is Powerful and Perfect. This new conception of Beauty has imparted to his lyric poetry that robust vitality and manliness which is singularly lacking in most of the Oriental lyric 1 Kulliyat-e-Iqbal (Farsi), Sheikh Ghulam Ali & Sons, p.322. Iqbal and His Poetry 13 poetry. His lyrics possess that vitalising spark and that invigorating touch which is singularly absent in other oriental poets.
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