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Kemunculan Gerakan “#Iwillgoout” Dalam Melawan

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Kemunculan Gerakan “#Iwillgoout” Dalam Melawan KEMUNCULAN GERAKAN “#IWILLGOOUT” DALAM MELAWAN PELECEHAN SEKSUAL DI RUANG PUBLIK DI INDIA Disusun dan Diajukan untuk Memenuhi Salah Satu Syarat Memperoleh Gelar Sarjana Ilmu Sosial (S.Sos) Strata-1 Oleh: Fahimatul Ilmiyah 201610360311038 PROGRAM STUDI HUBUNGAN INTERNASIONAL FAKULTAS ILMU SOSIAL DAN ILMU POLITIK UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG 2020 ii iii iv v vi vii KATA PENGANTAR Assalamu‟alaikum warahmatullahi wabarakatatuh Puji sukur kehadirat Allah SWT karena berkat rahmat dan kemudahan- Nya penulis dapat menyelesaikan skripsi yang berjudul, Gerakan “#IwillGoOut dalam Menangani Pelecehan Seksual di Ruang Publik di India. Penulis menyadari bahwa masih terdapat banyak kekurangan dalam skripsi ini, namun penulis memiliki besar harapan agar penelitian ini bermanfaat untuk semua pihak. Atas terselesaikannya skripisi ini, penulis mengucapkan terima kasih atas bantuan dan dukungan: 1. Allah SWT yang terlah meridhai dan memudahkan penyelesaian skripsi ini. 2. Bapak Abdullah dan Ibu Khoiriyah selaku kedua orang tua penulis, keluarga besar, yang selalu mengiringi langkah penulis dengan penuh kasih sayang, bimbingan, kesabaran, dan doa yang tidak pernah berhenti serta dukungan finansial yang selalu didapat untuk mencukupi kebutuhan perjalanan akademik penulis di Malang. Teruntuk kakak-kakakku yang telah mendoakan dan menemani keluh kesah penulis, dan juga untuk adik-adikku yang selalu memberikan support dan hiburan dalam menemani perjalanan penulis selama proses perkuliahan. 3. Keluarga besar H. Kasuwan yang selalu memberikan dukungan dan mengajarkan arti kehidupan bagi penulis. 4. Bapak Najamuddin Khairur Rijal, M.Hub.Int selaku dosen pembimbing I dan juga Bapak Ruli Inayah Ramadhoan, M.Si selaku dosen pembimbing II yang telah sabar, tlaten dan banyak memberikan bimbingan serta arahan yang sangat berharga dalam proses penyusunan skripsi ini sehingga dapat diselesaikan. 5. Bapak Syaprin Zahidi, MA. Selaku Kepala Program Studi dan Terima kasih kepada seluruh Ibu dan Bapak Dosen yang telah memberikan ilmu dan mendidik penulis selama berkuliah di Prodi HI UMM. viii 6. Teman-teman saya yang telah menemani selama mengerjakan skripsi ini; Wirda, Eva, Winda, Endar, Yaumil, Eka, Afiasari, dan teman lain yang tidak bisa saya sebutkan namanya disini. 7. Teruntuk teman-teman kelas HI-A dan angkatan HI-2016 yang selalu berjuang bersama, semoga selalu dilancarkan dalam kesuksesannya. 8. Sahabat-sahabat saya, Fetty, Erika, Fransiska yang telah setia dan sabar menemani penulis selama masa perkuliahan. Semoga persahabatan kita sampai anak cucu kita. 9. Dan terima kasih juga kepada semua pihak yang telah bersedia membantu kelancaran penulis dalam masa perkulihan dari awal hingga akhir. Penulis menyadari bahwa skripsi ini masih banyak kekurangan, baik isi maupun susunannya. Semoga skripsi ini dapat memberikan manfaat tidak hanya bagi penulis juga bagi para pembaca. Malang, November 2020 Penulis, Fahimatul Ilmiyah ix MOTTO “Hasbunallah Wanikmal Wakil, Nikmal Maula Wanikman Nasir” x DAFTAR ISI HALAMAN JUDUL................................................................................................i HALAMAN PENGESAHAN.................................................................................ii BERITA ACARA BIMBINGAN SKRIPSI...........................................................iv PERNYATAAN ORISINALITAS..........................................................................v ABSTRAK..............................................................................................................vi ABSTRACT...........................................................................................................vii KATA PENGANTAR..........................................................................................viii DAFTAR ISI...........................................................................................................xi DAFTAR TABEL..................................................................................................xv DAFTAR GAMBAR............................................................................................xvi DAFTAR GRAFIK.............................................................................................xviii DAFTAR SINGKATAN......................................................................................xix BAB I.......................................................................................................................1 PENDAHULUAN...................................................................................................1 1.1. Latar Belakang.........................................................................................1 1.2. Rumusan Masalah....................................................................................6 1.3. Tujuan Penelittian dan Manfaat Penelitian..............................................6 1.3.1. Tujuan Penelitian..................................................................................6 1.3.2. Manfaat Penelitian................................................................................6 1.3.2.1. Manfaat Akademis.............................................................................6 1.3.2.2. Manfaat Praktis..................................................................................7 1.4. Penelitian Terdahulu................................................................................7 1.5. Landasan Teori......................................................................................18 1.5.1. Gerakan Sosial Baru...........................................................................18 1.5.2. Tindakan Kolektif- Neil J Smelser.....................................................20 1.6. Metode Penelitian..................................................................................26 1.6.1. Variabel Penelitian..............................................................................26 1.6.2. Jenis Penelitian...................................................................................27 1.6.3. Teknik Analisa Data...........................................................................27 1.6.4. Teknik Pengumpulan Data.................................................................28 1.6.5. Ruang Lingkup Penelitian..................................................................28 1.6.5.1. Batasan Materi.................................................................................28 1.6.5.2. Batasan Waktu.................................................................................28 1.7. Hipotesa Penelitian................................................................................28 1.8. Sistematika Penulisan............................................................................29 BAB II....................................................................................................................31 PELECEHAN SEKSUAL DI INDIA....................................................................31 2.1. Diskriminasi Terhadap Perempuan di India..........................................31 2.1.1. Bentuk Diskriminasi Terhadap Perempuan di India..........................38 2.1.2. Data Kasus Pelecehan Dan Kekerasan Seksual di India....................45 2.2. Gerakan Feminis Sebelum Gerakan #Iwillgoout Muncul.....................51 2.2.1. Gerakan SlutWalk...............................................................................53 xi 2.2.2. Gerakan Nirbhaya...............................................................................55 2.2.3. Gerakan #MeToo Mvement................................................................57 2.3. Gerakan #IWillGoOut............................................................................59 2.3.1. Awal Mula Gerakan #IWillGoOut.....................................................59 2.3.1.1. Kronologi Insiden Bangalore...........................................................59 2.3.1.2. Aktor, Organisasi dan Komunitas Gerakan I Will Go Out.............67 2.3.2. Tuntutan dan Perjuangan Gerakan #IwillGoOut................................69 2.3.2.1. Tuntutan #IwillGoOut....................................................................69 2.3.2.2. Taktik Pengorganisasian..................................................................70 2.3.2.3. Penggunaan Bahasa.........................................................................72 2.3.2.4. Aksi Gerakan...................................................................................73 2.3.3. Dukungan Publik Terhadap Gerakan #IwillGout..............................76 2.3.3.1. Dukuungan Politik dan Administrasi dari Pemerintah...................76 2.3.3.2. Visibility Gerakan............................................................................77 2.4. Peran Hashtag........................................................................................78 BAB III...................................................................................................................80 ANALISIS MUNCULNYYA GERAKAN I WILL GO OUT..............................80 3.1. Kondusivitas Struktural (Structural Conducivenees)............................81 3.2. Ketegangan Struktural (Structural Strain).............................................84 3.3. Faktor Pemercepat (Precipitiating)........................................................87 3.4. Tumbuh dan Menyebarnya Kepercayaan Umum (Growth and Spread of a Generalized Belief) ...............................................................................90 3.5. Mobilisasi Partisipan.............................................................................92
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