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IAWA Bulletin Ns, Vol. 5 (4),1984 317 the SYSTEMATIC WOOD ANATOMY of the MORACEAE

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IAWA Bulletin Ns, Vol. 5 (4),1984 317 the SYSTEMATIC WOOD ANATOMY of the MORACEAE IAWA Bulletin n.s., Vol. 5 (4),1984 317 THE SYSTEMATIC WOOD ANATOMY OF THE MORACEAE (URTICALES) 11. TRIBE DORSTENIEAE 1 by I. Koek-Noonnan, S.M.C. Topper and B.I.H. ter Welle Institute of Systematic Botany, University of Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 2, 3508 TC Utrecht, The Netherlands Summary The wood anatomy of the tribe Dorstenieae in some genera and in some features, connec­ sensu Berg is described. Similarities and differ­ tions with the 'dump-like' tribe Moreae (Berg, ences are discussed in relation to his concepts 1977). The tribe consists of eight genera. In of the taxonomy of the tribe. Wood anatomi­ our study the Neotropica1 genera Brosimum, cally the tribe Dorstenieae is fairly homogene­ Helianthostylis and Trymatococcus and the ous, Dorstenia deviating most in the juvenilistic African genera Bosqueiopsis and Trilepisium composition of its rays, and the sm all diameter are represented as we11 as some African species and high frequency of its vessels. Bosqueiopsis of the, partly Neotropical, genus Dorstenia. Of differs from the other genera in the presence of Scyphosyce and Utsetela, no sampIes were fibre pits in the radial and tangential walls. availab1e. Helianthostylis and Trymatococcus are highly similar. Brosimum shows a variation range ex­ ceeding that of the entire tribe. Nevertheless, Generic descriptions individual species of Brosimum can often not be distinguished. Bosqueiopsis De Wild. & Th. Dur. (Figs. 1, 2). The genera Brosimum, Helianthostylis, Try­ This African genus, monographed by Berg matococcus, and Trilepisium are c10sely related. (1977), is monotypic since the four species de­ The tribe Dorstenieae can be separated from scribed before, are united in his revision. The the tribe Castilleae on wood anatomical charac­ genus occurs in Zafre and southern Congo, as ters such as: presence or absence of septate fi­ trees up to 35 m ta11 in primary and old second­ bres; distribution pattern of the vessels; para­ are forest up to 500 m a1titude. In eastern Tan­ tracheal parenchyma unilateral or not, and ray zania and Moyambique as ta11 shrubs and tree­ composition. lets up to 6 m, in thickets, open forests or Key words: Systematic wood anatomy, Bos­ young secondary forest, often on sandy soils, queiopsis, Brosimum, Dorstenia, Heliantho­ from sea level to 500 m altitude (Berg, 1977). stylis, Trilepisium, Trymatococcus. M a t e r i als t u die d : B. gilletii De Wild. & Th. Dur. East Africa: Schlieben 423 (Uw 15590). Introduction General features: Growth rings faint; This paper is part of aseries, in which the colour light brown; texture fine, grain straight. wood anatomy of the Moraceae is described in Specific gravity 800 N per cubic metre. detail and discussed in relation to the taxonomy Microscopical features: Vessels diffuse, of the family. For an outline of the project as solitary (30%) and in short radial multiples and weH as for the chapter Material and Methods, irregular clusters of 2-6, 60 per sq.mm, round we refer to our first contribution, the treatment to oval, diameter 45 /.Lm, vessel member length of the tribe Casti11eae (Koek-Noonnan et al., 325 J.LID. Perforations simple, end walls almost 1984). In the tribe Dorstenieae, Berg (1973, transverse. Intervascular pits alternate, round 1977) inc1uded the tribe Brosirneae and the and oval, size 6-9 J.LID. Vessel-ray and vessel­ genus Dorstenia (considered to be the sole genus parenchyma pits larger and irregularly shaped, of the tribe Dorstenieae by Corner, 1962), be­ half-bordered. Thin-walled tyloses abundant. cause of an intennediate position of one spe­ Fibres non-septate with small simple pits in ra­ cies of Dorstenia. The Dorstenieae, 'c1ear1y de­ dial walls and less frequent in tangential walls; lirnited against the Castilleae .. .' show, at least walls 2-4 J.LID, gelatinous fibres marking the 1 This project was made possible by a grant of BION-ZWO (14.45-01). Downloaded from Brill.com10/03/2021 10:00:31PM via free access w -00 Table 1. Some wood anatomical features of species of Brosimum. Vessels Parenchyma ... e 0: E E'" g- ~ CI) gj, ~ ... >- '"0: .0 '[ .S '" "3 ,e,'" '[ 1; .a ;t a 0: .~ >- ä ~ ~ "t:I >< E- ... ä Ci .0 .2 !;b "0: .2 '" e [;-'" ~ " ::l'" .2 :E <;:l" .~'" ~ .!l '"g.. E'" ..: ::l -Si E Tl 0: CI) '" 0 .;: 0 'E ~ '" ~ ·ä ~ ~ ::l el '" " ~ -Ei e- B. acutifolium 4-9 130-185 7-13 - -- + - + r (a) 520-700 B. alicastrum 9-16 (30) 70-120 5-7 (t, T) + + + - + rr (a) 750-1020 B. costaricanum 11 120 5-6 - -- + - + rr, a 830 B. gaudichaudii 17 110 9 t + + + - + - 800 B.glaziovii 8-14 70-80 7-9 (t) + (+) + - - r 570-800 B. guianense 6-10 90-130 4-6 T (+) - + (+) - rr (a) 880-1320 B. lactescens 7-16 100-135 3-4 t (+) - (+) - + (r) 690-760 Downloaded fromBrill.com10/03/2021 10:00:31PM B. parinarioides 3-6 140-170 9-11 - - (+) (+) + + - 700-800 >~ B. potabile 3 155 9-11 (t) (+) + (+) (+) + r, a 670-790 ttl S- B. rubescens 4-5 125-185 5-9 - (+) + T (+) (+) (r, a) 1040-1200 .... B. utile 3-7 130-185 8-13 (t) (+) (+) -- + - 440-650 "sr ::s 1n <: T: thick·walled; t: thin·walled; r: in marginal ray cells; rr: abundant in marginal ray cells; a: in axial parenchyma; +: present; -: absent; between brackets: occasion- ~ ally present. \J) ------------- - ~ via freeaccess \0 -00 ~ IAWA Bulletin n.s., Vol. 5 (4), 1984 319 growth rings, lumina 4-8 JIDl; length 830 JIDl; rubescens Taub. Surinam: BBS 62 (Uw 659), F/V-ratio 2.6. Rays uniseriate and multiseriate, Stahel170a (Uw 170a); French Guiana: BAFOG 9 per mm. Uniseriate rays 13 %, composed of 349M (Uw 5423); Colombia, Choc6: Cuatreca­ procumbent, square and upright cells, up to sas 14030 (Uw 25316); Panama: USw 4489 4-5 (1-9) cells and 190 (320) JIDl. Multiseriate (Uw 11076). - B. utile (H. B. K.) Pitt. ssp. occi­ rays composed of procumbent cells except for dentale C.C. Berg. Colombia, Choc6: Cuatreca­ the uniseriate margins of I (3) rows of square and sas 14291 (Uw 25174), 15595 (Uw 25345), upright cells, and few sheath cells; 2-4 cells 16084 (Uw 25208). - B. utile (H.B.K.) Pitt. wide, up to 560 JIDl high. Parenchyma para­ ssp. ovatifolium (Ducke) C.C. Berg. Brazil, tracheal, vasicentric alifonn to confluent, often Amazonas: Krukoff 6656(Uw 7852). - B. utile fonning wavy bands; strands of 4 (2-6) cells. (H.B.K.) Pitt. ssp. utile. Colombia, Choc6: van Rooden, Topper & ter Welle 526 (Uw 25607). Brosimum Schwartz (Figs. 3-12) Gen eral fea t ure s : The woods of the Berg (1972) recognised Brosimum sensu lato speeies of Brosimum are very variable in appear­ (including Brosimopsis Moore,Piratinera Aublet ance (Table I). Highly remarkable are the dif­ and Ferolia Aublet) and distinguished between ferences in colour and speeific gravity. The two subgenera on the basis of some morpholo­ heaviest, dark reddish brown woods are found gical features. Brosimum is a genus of trees, of­ in B. guianense and B. rubescens commercially ten of considerable height, with most species in known as 'Ietterwood' and 'satine rubane'. Most evergreen, mainly tropical rainforests. Brosi­ other speeies are of considerably lower weight mum gaudichaudii is a common speeies of the (see Table I) and light brown. Growth rings ab­ campos cerrados region of central South Ameri­ sent. Texture rme to medium. Grain straight or ca. The genus is distributed from Mexico and the interlocked. Greater Antilles, Cuba and Jamaica to southern Microscopical features. Vessels diffuse, Brazil, with the highest concentration of spe­ solitary (20-70%) and in short radial multiples eies in the Amazon Basin. Some species, mainly and irregular clusters of 2-4, 3-16 (30) per sq. B. guianense and B. rubescens, produce valuable mm, round to oval, diameter 70-185 JIDl.'yes­ timbers (Ietterwood, satine rubane). sei member length 400-600 JIDl. Perforations M a t eri al s t u di e d: B. acutifolium Huber simple, end walls almost transverse. Intervascu­ ssp. acutifolium. Surinam: Lanjouw & Linde­ lar pits alternate, round, oval or polygonal, 3- man 2945 (Uw 1978). - B. acutifolium Huber 13 JIDl. Vessel-ray and vessel-parenchyma pits ssp. obovatum (Ducke)C.C. Berg. Guyana: A.C. variable, irregular in size and shape, half-bor­ Smith 2617 (Uw 21528); Brazil, Amazonas: dered. Thin-walled tyloses often present; some­ Krukoff 5378 (Uw 19921), 6355 (Uw 7659). times thick-walled tyloses occur. Fibres non­ - B. alicastrum Sw. ssp. alicastrum. Jamaica: septate with sm all simple pits restricted to the U.S. Nat. Herb. 5914 (Uw 8318); Guatemala: radial walls; walls 2-3 (4) J..Lm, lumina 3-16 Peten 23112 (Uw 18018). - B. alicastrum Sw. (19) JIDl, rarely gelatinous; length 980-1600 ssp. bolivarense C.C. Berg. Guyana: A.C. Smith JIDl, F/V-ratio 2.0-3.4. Rays uniseriate and 3464 (Uw 21660); Venezuela: Breteler 3972 multiseriate, 5-9 per mm. Uniseriate rays 0- (Uw 12193); Peru: Uw 18000 (via MADw). - 20%, composed of upright cells only or inter­ B. costaricanum Liebm. Costa Rica: Iica CCO- mingled with some rows of procumbent cells, 24 (Uw 20677). - B. gaudichaudii Trec. Brazil: 3 -6 cells (120-300 J..Lm) high. Multiseriate rays Maguire et al. 56136 (Uw 16368). - B. glaziovii composed of procumbent cells with uniseriate Taub. Brazil, Parana: Lindeman & de Haas 2060 margins of 1-2 (7) rows of square and upright (Uw 13491),2201 (Uw 13588). -B. guianense cells; 2-4 (7) cells wide, Vp to 370-610 JIDl (AubI.) Huber. Surinam: BBS 55 (Uw 652), high. Parenchyma paratracheal, vasicentric ali­ Stahel 3a (Uw 3a), 219 (Uw 219); Guyana: For. fonn with narrow long wings, which are some­ Dept. 3366 (Uw 986), 3424 (Uw 987); Brazil, times arc-shaped, occasionally confluent, some­ Amazonas: Krukoff 5477 (Uw 19984).
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