UZ0201656 INSTITUTE OF NUCLEAR PHYSICS AS RU SCIENCE ASSOCIATION 'PHYSICS-SUN" AS RU INSTITUTE OF APPLIED PHYSICS OF NATIONAL STATE UNIVERSITY SAMARKAND STATE UNIVERSITY MPNP'Ol
The Fourth International Conference n MODERN PROBLEMS OF NOCLEAR PHYSICSn
.33/07 Tashkent 25-29 September 200 1 I UZ0201656
THE FOURTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE $
«MODERN PROBLEMS 1 OF NUCLEAR PHYSICS» BOOK OF ABSTRACTS
Tashkent 25-29 September 2001
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k MPNP'01 1 TEZISLAR TOPLAMI I TORTINCHI XALQARO ANJUMAN «YADRO FISIKASINING HOZIRGI ZAMON MUAMMOLARI»
Toshkent 25-29 Scntyabr 2001 Dedicated to the 10fh Anniversary of Independence of Republic of Uzbekistan £5
THE FOURTH INTERNATIONAL. CONFERENCE «MODERN PROBLEMS OF NUCLEAR PHYSICS»
Tashkent 25-29 September 2001 i ORGANIZED Institute of Nuclear Physics of Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences Science Association "Physics-Sun" of Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences Institute of Applied Physics of National State University I Samarkand State University Ozbekiston Respublikasi Mustaqilligining £< lOyilligiga bag 'ishlanadi
TORTINCIII XALQARO AN.IUMAN «YADRO FISIKASINING I1OZ1RGI ZAMON IVlUAIvllVlOLARI»
Toslikcnt 25-29 Scntyabr 2001 TASHKILOTCHILAR
Ozbekislon Respublikasi Fanlar Akademiyasi Yadro Fisikasi Instituli 6zR FA "Fisika-Quesh" Ilmiy-Ishlab Chiqarish Birlashmasi OziMU qoshida^i Amaliy Fisikasi Ilmiy-Tckshirish Instituti Samarqand Davlat Universiteti s
B «.'• Institute of Nuclear Physics of Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, 2001 SPONSORS OF THE FOURTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE «MODERN PROBLEMS OF NUCLEAR PHYSICS»
The State Committee of Science and Technology of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent
The Abdus Salam International Center for Theoretical Physics, Trieste, Italy
"CHEMOTRADE" GmH&Co.KG, Dusseldorf, Germany
"ISONICS" Corporation, Columbia, MD, USA
Navoi Mining-Metallurgical Group of Enterprises, Navoi, Uzbekistan
"FONON" Scientific Industrial Association, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
"RADIOPREPARAT" Enterprise of Institute of Nuclear Physics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan Termez State University, Uzbekistan
Joint Venture "TEZINTOM", Tashkent, Uzbekistan
Branch Establishment "COLOROS", Tashkent, Uzbekistan
-H Organizers thank sponsors of conference and authors of reports and all participants for their contribution in success of the conference INTERNATIONAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE Aguer P. (France) Kirk M. (USA) Aksenov V. (Russia) Lubatti H. (USA) Alt E. (Germany) Matveev V. (Russia) Blechschmidt D. (CERN) Plessas W. (Austria) Cheon I.-T. (Korea) Predazzi E. (Italy) Delia Negra M. (CERN) Sagawa H. (Japan) Goshitsky B. (Russia) Swyen H. (Germany) Hegener H. (Germany) Vishnevsky I. (Ukraine) Hussain F. (AS-ICTP) Wolfe D. (USA) Kadyshevsky V. (JINR) Wroblewski A. (Poland) Kadyrjanov K. (Kazakhstan) Yalcin C. (Turkey) Khanna F. (Canada) Zieminski A. (USA) ORGANIZING COMMITTEE B.S. Yuldashev - Chairman A.A.Kist, Sh.Makhkamov, T.Muminov — Vice-Chairmen E.I.Ismatov - Scientific secretary Z.Fazylova - Secretary S.Strigina - Conference coordinator Abdukayumov M. Kadirova M. Akhmedov B. Khaidarov R. Avezov A. Khakimov Z. Bakiev S. Lutpullaev S. En Z. Kim G. Gafarov A. Musakhanov M. Gulamovl. Nuritdinov I. Jumaev N. Salikhbaev U. Ibragimova E. Yarmukhamedov R. THE ADDRESS OF THE ORGANIZING COMMITTEE Institute of Nuclear Physics, Ulugbek, Tashkent, 702132, Uzbekistan Tel.: (998-712) 64-15-52; 64-89-01. Fax: (998-712)64-25-90 E-mail: [email protected] PLEASE BE AWARE THAT ALL OF THE MISSING PAGES IN THIS DOCUMENT WERE ORIGINALLY BLANK DISCLAIMER Portions of this document may be illegible in electronic image products. Images are produced from the best available original document The Fourth International Conference on Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics (MPNP-01) is organized jointly by Institute of Nuclear Physics of Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Scientific Association "Physics - Sun" of Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Institute of Applied Physics of Uzbekistan National University and Samarkand State University. Discussion of modern problems in fundamental and applied nuclear physics and physics of elementary particles, activation analysis, radiation physics of condensed matter becomes a tradition of nuclear physicists of Uzbekistan. Scientists and specialists meet each other on Uzbek land the fourth time, this is a follow-up of the conferences held in Tashkent in 1995, Samarkand in 1997 and Bukhara in 1999. This time this conference is dedicated to the l(/h Anniversary of Independence of Uzbekistan. As experience shows such meetings give impulse to more serious and deep investigation of the different branches of the science and help to extend its "geography". It is great pleasureto mention that the conference is attended by specialists and scientists pom 18 countries and this is becoming a regular one. , - - Tfte main aim of our regular conferences is to bring up the scientists of the Central Asia region and the international scientific community together and give, the opportunity to exchange ideas and experience, especially, on practical application of the recent scientific results. The conference leads to the extension of international scientific and technical relations with foreign scientists from different countries and to the definition of the main tendencies of the modern of fundamental and applied nuclear physics. The conference has become possible owing to the financial support of a large number of organizations. On behalf of the Organizing Committee we wish to express our gratitude to the following organizations: Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences The State Committee of Science and Technology RU Institute of Nuclear Physics of Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences Scientific Association "Physics - Sun " of Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Italy "Chemotrade" GmH&Co. KG, Germany Navoi Mining-Metallurgical Group of Enterprises "Radiopreparat" Enterprise of Institute of Nuclear Physics "Phonon " Scientific Industrial Association Termez State University Joint Venture "Tezintom" CONTENTS Section I «Particles ami Nuclei» Decays of B Mesons to 0 Mesons Plus other Particles and other Recent Results from Cleo > f C^L Wilson Ricnard 31 Problems of Macroscopic Electrodynamics and Gravitation in General Relativity Alvnedov B.J. 31 Present Time .Juclear Reaction Studies at low Energies; Nuclear Astrophysics Anenwv S.V., Kim G'., Yarmukhamedov R 33 Neutron Scattering for Applied and Fundamental Research Aksenov V.L 33 Efleets of High Orders in Nuclear Processes Vis.hnevsky IN., Davytlovskaya 0 1 33 The Development of an Investigation of Nuclear Reactions with the Channeled Ion Beams in Crystals Takihuev N. Zti. 34 Role of o- Meson in p° —>7T'V'Y Decay Gokqlp A., YilnuizJJi 35 Nuclear Data Related to Reactors Haas Barnard. 35 Binding Energy and Lifetimes of the light Hypei nuclei AfanasievS.V., Aksinenko V.D., Nurgozhin N.N., Okhrimenko O.I'., el. all ;u 92 ;2 fhe Mechanism of Reactions ' Zi\' Mo(p,px), (p,dx) Measured at Ep = 30.3 MeV Blechuuvi A.M., Dnisebayev A.. Ismailov K.M. Unusual Spatial Characteristics of Gamma-Families at the Superhigh Energies Eo~10l6eV Yuldashbaev T.S. 38 Inelastic Charge-Exchange Processes 7t'A 9 7r°i + ... in Energy Region Above 100 TeV Yuldashbaev T.S.. Nur:id;;;av IC, 39 Fragmentation of Relativistic Oxygen Nuclei in l6Op-Interactions at the Charge Exchange Reactions of Proton-Target Luipullaev S.L., Lipin V.I)., Olimov K., Olimuv Kh.K., 40 Yuldashev A.A., Yuldashev B.S. ; . On the Propertie: of Fast Positive Singly ( haiged Neutron-Rich Fragments. Produced in l6Op-lnteractions at High Energies 'hilumov K.(L, l.ntpullaev S.I , Upin V.D., Olinmv K , ( Himov Kh K Yuldashev A.A., Yuldashev H.S. Automatized Data Analysis in High Energy Physics Abdurakhimov A. II. 41 On a Role of Mechanisms of a Giant Dipole Resonance in Generation of Del ay ing Neutrons in Extensive Atmospheric Showers Antonova V.P., BabaevM.K., Baigubekov AS., Chuhenko A P., hryn b..A , Kanashevich V.I., Mukashev KM., Sadvkov TKh. Tashimov M. A. Zhardema/i N.B., Zastrozhnova N.N., Jushkov A V. . Investigation of Two-Jet Events in Atmosphere in Energy Region of I-10 PeV HabaevM.K., BaigubekovA.S, Lukashov K.M., Sadykos /.Kh., TashimovM.A., Zhardamali N.3., ZastrozhnovaN.N. 43 The Comparative Analysis of Channels of a-Particles and I2C Nuclei Pioduction in l6Op-Collisions at 3 25 A GeV/c BelovA'.A.. Lugovoi VI'., I.uipuihn\ SI.., I ipin V.H, Olimov K., Olimov Kh.K, Yuldashev A.A.. Yuldashev B.S 44 The Analysis of pp- and pp -Scattering in the Frame of Quantum ( hioinodynanm s DjuraevSh.Kh.. Ismatov Ye.I., TuraevN.Yu 44 Elastic Diffractional pp-Scattering and Unitary Conditions Joldasova S.M., Imatov E.I., Fazyhy^M-L 46 Total Cross Sections, the Real Part of Amplitude and Slopes of Diffract ion Cones in Nuc'eon-Nucleon Scattering Ismatov Ye.I.. BelovM.A.. StriginaSB., EsaniazovSh.l\, hazylova 7 f Elastic Nucleus-Nucleus Scattering in the Glauber-Sitenko Theory IsmaU v Ye.I., BelovM.A., Djuraev Sh.Kh., Strigina S.B 49 Gauge Evolution of the Elementary Particle Physics During the Second Half of XX Century and Perspectives Khodjaev LSh 50 The Ooserva'ion of Anomalies in Mass Spectra of (p,2p)-reaction on C, AJ, Cu and Pb Nuclei at 500 MeV Bt.'ov M.A., Gafarov A.A., KoblikYu.N,, Pikul V.P., Radyuk (LA., YuUktshev H.S 50 D jubiy Heavy Baryons in the Dirac Equation Appro.ich Matra.su/nv D.U., Hakhimov Kh. Yu , Bulanov Kh. T 52 10 Spin-Flip lonization in the Relativistic Heavy Ion-Atom Collisions Shiirasulov D.U., !^3khwvi)LKflXlL< Rtizibaev A.K 54 Diffractional Interaction of Hadrons anil Compound Panicles with Nuclei-lsomers Tartakovski V.K., Parkhomenko O.I. 55 Comparison of Theoretical and Experimental Data on Hadron-Hadronic Interactions Saidov CkS., Turaev Y'l'. T., Shanpov AX, Djuniev Sh.Kh 56 The Spectroscopy of the Light Su(2) Baryons in the Perturbative Chiral Quark Model lursunov KM. 57 Singularities of Energy Spectaim of Proton-Fragments Produced in '"Op-Interactions at 3.25 A GeV/c LutpullaevS.L., lipin V.D., Olimov A'., OlimovK'I.K., 5g Yuldushi. v A.A.. Yiddashe- B.S. . Distributions of Protons in (p, D, a, C)C-Interactions at 4.2 GeV/c Per Nucleon Sharifwva S. A, Akchurina II ZahiJova H 59 Distributions of 7T Mesons in (p, D, a, C)C-lnteraclions at 4 2 GeV7c Per Nucleou SharipovaS. A., Akchnrina />. Coherent Type B Production of Free and Bound e+e- by Photon and Relativistic Heavy Ions 1 Kunusheiiko YH.P., ' 'Pivovurov Yu.l 60 Antikaon Production and Medium Effects in Proton—Nucleus Reactions at Subthreshold Beam Energies Paryev I'.Ya 61 Response Function of Giant Dipole Resonance at Finite Temperature Gukalp A., Yilmuz ()., AyikS. .\ . 5 j Achievement and Prospects for the Superheavy Element Synthesis Decisive Role of the Shell Structure in *he Fusion Reaction Mechanism Nasirov A.K., AJamicin (1 (}., (iian/ina O'., Jovliev If. >//., Kanokov Z, UimbertoA., Muminuv A.I., Oliva G., Pavliy K.V., Tuccune A The M( nochromati*; X-Radiaiion Source on the Basis of the Electronic BreamsMrahlung Beam of Samarkand Microtron MT-22S AJischev Y.N., Aliev F.K., Asalov (I., Zabttcv V.N., Potylitsyn A.P., Safarov. IN., Sa/ikhbnev U.S., Skhpnik B.A., Step/iov Y. Y., Khukberdmv I. Experinent .1 Set Up for Study a Hard Gamma-Radiation Scattering on Very Small Angles From Smooth Surface (Based on Microtrone MT-22S) Alii'v b.K. Alimov G.R., Ikramov A.K., Kumaki.ovM.A, Muminov A '/!, Muminov T.M., Suiikhhaev U.S., Safarov A.N, Skvorlsov V.V., Usmanov R.Jl, Khazratov T., Khakberatev /., Yuldashev H.S. 65 Background Anisotropy in Experiments with liremsstrahlung Generated hy Electrons of Microtrone MT-22S AJk'llLK., Alimov (i.R., Asatov V, I., Darvishkhoiijai'v Kh., Safurov A.M., _ Salihhaev U.S., Khazratov V, Khakherdiev /, B~>A+/> Asymptotic Normalization Coefficients tor l/>-Shell Nuclei from the Proton Transfer Reactions Artemov S.V.. Ztiparov HA 69 Group-Theoretical Approach to Giant Resonance Splitting in Deformed Nuclei Haktybaev K. 71 Super Symmetrical Properties of Nuclear States and Particle Pairs in the Cranked Hartree - Fock - Bogolubov Approximation BaktybaevK., Kttrmasheva./., Strygin J)./'., Rjl>R(Ujkjl(!>L.Kx 72 Analytic Properties of form Factors and Asymptotics of Nuclear Wave Functions in Two-Fragment Channels Blokhinlsev LI). 72 (3He,a) Reactions on Nuclei 9Be, 1! MC, NN, "'0 at Energies 50 and 60 MeV Burtebaev N.. Basyhekov K.H., Zhurynhaeva G.S.. Nic (i.K., Artemov S.I'., Zaparov E A. 74 Separator and Magnetic Analyzer for the Identification of Recoiling Nuclei Chepigin V.I., YereminA.V., Maly hevO.N.. I'opekoA.(L, SagaiitakR.N., Behzerov'A.V., Kabachevko A.P., Chelnokov M.I , (iorshkov V.A., KorotkovS.P., Svirihin A.I. 75 The Coupling of Collective Bands in Deformed Nuclei ChorievB.Ch., KorjovovM.J., YuldashevM.B 76 Quantum Ensemble Model ChuJakov V.M. : 77 Excited States of Deformable Nonaxia! ODD Nuciei Sharipov Sh., KrmamatovMJ. 7^ The First Picosecond Sciniiliator - ZnSe(Te,O) Crystal Gafamv A.A., Ibragimova E.M, Koblik Y11.N., Kist A.A. Ryzhikov V.I) 7^ New Isospin Excitations - Combinative Isobar Resonances Gafarov A.A.. Khugaev A. V., Koblik Yu.N. 80 Nuclear Vertex Constant for the Virtual Decay uN-»p+l2C and Astrophysical S-tactcr of the 12C(p,y)l3N Reaction at Extremely Low Energies Igamov SJLJTursunmuratov T.M., Yarmukhamedov R 81 Coulomb Breakup of a Light Nucleus by an I Mtrarelativistic Heavy Ion Irgaziev B.F., Kala^darov Sh. : 82 12 Influence of the Third Charged Particle on ihe Rate of Two-Body Radiative Capture Irgaziev B.F.. Utumunuiov H 83 Clustering Generation of Boson's Theory (Rotational Limit) KabulovA.B 84 investigation of the Excited States of the '"'Er islamovT.A., Kalinmkov V.G., Kumhanna N.i., Lebcdev N.A., Soinishkin A.A., Egotov O.K., Koksnikov I'. V., SUaw I'./., Khmunov T.M., Ihrabim Y.S. 84 Investigation of the Radioactive Decay of loul£r V60l"8Ho ~> lt>0Dy AdumJ., Wagner V., Egarov O.K., Zvolska I'., ZvolskyJ., Ibntheem Y. S., hk}!nvvJ\A.J Kalinnikov I.(/'. Kimibarova N. T., Krcivik H., Lebedev N.A., Novgoroitov A.l\, Sotnyshkm A.A., Sie^aUov V.I., SereeterJ., Fi&r A/., Calami I' 86 Ml •Resonance in the Nuclei oi'Sd-Shell S.. Konki I'.Yti §7 The Coefficients Sdiemeii ofIS3 Gd Levels Karahodjuev A.K. 89 Experimental Data About Nature oi Interactions Breaking Combined and Tune Parities Kattwiliov V.M., Tro-itskaya AXi 91 Secondary Electron Emission Induced with Fission Fragments Kctzmilstiva T.G.. Koblik Y.N., Pikul V.P 92 One Particle Under-Barrier Resonances in Light Nuclei Kim G., Khaydarov R.Ji 94 The Ratio of Dipole Forces of El-Transitions for l00Mo Kulabdulhiev G.A.. Azimuv K.Sk, Muakhinedov Sh.A., Mukhiunmudlnv A., Magmpov R.D., Razzaqow N. 95 Decay of the Highly ExcLjd Nuclear Levels of"0ll2Cd Kulubdulkiev G.A.. Azimov K.Sh., Mirakhmcdov Sh.A., Mukhammadiev A., Magrupov R.J)., Rtizzaqo\a N 96 Experimental Study of a- Particles Scattering on Medium-Weight Nuclei at the Energy Eu= 29 MeV Kuterbekov K.A.. Sadjkov H.M., /hiy.sebaev A., Basybekov K.B., BaktybucvM.K., Blechman A.M., Duysebaev B.A., hmailov K.M., Lotus' (/., SluMi'nko L.I., Mukhambetzhunova A.M. 97 Determination of the Energy and the Mass of Primary Cosmic Particle by EAS Measurements Boos E.G., Lebadev LA., Lebedeva A.A., Scuiykov T.Kh . 97 A Pseudorapidity Distribution of Secondary Particles as a Result of Markov Processes leKiievaA.A.. Ruskin V.I..... • • 99 Single Particle Bound State Potential in Light Nuclei NieG.K...... ,01 Study of the Process of Superasymmetric Fission of Nuclei by Thermal Neutrons Koblik Y.N., PiknlV.P, Vuhtaslwv B.S. . 102 Unified Description of Radiative Strengths for Photoabsorption andGamma-Decay of Heated Nuclei Plujko V.A. .;.;...,...... • 103 'Hie Relativistic Speciroscopy of Simplest Rotating Sta^s AriemovS.y.thehvM.A., Kohlik Yu.N., RadyiihiLL • • • • • 104 Experimental Study of l20Sn Nucleus Structure Kuterbekov K.A., SodykoyBAl. Dnysebaev A »06 Elastic and Inelastic Interaction of Alpha-Panicles and the4*' v'Ti Nuclei Structure KuterbekovK.A., SiidykovH>M> Slusurenko 1.A., Mukhambetzhanovu A.M. JO7 Investigation of Radiative Capture Protons by 9Be Nuclei Burteba.v N.. Sagindykov Sh.Sh.. Hurminskij V.P.. Dzhazciirav-Kakhramcwov V., Zarifov R.A., JxtzuUn DM. 108 Three Body Model of 7Li Nuclei Thttsitpov M.A.. Sugimiykov Sh.Sh.. Sakhiev S.K. , J09 Calculation of 'Li(n,y)sLi Reaction at Low Energy Range and Characteristics ofJ"T = 3'' Resonance ZhiiA'upov M.A., Sagindykov Sh.Sh. Burtebaev N..., J 10 Precise Variational Study of a Few-Nucleon Systems Simenog /. K, Dolsenko J.S., Grinyuk H.E. 110 ikyrmion Deformation in Finite Nuclei Yakhshiev (IT...... HI A Study of the Nucleon Transfer Reactions on Boron Nuclei Burtebaev N., BaktybaevM.K.. DuysebaevB.A., Blechman A. M., Jasybekov K.B. Artemov S. V., Kayumov M A., Karakhodzaev A.A., ,. 2 Radyuk G.A., Yuldashev B.S., Zaparov E.A. Properties of Sm ^=145,147,149) ODD Isotopes Nuclei Omanov Sh., Isakulov E., hmailova '/!, Musayev B., SodiqovM. 1 (4 14 Approval of Parametrisation of 7Lid Potential Interaction Saghidykov Sh., Sukhiev S., YJuiksybckova K., Hiirkovu N\ 115 Investigation of 7Lid-Cluster Channel in Photoinduced Reactions £LA^ Zhciksybekova K.A., Lcntttk S.d 115 Hadron Scattering by 7Li Nucleus in Three-Particle uDN-Model Ibraeva E.'/'., Zhusupov A I.A., SugiiidykoY Sh.Sh 116 The investigaLjn of Low Energy Nuclear (.'luster Interactions Through the Research of Photoabsoiption Reactions Takibaev N.Zh., LIYVIHSUVU AS., l.ciuiik SAj, 117 lsomeric Yield Ratios of Photoproton Reactions ~>n "2ll8Sn Nuclei Palvcuiov S.R., Kanihodjitfv A.K., Rujuhuv () \ j g Isomeric Yield Ratios and Cross Section Ratios of the (y,n) Reaction on x5Rb and KVRb Nuclei lUilvanov S.R., Rajubov () i 19 The Integrated Cross-Section of Fhotonuclear Reactions (y,n)"' on Nuclei with r9 < A < '42 on the Giant Dipole Resonance Region Palvanov S.R., Rajabov ()., Inoyatov A. Kh., IhirvishkfuMijaev Kh 120 Planned investigations of Sul-Coulomb Fusion and Charged Particle Trans*er Reactions Induced by Light Nuclei rf the Heavy Ions Accelertor «Oc-60» for Astrophysical Applications Buriebaev N., Duysebaev A., Kadyrzhanov K.K., Kuzhevskij H.M., Yunnukhcunedov A'. Emission Properties of Fission Products Gmdzevich O.'/'. . j 23 L>o Hadronic Charge Exchange Reactions Measure Electroweak L-l Strength? ^ "^ |/ 'Dmiu,ev V. h\, 'Zelevinsky I'., 'M.-Austin Semi 124 Section II «Radiation Physics of Condensed Matter» Kinetics of Radiative Charge Recombination in ZnSe (Te,O) ScintiMator Crystals EM. 127 ( 7 [\f Optical Characteristics of Quartz - Quartz Fiber in the Grem_.strahlung Gamma Radiauon Field AshurovM.Kh., Gasanov EM., Ismoilov Sh.Kh., Rusttmtov I.R., SabkhbacY US., Sufarov A.N., Yuldtishev U.S. 128 Radiation Hardness of Silicon and Silicon Based Devices: Current Status and Perspectives Makhkamov Sh., Tursunov N.A., Khakimov Z.AL Tishchenko V. V., Kraitchinskii A.M. 15 MD Simulation of the Ion-Stimulated Processes in Silicon Surface Layers Kiv A.E., Maximova T.I, So!o)!i?y_VNi 131 Formation of Si Precipitates in Al Under Neutron Irradiation KivA.E.. Bntav.skaya E.I1., Khakimov Z.M., Vmarowi /•'./'. 132 Phase-Structural Changes During Plastic Deformation of Irradiated Austenitic Stainless Steels Maksimkin P.P. 134 Correlation Betweei. Radiation and Temperature Changes of y -MX' Trasformation Critical Parameters for 12Crl8NilOTi Steel Maksimkin P.P.. Tivanuvu O.V 134 Calorimetry and Fractography Research of Destruction of Nikel, Niobium and 12Crl8NilOTi Steel, Irradiated by High-Energy Particles Maksimkin P.P.. Gusev M.N., Ermakuv EL 135 Ion-Plasma Processes of the Mono- and Multilayei Film Systems Formation Tuleushev A.Zh., VolodjjjJ.'..\\, l.isycift V.N., iuleushev Yu.Zh., Kim S.N. ]37 Effect of y-Radiation on the Surface Generation Velocity at the Si-SiO? Interface Parchmski P.B., Vlasov S.I., Nasirov A.A., l.eegy L.G., Schukina O.Yti 138 Negativ ^ Creep of High Nickel Austentic Alloy at Reactor Irradiation ChumakovK. V., Aitkhozhin h\S.. ErmaknvE.L j J9 Effect of y-Irradiation on Mos - Staicture Based on Large Block p-Cdte Films Mirsagatov Sh.A.. Janahergenov J.. Aitbaev B.U., Norkuziev (1 . |40 Effect of Fast Neutron Irradiation on lTO/p - CdTe Structures Mirsagatuv Sh.A.. Makhmudov M.A., Janabergenuv J. 141 Relaxation Features of Low-Energy Electronic Excitations in Alkali Halides Under the Directed Stress ShunkeevK.Sh., Tulepbergenov S.K., BekeshevA.Z, Dzhumanov S\, „ _ Sarmukhanov E. T., Sagimbaeva Sh.Zh. 142 ^ •"': i} u Optimization of Beta Spectrometer of Facility for Depth Selective Conversion Electron Mossbauer Spectroscopy BabenkovM.I., Zhdanov V.S., Ryzhykh V.Yu 143 Dependence of the Micro Parameters of Silica Glass on Fast Neutron Fluences Abdukadyruvu 1. Kh 144 Electric Conductivity of Irradiated Synthetic Quartz Crystals Abdukadyrova I. Kh.. Sandalov V.N. 145 16 Influence of Gamma Irradiation on Behavior of Gas Impurities in BaCeNdO Perovskite Aksenova /'./., Berdauletov A.K.. Bukenov K.l\, MedvedevuZ.Y., KhromushmI.I'. Effect of y- and n-y-Radiation on Optical, Blectrophysical ai i Dielectric Properties of Cerium Containing Glasses Alimov II, (JasanovKM., Gukvnovali.R 147 Gamma-Induced Defect Production in ZrGvYzOs with Different Defectiveness AshurovM.Kh., AmonovK1Z-, HakovA.I'. I4g Analysis of Hie Second Order Spectra of Oxide Crystals Exposed to Gamma-Irradiation Atahaey Sht. Muslimov B.A., Shamuruiov Sh M9 Effect of Y - Radiation on the Central Line of Oxide Crystals Having the Second Order Phase Transitions AtahaevSh ISO RCD in Crystal Quartz UakMykiey K. , Togzhi^ilov K j 50 Interaction of Laser-Produced Plasma with Aluminum Surface HedilvvM. It, Khqytkirov It, Sharkov H., Hnffmcmn D.H.H. , Kumshev (/.. Bardiyrov G., KhalmuiatovKt, TojihonovE. 15! 0 \~f-)O ' * Formation and Expansion of Multi-Charged /2O3 and Ho20, Ions at Powerrlil Irradiation of Materials BedilovM. H., Khiiydarov It, Knnishev U., Bcrdiyrov G : ,. . 153 Multiply Charged Ions Formed at Interaction of Single Channel Laser H.adialion with Solid BeditovM.il, TajikhotiovE.N., SabituvM.S., Ihivletuv I.Ju .*. 154 Local Element Analysis of Condensed Materials by Using Lager Mass-Spectrometer Bedilov &.M., Bvysembaeva H.B., SitbilovM.S., Davletov l.Yu 155 Effect of y - Rays on Electrophysical Properties of n-Si Analysis Of EPR-Gamma Ray Glasses Berdiev '/., Dobryakov S.N., Shapirov E.I. 137 Distinctive Mott Transition and New Metal-Insulator Transitions in Doped Covalent and Polar Crystals Dzhumanov S., Kwbanov II., Kurmuntaev A., Yividov B 158 17 Theory of Large vB')Polarons and their Transport Mechanisms in High-Tt Superconductors Dzhumunov S., Baratov A.A 158 Transient Color Centers in me PbVVO^Nb Scintillating Crystals. Induced by Bremsstruhlung Gamma - Irradiation Ashuro'M.Kh., GasanovKM., IsmailovSh.Kh., RustumovI.It, Salikhbaev U.S., yqfarovA.N., Khatamov K Thermoluminescence of PbWO^ Scintillating Crystals AshurovM.H.,Gasanov KM., Ismailov Sh.Kh., Rusictmov t.R., RakovA.F. \(>\ Changes of Phase-Structure State and Volume Properties of Stainless Steel Irradiated by Pulse Electrons Chakrov P.V.. Kadyrov K.G.. Maksimkin 0.1' 161 Surface Gettering of Boron in Silicon Crystals Doped by Osmium KalanovM.U., Khamraeva R.N., Nurkuziev G.N., Khaidarov T.Kh., l.nmatov Kh.D 162 Effect cf X-Radiation on Phase State and Mechanical Properties of Silicon Crystals Kakmov M.I I.. Khamraeva R.N., Ununatov Kh.lX, Khaidarov T.Kh., Ruslamova I .A/. 163 Transformation of Structure and Conductivity of Pero\skitc Phase of Yttrium Ceramics Kakmov MAI.. Ibragimova KM., uhatnraeva R.N., Khaidarov T.Kh 164 Improving the Intergrain Connection in YBaCuO Ceramics by Proton Irradiation KakuiovM.il. Jbragimova KM., KirkM.A 165 Degradation of Proton Irradiated YBa2Cu3O7.fi Ceramics at Passive Keeping Ka/nnov M.U.. Ibragimova KM., Khamraeva R.N., Khaidarov T.Kh. . 166 High Temperature Spectrum of Inner Friction and Structure of Silicon Crystals KalanovM.U., Khaidarov T.Kh., Khamraeva R.N., Ibragimova KM., Ruslamova V.M. 167 interaction Between Disordered Regions and Radiation-lndrced Defects of p - Type Silicon Under y -Irradiation KarimovM.. JakhvM.A , Kochkarov R H. 169 Recombination Interaction Between Luminescence Centers at Two-Photor Laser Radiation Absorption and Cubic Nonlinear Susceptibility of High-Purity Optical Glasses Zakhidov K.A.. Knsimdjanov M.A.. Kurbatnv S.S., Rakl'mov R.. Khabibidlaev P.K. 169 Neutron Structure of Solid Solutions of Nitrogen and Hydrogen Atoms in the Lattice of a-Modification of Titanium und Zirconium KhidirovL Mukhtu.ova JV.JV. . l71 Analysis ofy- Quantum Temporary Spectra of Radiation Capture Formed at the Interaction of Nonstationary Neutron Fluxes with Wells llinskyA. V., Shikanov A.E., Mikhaihv 1 172 0/? 9 0 Radiolysis of Scintillator ZnSe(Te, O) Crystals at Irradiation w»th Neutrons and Gamma-Rays Mukhamedshina N.M.. Cm/arov A.A., Ibragimova EM., KistA.A., Ryzhikov VAX . Starzhinskiy N.U., Kiatma W. 173 Influence of Gamma -Radiation on Phase Transformations in Titanium H> Jride TiH i..,5 Khidirov/., fiiukhktroyq N.N.. Baktibaev K.O., Getmanskiy V.V. 175 F3 - and F4 - Centers in MgF2 Crystals Nuritdinov I., Mussaeva M.A. 176 Degradation of Yl^Cu.iCb-x Ceramic Under Pulse Current Nebemiy A.F. Gasunov IC. A/., Polyak O. Y11., Rukhmimov A. B. 177 Influence of Gamma-irradiation on Microhardness of a-AhOj -Based Ceramics Muminov M.I., Nck/xisoyljAJ, 178 influence of y irradiation of Doped N - and P-Si Single-Crystal MDMS Structures of Osmium Doped Silicon Nurkuziev G, Mirsagatov Sh.A., Paiziev A.A., AitboevB., Shcmiirzaev S.H. 179 Effect of y - Rays f'°Co on Lifetime of Carrier in Doped P-Type Silicon YunusovM.S., JalelovM.A., Begmatov K.A., Qdilo\!ci_N.J,_ 180 , Effect ofy-Rays on Lifetime of Carriers in P-Type Thermally Processed Silicon Yunusov M.S., Jale'hv M.A., Kurbanav A.O., Udilova N.J.. Sabirov S.S. 181 Theory of Radiation Disordering and Annealing Semiconductors OksengendlerBorisL., TuraevaNigoraN. |gl The Influence of Pulse Lrser Radiation on the Characteristics of Pb Sn Te Films Onarkiilov K.E., Rasulov R. l\, Usupovn I).A ] 83 Production of Radiation Stable Films Based on CdS OnarkiilovK.E., RasulovR.T. jg3 Determination of the Oxygen-Copper Ratio in Kigh-Ternperatura Superconductors by Gamma-Activation Analysis Palvanov S.R., Rajahov O., Inoyatov A. Kh., KhudoyL zrdiev A 184 Coordinate ani Sensitive Selfcontained Optical Radiation Detector Rahimov N.R., Hatamov S.i) 185 {,'{•! 19 Semi-Transparent Fluid Colours Sensor-Analyser Rahimov N.R., Hulamov S.0 187 ~~^~~ Characteristics of Highly Resistive Layers of GaAs • Ci • for Ionizing Radiation Detectors Sttihiev B., Jnraev Sh., Tuntev Yu., Shanpov /.., Ktttlirova N 188 V\\:J The Influence of Ionizing Radiation on Luminescent Properties of Magnesium Ceramics SK-I AshurovM.Kh., (kisanov, KM, Kim lien ('han, SaidakhmedovK.Kh., Avezov A.I) 189 Thermal-Radiation Dependence of Dielectric Parameters of Alumina-Silica-GIass Surface MuminovM.I., SatukihvJ^N, 190 X-Ray Analysis of Element Composition of Gaas Films Grown on Silicon Substrates by Liquid Phase Epitaxy Sapaev B., mukhanwdshinu N.M., SaidovA.S., Leyderman A.Yu., KutlimratovA., l)avkiio\> U.'i 191 The Theory of Effective Fieled on Mn Nuclei in NiMnSb Alloy Tumaev S.'/'.. Hizhigiiov T.H \ 92 Neutror and X-Ray Diffraction Investigation of Animal And Dinosaur Bone's Crystal Balagurov'A.M., Batdemberel (i., Chultem 1)., h'wssH., Siuifitia 1)., Tashmelov M. Yu. Neutron Diffractometer for Investigation of Microsamples Balagurov A.M., Km V.71, CHazkov l.J'., Kozlenko ]).!'., Naumov I.V., I'laUmov S.L., 193 Savenko B.N., Somenkov V.A., Yuldushev B.S., TashmeiovM. Yu Radiation - Stimulated Diffusion of Gas in Silicon Dioxide Togzhigitov K. 194 Origin of Strong Increase of Biotite Magnetisation Under Neutron •\nd Proton Irradiation UsmanovM.Kh., Yngay V.P., Shanpov Sh.M. 195 Influence of Radiation Acoustic Pi assure on Structure of Metal Thin Film Composite Systems Sarsenbinov Sh.Sh., Yar-Muchamedova (j.Sh. 196 — Parametric X-Ray Radiation of Low Energy Electrons from Pyrolitic Crystal Adischey Yu.N., Zubacv VM. Kapliii V.V., RazinS.V., UglovS.R., Kuznetsov S.L. Kunashenko Yu.P 197 Kinetics of Radiation-Induced Centres in Some Ionic Crystals Sitlakhitdinova M.K., Khohryakov V.I., DsupovA.A 198 0 0 20 Section III ^Activation Analysis, Radiochemistry, Product ion and Application of Isotopes, Nuclear Instrumentation and Nuclear Safety» Nuclear and Related Methods in Gold Industry ,7 , KistA.A., SaltarovU.S., BakievS.A 201 Q\'(\b Modern Automated Systems for Control of ore Quality and ore Preparation EUu jd on Nuclear Physics Methods of Anal"sis, Field Testing, Sorting And Separation Kuclwrsky N.I 202 About Some Results of Implementation of Program on Prevention of Nuclear Sm iggling Across Republic of Uzbekistan Yuldashev B.S., Pe/nnko V, 11, Awzov A.JX Kurimov Yu.N., Koz'menko A.V., PodkovyrinA.J., HemeevA.Sh., ShipilovN.N.. DjalihvS.T. 203 Optimization of the Method for Chemical Introduction of Iodine-125 Isotope into Silver Surfaces Abdukayumov M.N., Chisiyakov P.O., Shilin E. 203 Development of the Modified Kit of Reagents "Irma-M-H BsAg-1125" for Determination of the Hepatitis B Virus Surface Antigene in Human Serum and Blood AbthtmyumovM.N., Chisiyakov P.O., Garayshina G.R. 204 Diagnostic Complex for Subcritical System Mai'tiHi'vA.A.. MashvaM.V. 205 Biomedical Applications of the Nuclear Microprobe: a Review MhhebtC. Moreno Ph., Bcvbcrat Ph., Dutia It K., Aguer P 205 Radioisotope X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis of the Trace Element Concentrations of Some Fish Samples from East Black Sea - Akyuz Tanil, Akyuz Sevini. Sener Erdal, Yildiz Mustafa \ . 206 Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence and Spectral Analyses of Black Sea Beach-Sand Samples Akyuz Tanil, Akyuz Sevim 208 An Investigation uf Bursa-Uludag Wolfram ore by NAA and EDXRT Methods nkyuz Tanil, Akyuz Sevith. Kucer Pihmi, Kucer Narmin 209 The Status of Radioisotope Production in Turkey Akgiin A. Fadil 210 Nuclear Sciences in the Service of M nkind-Some Selected Applications in Health Fields ChatiUhri M. Anwar , ("haudhri M. Nasir 211 21 Radioisotopes Used In Nuclear Medicine, Import Policy of Turkey and Legislative Actions Okyjr H.Bur^in " ". 212 Radionuclide Content Analysis in Fallouts and Construction of Regional Maps of Contamination by Long-Lived Radionuclidcs for the Territories in the Chernobyl Disaster Influence Zone 0., Vishnevsky J.N., Gaidar A. V., Lypskti A.I., Tubachnyi L.Ya., Tryshyn V.V. Microelements in Oils of Dnieper-Donets Oil-and-Gas Province Berlizov A.N., Berezovsky I.L, Hulkin I'.S., iQ VishnevskyJ.N.. OgurndnikA.I-., TryshytAJLli 213 Q16 Instrumental NAA of Rhenium and Osmium in Molybdenites of Aurum and Complex ore Deposits Berlizov A.N., LypskaA.L, OgoroUnik A.F., Tryshyn V.V.. Vishnevsky I.N 215 Study of the MGAl' Applicability to Accurate Isotopic Characterization of Uranium Samples Berlizov A.N., Trydiyj' J • f 1 216 Modern Problems of Nuclear Hnergctics Cherkasov A.S. 218 The Con Fuel Concentration of Light - Producing Reactor (LPR) Cherkasov A.S. 221 Application of TDPAC Technique in Radiopharmaceutical Designing ShpinkovaL.G.. NikitinS.M. 223 Electric Quadrupole Interactions of wRu in CeRii2 and LaRu2 Ryasny O.K., Komissarova B.A., Shpinkova /,.(/'.. So/ok in A. A., Golubem A.S., Nikitin S.M., Tsvyashchenko A.V., Fomichova 1..N. 224 Human Hair Composition in Environment Monitoring and Mapping ZhakLI., DuuhvaE.A., Yashina T.Yu., KisiA.A 225 Neutron Activation Analysis of Phosphate Fertilizers Kist A.A., Zhuk LI, Danilova E.A 226 Radiochemical Technology of Exti action of Cyclotron Radioisotope Cd-109 and Making X-Rays Sources on its Basis . Irzumanov A.A., Sychikov G.I., Knyazev A.M., Gorodisskaya N.M., 297 ZheliovD.A.. iaurbaeva T.I., Kartashov Y.I'. Application of NAA and (n, f)-Radiography for Assessment of Environment Pollution Due to Industrial Activity BtrtmanKB., EiiZ laskhvA., Tsipin V.Z., Tillaev I'.S. 227 0 { 22 Effect of Gamma-Radiation on Structure-function Characters of Mitochondrial Genome of Cotton GamutM. IJ-Mctabteb. l.bra^cmov A, B 228 Prioritizing Options for Countering Nuclear Smuggling Stanley A. Erickson 229 Advanced Technologies for Radiation Detection Dougan A.IX, Labov S. 230 Sti dy of Osmium -19J Ion Extraction with Derivatives of5-S-Alkil-3-Fenil-l,3,4Tiadi Sorption Extraction of Gold from Ammonium Solutions Atkmiyazov N.M., KhudayUr^enov 11. 23 I Extraction of Gold from Iron-Bearing Products Ailaniyazov N.M., Kakhmunov./., Ibakova U,, Khudaybergenov if. 232 Seasonal - Spring Changes of Kadon Volumetric Activity in an Atmosphere of the Tashkent Subway 233 Akimov V.A.. I'inokuruva L.M., Minuhmedova NM. The Specialized System of Internet-Caching of Nuclear - Ph> jics Information Artanc/mikov V.I., Gurvich L.G., Tilhev T.S., Rukhmaiov N.L 235 0 Creation of Problem and Subject Oriented Code Electronic Intelligent Databases in Uzbekistan Arifov P. f'., Imamov E.Z., Sufarova S.A.. Mirzuimikhanmfav H. 0j, Uratova N.O., Mukhanwdjanov N.Z., Ntirmatov Q.S. Neutron - Radiation Method for Determination of Mixture Component Concentrations JlA., Kurbanvv H.I 237 Dependence of Au Ion Extraction Efficiency on Extractor Structure and Acidity of Elements Environment Babge^Ji.M_, Dalimov O.N., GafurovuR.N.. Kudirova DM, 238 ()\$\ 0 JiubaevN.B., DjurarvZ.Y. Radio-Nuclides in Natural Objects of the Chatkal Biosphere Reserve t Ugi'vishJi ''odiaevJiJL, Dorofeev A.A., Inoyatov A.Kh., Mutninov I.T., Mukhamedov A.K., Hashuiova D.Sh., Safarov A.N., 239 Kholbaov /., Khudoyberdie* A An Application of Resonance Nuclear Reactions I4N (p,y) And IJN (p,oy) f >r the Determination of an Isotopic Composition of Nitrogen Fertilizers BaktybaevM.K,, Burminskij V.l\, Hurtebaev N., Burtebaeva D. T., 240 IlhiKkhyy.t Kadyrzhanov K.K., Zarifov R.A., Zazulin DM. 23 Radiochemical Bases of Gallium-68 Generator fyamediey S.Kh., Khujaev S. 241 Pilot-Commercial Complex for X-Ray - Rudiomctric Sorting of Gold Suifide ore of Kokpatas Deposit Novikov V. V., Protun N.I., Er*mL>lAM, Eil V.S 242 Zinc Content Measurement in Organs of Rats with Experimental Diabetes by Activation Analysis AnA.R. lsaevEI., Ergashova M.J.. Zliuk LI, Sautov T.S. 243 Prospects for Application of Nuclear Physics Methods of Control in an Integrated Mining and Upgrading Process for Phophorite Ore Inosemlsev S. B., Fedyamn S.N. 244 Radiation-Ecological Aspects or Uranium In-Situ Leaching TolstovE.A., tirulsinov I'.A.l InuzemlsevS.B. 245 Electronic Nuclear-Physics Terminological Dictionaries and Thesaur Aiumchfukov V.I., QyryichJA}^ Pukttov I).IX, Tilhtcv T.S., UmarulievA.T. 246 INP NNC RK Members Scientific Publication Database Burlebaevy., lleusurova R.H 247 Determination of 223Rn Contents in Natural Waters by Scintillation Method InoyatovA.Kh., DarvishkluxJjacv /'., Mttminov I. /'., Mukhameitov A.K., T * Rashiitova'D.Sh., SafarovA.N., Kholbaev/., KhuJoyberUiev A 247 0 H' Technology of Preliminary Enrichment of Low-Grade ore of Lead-Zinc Deposites Kuchersky N.I., Tolstov E.A., Aranovich V.L, Mazurkevich A.P., InozennsevS.to.. KuntselA.V. 249 On the Question of Parameters of Neutron Activation Analysis and Character of Chemical Elements Distribution in Natural Objects Khalamov Sh., Tillaev '/!. Pulatov P.P.. JumamunUov A., Ibragimov B., 250 Osinskaya S.C., Rakhmunova T. The Continuous Monitoring of a Background Gamma-Radiation in the Institute Industrial Platform RadyukR.1., Kadyrov V.N.. Kochetkov V.A 250 The Automated Set-Up for Contiguous Monitoring of a Radiatiion Background ]'uldashev B. S., Karimov Yu.N.. Kozmenko A.V., Peirenko V.P., 251 PodkovirifiA. /., RemeevA.Sh.,_ShipilovN.N., ChekinA.V. Radiochemical Diagnostics of Radionuclides Migration Through Sewage Water Cleaning from Carcinogenic Sorption Admixtures on Mont.norrilonit at PO "Tajiktekstil" Khamiitov B.O., AI Baliha Avad Salim Al Saleh, Satomov J.A., Sultonbekov G Digital Autoradiography: Possibilities and Applications Khamrayeva Delani S. 253 Nuclear Physical Methods in Ec<"»auio^eii«:ln*miral Investigations ihL, Til law I, Suvanovm., Pulntovd.l)., Jmmimuraiov A 253 Element Composition of EISEN1A FOETIDA Khojiahmeduv G., Nalbandyan A.A., Ibragmuiva E.A., Habaev T.A., Samarhodjueva N.R., Nazirovu L.R 254 Sorption Extraction of Rhenium from Ammoniac Solutions Khudaybergenoy U.. Yuldashcva K. T., Tajibayev I). Yu 255 Radioactivation Determination of tion and Cobalt nn Nickel Oxide ~ Khudaybargenov (!., Yuldashcva K. T., Hylov A.A., Khodicv Yu., Karimkulov />. Yu.. . 255 8 V> > ^ Development of Technology for Carrier Free l()J Pd Production from Rhodium Wire Gulamov J.R., RyfovA, A.. Yuldashev H.S., Khudaybergcnov //.. Yuldasheva K. T.. Khotliev Yu., Tudjibaev D.iu 256 Extraction of Raie Earth Elements by Petroleum SulfoxiJes S.. Mamuikuzuhi A. Kh 257 The Optimization of 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-Dioxin Labelling by Thermally Activated Tritium Kim A.A., Djuraeva G. T., Ta'hiobinK.S. 258 « Behaviour of Selenium Impurity During Tellurium Eiectrodepositing Kim G.N., Nurbaeva I)., Rakhmanov A 259 The Radiation Condition of Environment Around the Institute of Nuclear Physics in Year 2000 Radyuk R.J., Vdovina E.1X, Jalalovu S., Kadyrov V.N., Koyhelkov V.A.t Zyamuluunedov A 260 Kazakhstan Project for Material Science Using Synchrotron Radiation Kadyrzhanov K.K., Kozhnkhmetov S.K.. Turkebaev I.E. 260 The Investigation of Physic-Chemical forms of Toxic Metals by Activation Analysis Kulmalov R.A., KenjaevJX, Umbarov i, Tillatv Kh., No, murudov H 262 The Neutron Radiation Dev;ce for Determination of Element Contents Aripuv G.A., Kurbanov B.I. 263 0 EPA Diagnostic in Medicine and Biology and Education of the Experts in the Field of Medical Physics in Uzbekistan ArifovP.U., Inuunov E.Z., Kuilumuradov O.B., Mukhamedjanov N.Z., Nurmatov Q.S. 25 Investigation of the Opportunity to Apply Microwave Field or ore Preparation Processes in Production of Gold ami other Metais Kulesnik I'.iJ., Laiysficv I'.!.., Suthirov < i. Vnisova E. V., Khvan A.II. Yuhlushev H.S 265 Determination of Cesium- 137 Radioactive Pollution in Soils by Means of y-Specirometry Mamalkulov OH., Muhamcdov A.K., Rashidova D.Sh., Safurov A.N. 266 Study of Rare Earth Elements Sorption by Phosphoi organic Resins ^ Markelova E.A., Khujaev S., Sultunov A 268 0 H 3 Determination of mSn Yield in the :'*U (y. 0 Reaction for Radioactive Nuclear Beams Production %iaslov P.P.. Oganessiun Yu.l's., Dnulnev S.N., Rassuuov D.N., SabebtikovA.V., HelovA.(i., NovgonniovA.I'. 269 Physical Background of the Radionuclide Diagnostics and Therapy A/.,-, sevich K.S., Rtisicv R.A 269 Study on Effect of Gamma-lnadiation on Structural-Functional Alterations in Rat Liver Nuclear Membrane Kiirakhmaditv A.K.. Mirkhamuiuvu I'. . 270 Effect of Colostrums lactor on Structure and Functional Activity of Liver Nuclei of Irradiated Pregnant Rats and the.r Embryos Mirkhamidova P.. Mirakhmedov A.K., Khumidov D.Kh 270 Influence of Secondary Excitation in X-Ray Analysis of Some Alloys Mirsagatova A.A.. Mukhamedshtna N.M., Zinov'cv I'd 271 Investigation of Chromium Sorption by Inorganic Sorbents on the Basis of Meial I lydrated Oxides Khujaev S., Mirzaeva N.A.. Markelova E.A 272 Triton Activation Analysis Based on the cLi(n,4He)T Nuclear Reaction Mukhammedov S. 273 Evaluation and Forecast of Radionuclide Activity in Phosphorite Concentrates of Kyzylkum Phc jphorite Complex and Phosphorus Fertilizers Manufactured on their Base 273 Tolstov E.A., Inozemtsev S.B., Silkin A.A., Muranov V.G. Software-Programmable Complex for a Truck by Truck X-Ray-Radiometric Sorting Gold Sulfide ore of Kokpatas Deposit Zin'ko N.A., Erernin AM., Rudnev S.V., Nemschenko E. V., isuppinger A.A 274 Preparation of Carrier-Free "lmCd Nikidn S.M.. Sorokin A.A., Ryasny (}.K., llhpirkovaLG., GolubevaA.S., Komissarova B.A., Musiqfm N.R 275 26 Radiometric Methods for Sorting of Mixed Sulphide Gold Ore Muzuikevich A. l\, ltip:_cmlsniS._K, Kitnt.sel A.V., Zamyslov A. H., 1'olapov H.A 277 The Definition of Ratios of the Flux Densities of the Thermal and Resonance Neutrons from Cf-252 Source Hakiev S.A., RttkhmaHwJ^ 277 Study of Microelement Content in Hair of Healthy Children in Samarkand Region Rasulov S.K. 279 Computer Analyzer for Radiation Monitors of the i Nil* Yuldashev B.S., Kunmov Yu.N., I'eirenko V.I)., Renmy-AJih^Shipilov N.N. 279 01 O'J Generation of Paramagnetic Complexes in the Process of Meta! Salt Adsorption by Carbonized Materials Ryabikin Yu.A., Maitsurova R.M., Zashkvam O.V, Mansurov Z.A.; Zhylybaeva N.K Cross-Sections for the Radionuclides Production in the Heavy Rlement Targets Irradiated with Intermediate Pn^ryy Protons at the Moscow Meson Factory , ,;,- r- Ryabov Yu.V. ; . .'". .'..'. 281 Ol * ' •> State of a Neutron-Activation Analysis of High Pure Materials in Institute Nuclear Physics AS RU Sa'tikov I.I. 282 On-Line and Informative Nuclear - Physical Methods of Manufacturing Process Control . ~ Saltarov (}., Latyshev V.li, 'Kadirov /•'., Muzzufarov A., Kist A.A 284 v Determination of the Tissue Binding with Tritium Labelled insulin in the Patients with Diabetes Mellitus S/iaiiHinsurova Z.M.. Kim A.A., Aklntrov Z.S., Nornnikhamcilbvit N.l\, Djunwva Ci. /'., AkhnwdovuM 285 Technological Nuclear instrument-Making and Global Civilization of the XXI Century Aminova R.H., Arifov P.U., Imamov K.Z., Safarova S.A., Gulumov S.S., Sherimtkhamcdov A. 'I'., Mirlazcwv P.M.. Nurttiatov Q.S. 285 "— The Control of Movement of Radioactive Materials and Radioactive Contamination at INP AS RU and Objects' Entrance Posts Yuldnshev B.S., Karimov Yu.N., Koz'menko A.V.,J>etn'nko V.D., 2«7 Q If r)n Podkovyrin A.I, RadyukR.I, Remeev A.Sh., ShjjnJi>v_NJ}L Chekin A.V. J ;' (4He, X.>) Reaction for Mll"Cd Produciion Siarodub (i.'Ya., DmithevS.N., NovgorodovA.F., Lebedev A.N., FitosofovDA 288 0)j ^ The Information - Analytical Database on the Element Contents of Natural Objects Gurvich L.G., Tillaev T.S.r Umaralicv AT. 288 27 Radon Measurements by SSNTD at Different (eometry of Experiment I.it Z, i'a\ish>Y-A-J. lupin I.Z., lillacv T.S., Akimov \ A 289 » Experimental Study of Plutonium Isotope Nuclear Transformation in Post-Chernobyl Period VonmuP.M, MwavytskyA.I'.. Ruzhuday !'/• 2X9 Primary Cioals of Radiation Control /urcJitiov I)./{._, Allacva H.M., (iiyasova A/..A/ 290 Retrospective E^SR- Dosimetry of Soils, Irradiated by Do/es lip to I Mrad J'tvouirov S., Ruchin A.. Zhdanov A, 291 Study of Osmium Concentrating Conditions from Nitrate and Sulphate Solutions Using Osmium 185 and Osmium - 191 292 Zlwniyk'y .4.x Karimkulov I)., Rizacvu S'I., Rukhimov Kh., Miruwva M. Sorption of Osmium from Nitrate and Sulfatc Solutions on the Up-14 Kr lonite Zhuri jcyA., (iiuiiev A., liizacva Sir, Karimkulov P., liukhtmov Kh., htirzacva hi. 293 Analysis of Radioactive Background Spectrum AkJinicJoxa (}., Jsiikulov !'.., htukhamimuioyn />., OmutiovSh., i)iminovct li. 294 Radioactivity of Mollusks in the Zaravshan River Basin AkhniL'Jovn (i., Izzatulhtev Z, lioymuroilov II., lsnkul>v I:. 294 T) ) ^Q fA Determination of Radon Content in Atmosphere by y-Spectroscopy Method Akhnwdova (j., h-lumulov /., Khitshmuroilov Sh., Isukulov T. 295 Q'tylf)' Determination of Accumulation Degree of Radionuclides in Plants Akhmedova (/., Isukiilov /.., Khujunoui IX 295 Specialized Analog Processor for the Installation Nur Kalinin YttAi., Martyunov I.S., Sudykuv T.Ku., Tashimoy h-l.A., Za.strozhnova N.N. . . 296 On a Mechanism of Visual Sensation Originating at a Passage of Heavy Charged Particles Through an Eye lx'bcdev V.M., Spassk) A.I'., Tmkiuinov K.A., Zak I'.l'., i'cdorovich I.H., iicudcmiciun Ostrovsky M.A., Hrindikova I.A International Nuclear Information System and National Centre of IN1S in Uzbekistan as a Useful Instrument in Resolving Modern Problems of Nticlears Physics * SalimovM.I ?f)o Q )'\ | U Advertising 299 Author Index 315 28 MPNP'Ol Section I Particles and Nuclei UZ0201657 Section I. Panicles and Nuclei DECAYS OF B MESONS TO 0 MESONS PLUS OTHER PARTICLES AND OTHER RECENT RESULTS FROM CLEO Wilson Richard Harvard I hiivcrsily for the CLEO collaboration ! will present results for a number of decays of B mesons to 0 mesons plus other panicles. The 0 mesons are detected and pleasured by the decay into two electrons or two u mesons with little background. The low background makes the decays very suitable for a detailed study of mechanisms and comparison with theories Results will be presented for the spectrum and polarization of 0 in B -> 0 + X and for several other decay channels There exists no completely satisfactory theory for their description. In addition, the results of the latest analyses being completed in July 2001 will be presented. These will include measurement of B -> 2 particle channels such as B -> BB, B - - KB and B -:- KK and limits on several others The latest results on the measurements of elements of the KM matrix, Vuii and Vti, will also be presented. UZ0201658 PROBLEMS OF MACROSCOPIC ELECTRODYNAMICS AND GRAVITATION IN GENERAL RELATIVITY Ahmedov B.J. Institute of Nuclear Physics, Uzbekistan Academy of Science, Tashkent, Uzbekistan The general relativistic Ohm's law for the conduction current where the gravitoniagnetic terms are incorporated has been applied to predict a new galvano-gravitomagnetic effect, which is \he gravitational analog of the Hall effect and takes piace when a current carrying conductor is placed in a gravitoniagnetic field. In connection with this galvano- gravitomagnetic effect, the possibility of using current carrying conductors for detecting the Lense-Thirring field of the Earth was explored. The general retativistic formula for charge distribution inside conductors has been derived from the Maxwell equations with the help of constitutive relations The measurements of the general relativistic effect of charge redistribution inside conductors which car be performed within a conductor in the presence of gravitational field of a slow rotating metric source and an applied magnetic field both are proposed It is shown that due U the interplay between the gravi'omagnetic and electric fields, the magnetic field can be induced by electric one in the stationary axially-symmetric metric of a slow rotating massive body However it follows from the general relativistic electrodynamics 31 Section I. Particles ;md Nuclei that superconducting quantum interferometers could not detect the gravitomagnetism since they measure the. quantity including the sum of electric and magnetic fields, and the general- relativistic magnetic part will be totally canceled by the electric one which is in agreement with the experiments. The appearance of general-relativistic contribution to the magnetic flux through a superconducting thermoelectric bimetallic circuit is shown A response of the Josephson junctions to a heat flow is investigated in the general-relativistic framework. Some gravitothermoelectric etTects which can be observed in the superconducting state in the earth's gravitational field are considered. Analytic solutions of Maxwell equations in the internal and external background space- time of a slowly rotating misaligned magnetized neutron star have been obtained. With respect to a flat space-time solution, general relativity introduces corrections related both to the monopolar and the dipolar parts of the gravitational field. In particular, in the case of infinite electrical conductivity general relativistic corrections due to the dragging of reference frames are preseni, but only in the expression for the electric field. In the case of finite electrical conductivity, however, corrections due both to the space-time curvature and to the dragging of reference frames are shown to be present in the induction equation, which could be re'evant for the evolution of the magnetic fields of pulsars and magnetars. Electrostatic plasma modes along the open field lines of a rotating neutron star and Goldreich-Julian charge density in general relativity are analyzed for the-neutron star with zero inclination. It is found that the charge density is maximum at the polar cap and it remains almost the same in certain extended region of the pole. For a steady state Goldreich-Julian charge density the usual plasma oscillation along the field lines are found; plasma frequency resembles to the gravitational redshift close to the Schwai/.child radius. The nonlinear plasma mode along the field lines is studied. From the system of equations under general relativity, a second order differential equation is derived. The equation contains a term which describes the growing plasma modes near Schwarzchild radius in a black hole environment The term vanishes with the distance far away from the gravitating object. For initially zero potential and field on the surface of a neutron star, Goldreich-Julian charge density is found to create the plasma mode, which is enhanced and propagates almost without damping along the open field lines. The equations that describe the electromagnetic processes in a plasma surrounding a neutron star are obtained by using the general relativistic form of Maxwell equations in a geometry of slow rotating gravitational object. A nvw mechanism of the generation of azimuthal current under the gravitomagnetic effect on radial current in a plasma around neutron star is predicted. The azimuthal current being proportional to the Lense-Thirring angular velocity can give valuable contribution on the evolution of the stellar magnetic field in some cases and therefore in general relativity a rotating neutron star, embedded in plasma, can in principle generate axial-symmetric magnetic fields even in axisymmetry. The influence of the general-relativistic effects on charge distribution inside neutron star is investigated. The qualitative distinction of space charge distribution inside conducting crust from that inside superconducting core allows us to propose a possible mechanism of radio- wave radiation produced inside pulsar. A possibility of modeling this radiation in laboratory experiments in rotating frame of reference is analyzed. UZ0201659 _Scclion_l_._Piifticlc& and Nuclei PRESENT TIME NUCLEAR REACTION STUDIES AT LOW ENERGIES; NUCLEAR ASTROPHYSICS Artemov S.V., Kim G., Yarmukhamedov R. Institute ofNuclear Physics Uzbekistan Academy of Science, Tashkent, Uzbekistan The following questions are under consideration: • Some problems in obtaining of realistic spectroscopic and structure information from nuclear reaction study at the energies < 20 MeV/nucleon (theory approaches and experiment) • Modern tasks in nuclear astrophysics (connected \Vith nucleosynthesis.in stars and at the earliest stage of Universe evolution) and a significance of the information obtained from nuclear reaction study for them to be solved" The results of the investigations of INP scientists in this direction will be presented (as well as works in collaboration with another nuclear physics centers) UZ0201660 NEUTRON SCATTERING FOR APPLIED AND FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH Aksenov V.L. Frank luiboratory of Neutron Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna. Russia The use of neutron scattering continuously evolves both in traditional arid new fields. Given the enormous impact of new materials in technology, no end of this process can be foreseen Demand for neutron scattering keeps growing in physics, chemistry, and materials science. At the same time, diversification of neutrons into ah increasing number of scientific areas continues. .Examples are earth sciences, pharmaceutical sciences, biology and engineering. Both applied and fundamental aspects are covered in all these fields of research. In the given survey we discuss some new possibilities for neutron scattering experiments in materials and engineering sciences and fundamental physics on the base of recent instrumentation developments is some Russian nuclear research centers. UZ0201661 EFFECTS OF HIGH ORDERS IN NUCLEAR PROCESSES Vishnevsky I.N., Davydovskaya O.I. Institute for Nuclear Research, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine A short review of nuclear process studies in the Institute for Nuclear Research of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine is given. Among them studies of anomalies in 33 Section I. Panicles and Nuclei electron inner conversion coefficients, effects of elastic and inelastic election bridge, excitation of nuclei at positron annihilation, influence of external irradition on the isomer level discharge rate are noted Prioritative results are obtained in double beta-decay research Study of such rare processes requires creation of special high-sensitive installations and development of new methods which enlarge considerably the possibilities of nuclear experiment A conclusion is made about the importance of such research for determination the nature of nucleus-atom interactions, neutrino mass etc. UZ0201662 THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN INVESTIGATION OF NUCLEAR REACTIONS WITH THE CHANNELED ION BEAMS IN CRYSTALS Takibaev N. Zh. Institute of Nuclear Physics, NNC liK, Almaly, Kazakhstan The nuclear interactions of light ions channeled inside crystal are considered. The technique of crossing particle beams is developed quite well, especially, for the high-energy range. The phenomenon of fast-ion channeling in crystals is well known, being thoroughly studied. U is of interest to combine these phenomena, i.e to consider the crossing channeled light nuclei beams inside a crystal. It means investigation of properties of the crystal and its radiation as well as the effects of the ordered structure medium impact on the excitation processes and re-grouping compound systems, in particular, light ions. If a crystalline body .is placed at the accelerated ion beam path, then, the effect of particle channeling to the crystal depth can occur. It may be under some definite conditions (crystal properties, the particle energy and the angle of its incidence on a crystal, etc.). In this case particles move through with minimal energy losses along the crystal axis or plane." Here the effect of channeled particle beam focusing is significant, and it can be considered as a chance to enhance efficiency of interaction of the crossing channeled particle beams in a crystal. The medium of ordered structure (crystal) and the beam of accelerated light ions are proposed to be used for stimulation of the fusion reactions as well as for investigation of the effects of energy generation. Experiments can be implemented both at the light-ion crossing beams channeled in a crystal (for instance, for reaction d + / -»w+4//t'+ 17.6 MeV or d -v V/c? -> p + xHe + 18.3 MeV with using beams of (/-particles and iH or iHe) and at the direct beam and target nuclei, preliminary implanted in a crystal to a fixed depth. For the last case the following reaction is possible, d + "/,/—» a + a + 22 A MeV. Reactions of excitation of ions having abnormally large, efficient radii are of special interest. Opportunity for generation of particle beams in anomalous states is urgent and attractive too. Takibayev N.Zh., Doklady NAS RK, 2000, N 5, p. 34 34 Section 1. Particles and Nuclei ROLE OF cr- MESON IN po->7rVy DECAY Gokalp A., Yjlmaz O, Physics Department, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey Radiative decays of vector mesons have been a subject of continuous interest both theoretically and experimentally Among these decays, the ones that do not involve bremsstrahlung radiation, although consequently they have small branching ratios, offer the possibility of investigating new physics features about the interesting mechanisms involved in these decays. A particularly interesting mechanism is the one involving the exchange of a-meson. The existence of a-meson has long been controvertial, but a direct experimental evidence seems to emerge from Df—>o7t—>3TT decay channel observed by the Fermilab (E791) collaboration {!]. Since a-meson is a relevant hadronic degree of freedom, its role in hadronic processes must be studied. We calculated the decay rate for the decay pu ->7tVV previously [2] by employing a phenomenological approach by considering a-pole and co-pole as well as the charged pion- loop amplitudes However, the decay rate we obtained is linger than the new experimental result reported by the Novosibirsk group [3] due to latge and constant p—»ay amplitude. In this work, we reanalyze the role of a-meson in this decay. We reconsider p->oy amplitude from the point of view of Linear Sigma Model [4], and we also study the possibility that a-coupling is induced at the one-loop level. The results we obtain improve our earlier conclusions and make them consistent with the experimental results. References: 1. E.M. Aitala et a). (E791 collaboration), Phys. Rev. Lett. 86 (2001) 770. 2. A. Gokalp, O. Yilmaz, Phys. Lett. B508 (2001) 25. 3. M.N. Achasov et al.\ JETP Lett. 71 (2000) 355. 4. A. Bramon et al., hep-ph/0105179. UZ0201664 NUCLEAR DATA RELATED TO REACTORS Haas Bernard Centre d 'Eludes Nucle'aires de Bordeaux B.P. 120 - Le Haul Vigmiau- 33175 Gradignan, France Approximately eighty percent of french electricity is from nuclear origin. Associated with this generation of electricity a substantial amount of radiative waste is also produced. At Bordeaux, we have developed a program of cross section measurements for neutron induced reactions with energies ranging from a few MeV to 3 MeV. This program is part of a general french program concerning the problem of nuclear waste management. In my talk, I will present the french situation concerning radioactive waste produced by the park of reactors, the various research programs involving people from the french national research council and focus on the program of the laboratory CENBG. 35 UZ0201665 Section I. Particles and Nuclei BINDING ENERGY AND LIFETIMES OF THE LIGHT HYPERNl'CLEl "Afanasicv S.V., "Aksincnko V.I)., "Avramenko S.A., "Anikina iXl.Kh., "Anisiniov Yu.S., \\tanasov I., "Bazylev S.N., "Belikov Yu.A., "Bontlarcv V.K., "Borodin S.V., bDimhrov 1... 'Evlanov M.V., 'Galpenn A.C.. ''Gcorgiev C, "Golokhvastov A.I., "lsupov A.Yu., blvanov I.Ts., "Khorozov S.A., "Khrcnov A.N., "'Khusainov E.K., "Kiriilov A.D., "Kolesnikov V.I., 'Koiidratiev V.P.,' Krastiov L.V., JLitviiicnko A.G., "Luksiins J./Lyubosliitz L.V.. "Malakliov A.I., "Mnnyakov P.K., "Matyushevsky E.A., "Matyushin V.T., "Miguliua I.I., "Nikiforov A.S., JNurgo/tu» N.N., "Okhrimenko O.V., "Pariciiov A.N., JPCHCV V.N., 'Reznikov S.G., "Kukoyatkin P.A., ''Riisanov I., "Saitov I.S., ''Skhlovskaya A.I., ''Shukov N., "Smirnov V.A., 'Sokolov A.M., 'Stepanov I.V., r'l"aran G.G., "Tyatyiishkina O.Yu., ''Vankov I. "Joint Institute for 'uclcar Research, Uubno, Russia '' Institute for Nuclear Research and Auc'ear Energy, HAS, Sofia, Bulgaria ' Institute for Nuclear Research, UNAS, Kiev, Ukraine ''Physical Technical Institute, Ml'IS, Ahnaty, Kazakhstan ' St.-I'etershurg Stale (University, St.-I'elershurg, Russia ' P.N.l.eheciev Institute oj J'hysics, RAS, Moscow, Russia Hypcrnuclei have been investigated (production and decays) in our previous experiment in the Dubna synchrophasotron beams (Nucl Phys A 547 (1992) p 95). The experiments were interrupted due to a low data collection rate The beams of new accelerator Nuclotron allow one to increase the collection rate by a factor of 10 or more Additional improvement by a factor of 40 will be obtained using proportional ch;unbcrs instead of the streamer chamber. Therefore hypernuclcar lifetimes can be measured with an accuracy of 3-5 ps, which significantly improves the results of the previous experiments In the proposed experiment, hypeinuclei with momentum of several GeV/c will be produced. This implies that hypernuclei decay at a distance of the order of 20-30 cm from the production point. Thus, it is feasible to investigate hypenmclear interactions with different absorbers. In case of hypertriton, this method allows one to estimate binding energy of A. UZ0201666 THE MECHANISM OF REACTIONS 90>wZr,MMo(p,px), (p,dx) MEASURED AT Ep = 30.3 MeV Blechntan A.M., Puisebayev A., lsinailov K.M. Institute of Nuclear Physics, National Nuclear Center, Republic of Kazakhstan I'he working out concept of pre-equilibrium decay mechanism in nuclear reactions which reflects dynamics of formation and evolution of the excited system to equilibrium state remains actual problem of nuclear reactions theory. The solution of this problem is in completeness of experimental information about twice differential cross sections of reactions, which weigh heavily in applied investigations, which are bounded with problem of hybrid nuclear energy plant creation. Inclusive spectra of protons and deuterons emitted from proton induced reactions on "' *~Zr and ""Mo isotopes at Ep-3O.35±O.l5MeV in angular range 15-150° with the step 15° Section I. Particles and Nuclei have been measured on isochronous cyclotron U-150M of Institute of Nuclear Physics, fn these experiments the self-supporting isotopic enriched (95% and 97 %) foils of''' Zr and ''2Mo (95%) with thickness of 2.13mg/cm . O.8mg/cm2 and O.5lmg/cm2 respectively have been used. The three-detector telescope system (AEI-AEJ -AE>) have been used with the purpose to get the maximum energy range of the registration of secondary particles. The thickness of detectors are as follows: AEi is 50 microns (silicon surface-barrier), AE2 is 300 microns (silicon surface-barrier);. E.i is 25000 microns (Csl(Ti) scintillalor). Solid angle subtended by of telescope of detectors was equal to £1=2.9*10' sr ±1%. The energy calibration has been performed with the use of discrete levels of residua! nuclei formed in reactions on I2C and with use of recoil protons emitted from polyethylene target Total energy resolution of spectrometer was measured equal to 0 8 MeV and was contributed from disperse of primary beam (* 300 keV) from resolution of Csl(Tl) detector (* 600 keV) and (*400 keV) for AEixALvj coincidence. Secondary protons were measured from threshold Ep ^2.5 MeV up to * 30 MeV and deutrons - (2,5 f-20) MeV. In the fiamework of exciton model of pre-equilibrium decay [1,2] spectra of multi-step direct (MSD) and compound (MSC) processes [3J for (p,px) (p,dx) reactions on y"'y2Zr,92Mo have been calculated. The configuration (IpOh) have been chosen as initial for (p.,px) reactions and (2plh) for (p.dx) ones. Single particle level density was calculated as g-A/13 rsorn comparison of experimental and calculated double-differential spectra at 30° it follows that main contribution in the experimental cross section is due to MSD reaction mechanism. It is also shown that evaporated part of cross-section is underestimated in framework of used version of exciton model It can be explained that used master equation approach gives only pre-equilibrium p;?rt of MSC process,' so the emission from complex equilibrium configuration of composite system is not considered The analysis of experimental integral spectra was made within Hauser-Feshbah theory with multi particles emission (p, pn), (p, pa). (p,pd) and quantum mechanics theory with contribution of statistical direct and compound processes (program EMPIRE) /1-2/. Density of levels was approximated by Hilbert-Kameron parameterization 131. It was shown that the shape of integral spectra and absolute cross sections of reaction (p, xp) can be reproduced well enough by these approaches whereas is not allowed to get in reaction (p, xd). The cross section of nuilti step compound processes is less by order of magnitude than contribution of multi step direct mechanisms in reaction (p, xp) and is greater by four order of magnitude in reaction (p, xd). In this connection, additional calculations were made within exciton mode! of pre- equilibrium decay by program PRECO-D2 /4-6/.The twice differential and integral cross sections were calculated. The configuration (lpOh) was taken as an initial. The parameters of level densities were calculated by parameterization a- —. The satisfactory description of twice differential cross sections were obtained both for reaction (p, xp) and for reaction (p,xd). Some difference between theory and experiment is observed in soft part of the spectra. Obviously it is connected with neglecting of multi particles emission in code PRECO-D2. References 1 T Tamura, T. Udagawa and H. Lenske, Phys. Rev. C26 (1982) 379 2. M. Herman, G. Reyo and HA. Weidenmulier, Nucl.Phys A536 (1992) 124 EMPIRE v2.13. Private communication. 3. A. Gilbert and A.G.W. Cameron, Can. J. Phys 43(1965) 1446 4. C. Kalbach. Phys. Rev. C 23 (1981) 124 5. C. Kalbach and F. M. Mann, Phys. Rev. C 23 (1981) 112 6. C. Kalbach, Phys. Rev. C 25 (1982) 3 197 37 Section t. Particle* and Nuclei UZ0201667 UNUSUAL SPATIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF GAMMA-FAMILIES AT THE SUPERHIGH ENERGIES E«~10I6eV Yultlashbaev T.S. Physical-Technical Institute of I kbekistan Academy of Sciences, Tashkent, Uzbekistan For the understanding of the observed unusual phenomena in Cosmic Rays is of great interest to study the correlation of alignment X and anisotropy a parameters with different gamma family spatial characteristics, the dependence of exotic events appearance on primary ; energy in the region of Eu = 4-100 PeV. These parameters are defined by following expressions: a = XCos2ei, / iiy ;nv-l), where n-r is number of family particles, E^ is angle between projections ofi-th and j-th panicles in azimutha! plane. 0 < e,, •" K. i ? j A value of a ,,MS - 1 is reached for ; k coplanar events and a •-- 0 for the isotropic distribution of azimuthal angles. A,, - ICos2 AN>. is number of aligned families. N is number of events in given energy region, Nf> is number of event with p > 0.3. 20 PeV 40 PeV 0J2±O03_ JU0±0.05. O24±a0i 0.17±0.02 _0;I4±0.02_ ao6±o,QL ._0.08±0.0.\ 0U5±O:O4_ O.O8±O.O1 0.0710.02 0 06T0.02 As one can see from table, at the energies of Ec,t above JO PeV considerable excess of experimental "unusual" events and aligned families between events with large p > 0.3 in Comparison with model is observed. At that fraction of aligned families between "unusual" events PUI,' = AN> / ANun is much more in experiment (0.22 ± 0.08), than in MCO-model (0.07 ± 0.03) at the energies Eu.s, - 40 PeV. UZ0201668 INELASTIC CHARGE-EXCHANGE PROCESSES TEXA ? n\ + ... IN ENERGY REGION ABOVE 100 TEV Vnldnslibaev T.S., Nuritdinov Kh. Physical-Technical Institute of Uzbekistan Academy ofSciences. Tashkent, Uzbekistan Large difference in partial inelastic coefficient Kv ~- EE/Eo, (where XEy-energy of secondary quanta, Eo-primary energy) for pion-nucleus /TA and nucleon-nucleus NA interactions is explained by important role of charge-exchange processes. According to J obtained experimental data, the charge-exchange probability of n -mesons with Xi. - Ere, /Eo> 0.5 into 7t°i, W equals ~ 0.20 and remain almost constant in the energy region Eo = 7-400 GeV (LA. Didenko, 1973; S.A. Azimov, 1975; A.M. Abdullaev. 1982). It is supposed that majority of the family hadrons are ft'-mesons, while single hadrons consist of the nucleons mixed with - 30% 7c1-mesons at the mountain level/In charge- exchange processes TT'A ? 7t°i. + ... instead of charge pions appear leading 7c"i-mesons with J average Eno - 0.75 En energy. As a result in* the XREC films it will be produced a concentrate black spots analogous to shape created by gamma-quanta. On the other hand, black rfots created by hadrons in usual pionisation processes will have diffuse, structural shape In the paper it is proposed the method of distinguish dark spots created in Carbon Emulsion Chamber films by hadron in pionisations and charge exchange processes For that purpose it is necessary to perform the comparative analysis of dark spots distribution measured by different photometer diaphragm. It is considered gamma-hadron families and single hadrons registered in XREC of Pamir Collaboration with number of particles n ? 4 minimal energies y-quanta E y - 4 TeV. Value of darkness is obtained by expression: D = Ig (Io/I), where 1 is light flux after penetration through the dark spot, lo - one out of dark spot region. The dark spots in XREC films look irregular, with a large density gradient in radial direction darkness. In connection with, for the distinguish of "gamma-like", compactable, concentrated lo central part dark spots created by Y-quanta from structural, "hadron-like" spots it is proposed the parameter L = (IMO - Istj/lis, where I is light flux measured by diaphragm with radius r of 140, 84 and 48mm. When it is measured the light flux penetrating through "gamma-like" spots by the smallest diaphragm r = 48 mm, value of Us will be less than one penetrating through ring square limited by diaphragm 140mm and 84mm: S, =-'• Sno - S«4. In other case of "hadron-like" spots 39 Section !. Particles and Nuclei measurement the light fluxes penetrating through diaphragm with radius r - 48 U$ and through ring square Sr, I, will he not much differ with each other It is analysts gamma-hadron families with energies *£k, ^ 100-.100 TeV Electron- photon cascades with energies E,h > 4 TeV produced by hadrons correspond to hadron energy- b En > Er /Kv - 12 TeV, where Ky - 0.3 is effective partial inelasticity coefficient. It is considered the parameter L distributions for gamma-quanta, single hadrons and family hadrons. As one can see from obtained results, essential difference between the distributions of spots created by /-quanta and single hadrons are observed According these data the fraction of "gamma-like" spots with L - 1.0 for the single hadrons is less than for v- quanta. That is explained by large fraction of nucleus between single hadrons. which do not create the y-quanta in the charge-exchange processes. As the incident pious fraction between single hadron consist - 0 3 the traction of "gamma-like" events formed in charge-exchange processes (with probability W ~ 0.2) wiil be consist of- 6% for single hadrons. On the othet hand, for the family hadrons mainly consisting from rt -mesons the fraction of''gamma-like" spots created in exchange processes n A 1 x\, T will be much more than for single hadrons. The excess of such events consist of- 20% Considerable excess of !'gainma-like" dark spots created by family hadrons in the comparison with single one points to essential probability W - 0.2 charge-exchange processes at the energies E> = 10-100 TeV UZ0201669 FRAGMENTATION OF RELATIVISTS OXYGEN NUCLEI IN "'Op-INTERACTIONS AT THE CHARGE EXEXCHANGC E REACTIONS OF PROTON-TARGET Lutpiiilaev S.L., Lipiti V.D., Olimov K., Oliinov Kh.K., Yulclashev A.A., lYuldashev B.S. Physical- Technical Institute of SPA «Physics-Sun» of Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Tashkent, Uzbekistan 1 Institute of Nuclear Physics, Uzbekistan Academy of Science, Tashkent, Uzbekistan In paper, the results of investigation of oxygen nucleus l6Op fragmentation in collisions with a proton at the charge exchange reactions of target at 3 25 A GeV/c momentum are presented The experimental data were obtained on pictures from I-meter bubble chamber of LHE of JINR (Dubna, Russia) exposed at Dubna synchrophasotron. As charge exchange channels, events without formation of 7tx and protons having momentum p<2 Gev/c were chosen. It was obtained the necessity of presence of proton at the charge exchange reactions. The angular and momentum spectra have distinctive singularities, which point out that the overwhelming part of protons is the products of the initial fast stage of hadroii-nucleus collisions, i.e. of the intranuclear cascade The fragmentation channels, in whicli the charge of initial nucleus conserves at the multiply charged fragments, are also observed at the charge exchange reactions. In these chaniH the fragment charges are always even and the total number of nucleons is less than 16 The cross section of charge transfer, which is fulfilled by capturing of target charge by initial nucleus or its residue, from target to spectators is very small and accounts for less than ! % of an inelastic cross section of interactions of oxygen nuclei with a proton. Section I. Panicles and Nuclei ON THE PROPERTIES OF FAST POSITIVE SINGLY CHARGED NEUTRON-RICH FRAGMENTS, PRODUCED IN l6Op-INTERACTIONS AT HIGH ENERGIES Gulamov K.G., Lutpulluev S.L., Lipin V.D., Olintov K., Oliniov >h.K., Yuldashev A.A., 'YuUlashev B.S. Physical-Technical Institute of Si'A «l'hysics-Sun» of I Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Tashkent, Uzbekistan x Institute of Nuclear Physics. Uzbekistan Academy of Science. 'Tashkent, Uzbekistan In paper, the new experimental results on vield of fast neutron-rich hydrogen nuclei - "'H at interactions of oxygen nuclei with a proton at 3.25 A GeV/c momentum are presented. The experimental data were obtained from I-meter hydrogen bubble chamber of LHE of JINR (Dubna, Russia) exposed to a bean1 of rclativistic oxygen nuclei at Dubna synchrofasotron. There is a peak at the momentum spectrum of singly charged fragments at 9.75 GeV/c. which corresponds to formation of tritium nucleus But, in experiment, the more energetic fragments with momentum, P > 12 GeV/c, are also observed. It is impossible to consider them as fragments with A := 4, i.e. as 'H, because those nuclei are short-lived and one can not register them Of the total statistics of 11000 measured events, 11 singly charged fragments wiih momentum, P > 12 GeV/c, were found. Such fragments, in the oxygen rest frame, are ejected to back hemisphere and have momentum greater than 600 MeV/c, being cumulative There are clear correlations among the mean number of multiply charged fragments, proton- fragments, and mass of hydrogen isotopes. The greater extent of breakup of initial nucleus is observed in events with emission of the cumulative'H. UZ0201671 AUTOMATIZED DATA ANALYSIS IN HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS AbdurakhimovA.il. Department of Physics, Andijan S'.ite University, Uzbekistan One of the main recent problems of high energy physics is to analyse physical data on automatic level [1], Two versions of program complex are developed for analysis of experimental data [2]. Complex high automatized program systems have been used for geometric reconstruction and statistical analysis of events. Such system based on HYDRA, GEANT and HBOOK systems has been constructed and developed in JINR, Dubna. This system is used for study of hypernuclear and multiparticle processes, in particular, for calculation of the dependence of averaged number of fragments from the energy of particle bombarding nucleus-target. The investigations made in the framework of the different models of nuclei, for example fermi-gas, generalized, optical ones etc, shows slow increase of the number of nuclei-fragments in dependence of energy on bombarding particle. 1. Abdurakhimov AIL In: Proc. All-Union Seminar on Automatiz. Niicl. Phys., Protvino, 1986, p. 72-73. 2. Abdurakhimov A.U. et al. Preprint JINR, 1992, PI0-92-1. 41 Section I. Particles and Nuclei .... UZ0201672 ON A ROLE OF MECHANISMS OF A GIANT DIPOLE RESONANCE IN GENERATION OF DELAYING NEUTRONS IN EXTENSIVE ATMOSPHERIC SHOWERS 3Antonova V.P., 'Babaev M.K., 'Baigubekov A.S., 2Chubenko A.P., 'Dryii E.A., 4Kanashcvicli V.I., 5Mukashcv K.M., 'Sadykov T.Kh., 'Tashimov M.A. Zhardeinali N.B., 'Zastro/.hno\a N.N., '.Jushkov A.V. 'Physics- Technical Institute A7A.Y of Republic oj Kazakhstan, A/maty 2P.N. I.eheilcv Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow JInstitute of lonoshere ofMES of Republic of Kazakhstan, Almaly "Kazakh State I 'ntversiiy by Al-harabi '"Ahuaty State University by A bat In a number of experiments on research of hadron components of extensive atmospheric showers (EAS) with primary energy of ho -' 1O|S eV (Ne > 10" particles) the effect of delay of hadrons with respect to the front of HAS in time more than 500 m/sec is found. The experimental data are obtained on Tien Shan complex installation arranged at the altitude of 3340 meters above the sea levei. In the study the attempt of explanation of the mechanism of an exotic course of time- shared decay of intensity of neutrons for HAS with Ne - 10(> particles is undertaken. With this purpose the mechanism of formation of neutrons is reviewed at the expense of a giant dipole resonance with a maxiiuum at energies l() - 20 MeV. The neutrons, generatrix in these readings, have a continuous power spectrum from 0 till 20-30 MeV . The mean intensity of arising photoneutrons in an electrophotonic shower of a cosmic radiation irueach instant is determined by a ratio: where NA - is the number of nuclei of type A in 1 sm 2 of the area of an atmospheric layer This intensity is maximal, when the y-radiation reaches a maximum broad spectrum in some instant tm: nia\ It is ground of these approximated expressions the evaluation calculations of time sharing of relative photoneutron intensity are executed(made) during time of development and damping of the electrophotonic cascade in lead. On designed semiphenomenological description of process of a nuclear photoabsorption on the basis of collective model of a nucleus realised in the computing program TSGR, an.1 in the supposition of a Constance of a spectral concentration of a gamma-radiation in any interval of a gamma - spectrum the relation of bulk cross-sections of photoneutron nuclear reactions in any interval of a gamma - spectrum is counted. Unconditionally, the above-stated scheme is idealized, therefore we have experimental data on y-quanta of high energy of showers, following in a structure, have received an experimental power spectrum y - quanta at a level of observation (U "- 3340 m above the sea level). With this purpose the interactions with A> 10'5 eV with formation of a halo registered simultaneously in an ionization calorimeter and the X-ray-emulsion chamber were investigated. The processing of y-families with halo was conducted by scanning of a nuclear 42 Section I. Particles and Nuclei emulsion. The power spectrum, obtained in experiment, is determined by expression N (E) - AE'1, and majority gamma- quanta are in an energy range confirming a giant dipole resonance Therefore, though the suppositions about a constance of a spectral concentration y • radiation is not confirmed by experiment, nevertheless the considerable proportion y - quanta following in a shower, lies in a resonance region and with a high probability can at the expense of photonuclear reactions generate an essential portion of neutrons in an energy range Ey = (IO-2O)MeV At the same time, the conducted calculations do not allow to explain effect of an exotic course of time- shared decay of intensity of neutrons for EAS with Ne > 10" particles without engaging nontrivial hypotheses. UZ0201673 INVESTIGATION OF TWO-JET EVENTS IN ATMOSPHERE IN ENERGY REGION OF 1-10 PEV 'Babaev M.K., 'Baigubckov A.S, 2Lukashov K,M., 'Sadykov T.Kh., 'Tashimov M.A., 2Zltardainali N.B., 'ZaslrozhuovaN.N. 'Physical-Technical Institute MES of Republic of Kazakhstan, AI maty, Kazakhstan Ahmtty Stale University, Kazakhstan • .In 1977 we reported about registration 43 Section 1. Particles and Nuclei __ - UZ0201674 THE COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF CHANNELS OF a-PARTICLES AND 12C NUCLEI PRODUCTION IN l6Op-COLL!SIONS AT 3.25 A GeV/c Belov M.A., Lugovoi VA'., Lutpuilacv S.L., Lipin V.D., Olinsov K., Olimov Kh.K., Yuldashev A.A., 'YuMashev B.S. Physical-Technical Institute of SPA « Physics-Sun >K Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences. Tashkent, Uzbekistan 1Institute of Nuclear Physics, Uzbekistan Academy of Science. Tashkent, Uzbekistan in the paper the results of comparative analysis of characteristics of reactions "'0 + p ~> 3a + X (1) and I6O -r p -> 12C + X (2) are presented The experimental data were obtained on 1-meter Hydrogen bubble chamber of I.HE of J1NR, irradiated by relativistic Oxygeii nuclei at Dubna synchrophasotron and consist of 11100 measured l6Op-events. Yield cross sections of reactions (!) and (2) were measured and they equal to i2 ain(3o.)^(20.5±!.6) mbn and o,,,( (>(27 5+1.8) mbn, which coincide with each other within the limits of statistical errors. Realised comparative analysis of characteristics of reactions (!) and (2) shows, that average multiplicities and energetic features (except for the last one of rc~-mesons) of secondary particles and fragments become equal to each other within the limits of statistical errors for both channels The equality, within the bounds of statistical errors, of average values of total and transverse momenta of proton-fragments and deytons, independently of the type of considered reaction, must be underlined Reaction (1) is realized in more than 1/3 cases by excited I2C* nucleus decay, and its rest part (less than 2/3 cases) - by direct fermi-decay or quazielastie knocking out of one a- cluster " om weakly bounded recoil nucleus. The modeling of excited system decay by the model of isotropic phase space is justified at small values of excitation energy arid it allows to get additional valuable information about the dynamics of investigated process from experimental data. UZ0201675 THE ANALYSIS OF PP- AND "pp-SCATTERING IN THE FRAME OF QUANTUM CHROMODYNAMICS DUiraev Sh.Kh.. 'ismatov Ye.I., Turacv N.Yu. Tennez State University, Termez, Uzbekistan Institute of Nuclear Physics, Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Tashkent. Uzbekistan Proton and antiproton interactions in the energy range from few GeV up to 4-104 GeV and in the transferred 0 = t = 3 (GeV/c2) momentum range are investigated in the frame of the version of semihard quantum chromodynamics [1]. We have calculated the differential cross section as: • 44 Scc|_ioii I JP;'il|^I^Lilnd_y!ici£i ^ /••<%./) I'. CD The phase shift is expressed by the eikonal function 2/<>±(.vp) =_ Q+(.v,/>).. Here (±) is related to pp and pp -scattering, respectively Tlie tola! cross section of interaction ot is computed according to the optical theory: a, (.v, /) - 4/r J7<.,tp(s,p)fxlp, (3) o and the total cross section of elastic scattering is defined by the formula: X fTt.f(v)-2^jM.v,/>)/x//»'. (4) (i For the slope of diffraction cone in (s) we have e(.v) = —L'-— ~ • (5) 2 j(p(s,p)pclp I" Besides, the ratio of real part of the elastic forward scattering amplitude to its imaginary one as well as the difference of total cross sections of interaction are calculated. Calculated numerical values are compared with the existing experimental data and values at other energies are predicted. Values of model parameters are discussed in the light of the latest experimental and theoretical works in this field [2-6], 1. Ye.I.lsmatov, Sh.Kh.Djuraev, A.V.Khugaev, A.l.Ergashev Fenomenological theory of interaction for nucleon and nucleus// Tashkent. FAN. 1994 296 p. 2 Yu.A.Berezbnoy, V.P.Mikhailyuk Elastic scattering of 800 - MeV protons on nuclei // Yadern Phys. 2000, v. 63, XL> 5, p. 753-786. 3. M.MH.El-Gogary, A.S.Shalaby. M.Y.M.Hessen Elastic - Scattering between two cluster nuclei (A. B > 4) at midium and high energies // Phys. Rev. C. V. 58, JVL> 6, p. 3513-3519. 4. V. A.Knur, V.G.Meudatchin, N.A.Khokhlov The opportunity of discriminate the different kinds on nucleon-nucleon interaction by means of the hard bremsstrah lung pp --> pp y at the beam energies of 350-500 MeV. // Yadeni i'hys. 2000, v. 63, Ns 11, p. 1988-1995. 45 UZ0201676 Section t. Particles and Nuclei _ ELASTIC DIFFRACTIGNAL PP-SCATTERING AND UNITARY CONDITIONS !Joldasova S.M., Ismatov E.I., Fazyiov M.I. 1 Nukus Slate Pedagogical Institute, Nukus, Uzbekistan Institute of Nuclear Physics, Uzbekistan Academy of Stances, Tashkent, Uzbekistan li« the last years the experimental data abstained on the elastic scattering of protons on protons at energies of FNAL and ISP as well as at larger transfer momenta - t - 15 (GeV/c)" is the valuable information to discover the particles interaction mechanisms. p<' • •. , Earlier the new method was proposed to describe the elastic scattering of hadrons, based on the unitarity condition solution in the direct channel which was successfully applied to explain the experimental data on np and pp-scatiering [! -4]. In this work this method was used to describe elastic diffraction pp-scattering at large energies and transfer momenta, which satisfy to the condition of- t < < S. It is possible to limit with the solution of the unitarity condition to the expanding in universe powers of s- squaro, the energy of conditions particles in CMS. In the method used inelastic overlapping function G(-) is prescribed as well the elastic phase ora(+) amplitude. The imaginary part of the amplitude is defincl from the unitarity equation ~ +}=;•;(+) + <;(+) ' (i) * v/here, E(+) - is the elastic overlapping function. Equation (1) can be diagonalized and can be presented as follows: i^ "(2) 2 q>e(p) and cp,.- = jrp(p)J , with accuracy up to the S'terms are inelastic and elastic overlapping function in p - representation, respectively. In given work, the form of the difference between the two gaussian functions is chosen for (pg(p): (3) Using (3) the relation between s and dependencies of the overlapping function can be found: ageff(s>1) ~ l = (to«(*.O + \)d(nR2(s)/d0is (4) where g (5) is the slope of the overlapping function, / (6) 46 Scciion I. Panicles and NUCILM Which characterizes dependence of the inelastic overlapping function on the energy. Further obtained theoretical data were compared with the experimental data in the two models. Besides, the ratio 5(+)=Re F(+)/Im F(+) dependence of the real and imaginary parts of amplitude of elastic pp-scattering in I and II models at P\ --- 1500 Gev/c. The behavior of inelastic G(t), elastic [•(•*•) overlapping functions, as well as the imaginary part of the amplitude 4V/T/'( + ) of the elastic pp-scatiering at 1500 Gev/c depending on the transfer momentum squared was studied. The dependencies of the slope of inelastic overlapping function and effective trajectories (4) on the transfer momentum was also studied. References 1. E.I.Ismatov, Sh Kh Djuraev, Sh.P.Esanniazov Science Republic Uzbekistan, 2000, jVb 8, p-18-21. 2. G.G.Arushanov, E.I.Ismatov - Elastic and inelastic diffraction nuclear interaction. Tashkent, FAN, 1988, 283 p. 3 A.G.Sitenko The theory of nuclear reaction, Moscow, Energoizdat, 1982, 351 p. 1. E.I.Ismatov, Sh.Kh.Djuraev, A.V.Khugaev Phenomenological theory of interaction for nucleon and nucleus. Tashkent, FAN, 1994, 296 p. UZ0201677 TOTAL CROSS SECTIONS, THE REAL PART OF AMPLITUDE AND SLOPES OF DIFFRACTION (ONES IN NUCLEON-NUCLEON SCATTERING Isniatov Ye.l., Belov M.A., Striginn S.B., Fsaitiazov Sh.P., Fiizylova Z.F. Institute of Nuclear Physics, Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Tashkent, Uzbekistan In the given work on the basis of the condition of unitarity with the modified overlap function [I] analytical equations for the ratios 5 (s), total cross sections, parameters of slopes of diffraction cones for nucleon-nucleon interactions are received. In the basis of the model the solution of the condition of unitarity in the direct channel with t'l^ given form of inelastic overlap function, taking into account, in particular, absorptional corrections. The approached solution for the real part of the shift of the elastic scattering phase a(s,p) (s - the square of the total energy in the centre of mass system, p - the impact parameter) is obtained, which follows from the requirement of crassing-symmetry. Here functions A(s,p) and B(s,p) are determined in [1,2]. With the help of (1) the real part of the amplitude of forward scattering in considered model is defined .., r—,. f 1 a ) n''"ab\\ ,„. hR = -4ndbx I — — + —li (2) 47 Section 1. Panicles and Nuclei The imaginary part of the amplitude of forward scattering, as well as the real part, is summarised of two parts M+ = o)=/-/,+/v (3) where la "1 i-2 fd2 * a The total cross section of the interaction is calculated by the optical theorem and equals: a, (.v) = 4 VJT /'/ (/ = 0) - 4yT 8 ..._i m The ratio of the real part to the imaginary one for forward scattering: fi(s) = FR(s)lF,{s) (5) The total cross section of inelastic interaction processes, the cross section of elastic scattering are equal, respectively: The slope of diffraction cone at t=0 The numerical analysis and the comparison of the received results with the experiment show the good qualitative and quite good quantitative description of the basic parameters pp and ppof elastic scatterings. However, the carried out comparison of calculations with the experiment should be considered probably as illustrative, as thus we did not aspire to search the best parameter values from the point of view of the experiment description and compared the simplified equations Besides it is necessary to note, that the parameter form d(s)~ t/,,/vv follows from accounts by dispersion ratios together with the solution of the condition of unitarity at comparatively low energies [3, 4], and it is necessary to alter the parameterisation d(s) at high energies. We are going to fill these lacks in the other job. 1. Ye.l Ismatov, Sh.Kh. Djuraev et. al., The phenomenological theory of interaction of nucleons and nuclei (Tashkent ,1994), 283 2. G.G. Arushanov, Ye.l. Ismatov, Yadernaya Fizika 36, 420(1983). 3. G.Barbagli, Proceedings of the 28th International Conference on High Energy Physics, Warsaw, 1996, Word Scientific, v. 1, 631 4. Ye.l. Ismatov, Sh.Kh. Djuraev, Sh.P. Esaniazov, Doc. ofSci. Academy 11, 17(2000). 48 UZ0201678 ELASTIC NUCLEUS-NUCLEUS SCATTERING IN THE GLAUBER-SITENKO THEORY lsmatov Ve.I., Belov M.A., Djuraev Sh.Kh., Strigina S.B. Institute of Nuclear Physics, Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Tashkent, Uzbekistan The bases of the nucleus-nucleus scattering theory in the eikonal approach are developed in works [1,2,3]. However, because of significant mathematical difficulties, appearing at the derivation of compact expression for the amplitude of A^-scattering as for hadron-nucieus scattering, calculations of these amplitudes were carried out in the approximation of Gauss parameterization of densities of nucleon distribution of colliding nuclei. The necessity of analyses of experimental data of nucleus interaction with nucleon distribution, which is; not similar to the Gauss one, required for development of another way of computation. First of all the application of optical approach to the investigation of A|Ai- interaction in eikonal theory [4] must be noticed The base of this approach is to get obvious M tne functional dependence of partial phase x' "(p) upon function of thickness T ^ and '/' h of colliding nuclei in the optical limit on their atomic numbers. In the optical approximation the profile function is: s where it and z art? solutions of the system of transcendental equations [4,5]. The quantity X0|"(p) is the zero approximation to the precise value of phase x(pX presented as the expansion in inverse power series of Ai and AT quantities. In the linear approximation limit in the first term of expansion of profile function ^.ui A? nucleus (on stationary Ai nucleus), one can get amplitude of elastic scattering: - / ilc - exp[- jco(p -s-s).'/;.,, (?>/v ] (2) • 1 2 2/r The effects of mutual screening of nucleus Ai nucleons at their interaction with nucleus A2 nucleons were* neglected. Offered methods of amplitude calculation are used and effective basically for the case of scattering of light nuclei on heavy nuclei. Estimations of corrections on the finiteness of atomic numbers of colliding nuclei showed, that in the range of diffraction cone the effective parameter, determining the precision of the optical approximation, is much smaller, than '/.A, It follows from that, the amplitude of AiAj-scattering can be calculated in the optical approximation to A!(2) radiation, i.e. by equations (1) and (2), if radiation Ait2)>l 0. It is enough with good precision to take into account only corrections of order )/Au to the optical approach in the case of aA-scattering. The calculation methods are used for the computation of characteristics of a-particle and Carbon scattering on I2C and 10Ca nuclei at the energy 1.37 GeV/'c. 1. AG. Sitenko, The Theory of Nuclear Reactions (Moscow, 1983), 351. 2. R.J. Glauber, in «High-Energy Physics and Nuclear Structure»(Amsterdam, 1967), 311. 3. A.A. Arushanov, Ye.I. Ismatov, Elastic and inelastic diffraction nuclear interactions (Tashkent, 1988), 283. 4. A.V. Tarasov, Elem. Part, and Atom. Nucl. Journal 3 (1976), 771. 5. Ye.I.Ismatov, Sh.Kh.Djuraev, E.Kh.Yuldashbaeva et all. Book of Abstracts 7th International Conference on Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions Strasbourg, France 2000 h 115. 6. M.M.H. El-Gegary, A.S Shalaby, M.Y.H.Hassan, Phys.Rev C ,V.58, 6,1998, p.3513-3522 49 Seciion I. Particles and Nuclei . UZ0201679 GAUGE EVOLUTION OF THE ELEMENTARY PARTICLE PHYSICS DURING TFIE SECOND HALF OF XX CENTURY AND PERSPECTIVES Khodjaev L.SH. Institute of Nuclear Physics, Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Tashkent, Uzbekistan We review the new tendency in the development of the elementary particles physics and Quantum Field Theory during the second half of XX Century and perspectives in the XXI Cent.iry. UZ0201680 THE OBSERVATION OF ANOMALIES IN MASS SPECTRA OF (p,2p)- REACTION ON C, AJ, Cu AND Pb NUCLEI AT 500 MeV Belov M.A., Gafarov A.A., Koblik Yu.N., Pikul V.P., Radyuk G.A., Yuldashev B.S. Institute of Nuclear 'Physics, Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Tashkent, Uzbekistan Energetic proton spectra from A(p, pp)X reaction on Carbon, Aluminum, Copper and Lead nucle'i were measured on experimental set ujc, which is the two-armed nonmagnetic scintillation spectrometer (illumination- 0.2 sr, mass resolution - 4 MeV), located on the line of polarized 500 MeV beam of the TR1LJMF cyclotron (Vancouver, Canada). Two-proton mass spectra are obtained in conditions of accumulation of all correlated pairs of pp-events in the wide range (~40°) of registration angles and at the selection of compianar pp-pairs from the narrow angle spread (-14°). Spectra are obtained in the mass interval from 1954 MeV/c2 up to 2220 MeV/c at mass step of 3.528 MeV/c2 for each nucleus and total (summed.up on all nuclei) spectrum for- complanar proton pairs (Fig. 1, hist. 6). Statistical provision of total spectrum is 34740 events. Histograms 1-4 on Fig. 1 show individual compianar spectra for Lead, Copper, Carbon and Aluminum. Curve 5 is the background, approximated by the 4th power polynomial: 2 6 Nf= 2,03 -4,04-J0'-Mpp + 30,02Mpp -0,0JMpp \- J,22-Ja Mp/ Present anomalies exceed the level of background distribution on 2.5-3 statistical errors relatively to that curve (hist.5). Mass values of such anomalies are: 2008, 2017, 2028, 2046, 2067, 2087, 2096 and 2106 MeV/c2. The error in the determination of anomaly mass value is ±4 MeV. We suppose, observable anomalies can be caused by forming of dinucleon resonance states. By the assumption [1] resonances are formed at rather large inter nucleon distance of 2.5-4 fin on the slope of interaction potential in local irregularities, which can appear as a result of nucleon spin flipping. The fact, that resonances form rotational bands leads to the production of irregularities at the certain distance between nucleons, and moment of inertia will be constant. 50 Scclion I. Panicles and Nuclei ig. I. Total mass spectrum of complanar proton pairs for (". Ai. Cu and Pb nuclei. 1000 800 (- 'o 600 \-./ *S 400 00 y \ J -• • •, -r \ ^ 200 - y . -(;J ,,-- t,y \. /' •' i-'S' , 't"L _i J .900 1950 2000 2050 2100 2150 220O 2250 Mpp. McV-c"" In accordance with supposed possible classification of dibaryon resonances fl], anomalies with masses of 2008, 202S. 2067, 20S7 MeV/c2 well coincide with the rotational bands of NN-resonances. The second group of resonances with masses of 2017, 2046 and 2106 MeV/c2 is responsible for the rotational bands of NNn-resqnances. Possible resonance of 2096 MeV/c2 does not belong to this classification Appeared anomalies in the most cases can be compared with observed dibaryon resonances as schown by the measurements of spectra in nucleon-nuclcus interactions. However, anomalies in mass spectra take place only under certain conditions (complanarity, narrow angle spread, etc.). Additional measurements with clear differentiation of experimental features are necessary for getting information with more justification. The work was carried out under the support of the foundation of the fundamental investigations of AS of Uzbekistan by giant N11 -00. I. S.V.Artemov, G.A.Radyuk, A.V.Khugaev, J. dzvestiya RAN>\ JSri211, 2001 (in press) UZ0201681 Nasriddinov K.R., Khniikov U.A. Department of Physics, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan Recently the ~ (4.8 ± 1.9 ±0/S)x 10~5. 51 Section I. Particles and Nuclei In this study, the «j) -> con decay channel of the References 1. Achasov M.N. et al.// Phys. Lett. B449 (1999) ! 22 2. Nasriddinov K.R., Merkulova T.A./7 Phys.Rev.D57 (1998) 6860 3. Nasriddinov K.R./7 Phys. Atom. NucL 1994,V.57, P. 1077-1082. UZ0201682 DOUBLY HEAVY BARYONS IN THE DIRAC EQUATION APPROACH Matrasuiov D.U., Rakhimov Kh.Yu., Butanov Kh.T. Heat Physics Department of the Uzbekistan Acachv/iy of Sciences, Tashkent, Uzbekistan Doubly heavy baryons are becoming the subject of extensive study in recent years [1-3]. This interest is stimulated by the forthcoming experiments at CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and Brookheaven Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). Predicting such properties as energy and mass spectra, decays is of significant importance for these experiments. Rather convenient approach for treating this doubly heavy baryon is the calculation of its properties in the liamework of potential model. Interaction between quarks can be described by the Coulomb plus confining potential. In the work we will treat doubly heavy baryon considering light quark as a relativistic particle. Then the motion oi'light quark in the field of two heavy ones can be described by two-center Dirac equation with the Coulomb plus confining potential. We choose the linear potential as confining one. We solve the two-center Dirac equation for funnel potential using the method of linear combination of atomic orbitals which was successfully used for the solution of two-center Dirac equation for Coulomb potential [4]. Thus the motion of light quark in the field of two heavy quarks is described by the following Dirac equation (in the system of units h = mL - c --1) 7 Z [a -p + /3 1- A •/-,- — + A • r2 ] • y{?) = Ey/{r). '1 '2 Where a and /? are the Dirac matrices, Z and A are the parameters of potential, /, , - \'f ± R\. We take the wave function in the form y(r) = a Then the energy K(R) can be calculated as Section 1. Particles and Nuclei \*e use the solution of one-center Dirac equation for potential /'(/)- ~Z I r + 1 r from [5] for if/] and \j/~. Then the energy term can be expressed as 2 E(R) = ^JL^-— • LbR(/^ + 74) + 2AbR (/s f /,,) + 2A(I2 + /7) - Z(/, + / where /2 = J^}c I -! "i -I 1A = J^ f, 1 -I 00 1 i -i '/)) Thus we have solved the two-center Dirac equation with Coulomb plus linear potential which describes the, motion of light quark in the field of two heavy quarks in the doubly heavy baryon. Study of doubly heavy baryons is becoming rather important now in connection with the forthcoming experiments at LHC and RHIC. The next part of our work will be to solve the Schrodinger equation for derivation of binding energy spectra of doubly heavy quark baryons with account of recoil motion of heavy quarks. References 1. J.M. Richard, Phys. Rep. 212, 1 (1992). 2 S.N. Mukherjee, R. Nag, S. Sanyal, et al., Phys. Rep. 23 I, 201 (1993). 3. D.U. Matrasulov, M.M.Musakhanov, and T.Morii, Phys. Rev. C 61, 2357 (2000). 4. V.I. Matveev, D.U. Matrasulov, and Kh.Yu. Rakhimov, Phys. At. Nucl. 63, 318 (2000). 5. J. Franklin, Mod. Phys. Lett. A 14, 2409(1999). 53 UZ0201683 Section I Panicles and Nuclei SPIN-FLIP.IONIZATION IN THE RELATSV'ISTJC HEAVY ION-ATOM COLLISIONS Matrastilov D.U., Rnkhimov Kh.Yu., Ruzibaev A.K. Heal Physics Department of the Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Tashkent, Uzbekistan Study of electromagnetic processes in the high-energy collisions of heavy ions with atoms is of considerable fundamental importance. Such processes as formation of dense matter and quark-gkion plasma, iepton pair production and vacuum polarization can be investigated in these collisions. Besides that highly charged ion-atom collisions are the only way to study behavior of matter in superstrong electromagnetic fields, since the Held strength creating in these collisions is considerably exceeds the atomic one [1-3]. Such a machines as CERN Large Madron Collider and Biookhaven Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider allows one to reach reiativistic and ultrarelativistic collision energies for fully stripped uranium ions. Treating of inelastic processes in such a collision;; can not be done in the framework of perturbation theory since both charge and velocity of projectile are very high. Therefore one should use here so called nonperturbative methods. One of such nonperturbative methods based on reiativistic eikonal method was offered in our paper [4, 5>]. In this work we calculate probability and cross section of ionization with spin-Hip in the collision of reiativistic highly charged ion with heavy relatisistic atom. By a reiativistic atom we mean the atom A'-shel! electron of which moves with reiativistic velocities clue to the large nuclear charge lonization with spin-tiip has been considered by Davidovic at al. in [6] and by Anholt [7] tor reiativistic proton-atom collisions where one can apply t'ie Rorn approximation. In contrast to the case when the condition 'Lp Vj: is obeyed (Z; and J';/ are projectile charge and velocity, respectively) in the case of / '"' -I/"'" collision which we consider Z p IVr - 1. Therefore we treat this collision using the reiativistic eikonal approximation. A general (nonperturbative) expression for the cross section of transition of heavy (reiativistic) atom from state '!//,} with energy l\ to a state i//; / (with energy Rt ) in the collision with reiativistic highly charged ion has been derived in [4, 5] and has the form:. I I — L <• 1 : where b is the impact parameter, y- xj\-v /c , N is the number of atomic electrons, 2 ra - {x^yu,za) are the coordinates of the atomic electrons, a ~ 1,2,. ..N, Su = y(\ - Vatjc) is the Lorentz matrix acting only to bispinor indices of the atomic electron with index a (corresponding Dirac matrices are «_,); .V " -- J~~T JS' f" ' /I : \ a' j\exp{i(j} where c] - 2Zb/(vbz) Section I. Particles and Nuclei -1/2) • -x,. f 2Z V v A Thus we have obtained nonpeiturbative expression for the cross section of heavy relativistic atom in the collision with relativistic highly charged ion where the spin-flip of the ionized electron will occur In contrast to the case of ionizatiori when spin-state of the target electron remains in this case no need in matching, since the integral in the last expression converges. Derived results could be useful for further numerical calculations in non- asymptotical region and for forthcoming experiments at heavy ion colliders. References I j. Eichler, Phys Rep. 193, 165 (1990) 2. j. Eichler and W.E. Meyrhof, Relativistic atomic collisions. Academic Press Inc. N.-Y.: 1995. 3. V.I. Matveev. Phys. Part. Nucl. 26, 329 (1995). 4/ P K. Khabibullaev, V.I. Matveev and D.U. Mairasulov, J. Phys B 31, L607 (1998). 5. V.I. Matveev, Kh.Yu. Rakhimov and D.U. Matrasulov, J Phys. B 32, 3849 (1999). 6 D.M. Davidovic, 3.L. Moiseiwitsch and PH. Nornngton, J. Phys. B 11, 847 (1978). 7. R. Anholt, Phys. Rev. A 19, 1004 (1979) UZ0201684 DIFFRACTIONAL INTERACTION OF HADRONS AND COMPOUND PARTICLES WITH NUCLEI-ISOMERS Tartakovski V.K., Par.khonienko O.I. ]listititle of Theoretical Phrsics, Kiev, Ukraine Since there is a possibility to collect long-living isomers possible in macroscopic amounts they can be used for study of nucleus matter in normal condition in the cases, when the excitation energy of the isomers culminates critical value, which corresponds to the critical nuclear temperature (matter is in normal (not superfluid) stage above critical temperature). During turning from superfluid stage to normal one it is possible to change diffuseness of the nuclear edge as well as the transparency of nuclei with respect to the falling particles. Calculations show, that except nuclei in ground stages, using of nuclei-isomers with high excitation in diffraction approach with mesons nucleons, deuterons, and other compound panicles as targets may help to study differences in some properties of superfluid and normal stages of the nuclear matter even in cases when the nuclear temperature essentially low than the critical one (but not close to zero) and when the comprehensive part of the nuclear matter is in normal stage. Possibility of getting such information about nuclei is connected with facility of dependence of profile functions parameters from properties of nuclear matter in normal and superfluid stages. Small changes- in magnitudes of this parameters may lead to perceptible changes of cross sections. 55 •Section i. Panicles and Nuclei . UZ0201685 COMPARISON OF THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL DATA ON HADRON-HADRONIC INTERACTIONS Saidov CIi.S., Turaev Yu.T., Sharipov E.L., Djuracv Sh.Kli. lermez Stale University, Termcz, Uzbekistan According to theoretical work [I] during last 25 years bunches of g-quanta appearing from light scattering on relativistic electrons have been researched theoretically and experimentally Such bunches have been used in nuclear and physical experiments. Rich experimental material on different features of collisions of luidrons at high energy has currently been obtained with sufficiently good accuracy. Main particularity of these features under high energy is enough smooth energy dependency in contrast with the same features under low energy, when the resonance and rapid phenomena break this smoothness. Main lota! experimental regularities of collisions of hadrons under high energy are i) weak energy dependency of total sections 5>, o\.|, 5;,,; 2) small value and approximate constancy of average transverse pulse of splitting hadrons and hs possible slow growing with the energy, 3) small multiplicity and its slow growing with the energy; 4) the existence of leading parades 3inary processes, in particular elastic ones are shown as kinematically most simplest type of reactions. Consequently by means of these processes it is possible to conduct a direct check up of the different theories and models. There is an optical theorem for the amplitude of elastic scattering unlike other reaction amplitudes. At present amplitude of elastic scattering onward, i.e. total section, of interaction 5, and ratio 5 of real part of amplitude of scattering onward to its imagine one have been well measured. It is too small and has negative sign (what points to the repulsive nature of interaction), then with the growing of energy becomes positive. As measurements made in Batavia have shown, ratio 5 goes to zero and changes sign to the positive one at V\~ 100 HeV/s (Hecta electronic Voltage per second) for rc±p, K±p, pp and at P|= 300 HeV/s' - for pp-dissipations. Changing a sign of real part of scattering amplitude according to analyticity is connected with the asymptotic behaviour of the total sections: asymptotic growing of 5. leads to the positive value of the real part. For the first time the growing of total sections was discovered in ,1971 in Serpukhovsky accelerator (Serpukhovsky effect) and was confirmed at greater energies in 1973-1974 years in accumulated coils in (CERN) and in the accelerator in Batavia. There are good measurements for angular distribution, particularly good-under small and intermediate transfer pulses and worse-under greater ones. There are also data on scattering in back polysphere. Full structure of differential sections is rather complex. Total characteristics of angular disbibution is presence of diffraction peaks in the events of scattering onward and back. Between front and back maximums inheres rather broad area of deep minimum: section on 5-:-10 orders corresponding optical spots less, moreover in me event of pp- and K'p - diffusing this minimum section on several orders above, than in the event of pp-, ?r±p- and K" p-dissipations. Two types of angular distribution in elastic hadron-hadronic collisions at groups often HeV are experimentally well established. The first type (ic±p, K"p, pp) has enough rich structure (collapses and hunches). The second type of angular distribution (pp, K'p) is characterized by enough smooth dependency. Besides, the total sections in the first event depend on the energy more stronger than in the second one. It is necessary to note that there are the resonances in the first event at low energies in s-channel, then in the second event there are no these resonance. Such difference of behaviour is connected with "not exoticity" and "exoticity" of the reactions of first and second types, respectively, which follows from the duality, according to which the asymptotic behaviour must strongly depend 5(3 Section I. Particles and Nuclei on the quantum numbers of s- channel In Batavia and CERN presence of type under Pi> 200 HeV /s within the region t = 1,5 -*- 1,3 (H e V/sec)2 is discovered in 11 elasic pp-scattering. It is necessary to note that there is no deep at pi = 100 Me V/sec. There are good measurements of d5/dt in I «0-10 interval (HeV/s)' for pp-scatteiing at. ;.v - 53 HeV."Dependency from s for the fixed greater |t| with the growing of energy is probably weakened. One of the important features of elastic scattering is a slop of the differential section, since it can be connected with such physical quantities, as radius of interaction, Pomeranchuk path and etc. In accordance with the existing experimental data a slop at t--0 grows with the growing of energy, however at the greater energy this growing is probably weakened. Under small transfered pulses the differential section is well described by exponent (IS _ c/S /,/ _ <5~t I ^lYhi m — _ — — L> ._ -—- i j + o p { i) ill (it ,-() iOTT According to the obvious condition 6i > 8Ci and taking into account that at high enemies sections behind the diffraction cone are too small, but above the values given by (1) one can find 2 2 b>5,(l+8 )/ !6TI 8cl, 16TT b>8,(l +8 ) (2) Thus the total section of interaction can not grow quicker than a slopp in diffraction cone. It seems an approximation in the manner of superposition of two or more exponents is more full than (!). Dependency of slop of diffraction cone from the transfer pulse has a big interest. Before 1975 it was considered that b(t) continuously increases when |t| —> 0, however the experimental data from FNAL presented at the international conference in Tibilisi on the physics of high energy show decrease of b(t) when |t|->0 This effect means that radius of interaction decreases under |t| -> 0. References 1. G.G Arushanov, E.l.lsmatov "Elastic and inelastic diffraction nuclear interactions" Tashkent. "FAN1". 1988. p.39. 2 E.l.lsmatov, Sh.Kh.Juraev 'Phenomonotogy theory of interactions of nucleons and nucleus" Tashkent. "FAN", 1994. p. 100. UZ0201686 THE SPECTROSCOPY OF THE LIGHT SU(2) BARYONS IN THE PERTURBATIVE CHIRAL QUARK MODEL Tursunov E.M. Institute of Nuclear Physics, Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Tashkent, Uzbekistan We present our first results for the spectroscopy of the light SU(2) baryons in the framework of the Perturbative chiral quark model suggested in [1] and recently developed in [2] for the study of the sigrha-term physics. In this model baryons are described as bound states of valence quarks surrounded by clouds of giuons and Goldstone bosons (x, n and K mesons). The effective chiral Lagrangian describes quarks as relativistic fermions moving in a self-consistent field. This field is described by a scalar confinement potential S(r) = cr t- m 57 Section i. Particles and Nuclei and the time component of a vector potential V( r ) = - a / r, responsible for short-range fluctuations of the gluon field configurations. The mode! potential defines unperturbed w.f-s of quarks which are subsequently used in the calculations* of baryon properties. Dressing the baryon three-quark core by the cloud of the Goldstone bosons and gluons corresponds to the inclusion of the eKcited quarks contribution. Thus in our model the quark core contribution to the baryon mass is defined as a sum of the single valence quark energies. The contribution of the Goldstone bosons and gluons to the SU(2) baryons spectrum are treated perturbatively. All calculations are performed at order of accuracy 0(1/F2, m), where F is the pion ieptonic decay constant, m is current quark mass term. Our first results with neglecting q and K mesons contributions to the exchange process between valence quarks indicate that the energy shift of «he Ka (939) and z\( 1232) g.s. baryons 5 =293MeV comes from one-pion exchange diagrams (180MeV) and one-gluon exchange diagrams (113MeV). Moreover, full calculations with corresponding contributions of sea- quarks (second order self-energy diagramnis) and second order exchange diagramms give a reasonable value for the g.s. N and A when the center -of-mass correction is taken into account properly. However, when we are limited with one-pion and one-gluon exchange and self-energy diagr?mining, we could not reproduce the normal ordering for the Roper resonance N*(1440) with quantum numbers (J!, T)=(l/2", 1/2) and N* (1535) with (J1, T)=(l/2\ !/i). We suggest that the internediate s-quark mechanism is responsible for the normal ordering in the SU(2) baryonic sector. Full calculations with taking into account K- and n - mesons exchanges are under way References 1. T.~Cutsche and D-Robson, Phys. Lett. B229, 33'i (J£89) 2. V.E.Lyubovitskij, Th.Gutsche, A Faesslei and E Gbrukarev, Phys. Rev. D, V.63, 054026 (2001) UZ0201687 SINGULARITIES OF ENERGY SPECTRUM OF PROTON- FRAGMENTS PRODUCED IN 16Op-INTERACTIONS AT 3.25 A GeV/c Lutpullaev S.L., Lipin V.D., Olimov K., Olimov Kh.K., Ynldashev A.A.. 'Yuldashev B.S. Physical-Technical Institute of SPA «Physics-Sun» of Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Tashkent, Uzbekistan 1 Institute of Nuclear Physics, Uzbekistan Academy of Science, Tashkent, Uzbekistan The formation of the most light fragments of nuclei - protons can be implemented at all the stages of hadron-nucleus interactions at high energies, intranuclear cascade, the breakup of the excited residual nucleus, the cumulative process being fulfilled at collisions of hadron with multiquark system. • Protons can be also produced at the reactions of slow pion absorption by quasideuteron pair of nucleons. In the present paper, the clear evidence of existence of such a mechanism is 58 Section 1 Particles and Nude shown for the first time. The experimental data were obtained from 1-meter hydrogen bubble chamber of LHE of JINR (Dubna, Russia) exposed to a beam of relativistic oxygen nuclei at Dubna synchrofasotron, and consisted of 11000 measured events. At the kinetic energy distribution of protons in the oxygen nucleus rest frame, the substantial peak at Tr,=(75±5) lVIeV is observed, which is in well agreement with the mechanism of their formation in result of slow pion absorption by intranuclear nucleon pair. UZ0201688 DISTRIBUTIONS OF PROTONS IN (p, D, a, C) C-INTERACTIONS AT 4.2 GeV/c !>ER NUCLEON Sharipova S. A, Akchurina I), Zahidova H. Samarkand Stale University, Samarkand, Uzbekistan The dependences of proton rapidity distibutions on transverse momentum for JJC, dC, at' and CC interactions at 4.2 GeV/c per nucleon are studied. The experimental results are compared with the calculations according to the quark-gluon string model. It is shown that QGSM satisfactorily describes the experimental data. The contributions of protons emitted from decays of A++, A+.A° isobars and of directories to multipiicites of protons in different raj^dity bins and in different p, intervals have been determined with the help of above model. UZ0201689 DISTRIBUTIONS OF n MESONS IN (p, D, a, C) 00C-INTERACTIONS. AT 4.2 GeV/c PER NUCLEON Sharipova S. A., Akchurina D. Samarkand State. University, Samarkand, Uzbekistan The dependences of n~ rapidity distibutions on transverse momentum for pC, dC, aC and CC interactions at 4.2 GeV/c per nucleon are studied. The experimental results are compared with the calculations according to the quark-gluon string model. It is shown that QCSM satisfactorily describes the experimental distributions of n~ mesons. The contributions of n~ mesons emitted from decays of A°" isobar, />°~, &>,//,//' and of direct ones to the multipiicites of particles in different rapidity bins and in different p± intervals have been determined with the help of above model. 59 Section 1, Particles and Nuclei UZ0201690 COHERENT TYPE B PRODUCTION OF FREE AND BOUND e+e- BY PHOTON AND RELATIVISTIC HEAVY IONS 'Kunashcnko Yu.P., uPivovarov Yu.L. 'Nuclear Physics Institute, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia "TomskPolytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia In a present report the review of a theory of coherent type B free and bound electron - positron pair production by photons and relativistic heavy ions in a crystal and comparison with experimental dates is done. The coherent type B processes take place when an initial particle momentum is parallel to a crystal axis. In this case the cross - section of a considered process have peaks at definite energy and emission angle of a secondary particles. Here we discuss the following problems: 1. Coherent type B e+e- pair production by a photon in a crystal with co*ilunation of created particles. It is shown, that introduction of the collimation of created electron and positron results in an increasing of brilliance, of a coherent peak (relation of coherent peak to incoherent background) [1-2]. 2. Coherent pholoproduciion of a relativistic positronium atom (bound'state of electron and positron) [3-5]. In this case the sharp coherent peaks arise at the definite energy and emission angle. 3. Coherent e+e- pair creation by the relativistic heavy ion with electron K - shell capture at the passing ion through the crystal parallel to the crystal axis' Coherent effect consists in the appearance of sharp coherent peaks in energy or angular spectra of emission positrons [5-C5J. This work is supported in part by gran! from RFBR contract JS's 01-02-17562 and from Russian State Program "Fundamental Nuclear Physics" contract N» 135-09. References 1. Kunashenko Yu.P. and Pivovarov Yu.L., Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physic's Research B. ! 14(1996) 237 2. Okazaki Y, Andreyashkin M, ChoufTani K.., Endo I., Hasegawa Y., linuma M., Nakagawa S , Ohnishi T , Takahashi T.. Haniai.su R., Kojima H., Masuyama M., Okuno H , Takashima Y , Kunashenko Yu J». Pivovarov Yu I,., // Phys.Lett. A 271 271 (2000) 110. 3. Kunashenko Yu.P., Pivovarov Yu.I... // Yaci.Fiz. 45 (1987; 682. 4. Pivovarov Yu.L, Kunashenko Yu.P. Endo I , Isshiki T. // Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B 145 (1998) 80 5. Kunashenko Yu. P., Pivovarov Yu. 1.. // Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, 119(1996) 137 6. Kunashenko Yu. P., Pivovarov Yu. L., Surface investigation, 14 (1998) 643. 60 UZ0201691 Section 1. Particles and Nuclei . ANTIKAON PRODUCTION AND MEDIUM EFFECTS IN PROTON- NUCLEUS REACTIONS AT SUBTHRESHOLD BEAM ENERGIES Paryev E.Ya. Institute for Nuclear Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia The inclusive K" meson production in proton-nucleus collisions in the subthreshold energy regime is studied in the framework of an appropriate spectral fijnetion approach for incoherent primary proton-nucleon and secondary pion-nucleon production processes. It takes properly into account the nuclear mean-field potential effects on these processes as well as the final state interaction (FS!) among the outgoing nucleons participating in the one-step antikaon creation process. The model calculations of the K" differential cross sections for the reactions p+Be\ p+Cu°3 and p+Au1'7 at subthreshold energies are compared in detail with the currently available experimental data obtained recently at the ITEP proton synchrotron and at S1S/GSI. The calculations including the influence both in-medium density-dependent and elementary NN-FSl effects on the K" production from direct mechanism we faund to reproduce the energy dependences of the invariant differential cross sections for "hard" tntikaon creation in pBe9- and pCu6''-collisions. It was further shown that the NN-FSl effects play a minor role in describing the data on spectrum of relatively soft K" -mesons from p/\u19 -interactions at an incident energy of 2.5 GeV. It is also shown that the relative strength ot the proton- and pion-induced reaction channels in the subthreshold energy regime is governed by the kinematics of experiment under consideration. The influence of the nucleon, kaon and antikaon mean-field potentials on the K." yield is considered. It is demonstrated that, the K" optical potential has a very strong effect on this yield at low antikaon momenta, which is greater than those from nucleon and kaon effective potentials. Whereas at high antikaon momenta the K" yield is found to be determined, along witlv the elementary NN-FSl effects, mainly by the nucleon mean field and the scenario with zero K~ potential is favourable. UZ0201692 RESPONSE FUNCTION OF GIANT DIPOLE RESONANCE AT FINITE TEMPERATURE 'Gokalp A.. 'Yilmaz O., 2AyikS. 1 Physics Department, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey 2 Physics Department, Tennessee Technological University, USA Giant dipole resonances built on nuclear excited states have been systematically investigated during the last several years experimentally in 120Sn [1] and 2O8Pb [2]. Most of the theoretical studies of the collective response of hot nuclear matter have been based on the RPA theory which is in fact the small amplitude limit of TDHF theory. However, the RPA approach is not suitable for describing the damping of collective excitations. In order to describe the nuclear collective response including damping, it is necessary to go beyond the RPA theory by incorporating the coupling between the collective states and the doorway 61 Section 1. Panicle; and Nuclei configurations. CoHisional damping which is due to the coupling with incoherent 2p-2h states cars be incorporated into the small amplitude limit of the extended TDHF in the form of a non- Markovian collision term [3]. Using this approach, the nuclear collective response at finite temperature has been investigated in a quanta! framework [4], In this work, we investigate the response function of hot nuclear matter to a small isovector external field in the small amplitude limit of the extended TDHF theory in which damping due to incoherent 2p-2h decay is included in the form of a non-Markovian collision term using a semiclassical approach. Our results indicate that the coilisionai damping due to decay into incoherent 2p-2h states is small at low temperatures but increases at high temperature*. References: [i] E. Ramakrishan et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 1b (19%) 2025 [21 H. J. Hofmann et a!., Nucl. Phys A 57 ! {! 094) 30!. [3] S. Ayik, M. Dworzeuka, Phys Rev Lett 54 (!985) 534. [4] D. Lacroix, P. Chomaz, S. Ayik, Phys. Rev. C 58 (1998) 2154. UZ0201693 ACHIEVEMENT AND PROSPECTS FOR THE SUPERMEAVY ELEMENT SYNTHESIS. DECISIVE ROLE OF THE SHELL STRUCTURE IN THE FUSION REACTION MECHANISM 1>2Nasirov A.K., 1>2Adiunian G. G., JGiar(lina G., '.lovliev V. Yu., 4Kanokov Z., JLainberto A., 'Muininov A.!., JOlivn G., 'Pavliy K.V., 3Taccone A. ; Institute of Nuclear Physics, Uzbekistan Academy of Science, Tashkent, Uzbekistan ' BugoliuboVLaboratory of Theoretical Physics, JINK Diibuct, Russia ' Istituto Nazionale di T'isica Nucleare, Sezione di Catania, and Dipartimento di T'isica dell'Universita di A lessina, Messina, Italy 4 Physical Department of National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan The success achieved in the synthesis of superheavy elements, Z=\ 10-! 12 at the GSI (Darmstadt, Germany), Z~M4 [1] and Z=116 |2] at the Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions (FLNR, Dubna, Russia) and Z=\ 18 at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL, Berkeley, USA) inspired experimentalists to perform experiments on the synthesis of new elements and theorists to an intensive study of the reaction mechanism for predictions making. In the FLNR experiments the beam of 4sCa was used for the bom- bardment of 24'*Pu and "" Cm targets to synthesize Z=l 14 and 116, respectively. The measured cross section of t8 the evaporation residue ( 62 Seciion I. P.uticlcs and Nuclei element. The attempts of the GSI, GANIL (France) and R1KEN (Japan) experimentalists to synthesize Z~\ 18 in the same reaction and at the same beam energy, which was used at the LBNL failed. The upper limits of 1 pb and 2 pb were reached in the experiments at the GSI and GANIL, respectively Nevertheless, the second attempt of the LBNL experimentalists fai- led and results of the third one have not been announced yet. The entrance channel of this reaction is more symmetric and therefore the intrinsic fusion barrier is quite high. The difficulties encountered in these experiments are connected not only with the very low cross section but also with the fact that the excitation function of evaporation residues looks like a gaussian curve with decrease in the width at an increase in the mass of the formed compound nucleus. It was concluded from the systematics of the excitation function of evaporation residues measured in the synthesis of superheavy elements in the range Z=104- 112 [4|. Therefore a careful estimation of some effects of the entrance channel is required for the determination of optimal conditions for the synthesis of superheavy elements. The decrease in the width of the measured excitation function can be easily explained using the dinuclear system concept. According to the scenario used by this concept, the detected products of the evaporation residue are a small part of the compound nucleus fornsed as a result of complete fusion of the projectile and the target. Reasons of so sharp decrease of measured cross section of evaporation residues may be different. Since the formed compound nucleus is excited and it undergoes fission. But it should be taken into account that the fusion does not occur immediately. In reactions with massive heavy ions, after the capture and before the fusion the nuclear complex passes through a molecular like stage. The latter is formed at the capture of the projectile by the target Each stage of the process is in different dependence on the value of the beam energy If the capture and the fusion cross sections increase with the beam energy, the surviving probability o\" the compound nucleus against fission decreases. In reactions with very massive nuclei such opposite dependence of these processes leads to a bell-like excitation function. There is a series of works devoted to the analysis of synthesis of superheavy elements on ihe basis of the DNS concept f5-7}. In [5J and 2 4 [7}, for the * U8 ay.K in the *"krK°*Pb reaction the upper limits of 4.6 and 5.1 fb were obtained whereas in [8] and [9], they were predicted to be 5.9 pb. Note that the measured value a KR for the 7<)Zn + 20KPb reaction in the second experiment performed at the GSI was nearly in agreement with the value predicted in [5]. The methods based on the DNS concept allow us to study the dependence of a KR on the en-trance channel and on the isotope number of the target or projectile nucleus. Selected reactions pnd the optima! value of the beam energy for the synthesis of new superheavy elements will be discussed. 1. Yu. Ts. Oganessian et al., "Nature" V400, (1999) 242. 2. Yu. Ts. Oganessian et al., Phys. Rev. C 63 (2000) 011301 3. V. Ninov, et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 83 (1999) 1104 4. S. Hofmann, Rep. Progr. Phys. 61, (1998) 639; 5. G Giardina et al., Eur. Phys. Jour. A 8 (2000) 205 6. G.G. Adamian, et al., Nucl. Phys. A 633 (1998) 409 7. G.G. Adamian, et al., Nucl. Phys. A 678 (2000) 24 8. R. Smolanczuk, Phys Rev. C59 (1999) 2634 9. R. Smolanczuk Phys. Rev. C63, 044607 (2001) 63 UZ0201694 Section t. Particles and Nuclei __ THE MONOCHROMATIC X-RADUTION SOURCE ON THE BASIS OF THE ELECTRONIC BREAMSSTRAHLUNG BEAM OF SAMARKAND MICROTRON MT-22S "Adischev Y.N., bAlicv F.K., 'Asatov U., "Zabaev V.N., "Polylitsyn A.P., fSafarov A.N., ''Salikhbaev U.S.. rSkripnik B.A., 'Stepnov Y.Y., cKhakbercHev I, "Nuclear Physics Institute of Tomsk Polytechnic University (NPl TPl.'J, Jttissici "Institute of Applied Physicsof Tashkent Stale University, (IAt' TashSU), Uzbekistan 'Nuclear Physics Laboratory of Samarkand State UniversilyfNPL SamSU), Uzbekistan ''Institute of Nuclear I'hysics Uzbekistan Academy t/f Science, Tashkent, Uzbekistan Unmonochromatization or absence of possibility to change energy and intensity of the most of the existing nowadays y-radiation sources limits their use for applied researches. That's why, development of universal monochromatic y-radiation beam sources with tunable energy and intensity is important task, solving of which permits essentially expand the possibilities of the experiments. Discovering effect of the parametric X-radiation (PXR) and sis investigations result in its use for developing ihe monochromatic X-radiation (MXR) beam sources with tune regulated parameters. The PXR effect is diffraction of the electromagnetic fields produced by relativist-x electrons in crystals [I]. The crystallographic plane has to be placed at the known angle of Bregg, G'H: A. = --"*- • (!) /itf where n - is integer and defines the order of diffraction maximum, d - the interval between neighbour planes, iln - the energy of n-order diffraction maximum The MXR. beam can be produced by the known method of diffraction of X-radiation (DXR) that has energetic maximums described by the above mentioned formula [2]. At last time PXR and DXR effects are used simultaneously to increase intensity of generated X- radiation beams [3]. It is known, that the MXR beam can be used in a wide range of investigations. In particular, the collaboration of Swiss and Belgian scientists developed the DXR beam that was used for defining K-edges of absorption of heavy elements, aa well as detecting the elements in materials [4], According to the above mentioned and work [4] using electronic breamsstrnhlung beam of microtron MT-22S the source of DXR type was developed by joint scientific group of NPL SamSU and NPl TPU. A set up for DXR beam usually consists of a primary radiation source, the crystal with goniometric mechanism, X-ray detector and system of collimators for forming the primary and secondary beams. The electronic (Eo-l3MeV) breamsstrahkmg beam, the singlecrystallic silicon target with thickness of 390u.m placed on the goniometer G-5, X-ray Nal(Ti) detector of the size of 040x1 mm2 with the bedllium window lmm thick are used in our experiment. In order to produce DXR beam, the crystallographic plane (110) was placed under Bregg angle of 6u =21° and X-ray detector one of 0» =42°. The experimental spectra with crystal Si at 0u =21 ° (curve 1) and 8 -19.33° (curve 2) and without crystal (curve 3) are shown on fig. 1. One can see that DXR behaves in the energy region of Ex =7-7-8 keV like smali difference between curve 1 and curve 2. To clear up the effect, the dependence of DXR intensity in the energy interval of 6+9 keV on an orientation (110) plane of Si was measured and the result is shown on fig.2. The maximum of this curve is at the angle of 6» -21° and the angle deflection of ±1.0° leads to disappearance of it. 64 Section I. Particles and Nuclei 2000 CO • -Si at \\-\$ Vi * • without Si ft. un 2 t 1E0O 160 \ ... \ \ o. \ ttf'J :\ • \ / \j 140 I ] '*'**•'«•«««•••• *•? 11-0 i . i . . 9 10 IP- TO 21 22 23 E, keV M'v. degree f;g ? The spectra! intensity N deoondence on cy^^al totat-on Fig 1.DXR oxpoiimuntal spneua. an.-iKf u, 9 -N -the sum of counts m interval £=6-9 keV Thus, the preliminary results show that DXR beam obtained with use of described set up has the maximum at the energy of IIx-7.5±!.5 keV, that corresponds to energy of the first order diffraction maximum, according to the formula (I). !. Adishev Yu.N. //ZhETF, v. 90, v.3, p. 829-838. 2. Vnukov I.E. et all. // I/vestiya Vuzov., Phyzika, v. 3, p.35-5 I, 2001. 3. M.Yu.Andreyashkin et all. // X-ray generation produced by relativistic electrons in compound "multifoil structure + crystal" targets. - N1M B 119 (1996) 108-114 4 M.Bettschy et all. - First results of the tunable monochromatic gamma-ray source at the Ghent 15MeV linac- N1M B 99 (1995) 286-288. UZ0201695 EXPERIMENTAL SET HP FOR STUDY A HARD GAMMA- RADIATION SCATTERING ON VKRY SMALL ANGLES FROM SMOOTH SURFACE (BASED ON MICROTRONE MT-22S) 'Aliev F.K., 'Alimov G.R., 2lkramov A.K., 3Kumakhov M.A, 'iMumiuov A.T., 'Muminov T.M., 4Salikhbaev U.S., 2Safarov A.N., 'Skvortsov V.V., 'Usmaoov R.R., 2Khazratov T., 2Khakberdiev I., 4Yuldashev B.S. ' Institute of Applied Physics of NUll, Tashkent, Uzbekistan ? Nuclear Physics Laboratory of Samarkand Slate University. Samarkand, Uzbekistan J X-ray Optic Systems Institute, Moscow, Russia ' Institute of Nuclear Physics, Uzbekistan Academy of Science, Tashkent, Uzbekistan An investigation of hard gamma-radiation (EY=0,1+ 13 MeV) scattering on angles less than 0 1° from macro-smooth surface has been started at microtrone MT-22S [1]. A 300 meters long channel being adjoined to the microtrone gives a possibility to measure gamma- radiation scattering angles with high precision: 65 Section I Particles and Nuclei n i<5 I) ,£ -^*^*™^y^w^a LirtUrTrf7_jrrm^r^ru=7^ESI^r;^.:l;i "I'Ia (5" J fr- 15 330M The experiment layout is shown on Fig. 1 The electron bremsstrahlung (EB) beam is collimated by the C1-C2 collimators. Being cleared off secondary electrons by the permanent magnets (MI-M3), the EB beam passes through the gap collimator (GC) having gap width of 10-100 (.un and then is reflected from the plane reflector (PR). The gap collimator and the refleaor can be rotated in the vertical plane around the axes (01 and 02). Angle and energy distributions of the reflected beam are measured with a help of the mobile scintillaior detector (D) placed at mark of 330 m. A 5 mm vertical displacement of the detector corresponds to 0.001° angle rotation from a gamma-quanta beam direction. The most important and labor intensive processes ol expeiiment operation are to set positions of the gap collimator and the reflector with regard to TIB beam axis before measurements and to change angle between reflector plane and EB beam axis during a measurement Both procedures must be remote controlled without switching off accelerator and enable to shift GC and PR with micron accuracy. Fig.2. Remote controls of the incline angles are the same for GR.and PR (Fig.2). An angle change is operated by moving the pivot 1 in vertical plane with a help of the micrometer system (1,4,5). Working principle of the micrometer system bases on tile use of the bush (4) having external and interna! threads. The difference between an external thread step and an internal one is equal to 100 u.m. So when the bush is rotated one time a vertical shift of the pivot I is equal to 100 j.im. And when the gear 2 put throw the bush is rotated on a tooth the shift of the pivot 1 is equal to 1.05 u.m The gear 2 is rotated by electric motor through a reductor and a worm gearing. One power source pulse rotates the gear on a tooth A position of the pivot can be 200 — changed in the range of 0-200 uin. The incline angles of the collimator and the -.-0 IMi reflector, in addition to a lifting height of the i—I";— 0 0i' pivots, depend on distances between their rotate \ axes (O) and their contact points with the pivot f \ (Fig.2). At Of = 500 mm a 10 j.im shift of the SO I ,\ a' j,-' pivots corresponds to a 0,001 1° angle rotation of fit...A... ^...... 1...... 1.-.. the collimator or the reflector. 80 120 160 200 h cm The gap collimator and the reflector have Fig.3. manual appliances that are used to set their positions in their preparation for experiments. Section 1. P.uliclcs and Nuclei GR and PR shifts are controlled with a help of TV camera and micrometer indicator of "Kalibr" type. Spatial distributions of the bremstrahlung beam at mark of 330 m after passing the gap collimator (without reflector) and at two orientations with regard to the beam having incline angle difference of 0.01° are shown on Fig.3. One can see that the declining of the coliimator axis cause to the 5 cm shift of the maximum of the EB beam spatial distribution. The EB beam spatial distributions at the same mark and at two values of the reflector incline angles with regard to the beam axis, a, are shown on Pig.4. Incline angle change of a = 0.01° causes remarkable change of the right slope of the scattering gamma-quanta angle distribution. Remote controlled equipment tests have shown their reliability and suitableness for planned experiments. 'leferences 1. M A Kumakhov et al. Investigation of reflection of gamma-radiation from the j-urface. Proceedings of SPIE, v.4155, 2000, p.48-52 UZ0201696 . BACKGROUND ANISOTROPY IN EXPERIMENTS WITH BREMSSTRAHLUNG GENERATED BY ELECTRONS OF MICROTRONE MT-22S 'Aliev F.IC, 'Alimov G.R., 2Asatov U.T., 'Darvishkh «ljaev Kh., zSafarov A.N., 2Salihbaev U.S., zKhazratov N., 2Khakberdiev I. ' Institute of Applied Physics of NI III, Tashkent, Uzbekistan 'Nuclear Physics Laboratory of Samarkand State University, Samarkand, Uzbekistan Strongly pronounced spatial anisotropy of a high energy electron bremsstrahlung causes similar asymmetry of background radiation. Correct account of its contribution in analyzed energy spectra of gamma-radiation is one of the main factors that determine an accuracy of experimental results. Background contributions in spectra of scattered bremsstrahlung generated by electrons with energy of 22 MeV [I] are investigated in this work. The setup layout is shown on Fig. 1. By means of magneto-optical elements primary electron beam (EL = 22 MeV, lav ~ 1 (.IA) is transported to be incident on a bremsstrahlung target BT where it is converted into electron bremsstrahlung (EB). By the lead collimator system, Cl and C2 (0 13mm x 330 mm and 010mm x 330mm, correspondingly), the EB is transformed into a probe beam, cleared off charged particles by the permanent magnet, NS (H = 103 Oe), and passes into a hall for measurements through the hole in the concrete wall. The detector-monitor, M, and the target- scatterer, S, are placed on the symmetry axis of the probe beam. Quanta of the probed beam are detected with the detectors, D]-D4, placed in the beam plane at angles of 0 = 10°, 25°, 55° and 160° to the probe beam direction with a vertex in the geometric center of scattering. With 67 Section I. Particles and Nuclei a help of electronic equipment the spectrometer is detecting scattered q-uanta when the bunch of she probe beam passes through detector-monitor M (x =* 2,5j.is). Comparisons of background spectra (measurements Without a target) and corresponding spectra of EB scattered on the iead target (0 200mm x 10mm) are shown on Fig.2. Fig.?> ;ii 1-ig.l. The experimental setup layout: (T) target; (C!) and (C2) lead coliimators, (M) magnet; (DM) detector-monitor; (O) object under investigation; (D) detector; (S) simper; (CC) coincidence circuit; (UV) univibrator; (DL) delay line; (ADC) analog-to-digital converter; (LA) linear amplifier 9 2 4 0'—- 3D ctO fflj VJ3) 12D 21 4B 10 (CO VXD 1XD 5, r~ 1003 KO 1C3D y/^^. Experimental spectra of EB (generated by electrons with Ee - 2 MeV) scattered on the lead scatterer of 10mm thickness and background a angles of 0S = 10°, 25°, 55°, 160° and (j> = 90° 68 Section I. Particles and Nuclei shows ratio of intensities of the background to the scattered radiation with energies of analyzed spectra in the range of annihilation, AF^ ~ 430-570 KeV It is clear from the data, with increase of detecting angle the background contributions to the EB scattering spectra decrease from 16% at angle of Gs '-= 10° to 2% at angle of 9S = 160°. 20, 15 Pu. ;i=10rnm j E - 20 40 60 80 100 12C 110 160 180 /•/#•->'• Area ratio of •background/annihilation components" at the spectra of EB (generated by electrons with Ec =• 22 MeV ) scattered on the lead scatterer (d = 10mm) in dependence of scattering angle 6S Reference G.R.Alimov, D.E.Ziablov, M.A.Kumahov, T M Muminov, US Salihbaev, A.N.Safarov, R.R.Usmanov, T.Hazratov. Automated four-crystal scintillation spectrometer for •gamma-rays albedo investigation. Priboi 1 Technika Experimenta. 1998, #1, p.46, Moscow. UZ0201697 B->A+p ASYMPTOTIC NORMALIZATION COEFFICIENTS FOR 1/^SHELL NUCLEI FROM THE PROTON TRANSFER REACTIONS Artemov S.V., Zaparov E.A. Institute of Nuclear Physics, Uzbekistan Academy of Science, Tashkent, Uzbekistan In the last years some successful attempts have been made to use the asymptotic normalization coefficients ANC values (or corresponding nuclear vertex constant, NVC) obtained from conventional proton transfer reactions (energy range - few MeV -•• few tens MeV per nucleon) to extrapolate .V-factors for direct capture {/>,y) cross sections to energies of astrophysical interest [1,2]. ANC values of all nuclear states up to proton separation energy are needed for these calculations. Besides of element synthesis problem, the NVC data are useful as a probe of realistic ATV-potential form to be chosen. Panly such data was obtained for the ground and few lowest states of certain [//-nuclei in [3]. Here the available relevant proton transfer experimental data have been analyzed in framework of the method combining conventional DWBA and dispersion approaches [3,4], The (3He,t/) reactions (and reverse for ground slates) were under consideration because of their peripherality. Partly such processes as (C/JI) and proton transfer reactions with heavy ions (HI) after checking of their peripherality 69 Section 1. P;uiic!c-> and Nuclei were also analyzed here. The listed in table ANC squared vaiues are averaged with weights which are inverse proportional to errors. When two total angular moments jp of transferred proton are allowed, the ANC's values with fixed /„ are presented only if the corresponding Hl-data are available. Otherwise they are adopted in proportion to their theoretical values. The errors include both the experimental errors and the uncertainty in the DW'BA calculations. The majority of the used (''He,:/) cross section data for averaging is listed and referred in [3]. The ANCs !"B->';Be+/.> from [5] were taken into account. The data for analysis of ';Be(c/,//)l0B reaction at iirl and 16 MeV are taken from [6] and [7] respectively and for l0B(5.8 MeV from [8]. The 10B('He, C+/; was calculated The !''N(<:/,//)l5O experimental data at A,>. 1 1.8 MeV from \14] and references I5 14 in it were reanalyzed for obtaining of averageg d ANCs of the O-> N•*••/;/ . And at last '.he 1? experimental data on N(3He, Table 1 T 1 /.*, MeV(./7/) nlj C\ fm' A'*, MeV(./ ,7) "// C\ fm" 1()B->9Bc+p l4N->uC+p <>.0(3',0) l/>3 2 5.26+0.94 0.0 (1,0) 1/^1--2 18.81 1.7 0.718 (!\0) I/'1,2 5.50+1.3 l/h 2 -0.74 »/A(<2 2.98±0.70 2 313 (0 , 1) 1/^12 13.0 + 2.4 1 1.74 (0 , !) 7.95±1.1 3.948 (1,0) If';-! 2.54 ± 0.43 2.16.(i\0) \pm 1.46+0.29 4 915(0". 0) 2.V,-2 14.1 ±3.9 3.59 (2\0) 1/V2 0.26+0.06 5.106(2", 0) UA,2 0.42 ±0.06 4.77 (3', 0) 1/AV2 0.029+0.006 5.690(1", 0) 2.v, 2 9.3 ±3.1 5.11 (2", 0) 2* in 0.099-:-0.002 5.83 (3", 0) My 2 0.18 + 0.01 It/ • O.O35-5-O.23O 6.204(1', 0) 1/>K2 -0.06 5.17(2", 1) l/>l'-2 0.23+0.42 6.444(3", 0) 1/72 (22+7)<10° 5.92(2,0) \p -0.3 7.028 (2',0) 0.22+0.06 ; l5 u 6.03 (4',0) _j 1/7.2 -4x!0~ ' O--> N+p 6.13(3", 0) -0.23 0.0 (-1/2",1/2) 1/' 46.513.1 6.57 (2\0) \pra -350 l/^.t'2 45.8+3.0 !IC->10B+p. l/'l/2 ~ 1. 0.0 (3/2~, 1/2) \pvi 29±7 5.183 (1/2', 1/2) 2.V|/2 0.6910.31? 4.32 (5/2", 1/2) \P 1.8±0.48 5.241 (5/2', 1/2) lt/5,2 .082+0.013 12 C->"B+p 6.176 (3/2", 1/2) 1/^1/2 0.5310.04 r + 0.0 (0 , 0) 1/^3/2 223±31 6.785 (3/2 , 1/2) 2S!/2 13.915.8? 4.439 (2\ 0) 1/^1/2 15.8 ±3.5 6.859(5/2', 1/2) Min 0.281 0.05 + 7.654 (0 , 0) V^/2 1.2710.42 7.284 (7/2", 1/2) lt/5/2 0 5310.08 16 154 9 641 (3",0) W5/2 0.5810.11 0-> N+p 12.71 (l\ 0) \p\n 1.88 10.24 0.0 (0\ 0) 1/^1'2 2981 63 15.11 (f, 1) lpi/2 0.43-^0.10 6.13 (3",0) Mia 7.41 1.9 l3 I2 N-> C+p 7.12 (l",0) 2st/2 341 12 0.0 (1/2", 1/2) iy^i-2 3.2610.25 8.88 (2",0) Mia 1.61 0.4 10. 95(0",0) 2s,/2 461 14 70 1 •J'iylicksjmd. Nucloi . .. _ _. — References 1. C A Gagliardi ct a! Phys. Rev. C59 JV«2 (1990) I !49 2. SB luainov et a!. Phys At Nucl V. 60 (1997) 1 126 3. S.V. Artcmov et al Phys. At. Nucl. V 59 M3 < 1996) 454 l 4. I.R. Gulainov, A.M. Mukhamedzhanov, G K Nie. Yad. Fiz. 58 JML>10 (! >')5) 1789 5. A.M. Mukhamedzhanov et al. Phys Rev (56 M>3 (1997) 1302 6. S.G. Buccino, A.B. Smith. Phys. Lett. 19 (1965) it>54 7. Y.S. Part et al. Phys. Rev ("S '(197.1) I 557 8. W. Bohneet a! Nucl. Phys A157 A»2 (1970) 593, U. Janetzki et al. Nuc! Phys A267 JY«2 (1976)285 9. J.R. Comfort et al Phys. Rev C3 JY»J (I'^l) 1086 10. H Fuchs et al. Nucl. Phys. A105 (1967) 590 11. F. Hinterbcrger et a!. Nucl. Phys. A106 Mil (1968) 16) 12 P.Bern et al.. Phys. Rev. C62 (2000) 024320 13 13 L.Trache et al. Phys Rev. C58 JVs3 (1998) 2715 14 F. Aizenbcrg-Selove. •iucl Phys A268 X»! (1976) I 15 H. W. Fuibrighl et al. Phys. Rev. 184 .Nr»4 (1969) 1068 UZ0201698 GROUP-THEORETICAL APPROACH TO GIANT RESONANCE SPLITTING IN DEFORMED NUCLEI Baktybaev Iv. . Ahmtty State University, A/maty, Kazakhstan The main aim of this paper is to discuss the coupling between low - lying and high- lying collective modes in nuclei within the framework of group theoretical models. In particular, we study the splitting of the giant ciipole resonance in nuclei with an axial and triaxial deformation. The experimental manifestation of this coupling is the splitting of the collective strength. The splitting can be calculated by introducing high - lying bosonic modes, which we denote by S\ P\ D\ . ., and coupling them to the low - lying modes. We point out that, in some special cases., the mode - mode coupling can be treated analytically, using group theoretical techniques. The group theoretical techniques will allow us to derive analytic formulas for the splitting of the giant resonance in triaxialiy deformed nuclei, a result of considerable experimental interest. The cases we wish to discuss are those in which the low - lying states are described by reprentations of the group SU (3), while the high - lying collective state is the giant dipole state. The coupling problem is particularly amenable to a group theoretical analysis because the P' bosons transform under SU (3) as the components of a first rank, (I, 0), tensor. A similar approach can be used to discuss the coupling of low - lying SU (3) states to high - lying giant monopoly and quadruple state, since the latter transform as the SU (3) representation (2, 0), tensor However, we may now have only a moderately good approximation to those calculated numerically. One can easily extend the treatment of the coupling between low - lying and high King modes by enlarging the group SU (3) to the group U (6). Section I. Panicles and Nuclei UZ0201699 SUPER SYMMETRICAL PROPERTIES OF NUCLEAR STATES AND PARTICLE PAIRS IN THE CRANKED HARTREE - FOCK - BOGOLUBOV APPROXIMATION Bsjktybaev K., Kunnasheva J., Strygin P.P., Ramankulov K. Almuty State University, Almaiy. Kazakhstan Interacting boson modei has achieved a significant success in the phcnomenological description of collective motion in medium and heavy nuclei at low excitation energy [I]. However, there still remains some question why such a simple picture with S and D bosons works well, even in the deformed region, without the other higher bosons. On the other hand cranked Hartree l:ock - Bogolubov (HFB) approximation gives a splendid explanation of low- and high - spin states in the rare earth region from the microscopic point of view [2]. The merits of the cranked HFB approximation are its ability to treat collective- and single - particle aspects of nuclear structure on the same footing, and to take into account in a consistent way shape and pairing changes as well as rotational alignment. The main aim of this paper is to explore the microscopic foundation of the IBM in the framework of the cranked HFB model, and to see the mechanism of backbending in terms of the boson picture The numerical calculations are carried out for the structure of energy spectra and backbenjing phenomena of the isotope string of Er. Backbending of the moment of inertia of the yrast and J3 states can be reproduced reasonably. The gapeless superconductor effect, in which one of the quasipai tides starts to have negative energy, begins with the 10 states The calculated quadruple moment docs not change much as function of the spin of state I, although there is a delicate change corresponding to backbending. !. A.Arima, F lachello, Ann. Phys. I I I (1978) 201 2. K Baktybaev, Yadem. Phys. 42 (1978) 103 I. UZ0201700 ANALYTIC PROPERTIES OF FORM FACTORS AND ASYMPTOTICS OF NUCLEAR WAVE FUNCTIONS IN TWO-FRAGMENT CHANNELS Blokhintsev L.D. Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia Define the overlap integral (01) corresponding to the virtual dissociation a -> b -i- c ;(r»)4';(Tt.)Ta(Til,rt.rt.), (I) where T (r,) is the internal wave function of the system /. For brevity we neglect the long- range Coulomb interaction and consider spinless systems a, b and c, hence /(/") = l(r), r being the distance between b and c. In the general case the results given below are valid for the radial 01 Ih (r) corresponding to specific values of a channel orbital momentum / and channel spin v. For a wide class of processes, main contributions to their amplitudes come from the values of OI's at large?'. In particular, the asymptotics of OI's determines the cross sections for certain reactions, which are of interest for nuclear astrophysics [lj. Relating the 72 Section i. I'ariicics and Nudes 01 by a Fourier transform to the form factor (/'( /(/•)•=••(> s>//' • (> "•"''' r-> -x. (2) where Co and (\ are some constants, vis related to the binding energy in the a—>b+c vertex, v-v,,,., v ;. - J2//i( (/;?.+/?/,,-///,), //, -/»;/wA/(/w; +/»<), /Mi is a mass of a particle /, //v'| is the position of the singularity of (/( 0, and p >1 is determined by the type of this singularity The first term in Eq.(2) corresponds to the usually adopted "normal" asymptotics of the 01. If the system a consists of three or more constituents, then, as a rule, /v, is a proper singularity of one of the triangle Feynman diagrams of the type of Fig, 1 (the diagram 1) where b, c, if, e, and /are certain fragments, into which the composite system a can be divided. For such a diagram v, -- (mk / tntl)(Ktliii, r vW/ )and p-2 It has been shown [2] that it is possible that v, < v; in that oa.se the asymptotics of l(r) is determined by the second ("anomalous") term in Eq.(2). In the present study it is shown that for certain a -> h +c vertices the nearest singularity of the form factor may correspond to the diagrams 2 and 3 shown in Figs.2 and 3, respectively. The position /v, of the singularity of the diagram 2 coincides with that of the triangle diagram 1 with the inner line d corresponding to the virtual particle with the mass mA-md +m\^. Analogously, to obtain v, for the diagram 3 one should put eac mit = nij +nij and me - mc •(- ///, . The contributions of the diagrams 2 and 3 to (/( I3N + ;1H and 20Ne -> l70 + 3He (the diagram 1), "Be -> "Li + 3H and 12C -> 9Be + 'He (the diagram 2), and "'O --> >;Be + 7Be (the diagram 3). This work was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research under contract No. 01 -02-16621. a Fig. Fig2 d. a c Fig.3 1. A.M.Mukhamedzhanov et al., Phys. Rev. C51, 3472 (1995). 2. L.D.BIokhintsev, Yad. Fiz. 34, 944 (1981). 73 Section I. Panicles and Nuclei UZ0201701 (3He,cx) REACTIONS ON NUCLEI "Be, ni3C\ 14N, U'O AT ENERGIES 50 AND 60 MeV 2 2 'Rurtchaev NM 'iJasybckov K.B., 'Zhurynbacva G.S.. Nie G.K., Artemov S.V., 2Zjiparov K.A. ' Institute of'Nuclear Physics, NNC RK. A/maty, Kazakhs/an Institute of Nuclear Physics. Uzbekistan Academy of Science, Tashkent. Uzbekistan The differential cross sections of reactions ('l ie. a) as well as clastic scattering of He at wide ingiilar region on nuclei 'Be, '""C, "\i, '"() at energies 50 and 60 MeV have been measured at Cyclotron INP NNC of Republic of Kazakhstan [I]. The total error of the experimental measurement is less than 10%. Statistical error is about 1-5%. From analysis of the experimental angular distribution of elastic scattering cross sections a set of opiical potentials for describing elastic 'lie channel of the reactions has been obtained. For outgoing channel the optical potentials are taken from |2], The analysis of the ( He,oc) reaction has been made in frame of method combining DWBA and dispersion theory of direct nuclear reactions |3] In [3j it was shown that ( Table Nucleus Bound state Theoretical T.mpirical I allies parameters Values 2 A-»B+n V, MeV c S 1 G!2, I'm i G i', fm | i G i \ fm c-S ro, fm; a, fin (d.t) [ c'He,a), Eiai, ('He, a) a-->" He+n -65.4685 2.0 5.95 1.259, 0.25 'Be-->xBe +n standard. 0.58 0.05 0.03 0.01,23 MeV 0.10 1.25,0.65 0.01 ,,50 MeV 0 J 3 0.02, 60 MeV 0.23 IJC->"C + n -55.407 2.85 40.5 21.6, 50 MeV 1.52 1.373,0.55 19.7,00 MeV 1.39 UC -V2C + n -50.618 061 0.30 0.4 0.1 1, 23 MeV 023 1."166, 0.65 0.13. 50 MeV 0.26 0 12, 60 MeV 0.25 MN->"N+n -40.488 0.68 ' 1M"" 2.5 2.89, 23 MeV 0.75 1 484, 0.55 1.20, 50 MeV 0 29 6.4, 60 MeV i.54 "•O-V'O+n -44.292 2.0 28.99 r 1.498,0.55 0.68 •-> '""N+p 9.85 , 60 MeV The parameters of bound state potential obtained by method demanding equivalence of proton and neutron nuclear potentials for symmetrical nuclei and ones with Z-N (e.p.n. method) are used [4] in the analysis (except JBe For the case, the standard values of the parameters have been used). Using theoretical values of spectroscopic factors and the Section 1. Particles and Nuclei potential parameters some theoretical values of vertex constants have been calculated. So for a—>''He +n vertex constant is to be If/112 = 5 95 fm The results of calculations are presented in Table 1 All the reactions under study are peripheral ones. The reaction l-lN('''He,a)l"'N at E- 23 MeV [5] at the main peak of angular distribution goes with domination of pole diagram in the reaction amplitude. The empirical value of the vertex constant I4N-»|JN+/? obtained from the analysis is in agreement with those known from analysis of (c/,t) reactions at different energies [3]. As for other reactions there are differences between the values. The difference might be caused by not proper optical potential for outgoing elastic channel. !. Adodin V. V. et all. // Preprint INP , Almaty, 1992 2. M.Nolte et al. // Phys.Rev. C, 1987, v 36. JV-i, p. 13 12-1316. 3. I.R.. Gulamov, A.M. Mukhamedzhanov, O.K. Nie, Physics of Atomic Nuclei v, 58, 1995, 1689. 4. G.K. Nie, Proceedings of International Conference on Nuclear Structure, St.-Petersburg, Russia, June 2.000, p 124. 5. R. Gulamov, Doctoral Dissertation 1990 UZ0201702 SEPARATOR AND MAGNETIC ANALYZER FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF RECOILING NUCLEI Chepigin V,!., Yercmin A.V., Malyslicv O.N., Popcko A.G., Sagaidak R.N., Beiozerov A.V., Kabachenko A.P., Chehiokov MX., Gorshkov V.A., Korotkov S.I'., Svirihin A.I. b'lerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions, JINR, Dubna, Russia The electrostatic separator VASSILISSA [1] with upgraded detector system [2] was used in the experiments to synthesize the isotopes "112 and " '14 using " U and ~'' Pu targets. An additional possibility for the distinguishing of the isotopes produced in complete fusion reactions from multinucleon transfer reactions products and identification of new nuclides is the method of the measurement of atomic mass number of the ERs, synthesized during the experiment. In the case if the mass resolution of the experimental set up will reach value less than 0.5 % for heavy nuclei with masses in the region 270-290 amu one could make direct identification of the obtained isotope on the basis of its mass measurement. Some possibility is the use simple and compact systems which will allow to have mass resolution at the level of 1.5 - 3 %. For the mass region 270 - 290 amu it leads to the accuracy of 3 - 6 amu In this case, one could define bconging of newly synthesized nuclide to the region of superheavy nuclei formed from compound nuclei after complete fusion reaction between heavy ion and target nucleus. With the aim of continuation of the experiments on the synthesis and study of decay properties of superheavy nuclei the separator VASSILISSA was upgraded. For that purpose a new dipole magnet, having a deflection angle of 37 degrees, was installed behind the separator VASSILISSA replacing the old 8° magnet. The new magnet will provide an additional suppression of unwanted reaction products by a factor of about 100 and a possibility lo have the mass resolution at the level of 1.5 -2% for heavy nuclei with masses of about 300 amu. For 75 Section ! Particles and Nuclei the detection of heavy ER's at the focal plane of the new dipole magnet, a new detector system having a 32 strip detector assembly 60x120 mm2 in size and surrounded by backward detectors was also developed The test of the VASSILISSA separator with the new dipole magnet was performed, using for the analysis the evaporation residues produced in complete fusion reactions with Ar bombarding ions and targets IMDy and :iMPb were used Using the specific ion optical regime of the separator it was possible to see charge distribution of scattered ''V\r ions at the focal plane of separator. These data were used for calibration of TOF - Energy spectra together with the relation between strip number (deflection angle) - Bp (magnetic rigidity) of ER's. The only tirst test experiments were performed with new 37° dipole magnet installed behind recoi! separator VASSILISSA. Obtained results are very promising, it is possible now to dellne mass of the synthesized ER's with an accuracy oi~ 5-6 mass units. This provide an additional strength for identification ability in the experiments aimed to the synthesis of superheavy nuclei in complete fusion reactions between transactinide targets and ' Ca accelerated beams With the use of upgraded separator VASSILISSA we plan to continue the experiments aimed on the synthesis of superheavy nuclei in the vicinity of predicted spherical shells in complete fusion reactions between 'O<>S, llY'a ions and ^"Th, ^"'^u and "12'*"MPu targets. Even odd and odd- odd isotopes which could be obtained in reactions with 2i7Np and lllAm targets could have even longer half-lives than even Z elements 112 and. 1 14 The need 'o search for long correlations (up to few hours) become possible after the upgrade of the separator 1. A.V. Yeremm et.al., Nucl Instr. and Meth. B !26, (1997) 329 2. A.V. Yeremm et.al., Nucl. Instr and Meth. A 440. (2000) 86 UZ0201703 THE COUPLING OF COLLECTIVE BANDS IN DEFORMED NUCLEI Choriev B.Ch., Korjovov M.J., Yuldashcv M.li. Karshi Stale University, Kctrsht, Uzbekistan The experimental results on the dependence of the structural part of reduced probabilities for interband E2- transitions obtained in rets1', /<; UJD ---• V W2.iKn => /'oj"; i < /A',, 2 -K,/'o >!. (l) The "difference" of angular momenta of the final (I1) and initial (I) states, AI l'(I' < 1)- 1(1 i 1) have shown that in the case of interband transitional deexcitation of some high-lying states the function (1) is not described by the Mikhailov's formula 2). We have analysed in the some our paper the behaviour of the function (1) (known as the Mikhailov's plot) in the framework of a simple phenomenological model (improved 3-band mixing model) and derived to first-order perturbation theory the formula for this function taking into account mixing of g- and b-bands. In particular, we have modified the Mikhailov's formula (for AI^O); F, (A/) = A-/; + M:&I+A/; M :, (2) and obtained the new formula for 1 61 transition (Dl~0): F,.(A/=0) -IV; +HUV + 1) (3) here M and B are constants (see :'4) Our investigations showed that the last terms in (2) and (3) (the nonlinearity of Mikhailov's plot for AI*0 and structure of'point" in the framework of Alaga rule for Al-O) are caused by strong mixing of [3- and y-bands with close level spacing or/and by the difference of qiiadmpole moments or/and by the great nondiagonai matrix elements of the E2- transition operator on phonone states. References 1. C.Y.WU et al., Nucl.Phys. A533(1991)359 2. A.Bohr and B.M.Motlelson, Nuclear Structure, V.2 (Benjamin, NY, 1975) 3. B.Ch.Choriev Nucl.Phys. A523( 1991) 3 13 4. R.B.Begjanov et al., Nucl.Phys. A575(I994) 237 UZ0201704 QUANTUM ENSEMBLE MODEL Cluidakov V.M. 1'hysicul Technical Institute, Tashkent, Uzbekistan Standard quantum mechanics disclaims the existence of trajectory of the microobject. A nonstandard interpretation is suggested in present work. It is a quantum ensemble model (QEM). According-to classical mechanics electron of hydrogen atom moves along ellipsis, and nucleus is resting in a focus of it. In QEM electron moves along other trajectory. The equation of panicle motion along the trajectory of quantum ensemble is suggested in this work, and examples of its integration are presented for different fields and ensembles (free particle, decays into two particles, one-dimensional rectangular potential box with infinite high walls, electron in hydrogen atom). The equation of motion allows finding the particle coordinates as functions of time with the help of known ensemble wave function and primary coordinates. Tin; distribution of primary coordinates is determined by standard wave function at t=0, and particle motion along trajectories which form a quantum ensemble agrees with dependence of v ave function on time, predicted by Shroedinger equation. In any field at large quantum numbes of ensemble it consists of classical trajectories. The probability predictions of model do not differ from the predictions of standard quantum mechanics but have the other physical sense. The model explains easily the interference of electrons incident on the screen with two slots, the passage of particle through the potential bar ier and Einstein-Podolski-Rosen paradox. Einstein disputed the completeness of quantum mechanics. In addition to standard theory, QEM predicts not only the probabilities but also the coordinates as functions of time. 77 Section I. Particles and Nuclei ...... _,„.. - UZ0201705 EXCITE!) SI AXES OF DEFORMABLE NONAXIAL ODD NUCLEI Sharipov Sh., iCrmainatov M..1. Institute of Nuclear Physics, Uzbekistan Academy of Science, lashkent, Uzbekistan The eigen value and eigen function of Hamiltonian of deformable nonaxial odd nucleus rotating and making P and y vibrations are found The excitation energy for the nonaxial deformable odd nucleus is as follows: -2 f + 0 5 t 2.25 /o where ///(is a quantum number of p vibration, //> is that of y vibration, / is a spin of odd nuclei, la is thai of in ground state, x is the number of eigen values corresponding to the same /, d/4, yo) is the eigen values of rigid asymmetrical rotator v, (c,^,,)is that of in ground state, y,>\$ a parameter of nonaxiality, £;, #/( and gr are non dimensional parameters of the theory. /•,'2-iranstion probabilities and quadrupole moments of excited states 'of deformable nooaxial odd nuclei are calculated including high spin states Comparison of the results of calculations with experimental data in a wide range of mass number showed that the proposed model satisfactorily describes the ratios of energy levels, /^-transition probabilities and quadrupole moments of deformable nonaxial odd nuclei UZ0201706 THE FIRST PICOSECOND SCINTILLATOR - ZnSe(Te,O) CRYSTAL Gafarov A.A., lbragimovst E.M., Koblik Yu.N., Kist A.A., 'Ryzhikov V.D. Institute of Nuclear Physics, Uzbekistan Academy of Science, Tashkent, Uzbekistan 'Concern "Institute for Single Crystals", Kharkov, Ukraine The particle and nuclear physics uses the best NaJ and CsJ scintillator crystals with an energy resolution Mi ~ 1+6 % and a time-response (//?) ~ fis and the best organic scintillators with A/-J > 5 % and tR ~ us. It is a challenge to improve both the time properties and A/I. The aim of this work was to study the time properties of a new type of ZnSe (Te,O) scintillator [1] at y-ray-irradiation, and also UV-puIse laser at 300 K. Samples had a concentration of Te from 0.01 to 0.57 % (mass). The setup consisted of fast PMT FEU-30 2 41 57 with HV-unit, a Tektronix 465B oscilloscope, ' Am and Co y-sources, N2 laser with X=337 nin and 12 ns-pulses and a picosecond oscilloscope C7-8 (see fig.). Photoluminescence spectra (PL) and afterglow (AG) of the crystals were excited by the laser. FEU-30 has a 78 Section I. Panicles and Nuclei single-electron function F~ 5.7 ns. Spectru of PL. at 300 K consisted of a wide band peaked at 600-630 nm The deconvolved duration of PL was the same as the laser pulse (12 ns). The amplitude of AG was broadening clue to the crystal's t-d , one can estimate the value of /« < 60 ps for the y-ray induced scintillations. Shoil responses o( 10 ps were also observed in ZnSe(Cd) [2]. Such a fast response is likely due to some intrinsic lattice defects Tektronix 465 B Oscilloscope C7-8 w \ I rvII I . I \ I 1; • . II I • • . I I , • !• i • • ' . t ! • t I •H+4-WH+»4-»-M—:-H+—- r-H t.i^iv ft ii -t-t i , 5 hs Rd =25 0 0 Rd =25 i) RA-50 U 'IVklnmli 4i.* li •Vi ml. I ^ An Qii )fr Si i".= li SO /iv Dvlitj 1-7-H \\\ is i i !iif @ # © IP I ; o e -J I ' ® rr« I ; ,-> i . y> © © ! l_JLiL_J LCL^i:^ I O O "a © @ « .,. The work is supponed by INTAS grant .Nr» 99-01348. 1 - Scintillating Crystals and Based on Detectors of Ionising Radiation L.V. Atroshcenko et al., Kiev. Naukova Dumka. 1998, pp. 1-275 2. T.Tokizaki et al., Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 38 (6a, Pt. 1), 3362 (1999). 79 UZ0201707 Section I. Particles and Nuclei NEW ISOSPIN EXCITATIONS - COMBINATIVE ISOBAR RESONANCES Gafarov A.A., Khugaev A.V., Koblik" Yu.N. Institute of Nuclear Physics, Uzbekistan Academy <>f Science, Fashkent, Uzbekistan The Excitaiion Function (EF) fluctuations ("doorways") at lowering a projectile energy, turn into ones named the Resonances in the Taruet-Projectile-SyMem (RTPS). The goal of this paper was to develop our new approach [1,2] providing prediction and study most part of the fluctuations and RTPS as a new type of isospin excitations the Combinative Isobar Resonances (CIRs) showing formation of Intermediate nuclear Systems (IS) at the beginning of interaction. The approach is based on the projectile-stimulated "soft-7r" modes [3-5] leading to IS which decay into both known channels and exotic ones, for example, the projectile- l2 stimulated fi-decay. A large number of the C1R were found in the precise EF of C(p, po) 7 l2 [2,6], Li(p, p0) [7], C(d, d,,) [8] The main CIR was precisely identified in the first EF and interpreted as the projectile-stimulated fi-decay [2] at /y-10.480 MeV with direct I3C* production (broad state 13 MeV ). The latest confirmations of CIR are shown in fig.: (top) - ; l2 I4 the El of C(d. do) with levels of compound C\ (down) - comparison with the CIRs including the strong or mixed interactions (strong-weakrelectromagnetic) for the main sets of particles and nuclei Therefore, very expected projectile-stimulated (5-decay may become the first key process in the review of fusion cycles, but also it may be promising in the Accelerator Driven Transmutation of nuclear waste. 1. A.A. Gafarov et al. Proc. of LEND-95, XV Nucl. Phys. Divis. Conf, St.-Petersburg, Russia." April 18-22, 1095. p. 469-472. 2 A. Gafarov et al Proc of ISS'97 the Int. Seminar Structure of Particles and Nuclei and their Interactions. Tashkent, Oct. 6-13. 1997, Dubna W9S, p 221-225. 3. A.B. Migdnl. Fermions and bosons in strong fields. Moscow. 1978. p. 3 1-149. 4. T E.O. Ericson Physics with Beams of Virtual Pions. CERN-TH 7228/94 5 T. Yamasaki et al. Discovery of the deeply bound 7t'-states in the 20SPb(d, "'He) reaction. Z Phys. A 355, 219-221 (1996) 6. J. i>. Swintetal., Nucl. Phys. 86 (1966) p. 119-129. 7. Philip R. Malmberg , Phys. Rev. 101,116(1956). 8. M.F. Jeronymo et al., Nucl. Phys. 43 (1963) p.417-423. Compound nucleus Section I. I articles and Nuclei MeV UZ0201708 NUCLEAR VERTEX CONSTANT >OR THE VIRTUAL DECAY I3N-»p+12C AND ASTROPHYSICAL S-r ACTOR OF THE 12C(p,y)13N REACTION AT EXTREMELY LOW ENERGIES 'lganiov S.B., 2Tiirsunnuiratov T.M., 'Yarinukhamcdov R. 'Institute of Nuclear Physics, Uzbekistan A< ademy of Science, Tashkent, Uzbekistan 'Uzbekistan State Space «Uzbckcosmos», Tashkent, Uzbekistan The "C(p,y) "N reaction is the first one in the CNO cycle and a knowledge of reliable value of its astrophysicai S-factor (ASF) S(E) is therefore of importance at stellar energies (E<50 keV). In this work within the framework of the R-matrix approach we reanalyze the experimental ASF of the '*C(p,Y)'"'N reaction at energies E below the resonance energy EK-457 keV and Eu-1699 keV [1], which corresponds to the first and the second excited states of the nN nucleus, taking into account the information about the nuclear vertex constant (NVC) Gp (or, equivalently, the asymptotical normalization coefficient (ANC) Cp) for the virtual decay ' N— > p+l2C (the overlap integral of the internal bound-state wave functions of 81 Section ! Particle^ and Nuclei I2C and nN nuclei). We found that the contribution from smalt relative distances r of the colliding particles, into the S(H) is less than 10 % at energies Ei'500 keV. Hence, in the used method the problems related to uncertainty arising from the interior contribution and choice of incident channel parameters do not occur since the direct radiative capture amplitude is expressed in terms of the NVC GP(or ANC C.,) by independent model It should be noted that there is only single parameter- the NVC Gp in the used method Here we use the resonance 2 parameters for proton and y widths from the work [?.]. Changing the values of jGP| from 0.23 fm up to 0 51 fm. which were obtained from the analysis of the experimental differential cross sections of the l2C(3He,d)nN reaction and theoretical calculations in the works [3.4,5], we found that the best fit (by minimization y^iy^-Q 76)) the experimental ASF is derived with the 2 1 value of jG-,j =0.34 fm or Cp=i.43 fm" ^ The latter is in excellent agreement with the value of |GPi -0.34 fm [4] and is in a noticeable discrepancy with the theoretical estimation |Gp|*=0.51 12 2 fm (Cp^l.75 fm" ) [5j. Taking into account the fact that the value |Gp| =0.34 fm has been obtained by independent model, from the analysis of the uC(3He,d)13N reaction [4], it was used for ASF S(E)ca!culation at energies of E-0, 25 and 50 keV. The following values of ASF has been obtained: S(0) =1.56 keVb; S(25keV)=1.68 keVb and S(50keV)=l.79 keVb. The value of S (25keV) =1.68 keVb is slightly bigger than its theoretical estimation SteSkeV)^ 1.45+0.20 keYb [1], which was obtained without taking into account the infomation about value of Gp.The calculated astrophysical S-factor S(E) is used for calculation of the reaction rates as a function of stellar temperature Ty within the range 10" < Tv<10. .Our results are 25 % larger than those of the previous calculation presented in [6]. Possible reasons are being discussed. 1 C.Rolfs and RE. Azuma, Nuci. Ph>s. A227( 1974)291 2. F.Ajzenbebrg-Selov. Nucl. Phys. A 152(1970)1 3. Sh S.Kajumov, A MMukhamedzhanov, R.Yarrnukhamedov, Abstract 39th inter. Conf. On Nuciear Spectr. And Struc. Nucl., Moscow, N89.P.408 4. R.Yarmukhamedov, Phys. Atom. Nucl. 60(1997)910 5. A.M Mukhamedzhanov and N.K.Timofeyuk, Phys Atom. Nucl. 51(1990)679 6. C.Angulo eta!. Nucl. Phys. A656( 1999)3. . • UZ0201709 COULOMB BREAKUP OF A LIGHT NUCLEUS BY AN ULTRARELATIVISTIC HEAVY ION Irgaziev B.F., Kalantlarov Sli. National University of Uzbekistan, lashkent, I hbakistan The Coulomb breakup a + A -> b • c •)- A , (1) where a is a light nucleus, which is dissociated to particles h and c in the Coulomb field of a heavy ion A, has been suggested as an indirect method to obtain information about radiative capture cross section at astrophysical relevant energies [1]. There is question on account three-body Coulomb effects in the final state of the considered reaction. The influence of these effects become negligibly small if the collision energy goes to the ultrarelativistic energy, because the field of the ultrarelativistic ion suffers the relativistic contraction along the direction of its motion. The Coulomb potential produced by an ultrarelativistic ion in Section 1. Particles and Nuclei uniform motion is shown in the appropriate gauge to factorize into a longitudinal S(z-ct) dependence times a simple two-dimensional potential solution in the transverse direction [2J. Such potential leads to the simple form of the amplitude of the icaction (i) if the semiclassical approach is used at large impact parameters of the collision We can calculate the breakup amplitude in the fust order time-dependent penubation theory. The cross section of reaction (!) can be seen as a product of the probability amplitude of exitation the nucleus a from the initial state to the final state and the elastic cross section of the nucleus a in the Coulomb field of heavy ion. We note that the scattering angle must be small [!] C. A. Bertuiani, and G. Baur, Phys. Rep 103 (1988) 299 |2J A J. Baltz, Phys. Rev. I(>. 78(1997) 1231. UZ0201710 INFLUENCE OF THE THIRD CHARGED PARTICLE ON THE RATE OF TWO-BODY RADIATIVE CAPTURE Irpaziev B.F., Utaimirsidov R. National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan The probability of reaction per unit of time is necessary as an input for calculation of nuclear burning chains in stars. The standard model of the stellar burning processes assumes that the radiative capture of nuclei is generaled by two-body nucleus-nucleus collisions without the influence of medium Indeed from the simple geometric consideration follows that the frequency of two-body collision per unit volume is much more than the three - body collision frequency in the center of the Sun or the other normal type stars [I], But the three - body collision can play the important role in the center the hot stars at temperatus^(9 ~ 1OX K and for nucleosynthesis of the earliest stage of Universe. The temperature even in the center of a hot star is less than lOy K. Therefore the average energy of collision is less than 100 KeV, which is small value for nuclear physics. For amplitude calculation of the reaction a 1 h —» c -i- y (I) in the presence the third charged particle we used the first order of perturbation theory over the electromagnetic interaction. Also we have used the long wavelength approximation., which is valid for reaction (I) at the small collision energy. The main contribution to the amplitude follows from the electric dipole transition For the initial three-body wave function we used the asymptotic wave function [2] which is correct when the distance between the particles a and A is small and the distance from the center of mass of panicles a and b to the third charged particle is large. This three-body asymptotic wave function smoothly matches with the Redmond-Merkuriev wave function when all three particles are well separated. The final state wave function is taken as a product of the bound state wave function of the particle c~{ah) to the Coulomb scattering wave function of the third particle on the particle a. [\\ N.V. Shevchenko, S.A. Rakityansky, S.A. Sofianos and V.B. Belyaev, J.Phys.G: Nucl. Part. Phys. 25(1999)95. [2] A.M. Mukhamedzhanov and M. Lieber, Phys. Rev. A54 (1996) 3078. Section I. Particles and Nucici UZ0201711 CLUSTERING GENERATION OF BOSONS THEORY (ROTATIONAL LIMIT) Kabulov A.B. Ahnaty Stale University, Altnaty, Kazakhstan An important form of collective motions of nucleons in atomic nuclei is a cluster mode. In this case the collective variable of the lowest order has the dipole character. An algebraic description of tiie cluster motions is realized by means of bosons of scalar, jn=0', and vectorial, j"-1", types Operators of s- and p- bosons fill up a space, which provides a basis for representation of the U(4) - group. It is interesting to investigate reductional chain for the group U(4). In this paper, the reduction: U(4) 3 SU(3) 3 0(3) is investigated. This reduction is the rotational limit of the group U(4). The generators of the SU(3) - group are the operators of total momentum of bosons lM and the quadrupole Q;, . The SU(3) symmetrical Hamiltonian function of the lowest order is as follows: The calculation of electrical transitions is realized by the method of ortogonalization of the Elliott's basis. To calculate the matrix elements of Q(, operate- we go from the Vergados basis to the Elliott basis. Using these values one can construct the reduced matrix elements of 0,i. Of particular importance here are those between members of the ground - state band. One obtains H{E2\I -> / - 2) = a? -• I-(-I--[)-—{A' - / + 2)(W + / + 1) 24(2/ + l)C'l) A comparison with experimental data was carried out for atomic nuclei "'O, 1K0, 20Ne, 74Mg. Energy spectra of these nuclei have a pronounced rotational structure. The parameters are determined in theory. UZ0201712 INVESTIGATION OF THE EXCITED STATES OF THE 161Er 12 IsIamovT.A., 'Kalinnikov V.G., 2Kambarova N.T., 'Lebedev N.A., 'Sointshkin A.A., 3Egorov O.K., 3Kolesnikov V.V., 3Silacv V.I., 2Muminov T.M., 'Ibrahim Y.S. 1 Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia Institute of Applied Rhysics, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Rhystcs, Moscow, Russia Spectra of the electron internal conversion, y -rays and y -y - coincidences at the lolTm -> "''Er decay were explored by the /?- spectrographs of resolution 0.03% with, the steady magnetic field [1] and by the high precision Ge-detectors of different volumes. The radioactive sources l61Tm were obtained by mdiation of the tantalium target on the internal proton beam (Ev "660 MeV ) of the phasotion of J1NR by sequential fast chromo-tographic and electromagnetic mass-separations. The sources for the /?- .spectrographs were prepared 84 Section !. {'articles and Nuclei by electrolisys deposition of the radioactive Tin on the 1't wire of 100 mkm diameter. Treatment of the ft- spectrogramm on the photoplates was performed by the automatic microphotometer and micioscope MAS-1 [2J. The aieas of the electron internal conversion spectrum of Tm are presented in Fig. I. vl ; The y -transitions of the decay of " Tm (/(; 37 min) 230 were determined. The mul- tipolarities of 80 y - transitions were established and 30 of them were defined from the ratio of intensities of/-r, /.•>-. A.i-lines. From the decay of " Tm. the single-panicle states of "Er with following characteristics: 3/2' [521 ]-() keV. 5/2" [523]-172.0 keV, 11/2" [505J-396.5 keV, 5/2' [642]~212>> keV, 5/2" [512J-843 0 keV. Ml [|402]f[651 ]}-369.4 keV (Fig.2) were comcluded. Quantum characteristics of ground state of Tmas the 7/2 [404] were unambiguously established from the quantity of population of states of 161 Er and difference of mass '(llTm — l(lEr {Op • 3.5 MeV). A sequence of the levels with even and odd spins./4 1/2 of the rotational band for state 5/2' [042] was established from our data and the data of the (or, Mty) reaction [3], In this sequence of levels, the configuration of the spherical shell /n? observed to be mixed. The calculation of the rotational spectrum above the isomer state of energy 189.46 keV performed in the frame of the nonadiabatic model [4] showed that the 5/2' [642] configuration is a main component in the low laying states. The level of 2044.5 keV of 1(>1Er has a low value log/r * 5.0, i.e. the allowed non-retarded beta - transition //5/2' [523] <->//7/2" [523]. According to the supertliud nuclear model by V. Splovev, the 2044 5 keV level can be interpreted as a three quasi-particle one which is of type: 9/2' \p\H2' [523], p-pIT [404], »5/2"[523]}. The life time '/' 12 {(Jo) of the nine excited states '"'Er and the reduced probabilities of the #(CT/.)CM, were calculated by the method of "internal nuclear vyatch' [5], The comparison of experimental 8{cyL)CXp and theoretical single-particle estimation of !hi(a A)uw.>i according to method of Weiskopf showed that the rotational /^-transitions are equal to B{fC2)= 0.1 -r 1.8 J 22 e"e b and enhanced 2-3 order of magnitude id reference to B\\{<5L) $.xot The values of 2 B{M\).y.p~ 10' -5-1 mui are in good agreement with Bu{crL^M. The interrotational A-/I-, 2 1 2 3 4 2 2 E2- and AM-transitions have values #(A/I)=IO" -r I0"" // 11UL,, B{K2)^ 10"" + 10' e b B{E\)"\0'<> -r 10*7 e2b2 and are retarded relatively to the corresponded internal rotational transitions. The Alagi rule for the above considered transitions is violated that indicates on strong configurational mixing of the under explored states by the Coriolis interaction. The probability of the. forbidden transitions with &K~2 are less than the probability" of allowed transotions with AA>1 by factor of one hundred. lslum'ber Fig. 1. The part of the spectrum of radioactive isotope Tm. 85 Seciion i Particles and Nuclei l£ie< Fig. 2. The fragment of the level scheme of'"'Er. 1. A. A. Abdurazakov, T.A Islamov, A.Kb. Kholmatov et al.. 'The atlas of the spectra of the internal conversion elections of the neutron deficit radioisotopes with ,4 = 131-172", Publishing olTice Uzbekistan", Tashkent, IWI, P. 346. 2 Yu. D. Aleshin, B.B. Kolesnikov, B.I. Silaev, The devices and technics of experiment", 1997, No.2, P 43-46. 3. S A. Hisort et al. Nucl. Phys. A144, 513 (1970)4. Ml Baznat, N.I. Pyatov, M.I. Chernoi, Phys. of Elem. Part and At Nucl. 4, 941 (1973)5. B S. Djelepov et al., Izvestiya AN SSSR, ser.phys. 5, P.84 (1978). UZ0201713 INVESTIGATION OF IMF RADIOACTIVE DECAY OF l60Er -V 60liuR Ho -»» 161600Dy 'Adam J., 2Wagner V., JEgorov O.K., 22ZvolskZ a V., 2Zvolsky J., 'ibralieera Y. S., MIstamovT.A., 'Kaliitnikov V.G.'4Kambarova N. T., 2Kracik B., 'Lebedev N.A., 'iNovgorodov A.F., 'Solnyshkin A.A., lStegailov V.I., 'Serceter .)., 2Fiser M., lCaloun P. 'joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dublin, Russia 2Nuclear Physics Institute, Rez. ('zech Republic 3Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow, Russia 4 Institute of Applied Physics, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan The investigation of the excited states of even-even deformed nucleus l60l60Dy was carried out for many years in the different nuclear centres in the world by the decay of F.r and in the nuclear reactions [1]. The investigation of the decay'60Er-> m m' gHo -> 160Dy performed in the NP1 (Rez, Czech Republic) c\nd in the JINR (Dubna, Russia). In the 1NP the source produced by the 16lDy (lHe, 3n) lt>0Er, enriched isotopes (88 % ll>lDy) of the 18.7 mg were irradiated for 60 hours at the isochronous cyclotron with ^He beams of 2 j^A and 39 MeV energy. After 5 hours by the end of bombardment Er fraction was separated by chromatographic method, which was re-cleaned after 16 hours. In the JINR, radioactive sources of lolJEr were obtained from the phasotron of Laboratory of Nuclear Problems by spallation reaction. The tantalum target of 5 g was irradiated by 660 MeV and current 5 uA protons beam in. the phasotron of the JINR. Then from target separated Er fraction by chromatographic method. The 160Er was extracted by electromagnatic mass-separation in the ISOL complex of Yasnapp-2. 86 Section I. Particles and Nuclei The spectra was investigated by y-radiation. v-y coincidences and electron internal conversion by using the HP Ge- detectors in the various volume, anli-eompton spectrometer, 2ity[2 magnetic doubie-focussing spectrometer, magnetic spectrometer of (mini-orange) type with Si(Li) detector and p*-spectrographs with permanet magnetic field. Sources for the speetrouraphs were prepared by electro-deposition Kr fraction on the Pt wire of 100 um diameter. Evalution of the conversion spectra on ihe photoplates was performed by the automatic microphotometer and microscope MAS-1 [2|. From 752 "i!lHr y-transition decays observed, the multipolarities of 250 y-transitions were determined and mixing multipolarities for 5 y-transitions were defined from the ratio of intensities of the electron internal conversion lines in the l.-subshei!s. In the decay of 1('° '"'BHo established 160 excited slates of u'°Dy. Observed states with quantum characteristics (JK) and energies as the following: 00 - 0, 2'2- %9.7, 2'2 - 1264.7, l'l - 1285.6, 00 - 1279.9, 4'4 J n 5/2' [523] + n 3/2" [521]} - 1694.3, 4"4 {n 5/2" [642] + n 3/2' [521]} - 1786, 11 {n 5/2" [523] - n 3/2" [521] } -1804.8 keV and their rotational states In addition to the previous our work [3] we introduce new states '"'Dy with energies E,(Py~ 966.8(8), 1456.7(2), 1617.3(7 ), 1643.3(3,4), 2130.6(3), 2323.2(2,3), 2354 6(2'), 2367.5(3), 2602.7(1,2), 2610.0(2). 2634 7(1-3), 2681.8(4,5), 2697.8(1,2'), 2704.3(2'), 2718.9(2"), 2729.8(2"), 2851 7(1') and 2806.3(1,2') keV. Special consideration we gave to rcaserch established in the reaction (t,p) [4] for excited level 0' at the energies 1457 and i709 keV by observed corresponding E0- E2- transitions. In the EC/p decay of !<1° "l>8Ho such levels not detected. Rasmussen parameters X= B (E0)/B(E2) < 2.2 10° and 3.5.10"2 respectively, where as well-known from the decay of l6° '"'8Ho, 0' states 1280 arid 1953 keV have values X=0.31 and 1.4 respectively. From the photonuclears reactions (y,y ) [5] determined collective states of isovector type in the lo(jDy in the region of 2.8 - 3.0 MeV with spin .TH*. From our data can be done conclusion that in the decay of l60mHo (j"-2") such states of l60Dy become excited at the following energies £,(!*): 2822( 1+), 2861 (1'), 2877( 1") and 3061 (1') keV. 1. Table of isotopes, 8th ed., NY 1996. 2. Yu. D. Aleshin, V. V. Kolesnikov, V. 1 Silaev, "The devices and technics of experiment", 1997, No.2, P. 43-46. 3 V. G. Kalinnikov, T. A. Islamov and et al., lzv. Akad. Nauk SSSR 33(1969) 635-648- Proc. Inter. Conf. on Nucl. Spect. And Nuc'l struct., St.-Peterburg, 1998, P.62 , St- Peterburg, 2000, PI 58-159. ' , 4. D G Burke et al. Nucl. Phys. A483(1988), P 221-243 5. C. Wesselbord et al. Phys. Lett. B207(1988), P.22-26. UZ0201714 MI-RESONANCE IN THE NUCLEI OF SD-SHELL 1Kachan A.S., 2Korda V.Yu. NSC "Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology•". Kharkov, Ukraine 'Scientific and 'technological Center of Electrophysics, NAS, Kharkov, Ukraine Having studied y-decays of the resonance-like structures observed in the reactions of radiative capture of protons by 2lNe, 25Mg, 29Si and 33S nuclei, we identified for the first time the magnetic dipole resonance (MDR) built on the ground states of the odd-odd 4N+np 22Na, 87 Section I. Particles and Nuclei *6A1 and M>P nuclei and performed the search for MDR in vtCi nuclei f! |. The position of the center-of-gravity (COG) of MDR ( EC!,-IkEkBk(MI )/lkB^;M I) ) in these nuclei differs from that in 4N nuclei by 3 McV and, in fact, does not depend on mass number A (it is usually ! thought that this dependence must be of the form E,..s--40-A' •'). We explained the new fact by assuming the existence of the triplet neutron-proton pairing. The joint analysis of the MDR total strength and position in 4N. 4N + 2n and 4N-t-np nuclei shows that the formation of MDR in these nuclei is strongly influenced by the valence nucbons and that the MDR COG is determined not only by the energy of spin-orbit splitting but also by the strengths of both of the nn(pp)-pairing and the np-pairing as well The similar analysis for odd nuclei shows that the position of MDR COG in these nuclei depends on the state of odd particle: dv: or d*,:. The position of MDR COG in the first case must be in the region of excitation energies of 5-6 MeV because this position is determined by the energy ol' spin-orbit splitting only. In the second case, the nn- or pp-pairs from cU-;-subshel! can participate in the formation of MDR and the position of MDR COG in odd nucleus will then slightly differ from that position in neighboring even nuclei with (A-1), i.e . it will be situated in the region of excitation energies of 8-10 MeV. In the present study, y-decays of the resonance-like structures observed in 2 Ne, *('Mg, JOSi, "WS, MS (p. y) nNa, "AI, -"P. "Cl, Ci reactions are investigated in the region of excitation energies of 9-i I MeV. The measurements of the excitation function of these reactions are carried out in the region of energies of accelerated protons E,,-!-3 MeV. These measurements were held on. the electrostatic accelerator of National Scientific Center "Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology" [2]. The analysis of the data measured and the data found in literature is performed with the help of the software created on the basis of refined genetic algorithm with negative selection pressure [3], The spin and parity of the studied resonances, the branching coefficients, the inultipole mixing coefficients and the probabilities of y-transitions are determined from the analysis of the decay schemes. All the studied transitions are mainly the Ml-transitions with the small admixture of E2-multipolity. The obtained distributions of the strengths of M I -transitions in 2?Na, Al, ' ' P, 'Cl. C! nuclei have resonance character (Fig. 1). The positions of MDR COG in 2"*Na, ""Mg and Al are equal to 5.6±0 2, 5.8±0:2 and 6.i±0.2 MeV respectively and aie situated in the region of excitation energies which is expected for nuclei with unclosed ds/2-subshell, i.e. they are defined only by the energy of spin-orbit splitting. The MDR COG built on the ground states 31 of P? "Cl, "CI nucieiire equal to 8.5±0.3, 9.1 ±0.1 and 10.5±0.2 MeV respectively and are situated in the region of excitation energies expected for the odd nuclei with closed d?2- subshell. In other words the position of MDR COG for these nuclei are affected by the magnitude of nn(pp)-pairing in ds/2-subsheIl. 40 Fig.J. The positions of the COG of Mi- resonance for odd nuclei of sd-shell. Open circle shows data from [4]. 1. Kachan AS. et al. // Yad. Fiz. 1989. V. 49. P. 367. 88 Section I i'itrlicles rind Nuclei 2 Kachan A S. et a!. // Yad. Fiz. 1990 V 59 P.775 3. Korda V Yu , Shlyakhov N.A. // Problems of atomic science and technology 2000. .N« 2 (36) P.24. Korda V. Yu. // Journal of Kharkov National University. 2001 N» iO, issue 1(13) P41 4. Endt PM.//Nucl Phys. A. 1990 V. 521 PI UZ0201715 THK COEFFICIENTS SCHEMES OFF 153 Gd LEVELS Knrahodjacv A.K. [•'acuity of Physics, Natiinuil University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan The coincidence spectrum of gamma-rays with interval conversion electron (ICE) have been measured in decay l?'Tb III . In given work the cofficient schemes of «a» gamma transition for coincidence with ICE K109.8 and K68.2 keV have been investigated. The ratio of photopeaks area in coincidence spectrum lo photopeaks area in single gamma-spectrum, denoted as «a>>, reflects the quantitative estimate of coincidence One of the biggest values of ratio ^SCyfSy)- (.StyfSy) J, which corresponds to direct gamma rays coincidence with selected line of ICE, was taken to be unitary For the comparison the results of calculation of same*value «a», produced from olfered decay scheme IMTb are given in the table below. Elritn. keV a«pKJ09.8 a«M,K68.2 <4cal 82.9 0.70(12) 0.48H) 102.3 0,76(13) 1.0 120.2 0.028(7) 0.0190(14) 132.6 0.72(13) 0.157(19) ••• 151.9 0.78(15) 0.157(19) 170.5 0.083(4) 170.4 0.43(5) 0.51(9) 0.45(4) 0.48(3) 186.9 0.31(3) 0.46(8) 0.33(3) 048(3) 195.2- 0.35(3) 0.24(4) 0.310(24) (0.28) 206.3 0.93(16) 1.0 223.6 0.32(6) 0.025(4) 229.6 0.92(19) 0.157(19) 233.9 0.17(4) 0.033(4) 239.8 0.33(7) 0.23(15) 258.7 0.34(4) 0.20(4) 0.270(88) 0.157(19) 278.5 0.40(8) 0.231(15) 285.1 0.30(4) 1.24(26) 0.32(4) 10 299.6 0.26(5) 0.28(07 303.5 0.0260(22) 0.045(8) 0.0294(22) 0.050(4) 318.9 0.20(4) 0.231(15) 320.0 0.100(9) .50.29 •325.3 0.27(3) 0.157(19) 327.2 0.044(5) 0.042(20) 0.044(5) 0007(2) 332.6 0.65(6) 0.70(3) 0.690(27) 0.8(3) 89 Section I Particles and Nuclei 340 4 i 0.140(13) 0.3lt6) 0 14S(!3) 0,29 348.7 0 107(13) 0 208(11) 375.0 0.55559(7) 0.49(3) 386.3 0.43(6) 10 392.6 0.45(4) 0 31(3) 393.4 O27(e.) 0286(18) 420 4 039(4) (10) 4672 0 107(0) 0 110(23) 0.107(8) 0 018(3) 496 6 0 079(8) 0.10(4) 0.083 0.011 504.7 0.095(12) 0.2S(6) 0.100(10) 0.166(6) 525.7 0.122(13) | 0 27(6) 0 129(13) 0.1600(15) 533 ! 0.141(14). 0.092(6) 579.8 0 57(5) 0.48(9) 0.55(4) 048(3) 599.3 0 60(5; 0 60(13) 0.00(5) 0.48(3) 605.5 0 1-10(17) 0.29 609.9 0.48(5) 0.286(13) 613.1 0.70(7) 6178 0.42(4) 0.211(15) 622.0 0 62(6) 10 629.7 0.158(14) 0 30(6) 0 165(14) 0.160(15) 646.3 0.087(13) 0 043(3\ 653.3 040(4) 0 90(19) 0.42(4) 0.48(4) 665.2 0.090(8) 0.087(20) 0.090(7) 0.032(4) 673.9 049(5) 0.51(11) 0.49(5) 0.157(19) 690.9 0.16(3) 704 0 0 87(10) 711,5 13.(3) 2.24(25) 1.27(19) 1.0 718.5 0.91(10) 0.69(16) 0.85(9) 0.48(4) 721.4 0.183(19) 0.160(15) 728.0 0.125(15) 733.1 0.023(3) 0.043(3) 736.4 0.74(6) 0 84(17) 0.75(6) 0.48(3) 739.7 0.150(14) 0.56(11) 0.157(14) 0.15(4) 748.0 1.53(5) i- 1.0 - 755.8 1.22(10) 0.72(18) 1.10(9) 1.0 785.7 0.119(14) 0.14(4) 0.121(15) 0.286(13) 795.6 0.58(6) 0.219(14) 798.8 0.76(18) 0.219(14) * 816.0 0.160(15) 0.154 827.3 1.2300) 0.96(19) 1.17(9) 1.0 835.5 0.208(16) 1.05(20) 0.213(16]_ 1.0 845.7 2.15(9) 0.97(18) UK8) 1.0 852.0 0.069(7) 0.059(17) 0.068(6) 0.075(5) 860.9 0.41(14) 0.48(3) 880.7 0 80(8) 0.88(21) 0.81(8) 0.63 885.7 037.(5) 0.50(14) 0.39(5) 0.48 890.2 039(5) 0.31(10) 0.37(5) 0 231(14) 895.7 0.35(11) 0.20 903.6 0.38(7) 0.224(6) 1 K.Ya.Gromov, A.K.Karahodjaev et al. - JINR, P6-90-229, Dubna, 1990 90 Section I. Particles and Nuclei . UZ0201716 EXPERIMENTAL DATA ABOUT NATURE OF INTERACTIONS BREAKING COMBINED AND TIME PARITIES Kartashov V.M., Troilskaya A.G. Institute of Nuclear Physics. NNC HK, A/maty. Kazakhstan The appearance and existence of high order states is possible in open systems if there is an influx of energy. The opportunity of formation in a dissipative system of regular structures of different scales is conditioned, in particular, competition of interaction, including, and breaking a discrete symmetry Under definite circumstances it is possible to estimate both fundamental particles and mesoscope and solid-stale formations as such structures. For the fust time the violation of P-parity was revealed at research of the spin-polarized nuclei P-decay conditioned by weak couplings. Later in analysis of neutral K-meson decay two charged rc-mesons were observed, which was strictly forbidden by CP-invariancy. The experiments on looking up of violations of CP-invariancy in decay of B-mesons make dispositions: check of the forecast "large difference in properties of charm and anticharm particles. The CP-invariancy violation mechanism is not established till now. The violation of selection on an isospin causes suspect, that this interaction is not only weak. The supposition about the electromagnetic interactions responsibility for CP violation contradicts, as in this ca.se there should be an electrical clipole moment for a neutron. The availability for a neutron only of magnetic moment would retain a particle P- and T-invariance. If it has also electrical dipole moment, it conducts to both space, and time symmetry violation. To the present time such experimental accuracy in definition of this value is reached: D = (0,0 ± 0,4) -I02- ecm (PNPI, Gatchina) and D - (-0.3 ± 0,5) lO"25 e-cm (ILL, Grenoble). More steep comprehension of an inner structure and dynamics of matter has come with discovery of fractional quantum Hall effect the existence of a quantum liquid with charged- fractional excitations, in which the gas of interacting electrons is condensed, at low temperatures in strong magnetic fields. The accountable for it forces upset a T-symmetry. For dissipative systems at tendency of time to eternity all solutions are subtended to some subset of a phase space - attractor - simple or composite. At rather general assumptions ii: bivaiiate systems attractors are the invariant (steady) toruses adequate(answering) quasi- periodic motion with two rationally independent frequencies, and strange attractors. The occurrence of multidimensional toruses in a phase space of dissipative dynamic systems is exception, but not the rule. The Smale-Williams solenoid, close to a geometrical mode(image) of a toroid quadrupole, is a well-known strange attractor in multidimensional systems. We conduct researches by nuclear methods for both electron spectroscopy of process of formation and dynamics of development of nuclear clusters in a radioactive lutecium oxide film by depth < I micron on a platinum substrate. The obtained experimental data indicate formation of connivent toroid structures with inversely directional vectors - the toroid moments - that is toroid quadnipoles. Many things speak for the benefit of such interpretation of observed spectra: energy location of lines of auto emission electrons, availability of diffraction peaks - satellites of lines of electrons of internal conversion, development of features of a focusing of polarized electrons, observation in experiment of idiosyncrasy of Aharonov-B'ohm scattering - petering of a dispersed surge, if the magnaflux is peer the solenoid to an integer (n) of quanta of a flow, = n0, where a quantum of a magnaflux UZ0201717 SECONDARY ELECTRON EMISSION INDUCED WITH FISSION FRAGMENTS Kazantseva T.C... Koblik Y.N., Pikul V.P. Instituteof Nuclear Physics, Uzbekistan Academy of Science, Tashkent, Uzbekistan HI; When the charged particles pass through substance there the area of nonequilibnum ionization plasma is created. Recently This large attention has been drawn to the process in connection with development of lasers with nuclear pumping, devices of direct transformation of a nuclear energy into electrical, with study of influence of fission of fragments(FF) on constructional materials and biological objects. Quantity and energy spectrum of secondary electrons reflect the process of ionization of matter. This process is not enough investigated both experimentally and theoretically. The factors of Secondary Electron Emission (SEE) under influence of FF are measured for a small number of substances, and energetically spectrum SEE only for C, Al, and Au. All experiments are carried out with an integrated spectrum of FF, including intervals of mass numbers A = 75-165 a.e.w., kinetic energies Ek = 40 = 120 MeV and ionic charges q ~ 14-30 eo, that significantly complicates comparison with the theory. . The existing theory SEE from solid states under influence of the charged particles of high energy is based on the well-known theory of Bohr and Bethe, which owing to a number admitted approximations does not explain the found out experimental facts The Tashkent mass separator of unslowed fission fragments located at the horizontal hole at the nuclear reactor of the Institute of Nuclear Physics Mass separator allows to allocate multicharged ions with A =80 - 160 am u , Ek = 40 - 100 MeV and ionic charge q = 15-30 eo. The beam of FF with allocated magnitudes A, Ek and q passes through thin films located at the focaf plane of the device, beating out SE from the facial and opposite surfaces. The semi-conductor detector registers quantity of FF, passed through a film, and ihe microchannei detectors register SE, from the facial and opposite parts, i.e. forward and backward. The measurements of SEE spectra from FF with mass numbers of A = 132, 136, 140, 144, 148 and of EK = 50, 60, 70, 80 MeV and ionic charges of q = 20, 22, 24 times e0 are carried out. Then coefficients ye and yb calculated as NS1/NKF (NSC - amount of SE, N- amount FF). A tiiin film of aluminium 1480 ug/cm2 and 1850 ug/cm2, copper 810 ug/cm2 were used. The measurements showed, that with increase of mass number yt decreases linearly, and yi, decreases exponentially. The results of measurements for coefficients yr and yo are shown Fig. 1 and Fig.2 as a function of mass number A for different Ek. The calculated by formulas (1) and (2) drawings are shown. The increase of a Z2-target and its thickness lead to seduction of y. The simple empirical formulas of dependence of y( (1) and yb (2) on the mass number A, Ek and q of FF and Z2 of a target are obtained. 92 Section I. (-'articles ;n\d Nuclei (I) Z, h ( z, V : (2) Yh = 1 —"- ! exp ! ,1 ' v ^i A 100 K>: 50MeV -•• 70MeV O GCMeV vtc Ian "A- 80MeV mass number /•/#. /. 180 160 140 - n . 120 100 ao —"•a— 60 X>; 50Mov 40 •D- 70MeV O- SOMeV 20 130 134 138 142 146 150 -£t- 8C/Mi=V mass number This work was peiformed with the financial support of the fundamental research fund of as of Uzbekistan (Grant M> 16-00). 93 UZ0201718 ONE PARTICLE UNDER-BARRIER RESONANCES IN LIGHT Kim G., Khavriarov R.R. Institute of Nuclear P/iysics, ('zbekistan Academy of Science. Tashkent. Uzbekistan The first theory of undcr-barrier resonance states, called "naive" created in 1926 by Gamov fl], has not got enough development until nowadays. Since halo nuclei were discovered, these states is observed in one-nucleon 'fie, 'Li, '7*. "i.i halo nuclei. At present time the wave functions o\~ such states is described with WKB-approach using the idea of tunnel-ciTect. The parameters of resonance energies and widths are calculated using asymptotic approacb.es |2,.>j Unlike the last works, we suppose that the wave function inside the nucleus (before the barrier) and under the barrier at the a^ymptotics - is complex. It is shown, that resonance width inside the nucleus before the barrier is small, i.e. the inner state is the long living quasi- stationary state. But out of the nucleus, out of the barrier, it is much than the inner piates width and its value should be compared with experimental observed width of resonance. The most interesting result of our investigations: the resonance width under the barrier is variable It depends on radial coordinate that smoothly relates inner width with observed width oi.it of the barrier. It has been shown in case of oscillator approach, when the real potential is substituted with the equivalent oscillator potentials. So, under the barrier the resonance width is: 4 0 •• ")• \pn\~ • sin 2///. + (2/ -.- S • cos2v/; Where rc - a radii of Vc, i.e. V(r = r,) = Vc, ax and «#(/') - th-e real and imaginary parts of oscillator parameters under the barrier, (the imaginary part is a function of r). 1 Gamov G.A. Z.Phys., 1928, v.51, p.204; v.52, p.5lO 2 Kadmensky S.G., Furman VI. «Alpha-decay and related nuclear reaclions» M: Energoizdat, 1985 3. Ratis Yu.L. Gareev F.A. Yad.Phyz.(Russain J.Nucl.Phys.) 1996, V 59(6), p. 1005 94 Section I. Particles and Nuclei UZ0201719 THE RATIO OF DIPOLE FORCES OF Kl- TRANSITIONS FOR l00Mo Kulabdnlbicv C.A., Aziroov K.SJi.. Mirjjkhmedov Sh.A., Mitkliaminatlicv A., Msiurupov R.I.)., RM/./aqova N. Institute of Nuclear Physics, Uzbek/skin Academy of Science, Tashkent, Uzbekistan One of the interesting problems of modern nuclear spectroscopy is investigations of 1"-!""' states of vibrational nucleus where ihai levels arise from the coupling of quadrupole phonons with the octupole degree of freedom These coupling results are so-called quadrupole-octupole coupled quintuplet of states (I - 5 ) An experimental technique ideally suited for the investigation of the such nuclear levels is nuclear resonant scattering of pluM'.ins that is very selective to the lifetime of short-lived dipole excitations. In the another hand, during the last decade vibrational even-even nuclei around ....i:>s A"-100 have been extensi\e!y studied and the knowledge of their level schemes has been extended into regions of high level density. Therefore we have continued investigations of highly excited nuclear level properties beginning in the work 121. Using y-rays from Ti(n-,y)-reaction we studied 6418 keV levels of "U)Mo. These level of Mo was studied for the first time in the works /.3-7/, but these results are in contradiction with each other Using recent developments of modern nuclear spectroscopy we determined next level quantum characteristics ""'Mo, E/=6418 keV, • als> ?00±30 nibn, 1 ;„ 0,03 ±0,01 eV, I*= 1" .Using results of/8/ in level scheme of ""'Mo six bands with KV'O/, 02', 2I , 4i . 1i and 31 were defined. Our observed transitions of ""'Mo, in general, are in agreement with results of/8/. It can be seen that, the decay of resonant level occurs with transitions to the lowest levels of bands with K.",- 0\\ 0i , 2| and 2; , if some weak transitions are neglected. For these transitions we determined the ratio of dipole forces S|/S?. Comparison these results with /9/ showed that these ratios are decreased with increasing of the number of nuclear bands Transitions, keV S2 /Si Transitions, ke\' s2/s, 5880 0,27 4650 0,! i 5720 0,17 4380 0,02 5.550 0,08 43.U) 0,0 i 4050 0,04 4220 0,009 4920 0,25 4 140 0.07 1. U.Kneissl, H.H.Pitr and A.Zigles // Prog.Part.Nucl.Phys, 1096, v..-7, 349. 2. R.B.Begzhanov, K.Sh.Azimov et all. // Proc. Inlernalonal Confer, on Nuclear Phy.s., Moscow, Dubna, 1999, 201. Begzhaiiov R B. and Akhrarov S.M.,7 Izv.Akad.Nauk Uzbek SSR, Ser.Fiz.Mat.N'auk, 1969, (3), 43. Schlesinger Y et all.//Neutron capt.gamma-ray spectr., 1969, 11. Ben-David G.// Phys.Rev., 1966, 146, 852. Moreh R. Et all.// Phys.Leit., 1971, 36B, 7. Moreh R Et all.// Nucl.Phys., 1973, A 217, 477. R.Begzhanov, V.M.Belenkiy// Spr. On nuclear physics, 1989, Tashkent, p. 1 9. R.B. Begzhanov, G.A. Kulabdullaev et all.// Proc. Intermit. Confer on Nucl. Phys., St.Peterburg, 2000, 200. 95 UZ0201720 Section I Panicles and Nuciei DECAY OF THE HIGHLY EXCITED NUCLEAR LEVELS OF !l0)12Cd Kulabdullaev G.A., Azimov K.Sh., Mirakhmedov Sh.A., Mukhammadiev A., Magrupov U.O., Razzaqova N. Institute of Nuclear Physics, Uzbekistan Academy of Science, lashkenl, Uzbekistan For the first time on the investigation of highly excited nuclear levels of even Cd izotopes was reported by Uiannini el all 13/ There authors mentioned about 7,64; 6,45 and 5,78 MeV slates of ll2Cd. " 'Cd. ""Cd, but transitions to the low lying levels wasn't observed. After Ben-David ot all. 12/ reported about that levels of Cd. K. Min observed for the first time another y-transitions to the low-lying levels at the decay of 7,64 MeV resonant levels 111. In the works /4,5/ that resonant level was assigned to I !4 isotope of Cd. In the works /6-11/ level energies and another quantum characteristics of cadmium levels were obtained more precise Many results of these works are in contradiction to each other. Therefore in the previous work I Ml we have studied properties of highly excited nuclear levels of n2Cd photoexcited by y-rays obtained from the Fe(n,y)-reaction. Five level bands of "2Cd were defined and decay of the highly excited nuclear levels of ""Cd was studied, where the increase of dipole forces of transitions at the 5,8 MeV region was observed. As it was noted in /13/ definition of the ratio of the dipole forces of transitions is one of the sensitive tools toiest the nuclear models. Full information about dipole forces of transitions is obtained from studies of other highly excited nuclear levels decay, in the works /6-11/ energy levels and another quantum chaiacteristics of cadmium were obtained more precise. Taking in to account recent developments oi' modern nuclear spectroscopy, from all publications concerning Cd we have selected next results, presented in Table As the first four levels of cadmium (see the table) weren't studied, therefore we determined another quantum characteristics of those ieveis by method of extrapolations. As can be seen from these results that, all highly excited nuclear ieveis of Cd, apart from 7632 keV level, mainly has decay by transitions to the ground states only. Using these results we have determined the reduced transition probabilities B(E.!)T, that are in good agreement with the results of/14/ where theoretical calculations was carried out in framework of the interacting bozon models. Nuciei Level s.-keV Cd ' 6985 12±4 0,04±0,02 . »• ^Cd 7632 215+55 0,05+0,01 l" Giannini M. // Nucl.Phys., 1965, 65, 344. Ben-David G.//Phys.Rev., 1966, 146,852. 3. Min K. Phys.Rev..'1966, 152, 1062. 4. Prosperi D. and Sciuti S.I/ Nuovo Cirn., Pisa, 1967, 5, 1265. 5. Moreh P. And Nof A. // Bull.Amer.phys.Soc., 1968, 2, 13. 6. Begzhanov R.B. and Akhrarov S.M.// Soviet J.nucl.Phys., 1971, 12, 245. 7. Michalk.V.E. and Mclntyre J.A. // Nucl.Phys, 1969, A 137. 8. Estes G.R. and Min K.I I Phys.Rev. 1970, 1, 201. 9. Moreh R. Et all.// Phys.Lett., 1971, 36B, 71. 10. Moreh R. And Nof A.// Phys.Rev., 1971, 4, 2265. II. Tenenbaum J. et all.// Nucl.Phys., 1974, A 218, 95. 96 Seqion I. Particles and Nuclei ...... _ 12 R.B Begzhanov, K Sh.Azimov et all // Prcc International Confer on N'.'iclear Phys , Moscow. Dubna, 1009, 201 13. D.J.Rowc and f\ lachello// I'hys.I.cit. I WJ3, 130B, 23 I 14 H l.ehnmann, A Nord et all./,' I'hys .Rev. 199'). v C 60, 024308. UZ0201721 EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF a- PARTICLES SCATTERING ON MEDIUM-WEIGHT NUCLEI AT THE ENERGY Ea=29 McV 'Kuterbckov K.A.. 'Sadykov B.M., 'Duyscbaev A., 'Basybckov K.B., 'iJaktybaev M.K., 'Biechman A.M., 'Duvsebsicv B.A., 'ismaiiov K.M.. 'Uotov C, 2Slusarenko L.I., 'Mukliainbetzhanova A.M. 'institute of Nuclear Physics There elastic and inelastic scattering differential sections angular distribution (DSAD) on '>0Ni, yoZr, !l6Cd, 206Pb nuclei were measured at the energy of a-partides 29,5(3) MeV on the isochronous cyclotron U-150M of the Institute of Nuclear Physics NNC RK. Thin foils (films) of l,0 - 2,4 mg/cm2 thicknesses highly enriched with isotopes of the corresponding elements were used as targets. The studies were carried out for an angle range 10 - 150° Is c with the angle step I-3". An automated AE-R method based on the quick-slow coincidence principle and realized in electronic modules of OKTKC and f'OLON companies. The products of nuclear reactions were registered by a tele .cope of detectors represented by a surface- barrier AE-detector with thickness of 50 tim and a diffusion-drift silicon E-detector with thickness of 1,0 mm. Statistical errors of the measurements were 1-5%. At ihe energies close to a coulomb barrier elastic and inelastic scattering of a-particles with excitation of low-lying 2|' and 3|' -states of nuclei with A- 60 - 206 were experimentally studied. It is determined that the character of studied DSAD changes with the increase of mass number and is defined by the coulomb-nuclear interference. The comparative analysis of data on elastic, inelastic scattering and total reactions optical model cross-sections using methods of_ distoited-wave Born approximation and coupled channels is quite sensitive to the depth of the nuclear potential actual part what allows to limit ambiguities in its determination. OP parameters selected in that way are of decisive meaning at comparison of different theoretical approaches and allow obtaining reliable information on the nuclei structural characteristics. " III11111 III 11 111 111 111 I UZ0201722 DETERMINATION OF THE ENERGY AND THE MASS OF PRIMARY COSMIC PARTICLE BY EAS MEASUREMENTS Boos E.G., Lcbedev I.A., Lebedeva A.A., Sadykov T.Kh. Institute of Physics and Technology MES RK, A/maty, Kazakhstan A procedure are proposed to reconstaict the energy and the mass of primary cosmic particle, which has initiated an extensive air shower, with a fluctuation analysis of iVe- 97 Section I. Panicles and Nuclei distribution at detection level and after an additional absorber of e.g. 100 g/cm". >, Extensive Air Shower (FAS) events for theoretical calculations were simulated with the CORSIKA code (5.22) with the QGSJHT/GHKISHA option [ lj For a determination of primary cosmic particle parameters we used following facts. 1 Cascade curves for identical primary cosmic particles but with different peneration depths before fust interaction as Zn and Z>; represent similar curves shifted one relatively another for (Zoi- Zo:) 2 A shower maximum position, at the same Z,, depends on primary particle energy per .Qyc]e.on_(and so on mass of primary particle) [2] 7 1 So, we propose to use curve log AC versus dN (Fig.), where dN is equal to 16 PtV difference between EAS size, log AC, at observation level, Z|, and log AC at second observation level. Zj. The latter PtV experimental value can be obtained by EAS detector consisting a layer (or few layers) of solid is putted between two (or more) scinlillators. It allows to reconstruct the primary energy independently on Zit (and therefore iis fluctuations) and slightly depending on the primary cosmic particle mass. >L_ Since the mass is not known at this stage and the method slightly depends on the mass, a primary mass has to be Fig.: A dependence of a cascade curve assumed This will be iron in the slope versus an electrons number in IOIlowing consideration (after the mass EAS induced by primary cosmic proton has been determined this step can be (stars, dashed line) and iron (points, iterated) solid line) at primary energies 10" and So, we determined parameters of 10"'fT. an individual primary cosmic particle in the following way (experimental dN and AC are known): 1. We put the hypothesis that primary particle, for example, was iron. 2 We plotted curves of log AC versus dN for (Fei Air)-showers with different primary energies then fitted these ones by a polynom and obtained a function loiiNJdNJCu'fc of dependence of log AC versus dN and K 98 Section I, Particles;>;>d Nuclei __ For a test sample of iron nuclei with an energy o! !()'" eV an energy resolution of 11% is achieved For protons (assuming the iron nuclei hypothesis) the energy shows a systematic shift of 16% and for oxygen of 6% It is expected due to the iron hypothesis. We have obtained rather good accuracy of determination of mass of primary particle too. Even if the ratio of the masses is very close as for /-"cAV-56/32-I 75, then wrong events only ~ 21%, and already in case oxygen /-WY/T56/I6 3 5 only - 13.5O/o. When a difference between primary particles masses is large, as for Fe and proton, a accuracy of a mass reconstruction is close to 100%. References « 1. Hech D et al Report FSKA 6019 i 1998). 2. Lindner A. Asiroparticlc Physics.8 (1998) p 235-252. UZ0201723 A PSEUDORAPIDITY DISTRIBUTION O! SECONDARY PARTICLES AS A RESULT OF MARKOV PROCESSES Lcbedeva A.A., Ruskin V.I. Institute of Physics and Technology MI-.S UK. Ahnaly, Kazakhs/an A possibility to use Markov processes as a modelling method for an analysis of average characteristics of high energy hadron - nucleus and nucleus - nucleus collisions, is discussed. As the main characteristic of a hadron-nucleus collision (a simple one-dimensional Markov process) and nucleus - nucleus interaction (a composite one-dimensional Markov process) we consider a number oi^ secondary hadrons of one type (for example, nucleons) A'(n). which means an evolution parameter b ; = i \ e t X\ 1 H/-\)l / 0 ~ )'o) [®> 7' where v() - — In j ) I is the rapidity of a projectile hadron in (1). 2 {6'\P\j In a case of composite Markov process (2), neglecting a nucleons movement in a projectile nucleus Ax relatively to a movement of a nucleus as whole, we put ;/ - 0 for each of nucleons of a projectile nucleus and we consider an evolution on /; as independent for each ofnucleon. In stochastic processes X\r\\ is a random value, accepting discrete set of values of Xyr\) •- [x = 0,1,2,...] with positively defined and normalized on 1 measure which is a probability Px (r\) that x of hadrons with 7; will be found out in event (!) or (2) Let's consider simple non-stationary linear process consist of three elementary events: 1. a formation of a nucleon with (T|, r\ + c/ry and the intensity is equal to Xir^xdr]; 99 Scchon \ Particles awl Nuclei 2. an absorption of a nucleon with (r|. r\ + d\]) and the intensity u.( i})xilr\; "> 3. an absence of an event with (r), t] '-e/i-j) and the intensity (l (/k(n)-r \.i{ \]))xd\"\). Such process (1) is described by the Kolmogorov equation -—r \(\\Hx--\)i\x.,(\\)-\ //',,,,,,'),;- (A/ n>-' ^>V) -Y/; ./'!>> (3) We have considered two special cases of the general Kendall decision, 'utn ,i' of a target nucleus (Pig I) and process with a production of a "compound" nucieus (Fig.2). In a case of "burst" of a nucleus - target A.(r|) and u(i]) was put equal to MI.)'"2 '"A2 l+c" and I)-..- where A(), (.i() are free parameters. In case of process \ia a "compound" nucleus, A\n) and n(i]) was put equal to v« + n) Peculiarity of the process is in existence of the maximum value A'/A(qniav)"—-— at'nm ah Figl i] - distribution tor "burst" of F/#.2. r) - distribution for process with target nucleus a production of a "compound" nucleus 100 Section I I'articles and Nuclei UZ0201724 SINGLE PARTICLE BOUND STATE POTENTIAL IN LKiHI NIK It! Nie G.K. Institute of Nuclear Physics, Uzbekistan Academy <>)'Science, Tashkent, Uzbekistan Parameters of bound state potential of nucleons are calculated on base of shell model in single particle presentation Charge distribution of the nucUus is considered as sum of square bound state functions of protons The occupation number is equal to ir-2j»l, where j is angular momentum of the nucleon in the nucleus The principle of equivalence of proton and neutron nuclear potentials (epr ) with the same quantum numbers in symmetrical nuclei and in nuclei with Z N [ IJ has been used The main criteria is to be root mean square radius (ims) of charge distribution known from experiment of electron scattering on nuclei For nuclei heaver than 'lie bound energy and potential parameters of Is shell have been restored from fitting charge distribution of C under e p n condition for both nucleons of Is shell and ihat of lp3/2 shell. A PC program searching the parameters has been created The method has been thoroughly tested for nC The Coulomb potential is calculated in iwo ways: first, as the uniformly charge sphere of radius R, •- t\ A1 Second, as the folded charge distribution with subtraction of distribution of the proton under consideration Second Cii.se is turned out as it is not good for charge distribution fitting So, for all light nuclei only Coulomb potential of charge sphere has been used It is found that only Coulomb potential of charge sphere with, radius i\. 13 fm gives good agreement of calculated charge distribution with experimental one for X It was shown that standaid values of potential parameters do not work for light nuclei Tahle Parameters ot single particle hound slate potential and tins Nucleus Energy rc fm Vo MeV b«. rnu. of last rms of rms exp s MeV ro rn.aou i,,fm nucleon charge d. 12] fin "He- •>3He+n 20 578 1 64 -65 469 3.47 1.70 n i 19 S14 1259,0 25 3.60 1 71 p 1 71 1 71 "U - > 5Li +n .5 663 1 45 -36 529 201 3 ..| h sHe+p 4 653 1 834, 0 55 2 03 3 37 p 2 55 257 7 Li- >"Li +n 7.251 145 -54 839 2 27 2 91 n 241 7Be V'Li^ 5.606 1 343,0 65 2 33 2 M8 p 2 50 10B 8436 1 40 -29 975 2 80 3 43 n \ 3e+£ 6 585 1 853.0 55 3.10 3 50 p 2 45* 2 45 "B >10Bin II 455 1 30 -55 457 427 2 72 n 2 72 "C >10B~.p 8691 1.218,0 65 4 77 2 71 p 2 56 12C- >"On 18 721 1 30 -55 407 927 2 (>4 n 1! B+p 15 957 1 373, 0 55 10 58 2 67 p 2 47 247 iic: Vac7n 4 946 1 30 -50 618 3 1 1 n 2 44 1SN >l2C fj3 1.943 1 166,0.65 1.87 3.35 p 2 59 'V ->l3Nm 10 554 1 50 -43 697 4 89 3 01 n i.» C+E_.. 7 550 1430, 0.65 5.77 3 09 p 2 57 2 58 16o >l5CHn 15 664 1 25 -44278 957 2 92 n 15 12.128 1499,0.55 II 92 2 98 p 273 2.73 rms of 10B has been calculated as rms of some cluster body consisting of 2u t proton with 101 Section I Paniclo and Nuclei I -I, j =3/2. To adjust the experimental rms the nns of that body of 2u has to be 2 IO(> Km Following features of the structure of light nuclei are elucidated: The radius of Coulomb potential turned out to lie the crucial parameter for fitting experimental value of rms of charge distribution of nucleus. Variety of diffuseness of the potential a0 within reasonable values a(/~O45 ; 0 65 fm under the e.p.n condition changes radius and depth of the potential in a way that rms of nucleon distribution stays the same (with small variations of the value within 0.5%) as well as the value of asymptotic coefficient of bound state function btj is slightly changed (with variations within 5%); The rms radius of last but one shell in a nucleus increases b> about 0.3 fm with last shell completed Then with adding other shells the size is not changed So, for example, rms of ""lie is 1.7! fm but rms of I s shell of 12C is 2.02(5) fin The same effect with the I p3/2 shell in '~C Urns of the shell is 2.67 fm in I2C, but in i(>0 it has to be taken as 2.80 fm. 1. G.K. Nie, Proceedings of Internationa! Conference on Nuclear Structure, St-Petersburg, Russia. June 2000, p 124. 2. H. De Vries, C.W. De Jager and C. De VrNies/ 1987 Atomic Data and Nuclear Tables 36, 503. UZ0201725 STUDY OF THE PROCESS OF SUPERASYMMETRIC FISSION OF NUCLEI BY THERMAL NEUTRONS Koblik Y.N., Pikiil V.P., 'S uldashev B.S. hisinitle of Nuclear Physics, Uzbekistan Academy of Science, Tashkent, Uzbekistan The complete understanding of dynamics and mechanism of the nuclear fission is not achieved. It is defined first of ail that the nuclear fission represents one of the most complex nuclear transformations connected to strong redistribution o^ mass and a charge of a compound nucleus, formation of the strongly deformed and excited fragments having high nuclear spin and energy of excitation, sufficient for emission of several neutrons and about ten y-quanta The second essential circumstance is that in thl; majority of experiments the nuclear fission is studied in conditions, when it is impossible to receive the information on basic amplitudes of the process. It is especially interesting to study now, the extreme conditions of the fission process: extreme kinetic energies, extreme mass asymmetry. The nuclear fission process allows one to receive a neutron-rich nuclei will) high deformation, that opens opportunities for research of such properties of nuclei, which are inaccessible for the studies by other methods (collective movement with the large amplitude, force functions - disintegration, viscosity and friction of a nuclear matter etc.). The determination of the yields of fission fragments as a function of their mass, kinetic eneigies and charge is a precious tool for a diagnostic analysis of the fission process We carried out measurements of mass and energy distributions oi unslowcd fission fragments iy 4 ; U, ~" ' 'Pu (n, f)-reactions in the field of mass numbers A ^ 129-1 50, the kinetic energy E.k ; 63-87 MeV and ionic charge q !7-28c\, [1,2]. At present we measure mass distiibutions for r :r mass numbers A 150-160 and Ek 45-60 MeV. In this area there arc not enough of expeiimemal data The measurements are carried out with the electromagnetic mass spectrometer of imslowed fission fragments | )j The precision in the ineasuicinenis of kinetic energy is ± 0 02 % and mass is i 0 06%. 102 Section I. Particles and Nuclei The measurements of mass and energy distributions of fission fragments U by thermal neutrons in a range of mass numbers A - 145-160 show presence of fine structure in a range Er- 50-60 MeV at A ^ 150, 153 and 155. The results for different Fk shown Fig 1 The thin structure appear in a low energy and one disappear with increase of H>, These results correspond to predictions of dinuclear system model [4| The mass distributions in behavior on TKE, excitation energy and fission fragments deformations executed within the framework of WSC model [5]. These calculations also indicate presence of fine structure for these mass numbers. 0 7 00 09 04 a \.> V. 03 \ 1 0? V 0 1 tv -O- 00 M«l' •>--yi_,,-,.- p {•.. .,. --o...0 O •:• /uMtv 0 1 116 147 146 151 1S3 15S 157 150 "'•• 76WtV mass number, a.m.u. /*>#. I. Relatives mass yields for different kinetic energies ' The similar measurements have been performed at the recoil mass spectrometer Lohengrin of the Institute Laue-Langevin, Grenoble. They measured the mass and charge distribution for thermal fission of 2J5U, 2wlJu, 24'Am and Np of light fission fragments [6] Our measurements of heavy fission fragments have a good correspondence with them, This work was performed by the partial financial support of the fond of the fundamental investigations of AS of Uzbekistan (Grant H» 16-00) 1 A D Belyaev et al Yadern Fiz. (USSR), 48, 1988, p 32 4 2 A.D Belyaev et al Nucl. Instr Meth , B43, 1989, p 5 3. U.A Arifov et al. Proc. of the 8lh Intern. tiMIS Conf, Gdteborg, 1973, p.226 4 V.V Volkov et al Phys. Rev. C5I, 1995, p.2635 5. B.D.Wilkinsetal. Phys. Rev. CI4, 1976, p 1832 6. l.Tsekhanovich et al Nucl Phys. A688, 2001, p 633. UZ0201726 UNIFIED DESCRIPTION OF RADIATIVE STRENGTHS FOR PHOTOABSORPT1ON AND GAMMA-DECAY OF HEATED NUCLEI Plujko V.A. 7!c/m.v Shevclwnku National University, Kiev, Ukraine Gamma emission is one of the most universal channels of the nuclear de-excitalion processes which can accompany any nuclear reaction. It can be described by the use of the 103 SCOIKMI I PiiMidc,and Nudci radiative strength functions [I] These functions contain information on nuclear structure and they are auxiliary quantities involved in calculations of the observed characteristics of the most nuclear reactions f !,2J. The calculations, as a rule, are time consuming and the simple closed-form expressions are preferable in evaluation of the gamma-ray strengths. The theory- based approaches are also required to improve the reliability and accuracy of the strength estimations In this repoil the model of this type |3.4| is studied. The dependences of the radiative strength functions on the excitation energy, gamma-ray energy and mass number are investigated in a unified ,•,ay by closed-form model with the rnicrocanonical ensemble for initial states 'fhe radiative strength is propoitional to the nuclear response function on the electromagnetic Held scaled by enhanced factor coinciding with average number of the ip-lh stales excited by the field The response function is calculated within the semiciassical kinetic tpproach with friction force between the proton and neutron fluids [5,6] Two-body component of these coefficients is calculated by the non-Mai kovian collision integral It is shown that the approach is able to cover a relatively wide gamma- ray energy interval, ranging from zero to values above GDR peak energy It satisfies in good approximation the finite temperature sum rule and gives a rather accurate tool for simultaneous description of the gamma-decay and photoabsorption strength functions in the medium and heavy nuclei This work is supported in part by the lAhA(Vienna) under contract No. 3O2-F4-UKK- 1 ; 567 I. (j.A Bartholomew, I- D liarle, A J lergusson ct al , Adv Nucl. Phys. 7 ( h>73) 229 2 J J Gaardhoje, Ann .Rev Nucl. Part. Sei 42{IW2)4N3 * V.A. Plujko, Nuci.Phys Ao 1(> (| UZ0201727 THE RELATIVISTIC SPECTROSCOPY OF SIMPLEST ROTATING STATES Artemov S.V., Bclov M.A., vlohlik Vu.N., Ratlyuk G.\. of Nuclear Physics, Uzbekistan Academy of Science, I'ashkent, Uzbekistan Mutual dependencies of mass and orbital moment increase for rotating bodies of various co (figurations (fig I) (a string with uniform mass distribution, a string with squared mass di'inbution or a sphere with uniform mass distribution, double system of point masses) are co Mdei'^d in qiutsiclassical approximation. Results are used for analysis of meson, baiyon resonances of totaling nature, and also lor dipiofi and dituicleon resonances, loi oneparticle resonances a string configuration with sqi lied mass distribution is lias been chosen Radius values and their possible changes with spi,, increase are obtained At this, in particular for proton and A-isobar, which are the fou uiers of rotating bands, values 0 45 /and 0 M /are defined, respectively Dinucleon and dipion lesonances are submitted as two rotating bodies All resonances arc >laced on some possible rotaiy bands with various moments of inertia KM Section I. Particles and Nuclei Dibaryon resonances are produced as a result of the phenomenon of spin flip (nucleons spins flip relatively to the orbital moment) at nucleon-nucleon peripheral interactions. That fact, that dibaryon resonances are formed rotary bands (four bands according to four possible quantum states, fig 2), testifies to the correlation of the moments scheme after the spins flip and the distance, at which it is occurred E-ach of four possible moment orientations takes place at spin flip at the characteristic distance The reason of the reorientation of nucleon spins can be the equality at certain distance of a spin-orbital pail of nucleav nucleon-nucleon potential and electromagnetic energy of spins interaction with the magnetic field of moving charge. Dipion resonances are formed four rotary bands too (fig.3) The linear dependence between the moment and the product PE specifies an invariability of interpion distance. Straight lines slope defines this distance For four different Fiy,. I. The dependence of energy of bands these distances are : 1.94, 2.?.9, 2.72 states on the orbital moment for bodies ami, 3.68/ The presence of several rotary of various configurations. bands at dipion resonances can be caused by various polarisation of quarks and antiquarks in the system. Submitted here spectroscopy of these resonances and plans of their production substantially speculative. For the confirmation of all this picture the data on resonances spins are required, except for their mass values. /U'G. 2400 2300 4 v 5s 2200 a •• '/A NN o it ir t NNi *S 2100 r=3.5f Q : r = 2.9 f V c W 2000 t = 3.8 f 1900 • 1111 i»i > 111111 < 111 • ' "I "I I " '!"•! "• |inr*"l'"'l" i [• • i|in|lii |iri[ 0 2 6 12 20 30 42 Fig.2. Three groups of rotating bands of dibaryon resonances: NN, NNn and AN 105 Section I. Particles and Nuclei 0 'TiTTinrTTTTrnTrnTnTnTTTirrTiTTTtTTTiTTirTTrnTTrTTTimtiiiimiintTnTnfTTTTiinn 012345678$ V3~(jTl) hiX-3. I he rotating band ol'dipion resonances This work was fulfilled by the financial support of the fond of the fundamental investigations of AS of Uzbekistan (Grant Mi; ) 1-00). UZ0201728 EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF 120Sn NUCLEUS STRUCTURE Kuterbekov K.A., Sadykoy B.M., Duyscbaev A. 4 Institute of Nuclear Physics NNC RK, Almaty, Kazakhstan The optical potential (OP) parameters of compound particles interaction with nuclei at low and medium energies, obtained by the differential cross-section angular distribution analysis (DSAD) of elastic scattering within optical model (OM) are subject to substantial ambiguity and need reliable evaluations. The comparative DSAD analysis of an elastic scattering and the total reaction cross sections makes it possible to restrict the ambiguities of OP parameters, since the data on differential and total reaction sections are the main nuclear values obtained from OM. By the moment a few works combined the analysis within one model simultaneously with both DSAD scattering and the total reaction sections. Choice of optimal OP parameters allow to get a valid information on the structure of the studied nucleus excited states. Taking into account the above-stated, a complex analysis of the experimental data on elastic and inelastic interaction of a-particles on l20Sn nucleus at energy of 50,5(5) MeV within OM, methods of distoned-wave Born approximation (DWBA), and coupled channels (CCA) was conducted. The data on elastic scattering were analyzed using deformed potential model by SPl-Gf-NOA program. The recommendations from flj for a-particle scattering 106 .Section I Panicles and Nuclei were used as initial parameters of the optical potential OP parameters were selected thus to reach the best compliance between theoretical and experimental DSAD scattering and appropriate values of total reaction sections. The coulomb radius parameter was accepted being fixed, rt—1,25 fm The obtained values of optima! OP parameters, total reaction sections of CTI<. values X2'N, and volume integral )» are presented in the table. Optical potential parameters for clastic scattering of a-particles with energy 50.5 .MeV on l20l220Sn nucleus intake outlet 7//N hi, an, mb MeV x fnr ...... V, Me.Y. _ 149 92 147.55 i\, fm 1 ~~2<\5 " 1 245 0.775 2 7 av, fm 0.748 341 I«()U~ w, 18.708 1 5 (•> 19 17()8-<78(*1 MeV 1.570 1 570 i\.,, fm 0.593 0 584 aw, fm *G. Igo, B. Wilkins. // Phys. Rev.. 13 !(1963)125 I Subsequent DSAD analysis of elastic scattering was conducted within DWBA with a collective model form factor by DWUCK4 program Experimental DSAD analysis of elastic and inelastic scattering by CCA method was conducted by means of the ECIS-88 program vibration approximations From comparison with the experimental data for 2,' (H* - 1.180 MeV) and 3| (h* ; 2.390 MeV) of low-lying states there were found the following values of '""Sn deformation parameters: {}2-~0,106 and (V-0,1 19. The conijirison with published data for different types of projectile particles and their energies was conducted The analysis of the results shown that fur 2|' - states of '""Sn nucleus a neutron component of the deformation parameter is more deformed than the proton component and for 3|' states - visa versa. ' I. M. Nolte, H. Machner, J. Bojowald // Phys Rev , 1987, C36, p. 13 12 UZ0201729 ELASTIC AND INELASTIC INTERACTION OF ALPHA-PARTICLES AND THE •48l50Ti NUCLEI STRUCTURE 'Kuterbekov K.A., 'Sadykov B.IY1., 2Slusarenko L.I., 'Mukhanibetzhauova A.M. 'institute of Nuclear i'liysics NNC RK, Ahuaty, Kazakhstan 'National Center "Institute of Nuclear Studies", Kiev, Ukraine When getting the most complete information on nuclear structure within potential approaches (optical model, coupled channels and distorted-wave Bom approximation methods) in the range of medium energy we encounter with the problem of optical potential (OP) parameters ambiguities, for restriction of their ambiguity, we conducted a coherent analysis of the scattering channels and total reaction sections differential sections experimental angular distributions (f)SAD). By the moment a lew works combined the 107 Section 1. Panicles and Nuclei analysis within one model simultaneously with both DSAD scattering and total reactions sections. OP parameters, selected in that way, are of decisive meaning at comparison of different theoretical approaches and allow getting a reliable information on structural characteristics of nuclei. Taking into account the above stated, a comparative analysis of experimental data on elastic and inelastic interactions of a-panic)es on uTi nucleus at energy 50.5(5) MeV and Ti at energy 40 1(4) and 50,5(5) MeV within the optical model, methods of distorted-wave Born approximation (DWBA, DVVUK4 program) and coupled channels (CCA, HCIS-88) was conducted The data on the a -particles elastic scattering on IK 5(lTi isotopes were analyzed using the deformed optical potential model by SPI-GHNOA program. The recommendations given h [I, 2] for cx-particle scattering were used as initial parameters of OP. The OP parameters were selected thus to reach the best compliance between theoretical and experimental scattering DSAD and appropriate values of total reaction sections. The subsequent analysis of the inelas'ic scattering differential sections angular distributions was conducted within DWBA with a collective model form factor. The inelastic scattering experimental DSAD analysis by DWBA was conducted using the vibration and rotation approaches of EC1S-88 piogram. The OP optimal parameters, values of the deformation lengths for low-lying collective stales of"48'50Ti nuclei, ratios of their neutron and proton component were determined lor 2|'-states of MtTi with filled neutron shell, a proton component of the deformation length is more deformed than the neutron one. !. M. Nolle, II Machner, J Boiowaid // Phy.s Rev , 1987, C3(>. p 1312. 2. IIP Gubler eta). // Nucl. Phys., 1981, A35 I, p. 29-53 UZ0201730 INVESTIGATION OF RADIATIVE CAPTURE PROTONS BY 9Be NUCLEI Burtebaev N., Sagindykov Sh.Sh., Burminskij V.P., Dzhazairov-Kakhrainanov V., Zarifov R.A., Zazulin !).M. Institute of Nuclear Physics NNC RK, AI maty, Kazakhstan A study of radiative capture reactions of protons on nuclei allow to obtain both truly nuclear information about structure of nuclei, energy spectra and a nuclear fusion, an elements occurrence and so on. One of the most interesting reactions is ;Be(p,y)l0B. This reaction is in the chain of the light elements production cycle. The last measurements of total cross-sections of this reaction were carried out in 1995 in work [I J and theoretically investigated in the work I2| However during the extraction of astrophysical data from the reaction there are observed difficulties, which are connected with existence of four wide resonance in the total cross section of reaction. Specifically, we had carried out measurements of cross-sections of radiative capture to the ground state of the nucleus °Be. Within the framework of the method of distorted waves there were made calculations of differential cross-sections of the reaction of radiative capture for Li I and E2 transitions. To describe the input channel there was used a cluster-folding potential of an interaction of proton with the nucleus, obtained by us with use of the approach developed in the work [.">]. In this approach a nucleus target was considered as the three i os Section I. Particles and Nuclei clusters system, thus an internal structure of clusters was not considered Results of calculations are compared with data of other works [1,2] References 1. Zahnow D. et.al. //Nucl Phys /A , 1095, V.589, p.95. 2. Sattarov A.et al //Physical Review C, V.60, !999, 035801, p. 1 -7 3. Kamal V., Voronchev VI. Kukulin VI et al // J Phys G : Nucl. Part Phys. 1992 V. 18, N. 2, P. 379 IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIlllllllllllllll UZ0201731 THREE BODY MODEL OF7Li NUCLEI Zliiisupov M.A., SaRindykov Sh.Sh., Snkhiev S.K. SRIFJ'P, Al-l-'arahv Kazakh Stale National University, Atnutty, Kazakhstan Institute of Nuclear Physics NNC HK, Almaly, Kazakhstan kISXill-'., Astatta, Kazakhstan In last years potential three-cluster models ol' light nuclei have received a wide circulation. H is supposed in them, that the nuclei consist of three clusters (cl, t, a- particles and nucleons), taking place in the ground states of an internal movement, and all excitation of nuclei are connected to a relative movement of fragments The important moment in these models is the choice of. cluster-cluster interactions taking into account compound structure of panicles and reproducing the appropriate phases of elastic scattering. For the account of a Pauli principle the deep potentials of the attractions containing forbidden states are used. On this way the significant progress in research of structure of nuclei ''Li- Characteristics Theory Hxperiinent/4/ Root mean chrge radius., fm 2,44 2,30 :!: 0,03 Quadrupole moment, nib 28,98 40.6 ±0.8 Obviously, the root-mean-square radius of Li nucleus is reproduced not bad, however, designed the quadrupole moment is approximately 30% less than experimental value. This fact, in our account, can be connected with neglection of the ground state of Li nucleus of configurations with the higher orbital moment of a relative movement between a- particle and deutron. 1 Voronchev V.T. et al. //' Yad. Phys., 1994. v.57. Nil P. 1964; 2. Kukulin V.I. I-t al. // Nucl. Phys.' 1984. A4 17. P. 128. 3. Zhusupov at al // l/.v RAN, 2001.. N.5.(to be published) 4. Ajzenberg-Selovc F. // Nucl. Physs !9S8, V. A490, p. i 109 UZ0201732 Section l_Pa|lic]esjiiid_NHCjci CALCULATION OF 7Li(n,y)*Li REACTION AT LOW ENERGY RANGE AND CHARACTERISTICS OF J*T = 3+l RESONANCE Zhusupov M.A., Sagindvkov Sh.Sh., Burtebaev N. SRIETP, Al-l'araby Kazakh State National University, Altnaty, Kazakhstan Institute of Nuclear 1'hysics NN(' RK, A/maty, Kazakhstan The reaction of radiative capture of neutrons by 7Li nuclei plays important role in nuclear astrophysics. Gamov' theory of light element production with A--4 encounters difficulties as stable elements with A::-5 and 8 do not exist. Thus chain of reactions 7 lt l2 l2 a(tsY) Li(nfy) Li(a,n)"B(n,Y) B(p-v) C can solve these problems Based on ihree can-potential cluster model the wave functions and characteristics of nucleus KLi and potential of n-7Li interaction have been calculated By using these parameters total cross section and rates of 7L.i(n,y)liLi process in the energy region from ICTeV to IMeV have been found There is narrow resonance with J"T -: ~ .VI quantum number in cross section of the elastic scattering n-7Li and 7Li(n,y)xLi reaction Characteristics of this resonance have been calculated by using three body wave funcions of "Li nucleus UZ0201733 PRECISE VARIATIONAL STUDY OF A FEVV-NUC LEON SYSTEMS Simenog I.V., Dolsenko I.S., C>i*iityuk B.E. Bogolyubov Institute for Theoretical 1'hysics, NASH, Kiev, Ukraine Taras Shevchenko Kiev National University, Kiev, Ukraine For a few-nucleon systems with central exchange spin-dependent NN-potential and Coulomb interaction between the protons, an approach free from isospin representation is proposed. Within general assumptions, it is shown for "I he nuclei *II, 'lie in the S - '/; spin state and 4He in the S ~ 0 state to have the following two equivalent representations: a) traditional isospin representation with the generalized Pauli principle taken into account and resulting in a set of four equations for spatial components of the wave functions in the case of * 11, a set of six equations in the case of !He, and twelve ones for "'He; b) an approach with the assumption on the difference between the neutrons and the protons, which leads to a set of two equations for spatial components of the wave function in all the above cases, in the genera! case, the number of independent wave function components (and thus the number of equations) depends on the total spin and the Young diagram dimension regardless of the Coulomb interaction presence. Explicit relations between the wave functions of both representations are obtained. Within the approach assuming the protons to be different from the neutrons, the set of equations is generalized to the case of exchange interaction with the broken charge symmetry. With the use of the equations for three and four nucleons within the approach without isospin, we study the properties of the nuclei Yl, 31 le and "'lie with high precision using the optimization schemes for the Cialyorkin variational method with Gaussian basis. An essential advantage of our approach is shown in comparison with the traditional one using the isospin representation. Our approach (combined with the developed adaptation schemes of complete Section I. Particles and Nuclei optimization of the basis) results in more high precision at essentially less dimensions of the basis in comparison with the known calculations [1] in traditional approach In addition to the energies and r.m.s radii, the density distributions, formfactors, pair correlation functions and momentum distributions are analyzed for three and four nucleons with a number of commonly used interaction potentials (Minnesota, Afnan-Tang. F.ikemeier-Haekenbroich etc.) as well as with our version of potential K2 [2] with small repulsion at short distances. Comparison of the results is carried out, and the convergence with the basis dimension increase is analyzed in the cases of spinless approximation [2,3] for the nuclear interaction potential, isospin representation with spin-dependent potentials, and the approach without use of the isospin quantum number. We find the hierarchy of configurations for symmetric and asymmetric (with respect to permutation o\" identical particles) wave function components with the increase of the basis dimension, and it is shown for the optimal choice of the basis functions that each of the involved asymmetric Gaussian component needs a few (about 3) symmetric ones to be involved into consideration because of their dominant role Due to the essential deer ase of the number of equations in comparison with that in traditional approaches, precise study of nuclei containing up to six nucleons with central exchange NN-potentials becoues possible. The minimum number of equations in our approach as well as the optimization schemes for constructing the optimal basis gives a possibility to present the results of precise calculations in the form of a short list of parameters of the explicit wave function (in Gaussian representation) which can be directly used by other researches for studying the processes with the nuclei *H, 'He and ''He involved References 1. K.Varga, Y.Suzuki. Phys Rev.C v 52, JVs 6, 1995, p 2885-2905 2. B.E.Grinyuk, l.V.Simenog Ukr.J Phys, v 45 JVsl, 2000, p.2l-3O. 3. B E Grinyuk, l.V.Simenog. Ukr.J Phys , v 45, JV«4-5, 2000, p.625-633. UZ0201734 SKYRMION DEFORMATION IN FINITE NUCLEI Vaklisliicv IJ.T. theoretical Physics Department ami Institute of Applied Physics National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan The possible modification of nucleon properties in the nuclear medium is currently a much discussed topic in low energy hadron physics. One way to consider such problems is to describe the nucleon as a topological soliton and then study the influence of baryonic matter on the properties of such solitons, making use of the independent panicle picture which has been so successful I in describing many properties of nuclei. There exist already some works where nucleons described as Skyrme-type solitons embedded in infinite nuclear matter have been considered [1,2]. The results of these studies were in qualitative agreement with experimental indications and with results of other authors using different approaches. On the quantitative level, however, there is a too large renormalization of the nucleons' effective mass in nuclear matter. The quantitative value of this renonnalization is about 40% for the normal nuclear matter density. It is therefore difficult to relate this modification of the nucleon self-energy in the medium to the nucleon mass in free space because such 111 Section I. Panicles ;tnd Nuclei calculations consider only the special case when a nucleon is placed in the center of U\e heavy nucleus. The infinite nuclear matter approach allows one only to consider properties of nucleons placed near the center of heavy nuclei where the density is constant. One can expect that taking into account nonspherical effects, i.e. deformation of the skyrmion in the finite nucleus, would improve the results also on the quantitative level Density changes play an important role when the nucleon is placed at sufficiently large distances from the center of nucleus. Some approach to deformation of the interacting two skyrmions in the Skyrme model has been made in the work [3], where changes in the nucleon shape are investigated by letting the nucleon to deform under the strong interactions with another nucleon. On the other hand, rotational and vibrational excitations of deformed skyrmions also have been considered for baryon number equal to one (B--I) system [4). In the number of works [5] effort has been made to investigate the axially .symmetric lew skyrmionic (B>1) systems, because of spherically symmetric configurations in the skyrme model do not give bound skyrmionic systems [6] even if the solutions of the model in the finite nuclei have been considered [7]. In the present work we consider properties o\' the deformed nucleon embedded into medium —heavy and heavy finite nuclei. Deformation effects are introduced by the distortion of the profile function of chira! field under the action of the external field (which parametrizes the baryonic density within a given nucleus). Wi; calculate modifications of nucleon properties in finite nuclei Their dependence on the distance between the centers of the skyrmion under consideration and the nucleus will be considered. 1. A.M. Rakhimov, MM. Musakhanov, F.O. Khanna and U.T. Yakhshiev, Phys. Rev C58, 1738(1998). 2. A.M. Rakhimov, F.C. Khanna, U.T. Yakhshiev, MM Musakhanov, Nucl Phys. A643, 383 (1998); M. Musakhanov, A. Rakhimov, U Yakhshiev, Z. Kanokov. Phys. Atom. Nucl. (Russ. J. Nucl. Phys.) 62, 1988 (1999) 3. A. Rakhimov, T. Okazaki, MM. Musakhanov, h". Khanna, Phys Lett B378, 12(1996). 4. C. Hajduk, B. Schwesinger, Phys. Lett B378. 171 (1984), C Hajduk, B Schwesinger, Nucl. Phys A453, 620 (1986). 5 V B Kopeliovich, BE. Stem, Sov. J. Jl-TP Lett 45, 165 (1987); V A Nikolaev, Sov. J. Part Nucl. 20, 40! (1989), T Kurihara, II Kanada, T. Otofuji, S. Sailo, Prog. Theor. Phys. 81, 858(1989). 6. E.B Bogomolniy, V.A. Fateev, Sov. J. Nucl. Phys. 37, 228 (1983)., 7. U.I. Yakhshiev, N.A.Taylanov, Uzb. J. Phys. 2, 114 (2000). UZ0201735 A STUDY OF THE NIICLEON TRANSFER REACTIONS ON BORON NUCLEI 'Burtebaev N., 'Baklybaev M.K., 'Duysebacv B.A., 'Blccliman A. ML, 'Basybekov K.B. 2Arten»ov S.V., 2Kayumov M. A., 2hlarakhodzacv A.A., 2Radyuk G.A., 2Ynklashev B.S., 2Zaparov E.A. •'institute of Nuclear Physics NNC RK, Ahmtly, Kazakhstan Institute of Nuclear Physics I Izhekistan Academy of Science, Tashkent, Uzbekistan The differential cross sections of the nucleon transfer reactions on 10B and UB nuclei are measured on alpha and deuteron beams of the 150-cm isochronous cyclotron of the National Nuclear Center of the Republic of Kazakhstan (Almaty) at energies Eu - 50.5 MeV and A',.* - 25 MeV The analysis of experimental differential cross sections was performed by Section I. Particles and Nuclei method combining the conventional DWBA and dispersion reaction theory [*,2], which is suitable for peripheral one-step processes. The advantage of the approach for such reactions is a possibility to obtain the phenomenological values of nuclear vertex constants for nucleon virtual separation which are more stable to variations of optical parameters and almost independent on the choice of geometry parameters of the Woods-Saxon nucleon bound state potential. Good DWBA fitting of the angular distributions shape in the forward hemisphere, the behavior of the test function H(h) [2], and independence of the cutoff-radius of radial overlapping integral (up to 3.5 fm) for calculated cross section in the main peak of angular distribution shows that the nucleon transfer in these reactions may be considered as a pure peripheral process. The DWBA calculations were performed using DWUCK5 code in finite range approximation assuming the spectroscopic factor values of the "light" vertex are .Vnic —1.35 3 for He-> ihp [2], .v, «1.28 |6] for / ••-• ihp and .vu -114 for ''He -•> 'l 1e+ n [T\. These values were calculated with geometric parameters /•„ = 1.25 fni and a ~ 0.65 fm for bound state potential The optical potential parameters from [5], and global potentials [6,7] were used for analysis of the reaction llB( " Bct,,sJ p and \(>*\ ~ 13.7 ± 1.64 fm for excited state formation (A* ™ n 3 33 MeV) of nucleus '"lie ( B--> '"lie ,..i.» M*V + p). The spectroscopic factors {c\s. -0.96 ± 0.1 1 and c S* ~ I 52 ± 0.18. respectively) for these heavy vertices were calculated via I (/I values. Here and below the spectroscopic factors were calculated with «standard» geometric parameters of the bound state potential /o ~ 1.25 fm and u ~ 0 65 fm. The phenomenological values of nuclear vertex constants for virtual neutron separation obtained from differential cross sections of luH(u,'lle)"B reaction at energy 50.5 MeV are 2 IO 2 I G'gS 1 = •• 2.13 ± 0.25 fm for ground state of nucleus "B ("B-> 11B „ + //), and i G* 1 - 0.014 lll ±0.0018 fin for excited state (/•;+ - 2 125 MeV) of "B nucleus ("B-> B 2.m M.V + //). The optical model parameters were used for entrance channel from [8], aiid for exit channel from [5], The inverse "B('He, a)'°B reaction was investigated at energy 22.7 MeV in [9]. As 2 authors considered, the obtained in [9] value of U/os I - I 64 fm is underestimated for some reasons. One of them is connected to a large value of (J for this reaction in comparison with ii":e a-particles energy. It can bring to the orbital moments missing which are responsible for 1 the same impact parameter. The value of |G B.S.I value obtained here is rather larger than that given in [9], and proves partly the conclusions of the authors. At the same time it is 2 significantly smaller then value |Ge.J - 5.3 fm obtained from "'B( IOB +// also were calculated: - c\V •= 0 52 ± 0.06 for ground sl.'c "B and c2S = 0.17 ± 0.02 for excited stale "B (A'*=2.125 MeV). The phcnomenological values of nuclear vertex constants for virtual neutron separation "B —> IOB i// were obtained from the analysis of differential cross sections of "B(c/,/)'°B reaction at energy A,/-- 25 MeV. The several pairs of optical parameter sets from [5] and the global deuteron potential f6] are used in DWBA calculations. For the ground state IOB the 2 value, averaged over the used optical parameter sets, is: |GB.S.I - 3.51 ± 0.54 fm. The spectroscopic factor c\Sv I 08 ±0.17 for heavy vertex was calculated by using the obtained va'ue of nuclear vertex constant. For the excited (A"*--0 72 MeV) state of IOB nucleus the 2 values U;i;J -- 0 43 ± 0.06 fm and cls'-OIS ± 0.03 have been obtained The error for the last reaction includes the uncertainty connected to the averaging over the used sets of optical parameters. The single set of optical parameters was found for analysis ois llB(c/,lHe)l 113 Section 1. Particles and Nuclei 1. l.R.Gulamov et a!. // Phys At. Nuel 1995, v.58, p 1689 2. S.V. ArtemovetaJ. //Phys. At. Nud. 1996, v.59, p.428 3. N. Burtebaev et al. // Abstracts of 3-hd International Conf "Nuclear and Radiation Physics, 4-7 Jun. 2001 y., Almaty, Kazakhstan, p. 100-101. 4. l.R.Gulamov// Doaor. dissert., Tashkent, 1990 y. p.33O 5. CM. Perey, F.G. Perey // ADNDT. 1976, v 17, p 1. 6 W.W. Daechnick, J.D. Childs, Z. Vrcelj.//Phys. Rev 1980 C21. p.2253 7. H.-J. Trost, PLezoch, U.Strohbusch. // Nucl. Phys., A462, N 2, (1987), p. 333. 8. F zu Bentheim et al. // Z Physik. 1976, v A279, p 163 9. AM Mukhamedzhanov et al . // Yad.Fiz 1990, v 52, p 704. UZ0201736 PROPERTIES OF Sm (A=145, 147, 149) ODD ISOTOPES NUCLEI Omanov ShM Isakulov E., Ismailova T., Musayev B., Sodiqov M. Samarkand Stale University, Uzbekistan An analysis of main and low located excited levels of Sin odd-neutron nuclei with N=83, 85 and 87 shows that the levels 3/2' of N--83 nuclei are located higher than those for N=85 nuclei. Analogous behaviour is observed for states 5/2' while transition from N=85 nuclei to N=87 ones. "^Sm nucleus has one neutron over filled N^'82 cover. The energy of first excited state h-^: high value (893,74 keV, 3/2). Calculations using single-particle model well describe characteristics of the following states: 0 keV (2f7i), 893,74 keV (3pt/2) and 1423,22 keV H5 (llv, 2) in Sm ll7Sin nucleus has three neutrons over a closed cover. The energy of first excited state 121,25 keV (5/2") is abruptly decreased. UjSm nucleus has five neutrons over filled N=82 cover. First excited level of l49Sm (5/2') is analogous to corresponding level of ll7Sm (5/2'). The following levels 277,08 keV (5/2') and 350,00 keV (3/2") of H9Sm, probably, have multi-particle configuration. Even-even spanning sit of 14<\Sm is a nuclei of i4xSm, which is soft for surface vibrations. That's why level 528,48 keV (3/2*), probably, in accordance with quasiparticle-phonon model has the admixture of quasiparticle components in sub-covers f?2, fv2 (these levels are energetically close) plus phonon Qi(2). H is difficult to tell anything concrete about property of 558,41 keV (5/2") level. Values of Igfi for '(-transition to this state point out to either muUipanticle configuration with strong component of iv-2 orbit, or appearance of noticeable deformation. 114 UZ0201737 Section I. Particles and Nuclei APPROVAL OF PARAMETRISA TION OF 7Lid POTENTIAL INTERACTION Sngiudykov Sh., Sakliiev S., Zliaksybckova K., Burkova N. Kazakh Stole University, A/inafy, Kazakhstan As it was shown in |l] it is possible to single out cluster configurations as H 6He+3He, ''Li+ H within the multicluster 2aN presentation of 'Be taking into account the independent interaction potentials of more light nuclei like aN, ad, at and others. The developed scheme of projection on different cluster channels was used by authors [2] in case of 7Lid interaction and led to the following set of parameters: V(r)==V0/exp(l Kr-R-oVa), where V,, -64 12 McV, Ro 1.98 fin. i\- 0.927 fin Then we used these results for the calculations of some characteristics of Lid elastic scattering, i.e. elastic scattering phase shifts, differential angular distiibutions, total cross section (Fig. 1). As Fig. i shows main contribution into a „„ cross section is coming due to the odd waves. They also define the pronounced structure of the dynamic pattern of aM The obtained results have been applied for the analysis of the photonuclear process yBey->7Lid 1; S.Sakhiev, Ph.D.Thesis. Almaty ->00 - 150 100 - t>o - 0 - I? Eu,,, MeV 2. Sh.Sagindikov, S.Sakhiev, private communication UZ0201738 INVESTIGATION OF 7Lici-CLUSTER CHANNEL IN PHOTOINDUCED REACTIONS Burkova N.A., Zliaksybckova K.A., 'Lcnnik S.G. Kazakh State University, Almaty, Kazakhstan 'institute of Nuclear Physics o/NASKK, A/ina/y, Kazakhstan The projection of He ground state wave function onto Lid-cluster channel has been done in the frame of 2aN mullicluster dynamic mode! with Pauli projection [I] constructed 15. Section I. Panicles and Nuclei analytically within the three-body problem in approach of two-particle V,ia- and VuN- internction In treated case integration procedure Kukuiin V.I. e.a. //J.Phys Soc.Jpn.58(1989), p 777-789. UZ0201739 HADRON SCATTERING BY 7LI NUCLEUS IN THREE-PARTICLE cxDN-MODEL Ibraeva E.T., Zlmsupov M.A., Sagindykov Sh.Sh. Institute Nuclear Physics NN(' I'K, Alma-Ala, Kazakhstan Differential cross section (DCS) and analyzing power (Ay) experimental measurements at 0 2 (JeV polarized proton beam scattering have been carried out at cyclotron of Indiana University (IUCF) /I/. The same experiments for O.I J.I, 0.164 and 0.194 GeV K1 -meson scattering have been made at Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI) in Switzerland 121. Within the framework of Glauber-Sitenko theory, proton and n~ -meson differential scattering cross sections at the same energies have been calculated. By contrast to our previous computations on the same nucleus 121, wave function of the mentioned nucleus was chosen within three- body adn-model, calculated with realistic potentials of intercluster interaction. Kla.stic and inelastic scattering DCS sections were calculated, and it was chosen that they arc reproduced in a proper way within the framework of diffraction theory. Investigation the dependence of this characteristics from various three-body wave function component contribution and from different scattering multiplicities in Q multiple scattering operator allows to conclude about both nuclear structure and various particle type interaction peculiarities. Besides, comparison of DCS calculated with three-particle adn, cluster at and V with oscillator F3| Li wave functions has been carried out. It was shown the influence of real asymptotic behaviour of cluster wave functions on cross section shape at small scattering angles corresponding to large distance in co-ordinate space. Differential cross section investigation at different energies of the scattered particles showed that intensity (a great number of maximuma and minimuma, the extending, diffraction minimum shifting to small scattering angle region) is observed for protons with 116 Section I. Partjclcs and Nuclei energy increasing. Another situation is observed for rc1 -mesons in the energy region 0 1-0.24 GeV. It is connected with the availability of A.i.i-resonancc defined DCS in nN-interaction. 1. Glower C.W., Foster CC, Schwandt P. ct al., Phys.Rev 1991. V.C43. P. 1664 2. Ritt S., Boschitz E.T., Brinkmoller B. et al., Phys.Rev 1994. V.C49. P 320 3. Zhusupov MA., Ibraeva E.T, Yad.Fiz. 2000 V.63. Nil. P.2003; Izv.RAS Ser.'Fiz. 2001. V.65. NI.P.86 UZ0201740 THE INVESTIGATION OF LOW ENERGY NUCLEAR CLUSTER INTERACTIONS THROUGH THE RESEARCH OF PHOTOABSORPTION REACTIONS Takibaev N.Zh., Livcntsova A.S., Lennik S.C. Institute Nuclear Physics NNC PK, Alma-Ata. Kazakhstan Interactions of electromagnetic radiation with composite nuclear systems are characterized by a selective and single action. The first feature implies appropriate selection rules relatively to the electromagnetic components, whereas the second one means applicability of the perturbation theory, provided Z <-r 137, i.e. not very heavy nuclei are under consideration Due to this, rather clear formulae of the physical process can be applied, for instance, for reactions of nuclear photo absorption. In the frame of this consideration, the characteristics of the nuclear system in its definite quantum states, corresponding to the components of decomposition in multiple electromagnetic transitions, play the main role. These characteristics supply and refine the data which were obtained or can be obtained from ordinary nuclear experiments and model descriptions. It concerns, in particular, determination of the nuclear wave functions derived on a base of simple cluster-cluster interactions or simple model representations. The calculations and the analysis are performed in the frame of the effective potential of interaction between composite particles [1,2]. It has been found that the obtained inelastic scattering channel amplitudes formally coincide with the similar amplitudes occurring in the final-state interaction theory. In many cases a structure of the inelastic transition amplitudes / turns out to be factorized; f ~ Here if/ j are the nuclear system accurate wave functions reduced asymptotically to definite final states j , and h/f o{A,y^ is the Born amplitude for nucleus transition to a certain preferential state chosen by selection rules, in this case - in the course of nucleus interaction with a y quantum The gain factor D (y) = (y/~ y/M represents an ordinary final-state 117 Section I. Particles and Nuclei transition matrix. The function D contains implicitly ail peculiarities of the cluster interaction dynamic, including threshold anomalies and tree-bodv effects They depend on both the system total energy E and the cluster relative motion energy O In three-body problems the quantity y~QI E ranges from zero to unity for inelastic channels, whereas the values of y must be greater than unity for the elastic amplitude. Besides, the interval 0 < y < 1 corresponds to the region of existence of moving singularity [3]. As for elastic transitions, the function I) contains dynamical singularities, in particular, the scattering resonances in the pie-region threshold relatively to cluster excitation. 1. Pen'kov F. M., Takibacv N. Zh. , Yadernaya Fisika, 1994, v.57, N 7, p 1300 2. Ta';ibae\ N. Zh.. Pen'kov F. M ., Nuclear and radiation physics, Almaty, 1999, v 1, p 34 3. Takibaev N Zh ., Yadernaya Fisika, 2000, v.63, p 248. UZ0201741 ISOMERIC YIELD RATIOS OF PHOTOPROTON REACTIONS ON "2 ll8Sn NUCLEI 'Palvanov S.R., 'Karahodjaev A.K., 2Rajabov O. ; Department of Physics, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan JInstitute of Applied Physics, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan In the present work the results of the investigation of the isomeric yieids ratios Y,,,/Yg of the photoproton reactions ll2Sn(y,p)ll!'"'gln and ll< The obtained Eymax dependence of the isomeric yields ratios Ym/YKof the reaction (y, p) ll2 on Sn looks like a saturation curve. In the saturation region Ym/Yg are equal to 0,047 ± 0,003 at E,,Ilax=30 MeV. The results are in good agreement with the data of ref/4/. The results of the reaction (y,p) on mSn compared with data of ref./5/. 18 Section I. Particles and Nuclei MeV Target nucleus ~"zSn,0 25 O,O43(2J 2,9 (2) 30 0,047(3) 3,1(2) 31 0,048(3) 2,5(0 32 0,0470) 2,2(1) 33 0,046(3J i 1,0(2) 34 0,044(3) 2,2(1) 35 0,042(3) 2,5(1) Experimental isomeric ratios are compared with the calculations performed in the statistical Fermi-gas theory 161. » 1. Babadjanov R.D., Palvanov S.R., Rajabov ()., Shclerneev G.L. Nucl. Exper. Techniques, N2, 1997, p. 10 2. Lederer CM., Shirley V.S. Table of Isotopes. New-York. 1978 3. Vanska R, Ricppo R Nucl. lustrum. Method, I981,v. 179, p. 525 ' 4: Davidov M.G et all. Proceedings of 36-Conference of Nuclear spectroscopy and Nuclear Structure, 1987, p.377. 5. Bseda I.Z et nil. Proceedings of 41-Conference of Nuclear spectroscopy and Nuclear Structure, 1992, p.245 6. Aripov L.Y. Nucl. Phys., 1982, v.34, p. 1028. UZ0201742 ISOMERIC YIELD RATIOS AND CROSS SECTION RATIOS OF THE (y,n) REACTION ON HSRb AND 87Rb NUCLEI >PaivnnovS.R.,2RajabovO. ; Department ofPhysics, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan 'Institute of Applied Physics, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan Isomeric yield ratios Y,n/Ye and cross section ratios ojat of the photonuclear reactions 85Rb(Y,n)!!4nVB Rb and 87Rb(y,n)Mm"B R-b in bremsstrahlung beam of the heavy-current betatron SB-50 have been measured by the induced radioactivity method in the energy range of 13-35 MeV with energy step of I MeV. A device for the intra-chamer bremsstrahlug irradiation of samples in a betatron, combined with a K5-2A pneumotransport system was used in order to increase the density of the bremsstrahliug flux III. The device is mounted at a distance of 14 cm from the tungsten target of a high-current SB- 50 betatron which allows the samples to be transferred in plastic containers without a risk of overheating The induced activites were examined by detecting and analyzing y-rays with help of a 63 cm Ge(Li) semiconductor spectrometer equipped with a 4096 channel pulse height analyzer. The counting system had a resolution of 3,5 KeV for the 1332 KeV y-line of 60Co. Identification of populations of the metastable and the ground state was performed 84n through the gamma-ray with energy : EY =216,3 .KeV for 'Rb (T,.2-20,5 m, J"=6'), E, M8 n X6m -881,6 KeV for Rb(Ti,-2=32,9 d, J -2"),. EY =555,8 KeV for Rb(T|/2=l,02 m, J"=6"),. E, 86B n -1078,8 KeV for Rb(T1/2-18,6 d, i =Z). The spectroscopical data were taken from the 119 Section I. Panicles and Nuclei tables of Lederer and Shirley 12!. The isomcric ratios were calculated according to the equation of Vanska and Rieppo !M. The results of calculation are given in the table below y MeV Targeti uicleus, ./ ' S'M,5/ 2 j "VW.3/2 22 O.33(!i 1 0,084(4]^ 23 1 0,3 2( 1) I 0.092(4) 24 ! 0,3 3( ) 1 6.086(4) 25 "t 0,3 M ) 1 0,087(4) The obtained Fy,,1;,s dependence oi the isomeric yields ratios Y,,,/Y,. of the leaction (y, n) !<5 on Rb looks like a saturation curve In the saturation region Y,,,/YR are equal to 0,33 ± 0,01 at Eynux^S MeV. The results are in good agreement with the data of ref /4/. The results of the reaction (y, n) on x7Rb The experimental results are compared with the calculations made in the statistical Fermi-yts theory/."/ The level density of excited nuclei is calculated by the known level density formula of Bethe-Bloch 16/. The spfu part of the level density was taken as p( J) {2./ + !)exp[- (./ -t- 1/2)•• / 2o2] The experimental results are in agreement with the calculated ratios for vaiues of spin cut-off parameter o between 2 and 3 1. Babadjanov R.D.. Palvanov S.R., Rajabov O , Shelemeev G.L Nucl. Exper. Techniques, N2, 1997, p. 10 2. Lederer CM., Shirley VS. Table of Isotopes. New-York, 1978. 3. Vanska R., Rieppo R. Nucl. lustrum. Method, 1981.v. 179,p.525. 4. Devidov M.G. et all. Atomic Energy, v.62, N3, 1985, p. 193. 5. Aripov L.Y. Nucl. Phys., 1982, v.34, p. 1028. 6. Malishev A.V. The level density and structure of the' atomic nuclei. M., Atomizdat, 1969. UZ0201743 THE INTEGRATED CROSS-SECTION OF FHOTONUCLEAR REACTIONS (y,n)m ON NUCLEI WITH 59 < A < 142 ON THE GIANT DIPOLE RESONANCE REGION 'Palvanov S.R.,2Rajabov O., 2Inoyntov A. Kh., 2Darvishkhodjaev Kh. ' Department of Physics, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan 2 Institute of Applied Physics, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan In this paper, results of the experimental study of the integrated cross-section of (y,n)m (x=n, p, 2n, 3n, a) photonuclear reactions on nuclei with mass numbers 59 120 Section i. Particles and Nuclei of the element or some simple compound, were irradiated with bremsstrahlung beam of 25 MeV maximum energy produced by the heavy-current betatron SB-50 of the Institute of Applied Physics of National University ol~ Uzbekistan. A device for the intra-chamer bremsstrahlung irradiation of samples in a betatron, combined with a K5-2A pneumotransport system was used in order to increase the density of the bremsstrahlung flux/1/. The device is mounted at a distance of 14 cm from the tungsten target of a high-current SB- 50 betatron which allows the samples to be transferred in plastic containers without a risk of overheating. The induced activities were examined by detecting and analyzing y-rays with help of a 63 cm'1 Ge(Li) semiconductor spectrometer equipped with a 4096 channel pulse height analyzer The counting system had a resolution of 3,5 KeV for the 1332 KeV y-line of °°Co. The yields of photonuclear reactions were obtaind by comparing method. The (>4Cu activities 5 o4 produced by the " Cu(y.n) Cu (T|2~!2,7 h, EY"5!I KeV) processes were used for comparisons. The yield of radioactivity Y(Ey,1K!v), which is the rate of photonuclear reaction during an irradiation at a particular bremsstiahlung limiting energy E^^the end point energy), is given by the expression I'-ymax where No is the number of target nuclei, o( F.Y) is the cross section as a function of the photon energy EY, W(EV, H,maN)is the spectral function of the bombarding bremsstrahlurmg at the end : point Energy E,n)i.,, Eo-5 I I KeV. l.t)H- is the threshold energy. If yields of photonuclear reaction are known then we can define the integrated cross section by the expression n Ah' ) !7max v l t-ymax > = ;r -~;r- • J »• (/'v, i'y ,nax )di'.r (2) '-''max ''-thr i'ifv. were Ojni is the intergraied cross section ''ymax W(Xy *'••:, max W'-y (3) lrlhr ' The integrated cross section was obtained by using eq. (2). The results of calculation are given in the table below. Phot.reaction I cr,,,,, MeV mb Phot reaction Cj!lt, MeV mb 2O5(2O) 33(4) 7X 77m 5 4 Se(y,iV) Se j l'80(40) T * Rb(Y"n)* "'R.b f 175(20) The results were compared with other experimental data. The integrated cross sections for some reactions are obtained at first. !. Babadjanov R.D., Palvanov S.R., Rajabov 0., Shelemeev G.L. Nucl. Exper. Techniques, N2, 1997, p. 10 121 UZ0201744 Section J. Particles and Nuclei PLANNED INVESTIGATIONS OF SUB-COULOMB FUSION AND CHARGED PARTICLE TRANSER REACTIONS INDUCED BY LIGHT NUCLEI OF THE HEAVY IONS ACCELERTOR «DC-60» FOR ASTROPHYSICAL APPLICATIONS 'Burtebaev N., 'Duysebaev A., !K'adyrzhanov K.K., 2Ku/.hcvskij B.M., 3Yarnuikhnmpdov R. 'institute Nuclear Physics NNC J'K. Alma-Ata, Kazakhstan 'Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow State University. Moscow, Russia Institute of Nuclear Physics, Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Tashkent, Uzbekistan A reliable estimation of rates of different nuclear processes, which arc responsible for light element abundance in the Universe, is one of the most actual problems of modern nuclear astrophysics For example, production of the light elements /./, He, H, N and 0 is an important probe of Big-Bang nuclear syntesis and the solar neitrino problem In its turn, solution of this problem is impossible without reliable data about cross-sections (or astrophysical S-faetors) oi' different nuclear processes, such as dfa,y/'Li, Be(p,yfB, ''C(a,y)"'O and others, at rather low energies Additional experimental and theoretical efforts are now encouraged to detemine the astrophysica! A(a, y)H reactions raies , for instance "'H('a, y/'' Li . 'lle(o^y) Be, Be(p,y)'sB, l2jiC(p,y)h'l4N, l2C((x,y)',''(Y and others, in correct way Due to the penpherical character of the aforesaid reactions at extremely low energies, the overall normalization for the direct cross sections of these reactions may be determined by the nuclear vertex constant (//< (or its equivalent .the asymptotic normalization coefficient.! for the virtual decay B—> A t a [1,2]. Using Sub-Couiomb charged particles transfer reactions is one of a reliable way of determining NVC's. Consideration within the framework of the three -body model of Sub-Coulomb proton i> (or a- particle) transfer reactions X(li,A)\\ where B—> A-Hi and ) -> X+a and a is /; or a- particle, would allow to extract the NYC (in ((> y) for the B-> A+a ( Y-> X• a). The main motivation of using of these reactions is the following. Due to strong Coulomb repulsion of the colliding nuclei, the transfer of a particle proceeds at relatively large distances between the centers of masses of .V and B nuclei Therefore the cross section of these reactions can be . parametrized in terms of j (ii<(>r\". The latter can be determined from a comparative analysis of the experimental and calculated cross sections. Hence, if a value of (ly is known, one can find a value of GB or vice versa. For this aim, it is of interest to measure the cross sections of 6 7 16 J 7 u 1J S !2 I4 ihe - Li (''C, 0') 3H, 7Htt(! >*) s He, iJC("N u C)>'M Be( 'N, Cf B and C(' N, :3C)'4N reactions at energies of'/: •c ' 14N- ions below the Couiomd barrier. As the result, 12 1 l3 7 7 NVC 's for the vituai decays -> c + a. -"N-> ' " i pA *B-> Be i- p and Be-> 3He a can be extracted in a model independent way in order to use them for a accurate calculation of the astrophysical S -factors of the 3He(a,y)7Be, 7Bc(p,y)sBUJ3C(p,y)h''''N and l2C(a,y)16O at asrtophycally relevant energies . O\ zx last years, for the duration of the solar flares the significant change of the spectrum of the solar y- rays with energies within the range 0.5+1.0 MeV has been revealed . This experimental fact was theoretically predicted in V> j and is caused by the phenomenon, where a during of the solar flares a large concentration ol Sight nuclei ( such as He, C, N, 0 ets) is formed in the atmosphere of the Sun. It results in nuclear reactions of fusion followed by emission of the y- rays with energies within the range 0.3+3.0 MeV . Besides, a number of individual gamma-lines are also observed., which can not be separated in the cosmic experiment up to now. Perhaps, the observed spectrum of radiation of produced nuclei is 122 Section I. Particles and Nuclei quasi-continuous. Therefore, it is also of great interest to carry out experiments on fusion reactions of light nuclei with emission of 7- rays These experimental investigations are planned to be carried out on heavy ion accelerator «DC-60» in a branch of the 1NP N'NC RK at tiie Gumilcv Euro-Asian University. This isochronous accelerator accelerates ions from (' till Kr within the energy range of 0.4 r- 1.66 MeV/N and has an energy resolution - l°o Other characteristics of this accelerator for the planned experiments are being discussed too • References 1. AM. Mukhamedzhanov, N.K.Timofeyuk.JLTP Lett. 51(1990)282 2. S.B.lgamov, T.T.Tursunmuratov. R Yarmukhamedov.Phys. At.Nucl.60(1997)282 3. V.M.Kuzhevskiy. «Nuclear processes in the atmosphere of the sun and solar cosmic radiation». Moscow, < UZ0201745 EMISSION PROPERTIES OF FISSION PRODUCTS Gnulzevich O.'F, institute of Nuclear Power Engineering, Obninsk, Russia The statistical mode! of nuclear reactions is applied to describe the fission fragment neutrQn and gamma emission characteristics for spontaneous fission of 252Cf and for fission of "U by thermal neutrons. Averaged excitation energies of fission fragments were extracted from experimental neutron multiplicities. The observable characteristics of emission are reproduced in a wide rani>e of total kinetic energies and masses of complementary fragments (fig!-2). • ! ; i **""«> o " -I j /••.. L... irr-- frttt--"; * a-^, TKE, MaB Fig. I. Neutron multiplicities from fission fragment of Cf(sf) as a function of TKE. 123 Section i. Particle and Nuclei 9 l, J ! 7 J i- r .-) »"%. / \...v \y J'i^.2. Mean neutron energy ;;s a function of fission fragment mav References !. Budtz-Jort-ensen (.". and Knitter IIH.,7 Nud.Phvs. A490. 19SS I1 3H7 UZ02UI746 DO HADRONIC CHARGE EXCHANGE REACTIONS MEASURE ELKCTROWEAK L=l STRENGTH? Diuiiriev V. F., 2-Zclcvinsky V., "M.-AusCin Sam 1 Hmlki'r Institute of Nuclear I'In sit v, Novosibirsk 630090 National Superconducting ( \\ lotion Laboratory an Charge exchange reactions (A/, A/t.i) induced by hadronic projectiles are a powerful tool for probing spin-isospin degrees of freedom in nuclei [4] The spin-isospin parts of the operators that mediate charge exchange reactions such as (p, n) are the same as those involved in the corresponding processes induced by electromagnetio and weak interactions. As a result, the matrix elements describing hadronic charge exchange reactions are closely related to those, describing the rates of (3 decay or the cross sections of reactions induced by neutrinos. An eikonal model has been used to find the relationship between calculated strengths for the first forbidden p decay and calculated cross sections for (p, n) charge exchange reactions. It is found that they are proportional for strong transitions, suggesting that hadronic charge exchange reactions may be useful in determining the spin-dipole matrix elements for astrophysically interesting leptonic transitions. Our results [5] imply that there should be an approximate proportionality of the observed cross section at the maximum of the charge exchange reaction exciting spin-dipole modes and the leptonic strength. Having established the basic apparatus here to examine this issue, it will be important next to examine transition densities for heavier nuclides, so as to determine whether their shapes are similar enough for cross sections and Bj strengths being proportional. 1. F. Osterfeld, Rev. Mod. Phys. 64, 491 (1992). 2 J Rapaport and E. Sugarbaker, Ann. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. 44, 109 (1994). 3. W. P. Aiford and B.M. Spicer, Adv. Nucl. Phys. 24, 1 (1998). 4. H. Ejiri, Phys. Rep. 338, 265 (2000). 5 V.F. Dmitriev, V. Zelevinsky and Sam M Austin, preprint /nucl-th/ 0106055. 124 MPNP'Ol Section II sics of Matter UZ0201747 Section.11. Rid'.ation PhysicsprCondcnscd Mailer KINETICS OF RADIATIVE CHARGE RECOMBINATION IN ZnSc (Te,O) SCINTILLATOR CR\ STALS Sbragimova IC.M. Institute of Nuclear Physics Uzbekistan Academy of Science. Tashkent, Uzbekistan Monitoring of environment, tosic duinpsite and nuclear plant, and also nuclear medicine, X-ray fluorescence, coal and minim; operations require high sensitive X- and y-ray- dcteciors and scintillators Detectors based on CdZnTe are good at low energies. High light output of ZnSo blue diodes deteriorates with time 11 j. 1 he goal ol the work is experimental investigation of radiative and quenching centers, mechanisms and kinetics of luminescence and relevant non-radiative relaxation of excited states in. semiconducting ZnSei.x.yTevOy scintillator crystals, leading either to high radiation stability or to radiolysis. Samples were irradiated with -1.25 MeV-gamma-rays to doses ]0' iO' R at temperatures 77-300 K and with a neutron tluence of IOI(1 cm : at 320 K Element composition, optical absorption, photo- and gamma-induced luminescence, scintillations to photons from UY-laser and radioactive sources, and also afterglow were measured prior and after the irradiations The main results obtained at the first stage are: In the course of crystal growing process some part of Se evaporates leading to super- stoichiomeiry of Zn. All the studied samples have about 0.9x10"' cm"' Zn; or Vst, they serve as charge traps (h at V/r, and e' at Zn, ) and luminescent centers (bands between 470-720 nm). Te impurity ut -0.5 % enters the crystal very unevenly (the dispersion is as high as 50. The work is supported by 1NTAS project JSfl> 99-01348. 127 Section 11. Radiaiioii Phvsics of Condensed Mailer G.D. Watkins. Intrinsic Point Defects in Semiconductors. 1999 p. 143-140. Handbook of Semiconductor Technology, ed.by Jackson and Schriter, Vol. 1, Chapt.4, 2000. L.V Atroschenko.. S.F. Burachas, L.P. Galchinetski. V D. Ryzhikov. N.G. Starzhinski Scintillator crystals and detectors of ionizing radiation based on them Kiev 1998 (Russian). UZ0201748 OPTICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF QUARTZ - QUARTZ FIBER IN THE BREMSSTRAHLUNG GAMMA RADIATION FIELD 2Ashurov JVl.Kh., 2Gasanov CM., 2!snioilov Sh.Kh., 2Rustamov I.R., \Salikhbaev U.S., 'Safarov A.N., 'Yuldashcv B.S. 'institute of Nuclear J'hysics of Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Tashkent, Uzbekistan 'Scientific Industrial Association "I'honon", Tashkent, Uzbekistan ' Nuclear-physical laboratory of Samarkand State University, Samarkand, Uzbekistan The aim of uur investigations is the study of non-stationary absorption in the optical fibres (OF) induced by ionising irradiation. The sample investigated FVP-400 quartz - quartz OF with the OH-group contents at the level of 1000 pp\i was received from Polymicro Co (USA). The pan of OF (L-4,21m) turned into a ring of? cm diameter was exposed to a bunch of bremsstrahlung gamma - rays. At the same time this OF was used for guiding probing light. Other parts of the experimental set-up except the OF ring were protected from y-radiation. MDR-12 model monoehromator was used as an optical spectral device. The light signals were registered by FEU-100 model photomultimplier and displayed in S9-8 model digital storage oscilloscope. The Bremsstrahlung gamma-irradiation was emitted from the tungsten plate target under irradiation with electron beam of MT-22C model microtrone at the frequency 400 Hz and current of 7 u,A. The sample was placed in front of the target as ciose as possible (-7.5 oti apart). The y-b.eam radiation was characterised by the extended energy spectrum with the maximum near 7 MeV The transmission spectra of OF were measured during the irradiation and after it. The spectra of the induced losses (fig. I) were calculated by the equation AA(X)=(l/L)-log(T(A.)/Ti(A.)|, where T(K) is transmission spectra under influence of the radiation and Tt(X) - after turning off the electron bunch. It should be noted, that T(k) was measured just after the sample transmission change has reached the relative saturation. Both kinetics of absorption increasing and relaxation were measured (tig. 2). The main results obtained: 1. The original method for in-situ measuring OF optical characteristics under radiation influence was realised, which can be used foi studying the radiation properties of the wide class of optical materials. 2. The spectrum of transient losses in FVP-400 quartz - quartz OF was measured on the basis of this method and is characterised by a wide absorption band with the maximum at 380 nrn and essentially differs from that of stable losses 3. Transient losses in the investigated OF are characterised at least by two life-time constants T)«l min H T2«10 min. 128 Section II. Radiation Phvsics of Condensed Matter a) b) 0,5 250 450 550 650; 350 450 5S0 650 Wavelength, nm Wavelengtth nm . The transmission change under influence of the radiation (a) and the calculated y-induced losses spectra (b) a) 6) 1 O 200 400 600 800 Time, x 200 400 . 600 800 Time, s Kinetics of the gamma-induced absorption at X-~- 380 nm: a) induction process b) relaxation process UZ0201749 RADIATION HARDNESS OF SILICON AND SILICON BASED DEVICES: CURRENT STATUS AND PERSPECTIVES Makhkamov Sh., Tursuntn N.A., Khakimov Z,.(VI., 'Tishchenko V.V., 'Kraitchinskii A.M. Institute of Nuclear Physics Uzbekistan Academy of Science, Tashkent, Uzbekistan 1 Institute of Physics NASU, Kiev, Ukraine Wide use of electronic devices in nuclear energetics and cosmic flying apparatus puts high-requirements on stability of materials and electronic devices against influence of radiation and temperature. This report presents the results of analysis and systematization of literature on basic principles and ways for enhancement of radiation hardness of silicon as primary material for electronic industry and silicon based devices. It has been revealed that 129 Section II. RadiationiHfcvsics.*tfCondensed Mutter this problem is complex and now can be salved in afhnee .fliiftfepem ways constructive, (CVVt, scheme-technique (STVV), and technological >(TW). CW is applicable foi both discrete and integrated devices and involves following ways: choosing conductivity type for silicon, lowering the irteswi'i.vsty rtfiitritiail material up to optimal values, decreasing geometrical sizes of transition 'layers .and ibase region thickness, forming sharp transition profiles, hidden insulating layers and protectiirtg rings, and also dielectric coating and corp However, the diffusion technologies 4tn 130 Section II. Radiation Physics of Condensed M;iltcr radiation detects, their transformation and migration under different factors {temperature, recharging, etc) on microscopic or phenoinenological level If these tasks are solved successfully, one can expect an efficient neutralization of vacancies and silicon interstitial* responsible for formation of electrically active defect centers up to extremely high doses of irradiation, thereby enhancing reliability and durability of silicon based devices. This work was suppoited by STCU gram Uzb-32j UZ0201750 MD SIMULATION OF THE ION-STIMULATED PROCESSES IN SILICON SURFACE LAYERS Kiv A.E., Maximova T.I., 'Soioviev V.N. Hen-( iuiioti University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel 1 Krivay Rag State Pedagagical University, Krivoy Rag, Ukraine A widespread technological process in microelectronics is radiation treatment of silicon surface. Depending on an ion energy, dose, dose rate, and temperature conditions, silicon suiface can be damaged, amorphized or recrystallized The problem is to ciarify conditions of the ion irradiation and to determine parameters of ion beams, which stimulate relaxation processes ensuring fhe best surface characteristics. In this work the calculations of relaxation processes of Si surface layers at elevated temperatures after ion beam bombardment were performed MD method was applied in its standard form [I] i.e. the equations of motion were solved by using the central difference scheme. The time-step was 10"H s. Simulations were performed with Stillinger-Weber potential The scenario of pulse ion irradiation was as follows. Alter equilibration of the system, one atom is given a velocity corresponding to a chosen energy and beam angle. The program is waiting when the system teaches equilibrium with the surrounding thermal bath. Then the next pulse comes. In the case of continuous ion irradiation the next ion pulse comes after the previous one before the relaxation was completed. A new Molecular. Dynamics approach was applied for investigation of complete Si surface relaxation. A re-building and a re-hybridization of chemical bonds were taken into account. The computer simulation of Si suiface relaxation have shown that a quasi-disordered phase (QDP) arises during relaxation of free silicon suiface The model has emphasized that the microstructure constituents in the relaxed surface Si layers are nodes with one or more dangling bonds. The Radial Distribution Functions and Angle Distribution Functions (the angles between chemical bonds are implied) are similar to those for a-Si.). As a result of relaxation non-hexagonal polygons were formed. In near surface layers new space configurations of dimers were observed. Radiation effects in surface silicon layers caused by low-energy ion bombardment were investigated. Results were obtained for the transferred energies near the threshold Eu (10, 20, 30, 40 and 50eV) The irradiation flux was taken so tha* one pulse corresponded to 2-1012 partides/cm2-s. It was established that the ion irradiation of silicon surface in vicinity of Ed leads to the best structural characteristics of near surface layers. The simulation results have shown the way to influence on the atomic configurations of each layer separately by using low energy ion beams in radiation treatment of Si surface. 1. P.W. Jacobs, A.£. Kiv, R.M. Balabay et al., Computer Modellinn&New Technologies, (1998) 3(1), pp. 15-21. 131 Section H. Radiation Pins.-cs of Condensed Manor UZ0201751 • " 't FORMATION OF Si PRECIPITATES IN A! UNDER NEl IRON IRRADIATION 'Kiv A.E., 'Britavskaya E.P.. 2K!nikimov Z.M.. Himarova F.I. 'Iten-Ciiirion Iinn'ersity oj the Ncgev, Bcei-Sheva. Israel 'Institute ofNut/ear Physics of I 'zhekisian Academy iff Sciences. Tashkent, Uzbekistan One of essential results of reactor irradiation of pure A! and aluminum alloys to high neutron doses is Si precipitates formation. Silicon is produced by means of reactions 27AI(n, a.) -> :*A! --> ^Si ' a The cross section for Si formation is so large, that the amount of transmutation silicon far exceeds its solubility in aluminum. Thus, it is clear that Si must precipitate and may be observed as visible particles. In vicinity of grain boundaries and other imperfections of A! crystal Si dissolves, better and these regions become supersaturated with Si. which precipitates as large Hakes. In the processes of formation of Si precipitates there are, however, features, which need a special discussion and explanation. First. Si starts precipitating only after a certain incubation period corresponding to a thermal neutron fluence - 210"' neutron/cm2 [I] It is easily to see that not all Si atoms participate in formation of precipitates. If one takes into consideration the average precipitate size and the lowest density of precipitates detected by electron microscopy, it is possible to estimate the threshold dose of thermal neutrons when precipitates may be discovered Such estimation gives rise to the threshold neutron dose ~ 10IK n/cuf Another problem is to explain a small value of dispersion'of precipitates. The most of precipitates is characterized by sizes in the narrow interval, for example, 40-50 nm [i'j. In the ease of diffusion-controlled formation of .colloidal panicles the typical Gaussian distribution occurs. At last, the formation of diamond-like Si cluster in aluminum matrix is also a problem, which is necessary to clarify Silicon cluster has hard covalent bonds with tetrahedral space orientation Formation oi' such a diamond like structure inside Al lattice requires an additional energy source. Appearing Si atoms in Al lattice instead of Al atoms results in arising of mechanical stresses [2]. This factor is the keystone of the model, which allows one to explain the pecuiiai sties of Si precipitate formation in aluminum irradiated bv thermal neutrons. It is shown in [2]. that Si.i cluster may arise at the first stage of Si precipitate formation This cluster is considered as a dilatation center (DC). Let us surround this DC with a sphere of radius ro and volume Vo for which ^/£,0(7')- 10" Here £,, is the initial concentration of point defects (PD)'and c is the average concentration of PD inside Vo. An equilibrium concentration of PD in this volume is maintained during some time. The final PD distribution is determined by the ratio of diffusion coefficients for interstitiais and vacancies (Di/Dv) Since (Di/Dv) = 10"-10s interstitial Al atoms go away from the volume Vo, and the concentration of vacancies in this volume becomes larger than that in the whole crystal, if the probability of repeated hitting the volume Vo by thermal neutrons is far larger than that for fast neutrons, then a silicon cluster may form in the Vo volume. The initial Si cluster in the given V'o volume is in fact the nucleus for Si precipitate formation. Because of large local concentration of vacancies, Si precipitate is easily formed when new Si atoms get in the Vo volume. The density of A! atoms in Vo lowers, and the formation of Si cluster occurs by means of occupation of free space in Vo. So far as A! atoms go away from volumes Vo, the probability for thermal neutrons to hit A! atoms and create precipitates decreases. Thus there are two competing processes determining the rate of Si clusters growth. One of them is an accumulation of V'o volumes. Another one is the diffusion-controlled escape of Al atoms from Vo volumes. 132 Section Jj RiidiaiionJ^lvvsics ffCond^nsc*^Matter , The total number of Al atoms in V(l volumes at the moment is > it] • M,,A'0/',V- (I) where / is the intensity of thermal neutron How, cr, is the cross section of Al —> Si reaction, ;/,, is the initial amount of Al atoms in one Y<> volume. A',, is the atom density of Al crystal The probability of Si precipitates formation is proportional to the total number (//) of Al atoms in Vo volumes at the moment / // //( - tiy . (2) //, is given by (1), " is the total number of Al atoms which escape from Vo volumes by diffusion by the moment / Using the solution of corresponding diffusion equation we obtain where 2 a0 = lan .Vo; fl0 = 2/.>//,', / /•„; v = n J) I r(?, (4) /?,', is an initial concentration of interstitial Al atoms in V() volumes and I) is the diffusion coefficient. Finally we obtained 2 ( 1 ^i „ «o/'of/;. 11 , I n -- (5) _ e>.p(_y/)+__.. r ) 7 The density of atoms in aluminum is larger than in silicon. In order to form one Si- tetrahedron, it is necessary 5-6 vacancies in aluminum lattice. So the optimal condition for Si precipitates formation corresponds to the case whpn approximately 0.25 Al atoms go away from Vo volume and 0 75 of them transmute into Si that assumes the ratio n2 In =0.25. (6) Using expressions (3), (5) and (6), we have explained the main experimental data for Si precipitates formation in Al: 1) The possibility of Si precipitates formation with diamond-like structure 2) The dose and dose rate dependences of precipitate formation. 3) An existence of the threshold dose for precipitate formation. References 1. Munitz,. Journ. Nucl. Materials, (1989) 165, pp. 305-312. 2. Kiv, T. Maximova, V. Soloviev, Comp. Modelling&New Technologies, (2000) 4(2), pp. 44-66. 133 UZ0201752 Sccuon il. Radiation Pin-s»c_s_o* Condensed Ntvttei PHASE-STRUCTURAL CHANGES DURING PLASTIC > DEFORMATION OF IRRADIATED AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEELS Maksim kin O.P. Institute of Nuclear i'hysics NNi' 1 This paper presents the obtained results and literature daia describing the sequence of phase-structural transformations in austenhic stainless steels, non-irradiated as well as irradiated by neutrons and charged paitides, during the process of plastic deformation and subsequent changes in strength and ductiiity. The main attention was paid to austenitic chromium-nickel steels more often applied as construction materials for nuclear-power facilities. The changes at micro-, rneso- and macro-levels were considered which take place in steel structure during the processes of static tensile strain at room temperature . Stages of plastic How in metallic materials having point and linear defects of crystal staicture were studied for the first time within the frames of new energely approach based on the detailed analysis of deformation process, using the energy parameter, as a coefficient of energy accumulation AP. The calculation of calorimetric data obtained at the tensile deformation of non-irradiated and neutron-irradiated steel 12Crl 8Ni lOTi samples allowed to determine the limiting values of deformation-strength for preference of five different dislocation structures, the value of AP, was found for each of them It was shown that neutron irradiation up to the fluence of 2x1020 n/ctvf decreases the boundary value of stresses and strains for selected regious. It was shown that the fine structure of stainless steels characterized by different eneigies of stacking faults (SFE) evolves according to the following sequence: chaotic distribution of dislocations is substituted by formation of their aggregates, which in turn transform into the net-type substructure. In this case in steels with low SEF the intersection of split dislocations in eel! sites increases the probability of martensitic oc'-phase formation. In common case, the direction and intensity of phase-structural processes in deformed crystals are defined by change in the latent energy density distribution and depends on the capability of the material to dissipate and/or to accumulate the absorbed energy. UZ0201753 CORRELATION BETWEEN RADIATION AND TEMPERATURE CHANGES OF y->a' TRASFORMATION CRITICAL PARAMETERS FOR 12Crl8NilOTi STEEL Maksimkin P.P., Tivanova O.V. Institute, of Nuclear Physics NNC RK, A'.maty The martensitic y—»a' (y—»E-»a') transformation in metastable stainless steel proceeding under deformation play an important role in formation of physical-mechanical properties. The study of peculiarities of phase-structural changes in austenitK stainless steel is a actual problem of radiation materials. We investigated the influence of neutron irradiation and temperature on the stress and strain critical parameters of a'- phase formation in 12Crl8NilOTi steel. The austenized (1423 K, 1 h) samples have been deformed at lnstron-1195 test machine in the range of 250+330 K. 134 Section II. RadialJon Physics of Condensed Matter In the process of tension with 1CT4 s1 velocity the amount of ferromagnetic a'-phase and its distribution have been registered synchronously by the scanning ferro-probe Ferster 1.053 as stress-strain curves. From the obtained data the values of critical stresses (strains) corresponding to the onset of a'-phase formation have been calculated. Application of specially developed optical extensometer (dila(ometer) allowed us to study change of the geometrical sample size and to determine true values of the critical strain 8cr and critica! stress acr corresponding to the beginning of'a'- phase formation in metastable stainless steel. It has been determined that acr increases proportionally to the test temperature (see the Fig. !). Analysis of martensitic phase distributions in the sample extensograms gave possibility to reveal the regularities of a'-phase accumulation in the matrix lattice at different stages of their phase development. The experimental data are compared with the results of similar investigations performed on steei irradiated by different fluences of neutrons, their definite resemblance being noted (see Fig. 2). 10" 10" flufHce. n.'iir mrc, K - r /7(t, /. Temperature dependence of the true 2. Values of critical strain depending on critical stress for stainless steel damage doze for stainless steel On the basis of the data it is possible to conclude, that both the decrease of temperature and (he increase of damage dose cause the- decrease of critical parameter values of a'-phase formation. This fact is some confirmation of the euilier stated hypothesis about an important role of-latent energy in non-diffusion transitions proceeding in stainless steel with low stacking fault energy. UZ0201754 CALORIMETRY AND FRACTOGRAPHY RESEARCH OF DESTRUCTION OF NIKEL, NIOBIUM AND 12Crl8NilOTi STEEL, IRRADIATED BY HIGH-ENERGY PARTICLES Miiksinikin P.P., Gusev M.N., Ermakov K.L. hisitniw (>f A'uch'ur /'/n'v/r.v ;V/\Y', Aluuiiy, Kuzukhsnm The research of peculiarities of metal construction failure, irradiated by high-energy particles, is the important problem not only from scientific, but also from the practical point 135 Section II, Radiation Physics of Condensed Matter of view. The fractography of a surface of fracture can give the important information about processes, accompanying emergence and growth of cracks. The research of such physical phenomena as the acoustic issue, electromagnetic radiation and thermal effects directly during destruction is not less important. In the present work peculiarities of destruction of niobium, nickel, copper and steel 12X18H10T, irradiated by neutrons (fluens up to 1024n/m2), ot-particles (50 MeV, up to 10'3 nucl. % of heiium) and ions of titan (50 keV, up to 10!/ part./cm2 ) were investigated with application of methods of micro calorimetry and fractography. dQ 213K ! .N dQ 473K P.N dt 2 Til W w —'"V o.ooc 600 0 003 2 i 0 004 / 4C0 Of 02 i /'' \'\ i' /\ ; / y • 2' •j / / / / / / 0 002 / 206 0.001 j1 / /' / /;/ n La IOW l»0O t.s t.s 6 8 Al.mm 3 * til, mm J'ig.J. Typical machine diagrams (1,2) and neat released curves (i ", 2") investigated during deformation of steel !2Cr!8NilOTi. 1- unirradiated, 2- irradiated by neutrons up to fluence 51022n/m2. Experiments carried out at 293 and 473K. speed 8.3 10"'c"1. i. Experiments have been carried out on specially developed installation, consisting of precise Calvet calorimeter und „ 1 . -, 1, microdisruption machine. The basic result dt ill of strain-calorimeter experiment was the .... diagram of a stretching and termogramm (see pic. 1). Fractography had been carried ) o.isru out on scanning electron microscope "Amray-1200". » u . The structure of a surface of fracture ^ ' and thermal processes at destruction (see pic 2) was investigated for the specified materials. Influence of temperature of experiment, type and fluence of particles on character of fracture was considered. For steel I2XI8HIGT it is shown, U'O't t.s that in result of irradiation by neutrons ami l'ig.2. Repaired tennogramm (a) and its by a- panicles the kind of fracture fragment with heat ejection peak according changes from viscous to mixed, thus the to destruction of sample(b) size of'specific thermal effect changes insiunificantly (see table). 135 Section II. Radiation Physics of Condensed Matter Table Mechanical properties and heat effects of fracture of steel 12CrJ8NilOTi Temperature O02, Ep, %rciiick\ of experiment, state MPa MPa % % J/nW gram size unirr. 180 640 63 70 . 0,50 293 K, 0.04mm irr. 440 700 49 60 0,48 I unirr. 140 440 34 19 0,55 423K, 0.04 mm ...... irr. 330 540 36 4.» 0,50 ..._ _ Influence of litan ions implantation (steel !2Crl8Nil0Ti) and creation of fine-grained structure (niobium, d=0.0025mm) on character and peculiarities of fracture, and also quantity of heat effect caused by destruction was investigated. Interrelation of characteristics "of the fracture and heat effects at destruction is discussed. UZ0201755 ION-PLASMA PROCESSES OF THE MONO- AND MULTILAYER FILM SYSTEMS FORMATION Tiileushev A.ZIi., Volodin V.N., Lisycin V.N1., Tuleushcv Vu.Zh., Kim S.N. Institute of Nuclear I'hysics, A'.V(' A'A', Alniaty, Kazakhstan The study of ion-plasma processes conducted in the Institute of Nuclear physics N\C RK in the !asi decade has enabled to develop a range of the mono- and multilayer film systems foimation technologies which differ from the known before. The designed magnetron sputtering systems with high permissible power uensiu at the target (up to 150 Wcivf2) and high deposition rate on an immobile substrate (up to 5 nmmin'1 for copper) were taken as a basis tor the ion-plasma process realization in the real-time mode. This high magnetron output has been known for'sputtering horn .liquid phase only. The achieved technical characteristics of the planar magnetrons combined with the well-known advantages of these sputtering systems make them useful for commercial scales of production. The production of coatings on the basis of precious metals with a larger wear resistance brought to the commercial production and the production of costings on the basis cf titan nitride used for tool hardening, stomatological applications, and scientific investigations were the !'n si in the whole set of the developed coating technologies. The results of the investigations and the successful solving of technical and technological problems made it possible to widened the scientific interests in development of tape superconductor and composite dim which are impossible for conventional methods. The development of superconductors on the basis of niobium nitride was the next step in the research of metal nitride synthesizes and coatings on their basis in iow-pressure plasma Their chaiacteristic feature is ibe cteation of superconductors on a metal band substrate. As the result o\~ the works on ihe composition materials synthesis the possibility to produce a wide range of new materials on metal base with quite different physical properties was revealed and realized The investigation results in creation of lead coatings alloyed 137 Section II. Radiation Phvsics of Condensed Matter orderly with aluminum, beryllium (their production in the presence of the Earth gravitation field is quite problematic), coatings on the basis of NbjAl, etc. During the creation and study of the properties of the lead-based film coatings, a considerable increase in the critical current value was revealed for the films formed by ion- plasma method that led to of creation the band superconductors on their basis and the production technology development. Cryogen tests of the superconducting solenoids showed that the critical current density varies within (2,2-6,4) 105 A cm"2 and has a tendency to increase as the film thickness decreases The problems with the mono- and multilayer coating formation were faced during the technology development, they were stipulated by of minimization the coating adhesion in a substrate. Solving such technological problems led to the creation of beryllium and beryllium- containing foil formation technology for high strengthening characteristics the product of and the possibility to vary beryllium and other components content from 100 down to 0%. Thus, the use of ion-plasma material sputtering made it possible to create the following: • The production technology and equipment for the band technical and decorative film coatings on the basis of precious metals and alloys; • Technology and equipment for the metals nitrides technical and decorative coatings; • The technology for production of band' superconductors on the basis of niobium nitride on metal substrate as well as the principal constructive design of the technological process stages; • The production technology of superconductors on lead base for high currents and the constructive design of the technological process stages; • The foil production technology from the metals (beryllium, aluminum) highly active with respect to (he components of fhe gaseous phase, and, on their basis, the production technology of the foils with optional compound. • The production technology of composition materials on metal basis. The listed above are the evidences of the magnetron processes successful (in comparison with others) application in the mono- and multilayer film coatings formation technologies. UZ0201756 El 1 t( J OFy-RADIATION ON THE SURFACE GENERATION VELOCITY AT THE Si-SiO2 INTERFACE Parr hiuskiv P.B., Vlasov S.I., Nasirov A.A.. Lcc«y L.G., Schukina O.V'u. National Ihiiwrsity ot I !zK-kisian, iashkent. Uzhekistu)) The surface generation velocity is an important parameter in characterization, design and operation of semiconductor devices it is well known, that irradiation leads to increasing of the surface charge end interface states densitv at •'.he Si-SiOj interface However, an influence of irradiation on surface generation parameters has not been investigated yet We have studied ihe ell eel oi '/-irradiation on the surface ueneration velocity and the generation lifetime in the space-charge region at the Si-Si(); interface by the pulsed VIOS (Metal - Oxide - Semiconductor) - capacitor method 138 Section II. Radiation Phvsics of Condensed Mailer The investigated structures were formed by dry oxidation of n - ? UZ0201757 NEGATIVE CRE^P OK HIGH NICKEL AUSTENTIC ALLOY AT REACTOR IRRADIATION C'lnmiiikov K.V., Aitklio/liin E.V., Ermakov E.L. Institute of Nuclear I'hysics, N,s(' !(K. Ahmity, Kazakhstan Besides creep and vacancy swelling which generally cause change of sizes and forms of reactor stee! details, such processes as radiation development, deformation recovery and volu'me changes related to phase transformations and elements segregation also take place The creep rate of high-nickel austentic alloy OJX20H45N I41JPH, under reactor irradiation reduces at temperatures below 873K in comparison with the deformation rate without irradiation. As the high-nickel alloy is one of the aging tests at these conditions due to decay of its niobium supersaturated solution, it was assumed that decrease of reactor creep rale is conditioned by superposition of negative creep elVect, in which the deformation during the test decreases. High-nickel austentic alloy resistance increase under reactor irradiation below 873K. is conditioned by effect of a radiation-stimulated aging Assumption on negLlive creep display in high-nickel austentic alloy is also proved by preliminary curved creep analysis: at the first stage an area is revealed whei^ the deformation of sample under stress does not increase in time and in some cases it decreases wit! time of testing in the interval of 373-973 K Thus, the tests at 873 K under reactor irradiation (average density of neutron fluence ~ 2.I011 cm'2,c"', E> I, Ir> MeV) have shown that near the stress value of 296 and 302 MPa for the first 10 h. samnle deformation is not observed. After 10 li- the cuep has a general form and the deformation increases within 4!0 and 810 h respectively. After stress decreasing down 178 MPa, the place wl.ere the deformation has not changed runs up to 230 h Further testing for 13 10 h. did not reveal any anomalies. lue creep test of high-nickel alloy at 923K and 180 MPa was conducted in the active zone of reactor for 90 h. at zero power of the reactor. At the first 20h the sample deformation was nut observed, then followed by a transitional stage of creep and a stationary one. At the moment of reactor power increase (at the start of irradiation) the sample deformation decreased, hgibly displaying the place of negative creep within ~ 30 h. it is stimulated evidently by neutron irradiation which accelerated the decay process of supersaturated solid solution. The structural changes were taking place also at thermal creep The sample length shortening does not mean that there are no positive creeps. The specific volume decrease of the material as a result of early decay stages in incubation period can exceed the ueformation of a positive creep. 139 Section II. Radiation Physics of Condensed Mailer Thus, at the first stage of deformation during creep, the structural instability of alloy •ells on curves of creep Therefore it is necessary to take into account the metastability of indtjtrial alloys at analysis of dimensional instability of nuclear reactor structural units. It is Mecessary to take into account a negative creep alonu with other factors of dimensional instability of reactor materials. UZ0201758 EFFECT OF y-IRRADIATION ON MOS-STRUCTURE BASED ON LARGE BLOCK p-CdTe FILMS Mirsagatov Sh.A., Janabergcnov J., Aitbacv B.I!., Norku/.iev G. Physical-Technical Institute Uzbekistan Academy of Science, Tashkent, Uzbekistan To investigate the surface slates of p-CdTe films with columnar structure of grain boundaites, the metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) structure was used The MOS structure was obtained by ion magnetron sputtering of pure Indium (In) on p - CdTc base in the oxygen contained atmosphere. According to x-ray analysis the structure is the following CclTe+Te+(TcO2+InO2)+In. The large block p - CdTe films were grown by vapour deposition in the flow of hydrogen on metal substrates (Mo). According to x-ray analysis data the grains have sizes 100-150 |.im along the surface and 30-50 j.im through the thickness of the film d. The high- frequency capacitor method was applied to investigation of the MOS structure The total conductivity ai a low alternative signal was measured with the help of bridges P-571 and L2-7 in the range of frequencies (=100-10 MHz. The y-irradiation (Co00 11, - 1.25 McV) was carried out at temperature 50 °C and 1700 R /sec The obtained y-dose dependence of C (V) had a complex character. For example, the C (V) - characteristics (measured at the frequency f=M00 kHz) shifts toward to a positive voltage and magnitude of AC / AV decreases is comparison to an initial C (V) - curve (measured before irradiation) in the dose range up to doses the main process is the creation ot Trenkel pairs in cation sublattice ol'ciystal, anil at higher fluences UZ0201759 Kl 1 *X I OF FAST NFI IRON IRRADIATION ON I TO / p - CdTe STRU( TURKS Mil Saratov .ShtAT, Makiumidov »i.AM Janabergeiicn J. I'hy\ucil'Tctlinu.il Institute Uzbekistan AciiJemy of Science, Tashkent, Uzbekistan The metal-uxide-semieondueior (MOS) structure on the base of I a rye granular columnar p - ("die films was used for investigation of the influence of fast neutron irradiation on , surface stales including grain boundaries MOS structure (CdTe •• Te-(leO: tln():)' In) based on p- CdTe films was performed by ion magnetron sputtering of pure indium (In) in oxygen contained atmosphere. The high-frequency capacity method was applied at the frequency of test signal in the range of 10 kHz-10 MHz •The irradiation with fast neutrons (with energy H 1-2 McV) was carried out to the dose 4> ~~ 5-10" cm"2 It was experimentally established, that the C(V) curves at frequencies f • 10 kHz and f < 465 kHz are practically identical at all irradiation doses Therefore (he C (V) - characteristics were studied at the frequencies of test signal i\ JO kHz and \\ 465 kHz and appeared to be sharply dilVerent in the shape, magnitude of AC MV and C- capacitatice The experimental curves were shifted from the ideal curve (without NM ) toward a positive voltage, that confirms the existence of acceptor sin face slates with various capture times near a grain boundary. Analysis of the C (V) measured at f 10 kHz shows, thai the accumulation of radiation acceptor defects at grain boundaries proceeds up to the irradiation H 2 1 dose 14! Section II. Radiation Physics of Condensed Matter UZ0201760 RELAXATION FEATURES OF LOW-ENERGY ELECTRONIC EXCITATIONS IN ALKALI HALIDES UNDER THE DIRECTED STRESS Shunkeev K.ShM Tulepbergenov S.K., Bekesbev A.Z., 'Dzhumanov S., Sarniukhanov E.T., Sagimhaeva Sh.Zh. Akiobe Slate University by Zhiihanov, Aktobe. Kazakhstan 1 Institute of Nuclear Physics, Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Tashkent, Uzbekistan The specific features of relaxation of low-energy electronic excitations (EE) in uniaxial stressed alkaii halides (AH) are studied by using the methods of absorption, luminescence, thermal activation spectroscopy as well as by the theoretical methods based on the continuum theory of self-trapping exciton. We have found the following relaxation features of EE: m besides the self-trapped EE ( e, ) in the regular crystal lattice of plastically deformed crystals KBr, Kl, NaBr, Rbl, the ionizing radiation also creates excitons localized near a sii gle anion vacancy (ea or a -centers), divacancies (eJ',) and quartet vacancies (etl). Di- vacancy and quartet vacancies are called as d and q-centers, respectively, in analogy with a -cv-liters. • enhancement of the exeitonic self-trapping probability (enhancement of the exciton - phonon interaction) ir the regular lattice with subsequent radiative annihilation. • the criterion for primary radiation defect production (H-centers) in AH depending on the compression degree. The decrease of the radiation defect formation efficiency in alkali iodides (KI, Rbl) in comparison with alkali bromi es (KBi) and chlorides (KC1) under the uniaxial stress is interpreted by this criterion. The decrease of the non-radiative decay of excitons into point defects, such as F, H..\, FA ;ind \Y - centers, is observed in uniaxial stressed Kl and Rbl.. • At lowering the lattice symmetry by uniaxial stress at 80 K, the channels for H-center stabilization change significantly. As a result, the efficiency of X3' - center creation as association of interstitial halogen atoms decreases, and the efficiency of H-center localization near small radius cation-homologs followed by 11 \~ center formation increases in KBr-Na. The intensities of both TC and a STE luminescence bands have been found to increase more than 10 times in X-ray-irradiated NaCl under the applied uniaxial stress, whereas only the small stress-induced increase of the intrinsic luminescence has been observed in NaBr crystal. It is concluded that the influence of uniaxial stress is less pronounced in alkali halides with the STE having on-center configuration (e.g. in NaBr), whereas the stress-induced effects may be very large in alkali halides in which the relaxation of electronic excitations occurs at the off-center configuration of the STE (NaC! Kl and Rbl). In the latter case such a strong stress-induced effect is caused mainly by the increase of the energy barrier between the minima of two different STE configurations. One of these configurations of STE is the radiative on-center configuration and the other is the off-center configuration from which radiation defect (F - H pair) formation begins. Here we develop the continuum theory of self-trapping EE in elaslically stressed AN within the adiabatic approximation. Jn the continuum model of solids the functional of the total energy of an interacting exciton-phonon system in a deformable lattice depends on the dilation A(r) described by the. deformation potential of acoustic phonon, the electrostatic potential e ° due to the lattice polarization at optical lattice vibrations and the wave function 142 of exciton choosen for hydrrsi itic \1ly and uniaxially stressed .ID crystals in the following forms . , ( ii >J2 ) I i' ft r |" i , n V'I ('')•• I I e\p n\ ••• j I (I) and respectively, where <*„ - is the lattice constant, .. - is the degree of the relative compression, // - is the variational parameter characterising the degree of exciton localization The fiinctionals of the total energy of the interacting exciton-phonon system A'{A(/-),(,")(/•).'!'(/')} are minimized relative to A, «p and y/ for the cases of isotropic and anisotropic 3D crystals. As a result, we obtained the functionals depending only on // and determined their possible extremal points The following features are discussed for radiative annihilation of self-trapped excitons at elastic deformation' i) the decrease of the non-radialive exciton decay efficiency or ii) the reduction of the barrier for exciton self-trapping or iii) the increase of the probability of tunneling luminescence between the radiation defects UZ0201761 OPTIMIZATION OF BETA SPECTROMETER OF FACILITY FOR DEPTH SELECTIVE CONVERSION ELECTRON MOSSBAl KR SPECTROSCOPY BabenJJoy MJ.! Zhdanov V.S., Ky/hykh \.\\\. Institute of Nuclear Physics. NN(' ! Broad use of Mossbauer spectroscopy methods in investigations of microscopic structure of materials needs continuous improving their instrument ware In particular, nowadays the method of depth selective conversion election mossbauer spectroscopy (DSCF.MS) is being developed intensively since it allows lo obtain mossbauer spectra from the surface and nuar-surface layers of samples with high depth resolution A naunal physical limit of resolution capability of this method is an average free path for inelastic scattered electrons varying from ~ 5 E up to ~ 50 H depending on electron energy Quality of experimental information obtained by means of DSCEMS method depends mainly on a. beta spectrometer used in an appropiiate facility Therefore we have made the mode! statistical calculations of energy and angular distributions of the electrons subjected to a few acts of inelastic scattering in a sample. Not deepening to a detailed description of calculations here, we mention the following important results - at taking-olf of mono- energetic electrons from some depth exceeding the free path, the energy distribution width for scattered electrons increases with the take-off angle increase and the energy distribution maximum moves to a low energy region. Comparative analysis of the obtained distributions 143 Section II Riidiatioi Phvsics of Condensed Miiitci has shown that selecting an average take-off angle oi" elections from a sample is vcrv important at putting DSCEMS experiment and reduces the selection of a beta spectrometer type For achievement of higher resolution capability of DSCHMS method it is necessary to use spectrometers operating at average electron take-off angles close to zero Owing to use of the magnetic sector beta spectrometer with double focusing in DSCEMS facility at the Institute of Nuclear Physics of Kazakhstan National Nuciear Center [I], operating at election take-off average angles close to zero and equipped both with multi- strip source (sample) and position sensitive detector, we succeeded in achievinga higher depth resolution in comparison with foreign analogues [2|. However the facility jl] is poorly suitable for carrying out systematic measurements by DSCEMS method, because it is necessary to use an optimized variant of magnetic sector beta spectrometer with double focus, ng. The most difficult block o( beta spectrometer in exploitation is a position sensitive detector based on microchanne! plates chevron with a permanent LCR-collector [3J. In accordance with DSCEMS method requirements, a simultaneous measurement of mossbauer spectra from different parts of electronic lines can be carried out by means of multi-detector, the recording part of which is a discrete collector (multi-anode) instead of permanent LCR- coliector Reading information in this case is carried out by means of discrete delay line that considerably simplifies the electronic equipment of detection system and allows to obtain the requitied simplicity and reliability in its exploitation For experimental possibilities expansion of DSCEMS facility by means of correspe.iding preparation of investigated surface layers, their "transformation" and finally realization of different excitation methods ii is necessary to place a sample in a beta spectrorrefer outside the magnetic yap. Although the variant with a sample on boundary of magnetic gap [I] corresponds to the maximal solid angle |4], however the case close to an equal-arm variant at small loss at solid angles will allow more complete realization of DSCEMS method capabilities. And for carrying out \ rsaiile systematic investigations by this method, it is necessary to pass to a detailed calculated equal-arm variant of the magnetic sector beta spectrometer of facility 1. V.Yu Ryzhykh, M.I. Babenkov, B.V Bobykin, VS. Zhdanov, A K. Zhetbaev // Nucl. Instr. Meth Phys. Res. 1990. v.B47, p.470-473. 2 T Toriyama, K. Asano, K. Saneyoshi, K. Hisatake// Nucl. Instr. Meth. Phys. Res. .1984, v.B4, p.170-185. .3 MI.Babenkov, V.S.Zhdanov, S.A.Starodubov // Nucl. Instr. Meth. Phys. Res. 1986, V.A252, p.83-86. 4. B.V.Bobykin, V.S.Zhdanov // II International Conference "Nuclear and Radiation Physics" 1999, Almaty, p. 101-102. UZ0201762 DEPENDENCE OF THE MICRO PARAMETERS OF SILICA GLASS ON FAST NEUTRON FLUENCES Abdukadyrova I. Kh. InsHtuie of Nuclear Physics Uzbekistan Academy of Science, Tashkent, Uzbekistan Neutron -irradiated silica glass (SG) was studied by optical and dielectrical speciroscopie methods We investigated platelike samples (I Ox I Ox I mm) with the siime pre- 144 Sod ion II. Radiation i'lnsics of Condensed Matter history and the purity 10 ' Wl % uncontrollable impurities The SG plates where inadiajqd with different fast neutron (luences in nuclear reactor 't is established that at llue.ices from I I01' to 4I019 cm'2 rapid changes of the dielectric permittivity, refractive index and the density takes place in SG At highci flucnces the dose dependencies of intensity saturate. Apparently, stress concentrates near defects and damages until the additional energy of the glass network reaches a critical value Then perhaps a rapid transition of SG into a metamict state (MS) occurs. The value of a microparameter - the electronic polarizability calculated by the Lorentz-I orenz lormula for iiuences up to 1021 cm "2 showed that at the initial stage of irradiation to IfVcm'2 this parameter changes a little. A noticeable reduction of its value occurs at fluenccs -I01'1 cm'2 when the rapid transition of SG-MS type lakes place The mieroparameler decreases at irradiation till 9-l(Vcni"2 and then remains constant at the level of the value foi crystalline silica irradiated with the same fluence Such a coincidence of this parameter (o> two amorphous states obtained after irradiation of silica crystals and glass with the same dose suggests that the transition completes at a flucncc of aboot l) I (Vein '\ when both modifications transform into MS It is particularly interesting to study the effect of high doses at a fluence HO20 cm"2 when the following modification ol MS proceeds It was found that the dose dependences of the electronic polarizabiiity exhibit breaks and then saturate (the same for macroparamctcrs ) Ibis suggests that some parameters of the radiation modified MS arc stable at high irradiation fluenccs The results of calculation of the second microparameter - the total polarizability of the neutron irradiaU-d SG show a nonmotonic dose behavior of the function with an upturn near 4I01 cm Ibis is caused by the SG-MS transition. One should mention, that the critical point in the dose dependences of this mierop;wamclcrs coincides with that obtained by X-ray- diffraction methods, when a leap-lik'. clnnge of structural parameters of the first halo on the dose dependences was found It is caused probably by the transition into metamikl state Analysis of the dose dependence of the two type of polarizability reveals no correlation between them. This conclusion is consistent with the opinion about difference of the radiation stability of atomic and electronic subsystems of silica UZ0201763 ILKCTRK CONDI'CTIYITY Ol IRRADIATED SYNTIILTK ' Ql ART/. CRYSTALS \bdnkndvi ova I, kli., S;UKI;II<>\ V.N. Institute ofStulciir rhysics I 'zhckisian Academy o)'Science, Tashkent, Uzbekistan l-lectric conductivity of Si(): crystals must depend stiongly on structure defect ness and efleet on piezoelectric characteristics. This paper discusses effect of different r'Vo- gamma- doses on electric conductivity o of high-pure single crystals of synthetic quart/ cut parallel (I) and normal (2; to the main optic axis Measim'tncnt of o of I-type samples at direct current within the temperature interval of .^00 K - 070 K before irradiation showed that there are two regions of linear dependence bent at T 430 K.. 1 he shapes ol the a(T) dependencies for samples I and 2 type are alike Gamma-irradiation to 10' R leads to r, increase till 430 K. and above this temperature there aie no noticeable changes after the irradiation Activation energies ll\ and Hi for the low- and high-temperature regions were calculated for sample I and shown in Table 1 145 Section II Riiiiiniion Phvsics of Condensed Mailer 'fabk'J Sample D, rad T. K 0 430 0,36 430 I 6,85 ! 10° 430 0,26 430 i 0,83 1 r-xperiiuema! dependence of o('\\ D,) for single crystals of quartz at T>430 K does not depend on gamma-irradiation The dependence of o on irradiation dose increases non-linearly up to the maximum at IO(' rad Arler higher doses the value of a decreases, still remaining higher than the initial one (see Table 2} Therinoluininescence curve of quartz irradiated with gamma- and X-rays contains the peak at 330 K ascribed to electrons locali/cd at traps related to microdefects of the lattice. It is obvious, thai the observed growth of o and the iiKiximuin on o('Dy) dependence results thermal release of electrons from these traps UZ0201764 INFLUENCE OF GAMMA IRRADIATION ON BKIIAVIOK OF CAS IMPi'RITIICSIN BaCcNdOPKROVSKITK Aksenova T.I., llerdsiuloiov A.K., Bukrnov K.D., Mcdvedcva ZA'., Kliroiuusliin l.V. '• Institute of MucUutr rii\.\i(.s. SS'C KK, Alnutty. Kazakhstan In this work the results o( studies o( thermodcsoiption processes ol' ll;() and 0; molecules from BaCeNdO are described and discussed These compounds (ABO-,), for example, barium and stroncium cerates are inieresting both fruui technical and scientific points oi views because of dramatic properties changes taking place at their preliminary treatments. l;or example, it was found thai partial substitution of leinn.slent li ions by Divalent ones together with oxygen vacancy toimalion lake place at doping of AHO»- compounds b\ trivalent cations BaV,CeY,Nd( .Oi-.A'd,, compound formaiion takes place at doping UaCeOi by ^.'d ((/ is concentration of >\ygen vacancies and x is concentration of trivalent dopants, a • \'2) It is inleiesting that active hydrogen is absorbed by these oxides in water vapour. It is suggested that vacancies are filled up with hydroxide ions and hydrogen diffusion can take place at appropriate lempeiatuies. This phenomenon is known as a proton conductivity The following types of treatments of UaCcv>Nii(..|O.l samples were done in these experiments: i) annealing in ail atmosphere at 6>0-7>0"C for 7 hours, iit annealing in mixture of water \ap 46 Section II. Radiation Ph\sics of Condensed rvl.utcr automated Personal compiiici w.vs used lor controlling samples heating, gas masses, tempvratine and also measuring thermodesorption spectra Linear heating (42 "(' niin) in 20- 1200'C-temptratiire range was used in these stm'ies. Thermodesorpiion studies of initial samples (before the tieatments) did not show release of oxygen or water molecules from the oxides It was found that significant release of oxygen and water molecules from hydrited samples took place at !,„.,,, 860"C and 720"C correspondingly Thermodesorption spectra o\' anneiled samples were similar to those of hydrated ones. Hut the maximum of desorption rate shifted to the lower temperature side (T,,Mx -700-820 and T,,,.,,, - 660 correspondingly) As an example, spectra of oxygen, water and hydrogen molecule release from hydrated simples are shown in tig I oxygen watwt hydrexjon /•/#. /. Spectra of oxygen, water and hydrogen molecules release from hydrated samples Thermodesorption spectra from gamma-irradiated samples are similar to spectra from treated ones, but the amount ofdesorbed gases was significantly k-ss. The authors are grateful for financial support by the IMAS project (X" W-00636) UZ0201765 EFFECT OFy- AND /I-Y-RADIATION ON OPTICAL, ELECTROPHYSICAL AND DIELECI Kit PROPERTIES OF CERIUM CONTAINING GLASSES Atimov R., Gasanov E.M., Giilsunova R.R. Institute of Nuclear Physics Uzbekistan Academy of Science, Tashkent, Uzbekistan Gamma-luminescence (GL), photoluminescence (PL), thermal-luminescence (TL), specific volumar electric conductivity (av) and dielectric characteristics of alumiria-silica- alkaliless glasses doped with cerium prior and after y- and n-y-irradiation. It was found, that n- I47 Section II Radiation Plnsics ot° Condensed Mailer y-radiation does not elfeet sufficien'K on mechanisms of GL, PI.. II- and n, Spectra of GL, PL, TL and the conductivity actuation energy K,, i'oi the samples irradiated with neutron fluences <1>- IOl7cni': coincide with those of-y-irradia'ed |1| •' ^as suggested, that charges are transferred by electron jumping on the scheme i\' < > Co'1' ;i T- 200 K and bv alkali- earth cations at T *250 C However, generation of structure defect like displaced atoms, vacancies and their complexes under n-7-irrauiation leads to change of the charge state in the nearest environment of the centers, formation of new centers of recombination and capture of the charge carriers Scattering of these charges at the structure defects lowers the level of GL, PL and TL and correlates with decreasing of cv Besides, it leads to shift the luminescence maxima and splitting of GL band at A---4I0 nm i;;to two with maxima at 470 and 520 nm at IH : fluences UZ0201766 GAMMA-INDUCED DEFECT PRODUCTION IN ZK)r\ 2Oj WITH DIFFERENT DEFECTIVENESS 'Ashurov M.Kh., 'Ainouov M./., 'Rakov A.F. 'Scientific Industrial Association "Plmnon ", Tashkent. Uzbekistan Institute of Nuclear Physics Uzbekistan Academy /{/Science, Tashkent, Uzbekistan The defectiveness degree of ZrO_>-Y?Oi crystals defends on .stabilizer concentration 'fhe work is aimed at study gamma-induced defect pioductiou in crystals with different concentration of stabilizer and defects generated by neutron irradiation. Absorption spectra were measured with Specord M-40 It was found, that after gamma-irradiation of as-grown crystals up to some dose the intensity of absorption band at 420 nm reaches the maximum levei of saturation. The dose of saturation depends of the concentration of stabilizer. It means that gamma-radiation does not produce any additional defects of structure. The oxygen vacancies existing in as-grown crystals are filled by the radiation induced electrons. Since the number of oxygen vacancies depends on the stabilizer concentration, then all these vacancies can be occupied by electrons at different gamma-doses In crystals pie-irradiated with different neutron lluences followed by gamma-irradiation, the intensity of absorption bands at 420 and 3 JO nm increases in two stages. The gamma-dose of the second .stage beginning decreases as the neutron iluence grows The first stage of the 148 Section II Radiation Physics of Condensed Mailer absorption increase is due u» developing of vacancies existing in as-grown crystals The second stage is caused by generation of additional vacancies as the result of non-radiative exciton decay near the existing structure damage v The decrease of the gamma-dose, when the second stage of vacancy accumulation begins, results from the neutron induced structure damage degree. IIIIII 1111 IH mi UZ0201767 ANALYSIS OF THE SECOND ORDER SPECTRA OF OXIDE CRYSTALS EXPOSED TO GAMMA-IRRADIATION Atabacv Sh., Muslimov B.A., Shamtiratov Sh. Higher I ire-Technical School, Tashkent, Uzbekistan It is important to investigate effect of ionising gamma-rays on structure of ZrO? - YJO.I crystals The crystals have a cubic structure with a symmetric group (V (fluorite modification) (lj The theoretical group analysis gives us the following active vibrational modes in Raman scattering (RS) [2] a) lluorite F?g - I vibrational mode b) tetragonal Aig -»• 2Big + 3 Eg - 6 vibrational modes The RS spectra of cubic crystals ZrO? - \'zQi have a strong line approximately af 620 cm" and four second order lines in the range of 100 cm'1 - 500 cm'1 The second order lines have a weak amplitude and a broad linewidth. However, the behavior of these lines under some'eonditions gives us some information of the crystal structure. The non-irradiated crystals have four second order spectral lines. The spectra of the crystals exposed to small doses of y - rays do not change qualitatively, however the lines broaden slightly Irradiation to high doses of leads to redistribution of the intensities of the second order lines. Such changes in the spectra have enhanced the investigation of oxide crystals by Raman scattering [3J. Theoretical studying the second order spectral lines of oxide crystals exposed to y - rays has demonstrated the possibility of a strong influence of y - rays the crystal. The experimental set-up for studying the light scattered by phonons includes she following parts: 1) cylindrical lens - transforms the parallel beam into a Ian of rays in the vertical plane, 2) thin glass plate - rotation oi the plate can alter displacement of ilie beam, J>) a scattering crystal - is placed at the focus of the lens, 4) slit - for selecting scattered light at some angle, 5) objective - for projecting the scattered light onto the vertical slit of the spectrometer and the ion-argon laser. The discussed problems in these thesis are [4]: I) the influence of y - rays onto the crystal structure; 2) the effect of radiation defects on Rinnan spectra of the crystals; 3) the intensity and linewidth of the second order spectra! lines and their intensity redistribution; 4) possible ways of energy transfer between the second order lines; 5) possible ways to use this method for detecting changes in crystal structure. 1. Yu.K. Voronko, M.A. Zufarov, B.V. Ignatev, V.V. Osiko, E.E. Lomonova, A.A. Soboi -Opt Spectrosc 1981, v.51, p.569. 2 Yu.K Voronko, M.A. Zufarov, V.V. Osiko, A.A. Sobol, F.M. Spiridonov - Preprint 64 F1AN, 1983, .Na 64, p.20. 3 J.F. Scott - Rev. Mod Phys. 1974, v.46, p.83. 4. MX. Ashurov, Sh. Atabaev - Pieprint P-9-580 IYAF, 1992, Xs 580, p. 11. 149 UZ0201768 EFFECT OF Y - RADIATION ON THE CENTRA!. MNE OF OXIDE CRYSTALS HAVING THE SEC OND ORDER PHASE TRANSITIONS Atahaev Sh. Higher I'ire-Technical Si hoot. Tashkent, Uzbekistan Phase transitions in solids were investigated by many authors [ I] For some crystals the intensity of the central line extremely increased near the phase transition point This phenomenon was investigated by Raman scattering oi'light (2) The growth of light scattering in the phase transition region was assigned to thermal fluctuations of an order parameter and tf'ose related to it. Recent investigations show ihe incorrectness of the former conclusions about the possibility of explaining the observed effect by the increase of thermal fluctuations. Though it leads to increasing light scattering, which is much weaker than that observed experimentally [3]. In this connection it is natural to discuss the possibility of other mechanisms of light scattering and, in particular, the scattering from lattice defects In this thesis we would like to report some results of investigation of oxide crystals The crystals used in these experiments were grown by the Czochralski method and were cut with faces perpendicular to the principal axes The oriented zirconium dioxide crystals have a 10 x 10 x ID mm' size The only one Raman active A mode has been observed as a strong line in the spectra. The others are of the second order The argon ion laser with the 5145 A line was used" as a source. Double-grating spectrometer was supplied with a cooled photomultiplier The Stockes component emitted from the sample is directed by a tunable mirror through the slit, which defines a scattering angle inside the crystal Qualitatively, in the small region of pulses, according to the response function for ferroelectric crystals, the excitations are predominantly of electromagnetic character, so that lattice relaxation is insignificant In this region the lines have the undamped dispersion shape. When the pulses increase, the transition to the overdamped lattice vibrations occurs. References 1. V.L. Ginzburg, A P Levanyuk - Sov Phys- JETP 197-4, v.39, p 1 III. 2. Yu.N. Polivanov - Sov Phys - Usp 1978. v.21, p 805 3. S M. Shapiro, HZ. Cummins - Phys Rev Lett I96X, v.2l, p 1578. UZ0201769 RSD IN CRYSTAL Ql'ARTZ Bakhtvbaev K., Togzhigitov k. Almaty State University, A /maty Given RSD diffusion in crystal quartz flamed in vacuum was investigated. Here, the surface and volume mechanisms of diffusion are also appeared as in double acid of silicon [1]. Moreover coefficient of volume diffusion is higher than surface one for one order of coefficient. From our point of view it is connected with transmission of neutron action to another modification, probably to the whole broken-order condition. The significances of the retrieved diffusivities are listed in table. 150 Section II. Radiation Physics of Condensed Matter Table Signifies nci*s of factors of surface I),, and volumetric I),, diffusions A4Cn and 59Fe in annealed crystal at a different flucnce of neutrons • Jfe Additive Coefficient of diffu. ion, Fluence of neutrons, neutron -sm"" sm-s'1 0')- 1014 3.8 • 101" 6.5 • 10!* u u 12 2 "Fe Dn 0 3 • W' 17.5 • 10- 2.4- Hf IX \ 2.7 • 10'" 3 3 • 10 u 3.10. 10"12 3 fllCu D,, 1 2.3 • 1011 l2 Do 4.4- 10 References I. Ermatov S., Skhay V'., lok/hygitov K The inlluence of reactor's ray on diffusional process in double acid silicon - Moscow, lzvestye AN SSSR "Non organic materials". 1.16, No 11,1980, p 1%6-1%8 UZ0201770 INTERACTION OF LASER-PRODUCED PLASMA WITH ALUMINUM SURFACE Bedilov M. R,, Khaydarov R., '.Sharkov B., 'Hoffmann D.tl.H., Kunishev U., Berdiyroy C, Khalnniratov M., Tojihonov E. Scientific-Research Institute of Applied Physics" at the National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow, Russia 2 Gesellschaft flier Schwerionenfprschung (GS1), Darmstadt, Germany At present, with increase of requirements to various energy sources, power plant design for inertial fusion energy (1FE) is a very important problem. Main aspects of IFE problem are connected with physics of thermonuclear fusion reactions in plasma with inertial confinement, hydrodynamics and shock waves, transport process in dense plasma and interaction of laser or charged particles beams with plasma and the internal chamber wall. Destruction of the first wall by charged particles (products of expansion) is one of most significantly problems connected with IFE systems. Nowadays, because of using laser sources in the IFE program, the important issue is to study influences of obstacle bars on charge composition and energy spectra of plasma expansion. The importance of this question is conditioned by the fact that in practically all laser ion sources the expansion of laser plasma is limited by different bars, often by diaphragms [1,2]. In addition, the study of the formation of a bunch of multiply charged ions under conditions of the interaction of plasma with a secondary target opens possibility of controlling plasma parameters and those of laser radiation [3, 4] The interaction of plasma with solid surface causes additional phenomena: X-ray emission, shock waves, secondary particles. 151 Section II Radiation Physics of Condensed Manor This work is devoted to study charge and energy spectra of multiply charged tons formed at the interaction of laser-produced plasma with the surface of secondary Al target. Experiments were carried out with the laser mass-spectrometer having the mass resolution of m/Am-100 and the time-of-flight distance of 100 cm, A neodymium laser with irradiance power density q=5-10l(> VVVcm2 was used. Characteristics of ion plasma bunch were measured in two cases: with and without secondary target on its way. The secondary target was a disk of 8 mm diameter with 0,4 mm slit in the center of it installed parallel to the target surface The comparative data have shown that the interaction of plasma with the surface of Al target installed on the way of plasma expansion, changes vastly the charge and energy spectra of multiply charged ions of plasma. It was found experimentally, that these data depend on the distance between primary and secondary targets The registered maximum charge multi- plicity (Znux) of ions of the Al plasma without secondary target or when il is at the distance of 1 5 mm are 4 and 3 respectively (at q-5-10 " W/urT). The maximum energies (E,,uv;) of this multiply charged ions in this case are - 800 \>V and 900 eV ''" [ ' ~! respectively Decreasing power density of laser radiation from q =510!0 W/cm2 to q=~10s W/cm2 leads to decreasing of Zm,iv and Emax in the both case. Howevei, the change of ions parameters observed at q=5-IO10 W/cm2 is | conserved. These experimental ; data show • that recombination G J losses arc more in the presence of z secondary target than without it. The increasing of the intensity of single charged ions Al' and the decreasing of the intensity of multiply charged ions A!2 Ai ' at the interaction of laser plasma with surface of secondary targei in comparison with the case without it are experimentally found This effect intensifies the recombination processes on multiply charged Al ions and consequently leads to increase of the amount of the single charged ions Al1'. The analysis of the energy spectra of the Ai ions at various distances between the target aild the secondary one confirms the experimentally observed effect, i.e. with increase of distance between the target and the secondary one, energy spectra of multiply charge Ai ions will be changed. This effect is obviously showed on fig-I. where the intensity of high charged ions (Z>i) of laser plasma scattering at interaction with secondary targe! (fig.-lb) is vastly lower than the intensity of this plasma in the case without secondary target (fig. la). Thus, the interaction of Al ions with diaphragm has been investigated experimentally at the free expansion of laser-produced plasma. Energy and charge state distributions are measured. Interaction of ions with different materials of the diaphragm will be investigated in the near future. The work was carried out by the financiai support of IAEA (N B5-UZB-29827-1537). 1. Bykovskiy Yu.A, Nevolin V.N., Lasernaya mass-spektroskopiya, Moscow, Energoatomizdat, 1985. 2 Golubev A.A., Latishev S.V., Rudskoy IV , Sharkov B.Yu. Pismo v JTPh, 12 (1986), p. 513-516. 3. Bedilov MR., Khaydarov R.T., Davletov I.Yu. Plasma Phys. 21 (1995) p. 1007. 4. Bedilov MR, Khaydarov R.T. et. al. Plasma Phys. 26 (2000) p.862 152 Section II. Radiation Physics of Condensed Matter UZ0201771 FORMATION AND EXPANSION OF MULTI-CHARGED Y2O3 AND Ho203 IONS AT POWERFUL IRRADIATION OF MATERIALS Bcdilov M. R.. Khaydarov R., Kunishev I1., Berdiyrov G. Scientific-Research Institute of Applied Physics at the National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan At present the development of nuclei and radiation physics including multiply charged ions and heavy ion inertial syntheses, lasers on rmiiticharged transition, radiation-stable materials, plasma lasers, efficient sources of multiply charged ions etc is impossible without the close study of radiation effects on matei lals. In this work the formation and expansion oi'multiply charged Y2O3, HO2O.1 ions at the interaction of laser radiation with targets of different density was investigated Mass, charge and energy characteristics of Y2O.1, IlojOi ions formed under the hser action were studied experimentally by mass-spectrometric method (!]. Targets were made from Y;O}, HojOi with different densities pi •-1,4 g/crn\ p; •- 2,8 g/cm\ pi :--3,2 g/cm(, p< ~ 3,5 g'cnv , pi- 3,7 g/cm . It was found that both the mass-charge spectra of Y2O1, HoiO.i ions and the ionization degree of atoms 1 io (Y) and O depend not only on the laser power density, but also on the target density, element composition and porosity of target As it can be seen from fig i (a) at pi and b) at p^, the dependence of Zltwx of ions on q of laser has a nonlinear character and has a tendency to grow with the increasing of q of laser for all cases of target density p - pi -=• p;. !t becomes especially nonlinear beginning from q >1()u> Wt/cm2 lonization processes in the plasma vastly depend on target density and porosity ot media. In the interval of target densities pt < pi, where pores are larger and considerable pan of laser radiation penetrate into target through pores, "internal evaporations" and "three- dimensional absorption" of laser radiation can be formed Herewith, as we think, selective decrease of recombination losses at multiply charged () ions occur in contrast with Ho (Y) ions. So in this interval of target density p < pi, the maximum charge of 0 ions is more than that of Ho (Y) ions and three-dimensional plasma is produced, basically, inside the porous media. However, in the case of target density p > p.i, where the pore size in targets vastly decreases, the dependence of Zimlx for Ho (Y) and O ions as a function of p changes. 4 o >' „!»> a) I') I09 IO10 10" \(f 10' 10" q(W/cnr) Fig.l. Herewith then p > p3, laser radiation interacts basically with the surface of porous media, since part of radiation does not penetrate into the target through pores. So processes of interaction of laser radiation with porous media at p > p3 remain on the surface. In this case ionization processes of Ho (Y) atoms and ions are dominating and recombination 153 Section 11. Radiation Ph>sics of Condensed Matter losses of multiph. charged Ho (Y) ions decrease selectively as compared with O ions. So at surface ionization of Ho (Y) and O atoms and ions of porous media by laser radiation the maximum charge of Ho (Y) ions is higher than that of O ions and they form plasma on ther r surface. Since the characteristics of the ions do not changed at p p.t, ps . it means that target densities beginning from p( become close to those of solids. Having studied experimentally the expansion of Y2O.i, Ho^Oj ions and formation of temporary spectra of Ho. (Y) and O. it was found that at first, highly and low charged ions reach to the detector, and then with lime the rest low charged ions. The increase of target density influences upon the formation and expansion of both Ho, Y and O ions, herewith negatively on the charge of O ions, and positively on that of Ho, (Y) ions. Physical particularities of interaction of radiation with porous media, which lead to the formation of multiply charged ions of two-element plasma are discussed. 1. Bedilov M R., Khaydarov R.T. Kunishcv U.S. Plasma Phys. 26 (2000) p.862. UZ0201772 MULTIPLY CHARGED IONS FORMED AT INTERACTION OF SINGLE CHANNEL LASER RADIATION WITH SOLID Bedilov M.K., Tojikhonov E.N., Sabitov M.S., Davletov I.Ju. Scientific-Research Institute of Applied Physics at the National Ihuversity of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, I zbekiskm The process of formation of multiply charged ions by single channel laser probing is known to depend on power density, wavelength, incident angle of laser beam, element composition and density ol'targets [1,2] This work summarizes the results on formation of multiply charged ions depended on the condition of single channel laser radiation focusing on solid. The experiment was done with the laser mass-spectrometer, consisting of time-of-flight separator combined with an electrostatic anaiyzcr wish the total length ^ 150 cm and the energy resolution of-100. The solid laser has parameters: wavelength X -:: 1.06 j.un, energy of radiation 2 J, duration of pulse -50 ns, angle of incident light -85° to the target smface normal, radiation power density q - (0,1 •*- !00)G\V/ctrf. This setup allowed to change the location of focal spot of laser radiation within 1 ~ 0 -•:• 2mm by moving focusing lens. Tangsten targets with the diameter 20 mm and thickness 4 mm v.ere used as a source of multiply charged W ions. The main features (mass- charge, energy) of multiply charged W ions were studied depending on conditions of focusing laser radiation, it was found that the spectra of multiply charged W ions, formed by laser radiation at incident angles -85° depend strongly on the condition of focusing of laser radiation. It was found that at a power density of laser radiation q < 5OGW/cm2 focused on the surface of W plate the peaks of W ions were absent on mass- change spectra. It was shown that by fluent moving the focal spot location within i -~ 0-2 mm at laser q -- 50 GVVVcm2, the peaks of W ions with charges Z beginning from 1 to 3 appeared in the mass-charge spectra. Distinctive dependencies of charge of W(Z) ions (fig. 3) and energy spectrum of ions W(dN/dE) (fig.2) on the focusing condition within 1 = 0-2 mm at q = 5OGW/cm2 are shown in the corresponding figures. It is weir seen, that these dependencies 154 Scclion H. Radiation Physics of Condensed Mailer _ have a nonlinear nature. It is distinctive that the maximum value of charge and intensity of ions was observed not under sharp focusing of laser radiation on the surface of targets, but when the focal spot is located at the distance of 1 mm from the target surface. dN/dE (rel. un) Z 3 10' \ 10' H • • 10' i I—^—.,- 0.0 0.2 0,4 0.6 0,a 1,0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 0,0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1.0 1,2 1.4 L(- )mm L(-)mm Jig.!. Fig. 2. •. The energy spectra of W ions were studied in dependence on the focusing condition Optimal conditions for focusing laser radiation, as well as physical processes of formation of the multiply charged ions under different focusing conditions have been discussed. 1. Beailov MR., Khaitbaev A, PTE, JVb 6, p. 160, 1996 (Moscow). 2. Bedilov MR., Beysimbaeva Kh.B. Quantum Electronics, 30, JV«6, p. 529, 2000 (Moscow). UZ0201773 LOCAL ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF CONDENSED MATERIALS BY USING LAZER MASS-SPECTROMETER Bedilov R.M., Beysembaeva H.B., Sabitov M.S., Davlctov I.Yu. Institute of Nuclear Physics, Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Tashkent, Uzbekistan Recently, besides other methods such as optical, emission, radio-activation, and x-ray fluorescent analysis of matter, mass-spectrometric analysis has been developed by using laser source of ions. This method has a number of advantages: comparatively simple construction of laser mass-spectrometer, purity and quickness of analysis, possibility of volume layered study and local analysis of surfaces of solids. Purity of the method is gained by locality of the area irradiated by* laser in vacuum In order to improve the reliability and sensitivity of the layer-to layer elemental analysis of materials and determination of the composition of films absorbed on the target surface, it is necessary to increase the ion-optical emission capacity of ion source of the mass spectrometer. This requires changes either in the irradiation parameters or the experimental geometry. Investigation of the characteristics of charged-particle emission 155 Section II. Radiation Phvsics of Condensed Mailer from plasma were restricted so far mainly to the two cases: sharp focusing of laser radiation on the target surface and a relatively small angle of incidence of laser radiation (30° -•«< 45'). This work is concerned with experimental investigation of the emission behaviour and the characteristics of ions in plasma produced at oblique incidence of laser radiation (nearly grazing incidence to the target surface). The studies were carried out using the setup with a laser ion source, consisting of a time-of -flight mass spectrometer combined with an electrostatic analyser. The ion drift path was - 150 cm, and the mass resolving pewer was ~ )00 The plasma was produced by a Q- switched Nd laser The pulse length (x - 80 ns) and the pulse energy (E = 2 J) were constant throughout the experiment. Targets were made from tungsten with the diameter of 20 mm and the width of 3 mm A pressure p i 10' Pa was maintained in the system, and there was a possibility to change an irradiated place on sample surface. Experimental spectra of mass-charge and energy of ions of the plasma formed from the local area of targets depended on the angle of laser beam incidence in the broad interval of laser intensity q = (0,1 •-:-100) G\V/cm\ The ion mass spectra of the plasma produced by laser irradiation at angle a ~ 85° ate more fully representative for the elemental composition of the layer adsorbed on the surface . After the first pulse, peaks of impurity ions, O , ()*', C, N ', Na", K2 , S . S*', Co', Co"' appear in the mass spectra, however the charge of W ions does not exceed 3. After the third pulse the maximal charge of W ions ( Zlmx ) comes to 4, and impurity C and O ions are registered For the incident angle a ~ 20° of tungsten ions Zmax - 5, the mass spectra of plasma remain identical each to other over the sequence of 10 pulses Only C and O impurity tons are registered, while the charge o\ W reaches 5 The energy distributions of multiply charged ions W also depended strongly on the target irradiation angle. 7'hc energy distribution range is significantly narrower for a nearly grazing incidence 4 than for acute angles of incidence. For instance, if the energy E,ms of W, W ions produced at a - 85° does not exceed 500 eV and ~ 1 KeV, respectively, then Einav reaches to - 4 KeV for these ions at a ~ 20°. The reasons are discussed for vastly larger intensities and number of ion peaks of admixture elements registered at the angle of radiation incidence 85° from a local target area, and possibility for efficient exploring the laser mass-spectrometer for local element analysis of condensed matter. UZ0201774 EFFECT OF y - RAYS ON ELFXTROPHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF n-Si Yunusov M.S., Karimov M., Begmatoy K.A., Oiiilova N.J. Institute of Nuclear Physics, Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Tashkent, Uzbekistan It is actual to study mechanisms of deep level formation in the process of doping followed by various cooling and irradiations of semiconductor materials. The work is devoted to study of features of radiation defect formation in n-type silicon doped (Cu and Ni) impurity causing deep energetical levels. In spite of many experimental data on formation impurity centres, there is almost no information about their components, in particular, about participation of self-interstitial atoms (I) and vacancies (V) in these centres. For clearing up this question, it is necessary to collect experimental data about behaviour of impurity centres at irradiation. 156 Section II. Radiation Physics of Condensed Matter The p-type silicon satnnles were grown by Chochralski method and had the specific resistance -3 O cm and the density of dislocations -10"4 cm". The doping of silicon was executed with lermaldifusion method in open volume at temperature 1203-1483 K followed by cooling at the rate of 250-300 degree/minute (I the type ol^ samples) and 30-40 degree/minute (II the type of samples) In this case both sides oi^ silicon were plated by evaporation of Cu or Ni. Reference samples without Cu (or Ni) coating were prepared under the same heat treatment conditions Shottki barrier diodes for the OLTS measurement were produced by gold evaporation on the samples after removing about 50 jim of the diffusion source (Cu or Ni) from the surface Series of important results was obtained: - The concentration Cu and Ni centres in n-type silicon depends on the cooling rate after diffusion and on the temperature of the diffusion The increase of -ray dose results in the decrease of Cu centre concentration with the energy level E~ -0,25 eV in quickly and slowly cooled samples of n-Si-P,Cu>. Increasing the concentration of Cu atoms (at the same dose of irradiation) results in decrease of the concentration of radiation centres of A- and C-type. It is indicative of competition between A- and hi- by centres in trapping vacancies, as well as in formation of complex with participation of Cu atoms. The formation of radiation centres in the reference and the Ni containing n-type silicon has practical!} the same efficiency. UZ0201775 ANALYSIS OF EPR-GAMIYIA RAY GLASSES Berdiev I'., 'Dobryjikov S.N., Sluipiiov K.I. Termez State University, Uzbekistan ' Institute of Chemical Physics, Moscow, Russia Radiation induced centers have been studied in gamma-irradiated glasses of the following composition: Li2O-6SiO2; l:i2O-4SiO2; U2O-2SiO2; 33,7SrO-66, 3SiO2; 4OSrO- 6OSiO2; 5OSrO-6OSiO2; K2O-6SiO2; K2O-4SiO2; K2O-2SiO2 with the method of Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR). Spectra were recorded at the room temperature with radiospectrometer. One type of EPR center with the characteristic parameters g=2.0)334 and 2.01963 was found in all studied samples except those with K2O gamma-irradiated. Depending on the glass composition, the share of this center changes near 50 %. Comparison of the g-factor of this center with the averaged one g:=2.0l known from the literature shows that it apparently relates to the =Si-O' type center. In alkaline-earth glasses this type of center exists within the limit of 12-30%, depending on it's content. Analysis of the paramagnet centers shows that gamma-irradiated glass contains 2 or 3 types of centers, the ratio of which is determined by the glass composition and metal concentration. The radiation center parameters in the K2O containing glasses differ from those of other glasses. The suggested paramagnet center structure in the irradiated glass agrees with the literature data. It is the —£j-Q;= ,$•/•- type center and a solvatron electron (which is localized in the glass cavity). 157 Ph\sus iilCoiiclcnscJ \1:ilki UZ0201776 DISTINCTIVE VJOTT TRANSITION AN!) NEW METAL-INSl LATOR TRANSITIONS IN DOPED COVALENT AND POLAR CRYSTALS l)/liumanov S., Kur'iaiusv I'., kiirmantaev A., Ynvidov B. Institute of Nuclear Physics, Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Tashkent, Uzbekistan At present the problem of the metal-insulator transitions (MIT's) in doped systems such as covalent semiconductors (i.e. Si and Ge) and polar compounds (c.t1,. oxide high-T, superconductors (HTSC)j is one of central issues in condensed mailer physics, iixperiinettts on doped HTSC and other systems (see |!]) hase shown that the MIT's m these systems are not always conventional correlation- and disorder-induced ones In this work, we study the possibility for the Mott transition and other new MIT's and their distinctive features in doped covalent arid polar compounds within the continuum mode! of impurity self-trapping of carriers, the Habbard impurity band model and the extrinsic (bi)poiaionic baud model using the variational methods and tight-binding approximations. We have shown that the impurity single panicle and pair self-trapping of carriers result in generating one- and two-carrier stales localized in the gap of the doped systems. We demonstrated the formation possibility of large- radius hydrogen-like and non-hydrogen-like localized in-gap states at the absence (in Se and Ge) and presence (eg in IITSC) of the extrinsic (bi)polaronic effects, respectively Further, we present a physical motivation for the formation of in-gap llubbard impurity bands and extrinsic (bi)polaronic bands The extrinsic Mott-Hubbaid and (bi)polaionic insulating gaps are calculated explicitly. The proper criteria for Mott transition, impurity excitonic and (bi)polaronic MIT's have been obtained We argue thai the MIT's in doped covalent semiconductors can be Mott transition, bin those ii> doped HTSC are new extrinsic (impurity) or intrinsic (bi)polaronic MIT's We showed lhat \ .rious experimental results on in-gap stales, bands and MIT's in doped covaleni semiconductors and oxide HTSC are in good agreement with the developed theory of impurity self-trapping of carriers and electronic bands, Mott transition and new extrinsic (bi)polarouic MIT's. UZ0201777 THEORY OF LARGE (BI)POLARO SS AND THEIR TRANSPORT MECHANISMS IN HKiH-lY SUPERCONDUCTORS Dzhumanov S., itaratov A.A. Institute of Nuclear Physics, Uzbekistan Acmhiny of Sciences, Tashkent, I zhekiskui One of the most important and puzzling issues in condensed matter physics is the question of the relevant charge carriers and their transport mechanisms in doped high-Tc oxides. There are'a lot of studies for this issue from both theoretical and experimental points of view However, the nature of the relevant carriers and their transport mechanisms in the normal state of lightly doped, uoderdoped and optimally doped high-Tt superconductors (HTSC) are not fully understood. Many experimental results point directly to the existence of (bi)pobrons in doped HTSC, but the nature of these (bi)polarons, which are responsible for the anomalous normal state properties of doped HTSC, is stiil not established. In particular, 158 Section II Radiation Plnsics of Condensed Mutter the small (bi)polarons are often discussed by some authors (see fl|). But such (bi)polarons are strongly localized and they are immoble at low temperatures While the large (bi)polarons are weakly localized or delocalized (D) due to their multisite extention and they can move itinerantly. Therefore, the large (bi)polaron model seems to be a very promising approach to the problem of the relevant carriers and their transport properties in doped HTSC. Here we develop a consistent and an adequate quantitative theory of large D (bi)polarons'and their transport mechanisms in doped oxide HTSC within the continuum model of carrier self- trapping [2], the novel Fermi-Bose-liquid model [I] and the Boltzmann equations. We demonstrated the formation possibility of large D (bi)polarons in lightly doped HTSC by using the continuum model and variational method, and also by taking account the short- and long-range carrier-lattice interactions and the lattice anisotropy. We then considered the large D polarons as the degenerated polaronie Fermi gas below the characteristic polaronic pseudogap temperature T|--T] am\ the large D bipolarons forming below the BCS-like pseudogap temperature IV -'IV as non-degenerated Bose-gas Further we used the Boltzmann equations for studying transport mechanisms of large (bi)polaions and showed that the large D polarons and bipolarons are scattered by the acoustic phonons and impurities (or defects) below T|- and Tr, respectively <\nd have quite different transport properties. 1. S. Dzhumanov. Im J. Mod. Phys BI2, 215! (1998). 2. S. Dzhumanov, A A. Baratov, S. Abboudy. Phys. Rev. B54. 13121 (1996-11). UZ0201778 TRANSIENT COLOR CENTERS IiN THE Pb\VO4:Nb SCINTILLATING CRYSTALS, INDUCED BY BREMSSTRUHLUNG GAMMA - IRRADIATION 'ASIHHOV M.Kh., 'Gasanov K.M., 'ismailov Sh.Kh., 'ftustainov I.R., Salikhbaev U.S., 2Safarov A.N., Ivhatauiov K. Institute of Nuclear J'hysics, Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Tashkent, Uzbekistan 1 Scientific -Industrial Association "1'honon", Tashkent, Uzbekistan 'Nuclear-physical laboratory of Samarkand Stale University, Samarkand, Uzbekistan The aim of work was the study spectral and leiaxation characteristics of radiation- induced transient colour centres (TCC) in the scintillating PbWO^Nb crystal. The sample (Ixlx8cm3) was placed on the way of bunch of bremsstrhlung gamma-radiation from MT- 22C model microtron electron beam (at frequency 400 Hz and current 7 u.A) interaction with the tungstan turget. The y-radiation was characterised by extended energy spectrum with the maximum near 7 MeV. The halogen lamp was used as a probe light source. Quartz optical fibre was used to transfer the probe light passed through the sampie to MDR-12 model monochrornator. The registration system included FEU-100 model photomultiplier and S9-8 digital storage oscilloscope. Other parts of experimental set-up besides the crystal investigated were protected from y-radiation. 159 Section II. Radiation Physics of Condensed Matter Two kinds of induced losses were measured (fig. 1). The first one calculated as AKr"(!/L)ln(Ti/To) presents the stable and transient centers, and the second one calculated as AK2=(.l/L)-ln(T)/T;) presents just transient centers, where To, Ti, Tj are the values of transmission obtained before, during and after radiation influence, respectively. It should be noted, that T,().) was measured just after saturation of the sample transmission change. Both absorption kinetics increase and the relaxation were measured (fig.2) The main results obtained: 1. Radiation induced transient absorption in PbVVO.j:Nb crystals was measured on the base of the original method. The transient absorption spectrum was found to differ significantly from the stable one. 2. The transient absorption spectrum was determined to be not elementary and to consist of several bands related to we!! known defect centres (Pb ', WO'.t, F, F). 3. Our previous conclusion (at pulse light excitation) that the life - time of TCC are from a Fig. I. Gamma-induced absorption spectrum: 1- absorption from both transient and stable color centers 2- only transient color center absorption Q— 1 1 >! 3 c j § .o ion. srb.un. a S- ?0)- ^ iO420nmi w &> -O |O420nm; •ft en O |n540nni; US f • •o Q540nm o | enE1 o ( — p P ••!! n 1 •• f 0 200 Time, s 400: . 0 100 r«ne. s 200 I ..J J Fig. 2. Kinetics of the gamma-induced transient absorption in different spectral regions: a) induction process b) relaxation process 160 Section fl J*adiai|oi^|^vsic^oJjCcMidcn.sc(l Miiltcr THERMOLUMINESCENCE OF Pb\VO4 SCINTILLATING CRYSTALS Ashuiov M.H.,Gs»sanov EM., Vlsmailov Sh.Kh., 'Rustiunov I.R., Rakov A.F. Scientific -Industrial Association "J'honon", Tashkent, Uzbekistan 'institute of Nuclear Physics, Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Tashkent, Uzbekistan Lately the radiation-optic properties of PbWOj (PWO) crystals have become an object of intensive investigations, since the crystals will be used for detecting high energy particles in the CMS-experiment at CERN. At present time, the results of radiation coloring of PWO crystals are known, but there is no any unique knowledge about trapping centres. The present work is continuation of early started invesiigations and devoted to the study of the trapping centres by thennostirnulated lumincscense (TSL) method. Undoped crystals and ones doped by Nb ' and La" ions have been investigated. The TSL- curves for the undoped crystals significantly differ one from another depending on the sample history. However, the peaks at 100, 150, 200-220, 250 K can be acceiiainecl to undoped crystals, the behaviour of which being similar for all of them. The differences in the peak intensities may be due to different growth conditions and quality of the initial raw materials. TSL curves of PWO:La crystals are characterized by the intensive peak at 107 K and weak one at 175 K. TSL curves of PWO Nb crystals are characterized by two intensive peaks at 110 K and at 210 K, respectively, here the intensity of the first peak increases in the sample sequence cut from the top to the bottom of the crystal From the analysis of TSL curves we can come to conclusion, that doping of PWO crystals by Nb especially La ions supresses the formation of some defect stmctures resporiible for TSL peaks at higher temperatures. On the other hand, substitution of W(>> ions by Nb'' ions must be compensated by formation of additional oxygen vacancies transforming into F-like centres when electron is captured, and replacement of Pb2' site with La1' ions gives rise to conditions for formation of cation vacancies trapping holes as WO/" ions at irradiation. Referenses 1. Ashurov M.H.,Gasanov EM, Ismailov Sh.H., Rustamov l.R et al, Radiation induced absorption in PbWCV.Nb crystals, Uzbek Phys. J., 1999, !, Jfa 5, p.390-3%. 2. Ashurov M.H.,Gasanov E.M, Ismailov Sh.H., Rustamov l.R et al, Photoinduced short- living absorption in scintillating PbWO4:Nb crystals, Atom Energy, 2001, 90, .Nb 4, p. 384- 387. UZ0201780 CHANGES OF PHASE-STRUCTURE STATE AND VOLUME PROPERTIES OF STAINLESS STEEL IRRADIATED BY PULSE ELECTRONS Chakrov P.V., Kadvrov K.G.. Maksimkin O.P. Institute of Nuclear Physics, NNC RK, Almaty, Kazakhstan It is known, that phase-structural transformations initiated by intensive external influences play the main role in formation of mechanical properties of stainless steel with low, stacking fault energy. 161 Section II. Radiation Physics £f_Co!ldcriscd_Mnncr_ The paper presents the results of studying evolution of dislocation structure and martensite (/'-phase in austenitic stainless steel 12Crl8NilOTi under irradiation by 100 us v *> pulse beam of electrons with energies 200:540 KcV and power density of 510 W/sm*. By using the method of transmission electronic microscopy (TE^M), we studied the structure of 300 fim thick objects cut out across the electron path beginning from the irradiated surface to the rear surface of samples with thickness of 2000 (.tin The electronogramms of the frontal surface of the irradiated malerial (on the layer depth ••- 10 urn) comprise of ring figures on the halo background, which is characteristic of amorphous state and strongly-fragmented structures. Most probably, it is connected with 40-50 times reduction of average size of irradiated austenitic grains as compared with the initial ones as the result of melting and rccrystallization of steel in a local zone. TEM-invcstigation of the back surface of the irradiated sample showed the developed dislocation cellular structure, and precipitation of a.'-martensitic phase prevailing on intercel! walls. The distribution of microhardness along the electron path from the exposed surface to the back of irradiated samples has shown, that the hardening has oscillating character. Possible mechanisms are discussed for phase-structural transformations and non- homogenities of hardening distribution over thickness of steel sample irradiated with pulse electron beams. UZ0201781 SURFACE GETTERING OF BORON IN SILICON CRYSTALS DOPED BY OSMIUM Kalnnov M.U., Khamraeva R.N., 'Nurkuziev G.N., Khaidarov T.Kh., Ummatov Kh.D. Institute of Nuclear Physics, Uzbekistan Academy of Science, Tashkent, Uzbekistan 'Physical Technical Institute. SPA "Physics-Sun", Tashkent, Uzbekistan There are a number of techniques for gettering.- fast-migrating metal impurities on silicon crystal surface: making damages by mechanical treatment, atom diffusion, ion implantation, dielectric covering, and sedimentation of polycrystalline silicon layer on the rear (non-working) side of Si plate. However, there is no information about the possibility of gettering main impurities (boron and phosphor) in the course of diffusion through silicon. This paper presents the results of diffraction study of the surface boron gettering in the course of diffusion doping Si crystals with osmium Crycible grown single crystals of n-Si(P) and p-Si- B-> were cut along (111) and had the 2 2 specific resistance p0* 3-M0 Ocm, the number of dislocations N.|-10 -HO"' cm" , the concentration of oxygen No«1016 -HO17 cm0 , boron Nu « 6xlO15 cm'3, phosphor Ni>«4xlO15 cm' . Diffusion of Osmium was being carried out for 10 hours at temperature T=l 500-1520 K followed by cooling with the oven. Standard samples were also subjected to the same thermal treatment simultaneously for comparison. Concentration of osmium in the doped samples !4 15 3 came to NOs« 4xlO -^3x10 cm" . Structure was studied at room temperature with X-ray diffractometer DRON-UM1 using CuKa- radiation with A=1.542 nm. The diffraction pattern of the standard p-Si samples comprised of both the silicon matrix refractions and as-grown quartz crystal phase (SiOo). While the X-diffraction spectra of the osmium doped crystals p-Si 162 Section II. Radiation Physics of Condensed Mailer samples showed, that these new reflections are attributed to a new phase of'boron oxide B;O.» in two modifications (cubic and hexagonal), which had been formed in subsurface layers of the silicon plnte in the course of osmium diffusion. After polishing the surface of doped samples lo the 300-350 u.m depth, the diffraction spectra of the doped and standard Si crystals almost coincided. Since it is impossible to get the concentration of B > IOP cm"' on the surface from anywhere except the bulk of the doped crystal, the only possible channel for this is the surface gettering of boron impurity from the Si crystal bulk in the process of diffusion. It should be mentioned, that in the silicon crystals having an electron type of conductivity and doped with osmium n-Si'-P,Os> the effect of surface geltering of phosphor did not occur. Thus, basing on the obtained results, the mechanism was suggested for the surface gettering boron from the volume of Si singlecrystals in the course of doping with osmium. Tijjijmi UZ0201782 EFFECT OF X-RADIATION ON PHASE STATE AND MECHANICAL PROPER LIES OF SILICON CRYSTALS Kiilanov M.V., Khamraevn-R.N., Unimatov Kh.l)., Khaidarov T.Kh., Rustumova V..M. Institute of Nuclear Physics, Uzbekistan Academy of Science, Tashkent, Uzbekistan Appearing of < I wt.% of crystal quartz inclusion at growing silicon single crystal by the melting zone technique [I] leads to phase inhomogeneity a fleet ing on electrical and mechanical properties of the material. We studied effect of X-radiation on phase composition and mechanical properties of single crystal and polycrystailine silicon. Single crystal p-Si grown by the melting zone technique was cut along (111) as a disk of 27.5 mm diameter and 4 mm thickness and had the specific resistance pn- 10 Dem. Samples of single crystal and polycrystalline Si with the same type of conductivity, shape and size were irradiated with X-rays of 35 KeV energy and the beam power of 1 Wt cm' (estimated on the brehmstrallung (stopping) radiation) during 10 hours at room temperature. Structure was studied with X-ray diffractometcr DRON-UM1 using CuKu- radiation with /V-i.542 nm. The intrinsic friction Q'1 of the samples was studied by the method of ultrasound resonance at the frequency of 39 kHz Investigation of the irradiated structure showed presence of impurity phase of single crystaline quartz in the both types of Si samples: single crystal and polycrystal. In the single crystal samples there occurred increase of the relative intensity Iior-SiCV/lis^Si'' of the impurity phase with the irradiation time, followed by the saturation after 2.5 hours irradiation. The growth of this ratio is not due to the increase of the impurity phase content, because X- irradiation does not induce the phase transition silicon-quartz, and the absorbed energy is mainly spent on increasing the lattice atom vibration energy, which is proved by reflection broadening. Full turning of single crystal around its axis revealed two maxima of Q"1 which confirm the presence of oriented inclusions of impurity phase in the sample volume discovered by structure study. Such a non-monotonous behavior was not observed in polycrystal samples. After X-inadiation the intensity and width of Q"1 peaks increased, while the shape remained. It is indicative of stability of the orientation of the impurity phase inclusions under the irradiation. • The obtained results are explained by a partial removal of strains appearing in the single crystals because of the difference between the specific volumes of the quartz inclusion and 163 Section II Radiation Physics of Condensed Mailer silicon matrix V'.SiO2>/V References I. Ummatov Kh.D, Kalanov M.I'., Paizullakhanov 3VJ S., Rustamova V.M., Khaidarov T.Kh. Study of phase state of as-grown silicon crystals. Uzbek Phys Journ. Vol. 1 Ms 4, 1999, p. 289-292. UZ0201783 TRANSFORMATION OF STRUCTURE AND CONDUCTIVITY OF PEROVSKITE PHASE OF YTTRIUM CERAMICS Kalanov M.U., Ibragimova E.M., Khamraeva R.N., Khaidarov T.Kh. Institute oj Nuclear Physics, Uzbekistan Academy of Science, Tashkent, Uzbekistan We showed recently [I] the existence of cubic perovskite phase [(Y, Ba)CuOj-tv:»]:>, where A- deficit non-stoichiometry of oxygen. Since materials with perovskite structure are capable of absorbing and emitting reversibly oxygen and existence of oxygen non- stoichiometry in the perovskite phase allows some instability of this phase at the normal conditions. This paper shows how the perovskite phase transforms into orthorhombic one during a long term aging under the normal atmosphere conditions The structure transformations are accompanied by loosing oxygen and changing of conductivity from semiconducting/metallic to superconducting type Ceramics of [(Y,Ba)CuO;,.v.i].i with A~0.15 and the lattice parameter a.=0.4O51 nm were grown by the method described in [ I j and had a pellet like shape with 10 mm in diameter and 0.6 mm in thickness. Structure was studied with X-ray diflractometer DRON- UM1 using CuKa- radiation with X—0.1542 nm. Temperature dependence of the specific resistivity p(T) was measured with the standard 4-probe-technique within the temperature interval of 77-300 K. Samples were being kept passively for 4 months in air of 50 % humidity at room temperature, and each month their structure and conductivity were measured so as to monitor any changes. The structure of as-grown ceramics was described completely in the space group Pm3m characteristic of perovskite ABOi but with some oxygen deficit A. Therefore, instead of the dielectric properties expected for perovskite, the ceramic sample showed a mixed metallic- semiconducting character: p(T) « Const with p( 100 K)=X 5x 10": Dem and p(3()0 K)=8.7x I0'2 Qcm. After a month-aging the diffraction pattern showed splitting of the main structure lines of the perovskite phase: namely, (100), (200), (210), (211) and (310), except {HHH} type, for example, (111) and (222). After 2.5 months the phase transformation completed and the final diffraction pattern corresponded to orthorhombic phase with YBa2Cu3O7.fi composition, where 8=0.05 is oxygen sub-stoichiometry. As expected for this phase, the sample has become superconducting with the critical temperature TV^l K and metallic conductivity within 91-300 K After being kept for another month, this sample turned out still superconducting with stabilized structure and properties. 164 Section II. Radi;i(ion Plivsics of Condensed Manor Slow change of symmetry of the initial perovskite phase of yttrium ceramics under the. normal condition can be explained by two reasons: oxygen loss from a value of (>~A (A 0.1 5 - non-stoichiometry of the perovskite phase) to a value of 7-5 ('6 -Q 05 •• non-sioichiometry of the superconducting phase), slight displacement of the central atom from the cation position (1/2, 1/2, 1/2) of the perovskite unit cell. Structure transition from perovskite to orthorhombic phase with oxygen loss can be described by the reaction: ((Y,Ba)CuOj..\.»]? --> YBa:CujO7.o '" (1 +5) O; T. References I. JCalanov M.U., Paizullakhanov M.S.. Rustamova V.M. el al Abstracts of The third International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics". 191)1). Bukhara, p. 350. UZ0201784 IMPROVING THE INTERGRAIN CONNECTION IN YBaCuO CERAMICS BY PROTON IRRADIATION Kalnnov M.I'., Ibriigiinovn E.M., 'Kirk IVI.A. Institute of Nucft'ar I'hysics, Uzbekistan Academy of Science, Tashkent, Uzbekistan At^onne National Laboratory, Ar^onne, Illinois, USA •It is known, that under irradiation of granular materials the energy is lost mainly on the total grain surface including intergranular contacts, causing modification of texture and hence properties. The irradiation of YBaCuO ceramics with 200 KcV protons was found to increase the critical temperature Tr and the normal state conductivity a,, [1] The irradiation of YBaCuO crystals at 3 5 MeV proton beam creates defect pinning centers providing a significant enhancement of critical current density j,- [2]. There is no paper related to effect of granularity of YBaCuO ceramics on proton induced delect structure, although it is important for production HTSC wire wilh good intergranular connectivity and high jt. [3J. The challenge is to improve both critical parameters. The goal of this work was to study proton induced granular texturing and conditions for atomic order-disorder so as lo increase critical current density and conductivity. YBaCuO ceramics were sintered under different conditions [4j: I) isotropic non-textured ceramics made by powder technology, 2) peritectic melt grown samples with texture degree of 0.6, 3) anisotropic ceramics sintered from powder under gamma-irradiation, texture degree 0.4 - 0.7. Samples had different oxygen content Ox ~ Ion : I102 , grain misorientation degree (texture factor F, ~ Slooi. : SUIKI,), and granularity 5-20 (.im determined by scanning electron microscopy. Having cyclotron accelerating protons to the energy of 18 MeV, we calculated the proton range of about 1 mm and energy losses in YBaCuO (by TRIM code) Since the inelastic energy loss turned out by -100 times higher than elastic ones, we compared samples of 0.5 and 1.2 mm thickness (less and more than the proton range) to eliminate elastic loss. The samples were irradiated at 300 K, a beam current of 20 and 100 nA, fluences 1011 to I015 cm'2 to vary ionization loss and defect density. To separate elastic and inelastic effects, superconductivity and normal state conductivity measured with 4 probes on the front and 4 - on the rear surface within 77-300 K, and Amp'er-Volt- curves done at 77 K with d.c. pulses of 10'* sec 165 Section II. Radi;i(jon PInsics of Condensed Matter Temperature dependencies of a resistivity within 77-.100 K for irradiated ceramics are non-linear. Supet conducting transition and a normal state resistivity behavior are different on the proton exposed and back surfaces of samples when a thickness is equal to the proton range.. Low angular reflexions are more sensitive to oxygen content in surface layer and intergranular contacts (accuracy - 10%) Oxygen ordering and radiation induced texturing occured at the surface exposed to low doses. After higer doses • 10 cm* oxygen disordering and amorphization of intergrain contacts occurcd Textured ceramics was found to be stable under the irradiation, because it ha" fewer weak c-axis oriented intergrain contacts. Proton induced anisotropy of resistivity along and across the proton beam is caused by the induced texturing of ceramics Texturing of the exposed surface may result from the following reasons: • magnetisation of grains of YBaCuO ceramics by the magnetic field induced by proton 14 2 1 27 7 beam: fluence !0 cm" ; current 20 nA; e=- 1.6- lO' '' C\: ny-1.67* I0" kg; EP==l.8x!0 eV; Vp-10'' m/s; Magnetic induction 13-- nev/d*l kOe. • ionisation induced oxygen disordering in weak intergrain contacts (c-axis orientation) weakens them so that grain's rotation becomes possible, • magnetised grains align parallel each to other Magnetic flux may be pinned by oxygen disordered and depleted intergrain contacts, lntragrain structure becomes ordered under moderate fluences Already textured ceramic samples lost their textuie and oxygen at the surface exposed to higher fluences. Qpnciy.siQ.ns;. The 18 MeV proton irradiation in the interval of 101' -10M cm"" induces oxygenation of weak intergrain contacts, grain alignment (texturing up to 0.6), anisotropy and broadening of SC-transition, the transport critical current increase at 77 K, and the residual magnetization. In a higher dose interval of 10" - I01* cm'2 the SC-transition parameters degrade and the resistivity increases, depending on initial texture, weak intergrain links become deoxygenated and no texture occurs. The magnetization (pinning) and the anisotropy of SC-transition can be due to localization of charges (and spins) at the proton induced defects (mostly in oxygen sublattices). References 1 Pang G.-O, Zhang H.H., Wang G.-H., Vacuum (1989) 39, 285. 2. Vlcek B.M., Viswanathan H , Kirk MA, Crabtree G.VV , Phys Rev B (1993) 48, 4067. 3. Watahiki M., Jang WJ., Sakai N., Murakami M , Physics C (1998) 296, 43. 4. lbragimova E., Gasanov EM., Kalanov M.U., Kirk M.A., Goretta K.C., MRS Symp. Proc, (1995)354,723. UZ0201785 DEGRADATION OF PROTON IRRADIATED YBa2Cu3G7-8 CERAMICS AT PASSIVE KEEPING Kalanov M.U., Ibragimova E.M., Khamraeva R.N., Khaidarov T.Kh. Institute of Nuclear Physics Uzbekistan Academy of Science, Tashkent The critical temperature of superconducting transition Tc and the normal conductivity of YBa2Cu3O7.fi (YBaCuO) ceramics depend strongly on content and distribution of oxygen. It is an actual problem to staH-ize oxygen sublattice. The aim of this work was to study temporal 166 Section II. Radiation Phvsics of Condensed Matter stability of structure and superconducting' parameters of isotropic and textured YBaCuO ceramics prior and alter the proton irradiation optimal for flux pinning. Samples had a disk shape with 12 mm diameter and 06 mm thickness, oxygen non- stoichiometry 8=0.07, lattice parameters a =3 824, b:--3 885, c~l 1.676 A. Density of isotropic and textured samples was 4.9 and 5 2 g/cm\ and the texturing factor was 0 and 0.64, respectively. A part of the samples were irradiated at 18 MeV proton beam with the fluence of 6*IOM cm"3 at 300 K in air. During 3-months-passive keeping in air, each v eek the samples were measured structure parameters a, b, c, the loi2/Iu>2 ratio, and volume oxygen content 7-6, by X-ray- diffraction (XcuK.i~l.542 A); temperature dependence of specific resistivity p at 77- 300 K by Van-der-Pow with d.c.-current of ! 111A It was found, that as the keeping time grows, both the intensity ratio I012/I1112 and the specific resistivity increase in a good correlation each to other. The strongest increase of p at 300 K was observed in non-irradiated ceramics: during 3 months it has increased by 155 and 60 % for isotropic and textured ceramics respectively. l;or the same period the loin/lio: ™tio for isotropic ceramics increased by 4.5 %, while for textured - only 2.5 % The growth of p and I012/1102 during 3 months for proton irradiated (4-1014 cm'2 ) isotropic samples was 1 1.7 and 2.7 %, and for textured 3.3 and 0.9 %, respectively After proton irradiation to 6xlO14 cm"" a sharp growth o\~ Io 12/1102 up 0.796, a decrease of Tc down 85 K and significant increase of the lattice parameters occurred The observed difference in stability of non-irradiated and proton irradiated samples, both isotropic and textured, can be put down to high mobility of oxygen in subsurface and inter-granular oxide layers. The increase of I012/I102 ratio in the irradiated samples characterizes formation 01 a thin subsurface layer of tetra-phase as a result of ortho-tetra- phase transition caused by radiation-stimulated desorption of oxygen from CuOv chains. This process seems to dominate over thermal sorption of oxygen from air. •Tetra-modification of YBaCuO ceramics at the normal condition is more stable as compared with ortho-phase and serves as a protective cover against a long degradation in air. UZ0201786 HIGH TEMPERATURE SPECTRUM OF INNER FRICTION AND STRUCTURE OF SILICON CRYSTALS m Kalanov M.U., Khaidarov T.Kh., Khamracva R.N., Ibnigitnova E.M., Rustatnova V.1Y1. Institute of Nuclear Physics, Uzbekistan Academy of Science, Tashkent, Uzbekistan It is known, that among the methods used for studying mechanical properties, the inner (intrinsic) friction (IF) is quite sensible to structure [1]. Therefore in combination with X-ray- diffraction IF can be applied for studying temperature dependence of phase state of silicon crystals, which was the aim of this work. Crucible grown Si single crystals of n- and p-type conductivity were cut along (111) in the form of a disk (diameter 20 mm, thickness 2 mm) and had the specific resistance po » 10 17 3 R10 Dem, the concentration of oxygen No « 2xlO -f- 4xlO cm" . Structure parameters were studied at room temperature with X-ray diffractometer DR0N-UM1 using CuKu- radiation at X= 1.542 A and having high temperature unit UVD-2000. Spectra of IF of the crystals were measured by the technique of ultra-sound resonance Q"1—f(T) at the frequences 167 Section Ji Radiation Physics of Condensed Matter 78 and 160 kHz and high temperatures controlled by VTR-3. The tempeature range in the both techniques was 300-1300 K. The temperature dependencies of Q"' for all the samples were alike and independent on a conductivity type. Acoustic patterns of the samples in the first cycle of heating comprised of weak IF peaks at 450 and 870 K, and also a club let with an averaged intensity within the temperature range of 900-1100 K. In the second cycle of heating the shape and the height of the IF peak at 870 K remained practically unchanged, only a trace of the peal at 450 K remained, and the high temperature dublet turned into singlet. The background level increased non-monotonously with the temperature growth beginning from 700 K. Besides, at the given frequency the position of the high temperature peak was found to vary significantly (-350- 400 C) from one crystal to another. Softening of the elastic modulus was discovered in the temperature interval of 900-1100 K. Structure study revealed impurity phase of quartz crystallites (a-SiO:) about i wt.% in as-grown single crystals of silicon. In the temperature cycles the reflection intensity ratio of IsioiO 10) / Isi( 1! 1) remained practically constant, i.e. the concentration of the impurity phase did not change. However, the shape of the main reflection of the matrix Si(l 11) lattice with d/n * 3.128 A was temperature dependent. At room temperature this structure peak lias a singlet shape, and at temperatures above 900 K it becomes dublet with A.(CuK,xi)-l .5405 A and /-(CuK^y-l 5443 A, but with the reciprocal intensity ratio The observed anomalies in the structure characteristics and mechanical properties of the silicon crystals can be explained as follows. The IF peak at 450 K is attributed to a phase state of oxygen forming amorphous layer of SiOA on the silicon surface. This layer deforms the sub-surface silicon layer due to mismatch of their lattice parameters. Deformation is kivwn to be removed by low temperature annealing (-0.3T,,, of material). Besides, in the case of silicon it happens also because of oxygen evaporation in the form of SiO from the surface. That is why the deformation IF peak at 450 K is not observed in the second heating cycle. The IF peak at 870 K. is related with a<->(i phase transition in quartz inclusions in silicon matrix. According with the data of structure analysis, the amount of impurity SiOi phase in silicon is < 1 w.% and does not change with temperature Therefore the corresponding weak IF peak can not depend on a temperature cycle, neither occurs in the experiment. Besides, such a conclusion is confirmed by the fact of a sharp increase of the background level of IF in the vicinity of the transition temperature, and also by independence of the peak position on the measurement frequency. The high temperature dublet IF peak results from the temperature change of mechanical properties of silicon. Silicon is known to transit from a brittle state into a plastic one at temperatures 900-1100 K 12]. When the oxygen contamination in silicon increases, the temperature of the brittle-plastic-state transition decreases. Quartz crystallites results in volumal defomation of silicon matrix due to the different specific volume ratio V(SiO2) / V(Si) « 2. In the first cycle of heating up to the temperature of the brittle-plastic- transition the deformation is elastic and the structure reflection Si(lli) is not splitted on CuK«i and CuK,X2 radiation. But, after the transition the deformation becomes plastic and the reflection Si(l 11) is splitted, and the corresponding IF peak becomes dublet. After cooling the sample, the plastic deformation remains, therefore in the second heating cycle only one IF peak caused by this deformed state is observed. References 1. L. Berman. Ultra-sound and its application in science and technique. Translated from German, Moscow, 1957, 726 p. 2. Y.Tsunekawa, Wassmans. Metallurgy Trans. 1974, vol. 5 j\r<> 7, 1585-1593. 168 Section II. Radiation Plwsics ofTondcnscd Niattcr UZ0201787 INTERACTION BETWEEN DISORDERED REGIONS AND RADIATION-INDUCED DEFECTS OF P - TYPE SILICON UNDER y-IRRADIATION Karimov M., Jalclov M.A., Kochkarov R.M. Institute of Nuclear Physics, Uzbekistan Academy of Science, Tashkent, Uzbekistan Doping of the silicon with impurities producing deep levels is one of perspective ways to gain necessary clectrophysical, photoelectrical and recombination properties. It is known, that under thcrmodiffusion doping several impurity atoms form electrically active centres (vacancy - impurity point defects), which are distributed inhomogeneously over all the volume of crystal. The rest impurity atoms (90-l)9 %) are distributed inhomogeneously too and form electrically inactive defects: second-phase of various clusters consisting of impurities and impurity - self-interstitial atom complexes. However it is not well understood yet, how the inhomogeneity of conductivity influences on efficiency of radiation defect production in doped silicon. I hcrefore. the study of dynamics of the defect (complexes and clusters) production or decay in the compensated silicon obtained by thermal diffusion and irradiations (neutron flux at K)1" cm" s'1 and ('°Co y- rays at the power ~ 1100 R/s) allows us to explain new physical mechanisms of thermal and radiation sensitivity of silicon. The compensated silicon with deep energetical levels was obtained by neutron irradiation in the VVWR-SM (samples of 1 type). Chochralski grown p-type silicon with the specific resistivity -I O cm and the density of dislocations -I0'1 cm'2 was used as the base material. Tor comparison non-irradiated p-type silicon (reference samples of II type) was investigated simultaneously. 'Initial (10 %) carriers removal rate (Ap/F) was studied by the Hall coefficient measurement method. The experimental dependence of Ap/F on carrier concentration is described for samples of 1 type as Ap/F-3 10*2< p, and for II type as Ap/F~l,12.IO"u p0>o, where p is a hole concentration at 300 K At the equal hole concentrations the carrier removal rate in 1 type samples was less than that in II type samples The obtained results for the compensated silicon can be explained, basically, by radiation induced increase of the barrier between the high-resistance and the low-resistance regions and by quick departure of the primary radiation defects on additional sinks (in this case disordered regions) UZ0201788 RECOMBINATION INTERACTION BETWEEN LUMINESCENCE CENTERS AT TWO-PHOTON LASER RADIATION ABSORPTION AND CUBIC NONLINEAR SUSCEPTIBILITY OF HIGH-PURITY OPTICAL GLASSES Zakhidov E.A., Kasinuljanov M.A., Kurbanov S.S., Rakhimov R., KhabibuHacv P.K. Heat Physics Department of the Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Tashkent, Uzbekistan Recent progress in the field of creation'of laser systems capable of generating intense light beams of about 10l4-1016 W has shown that at such powers there exists a novel regime of interaction of radiation with matter. At intensities of laser radiation within 10!9-1021 W/cm2 169 Section II. Radiation Phvsics ol'Condensed Miitler interacting with the target surface, superdense plasma can be formed at temperatures from kV to MV. Electric Jlm, = Ai\:Xi. (I) it confirms the fact that the "fast" component is caused by the two-photon absorption at which electron-hole pairs appear. The capture of free elections in traps leads to appearance of an additional absorption increasing from pulse to pulse. The possibility for hole migration from one luminescence center to another may lead to the distribution of energy over the luminescence spectrum in the case of increasing the exciting radiation power Figure shows spectra of stationary luminescence of the K.10S2 glass al jhe intensities 0.7 MW/cm2 (1) and 6 MW/cm" (2). With increasing of the radiation power, the statistical weight of the short-wave part of spectrum decreases and the long-wave one increases In the case of weak absorption the intensity of exciting radiation at the two-photon absorption changes (along the z-axis) according to the equation l Pexc(=) -- I ex,.(0)(\ - (oyzl'evc(0)) (2) h . . • . '"-"Max where y is the two-photon absorption coefficient related to the imaginary part of the cubic susceptibility x(3) as following: 2 °- .0) 3) AOO 500 Thus using this expression and kinetics of the "fast" component luminescence, one can determine the values of y and 170 UZ0201789 Scction IT Riiduition Ph\ sics of Condensed NEUTRON STRUCTURE OF SOIJ1) SOLUTION'S OF NITROGEN AND HYDROGEN ATOMS IN THE LATTICE OF a-MODIFICATION OF TITANIUM AND ZIRCONIUM Khidirov L, MukhUwovjn N.N. Institute of Nuclear Physics, (/zhekistan Academy of Science, Tashkent, Uzbekistan Titanium and zirconium as well as their compounds arc widely used materials in various branches of engineering Among the compounds, the highly widespread types are solid solutions of nitrogen or both nitrogen and hydrogen in «-Me (Me - Ti, Zr) lattice. It should be noted that solubility of mere hydrogen in (/-Me lattice is insignificant (about 0.08 mass%). To apply the above solid solutions, it is necessary to know phase relations in Ti(Zr) - N, Ti(Zr) - N - H systems. This work presents the results of our neutron and X-ray structure study of MeN.; and MeNxHy solid solutions (in their homogeneity region) . It was shown that the upper limit of homogeneity region of solid solution TiNx (a- ;.)hase) is at x * 0.1 (> (in equilibrium stale) In this phase N atoms are distributed statistically in octahedral interstitials of hexagonal close-packed u-Ti structure (space group P6i/mme). Above this concentration, up to 0.30, the soiid solution can be obtained by quenching from !000°C. When increasing the concentration of N, two-phase (cr'-t:) region is observed, where E is tetragonal phase described within framework of space group (sp.gr.) IM? /mrim Though the structure formula o'i the phase corresponds to stoichiomctry o( Ti^N, its homogeneity region is on the left side o\' 2:1 stoichiomeirv, the concentration interval being T12N0 72-:-Ti2Nox^. Beyond the limit of N/Ti - "42 relation there is a two-phase r,i6 (cubic) region. The annealing of solid solution TiNx at IOOO:3()O"C during 800 hours did not lead to ordering of N atom positions The upper limit of homogeneity region of equilibrium solid solution ZrNx is at a higher concentration of N (x * 0.24), than I hat of solid solution TiN.v For the first time the orthorhombic ordered phase with the structure of anti-CaCli type (sp.gr.Pimm) has been found in the Zr-N system at temperatures of 400 •:- 35O°C. The hydrogeuation of MeNx firstly, expands the homogeneity icgion of solid solutions (on the basis of a-Me) up to N / Me * 0.5, and secondly, causes the formation of two ordered phases with the structure (on nitrogen) of anii-Cdb type (sp.gr.P 3ml) and anti-AuTe2 type (sp.gr. C2/m). Note, that the monoclinic ordered phase is a new structure type found in the interstitial phases. It is interesting to note that both the tetragonal f;-Ti;N|.N- (sp.gr. IM2 /mnin) and ordered tetragonal ( sp.gr. I4| /amd) phases (observed in Ti - N system) are not found in the presence of hydrogen. Thus, nitrogen and hydrogen promote the solubility of each other in the rx-Me lattice. In addition, hydrogen atoms seem to smoothed the difference in structural and phase relations of Ti - N and Zr - N systems Besides, it was found that isoiopically different solid solutions TiNxHv and TiNvDy of the same contents have identical structure characteristics when being in high-temperatuie disordered state But, the isotopic effect appeared at decreasing temperature and manifested itself in some peculiarities of their structures and ordering process. From the neutron structure data one can conclude that the repulsive force dominates in interaction between H(D) and N atoms It was established experimentally for the first time, that there are two effects in the interstitial solid solutions of Ti-N-I ( system' consecutive process of «ordering-decay» and the formation of ordered anti-phase domains below the decay temperature. 171 Section[l_R;idialion Physics ot CoiuKiiscd M;itlcr An interesting phenomenon called «hydrogen theimal emission)) was found in Me-N-H system: practically complete removal of I! atoms out oi crystal lattice of solid solutions MCNJJHV under continuous evacuating at temperatures below the temperature of crystallization or matrix rearrangement. In this case the configuration ol' u-latively heavy atoms (which was stabilized by H atoms) does not change becau.se of then insignificant diffusive mobility at this temperature, new metastable phase MeN\ can be obtained artificially, we suggest terming it as «hvdrogen-indueed phase-) different from hydrogen-containing phase In Zr - N system a number of reversible and irreversible phase transitions were found at temperatures below that of «hycirogen-ind;ieed phases decay Such transitions are not observed at ordinary conditions. UZ0201790 ANALYSIS OF Y- QUANTUM TEMPORARY SPECTRA OF RADIATION CAPTURE FORMED AT THE INTERACTION OF NONSTATIONARY NEUTRON FLl'XES WITH WELLS 'll'insky A.V., 'Shikanov A.I., 2Mikhjulov L. hederal Skile Iiniktry Ijuerpnse for Nuclcur The paper deals with an algorithm of data pro* essing for the sampling neutron-gamma logging (SNGL) of oil and gas wells that allows the background to be simultaneously isolated. While investigating oil and gas we'ls by the SNGL technique, the time distribution is measured of the density of y-quanta of radiation capture (SNGL signals). The time structure of the field of y-quanta for the time t't,,^, when radiation capture in ihe near zone practically ceases, can be described by the following expression: ./(/)=/1i'"/l/+ vV, - f 7(/) d\(cl ! i. Integrating (3) two times over (u,TJ and overA,, we obtain the following equation: 172 Section II. Radiation Phvsics of Condensed Matter A0A(2\ A' - / + - ! -• X + /V, - X \Jl \dnJ(u) m 0, V 2) A, I where X - J(T)At, Let us mention the expression A'-I where J-' To solve it, let us make up the quadric surface by means of the following equations ^ ~0 I clY " /=••/ K —- = 0 dY i-II V dZ~' \l- from the solution, where the values of the decrement X and background O can be determined The value of amplitude A can be obtained in the similar way by minimizing the quadric surface into which the previously calculated values of A. and O are substituted. Conclusions 1. The results of the mathematical experiment show that the proposed algorithm can be used for reconstructing the parameters of SNGL signals. 2. The algorithm allows one to calculate simultaneously values of the background, amplitude and decrement, and it does not need measuring additionally the background, which raises measurement accuracy and makes devices and the measuring process simpler. UZ0201791 RADIOLYSIS OF SCINTILLATOR ZnSe(Te, O) CRYSTALS AT IRRADIATION WITH NEUTRONS AND GAMMA-RAYS Miikhamedshina N.M., Gafarov A.A., Ibragimova E.M., Kist A.A., JRyzhikov V.D., 'Stnrzhinskiy N.G., zKlamra W. Institute of Nuclear Physics, Uzbekistan Academy of Science, Tashkent, Uzbekistan 'Concern "Institutefor Single Crystals", Kharkov, Ukraine 2Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden Moderate doses of ionizing radiation are known to cause radiolysis of ionic compounds, including scintillator alkali halide crystals [1]. Therefore, it is an actual problem to elucidate 173 Section II. Radiation Plnsics oi'Condensed Matter radiolysis mechasiism and search for more stable materials. ('"Co-gamma-irradiation of ZnSe (Te. O) crystals to the high dose of lo' R at 1000 R/s and 320 K was found to result in radiolysis of a sub-surface layer (-5 inn) with a mass loss -10" g per sample |2| Optical and scintiilator characteristics of the irradiated samples changed significantly there was observed the 'red' shift of the optical absorption edge and the luminescence band Since the reactor irradiation comprises of neutron and gamma-ray fluxes, the contributions from the both components into the radiolysis and the properly changes should be taken into account The purpose of this work was to study radiolysis of ZnSe (Te, O) single crystals (T- treated in Zn vapor) and its etTect on spectral and kinetic characteristics after irradiation at uM~o-gamma-ray source and the nuclear reactor with mixed fluxes of fast and resonance neutrons with ionizing gamma-component. Spectral and kinetic characteristics of the crystals were studied with laser pulses of 12 ns at the wavelength 337 nm, which can be considered as scintillations from inter-band optical excitation, since the absorption edge is at 470—180 nm The samples were irradiated in cadmium shielded channel outside the active zone of nuclear reactor operating at the power of 9 5 MWt with fluxes of resonance (>0 55 eV) and fast (>3 MeV) neutrons 6.7 <• 101" and 5.5 "• I010 em~V respectively. The accumulated fluences were H)"' and 5.4 < 101" cm'2 at 320 k The accompanying gamma-quanta llux in the core was 2> 10'" CM'"S'\ and the accumulated lluences were 10iX and 5.4-10u cm" Outside the core the intensity of gamma-component was much less. To estimate the contribution from the gamma-component, the same set of samples was irradiated with "°Co gamma-ray (1.25 MeV) source at the dose power of 10 r/s to the doses of 107 and 2 - I I& 10 IG Ic 9 Sam Con- T A(i l0 fn Optic 10 fh 10 fn IO ih 10'°fn 2-10* R 2-l0 R pie tents 1% 1, 1 AG absorp. Optic Radiol. lladiol. Layer Layer T..uil% Te, % non- 1% I, edge absorp loss Se, IOJS Zn. radiol radiol. with / no irrad US non-irr. ed<_>e IOV io-"g loss loss, radio!, 1 1 US cm* cm' nm nm layer, us CN4 <0.01 1 1 21550 21350 1.86 3.7 3 28 25/ 12 CTl <0.01 1 1 21350 21000 2 2 4.8 3.5 5.2 18/0.8 BN5 0.18 15 21350 21100 2.7 6.0 4.4 16. 4 10/8 BT5 0.176 25 21500 21000 7.6 11.2 13 14 6 18/ 10 AN 5 0.27 40 21370 21 100 1.7 10. 9 5.5 4. 7 3/0.8 AT8 0.27 25 21250 21000 3 8 7.3 5.3 | 90 I 20/ 1 AN 11 0.48 5 21300 21000 1.4 14. 6 8 18. 8 3/ 1.5 AT9 0.53 50 21300 20850 2.2 4.8 3 16. 3 18/ 15 The most interesting fact is the observation of significant weakening and shortening of afterglow at the pulse laser interband excitation. Given different afterglow times xag 1-50 f.ts before the irradiation, the value of xag has become 1 u.s for all samples irradiated in the reactor. Herewith, the wavelengths of photoluminescence and the absorption edge have increased significantly Gamma-irradiation alone LO a moderate dose 10 r caused neither a noticeable radiolysis nor optical changes. However a higher dose - 2x 10y r caused even more damage of the 174 Section II Radiation Plnsics nfioiakusod Miiilci _ subsurface layer varied within > 90 nru than alter reactor irradiation. The zinc mass loss turned out 10 be more than that of selenium, and the absorption edge and the luminescence band shifted toward longer wavelengths Ilowewr, the shortening of afterglow was in a less degree, than that after reactor it radiation The last column of the table shows, that the fast luminescent centers are in the bulk under the damaged subsurface laver T'.us, the observed radiolysis of the sub-surface layer results from the high dose ionizing gamma-irradiation However, joint (synergistic) effect oi' fast neu'rons, producing both point and dimensional structure defects, and weak gamma-component, producing only point defects, gives rise to a heavy radiolytic damage Radiation induced adsorption of oxygen followed by formation of ZnO micro-inclusions in the sub-surface layer is suggested for explaining the observed radiolysis and changes in the optical spectra and luminescence kinetics. Both high dose gamma alone and fast neutron with gamma-radiation generate fast luminescent centers that can be attractive for making detectors of intensive ionizing radiation The work has been done under the INTAS Project JV« UZ0201792 INFLUENCE OF GAMMA -RADIATION ON PHASE TRANSFORMATIONS IN TITANIUM HYDRIDE TiH , * Khidirov I., \lukhlaiova ty.N., Baktibaev K.O., Cetntanskiy V.V. Institute of Nuclear Physics, Uzbekistan Academy of Science, Tashkent, Uzbekistan The influence of"0 Co gamma-quanta on phase transformations in TiH 195 was studied by the neutron diffraction ( X=0.1085 nm) and X-ray diiTraction ( >. - 0.15*118 nm) methods According to X-ray diffraction data, the Tifli-^ sample was monophase was face- centered (FCC) lattice parameter a^O.445410.0001 nm. The treatment of neutron'diffraction pattern of initial TiHi.y? (Fig. 1) using the Rictveld profile refinement procedure showed that the staicture of the cubic phase can be described within the framework of space group (s.g.) Fm3m (8-phase). The discrepancy index using Bragg maxima was R-0.03 As X-ray diiTraction data showed, irradiation of the sample up to dose of 1.8* 10*' R did not lead to changing of hydride structure After irradiating up to dose of 3.0A IOV R an increase of the half-width of some diffraction maxima was observed in X-ray pattern; however there was no noticeable splitting. Irradiation of the samples up to 3.9xlOJ R resulted in splitting of some reflexes. The character of splitting showed that the obtained phase belongs to tetragonal system, the splitting of peaks being clearly manifested itself in neutron diffraction diagrams too (Fig.b). Within the framework of sp.gr.l4/mmm a good agreement between experimental and calculated intensities was found (R?*0.()3). The unite cell parameters of the body-centered tetragonal (BCT) phase (5'-phase) are: a, = 0.3162+.0.0002; c, =0.4418 ± 0.0003 nm; they are relate to the starting (cubic) lattice parameters as: a, * aj ^2; c,« ac. The recalculation of obtained parameters a, and c, to the face-centered tetragonal (FCT) unit cell gave. «/.-<••/• 3 =0.4470; trRT =0.4418 nm; da * 0.988; V|.rr=0,08728 nm . It should be noted that the observed 5'-phase relaxed at temperature T>35°C and transited into 8-phase, which is analogous to an initial one with the same lattice parameter. So, the phase obtained under y- . irradiation is metastable. 175 Section II. Radiation PliysLs of Condensed Mallei 1 1.1 JZ^ — ,.«•—h :. *..\ ) : -_ "•• -I.,. - / l-'ig I. Neutron diffraction pattern of Til lt •><; a - initial; b - y-irradiatiated Since tlie temperature of the sample under y-ii radiation rose up to -*, 80°C, the control non-irradiated (FCC) sample was anneals at T-80°C during 48 h in evacuated and sealed ampoule However, splitting of X-ray reflexes was not detected. Besides, the same annealing of the tetragonal (5-phase) resulted in the formation of FCC phase, which corresponds to equilibrium phase diagram of the Ti-N system. Hence, the observed tetragonal distortion is the result of irradiation y-quanta. It should be noted that out of y-field, the tetragonal distortion of T1H2 takes place only at T<35°C. At ~80°C in y-field we observed the tetragonal phase but at the same temperature out of y-field the initial FCC phase remained So, one can suppose that under gamma- irradiation the phase transition FCC—»BCT (FCT) occurs at higher temperature The work was supported by the Fund of support of fundamental investigations of AS of Uzbekistan. UZ0201793 F3 - AND F., - CENTF.RS IN MgF2 CRYSTALS Nuritdinov I., Mussacva M.A. Institute of Nuclear Physics, Uzbekistan Academy of Science, Tashkent, Uzbekistan Optical properties of gamma-irradiated MgF2 single crystals as luminophore and laser material both pure and doped with rare earth elements are well studied. However it is still challenge to understand kinetics of accumulation, annealing and transformation of intrinsic and impurity centers. The absorption bands at 260 and 370 nm are attributed to radiation induced F- and M-centers respectively. However, after gamma-irradiation with large doses of >109 R a new band appears at 490 nm. The purpose of this work was to study this new center by means of annealing and photoexcitation experiments. The absorption band at 490 nm was found to be stable until 200° C, then its intensity decreases and disappears at 350° C. Beginning from 250° C, another unknown band appears at 430 nm and increases up to the maximal value at 450°-470° C, then it decreases and disappears at 550° C. 176 Seclion II. R idtation Phvsics of Condensed Mailer Similar competition between these two bands (centers) was discovered at photoexcitation in F-band. In about I hour illumination the intensities o'C F- and M-bands decrease, while that at 490 nm appears and its intensity increases under the continued illumination. After 30-hour-illuminafion the band at 430 nm appears, when the intensity of 490 nm band saturates. Analysing experimental data on dose dependencies of these bands together with their thermal and photo-stability, one can conclude, that the band at 490 nm is attributed to F3« centers (R-centers), and that at 430 nm - F^-centers (N-centers) UZ0201794 DEGRADATION OF YBJJ2CU3O7XCERAMIC UNDER PULSE CURRENT Ncljesniv A,F., Gasfniov E. M., Polyak (). Yu., Rakhmnnov A. B. Institute of Nuclear Physics, Uzbekistan Academy of Science, Tashkent, Uzbekistan There is no doubt in wide application of high temperature superconductor (HTSC) materials in the various fields of science and techniques in the closest future One of the problems which limits using HTSC materials in heavy-current electrical technique is low transport critical current I.. It is possible 10 increase transport critical current L treating material under high temperature in oxygen atmosphere. Irreversible phenomena take place under the high-density current J the order of Jc magnitude, which can destroy material. When the transport current exceeds transport critical current for a weak link which is lower then one for grains, it destroys superconductivity of tin weak links If it is case, then local current density significantly exceeds admissible current for normai state of material and it leads to the local heating of the weak link clue to the Joule effect and change in distribution of current through the sample crossection. As a result current density increases. This process may be like a avalanche and transforms the whole sample into the normal state. This process effects like a overcurrent attached to the material in normal state and results in of overheating of the sample it may degrade due.to the formation of cracks, caves and stress |!,2j. indeed tho process like this was observed in experiments with the high density pulse current with the current density v2 The experiments have been performed to measure electrical properties of YBaCuO ceramic using pulse technique. The samples studied were prepared from industrial ceramic (produced in Russia - Verkhnyaya Pishma). The samples had form of parallelepiped with the dimensions of 15x2x1 mm1, density p *5.7 g/cm\ critical temperature 89K. Pulse current amplitude was of I mA, pulse time T^!0//S, porosity within 1 to i 00. The results of measurements of specific resistance are in good agreement with one of published [3j. However, critical temperature displacements for several grade was observed when measurements were performed under multiple thermal cycling within temperature range of 80-100K and temperature change speed of IK/min. The sample was under pulse current during thermal cycling. Indium contacts were detached from the sample after more then 10 times thermal cycling as a result of deformation and what's more deformation types were both flexure and torsional one. Perhaps these deformation are caused by stress which rises due to fast local heating of intergrain area were is weak link. Fast local heating may happen under the effect of pulse current and thermal capacity junction when transition from superconductive state to normal state occurs. It is discussed possible destroying mechanisms of superconductivity due to weak links and material degradation on thermal cycling under pulse current. 177 Section II. Rmlialion Phvsics of Condensed Vinitcr i Ivanov V.V., Paranin S.N.. Gavrilin 17. A Superconductivity: physics, chemistry, technique (SPCT), 1992, v 5. A's5, p. 895. 2. Ivanov V.V., Paranin S.N., - Superconductivity: physics, chemistry, technique (SPCT), 1000, v.3, ,V»4, p.647. .1 Ginsberg DM,. 'Physical Properties of High Temperature Superconductors", World Sciemific, New Jersey, 1989. UZ0201795 INFLUENCE OF GAMMA-IRRADIATION ON MICROHARDNKSS OF a-AI2Oj -BASED ( KRAMIC S Miiiniuov M.I., Nekrnsov P.M. Institute of Nuclear Physics, (fzhekistan Academy of Science, Tashkent, Uzbekistan Hardness and mechanical toughness of ceramic materials are important characteristics, determining conditions of the treatment and practical use Under the «hardness» we usually understand the degree of material resistance to external mechanical effect on sub-surface layer. Microhardness (H(ll was measured on samples of industrial ceramics, prepared on the base of o.-AliO), before and after gamms-inadiation (Co01) within doses .10 -10 R. The microhardncss was measured on the optical device PMT-3 with Wickers diamond 2 pyramid, thjsn calculated by the equation H(,=-- 1,854 i'/d , where P- is a load on the pyramid (») and d- a diameter of the pyramid print. Ceramics Contents of H,. MM H,, H,. type a-AI:63 • non- irrad. irrad. irrad irrad. irrad. 8 irrad. 10" \0\ ID I09 2 2 kg/MM" kg;'MM kg/MM kg/MM ki^MM2 Kg/MM MK 99% 11,2 12,5 17,8 5 5,6 14,4 GB-7 97% 7,7 14,5 15,7 5,5 6,2 8,3 UF-46 76% 5,5 ._ ' >'8 15 5 5,4 12,2 The table shows see Uvat the gamma irradiation causes the increase of 1l(l value for all samples. HM growth correlates with crystallite sizes and content of crystal phase in ceramics ..the GB-7 contains the largest crystallites of =10-30 |im size). Abrupt H „ increase with irradiation dose growth is especially noticeable in material with high concentration of crystal phase At further increasing of gamma- irradiation dee till 10° R, the value of l(,i reaches maximum, after that at 10 R dose it decreases and becomes even smaller than the initial non- irradiated value, and than grows smoothly at irradiation doses 10* - 109 R. Thai non-linear behavior of Mtt occurs lot all investigated ceramics samples. Hardening effect at ' 'Nurku/.icv (*. *\ unusov M.S., 'Pai/.iev A.A., 'Begmatov K. '' Slarodubtsev Physical -technical institute I 'zbekistan Academy of Sciences, Tashkent Institute of Nuclear Physics, Uzbekistan Academy of Science, Tashkent * I I.A.Arifov Institute The study of photosensitivity of silicon doped with various impurity is very important for developing radiation resistant semiconductor materials. The kinetics of the deep Os centres formation in Si -Os structures have been investigated at y-irradiation with the method of deep impurity level spectroscopy (DLTS) For this purpose the initial monocrystal samples of silicon marked as KEF (1-10 Q cm) and KDB (3-20 Q cm) were doped with osmium by the method of thermal diffusion at T-l 1OO-I25OC during 0 15-10 hours with the subsequent sharp cooling down The dose dependence of activation energy (E), cross seci'on of carrier capture, and concentration of the capture centres (N) at gamma-irradiation were measured in n- and p-Si UZ0201797 -SINGLE-CRYSTAL MDMS STRUCTURES OF OSMIUM DOPED SILICON 'N.urkuziev G, 'iVlirsagatov Sli.A., 2l*ai/iev A.A., 'Aitbocv B., Shamirziiev S.H. 1 Starodubtsev Physical -Technical Institute Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Tashkent ' U.A.Arifov Institute of Electronics, Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Tashkent The nature of structural non-uniformity arising in osmium doped single-crystal silicon has been investigated in this work. Single-crystals of p-type silicon with resistivity r~10 Q cm were used as basic material. The diffusion doping was carried out over all the surface of sample in atmosphere of argon at temperature 1250 C during 8-10 hours. In order to avoid influencing.of non-uniformity of the surface layer on the electrophysical characteristics, the tested sample was polished to the depth 200 |im. The representation of the investigated sample as a conditional transistor system has shown the difference of it's characteristics from the standard. Such difference may be due to current redistribution in the volume, or current leakage over a sub-surface layer. We measured some groups of volt-current-characteristics at different bias in the conditional transistor regime. It was shown, that despite deleting the inhomogeneous surface layer, the condicting channel is formed on the surface, which is 179 Section II Radiation Phvsics of Condensed NAtttcr controlled by polarity and tension of the applfed electrical field. It is supposed, that the formation of the conductive channel is conditioned with the residual non-uniformity of the ?ub-suriace layer, the depth which being determined by the doping profile oi' the tested sample. The current was established to be due to non-major carriers and to tloss' along the surface between the emiiter and collector contacts of the conditional transistor. UZ0201798 EFFECT OF y - RAYS ftO60Co, ON LIFETIME OF CARRIER IN DOPED P-TYPE SILICON Yunusov M.S., Jalelov M.A., Begmatov K.A., Odtlova N..I. institute of Nuclear Physics, Uzbekistan Academy of Science, Tashkent. Uzbekistan The aim of this work was to investigate the nature of lifetime, t, change in thermal processed and unprocessed p-SKB,Rh>, p-Si- B,lr • and p-Si 180 UZ0201799 Section II. Radiation I'livsics ol Condensed Viaik-i EFFECT Ol Y-RWS ON LIFETIME OF CARRIERS FN p-TYPE THERMALLY PROCESSED SILICON Yunusov M.S., Jaielov M.A., Kurbatiov A.O., Odilova N..I., "Sabirov S.S. institute of Nuclear Physics, Uzbekistan Academy of Science, Tashkent. (Uzbekistan '•'eryana I'olytehnical Institute, ('zhekistan In the literature the recombination properties of silicon have been studied quite extensively It has been shown that the lifetime of carriers (t) in samples depends on the specific resistivity, presence of dislocations, thermal piocessing and influence of penetrating radiation It is known that a radiation change of lifetime of non-equilibrium carriers is characterized by the degradation coefficient K, and described by the following expression l/x r - l/t,, + Krl ; where T,, and x are the lifetime of carriers before and after irradiation, respectively; F is the irradiation dose The coefficient Kr depends on a type of defects and their production rates, depth and occupancy of energy levels, cross-sections of trapping of electrons and holes However, behaviour of K, under irradiation at different concentrations of recombination centers in silicon was not investigated sufficiently. Lifetime x is an important parameter which provides information about electron-hole processes and the nature of radiation induced defects This work presents the results of investigations of the T changes due to thermal processing and ""Co y-irradiations of p-Si- B> samples. Chochraiski-grown p-type silicon samples with the specific resistivity of-10 O-cm and the dislocation density of~IO4 cm' were used as the initial samples Kecombinational centre concentration and r values varied by thermal processing in the range of 373-723 K in air, keeping for 30 minutes at each annealing temperature. Ohmic contacts were made by covering with alloy Sn(5O%)+In(5O%) at the temperature of -3l)3 K The samples were irradiated at y-rays power of 1100 R/s The lifetime of carriers was investigated by the stationary photoconductivity method. The silicon filters were used to generate charge carriers in bulk of samples Isochronal annealing of the thermally processed samples lias shown, that the defects responsible for decreasing of lifetime anneal in the temperature range of 423-673. K and the lifetime reaches the maximal value -10f s. The repeated thermal processing of these samples in the range of 473-523 K. results in decreasing T -lO'1' S. Such a behaviour of T during thermal processing, in our opinion, may be related to the presence of sonic uncontrolled impurities with a large diffusion coefficient in n-Si P> bulk It is established in n-Si , that at the same dose (4-> - 2I017 cm'2) of "/-irradiation the higher the initial value oft is, the faster is the rate of t decreasing. Ill UZ0201800 THEORY OF RADIATION DISORDERING AND ANNEALING SEMICONDUCTORS 'Oksengendler B.L., 2Ttnaeva N.N. 'institute of Nuclear Physics, Uzbekistan Academy of Science, Tashkent, Uzbekistan 'Institute of Polymer (liemistry and Physics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan A new model is proposed for radiation disordered and annealed semiconductors at ionic irradiation. According to this model disordered clusters are capable of self-annealing are Section !I Radiation Ph\sics ol"Condensed M.iHcs stabilized by aulo-localized polaronic exciton {(e^deformation)+ (h+deformation)! The stability of a polaronic exciton can be described by means of the method of total energy functionals* for autolocalized states In the expression for probability of generating and stabilizing e-h-pairs in the disordered area we take into account the probability for an electron being in the area of Onsagers radius: where n,, is the concentration of valent electrons, 2R is the diameter of the damaged area, Q - the probability of an electron inside the Onsager's sphere 2 /2 A, I _ A/," 'X H ..2 (-> The cross-section of iluctuon formation is defined as ''linn where (do/dE)dE is the differential cross-section of formation of disordered area in the range ofE:E+dE We can determine the kinetic equation for amorphous phase accumulation by means of fluctuons tin f n <• J ~L = N0ofl— - at • r 4 •» 4 •» The amorphization condition is: nr x—xRy - const, where the constant is close to I; — nliy is a volume of a fluctuon. We can define thereby the temperature dependence of the critical dose necessary for amorphization. So we have a two-prametric function as ,. ^2 H -K A here 0C and Bne" . 0 r>is I loocnr Fig. I. Comparison of the experimental data with the electronic theory (solid line) for B (linel) and P (Iine2) 182 Section H R;Kli;nioii Pinsics olCoiidcnsalMailer _ UZ0201801 THE INFLUENCE OF PULSE LASER RADIATION ON THE ( 11 ARA( TERISTICS OF Pb Sn Tc FILMS Onarkulov K.K., Kasulov R.T., Usupovn I).A. Icrgana Stc'e ( niwrsity, lergana, Uzbekistan In the modern technology of semiconductor instruments the methods of material treatment with ionizing irradiation become more important. The peculiar attention is paid to the modification of the iayer properties under effect of short laser pulses, when the influence of factors having non-thermal nature is possible along with the plain heating of films. This work presents the results of studying the influence of laser annealing (LA) on the kinetic properties of polycrystal Pbo.x SnoVTe films deposited on polyimid and mica substrate by thermovacuum technology at different temperatures of condensation The irradiation was carried out by industrial ruby laser operated in the O-switched mode (). r 0,69 u.m, t= 50 us). The density of energy in the laser pulse was regulated by focusing the beam. The kinetic coefficients of the films were measured after different number of laser pulses. The structure of films was studied before and after the irradiation with the help of the scanning electron microscopy. The conductivity a, the concentration of carriers Rn and the coefficient a of the thermal emf were measured in dependence on the number of laser pulses for the films deposited at different temperatures of the base. The results of the investigation have shown, that at increasing 'T\ the conductivity o of the films increases, and the coefficient a decreases Under irradiation the films by laser pulses both a and a decrease The electronic microscope study of the films have shown, that when the \c increases from 300 K to 600 K, the size of the crystallites increases from 5-6-102 to 10* Angstrem, and there observed the increase of a and the decrease of a with the increasing of "!\ in these films. The significant staictural changes during laser annealing occured in the films deposited on mica substrate at Tk ~ 570 K, i.e. at higher temperatures of condensation I It-re one can find the growth of monocrystal fragments, the size of which being many times larger than that of crystallites in the initial non-annealed condensates Two processes can be responsible for the crystallisation phenomena, from our point of view: J) the partial fusion of the condensate during laser annealing (partial, because the pulse energy is less than the threshold of fusion), and, 2) accelerated crystallisation in the solid phase. Reference 1. A V. Dvurechensky, G.R.Kachurin, E.S. Nidaev. L.S.Smirnov. Impulse Annealing of the Semi-conductor materials. M. Science. 1 c>82 2. A.T.Mamadalimov, K.E.Onarkulov, G K Parpiev. FTP, 30. 652, 19%. UZ0201802 PRODUCTION OF RADIATION STABLE FILMS BASED ON CdS Onarkulov K.I., Kasulov R.T. Fergana Slate University, Fergana, Uzbekistan Radiationai stability of film elements based on CdS alloyed with CdCln was studied depending on a dose of irradiation with gamma-quanta from the source "°Co with the intensity 183 Sucuon II. Radiation Physics of Condensed Matter of 1030 R/s. The .life-time of the irradiated film OclS : CdCl.i at the intensity of light L-1000 ik was !0" - 10* s. The g_amma-irradiation docs noi influence on the shadow resistance Rsi, , after the integral dose 10' R even stabilisation of R,-,, occurs for different samples, that cannot 7 be earned in the CclS CdCN films At small doses (1 •" 10 R) the vaiue of Rsi, / R 1,^,1 changes. It may be due to inhomogeneous distribution of admixture in the sample, in the process of alloying, local groups of impurity atom-t-defects appear. In the first spell of irradiation the defects begin migrating. During the further irradiation there reveal* radiation- stimulated diffusion of defects and admixture atoms from the areas with a larger concentration to those with iess concentration. This process leads to the equalized distribution of defects and admixture atoms within the volume of the film Pellicles precipitated on mica preserve the stability of photosensibility and R.,h until! the the integral irradiation dose 5-10' R, while the films obtained under the same technological cuiiditions on sapphir are workable (durable) only till D~\Q; R It should be noticed that alter finishing the irradiation, photoelectrical characteristics of the irradiated films begin to change towards their initial values they had before the irradiation Here the process of time annealing the radiation defects effects, that is connected with migration oi' the defects in the matrix of semiconductor. As the atomic mass oi'(\\ is more then that of S. C'd takes energetically profitable position in the crystal lattice. To move it will require much more energy then to move S atom. III II ill UZ0201803 DETERMINATION OF THE OXYGEN-COPPER RATIO IN HIGH- TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS BY GAMMA-ACTIVATION ANALYSIS 'Palvanov S.R., 2Rajabov O., 2lnoyatov A. Kli., 2Kliudoyberdiev A. ' I'acuity of Physics, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent 'Institute of Applied Physics of National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent The oxygen-copper ratio in Y-based high-temperature superconductors is" very important because it influences on superconductivity The results of determination of this ratio by gamma-analysis method are presented in this work Samples of YBaCuO were irradiated at the bremsstrahlung beam of high-current betatron SB-—50 at the maximal energy 30 McV. For increasing the density of the bremsstrahlung flux, we used the device for intra-chamber irradiation of samples in combination with pneumatic transport system K.5-2A [!']. The device is mounted 14 cm apart from the tungsten target and allows samples to be transferred in plastic containers without a risk of overheating. The induced radioactivity was measured by gamma-spectrometer equipped with a 63 cm3 Ge(Li) semiconductor detector. Gamma-spectra were studied with 4096-channel-analyzer LP-4900. The counting system had an energy resolution of 3,5 keV for 1332 keV y-line of 60Co. The radioactivity ratio Ao/Acu was obtained as a function of y at the values 0,5 and 1 for CU2O and CuO respectively. The values of Ao and Atll were determined from decay curve analyses by the least square method, the specified gamma-ray photopeak areas on computer. The absolute contents of Cu, Ba and Y were determined in the samples too with the detection 5 4 5 limits 10' g,'10' g, and 10' g respectively, estimated by.the criterion 3VNb, where Nt) - the number of background pulses under the peak. The time for determination of the oxygen- copper-ratio in the high-temperature superconductor was 50 min . 184 Section II. Radiation Plissics of Condensed Maitci I. Bahadjanov R D., Palvanov S.R.. Rajabov O., Sheiemeev G.L, Nucl. Exper Techniques, N2. 1907. p. !<•. 2 Currie LA. Anal Cheni. ll>68. \ 40, No. p.586. UZ0201804 COORDINATE AND SENSITIVE SELFCONTAINED OPTICAL RADIATION DETECTOR Rahiinov N.R., llntamov S.O. Fergana Polylechnuai Institute, Fergana, Uzbekistan !t is know |l,2] that coordinate-sensitive autonomous receiver of optical emission (C- SAROH) is designed for determining coordinates of a source of light emission. A. signal contains the information on direction and magnitude of movement of an emitting object. The distinctive feature the C-SAROE is, that its light-sensitive element is the film with anomalous photovoltage (APV) of some hundreds of volts at illumination The APV film is a funjtiona! converter transforming light energy into an anomalously high photovoltage. In this connection the study of external effect on properties of the films is important for application in different fields. 'i his work deals with the effect of gas discharge and thermal processing on electrophysical properties of CdTe films with APV Changes in Vapv. R and Jshc were investigated in these films. The APV CdTe films were obtained by spraying CdTe powder in vacuum of 10- 4 mm Hg onto glass substrate The base temperature varied from 100 to 300°C. The film thicknesses were within 0.8-1.5. |.im Some of the main parameters of AFV films are given in Table i. The obtained results show that Vapv, R and JS|1C strongly depend on the bombardment duration (Fig. 1). Figure 1 shows that Vapv and R reach their maximum after 10-min bombardment and since the 11-min the values of Vapv, R decrease. The short- circuit current (JS|1C) does not vinualiy depend on the bombardment duration. This dependence of Vapv. R and Jshc on the bombardment duration was shown in [I], where- effects of electronic and ionic bombardments on electrohp\sical properties of Si and Ce films were studied. •190 110 fo 5 ;Z(J qt •/ 3o 0,6 60 . ft* • % 30 0,1 • i Fig.l. The optimal regime for increasing the photo voltage was found. The obtained results indicate that under the effect of gas discharge on the film the main characteristics change. This seems to be related to absorption and desorption of oxygen atoms and effect of cathode 185 Section II Radiation Physic1; of Cniiilcnscd Mailer ions on the film properties. To clear up the behavior of AFV films after thermal treatment, we investigated the temperature dependences of the generated photovoltage Vapv and short- circuit current Jshc. and aiso resistance R of CdTe films The films were treated in vacuum and air tor one hour in the stove allowing us to measure temperature in volume up to -400°C. All papers [2, 3] related to the APV effect report that as temperature falls, the photovoltage and resistance of films increase In the films treated in the air, the photovoltaic first grew (Fig 2 curve i) and then monotonically dropped The short-circuit current decreased as the temperature increased to 2O0''C (V'\u 2. curve 2): film resistance at 50-100'C increased (Fig. 2. curve 3) •it /,• /•• M *-'•-• I • SWULHHI< 1 It was shown in [1-3] that the dependence of Vapv, R and Jshc of CdTe films at 20- I8O:C is of intricate character, for example, it decreased in some specimens and in the others. The change in APV parameters of CdTe films as a function of temperature seems to be due to their oxidation; i.e. partings appeared during thermal treatment, and the saturation occurred at certain temperature As a result, the resistance and photovoltage decreased monotonically in the films treated in the air. The increase in volumes of Vapv, R during their treatment in vacuum may be explained by oxygen desorption in the investigated specimens. ' Spray time (min) VC Temperature sub Vanv (V) 24 15 200 350 60 60 200 900 77 20 200 60 39 30 225 350 90 80 225 500 Coordinate - sensitive self-contained optical radiation receiver KHFi-lM (Fig. 3) is used to define coordinates of a light-emitting source. The input signal contains information on the direction and distance of the radiating object movement. KHFl-IM represents the fiim of the coordinate-sensitive sell-contained optical radiation receiver. The use of the films as light- sensitive elements having an anomalous photovoltage (APV) and generating several hundreds volts during illumination is very promising. Reference 1. Mirzamakhmudov T.M.. Rakhimov N.R., Gafurov U.A. Independent receiver of, optical emission AF-4M. Moscow, Vneshtorgizdat, 1990. 2. Mirzamakhmudov T.M., Rakhimov RR., Gafurov U.A. Coordinate- sensitive independent receiver of optical emission KHTI-IM Moscow, Vneshtorgizdat, 1991, p.2 3. Abdullaev R, PhD thesis, Tashkent, 1972. 186 Section II Radiation Ptnsics of ( ondenscd .Ybttcr ...... SEMl-TRANSPARFAT FLlil) ( OLOIRS SENSOR-ANALYSER Rjihiinov N.H., Hatntnov S.O. hergana Polywchwcit! Institute. Fergana, Uzbekistan The quality of hall-chromatic petroleum products (such motor oil, fuel oil, oil .ind etc.) which are produced by the petroleum refining industries depends on the colour of the production. There are some difficulties in monitoring of chromatic parameters of petroleum products and they depend on the conditions of technological process, 'this is because the control of colour in these devices is manufactured mainly in double channel draft. These methods are based on comparing of tested materials with the set of light colour filter or with the light absorption of petroleum products and it's registration as spectra f I.2J. The deficiency of existing devices is the number of light fihers which decrease the relieness and they can be used only under laboratory conditions Chromatic parameters form as objective amount of features developed in spectral conditions of generating (transmitting, reflecting) by emission and absorption as realized by visional sensation. There are two aspects in this definition: physical and psychophysica! closely connected with each other. The modern theory diotin-guiohing is based on selfless of trichomation of human vision It means that the visual apparatus involves 3 kinds of receptors which mostly respond on red, green and blue colours [3]. Accordingly, the chromatic parameter are mathematically expressed by the vector in three-dimentional chromatic space, and also the beginning of chromatic coordinate system. If we lake the vector units of three colours as red in, green gn and blue bn, we can express it as: O Rrn -i Ggn+Bbn where R, G, B are amount of colors. Curve composition of R G B colours is shown in Fig. 1 This system is called an empirical system, which is used as the main colours and the spectacle emissions of red colour (X=700 nm), green colour (546,1 nm) and blue colour (435.8 nm) XYZ system is shown by the phenomena system The meaning of this system is thai the spectacle of red colour with X = 600 nm consists of red, green components in the ratio of 14: 13 (Fig. 1), emission at X - 450 nm consists of red, green and blue colours in the ratio of 7.5: 11:35. In G G B curve system rn, gn, bn were built up for each of the main colours but differ from zero only with the ordinate of the curve. The principal scarcity in curve composition contained the number of negative curve section It is impossible to calculate colour in changing chromatic coordinates, that is why this system can not be used in colorimeters Semi - transparent fluid colour sensor - analyzer DS, - 5M (Fig 2) [3] is intended for automatic determination, of semi - transparent colour fluid (such as. cotton oil. juices, drinks etc) in technological progress. Rectangular pulses generated by the master oscillator 3f are applied to the trigger Tr input and one of the outputs of CCI and CC2 AND circuits, whereas another AND circuit input is connected with the corresponding trigger output. Divided pulses re alternately applied to the light - emitting diodes SID1 and SID2. Radiation fluxes passing through the analyzing semi-transparent fluid TDK are applied to the light-sensitive area of identical optical radiation detectors 1101-11 and nOM2. Photoelectric output 1TOH1 and nOH2 signals corresponding to XI and X2 fluxes, are applied to the input of photoelectric signals processing unit BOF.S. Proportionally to the fluid colour, the signal applied to the measuring apparatus IP. 187 Section 11 Radiation Phvsics of Condensed Matter It I • I • • A"' L u i til' '^(\W ; i' €. rv 1 j ] / ' 11 iv • tl III til O.I /If. I'll °* i- -fcltlO-t- r l.. T. A kftJO fcJLi >O.O Hg.l |-it:..? When necessary the signal from output of BOFS can be applied to automatic control system. The sensor - analyzer consists of the sensor a.»d the electronic unit connected vvhith cable. The main sensor units arc two identical quartz cell, one of which accommodates light- emitting diodes S1D1 and SID2, whereas another one -.optical radiation detector POI I, P012 The latters are connected with BOFo. The analyzed seaii-transparent fluid flows through the quartz cells. MAIN DATA Supplied voltage, V, frequency, Hz 220, 50 Powc • consumption, W, max 10 Limit of chromatic measurement (SNT).. 0.1-0,8 Sensitivity(SNT) Range ot operating temperatures, °C 4-85 Overall dimensions, mm: electronic unit .100x740x200 sensor 420x100x100 Mass. kg. max 5 Reference 1. Rahimov N.R., Gafurov U., Zokirov R. Fluid quality parameters control device. UFD- <*M. Moscow. Vneshtorgizdat, 1990, p.2 2. Ranimov N.R., Gafurov Lf., Akhunjanov M , Sensor-probe for moisture determination A3B-2M, Moscow, Vneshtorgizdat, 1990, p.2 3. Rahimov N.R., Gafurov U., Zokirov R. Semi-transparent fluid color sensor- analyzer 5M. Moscow. Vneshtorgizdat, 1990, p.2 UZ0201805 CHARACTERISTICS OF HIGHLY RESISTIVE LAYERS OF GaAs Sadaev B., Juraev Sh., Turaev Yu., Sharipov E., Kodirova N. Termez State University, Termez, Uzbekistan For several practical tasks, for instance, manufacture of ionizing radiation detectors, it is necessary to have the most perfect crystals with the minimal ievei of doping. 188 JSoclioii JI. Radiation (Musics of CoiHicnscu Matu:r _ The .omparafive analysis of epitaxial layers grown by different methods (gas phase, molecular beam, liquid phase) points out a relative less defectness of films obtained by the liquid phase epitaxy method (I.IM-). In this work there given some charact crest ics of highly- ohmic layers of GaAsCr , as material for detectors of ioni/.ing radiation Highly-resistive layer of gallium arsenid doped with chromium was grown by LPL- method in a vertical type setup. The [100] oriented n-Ga As plates were used as subtrates. The undoped layers of the films had electric type of conductivity and the concentration of surplus donor* was (No - N:i) - I015 cm \ Cromium atoms served as a compensating admixture. The full compensation of purplus donors was ensured by the proper dosage adding of extra pure Cr in the melt-solution. In this case the specific resistance of i - stratum reaches 101' 10K Q. cm (T---300 K). Depending on the technological growing conditions, the thickness of i - layer came to 80-100 urn. Homogeneity of the grown highly-ohmic layers was examined by means of measuring photo emf, photolurninescence of Cr (ch Vnv 0 82 eV). The experiment shows that acceptor Cr centers are responsible for the equilibrium conductivity of highly-resistive films. The spectra of photoconductivity of pin-structure, made on the basis of i-GaAs* Cr * have the resonance absorption maximum hv-~0,9 eV, similar to that in bulk scmiinsulator GaAs UZ0201806 THE INFLUENCE OF IONIZING RADIATION ON LUMINESCENT PROPERTIES OF MAGNESIUM CERAMICS SK-1 Ashurov M.Kh., Gasanov, E.M., Kim Gen Own, Saidakhmedov K.Kh., Avezov A.D, Institute ofNuclear Physics, Uzbekistan Academy of Science, Tashkent, Uzbekistan The ceramic dielectric materials are widely used in nuclear power facilities ans that's why the knowledge.of the influence of radiation on their properties is of interest, hi this work the action of ionizing radiation on magnesium ceramics was studied by luminescence methods. The following technics were used photoluminescence (PL), gamma-luminescence GL) and X-ray- luminescence (XL) for investigation of ceramics SK-I under the action of y radiation and combined y and neutrons from atomic reactor. On GL and XL spectra in all ceramic samples investigated at 300K the broad band with maximum X ~ 640nm is observed. No other bands were observed. GL measurements at 77K have shown the decrease of intensity of this band. The intensity of GL band changes slightly till y irradiation dose 10 R. The same behavior is observed during XL-measurements and it is necessary to note that there is photoluminescence in investigated ceramics samples. After reactor irradiation( neutron fluence 1017- I020 n/cm2) the quenching of GL and XL with fluence growth is observed. The kinetic studies of annealing of reactor-irradiated samples have shown the restoring of luminescence intensity after annealing at 1000 C. The analysis of thermal annealing of ceramics milled into powder in water solution of K.MnO4 and electron spin resonance data gave the basis for conclusion that the luminescence is due to Mn2' ions which are introduced as technological additions and also are available as non-controlled impurity. Neutron activation analysis has shown that the concentration of manganese was about 710'"' w.%. The supposition that luminescence is due to Mn2+ ions is confirmed also by literature data[l]. The decrease of luminescence intensity at 77 K is due to excitation energy transfer by mig.ation of non-relaxed excitons with their subsequent trapping by some quenching center, which scatters 189 Section II Radiation Ph\s>cs oi Condensed Matter the energy in phonons form or emits photons iri ini'iaied region in such cases the emitting centers most frequently arc Mn ions located neai optical non-active delects capable to localize exeiton. At temperatures above 200 K. the Ul. and XL intensities increase Possible mechanisms of luminescence of Mn ions in steatite ceramics as. well as the nature of iur.iinescence centers are discussed. Reference I A N Taiaeh.shan The luminescence of minerals, Kiev. Naukova dumka, 1078, 2% p. UZ0201807 THERMAL-RADIATION DEPENDENCE OF DIELECTRIC PARAMETERS OF ALUMINA-SILICA-GLASS SURFACE Miiiuinov M.I., Sandalov V.N. Institute of Nuclear J'hysics, Uzbekistan Academy of Science, Tashkent, Uzbekistan Ceramic dielectrics are used in nuclear energy and space apparatus. Therefore it Is necessary to know behavior of these materials under extreme conditions of irradiation. Since electric ceramics is a complex composite of crystalline and glass phases, it is an actual problem to understand, which of the phases is more stable under irradiation, and how the distribution of the phases over the bulk tells on material properties. The aim of this work was to study dielectric characteristics of the alumina-silica-glass, which has a composition similar to the glass phase o\' UF-46 ceramics The samples were being treated in vacuum at 870 K during 4 hours. Dielectric parameters Si and lg8 were studied at frequencies 3102 -r310'* Hz in air within 2°0-070 K prior to and in the course of gamma-irradiation in ''''Co-source Dose and dose rate varied within 3-10^ -r5IO" R and 200- 1750 R/s respectively Dielectric transmittance ej of this glass at temperatures T>430 K has a power dependence on frequency w. The power index a increases with the temperature growth and the dose power l*r The value of ei increases with the temperature growth and with lowering the frequency. The dependence Ei(o>) at T>430 K has a power law where a depends on temperature. At T'43O K the value of tg6, measured at some frequency©, reaches the maximum. The maximal values of tg§, measured at different « in the course of gamma-irradiation, change slightly, although it moves towards higher T with w growth. Similar dependencies tg5(T) in glasses are described by the mechanism of deformation loss because of small bending of oxygen bridges. Dielectric loss at thermal polarization process in ionic dielectrics reaches the maximal value at com-l/to where xo= l/27tvexp(-Eps/kT) - is the most probable relaxation time for the polarization process, v- frequency of eugen ion vibrations around equilibrium position, Eps - activation energy for thermal ionic polarization process. That is why, having built up the dependence lnca~(l/T), it is possible to determine the energy Eps and the frequency v For the non-irradiated glass surface Eps turned out 0.89 eV at v=76 GHz. The values of tg5 in a low temperature range increase with the dose rate increasing, and the maxima smear. The calculated value of Eps decreases from 0.85 eV at 212 R/s to 0.79 eV at 1750 R/s together with decreasing of v from 60.3 GHz to 18 GHz. The observed smearing of maximum in tg6(T,PY) under the irradiation can be explained if to suggest, that radiation 190 Scclion I! Kncliatioii Phxsics ol (onclcnsc;! M KU.i _. induced eh ctron-bole-pairs pnnicipate both in ilie polarization and in transport current. The number ol'particles participating in polarization under irradiation increases abruptly, but since the activation energy for polarization process decreases, the maxima! values o\' tgfi remain comparable to the initial ones Hie decrease in I:,,, causes the decrease in atom vibrations around the localization place UZ0201808 X-RAY ANALYSIS OF ELEMENT COMPOSITION OF GAAS FILMS (iR(!\VN ON SILICON SUBSTRATES BY LIQUID PHASE EPITAXY Snruu'v B., 'Mukhaniedsliiiin N.M., Saidov A.S., Leydermiui A.Yu., Kutliitiratov A.. Davlatov 1.1. h'l'l SI-'A «i'hysics Sun» ASM1. Tashkent, Uzbekistan ''Institute of Nuclear I'hysies, Uzbekistan Academy of Science, Tashkent, Uzbekistan Recently because of economical reasons structures fabricated on Si substrates have become of great interest, since silicon has some advantages over other semiconductor materials, such as mechanical strength, low density, high termal conductivity, cheap cost and so on Therefore, silicon mono- and policrystal substrates are generally used for decreasing the cost of photoelements This paper presents the results ol' investigations carried out on conditions of growing of epitaxial layers of Si P, g/cm3 D, nm C,% As Ga Sn Polv 5.83 2.0 465 50.8 2.7 Mono 5.81 13 47.7 49.7 2.6 Poly 5.83 96 38 5 61.0 0.5 Mono 5.83 9 2 38.3 57.9 3.8 Poly 5.83 2.2 41.5 57.2 1.3 Mono 5.82 2.8 420 56.0 2.0 Errors of determination of the measured values were not more than 0.05. The obtained results show that (Si2)i-x(GaAs)x solid solution films grown on mono- and polycrystal Si 191 Section II Radiation Physics of Condensed Miller substrates can replace expensive GaAs ones In future high effective solar cells can be made by means of growing of (Si2)i.x(GaAs)x solid solution on the base of Si. By forming p-n junction in the mono- and polycrystal Si substrates with the upper GaAs solar cells for convertion quants passing through the upper layer cascade solar cells can be obtained It will widen the range of spectral responds UZ0201809 1 HE THEORY OF EFFECTIVE FIELED ON Mn NUCLEI IN NiMnSb ALLOY Tamaev S.T.. Bizhigitov T.B. TarazState l!mwrsit\ hy.if.Kh. Dulaty, Tumz, Kazakhstan There exists the beliefe about the electronic structure of exchangeable metals and alloys with magnetic properties, which is based on the results of experimental work, that the local field on a nucleus is limited by the interaction of the nucleus with its electronic environment. The operator of infraction of Sb and Mn nucleus with an electron can be written as follows 5 H -•= -gn, M,,nN{8n/3 8(r)I-S t r'l (L-S) + 3r (1 r)-(S-r)} (I) where L., S, 1 - are the corresponding operators o) orbital and spin moments of elections around the considered atom and nucleus spin of Sb a.id Mn, (ijt is the magneton of Bohr, U,N - nuclear magneton, g- electronic and gi nuclear factor of the spectroscopic splitting for Mn and Sb atoms. The shift of the energetic level; caused by supenhin binding which are described by the hamiltonian (1) may be interpreted as the interaction of the effective magnetic field with the spin magnetic moment of Mn or Sb nucleus. In the case of Mn atom besides the !M fei mi-contact interaction of polarized electrons of conductivity with spin magnetic moments of Mn nucleus, there xist other sources of effective magnetic feild on Mn nucleus, as it follows from the general investigations of ferromagnetic metals and alloys of ferum group 11,2] : a) the polarization of the ionic base, b) the contact interaction with the 4s - electrons partly situated in the 3d- band, c) dipole interaction of nucleus with 3d - elections, which is realized in NiMnSb alloy, d) the contribution from non-frozen orbital moments of 3d electrons The spin polarization of the ionic network of Mn gives rise to non-zero total spin density on Mn nucleus, all closed S-shells of Mn atom contribute into the value of | (p (0)| 2. The total superthin field II, is the lesult of supei position of the deposits of all S-shells: '' ¥ ¥ (2) wnere S is the total spin of Mn ion Thus, the supcrthin fu'ld in lenomagnetics is coniplnely caused by the spin density on the alornis nucleus Reference 1 Watson It I . I K-eimin A I I'hys Rev 12 5 202 7. l%l 2 I ii-cniaii A I Watson K I I'hy.-* Rev 1 V y ll_R.idiaiionJJhvsics ol '('ojidensed Mailer _ NEUTRON AND X-RAY DETRACTION INVESTIGATION OF ANIMAL AND DINOSAUR HONK'S CRYSTAL z 2 'Balagurov A.M., Batdcmhcrcl G., 'Chtilicm I)., J!MICSS II., Saugan D., 4"I'ashnu'ioy M.Vu. 'Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia "Idepartment of'Physics, Mongolian National University, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia s Material Research School, Technical I'niversily oflktrmsuidl, 6-J2S7 Darmstadt, (lermany 'institute of Nuclear Physics, Uzbekistan Academy of Science, Tashkent, Uzbekistan This work is devoted to the compaiative studies of microscopic structure of vertebral (horned cattle, sheep and dinosaur) bone mineral For research Bones were brought from domestic animals ofall geographical regions of Mongolia, except the dinosaurs bone remains discovered in the Gobi desert, Mongolia The ages of these bones vary in astronomical scales, because dinosaurs were living oi Harth during the period of Mesozoic era, 50-250 million years ago It becomes interesting for natural science history and biological evolution, in particular. Our research was aimed ;tt clarifying the. matter of existence or absence of 'lomology in bone crystal structure of dinosaur and different animals, since the possibility for comparative study of differences in molecular structute of dinosaur's and animal's organisms is very limited. The understanding of homology has different meanings in various branches of science: chemistry, biology, physics and mathematics However, in all cases homology means presence of genera! characteristics describing individual representatives of different groups Complicated notion of homology is associated with real structure, but notion of symmetry is related to ideal structure In this work, however, we associate the notion of homology with identical crystal syngonic of different objects The neutron diffraction and X-ray methods have been used for bones study, identifying crystal structure and evolution of mineral materials A domination of low crystal syngonic (>p.gr.lJoy'ni) phase Ca^POijt (OH, F, II) in the cattle and sheep bone and fossil dinosaur bone has been determined Crystal phases in those bones have identical structure (homology) The results of the investigations could be important for natural science, such as biological evolution and geology and useful for medical practice and radiobi.ological problems connected with vertebrate it'id human UZ0201811 NEUTRON DIFFRACTOMEi ER FOR INVESTIGATION OF MK ROSAIYH'LES 'Balagiirov A.M., *b in V.T., JGluikov V.I*., 'kozleuko O.P., 'Nauiuov I.V., 'Philonov S.L., 'SavtMiko H.N., 'Somenkov V.A., 2Yul I rank Laboratory of Neutron Physics, JINK, Dubna, UUSSJU 'Institute of Nuclear Physics, Uzbekistan Academy of Science, 'Tashkent, Uzbekistan Russian Scientific ( enter, Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, Russia Neutron scalieiiiu' is a powerful method which allows to obtain information aibout strut'Une and dynamics oi condensed matter Magnetic transitions and structural phase transitions in systems coutaiuinu atoms with small or close atomic numbers and dynamics of Section 11 Radiation Physics of Condensed Mailer condensed matter can be studied only by the neutron scattering method. Neutron scattering investigations have a wide spectrum of applications not only in condensed matter physics but also in material science, chemistry, biology and natural sciences Therefore there are more requirements to parameters (resolution, highlight etc.) and to options of neutron diffracrometcrs In this connection and in view of main directions of condensed matter physics we designed special technique for neutron .scattering experiments with powder mictosamples under high pressure A time of (light neutron diffractometer is placed at the beamline N 12 of the IBR-2 pulsed reactor (Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics, JINR, Dubna, Russia). The DN-12 allows to perform experiments with samples of very small volume and it is important for study of highly active irradiated samples A new neutron diffractometer can be used for elastic and inelastic neutron scattering expei.ments under high pressure, and also for studying magnetic phase transitions and magnetic structures under high pressure (up to 20 GPa) The main parameters of the DN-12 are listed in Table 1 Beam supermirror guide tube Input and output guide aperture 120x10mm2 and 60x10mm2 After tube collimation 1-IOmm Moderator-sample distance 27.0 m Sample-detector distance from 400 to 565 mm Thermal ne>.tron tlux at sample position -2x10'' n/enr/sec Pressure on sample: v ith sapphire anvils 5-10Gpa with diamond anvils l5-2OGpa Typical sample volume, mm' 0,5-5 Ranges: wavelengths 0.8- 0 A scattering angles from 45" to 135° d|lki -spacing 0 6-13 A Detectors two circular batteries of 16 'He-counters 12 mm in diameter and 70 mm in lenght Resolution,(Ad/d, d=2A): for 28=yO°; 0022 for 26-135° 0.012 UZ0201812 RADIATION - STIMULATED DIFFUSION OF GAS IN SILICON DIOXIDE Togzhigitov K. I'maz Slaw University, Taraz, Kazakhs/an The character of diffusion is defined by the composition and the structure of condenced matter, measuie and foim of merged atoms and molecules and by interaction of gas with substance Th«; majority of experiments on study of diffusion, fulfilled novvdays, were run with the help of simple gas 104 Section II. Radiation Physics of Condensed M.Hict Speed of gas diffusion depends on many processes in porous catalizaters ,ind sorbents. Different methods are used in order to measure the coefficient of diffusion of gas. Diffusion of gas is investigated by the mass (MCX-4) (background of the gauge is equal to 0.75, its pressure is I 33-10' Pa, background with samples 5 0 is defined by the pressure 2.66 Pa) After starting the process, the pressure of gas in first volume increases to at- mosphere's one, its period depends on time of gas motion and is equal to: for first sample -2s, slomed -2.5 s, rayed-dose I01' neutron • sin'1 6 s For the samples of double acid of silicon merged by iron and radiated by dose I015 neutron • sm'2 the time of gas is equal to 12 s An account of time which states the regular stream was defined by the coefficient of RSD tritty in outcome and merged double acid silicon according to formula: n- SI where d is thickness of layer of sample, P| is the pressure in moment of the measurement, Pmax is the pressure under stated regular stream. At is the time of increase of pressure from Pi to Pniax. UZ0201813 •ORIGIN OF STRONG INCREASE OF BIOTITE MAGNETIZATION UNDER NEUTRON AND PROTON IRRADIATION Usiiianov M.KIi., Yugay V.I*., "Sharipov Sh.lYI. Higher hire-Technical School, Tashkent, (Izhakistan 'National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan The interest in studying radiation effects in biotite is stimulated by potential possibility for its application- as a natural indicator of nuclear radiation exposure Early we discovered that the biotite magnetization increases strongly under neutron and proton irradiation [I]. In this report we present interpretation of this phenomenon. The problem was studied by comparing effects of 14 MeV neutron and 3 MeV proton irradiation, and also thermal treatment at 1273 K for 15 minutes on biotite. It has been shown that irradiation by neutrons and protons increases the biotite magnetization, aijd thermal processing reduces it. However the above-mentioned radiation effect also involves thermal processes The biotite magnetization increase produced by the neutron and proton irradiations arises as the result of increasing the content of magnetic phase in biotite samples, which is magnetite or solid solution of magnetite and hematite. This magnetic phase, as suggested, forms in thermal spike as the result of a process involving: 1) the transition of biotite into the melted state in the thermal spike ; 2) arising of high-temperature phase states at cooling the melt down to the melting temperature; 3) «freezing» of these phase states due to rapid cooling (quenching) of the thermal spike. Insight to origin of the strong increase of biotite magnetization under neutron and proton ii radiation is of importance for use of biotite as a component of building materials in investigation of consequences of the above-mentioned irradiations of buildings and constructions. Refei elites I Usmanov M.Kh., Yuuav V I*, Granovskiy A B el a) Doklady AN UzSSR. 1989, No 8, p. ' 195 Section II. Radiation Phvsics of Condensed Matter INFLUENCE OF RADIATION ACOUSTIC PRESSURE ON « STRUCTURE OF METAL THIN FILM COMPOSITE SYSTEMS Siii'senhinov Sh.Sli., Yar-Miicluimcdova G.Sh. Kazakh Stale University, A/maty, Kazakhstan The traditional electrolytic sedimentation of composite films in combination with diffraction of acoustic waves allowes to obtain interesting results. The interference of acoustical waves definitely exerted influence on shaping of allocation ofdispersible particles in a metal lower die. It is established, that changing an acoustic wavelength, the shape of holes, utilising some diffraction gratings with different directions of perforation it is possible to obtain filamentary, gauze, circular allocation of a dispersed phase in compositions. Having exposed such coatings to chemical-thermal treatment they obtain compositions in a shallow layer with miscellaneous distribution of a reinforcing component Thus, targeted regulating pattern of coatings, it is possible to influence on their properties The particle which has reached the cathode, force of radiation pressure will nestle on its surface and can not settle by gravity If the process of diffraction will occur simultaneously to process of electrosedimentation of metal, crowded by forces oC pressure to the cathode of panicle will be overgrowed by metal, derivating a composite electrolytic coaling. It - analogy of "quiescing", which one is obtained in conditions of an impondetability by programmed allocation ofdispersible particles in bulk of electrolyte It is necessary to mark, thai fixation ("quiescing") the allocations ofdispersible particles in conditions of an imponderability and substantial conditions have some distinctions, which one have not an effect for the idea Matter that in conditions of an imponderability of sedimentation is not present Therefore "freezinity" is true, and in earth conditions it is dynamic. An essence it that in conditions of presence of gravity of an particle of suspension settle and intersect area of maximas and minimums diffraction grating. Thus, the horizontally operational forces of radiation pressure •that act, do not act on them. However, the particles reached surfaces of the cathode, but their not exited from areas of maximas, will not sedinn-ntate already, because they will be pressed by forces of radiation pressure to the cathode Because of changeover maximas exited from band of particles, the sedimentation introduces others, the common pattern of allocation is saved. Dynamic «freezinity» also consists of it an entity: despite of sedimentation, the dispersible particles are arranged only on maximas of a diffraction grating. If to apply a diffraction grating with parallel slots, then on a surface i.f the cathode the striped allocation of a dispersed phase will be obtained Having cut off the roiling device 6 and having waited, when all particles of a dispersed phase in an electrolyte will cake, it is possible to include the power source 5 and to conduct electrosedimentation of pure metal In relation from nature of dispersed phases, density and its distribution are possible to obtain a complex of such properties, which one of the conventional materials can not have The targeted shaping of pattern of composite coatings opens out broad capabilities as for perfecting existing constructions itself bulk from conventional materials, and for development of new constructions and master schedules operating in apart extreme conditions of heightened loads and chatterings, hostile environments, radiation irradiations, sharp thermal gradients, pressure etc We put the purpose - to elaborate and to investigate an essentially new mode of obtaining of compositions in a shallow layer permitting to influence on a structure and pattern of coatings on the one hand and to eliminate complexity and nuiltioperationity with another. Usage of a combination of diffraction o( acoustic waves and conventional electiosedinieiiuition allowed to obtain definite distribution'of a dispersed phase on a coated surface. On modern representations for a successful deposition CEC the fulfilment of three basic conditions is necessary: deiivtiy ofdispersible particles to the cathode, enough their Section II Riidiation Physics of Condensed Mailer long-lived delay and closure of the panicles, consolidated on the cathode, by electrosettled metal The omission even of one of these conditions is a severe hardle for formation CEC. From all existing now modes, most theoretically ensures fulfilment of all three conditions - deposition CEC in conditions of an imponderability, when gated in an electrolyte of an particle do not sedimentate. Thus it is possible to receive laminated CEC, in which one the composite beds alternate from in layers pure metal. Having exposed such workpiece to chemical-term treatment obtain composites in a shallow layer with parallel packing of filaments of the reinforcing component. The applying of diffraction of acoustic waves is simultaneous with electrosedimintation of compositions allows to obtain demanded distribution of a dispersed phases regulated by a modification of length of an acoustic wave and usage of diffraction gratings with the different shapes of a perforation UZ0201814 PARAMETRIC X-RAY RADIATION OF LOW ENERGY ELECTRONS FROM PYROL1TIC CRYSTAL Adischev Yu.N., /ahaev V.N.. Kaplin V.V., Kazin S.V., Uglov S.R., Ku/.netsov S.I., Ktinashcnko Yu.P. Nuclear Physics Institute, Tomsk I'olyl.'chnic University, Tomsk, Russia This work prolong an investigation of the parametric X ray radiation (PXR) of electrons with energy 5 7 MeV from, pyrolitii crystal, which was started in [1] at Tomsk Nuclear Physics electrons microtron In order to get more reliable data we improved the setup and experimental technique The progress is as follows: I) The thickness of a target was decreased from I mm to 0 3 mm 2) 1; was created magneto - induced sensor of the accelerator electron current, which does not destroy the electron beam and allows to normalize the measurement onto number of electrons, passing trough the target. 3) ll was constructed the vacuum tube for X -• ray radiation which allows to turn out the air influence on the shape ol' measured radiation. 4) New modern detector of X - ray radiation "Amptek" XR 100 - CdTe with energy resolution better than I keV was used. The experimental setup is similar to one, which was used in [I]. During the measurement the set of X- ray intensity spectra were obtained for different angles ©0 of crystal with respect to electron beam. The detector was placed at angle ©n r-2©B --27° tr n e i Cj y, KeV with respect to electron beam. Here, ©n is Bragg angle. The figure shows the measured spectra for ©o ~@u 197 Section II Radiation Physics of Condensed M.mcr + (symmetrical position of a crystal, solid line) and ®0^&u 7" (phone spectra from disordered crystal position, dots). The authors are grateful to Dr. M Piestnip for the technical assistance. This work is supported by the grant from RFBR Ss 00-02-17647. I. V.V. Kaplin et al Proceedings of the RRtIPS-95 (1995) p. 28 •I UZ0201815 KINETICS OF RADIATION-INDUCED CENTRES IN SOME IONIC CRYSTALS zSaliikhi(dinova M.K.. 'Khohrynkov V.I., Hlsupov A.A. 1 Technofog)' In.stititle, St.-Petersburg, Russia ~Samarkand Slate University, Samarkand, Uzbekistan Intensive development of nuclear energetics stimulates wide use of various materials in the high-power radiation field, which raises before science a problem of knowledge of the radiation-induced phenomena happening in solid bodies by acting a large doze ionizing radiatior In elucidation of the structure properties and generation mechanism of the primary radiation point defects some significant successes have been obtained but formation and the structure of these extended radiation defects representing coagulation of the point defects is studied insufficiently. In this connection investigations of optical properties of some alkaline-colloid crystals (ACC) subjected by radiation with perspective application of them as the sensors of nuclear and cosmic radiation is .the case of interest High radiation sensitivity of ACC, simpicity of their structures, optical transparence in wide spectral invervals allow us to study many physico-chemical processes of the materials. The work deals with kinetics of directed y-radiation centres in crystals of CsBr activated by ions of Tl and In. There are three activated absorption bands in the absorption spectrum of CsBr-Tl crystals. Irradiation results the appearance of additional directed radiation bands. With increasing of the absorption doze the absorption bands disappear which are stimulated by the aggregate centres of '/'/I' and then a wide absorption band with the maximum 300 nm increases. This band can be attributed to the panicles of metallic thallium. The increasing of irradiation temperature results the increase of effective aggregate point defects in mixtures according to the following scheme: Tl !l£ TfJZL^/Tfb •(Tf),, Where// can reach 10*+ I04. The main process causing the formation of A" centres resulting the formation of collodial panicles stimulated by radiation is migration of activated atoms to the cation vacancies After irradiation by y-rays CsBr-ln there appears a wide absorption band in the region of 270 nm The thermal annealing results a decay of the band and an intensive increase in 250 nm band. If irradiation at 300 K results the appearance of In"- centres but over heating may result the formation of more complex colloidal particles. When using CsBr-Tl and CsBr-ln crystals as the detectors of nuclear and cosmic radiation it is necessary to take in lo consideration the absorption capability of scintillation radiation stimulated by coloured centres 19S MPNP'Ol Section III Activation Analysis, Radiochemistry, Production and Application of Isotopes, Nuclear Instrumentation and Nuclear Safety UZ0201816 Section III. Activation Analysis. Radiochoinistry. Production «ind Application ol Isotopes. Insirumcntfttion ;ind Nuclear Safciv _ NUCLEAR AND RELATED METHODS IN COLD INDUSTRY Kisl A.A., Ssittsirov G.S., Bnkiev S.A. Institute of Nuclear Physics I Uzbekistan Academy of Science, Tashkent, Uzbekistan Nuclear techniques and methods were. are. and will be very important for many fields of science, agriculture, industry, etc. Among other examples one can remember role of the nuclear medicine (radiotherapy and radiodiagnostic methods) or semiconductors (communication, computing, information, etc.) industrial production of which has been on initial stage based on activation analysis. One of very illustrative examples is application of nuclear methods in gold industry. This is given by favorable nucleai properties of gold Uzbekistan is one of the main producers of gold. Open-cast mining and hydrometallurgic extraction (using leaching by cyanide and sorption by ion-exchange resin) is the most used technology. The typical gold ores are sulfide and contain elevated concentration of As and Sb. That needs special technology of gold extraction. Importance of gold for Uzbekistan economy is a reason why for many years studies concerning gold production are carried out. These studies include also nuclear methods and their results are successfully used in gold industry. The present paper gives a brief overview for period of 25 years. For many reasons most of these studies were not published before completely. Despite some results are obtained decades ago we decided to present the overview as an example how nuclear methods can cover requirements of the whole process We are trying to sort these studies according to methods and applications. The present paper includes role of nuclear methods in gold prospecting (including not widely used ones like the hydrochemical, biogeochemical, athmochemical, and other). Even the invention of existing deposits will be done using nuclear methods. Very important (or should be) are nuclear methods in gold ores sorting or beneficition. The most illustrative is usage of gold determining device based on (y,y*) reaction with productivity of about 400,000 representative samples a day. 7Tie present paper gives other illustrations oil possible applications of nuclear methods which include the neutron absorption, instrumental activation analysis, neutron activation autoradiography, the radioactive tracers technique, etc Nuclear techniques are very important not to monitor the present technology, but to evaluate the new ones using the radiotracers. We believe that (and we have some experience in this field that there are a lot of fields of nuclear methods application in metallurgy). 201 Section III. Activation Analysis, Radioclicmistry, Production mid ApplicDiou of Isotope UZ0201817 Instrumentation and Nuclear Safety MODERN AUTOMATED SYSTEMS FOR CONTROL OF ORE QUALITY AND ORE PREPARATION BASED ON Nl CLEAR PHYSICS METHODS OF ANALYSIS, FIELD TESTING, SORTING AND SEPARATION Kuclierskv N.I. Navni Mining and Metallurgical Comhinal, Navoi. Uzbekistan The Republic of Uzbekistan possesses really unique mineral recourses. That is why, starting practically from the first days after it acquired its independence, the government of the Republic placed the mining industry among preferential branches of national economy. This made it possible not only to survive and remain at the achieved level of production of such tradable products as gold, uranium, oil, natural gas, copper and others but also to significantly increase their output It is necessary to note that we had to increase production of minerals under conditions of switch of our economy to the market orientation This challenged the necessity to improve the efficiency of commercial-scale mining In the Navoi Mining and Metallurgical Combinat (NMMC), which is a top leader in the mining industry of Uzbekistan, the objective to improve the productive efficiency is realized by a complex of actions aimed to rc-equip the production facilities and to introduce the up-to- date scientific and technical solutions into all functional circuits of the sophisticated integral nature-and-man made system "Deposit-Mine-MiH". In the series of numerous advanced technologies developed and introduced at the open- pits operating at Muruntau, Kokpatas, Daugyztau gold deposits, at Djeroy-Sardara deposit of phosphate and at uranium deposits of the NMMC the computer-aided systems for control of mined ore quality, its up-grading and processing arc of special importance In their turn, their efficiency is essentially dependent on the information supply systems in the primary production cycle. Systems for express-analysis of gold ore, direct determination of uranium in uranium ore in the 1SL wells, pre-upgrading of gold and phosphorite ores are developed in the NMMC based on nuclear physics methods T'>e following innovations has proved to be most significant by the date: • Gamma activation method of determination of gold in geological samples with a time rate of 17 sec. per one analysis. The annual capacity of the laboratory is 350-400 thousand samples. • X-ray and radiometric large-portion sorting and per lump separation of sulphide gold ore in ore transportation line implemented at the Kokpatas and Daugyztau as well as per truck radiometric sorting and advanced radiometric testing in selective mining of phosphorite ore. The enrichment factor, i.e. increase in the element concentration, is 1,2 - 2,5 For the phosphorites the concentration of phosphoric anhydride in the ore concentrate after per tmck sorting increases from 17% - 18% to 21% to 23%. • Direct determination of uranium for deposits with complicated radiological features based on well logging by prompt ilssion neutrons in the ISL uranium wells with computer processing of obtained data. The above list of nuclear physics methods applied in the NMMC is far from being complete and the listed examples refer just to mining sector of its activities. 202 Section 111. Activation Analysis. Radiochcmistry. Production and Application u!" Isoitm UZ.UZU i o i o Instrumentation ;md Nuclctur Safety __ _ _ ABOUT SOME RESULTS OF IMPLEMENTATION OF PROGRAM ON PREVENTION OF NUCLEAR SMUGGLING ACROSS REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN Yuldashcv B.S., Pctrcnko V.D., Avezov A.I). Kahinov Yu.N., Koz'inenko A.V., I'odkovyrin A.I., Reinecv A.Sh., Shipilov N.N., 'Djalilov S.T. Institute of Nuclear Physics Uzbekistan Academy of Science, Tashkent, Uzbekistan 'Slate the Customs Committee Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan Republic of Uzbekistan is iocated on the cross-roads of strategic routes between Europe, Russia and Asia and that is why the problem of prevention of nuclear smuggling across the Republic is of great importance The global provision of all possible sites smuggling is complicated by the existence of about 200 customs and border guards check-points. That is why it was decided as initial step to equip several most valuable sites with radiation monitoring devices. It concerns fust of all the border with Kazakhstan, where intrusion of radioactive materials from Russia is possible, and the border vvi'h Turkmenistan where the possibility of transportation of radioactive and fission materials to the "rogue" countries striving for possession of nuclear weapons and where acting such maniacs as Usarna Ben Lfi'Jen longing to get nuclear bomb in their hands is possible The program "Demonstration project of prevention of nuclear smuggling across Uzbekistan" designated for working out the methods and means of fighting nuclear smuggling was elaborated. This program is financially supported by USA in the frames of basic agreements between Uzbekistan and United Slates for strengthening border control. According this project at customs post "Gisht-Kuprik" the vehicles radiation monitors providing 100% control of vehicles entering Uzbekistan from Kazakhstan were installed. Taking into account the high probability of transit of nuclear materials to Near East counties entry to Turkmenistan at Customs post "Alat" is equipped with devices for radiation monitoring of cars and trucks. The possibility of transportation of radioactive and fissile materials by air-flights was also taken into account and that's why the departure at Tashkent International Airport is controlled by radiation monitors All data on radioactivity detection are recorded in computer memory and video-surveillance system is out putting the vehicles data (type, plate number etc ) In accordance with this program in 2001year all equipment should be installed and put into operation and acquisition of data of radiation monitoring will commence. The analysisof all the data obtained at these three sites will help essentially for future elaboration and equipping by radiation monitors of other Customs and Border guards posts in Uzbekistan. UZ0201819 OPTIMIZATION OF THE METHOD FOR CHEMICAL INTRODUCTION OF IODINE-125 ISOTOPE INTO SILVER SURFACES Abdukayuinov M.N., Chistyakov P.G., Shilin E. "RaJiopreparat" Enterpiise, INP AS, Tashkent, Uzbekistan The work is devoted to a problem of Iodine-125 isotope binding with Silver carriers that are used for the therapeutic purposes. Section III. Activation Analysis, Radiochcinistry. Production and Application of Isotope. Nuclear Instrumentation and Nu.Icar Safety At present the comparatively new method of therapv to: sonic forms of cancer is based on a direct injection of radiation micro sources into a tumor The Silver carriers with the Iodine-125 included into the inert envelope (so called seeds) have proved to be such sources. There are several ways of Iodine-125 isotope binding to Silver surfaces. They are divided into direct and indirect methods. The direct one is electrolytic precipitation of lodine- 125 isotope on a surface of Silver rods or microsphercs. The Silver carriers act as cathodes on which the insoluble Silver Iodide-125 forms. At indirect ways, on a Silver surface, a layer of Silver Chloride is preliminarily created (electrochemically or chemically), then the carrier is placed into the solution with an Iodine-125 isotope The Chloride anions leave the Silver Chloride layer and dissolve in the solution while the Iodine-125 anions bind with Stiver forming less soluble Silver Iodide The above mentioned approaches are not free from some disadvantages. For example, a method of the direct electrolytic precipitation of Iodine-125 isotope to Silver requires very accurate setting the current and voltage Otherwise, there can be collateral electrode effects (of the solvent) that will result in decreasing an Iodine-125 incorporation into a Silver surface. The indirect methods in which to prepaie the Silver Chloride layer the electrolysis is applied have the same imperfections as a direct electrolytic Iodine-125 incorporation In addition to this, it should be noted that an anion exchange is a time consuming process (the process lasts about 15 hours). The ways in which the Silver Chloride layer is formed chemically are free from the electrolytic iodination imperfections, however, they have an ion exchange stage as well the above mentioned procedures that slows down considerably manufacturing silver carriers with Iodine-125. We have determined the conditions ensuring a high efficiency of direct chemical binding of Iodine-125 isotope with Silver surfaces The modified method provides a high efficiency of Iodine-125 incorporation into Silver: not less than 95.0 % for the ratio up to 10 mCi per 1 Silver rod of 3 x 0.5 mm with average statistic deviation no more than 15 %. The method does not require expensive equipment and materials The duration of the iodination process is several minutes. At present the technology of production of the Silver carriers labeled with Iodine-125 isotope based on the advanced method is developed at the «Radioprepatat» Enterprise. UZ0201820 DEVELOPMENT OF THE MODIFIED KIT OF REAGENTS "IRMA-M-H BsAg-1125" FOR DETERMINATION OF THE HEPATITIS B VIRUS SURFACE ANTIGENE IN HUMAN SERUM AND BLOOD Abdukayumov M.N., Chistyakov P.G., Garaysliinn G.R. "Radiopreparat" Enterprise, INP AS, Tashkent, Uzbekistan The poiyclonal antibodies to HBsAg used earlier were replaced to mouse monoclonal antibodies to HBsAg for preparing antibodies to HBsAg labelled with Iodine-125 to improve the characteristics of the kit of reagents "IRMA-HBsAg-l 125". Of antibodies to HBsAg labeled with lodine-125 determines the quality of the given test system in many respects. Sensitivity and specificity of the test-system first of all depends on the immunoreactivity. The most important stage oi~ preparing the labeled component is selection of the optimum conditions of lodine-125 incorporation into the molecules of antibodies by means of Chloramine T. 204 Section III. Activation Analysis. Rndiocliennstiy Production and Xppiicaiion of Isotopes. Nuclear Instrumentation and Nuclear Safclv The comparative characteristics of the preparations received by hxliiic-125 incorporation into molecules ol polvi lonn! and monoclonal antibodies The name of a Radio- Maximal l'/() Sensitivity of preparation labelled chemical bindiim «1RMA- HBsAg- with Iodine-125 II25» Polyclonal antibodies 09.0 ;(. 0.5 64.5 5 ng/ml Monoclonal antibodies 90 5 ±0 5 43.0 J; 0.5 83.4 1 ng/ml The testing results of the modified test system have shown that developed immunoradiomctrtc kit of reagents "lKMA-M-HRsAg-l 125 " is characterized by higher sensitivity, rcproducibility and specificity in comparison with "IRMA-HBsAg-l 125". UZ0201821 DIAGNOSTIC COMPLEX FOR .SUBCRITICAL SYSTEM Mal'tsev A.A., Maslova M.V. Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Pithna, Russia Investigations of various models of subcritical reactors carried out in JINR on a proton bunch of the Synchrophasotron/Nuelotron enter into the program of works on creation of installation for industrial realization of an electronuclear way receptions of energy both recycling of active industrial and weapon products, including, radioactive wastes of atomic power stations and metallurgical manufactures [! |. For realization of researches under the program of study of the mechanism of energy generation and transmutation in subcritical electronuclear reactor, connected with proton the accelerator, we develop the project of detection (automated information-measuring complex) allowing to ensure diagnostics in mode of real time rapidly occuring in reactor of processes The complex consists from optical, infra-red and spectrometer detection of devices recording seen, infra-red, X-ray and gamma-ray radiation [2], References 1. Tolstov K.D. - Report N 18-92-303. JINR. Dubna, 1992. 2. Mal'tsev A.A. - Phys. Part. Nucl. Vol. 27. No 3 (*|996) 330 UZ0201822 BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS OF THE NUCLEAR MICROPROBE: A REVIEW Michclet C. Moretto Ph., Barberet Ph., Dutia R. K., Aguer P. ( \>ntre a"Etudes Nucleaires tie Bordeaux-^ iradi^nan, Le Haut-Vigneuu, C/iadignan cedex, France After fifteen years' experience by worldwide research groups in the use of ion microbeams for material characterization at the microscopic level, the nuclear microprobe is now recognized as a powerful tool for routine chemical microanalysis and elemental mapping in the biomedical field Numerous applications in biomedicine lake advantage of its 205 Section HI. Activation Analysis. Radiochcmistry. Production and Application of KMIOPL-S. \ude.n Instrumentation and Nuclear Safety sensitivity, versatility and easy operation, either at the tissue or isolated cell level In addition, several analysis or imaging techniques can be implemented 10 provide complementary information about a particular sample This is particularly true for Particle Induced X-ray Emission, Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry and Scanning Tiansinission Ion Microscopy The CENBG microbeam line was commissioned in 1989 This facility was initially designed for easy and reliable microaiialysis of biological samples. Since then, biomedicine has been the main research area developed on this system. In this review, different examples of recent investigations will be presented with emphasis placed on the following topics: - Pathology: the etiology of a new rare muscular disorder. The macrophagic myofasciitis ai»d aluminium-containing vaccines. - Cancer research: penetration of anticancer drugs in tumor nodules and their modes of administration - Dermatology the percutaneous absorption of exogenous substances and the barrier function of the skin. UZ0201823 RADIOISOTOPE X-RAY FLUORESCENCE ANALYSIS OF THE TRACE ELEMENT CONCENTRATIONS OF SOME FISH SAMPLES FROM EAST BLACK SEA Akyuz Tanil. 'Akvuz Sevini. 2Sener Erdal, 2Yildiz Mustafa ' Department oj Physics, Istanbul Univ., leznecilcr, Istanbul, Turkey 'Faculty of Aquatic Products, Istanbul University, I'ezneciler, Istanbul, Turkey The trace element concentrations of the muscles and livers of some fish samples from Rize Ardesen area of the east Black Sea have been analysed quantitatively for some minor element-; using radioisotope energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) method and fundamental parameter technique (FPT). The samples were excited using an 24iAm source (10 mCi) and a HPGe detector or a l09Cd source (25 mCi) arid a Si(Li) detector for 50 000 s with resolutions of approximately 350 eV and 185 eV FWHM, respectively, at 5 89 keV In order to demonstrate the capability of the FPT, IAEA's CRMs MA-A1, MA-A2, H-4 and H-5 and NIST/NBS's SRM 1577 have been analysed. Our results are found to be in confidence interval of SRMs. The samples were dissected into muscle and liver, and were first freeze-dried and then ground to fine particles. About 0 150 g of dry sample powder was pressed into 13 mm diameter pellets by using stainless steel Spex evacuable dies and 10 tons hydraulic press, for quantitative analysis. The analysis results of the fish samples are tabulated in Table 1 in comparison to the results of the mussel taken from the same area Comparison of the trace and heavy element levels of the muscle samples to those of the liver samples indicated that these metals are accumulated in the livers of the fish samples. Our results are compared with those of other fish living in Aegean Sea, The Marmara Sea and Mediterranean Sea. Acknowledgements This study was supported by NATO Grant EST.CLG 975645. One of us (S. Akyuz) also thanks the Research Fund of the University of Istanbul through Project Number LTP-22. 206 Section Hi. Activation Analysis. Radiochemistry. Production and Application of Isotopes. Nuclear Instrumentation and Nuclear Safety : Table The analysis results of the fish samples from Rize Ardesen area of the east Black Sea in comparison to the results of the mussel taken from the same area. Muscle K Ca Mn JFe Cu Zn Br Cd Rb Sr Cs La Ce Cr Mo Zr Sb Pb Ni Ba I (dry weight ug/g) Mussel (Mytilus 7000 6000 17 450 15 , 300 193. 5 22 2 2 41 47 175 V I 27 9 10 4 galloprovincialis L.) 1990 4050 19 665 28 330 290 <; 5 35 1 2 28 38 125 22 7 5 3 ; Anchovy (Engraulis ^800 350 5 45 7 46 15 < i 3 75 <5 <5 45 < 1 6 5 ' encrasicolus L.) 1 1 5 Red mullet (Mullus 910 410 4 30 9 8 11 < i 4 10 < 1 <5 < 5 15 < 1 < 5 5 4 2 ! barbatus L.) 1 1 1 < 5 t ! Grey mullet (Mugil 1200 760 5 20 5 37 22 4 72 < 1 1 <5 35 < 1 <5~ 2 7 cephalus L.) Sea pike (Belone 1010 810 3 27 6 9 9 < i 5 15 <5 < 5 18 < 1 5 4. \ <5 3 beJone L.J 1 1 Horse mackerel 860 710 4 16 5 8 8 < i 4 10 < l < 5 < 5 13 < 5 5 5 (Trachurus * 1 1 mediterraneus S.) Whiting 890 670 4 14 5 6 9 < i 6 < 1 1 <5 < 5 11 < 1 < 5 _ (Merlangius 1 1 merlangus L.) V Sea-bream (Spicara 710 590 4 14 7 10 10 <] 8 < 1 <5 < 5 9 < 1 <5 < 4 i maenna L.) L' _ ..I.. L i _.. 1 Liver K Ca Mn IFe Cu Zn Br Cd Rb Sr Cs La Ce Cr Mo Zr Sb Pb Ni Ba 1 j (Dry weight, jig/g) Grey mullet (Mugil 700 520 15 50 15 87 31 < 1 2 5 < 1 <5 <5 10 < 1 <5 7 9 2 cephalus L.) 1 1 Whiting 540 900 15 41 11 60 26 < 1 2 4 <5 <5 8 <5 5 4 2 (Merlangius 1 1 rnerlangus L.) i <~> Section III. Activation Analysis, Radiochemisfry. Production and Application of Isotopes. N UZ0201824 Instrumentation and Nuclear Safety ENERGY DISPERSIVE X-RAY FLUORESCENCE AND SPECTRAL ANALYSES OF BLACK SEA BEACH-SAND SAMPLES Akyuz Tanil, 'Akvuz Sevim ' Department of Physics, Istanbul Univ., Vezneciler, Istanbul, Turkey The fractions, which are rich in heavy minerals of beach-sand samples, obtained from Black Sea coast near Sile (Istanbul) are mineralogically identified and analysed using EDXRJF and FT-IR techniques. The samples were analysed by EDXRF technique by using either tube excited KEVEX-700 XR.F spectrometer with Rh target or radioisotope excited EDXRF spectrometers. In the case of tube excited XRF spectrometer the analyses were performed by comparison with the standards, whereas, in the case of radioisoiope excited Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) spectrometer, the analyses were done by using the fundamental parameter technique (FPT), in order to minimise the matrix effects. The samples were excited using an :"" Am source (10 mCi) and a HPGe detector or a "l9Cd source (25 mCi) and a Si (Li) detector for 50,000 s with resolutions of approximately 350 eV and 185 eV FWHM, respectively, at 5.89 keV. The separated fractions which are rich in heavy minerals of beach-sand samples were first mineralogically analysed and found to be rich in zircon and monazite minerals with the general formulas [ZrSiO.»] and [(Ce, La, Th, Nd, Y) PO4], respectively. Generally monazite mineral contains Sid, due to the replacement of some of the phospate groups by silica. Uranium is also a trace element in some speciments. Since monazite is a primary ore of several rare earth elements and thorium, it is an extremely important ore mineral. In the FT-IR spectra of the samples we observed PO4 group vibrational modes. The site symmetry of the (PO^ions in monazite crystal which is known to have monoclinic structure, is C|. Therefore in the 1R spectrum of monazite, the anti-symmetric stretching vibrational mode of the phosphate group, va(PO4) [F2], should be obsei'ved as in tiipied structure, whereas the symmetric stretching mode vs(PO4) [Ai] shoud be observed as a single band. In the 950- 1100 cm'1 region of the IR spectra of the samples we observed 4 bands that can be attributed to P-0 stretching vibrations, and assigned 1092, 1037 and 994 cm1 bands to the tripled 1 structure of the va(PO4) mode and 948 cm" band to the vs(PO4) mode Thus, 1R spectroscopic investigation indicates that the main component of the samples is monazite mineral. Table I The EDXRF analysis results of the beach-sand samples from Black Sea coast near Istanbul area "****^4ilement La2O3 CeO Nd2O3 Pr6O,, Sm2O3 Y2O3 TiO2 ThO2 ZrO2 Sample ^**"~***-, 2 1 13.9 27.9 111 2.9 .5 1.5 1.0 2.1 7.9 2 15.2 30.0 12.0 2.6 2 2.0 1.0 2.3 8.0 13.8 30.5 12.0 2.8 .2 2.0 1.0 2.2 8.0 4 15.6 290 13.0 2.6 1.2 1.4 1.0 2.0 7.7 5 15.0 30.0 13.0 2.8 .4 2.0 1.0 2.4 8.3 6 15.0 29.5 13.4 2.6 .4 2.0 1.0 2.3 8.4 7 14.8 29.8 13.2 1.8 .2 1.8 1.0 2.2 8.3 Brazil Monazite 1 13 76 47 0 • - - - 0.58 - 6.28 - 2 13.60 46 5 0.80 6.06 Australia 23.0 46.5 18.4 5 1 2.3 2.0 - - - Monazite 208 Section HI. Activation Anahsis. Radiocliemisiiv Production P;O, AI:O, CaO MnO £REO Te°: Sample •**-- 1 22.0 0 04 005 ! i | it!_U. 1 58.8 2 260 0.05 0.06 i i 10 63 0 _j 0.1 3 24.s 0 06 0 07 1.2 __jL '•<» J 0.1 62.3 4 26.'' 0.04 0.05 13 1.0 0.1 62.8 5 25 0 0.05 _j 0 04 0.9 1.0 0.1 64.2 6 24.6 I 0.06 0 05 1.2 1.0 0.1 63 9 7 26.5 0.04 0.06 1.2 1.0 0 1 62.6 Brazil Monazite 1 11.7 - 0.03 0.07 0.10 0.08 - 2 28.5 0.10 0.10 0.97 0.10 Australia ------97.3 Monazite The EDXRF analysis results of the seven samples studied are given in Table I. 'fhe analysis results of the Brazil and Australia monaztte samples taken from reference, are also included for comparison. The results indicate that the samples are rich in monazite mineral and contain Th, Y, La, Ce, Nd, Sm, Pr, P, Zr, Ti Sb, Nb, Ba, Rb, Sr, Fe, Ni, C\\, Zn, Ca, K, Mn Cr in different amounts. Acknowledgements This study was supported by NATO Grant EST.CLG 975645. One of us (S. Akyuz) also thanks the Research Fund of the University of Istanbul through Project Number UP-22. UZ0201825 AN INVESTIGATION OF BURSA-ULUDAG WOLFRAM ORE BY NAA AND EDXRF METHODS Akyuz Tnnil, 'Akyuz Sevim, Kucer Rahnii, Kucer Nermin 1 Physics Dept., Istanbul University, Vezneci/er, Istanbul, Turkey Wolfram is an important industrial elemem for using in the production of some special steels High-speed tool steels, and many other alloys contain wolfram. It has excellent corrosion resistance The thermal expansion is about the same as borosilicate glass, which makes the metal useful for glass to metal seals. Wolfram carbides are very hard and used in cutting tools. The aim of this study is to determine the impurities involved in the wolfram ore deposit of Bursa-Uludag (Turkey) Analyses were performed by NAA and EDXRF methods. In the case of thermal neutron activation analysis, about 0.4g sample powders was placed in polyethylene sample tube and irradiated at the therp-.i neutron flux of about 8.I012 neutron cm"2 s'1 in the TRIGA Mark-II research reactor of Istanbul Technical University. A fast pneumatic system was used to transfer the irradiated samples IAEA's CRMs were used as standards The gamma spectra of both samples and standards were measured using a 209 Scclion II! Activation Analysis, Railiochcnitsirv. Production ;tncl Application of Isotopes. \ucle;ir Instmnicniation and Nuclear Safclv Cainbcrra S-100 gamma ray spectrometer with HPGe detector (GC 2020) The resolution was 2 keV at 1332.5 keV for"°Co, and I kcV at 122 kc\' for *"Co. I.7.DXRF analysis of the pelletised samples were performed by using either tube excited KIZVliX-700 XRF spectrometer with Rh target or radioisotope excited l-DXRF spectrometer. In the case of tube excited XRF spectrometer the analyses were clone by comparison with the standards In the case of radioisotope excited F.nergy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence (RDXRF) analysis, the samples were excited by an 2'"Am source (10 mCi) and a HPGe Jetectof or a '^Cd source (25 mCi) and a Si(Li) detector for 50,000 s with resolutions of approximately 350 eV and 185 eV FVVHM, respectively, at 5.89 keV and the analysis were performed by using the fundamental parameter technique (FPT), in order to minimise the matrix effects. In this technique (FPT), the geometric factors, G;, for each element i {that were related to the incident-exciting X-ray intensity, the geometric factor of the spectrometer and the detection efficiency for the fluorescence radiation from element i}, were first determined experimentally, by using uniform thin standard samples and then a calibration graph for the spectrometer was drawn. The geometric factors for the other elements of the sample investigated were calculated by using this graph. Finally, the absorption corrections of the elements and then the concentration of each element i of the sample was determined. The prcciron and accuracy of the analyses have been checked with the United States Geological Survey and Japan Geological Survey standaris (USGS and GSJ) Our results are found to be in confidence interval of SRMs. The concentrations of Cs, Co. Cr, Zn. Ku, Zr, Ag, Fa, Sc, Th, I If. W, Ru. U, Sb, Kb, Ce, La, Se. Yb. Mo. Fe, Ca, Si, Al, S, Na. Mg, Ti, P, Cu, Ga, As. Ba, Mn, Nd, Y, Sr, Ni elements have been determined. UZ0201826 THE STATUS OF RADIOISOTOPE PRODUCTION IN TURKEY Akgiin A. Fiidil Head of Radioisotope ^ Radiopharmaceulical Dept. (vhnece Nuclear Research and'Training Center, Istanbul, Turkey The pooling type IMW research reactor (TR-I) started operating at the Cekmece Nuclear Research and Training Center (CNAEM) on 06 Jan., 1%2. The Radioisotope production started at CNAEM on mid 1963. This production continued until September 1977 with increasing amounts of various radioisotopes such as Au-I98. Mo-99, Tc-99m, Ir-I92, Na-24, Br-82, K-42, P-32. The reactor's power has increased to 5 MW and radioisotope production slatted again on May 1984. The reactor is not working for the last couple of years for some technical problems. In I9S5 the Radiopharmaceutical Department was established and worked until 1994 for the development of radiopharmaceuticals In 1994 the Radioisotope and Radiopharmaceutical Departments were united as one department and called '" Radioisotope&Radiopharmaceutical Depiiitment," Ai the moment, Tc-99m generators are routinly being produced by using fission pioduced Mo-99 The Tc-99m generator production is nearly enough for 70% of Turkey's demand In addition to those productions, the cold kits of DTI*A, MDP and PYP are also being produced. In I his paper, t he Tc-99m genei.tior production will be described and compared with gel generator system Section 111 Actuation Anal)sis. Radiochemisiry. Production and Application of Isoio>p» UZ0201827 Instrumentation and Nuclear Safety NUCLEAR SCIENCES IN THE SERVICE OF MANKIND-SOME SELECTED APPLICATIONS IN HEALTH FIELDS UlJChaudhri M. Anwar , 2Chaudliri M. Nasir 'Ahi. Med. Physic, Radiolo^ische Kl/nik der ('niversiuiel Tuehin^en, (lernniny J\iki.\kin ('aimed of Scientific and industrial Research, l.ithora(oncs-( 'omplex, Lahore 'Ihe Ihuversily ofMelbourne, I'arkvdle J()52, .'felhoiirne, Australia NUCLKAR ANALYTICAL METHODS FOR TRACK ELEMENT STUDIES IN CALCINED TISSUES Various nuclear analytical methods have been developed and applied to determine the elemental composition ol' calcified tissues (teeth and bones) Fluorine was determined by prompt gamma activation analysis thiougli the "l(p, ag) '() reaction Carbon was measured by activation analysis with lle-3 ons, and the technique of Proton-Induced X-ray L-mis: on (IMXh) was applied to simultaneously determine ("a, P, and trace elements in well- documented teeth Dental hard tissues enamel, dentine, cementum, and their junctions, as vvell as different parts of the same tissue, were examined separately Furthermore, using a I'roion Microprobe, we measured the surface distribution of F and other elements on and around carious lesions on the enamel The depth profiles of F, and other elements, were also measured iig.it up lo the amelodentin junction PHOTONKf I RON PRODUCTION IN TISSUE DURING UK.II ENERGY BRKMSSTRAIII.llNC RADIOTIIKRAPY The total yield of pholoncutions from ; itl-iissiu'-equivak-ni material irradiated with bremsstrahlung of end-point energy from 6 to 28 MeV ha; been measured using tho 35 MeV University of Melbourne Betatron and a 4p Ualpern-type neut'on detector The results are compared with calculations based on the cross sections for neutron production of the constituent elements of tissue (II, C, N and U) It is shown that the less common isotopes of the constituent elements (2M, "C, l!iN, |7O,"()) must be included to obtain agreement with the measured yields. Moreover, we have also estimated the secondary neutron yields from tissue under irradiation with Madrons (protons, alphas, carbon .nd neon ions, etc ) of up to 400 MeV per nucleon energies It is suggested that due to the very high number of the secondary neutrons being produced in patients during therapy with Madrons, especially with heavier ions, their numbers and energies must be measured accurately in order to estimate the potential damage to the patients and their contribution to the observed RBI-l of heavier ions PIIOTOPAR IK LK PRODUCTION IN SOLID STATK DKTIX'TORS USKD FOR NKUTRON DOSIIY1M RY IN THV. PRESENCE OF PHOTONS Photon-induced neutron, proton and alpha panicle production in polyethylene and CR- 3l) has been estimated for the photo energy range of 2-30 MeV, using our previously established methods and phot mudear cross-section data for hydrogen, carbon and oxygen. The raie; isotopes of the constituents of CR-.W and rolyethylene, namely :U, nC, nO and O, have been taken into account Neutrons and protons are produced in polyethylene and CR-J9 for photon eueigies above 2.2 MeV, the (g, tip) threshold for 2M Photoparticles produced in these mateiials may need to be taken into consideration when using them for neutron dosinieuy in the presence o( photons in I his energy range, especially when the neutron flux is several oiders of magnitude less il an that of the photons 211 Scciton III Actuation Analysis. Radioclicmisir). Production and Application ol Isotopes, '. UZ0201 828 Instriuucnlation and NuJear Safely ___ RADIOISOTOPES USED IN NUCLEAR MEDICINE, IMPORT POLICY OF TURKEY AND LEGISLATIVE ACTIONS Okyar H.Burcin Turkish Atomic Energy Authority Radiation Health ami Safety De/Hirtment Ankara, I'm key Radioactive isotopes are widely used in many sectors including medicine, industry and research All developed countries in the world are paying, the growing attention to production and use of radioisotopes. The production of isotopes is not widespread, but more than fifty countries have isotope production or separation facilities operated for domestic supply, and sometimes for international market. Medically important isotopes are an indispensable and growing component of the public health care system The use of medical isotopes cuts the cost of health care and dramatically improves the level of patient care. In Turkey, the use of radioisotopes in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases has grown dramatically in the past 20 years and n'l was first used for the treatment of thyrotoxicosis at the Istanbul University in 1958 Diagnostic radiopharmaccutteals currently dominate the medical isotope arena of Turkey, Diagnosti- nuclear medicine involves the administration of very small amounts of radioactive substances, which are distributee! within the body according to the product's physical and chemical puipeiiics The radiopharmaceutical is selected based on its affinity for certain body organs or other sites of clinical interest These radioactive materials, "illuminate" the sites of interest in a manner that can be detected by appropriate instrumentation and subsequently provide an image for the physician h work uith These images can then be analyzed and correlated with clinical experience. Nuclear medicine imaging procedures often identity abnormalities in very early stage in the progression of a disease. For many medical problems this detection allows a disease to be treated early in its course, reducing the cost of treatment and allowing a more successful prognosis Without question diagnostic procedures using radiopharmaceuticals have dramatically improved the patient care in the health care systems and have also eliminated predicti .! costs Diagnostic radiopharmaceuticais have become an integia! part of patient care. In Turkey, the relevant national authority for regulating activities involving radioactive sources is the Turkish Atomic Rnergy Authority (TAltK). In this paper, the structure of TAF.K and Turkish legislation related to TAI-K will be introduced National Radiation Safety Regulations (Official Journal //: 20083), which was issued in 6 September 1991, was revised and issued in 24 March 2000 (Official Journal //: 23099). Revised version of the Radiation Safety Regulations based on BSS-115 and V.C Directives includes definitions, exemptions, responsibiiisation, dose limits, redefinition of controlled and supervised areas, import and re- export procedures of radioactive materials, redefinition of licensing procedures, limitations in import radiation generators used in medicine, quality control, guidance levels of dose, dose rate and activity for medical exposures (including diagnostic procedures in nuclear medicine), dose levels in interventions and guidelines for intervention levels and action levels in emergency exposure situations The import policy and licensing procedure will also be introduced. In Turkey, most of radiation sources are imported from producing countries. The number of imported radiation sources varies depended on the trend The numbers of existing radioactive materials, numbei of nuclear medicine laboratories and the annual amount of imported tadioisotopes will bo given in this paper 212 Section III. Activation Analysis Radiocheiniitry Production and Application o!" Isotopes. UZ0201829 Instrumentation and Nuclear Salcn ...... _ RADIONUCLIDE CONTKNT ANALYSIS IN FALLOUTS AND CONSTRUCTION OF REGIONAL MAPS OF CONTAMINATION BY I.ONG-LIVKD RADIONUCLIDES FOR THE TERRITORIES IN THE CHERNOBYL DISASTER INFLUENCE ZONE 2 'Vishncvsky I.N., 'Gaidar A.V., 'Lypskn A.I., Isibachnyi L.YaM 'iryshyn V.\ . 1 Institute for Suck'ar Research", National Academy <>}'Sciences of, Kiev, IIkraine 'Ministry oj Ukraine for j-jneryencv Situations anil I'libhc J'rolection Against tlie I'hernohyl Disaster ('onsec/uences, Kiev, Ukraine Construction of maps of long-lived radionuclide contamination is an important basic element needed for effective resolving of problems, connected lo the development of long- term measurements for decreasing of negative impact of nuclear accident consequences on the environment and population In this work the problem of reconstruction of regional fields of adionuclide contamination on the territory of Ukraine in the ChNPP's accident influence zone is analyzed The methodology of data analysis and reconstruction of detailed fields of contamination by long-lived radionuclides is proposed The appioach is based on thorough geostatistical analysis of radioiuulide composition in different contaminated regions, which are selected according to the conditions of their initial format ion. At selecting of regions, meteorological situation during active period of effluents, source characteristics as well as influence of landscape factors have been thoroughly studied ml taken into account Utilization of developed technique allov.ed to carrying out thorough and objective verification of different files of data (including data obtained in aero gamma spectrometry studies) and, on the basis of limited data, to detailed shapes of fields of contamination by long-lived radionuclides (" Cs, "'Sr, 2"Am and Pu isotopes) reconstruction for the regions witn high gradient of contamination levels Integrate analysis of contamination fields and landscape peculiarities of particular regions allowed to reconstruct the chronology and d; namics of formation of contamination fields and to explain the .hape of particular tails and spots. As a result of the work, detailed maps of radionuclide contamination of a number of regions in ChNPP's influence zone and whole territory of Ukraine have been constructed. UZ0201830 MICROELEMENTS IN OILS OF DNIEPER-DONETS OIL-AND-GAS PROVINCE Berlizov A.N., Berezovsky I.L., Bulkin V.S., Vislmevsky I.N., Ogoroiinik A.I'., I rysliyii V.V. Institute for Nuclear Research, National Academy oj Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine Microelement content of oil samples, taken from 67 oilfields of Dnieper-Donets oil-and gas province, was studied by insliuineiual NAA at WWR-M nuclear research reactor of INR. hach sample consisted of oil taken from A number of oil wells (from 3 lo 20). presenting an 213 Section 111. Activation Analysis. Rrulicclicmistrv. Production and Application of Isotopes. Nuclear Instrumentation and Nuclear Safety _ averaged microelement contei.t. of the oil from particular oilfield For clearing the analyzed oil samples from stratal water, containing large amount of dissolved salts and separating of coarse mineral particles, the sample pretreatment was carried out It included sample demineralization, filtering and centrifuging. For element content of prepared samples determination, two ways of comparative INAA technique were employed The first technique was used for determination of Na, O, V, Al and Mn content in the samples by short-lived activation products. The oil samples with masses from 4 to 5 g encased in polyethylene containers were used To prevent evaporation of 'light oil fractions, the samples were frozen down to liquid nitrogen temperature The analysis procedure included irradiation in thermal column (<1>=5-10'" cm"2-s"') during 15 min, sample cooling during 3-5 riin, gamma-ray spectrum measurements carried out two-three times for 5-10 min. The detection limits of the technique determined to be -100 ppb for Na, CI, Mn. ~ 10 ppb for Al, and ~l ppb for V. The relative error of the analysis was 20-30% depending upon the concentration of the determined elements In the second technique the oil samples with mass of 0.5 g encased in the polyethylene containers were used These samples were irradiated in isotopic channel of the WWR-M nuclear research reactor (f|)t5!0" cm":s"') during 100 h. Gamma-ray speetrometry of the induced radial 101% was carried out in 15-20 days after inadirition. The range of concentration over all studied oilfields and average concentration levels for different elements are shown in the table below The obtained data allow us to make a conclusion that microelement composition of the oil of Dnieper-Donets oil-and-gas province is typical for the low metal content oils of mesopaleo/oic carbonate measure. Table Ranges and average levels of niicroeleiiifnl coiuiiihations in oils of Dnieper-Donets oil-and-gas province, ppb Element Concentration range Average concentration level Na 110-r 180000 35500 Al 770 :- 35000 3140 CI 100-r 390000 36400 V 24 -:- 23000 1510 Mn 130 -5- 1600 336 Sc 0.045 •*• 9.5 0.502 Cr 13:1600 138 !e 130 •:-220000 7400 Co 1.3 4- 1200 15 N. 210 4 59000 3470 Zn 240 : 16000 1040 Se 0.15 •=- 200 313 Ag 0 19 ; 470 5.3 Sb 0.01 1 ;• 240 38.7 Ba 42 •:• 16000 754 Hg 0.72 •:- 550 65.7 214 Section III. Activation Analysis. Rjuliochcmistry. Production md Application of Isoiopef UZ0201831 Instrumentation a"d Nuclear S:ilci> INSTRl MEM AL NAA OF RHENIUM AM) OSMIUM IN MOLYBDENITES OF Al KIM AM) COMPLEX ONE DEPOSITS Bcrlizov A.N., Lypska A.I., Ogoroiluik A.I1., Trysliyn V.V.. Vislmevsky I.N. Institute for Nuclear Research, National Academy of Sciences of I 'kraine, Kiev, Ukraine A comparative instrumental NAA technique tor rhenium and osmium content determination and stable rhenium isotope concentration ratio ls Re/1 Re in molybdenite samples of aurum measurement aa well as complex ore deposits was elaborated. A strong activation of macrocomponent (Mo), content of which can reach up to 50-60 vvt. %, large number of impurity elements posing significant interference in the interested region of spectrum and comparatively low concentration of the analytes (v)(Re) < 100 ppm, i](Os) < 10 ppm) are distinctive features of the analysis conditions The constrained optimization code, based on the INAA full-scale mathematical model, was applied for determining optimal time regime of the analysis, taking into account particular characteristics of the utilized spectrometry system and constraints on the realizable \alues of varied parameters. Analyzed region of a gamma-ray spectrum, simulated for the found optimal conditions, is shown in the figure Optimal irradiation, cooling and measuring time values, analytical peak energies and theoretical limits for accuracy and detection limits for ~25 mg sample and -3 I01" em's"1 of thermal neutron flux are also indicated. The analytical technique tests were carried out in the study of a batch of molybdenite samples, taken from nurum and complex ore deposits of Ukraine The macro'component content, which is significant for the quality control of ore concentrate, as well as contents of rhenium, osmium and up to 24 of other microhm unties were determined 10"- 120 130 140 150 160 120 125 130 135 140 14& ISO 156 ifiO f, l.-V fc, ktV Fig. Analyzed region of a y-ray spectrum, simulated for the optimal conditions of the analysis The ratio of rhenium stable isotope concentrations IK7Re/lx5Re was also measured Spectrometry of the sample induced radiation was carried out by inspector MCA portable spectrometry system coupled with X-ray GI.O5I5R and gamma-ray GEM40I85 HPGe detectors fhe best attained detection limits at the real analysis conditions were 0.6 and 0.3 ppm for rhenium and osmium respectively Relative accuracy of the Re/ Re ratio determination turned out to be 20 and 4°/0 for the 10 and 100 ppm of the rhenium content correspondently Hlement content characteristics of the analyzed samples are shown in the table below (all values are in ppm). Section HI. Activation Analysis, Radiochemistry. Production and Applicaiion of isotopes. Nuclear Inslnnncmation aixl Nuc'ear Safely Elemen Median Lower Upper Element Median Lower Upper t Quarlil Quartil Quartil e Quartile e e Ce 45 5.4 105 Sc 0.65 - Nd 115 41 220 Cr 7.20 j 3.8 | 32.5 ' Eu -1 030 0.17 0 45 Fc 5600 1300 1 1000 Tb H 1.50 0.32 3.2 i"c"o~1 R30 - - h Yb 370 1.2 21.5 " Zn J 2150 - - Hf 46 50 455 86 35 140 Se Ta 4 50 071 12 300 Kb ------—-• — ~2O75O" ~4.7 Mo 528000 .180000 597500 " Os l~90 19" RTi" 22~ 76 ioo~~ Au 7 50 1.5 18 Ag 15 2.3 66 Hg ^ 15 5.7 28 Sn 3500 Th 11 3.9 82 Sb 0.96 0.3 1.5 99 r ' "u~"~2«>5' O T_c_ 20 515 0.70~~ 1 0.3~6~ UZ0201832 STUDY OF THE MCAl! APPLICABILITY TO AC ( VR ATE ISOTOPIC CHARACTERIZATION OF URANIUM SAMPLES Bcrlizov A.N., Tryshyn V.V. Institute for Nuclear Research, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine Applicability of the MGAU technique to accurate isotopic composition determination of uranium samples was carefully studied in different measurement conditions with the help of uranium isotopic standard reference material NBS SKM 969 in the range of 0 .12 - 4.5 % of 235U and of 0 004 - 0.036% of "4U concentrations. The Canberra's portable "U-Pu Inspector" spectrometry system and MGAU V. 1.0 software were used in the study. Properties of statistical distributions of measurement results were studied for the uranium samples with different enrichment levels and for different spectrum acquisition times. The measured distributions showed quite good agreement with Gaussian shape except for the low statistics measurement cases, where a significant skewness of the distributions was observed. The study also revealed an overestimation of the measurement uncertainties, compared to those evaluated on the measured distributions. For 215U and enrichments less than 1.0-1.5% the overestimation can be larger for two or more times independently on the duration of the measurement (see fig.la). For 2U\J two different dependencies of the uncertainty excess upon 2MU concentration were obtained for short and long spectrum acquisition times. Influence of a number of factors that can cause systematic biases in the measured isotopic content was also studied. The obtained results revealed a noticeable dependence of the measured 235, enrichment level upon isotopic composition of uranium samples. It 216 Section IN. Activation Anal}sis, Radiochemistrv. Production and Application of Isotopes. Nuclear Instrumentation and Nuclear Safctv appeared in systematic overestimation of the measured ' U enrichment, ranging from 2 to 6% for the enrichments varyinu from 4.4 to 0 31 % (sec fig,1b). Evaluations showed that this systematic bias could be explained by the unaccounted contributions of * U and U isotopes to the intensity of ThKot X-rays The evaluations also indicated the possibility of quite strong dependence of the measured * U enrichment level upon presence of ""'U macroquantity and 2>2U microimpurity. It can be essential at analyzing samples of reprocessed uranium or nuclear fuel, manufactured with its addition. Noticeable systematic error of the 235U enrichment measurement is also predicted for the samples containing 213U in concentrations starting with 10'' relative to21? U. 180 HOOc (b) /WHKK 40 ? • •to +•- , i o.o l 0 2.0 3.0 i "*u. % V. \ h'ig.l. (a) - relative deviation of the measurement uncertainty from the sample standard deviation; (1)) - relative systematic bias of the measured 2l1^U enrichment level The systematic underestimation of the measured 2"lJ abundance was also revealed in the course of the study. It turned out to be of 23 % for the 2I|U abundance ranging from 0 005 to 0.036 %. It indicates that, at high probability, there are some problems with the internal efliciency calibration procedures, which are implemented in the MGAU code. The influence of the measurement geometry on the measured 2t5U enrichment level was also revealed. The results of a set of measurements (see fnj.2) indicated that underestimation ot U enrichment level is possible for the close measurement geometries This effect can be explained by the influence of the true-coincidence summing of the detector, pulses at registering of correlated y- and x-rays, emitted in the cascades of strongly converted y- transitions of 2""Th. The estimated systematic error due to this effect is about 1.8 % for the typical conditions of the measurement. Thus, application of the MGAU technique for determination of isotopic composition of uranium 5- samples with I - 2 % and better I S1. j | -20 urn. I liev accuracy along with known applicability limits requires I taking into account a number of "//% y II • ji additional factors connected to •1,111 I.-Ul I, h the sample characteristics and t' ,:lllltiimont U-vcl, °> measurement geometry, which can cause noticeable systematic Fifi.2. Distribution of VVER-1000 fuel pellet enrichment biases of the measurement levels, measured at 0 and 20 mm distances from detector results 217 Scclion HI. Activation Analysis, Radiochcmistry. Prodnciion and Application of Isotopes. UZ0201833 Instrumentation and Ny'car Safely __ ^ MODERN PROBLEMS OF NUCLEAR ENERGETICS Chcrkasov A.S. Kharkov National University, Ukraine Nuclear energetics (fission at present or controlled fusion in perspective) is the most important application of nuclear physics. Among the competing energy sources - fossil fuels, sun and nuclear energy - the principal advantages of nuclear power - almost unlimited fuel resources, its high energy capacity, ecological compatibility with a possibility of high, wastes concentration - determine the large-scale nuclear power development. Economic efficiency, safety (of reactors and fuel cycle with waste), proper characteristics of nuclear fuel reproduction, guarantees of nuclear arm's non-proliferation are the conditions of such nuclear power development. Nuclear energetics has no alternatives associated with preservation for posterity of very valuable raw material sources (oil, natural gas), with prevention of climatic changes and with ensuring of energy security in many countries. Most safety concerns associated with operations at nuclear facilities are very similar to the safety concerns associated with operations of non-nuclear facilities. The potential for a nuclear critically accident is one concern that is unique to the nuclear industry. However, if managed properly, the risk of a criticality accident can be reduced to an acceptable level. (It is important to establish the.conditions for which a criticality accident becomes possible for any activity involving fissible material) In fact, the risk of a criticality accident can generally be reduced to a level that is much lower than the risk associated with non-nuclear activities that have si mi I a]' consequences. As it is well known an every additional per cent of an electric-power production per capita leads to increase of gross output by 3% approximately. According to the International Energy Agency data by the year 2020 an electric-power production will be increased by 75% (CO2 emission - about 60%). The main peculiarity of the 21st century is a very large forecasted increase in population and energy consumption in the developing regions (Asian Pacific Region particularly) - more than 2 and 8 times respectively by the year 2100 compared to the year 1990. For the rest regions of the world this increuse is 12 ... 15% and here a global trend is now an increasing life time of the active NPP's. Thus world consumption of end-use energy increases 3.5 times. It r 218 Section III. Activation Analysis. fcidioclicmis'.ry. Production ;ind Application of Isotopes. Nuclear Instrumentation rind Nuclear S.'il'cty _ Reactor- PBMR (South Africa, 100 MW(el), efficiency is 44 2°/o) [5] and High Temperature Test Reactor - HTTR (Japan. 30 MW(th), helium ai 4 MPa and 050 "C) [2]. Moreover, the HTGR permit the use (burning) of weapons plutonium as n fuel for power reactors without its chemical processing [6]. (The problems of plutonium management are not only technological, environment and economical, they are also political problems since they are closely connected with the nuclear weapon non-proliferation issues and public acceptability of nuclear power). For such purposes within an international cooperation program (Minatom-Russia, lTramatom"-France, ORNL. GA-USA, Fuji Electric-Japan) the project of a gas (heliums- cooled modular reactor with direct cycle gas turbine (GT-MHR - Gas Turbine-Modular High Temperature Reactor) is developed now (600 MW(th), electric power efficiency is 48%) •[7, 8], The next step on the way of a radical improvement of heat exchange, efficiency and safety of NPP's is a creation of the light-producing reactors (LPR) where radiative heat transfer is used in addition to the thermal conduction and convective heat transfer [9,10]. Two types of the LPR must exist in future. The first type is a thermal high-enrichment reator characterized by minimal critical mass (approximately several hundreds grams) and renovation system (cleaning from radioactivity) of the active zone. Nuclear energy (it is mainly the kinetic energy of fission fragments) is converted into the light by a gas scintillator - a mixture of some noble gases on the whole of the basis of helium. As to the gas 'mainly helium) coolant such LPR looks like the IITGR The second type of the LPR looks like a little star Nuclear energy in the compact as it is possible, nuclear reactor (thermal or fast one) is convened into the heat and after that into the light by means of a high temperature heat pipes system [II] together with a radiative cooler (cooler-radiator). As it is well-known for a thermal radiation of a -black body an integrated energetical luminosity is aT'-Stefan-Boltzmann's (S. H.) law, arT5.67-l0'sWm*2K""' - SB. constant; X,,m~3000/T, \.im - VVien's displacement law The white-hot light source is possible at the temperature of a cooling (radiative) surface over of 1670 K. In this connection the LPR- 2 may be regarded as a big filament lamp (a cooler-radiator is a "filament" of lamp). For instance, in an ideal case (a cooling surface is a black body; at present it is <:90% ) at 2000 K an energetic luminosity of such lamp is 0.907 MW-in'2 (an energetic luminosity of the ordinary filament lamp is ~ 0.2 MWni'2 ). Note that the value of a LPR-2 efficiency is ft rmed, of course, by a used light-collection system (metallic minors and hollow light guides, for example, for converting in space a cooler-radiator of NPP into a directed (beamed) radiating cooler). The LPR-2 looks like a HTGR if for improvement of the heat exchange in LPR the "vacuum filament lamp" is filled with a transparent to light gas, lor example, helium. The LPR-problem is a very vital question for cosmic nuclear energetics [10] In space it is necessary to produce not only an electric power and a heat energy but also a reactive (tractive) force for the rocket engines as well as a recoil mass for the rocket jet when a spacecraft is far from the earth (from near space) or even further from the solar space (in deep space). (Only in near space the existent space NPP's somewhat lose the day the competition with the solar ones (I2,l3j) That is why the safest and the highest-perfomance power LPR must become the'basis for the cosmic nuclear energetics in future Such a reactor must produce heat, electrical, light energies and a photon-low-thrust tractive force The photon jet (photon nuclear-fission rocket engine) is the most ecologically pure one (the recoil mass is an electromagnetic energy - light) and it is characterized by the most system specific impulse that is equal to velocity of light in vacuum For production of a tractive force of 9 8IN=lkgf the mass equivalent of photon propellant expenditure is 2.83 g per day, the corresponding directed light flux power is 2.943-101 MW. It is proposed in [ 10,14] to use as a recoil mass for low-thrust nuclear-fission (or fusion) rocket engine fast neutrons - the most important product of interplanetary nuclear rocket engine instead of hydrogen heated in nuclear reactor up to 2300 ... 2700 °C. For production 219 Scclion 111. Activation AnaKsis. Radiochemistrv Production and \ppli^!!io!i ol K>lopes, Nncleai Instrumentation and Nuucar Safctv of a tractive force of 9,81 N the propeilant expenditure oi' hyili oyen jet with system specific impulse of- 9000 nvs1 is - 04 kg a day T:or fas! l.S MeV-ne-utron jet is 45.S g per day (directed neutron fluxes) So. the high intensity corrtrollcd neutron sources are required for production of powerful directed (collimatal) fast neutron (luxes (they are. basically, (he new high- llux research reactors). The most suitable neutron jet prototype is the 13-2 facility of the fast reactor BR-5 [151. This is a "monodircctional disk" with a diameter of 0 25 m; for neutrons with energies > (2.'.. 3) MeV the directed neutron flux is 10 cm"-*' at a reactor power of - 5 MW In this connection the possible methods of a fast neutron directed flux intensification are very interestinu (see, for example, the effects of a "neutron searchlight" [16]). It's reasonable to compare the performances of neutron, photon nuclear-fission rocket low-thrust engines and a hydrogen heat-transfer nuclear rocket low-thrust engine at a thrust of 9,8 IN for a year operation when the dry weight oi" a rocket Mo is 50 ton. Where the expenditure of a fuel (2}iV) Anir is minima! and minimal is the initial total weight (dry weight with a fuel and a recoil mass ) \l -M,, .\m(•< Mn |MM is an initial mass of hydrogen ) at a maximum accelaration Av (a velocity increment)'' By the Tsiolkovski's formula (see, for example, [17]) the following results have been obtained, lor a neutron engine {if a medium energ, of fission neutrons is 1.8 MeV): Mn 0. Anir 18 86 toiv(year)"' at a fast-neutron leakage of 10% ('that is only every tenth I X MeV-neutron is escaped in the definite direction creating, a thrust) and Av -I 5 kms'(yeai) ' For a photon engine (if a directed light- producing efficiency of the I.PR is 50%). Mn 0, Am, 2.o2 ton(year)' and Av~ 5.7 knvs '•(year)"1, lor a hydrogen-nuclear engine (if a system specific impulse is 900O nvs'1): Mir-34.31 toiv(year)', Am, is no more than several hundreds grams and Av- 4 7 knvs" -(year)'1. So, the photon rocket engine provides a minimum initial rocket weight with a fuel at a maximum acceleiation References' 1. PL Kirilov Atomnaya Energiya, 2001 Vol.90 No 2. P. 160 (In Russian) 2. V V.Lozovetskiy. Atomnaya Tekhnika Za Rube/.hom, 2000, No2, P. 14 (In Russian). 3. Yu.V.Tolstikov. . Atomnaya Tekhnika Za Rubezhom. 1999, No 12, P.7(ln Russian). 4. A.l.Kiryushkin, N.G.Kodochigov, N G.Kuzovkov el al. Atomnaya Energiya, 3W} Vol.87. No 2. P.87 (In Russian). 5. D.R Nichols, Nucl. ling Inern , 1999, No 533, P. 12. 6. VN.Poplav.skiy, A.N.Chebeskov, A K.Kalashnikov et al Atomnaya Energiya, 2000. Vol.89. No 4 P.3 14 (In Russian). 7 W.A. Simon. Proc. Int. Conf On emerging Nuclear Energy System (ICENES-96), Obninsk, RF, June 24 - 28,1996 8. A.I Kiryushtn et al. Nucl. Eng Design, 1997, V. 173, PI 19 9. A.S.Cherkasov, Abstracts of the 7'1' Annual Conference on Science & Engineering of Nuclear Society of Russia Moscow, 1996, P. 196. 10 A.S.Cherkasov, Abstracts of the 9lh Annual Conference on Science & Engineering of Nuclear Society of Russia. Ulianovsk-Dmitrovgrad, 1998, P. 124. 11 V.S Vasil'kovskiy, V P.Smetannikov, V.A Evtikhin et al Atomnayji Energiya. 2QO0. Vol.89. No 1 P.82 (In Russian). 12 N.K.Ponomarev-Stepnoy, V.A.Usov, A S.Koroteev et al. Atomnaya Energiya, 2000 Vol.89. No 1. P.I I (In Russian) 13 Space Technology and Applications International Forum 1999, Albuquerque, Jan. 31 - Feb. 4, 1999, AIP Conference Proceedings 458, Editor Mohamed S El.-Genk, American institute of Physics, New-York, 1999. 14. A S Cherkasov, Abstracts of the 49'1' Meeting on Nuclear Spectroscopy and Structure of Atomic Nucleus 1999 P. 148 15. S.G.Tsypin. Atomnaya Energiya. 1962 Vol. 12. No 4. P 300 (In Russian) Section 111. Activation Analysis, Radiocheinistry. Production and Application off sot opes. Nuclear Instrumentation and Nuclear Safety __ 16. V.F Kolesov, A.S.Koshelev, A.A.Malinkin et al., Voprosy Atomnoy Nauki i Tehnikj. Series: Physics of Nuclear Reactors 2000 No 2/3. P.25. 17. E.Stuhlinger. Ion propulsion for Space Flight, New York, 1964 UZ0201834 THE CORE FUEL CONCENTRATION OF LIGHT - PRODUCING REACTOR (LPR) Cherkasov A,S. Kharkov National University, Ukraine The light-producing reactor (LPR), where radiative heat transfer is used in addition to thermal conduction and convective heat transfer together with a renovational system (cleaning from radioactivity) of the active zone, must become the safest and the highest-performance one in future [1,2]. The contents of LPR cartridges is a gaseous mixture of the nuclear fuel (fissionable actinides) that looks like a vapour or a gas (for example UF(() or a very fine-grained aerial dust (aerosol) with a gas scintillator which is a radiant convenor (RC) of nuclear energy (it is iminly the kinetic energy of fission fragments) RC - a mixture of some noble gases (with the necessary admixtures) on the whole of the basis of helium - is distinguished by the high efficiency of conversion of the kinetic energy of fission fragments into the light (> 20%), the high heat conduction, the absolute thermal-aiu! radiation-stability in practice, as well as the high optical transparency within a wide range: from VUV up to far infrared. This RC may be pumped, it is chemically inactive, it is activated by neutrons a little. Helium is the most transparent gas (up to 50 nm). The presence of atoms or molecules of the nuclear fuel, as well as of fission fragments and fission products in RC, makes worse considerably the optical transparency of LPR cartridges. For instance, the mean free path of a light photon with wave-length of- 400 nm (t.;e beginning of visible light spectrum) in UF<, atmosphere is only -1 in" when Ul;6 concentration in RC is ~ 10l9cmJ (see fig 1 in [3]) That is why while creating the high- performance LPR it is necessary to aspire to the highest optical transparency that is to the least of the atomic density of fuel in LPR cartridges, of course, as it is permitted by criticality conditions for LPR. (Nonlinear optical effects which may occur in the LPR cartridges at a high neutron power are not discussed here). It follows, that in LPR one should use extremely high enriched nuclear fuel with minimum of inert admixtures which make worse the optical transparency in LPR cartridges, as well as the fact that the high-performance LPR must be a thermal reactor since fast neutrons reactors are characterized by a high core concentration of the nuclear fuel So, low atomic density of nuclear fuel in active zone is a keystone for LPR and, accordingly, it is necessary to find such reactor composition (LPR cartridges+moderator+reflector) at which the least of the atomic density of nuclear fuel is achieved Values of atomic density of 2"215u and 2wPu (for 100% purity, separated fissile materials) in LPR cartridges (Nt) with minimal critical masses (m) and correspondent critical sizes (R) are found by the age-diffusion approximation for a thermal homogeneous spherical infinitely reflected reactor for different combinations of effective well-known moderators, reflectors (I>>0, H2O, graphite, Be, BeO) and for six values P - the ratio of the LPR cartridges volume in LPR (V, m) to the volume of itself LPR (VW): P= ViW V|.».K=0.0; 0.1; 0.2; 0.3; 221 Section III Activation Analysis, Rndiochcmistry. Production and Application of Isotopes. Nuclear liisiniincntaiioH and Nuclear Siilcly 0 4; 0 5 (see tables 1 -5). In the calculations nuclear-physical characteristics of LPR materials were used from tables 1.8, IV 1, V.I - V.3 from a monograph [4] In tables 1-5 a^Nmoj/Nf that is a ratio of the average (in the volume of an active zone LPR) values of a moderator 3 concentration (K,uur (1-P)-Nm,,d, atoms or molecules per cm ; NrilOl| is a nominal moderator concentration) to a fuel concentration (Nr=P-Ne., atoms per cm'). For a thermal reactor a>IOO must be [4] (In the calculations a neutron absorption by the noble gases of LPR-cartridges is not taken into consideration !t is possible to regard a heterogeneous LPR as a homogeneous one if the LPR cartridges are placed in the active zone uniformly and a LPR cartridge size d«?M!i where An, is a mean free path of a thermal neutron in LPR cartridge [4] (for example, ).\h>\ 5m if a ^(..'-concentration is founded by a good agreement of the calculated values of m, R and Nt at P 0 with well-known experimental data for homogeneous thermal light-water, heavy-water and graphite high- enrichmen' uranium-fuelled reactors (see, for example, chapters 13,14,15 in the monograph [5]). For instance, the calculated critic.)! radius of the Los-Alamos homogeneous spherical infinitely beryllium oxide reflected water boiler reactor LOPO is 15 20cm. The real critical raiiius of the reactor LOPO is 15 24cm (see the exercises 4-11 and 4-12 in the monograph [6]) It is possible to regard the neutron reflector thickness in LPR as an ifinite one in the calculations if the real reflector thickness is of the order of magnitude or more than two the thermal-neutron diffusion lengths in the reflecting material [4]) From tables i-5 one can see that the minimal critical masses and correspondent the atomic fuel densities in the LPR cartridges for the plutonium reactor is noticeably lower than for the u/anium one. Atomic fuel densities in the LPR cartridges almost do not depend on the reflecting material and, in fact, their magnitudes are formed only by a kind of the used in the LPR moderator as well as by P-value: with increasing of P (a part of the LPR cartridges volume in the whole LPR volume) atomic fuel density decreases. The least of the atomic density of fuel (lO'Vlo'^cm'3) is demonstrated for the LPR with a graphite maderator Next 2l ( lo it are D20, Be and BeO, and finally H:0 (10""••: IO cm ) The values of the minimal critical masses and correspondent critical radii, on the contrary, depend strongly on the reflecting material. The best reflector, of course, is heavy water, next to it is graphite. Among the moderators beryllium outstands It is somewhat inferior to graphite and DiO as to the magnitudes of the atomic densities of fuel and it surpasses them noticeably as to the magnitudes of the critical masses and critical sizes of LPR. It is possible to draw the same conclusion for the light-water LPR with the heavy-watei* (or graphite) reflector As it is well- known small values of m and R for the light-water LPR are caused by high slowing-down power and a small thermal-neutron diffusion length (a large thermal neutron absorption) in water The data are tabulated and may be used as a starting point for elaboration of preliminary design and for creation of the efficient model of LPR. References 1. A.S.Cherkasov, Abstracts of the 7lh Annual Conference on Science & Engineering of Nuclear Society of Russia. Moscow, 19%, P. 196 (In Russian). 2. A S Cherkasov, Abstracts of the 9" Annual Conference on Science & Engineering of Nuclear Society of Russia Ulianovsk-Dmitrovgrad, 1998, P. 124 (In Russian). 3. F V. Uunkin, V.l.Derzhiev, V.I.Subbotin. Preprint No 199, Physics Institute AS USSR, Moscow., 1^84, 29 p (In Russian) 4 A D.Gaianin ^Introduction to Theory of Nuclear Reactors on Thermal Neutrons». M.: Energoatomizdat, 1990 (In Russian) Section III. Activation Analysis, Radiochcniisti}. Production and Application oflsoiopcs. Nuclear 5 Alvin M. Weinberg and Eugene P. Winner «The physical theory of neutron chain reactors». The university of Chicago press, second impression. 1959. 6. Richard Stephenson. «lntroduction to nuclear engineering)). New York - Toronto - London, 1954. 7. K.F.Grebenkin, Yu.N.Zuev, L.N.Lakhtin et al. Atomnaya Energiya, 1997. Vol.83. No 2. P. 140 (In Russian). UZ0201835 APPLICATION OF TDPAC TECHNIQUE IN RADIOPIIARMACEUTICAL DESIGNING Sli|)inkovii L.G., Nikitin S.M. Sknht'lisyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia The main features of the time differential perturbed angular correlation (TDPAC) method are being discussed in the work in relation to its applicability to studying aqueous solutions of radiometal based complexes with organic ligands. which are used as radiopharmaceuticals (RIM I) or can be regarded as candidates for RPH designing. The radioactive isotopes used in radiopharmacology should have a half-life, which is long enough for required RPH distribution in a human body and short enough for reduction of the dose to a patient A radioactive isotope is to be bound to an organic compound forming a stable complex that reduces the metal toxicity and changes its biochemical behaviour. The complexes used in RPH designing are characterised by stability, ^-dimensional structure, electric charge, lipophilicity and /// vivo behaviour depending on the target organ or tissue. One of the most important characteristics is the stability of the radiometal complex /'// vivo, i.e at a certain temperature and physiological values of pll, in a presence of other ions, trasferrin and other'ion exchanging components of blood /// vitro stability is usually a good indication that the complex is to be stable /'// vivo. - The TDPAC technique allows getting information about the electric quadrupole interactions (EQI) of a probe nucleus with its local environment. The method is characterised by: • the applicability to systems with extremely low concentration of probe atoms (about I012 radioactive atoms per sample), • the high sensitivity to the charge density distribution around the probe atom, • the prominent difference between static and dynamic type of interaction, that, for instance, can be used, for example, for determining bound or unbound state of radioactive metal in a solution; • the independence of the method sensitivity on temperature, aggregation state, external fields, vibrations and sample container. One of the gamma-emitting isotopes used in the modern nuclear medical practice is '"in with a half-life of 2.7 days "in is also one of the most convenient isotopes used in the TDPAC method. The suitable for TDPAC measurements yy-cascade 172-245 keV in the daughter iUCd proceeds via ihe intermediate state 245 keV with the following nuclear characteristics: / =5/2, T, 2 - K4 us, Q ^ 0 8 barn). TDPAC offers a number of possibilities for studying '"in-containing complexes, including assessing the mobility and radius of 223 Scciion 111. Aclivniion Anal) sis. Rndiochcmislrv. Production and Applicnion of Isotopes. Nuclear Ins-iniiiicntaiion and Nuclc;ir Safely complexes and their stability in solutions in conditions simulating the "//; vivo" situation or even /// vivo using small laboratory animals TDPAC allows estimating the stability of the mln-comple\es in neutral solutions (pH * 7-7.5) in presence of other metallic ions and low-molecular complexons (which always present in the bloodstream). A criterion of the complex stability and its applicability for a further research as RPH is the dynamic type of EQi observed in the neutral aqueous solutions, while the static perturbation occurred when '"in-polymerisation in the form of hydroxides, when there are no stable complexes with organic liuand formed This analysis can be done rapidly and is useful at the initial stages of assessing the newly synthesised ligand applicability for RPH designing lor stable complexes, one can determine the relaxation constant XK for aqueous solutions and, measuring the quadrupole frequency with immobilised molecules, (On, to estimate an effective radius at a given solution viscosity and temperature. The estimated radius is compared with the calculated radii for different structures and the most probable structure can be chosen for the complex under study. In conclusion, TDPAC method can be characterised as a useful, sometimes unique, tool for studying new ligands used in RPH designe, the method, which gives new information about the processes of metal complexation with organic ligands. In part, the work was supported by the Russian Foundation for Masic Research (grant M-. 01-02-10625). UZ0201836 ELFX TRK QUADRUPOLi; INTERACTIONS w OF Ru IN C eRu2 AND LaRu2 'Ryasiiy G.K., 'Komissarova B.A., 'Shi)inkova L.G., 'Sorokin A.A., zGolubevu A.S., 'Nikitin S.M., 'Tsvyashchcnko A.V., JFomicliova I-.N. 'Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University ' Shuhnikov Institute of Crystallography. Russian Academy of Sciences J Vereshchagin Institute of High Pressure Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences CeRu2 and LaRu2 have recently attracted a close attention both by experimentalists and theorists due to their interesting magnetic and superconducting properties Both compounds have the same crystallographic structure of cubic Laves phase (C15). In these compounds, rare-earth elements occupy sites with cubic point symmetry, while Ru-sites have a 3-fold axial symmetry. Perturbed angular coirelation studies of electric quadrupole interactions of impurity Cd nuclei in CeRii2 and LaRii2 synthesised at high pressure [I] revealed that the probe atoms (parent isotopes, IMln) occupied the Ru-sites in both compounds. In LaRu2, the only site of probe Cd nuclei was observed and the quadrupole frequency, v,, e(J\':h, was found to be 230 MHz Two sites of probe Cd nuclei distinguished by the values of quadrupole frequencies were detected in CeRui (150 and 220 MHz) In the present work, wo studied the electric quadrupole interactions of wRu, the constituent element, in CeRiij and LaRu^ synthesised at high pressure in the same way as in [I] llnriched r)Ru (99.8%) was irradiated by 7 5 MeV protons for 24 hours in the cyclotron of 224 Section III. Activation Analysis. Rndiochcnusirv. Production mid Application of Isolopos. Nuclear Instrumentation and Nuclear Safety the Institute of Nuclear Physics. Moscow State University. The parent isotope, <>9Rh was produced by the (p,n) reaction "Kh decays to ""Ru by electron capture and two yy-cascades, 527-90 kcV and 354-90 KeV, are suitable for the time differential perturbed angular correlation (TDPAC) measurements The theoretical values of the correlation coefficients for these cascades are, respectively, -0.22 and 0 IX. I ho intermediate level 90 keV is characterised by spin l~3/2, half-life Tt ; 20.5 ns and u,uadrupole moment Q 0.3 barn. Both cascades were measured using the coincidence spectrometer equipped with c ''40.40 mm (for registering 527 or 354 keV y-ray) and Q30> I mm (for registering 90 keV y-ray) NaJ(TI) scintillators. UZ0201837 HUMAN HAIR COMPOSITION IN ENVIRONMENT MONITORING AND MAPPING Zhiik L.I., Dnnilovn E.A., Yashina T.Yu., Kist A.A. Institute of Nuclcitr Physics Uzbekistan Academy of Science, Tashkent, Uzbekistan The key task of the environment monitoring is lo detect the present situation and to estimate the trend of the situation development Fnvironmental monitoring is usually carried out by sampling and analysis o\~ rough airborne paniculate matter (usually trapping and analysis of ultra-thin particles and gas-vapor phase remain out of consideration), dry and wet precipitations, surface water (liquid phase, solid phase, and bottom sediments) soil, biota (plants and animals liquids and tissues), etc This approach is a quite convenient and informative in smaller in size studies or in case of an environmental accident with significantly elevated levels of contaminants in vicinity of a single source of contamination. This approach is hardly acceptable for a large area characterization or mapping of the situation because of extremely elemental composition temporal changeability and spatial mosaicity. These difficulties need permanent or very frequent sampling and a very huge number of analyses. This is why the researchers in the life sciences are trying to find the sample which is able to accumulate and average the environmental situation Lichen and mosses are very promisable in this connection but in many arid regions there object does not exist There were studied possibilities to use bee-honey, cob-web, etc One of possible indicators of large areas mapping is human hair. Human hair composition reflects both human body elemental status and an environmental situation. Changes are "recorded" along the hair and may be dated Important advantage is simplicity ol~ sampling In our Institute for many years using neutron activation analysis studies are carried out to map different in scale areas single city, region, country, the whole world Obtained maps allowed to make interesting conclusions and are briefly considered in the present talk As it is shown in the present contribution extremely informative is mapping using hair ol children (kindergarten) because of much smaller scale of movement (usually the kindergartens are situated close to children houses) and absence of occupational exposures. Very important is possibility to compare hair elemental composition with health status. In many cases were found statistically significant correlations in hair composition and health status What is also important that the hair composition mapping is possible in much more large areas and in lhe.se cases are also veiv siunilieant correlations with (he health status 225 Section 111 A«ju«'-aiiiw Analysis. Radiochemistr\. Prod.ici _!_.._ and Applicaikw e:i "M>U.-J>CS_ ' UZ0201838 Niu.lc.ir 5:»fclv______NEUTRON ACTIVATION ANALYSIS OF PHOSPHATE FERTILIZERS Kist A.A., Zhiik L.!., Danilova E.A. Institute of Nuclear Physics Uzbekistan Acudcmy of Science, Tashkent, Uzbekistan Phosphate rocks contain significant amount of impurities including toxic ones. Composition of phosphate rocks differs depending on deposit During phosphate rock processing these impurities are transferred into ready fertilizers Analysis of phosphate rocks and fertilizers is very important in start of exploitation of new deposit Jn this connection using instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) phosphate rocks from new Uzbekistan deposit (Kara-Jeroy) as well as technological interim products and phosphate fertilizer (ammophos) were analyzed High concentration of uranium, scandium and TR was found Analysis allowed to conclude that in process may be by-produced these elements Work has been carried out within framework of the BU "Copernicus" grant Project ICA2CT-2OOO-IOO25 The 354-90 KeV TOP AC 0,4, spectra measured at room 0.3] LaRu temperature are shown in Figure for LaRu: and CeRu Unlike u^Cd, the 0,2 2 only component was observed for 0,1 "Rii in the spectra for both 6,o* compounds. The quadnipole £ -0.1 '• i; frequencies, v,j, were found to be o -0,2; 33.1(3) and" 43.0(3) MHz, (0 0,3 iii respectively, for LaRu;. and CeRuj. 0,2 CeRu The observed quadrupole frequency 0,1 t*i- for CeRii2 can be compared with the o.ot results obtained in [2], where the 'sample was prepared at ambient -0,2! .... , . ,...... , . , , 7 ': pressure There were observed 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 several fractions and the most t,ns populated (*50%) fraction was characterised by the same frequency, 42.1(2) Mil/, as observed in the present work The work was supponed by the Russian Foundation lor Basic Research (grant 99-02-178975). I 13 A.Komissarova, G.K.Ryasny, A A Sorokin, I, G Shpinkova, A.V.Tsvyashchenko, L N Fomichova Abstracts of the Third International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics" Bukhara, 1999, p. 2()^ 2. S.H.Devare, H.G Devare, S.Sclioltz, L I reize, M Foiker llyperfme Interactions, 1983, v. 15/16 p.629 Scclion III. Actuation Analysis. Rnciiochemtstn. Producing and Application ol (SOIOJH UZ0201839 histnijvicntaiion and Nuclcai Safety _ __ _ v RADIOCHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY OF EXTRACTION OF CYCLOTRON RADIOISOTOPE CD-109 AND MAKING X-RAYS SOURCES ON ITS BASIS Arzuntanov A.A., Sychikov Institute of Nuclear rhysics NN(' RK, Al/naty, Kazakhstan In the submitted report the results of researches on development of technology of radiochemical extraction of cyclotron radioisotope Cd-109 from silver targets, irradiated with a proton beam with isochronous cyclotron U-I50M are presented The Cd-IO9 nuclide is produced from the l0vAg (p, n)l(WCd reaction with a low yield of Cd-)09 (2,6 mCi/niA-h for "natural" silver). A complex of operations on development of internal high-current silver target allowing one to reach activity of the Cd-109 radioisotope to the order of 50 mCi on the targets is described In the report, in a general view the technological plan of extraction of Cd-109 is submitted: -making internal silver target, • -irradiation of the target, -radiochemical extraction of the nuclide from the target. The basic performances (the volume of radionuclide and stable impurities) ihc final product of Cd-109 and methods of their check are specified The technology of making X-rays sources on the basis of a received solution Cd-109 by an electrolytic method is submitted additionally since just in this view the radionuelidc Cd- 109 finds technical application Some experimental X-rays sources were made and then tested in INP NNC RK, and they are expected be used in the fluorescent X-rays analysis The final purpose of the carried out operations is organization of half-industrial production of a radionuclide Cd-109 and X-rays sources based on this radionuclide. UZ0201840 APPLICATION OF NAA AND (n, f)-RAI)IOGRAPIIY FOR ASSESSMENT OF ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION DUE TO INDUSTRIAL ACTIVITY 'Uei tniiin K.B., VMJL Vaxitlov A., Tsipin V.Z., Tillacv T.S. Scietitific Association "Saniarkan(l^i'olo^ia», Samarkand, (Izhekistan Institute of Nuclear I'hysics, Uzbekistan Academy ojSciences, Tashkent, Uzbekistan Neutron Activation Analysis (NAA) and (n, Q-radiography have been used for assessment of environmental pollution by heavy metals and other elements caused by Industrial Estate activities The objects analyzed were tree leaves which can serve as the natural seasonal microelement collectors Sampling was made in me Industrial Ivsiatu area with several operating- plains, among them a mine processing enterprise, chemical and cotton processing plants A neutron induced (n, 0-i' 227 Section HI Activation Analysis. Radiochemistry. Production and Application of Isotopes. Nuclear Instrumentation and Nuclear Safety was subject to thermal neutron exposure in our WVVR-SM nuclear reactor Fission fragments from fee 215U(n, f) reaction form radiation damages - tracks - in me surface layer of me detector. Due to a close contact of the detector to me sample surface, location of tracks is consistent to location of me determined element This makes it possible to get a picture of surface distribution of fee element and, thus, to get an idea on genesis of pollution wife this element There are two principal ways for intake of pollutant elements in plants, namely, through fee root system from fee soil, and through fee aerosol, dust and/or rain deposition on leaves Presence of dense track spots like clusters or stars in fee produced radiographs asserts their genesis was due to industrial disposal and exhalation. Epicenter of fee highest uranium level field was spatially consistent to location of fee industrial plants, and, therefore, most probably, was generated by their activity. Other elements concentrations were determined by NAA Considerably excessive concentration level of some elements were observed in fee analyzed samples in compare wife fee element concentration data of fee averaged and standard plant samples available in publications. Thus, fee gold, chromium, scandium and antimony contents in me analyzed samples were by 1-2 orders of magnitude higher than those in fee standard plant samples. Higher concentration level of some elements in fee leaves sampled near fee Industrial Estate made it possible to state feat contamination wife those elements was due to industrial disposal and exhalation. UZ0201841 EFFECT OF GAMMA-RADIATION ON STRUCTURE-FINC TION CHARACTERS OF MITOCHONDRIA!, GENOME OF COTTON 'Gamal M. ICi-MeCabtcb, 2Ebragemov A. B. ' National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Cairo, Egypt 'Institute of Experimental Plant Biology, Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences The post-radiation reductions in structure of nucleic acids and functional activity of mitoribuiome and polysome in two cotton species by different doses of radiation were studied. Direct and indirect correlations were found between radiation doses and changes in contents of separate nucleotides in DNA and RNA. it was found that DNA of mitochondria irradiated with 250 and 500 Gy had one additional band except basic bands with buoyancy density of 1.710 g/cm3. By doses of 750, 1000 Gy, these bands were disappeared. Most heterogenic population in mitochondria! DNA in G. barbadense (sp C-6036) was found in experiments irradiated with 750 and 1000 Gy. By these three minor components having buoyancy density of 1.692, I 697 and 1.710 g/cm3 were ascertained. By molecular hybridization method, ascertained that with increase of radiation dose, the degree of homologicality of DNA was decreased. Starting from radiation dose of 500 Gy, quantity of ribosoma! RNA (rRNA) was decreased gradually and at the same time contents of protein were increased, by radiation doses of 100 and 250 Gy, a small increase of RNA contents was found Degradation of polysome aggregates in mitochondria was increased by radiation doses of 750, 1000 Gy. Analysis of non-cellular protein synthesis system in mitochondria of controlled and irradiated cotton spruts in-vitro, showed that non-cellular system of protein synthesis in G. barbadense (sp C-6037) is more stable to radiation damages than G hirsutum (sp I08F). 228 Section 111. Activiition Analysis. Radiochcniism, Production and Application ol Isotopes UZ0201842 Instrumentation i. d Nuclear Safely PRIORITIZING OPTIONS FOR COUNTERING NUCLEAR SMUGGLING Stanley A. Krickson Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, University of California, USA The theft of weapons-usable nuclear material from a storage site and the subsequent smuggling of it for purposes of nuclear terrorism or nuclear proliferation is a matter of grave concern to many governments There are a wide variety of methods that can be used to counter such smuggling, including improvements of various types in the security of the storage areas, improvements in the ability to search for and detect smuggled materials when being transported across the nation, improvements in the ability to detect vehicles illicitly crossing the land and sea borders of nations, and improvements in the ability of customs officials to detect such material at a border crossing or advance customs checkpoint. The relative value of these improvements is not obvious in many cases, and it would therefore appear to be useful to have a model or other means of comparing such improvements and to assist in the search for other possible improvements Such a model has been put together The central idea of the model is that smugglers will be'most influenced by the risks they face, rather than the costs of smuggling, as the price/mass of the material is very high, and obtaining it is very difficult These risks are estimated based on the paths that the material must follow in being brought from its origin in a storage site to the final destination. The model seeks the worst case situation, in.which the smugglers have enough information to select the least risky route out of the country. We can write the risk of smuggling as R = I - Max Max Max (I - /'„')(I - ljik)(I - /'/* ) ; i k where i enumerates nuclear sites, j enumerates border crossings, and k enumerates multiple routes and modes of transport between a single site and a single border crossing P, is the probability that detection occurs on the origin site, P, , the probability that detection between the site boundary and the border zone, and Pi, , the probability that detection occurs at the border. This formula holds for market-driven smuggling, where the smugglers can"choose the storage site they obtain material from. For origin^driven smuggling, where employees of a certain nuclear site are the dominant players in the smuggling, a simpler formulation is used. For each process that can lead to the detection and interdiction of the smuggling, the model provides a default formula to estimate the detection rate, and also includes provision for improved estimates to be provided by experts in each area. These areas include site security, law enforcement, border patrol and customs. The first risk to be laced is that of extracting the material from a storage site. Risks here include detection automatically by SNM detectors at site boundaries, visually at boundary fences, and by a host of other physical security measures. The model provides a default value to use for each site depending on the number of employees, material stored, and physical security expenditure. A detailed value can be used, for example as computed by ASSESS1, which models paths from the nuclear storage vaults in a site through the site to the outside, and computes probabilities of detection for each segment of the path It likewise seeks the worst case situation, i.e., that most favorable to the thieves. The model presented here adopts and adapts the form of ASSESS, and enumerates •representative paths all the way though the national borders, and evaluates the various means 'Cousins. T.f)., R.A. Al-Ayal, J.C. Manor, 1VS9. An Overview of ASSESS - Analytic System and Software for Evaluating Safeguards and Security. Proceedings, INMM Annual Meeting, 20, 690-6%. 229 Section HI. Activation Analysis. Radiochcmistry. Production an<\ App'icaoono!"Jsoiopcs. Nuclear of detection that exist. These include static situations, where the smugglers have existing routes prepared. Here the losses are due fo chance detection during travel ov change of transport mode, and to systematic search at the border. Routes that use illicit paths to cross the border are evaluated using a technical model appropriate to that type of vehicle. For example, aircraft flowing over non-1 ATA flight paths can be detected by radar, for which excellent technical models exist Situations where new equipment is deployed on existing smuggling routes cause smugglers to change their modus operandi, and to open up new smuggling routes. There is a risk associated with new route development in addition to that for existing routes; it includes recruitment risk and infrastructure development risk. These, as all other risk factors in the model, can be evaluated using simple default formulations, or can be subject to detailed evaluation. This form of model is useful both for origin country' models, where the nuclear material originates in the country being modeled, and for transit country models, where it is only passing through It is also adaptable to model a destination country where terrorists are attempting to smuggle in nuclear material The paper details the model organization and structure, means of estimating parameters in simple or in detailed form, potential sources \'or detailed values, and the organization of the databases. Work performed under the auspices of the US Department of Energy by the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract number W-7405-ENG-48. UZ0201843 ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES FOR RADIATION DETECTION Doiig:in A.I). , Lnbov S. Ixiwrcnce Livvnnore National Laboratory, UCRL-TB-l3<>275 Abs Radiation detection is central to the arms control, non-proliferation, and stockpile stewardship missions of the U.S. At Lawrence Livcrmore, we are developing innovative radiation detection techniques and technologies, and providing technical expertise to U.S. government agencies We also provide special facilities for instrument development, demonstrations, joint experiments, training, and education. We offer training on radiation detection equipment and protocols We provide a forum for collaboration with radiation detection experts from other organizations, including foreign countries, universities and industry. We promote the future of radiation detection competency by training postdoctoral researchers and students We are developing novel radiation detection systems with orders-of-magnitude improvements in sensitivity. This is important for the detection of highly enriched uranium and other materials. We have developed and are continuing to develop advanced computer codes to analyze the measurements of nuclear material. We are also developing detection systems for nuclear physics, astrophysics, medic.i! imaging, and law enforcement. 'Work performed under the auspices of tin.- U.S I department of Energy by the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract number W-7405-ENG-48. 230 Section HI. Activation Analysis. Radiocliemisiiy. Production and Application ol Isotope; UZ0201844 Instrumentation and Nuclear Safclv STUDY OF OSMIUM -191 ION EXTRACTION WITH DERIVATIVES OF 5-S-ALKIL-3-FENIL-l,3,4 TIADIA7X)LINTION-2 2Abduiahmanova U.K., 2Babaev B.N., 2Dalimov D.N., 'Gafurova R.N., 'Kadirova D.M. 'institute of Nuclear Physics, Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Tashkent, Uzbekistan ' A.S. Sadikov's Institute of' liioorganical Chemistry Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Tashkent, Uzbekistan Search for high-effective and selective extractors for determination and extraction of platinum metals in various objects is an important problem of analytical chemistry. With the purpose of revealing effective extractors of Osmium ion a number of derivatives of 5-S-alkil-3-fertil-l, 3, 4-tiadiazolintion-2 was synthesized by us: R - C, H7, CA lly, I - C, H,, Cj H11, C. H,,, C7 H15. Physical and chemical characteristics of the obtained compounds were determined and validity of their structure was confirmed with spectral analysis . .The process of Osmium extraction from chlorine sulfuric and nitric acids were studied by neutron-activation analysis using radioactiw Os-19 i isotope obtained by irradiation of metallic osmium in the VVR-SM reactor. The dependence of the efficiency of Osmium extraction on a solution acidity and the reagent structure was determined The optimal conditions were found for metal extraction from mineral acid solutions. Several derivatives of 5-S-R-3-fenil-l, 3, 4-tiadiazolintion-2 were found to make it possible to extract also silver and gold ions The conditions for a selective separation of Osmium from gold, silver, platinum, palladium, iridium ions with the help of the obtaint 1 compounds were determined UZ0201845 SORPTION EXTRACTION OF GOLD FROM AMMONIUM SOLUTIONS Allaniyazov N.M., KTuidaybergenov U. Institute of Nuclear Physics, Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Tashkent, Uzbekistan The possibility of sorption concentrating trace amount of gold with use of 19ilAu radionuclide was studied. In publications xw-tc are not information on possibility of sorption of gold from ammonium solution by annnites In this work, the results of a gold sorption from ammonium solution by anionite AM-2B are presented There was studied dependence of 231 Section III Activation Analysis, Rjidiochcinistry. Production and Application of isotopes. Nuclear Instrumentation and Nuclear Safety _.._. gold sorption on ammonium concentration, contact duration, time for saturation of the AM- 2B resin, and presence of copper, zinc, nickel, cobalt and calcium It was stated that in the range of ammonium concentration of 0.3 - 10 0 Mol/I. the gold sorption capability was 95-98 %. The gold sorption from the mixed solutions of Cu-500, Ni- 200, Zn-100, Co-50, Ca-1000 was 85-90% There was studied saturation of the AM-2B anionite by gold and the gold sorption. On the base of the received data on the gold sorption and desorption the attempt to extract gold from llotoconcentrate was made. For this purpose throe samples each of I g were irradiated in the irradiation pipe of the WVVR-SM reactor with a neutron flux 2.101'1 cm""sec* for 1 min. After 3 days cooling the exposed samples were mixed with the unexposed ones and digeSied in the 3HCI + IINOi acid solution at the ratio of solid-to-liquid of S L ~ 1:5. The produced solution was evaporated till wet salts and then, a radioactivity was measured. The salts were dissolved in 0 5 Mol/I HC'I and filtered, then, the radioactivities of filtrate and residue were measured By the difference of radioactivity of wet salts and filtrates, the extraction of gold from flotoconcentrah: was determined The solution was neutralized with ammonium solution till pH was 10-12 Then, anionite was added, and radioactivity of aqua phase and tesin was measured. From the results of those measurements the gold yield from flotoconcentrate was determined to be XO-90%. UZ0201846 EXTRACTION OF GOLD FROM IR()N-BEAKING PRODUCTS Allaniyazov N.M., Rakhmanov J., Uzakova U., Kliuilayliergeiiov U. Institute of Nuclear Physics, Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Tashkent, Uzbekistan To elaborate an effective technique to extract gold from iron-bearing products a possibility for gold extraction from samples with the mixed 3 HCI and 1 HNO.i acid solutions was studied. For that, five samples each of 10 g containing iron (magnetic fraction) were irradiated in the nuclear reactor. After 3 days cooling the samples were digested with the mixed 3 HCI and 1 UNO) acid solutions at the solid to liquid ratios of S L - 1:2; 1:3; 1:5. The solution was then evaporated till magnetic fraction dissolved totally and the salt was wet. The wet salt activity was measured using multichannel analyzer for gold content counting. Then, the salts were dissolved in 10% sulfuric acid, solution was separated and a residue was measured From the results of the wet salt residue measurements, the gold solubility was evaluated. In the proposed technique, the highest gold solubility was observed in the mixed 3 HCI and 1 UNO.i acid solutions at the ratio of S:L = 1:5. In this case a solubility and extraction of gold was determined to be 96 % Besides, a possibility of sorption extraction of gold from the magnetic fraction solution was determined. The solution contained besides iron many other elements such as gold, nickel, copper, cobalt, zinc, etc. For selective extraction oi' the gold from acidic solutions of magnetic fraction a macroporous bifunctional anionite AM-2 was used Selectivity of the sorbent was examined with Au-198. It was determined that gold was extracted from the sulfuric acid solutions of 0.1-10 Mol/I and from magnetic fraction solution consisting of 10 % sulfuric acid by 95-98%, while other elements of Fe, Cu, Co, Zt\, etc woe fully dissolved (Table). 232 Section III. Activation Analysis. Radiochcmistn. Production aucl Application of Isotopes. Nuclear Instrumentation and Nuclear Safely Table Concentration of H2SO.i, % Extraction of the elements by AM-2B anionite, % Au Fe I Cu Ni u Co Zn 5 98.3 0.11 0.31 0 20 0.15 0.24 10 99.1 0.12 0 40 0.19 0 13 0 21 20 99.2 0.13 0.33 0.26 0.12 0.30 UZ0201847 SEASONAL - SPRING CHANCES OF RADON VOLUMETRIC ACTIVITY IN AN ATMOSPHERE OF THE TASHKENT SUBWAY Akimov V.A., Vinokurova L.M., Mirachinedova N.IYI. Research and Production Association "Akademasboh" Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Tashkent, Uzbekistan With the help of standard radiometers "Alpha-GUARD" PQ2000-M and "Gamma- TRACER" (Germany) the researches of seasonal - spring changes of volumetric activity VA of radon fields and capacity of exposition dozes scale of radiation (EDSR) in underground auxiliary room of the Tashkent subway s.ations located in territories with various geochemical and geotectonic characteristics were carried out. The measurements of VA of radon in air of the auxiliary room of the Tashkent subway stations were carried out in a mode of natural diffusion with 24 and 72 hour exposition in May 200 lr. Influence of a level of ground waters on formation of radon fields in air of the auxiliary room of the Tashkent subway stations was observed. The temporal variations of VA of radon in air of the auxiliary room of the Tashkent subway stations located on the depth of 12m are poorly subject to influence of superficial atmospheric fluctuations of temperature, pressure and humidity, and in the greater degree depend on temporal variations of radon in a superficial layer of earth air in soils adjacent to stations and on their geophysical and geochemical structure, level of earth waters characterized by elevated radon content. The geochemical characteristics of the stations areas - terrace of Chirchik river; a roof of capacity 0,5 - 2 m of soupec and loamy soils on gravelits, shingle, sand with layers of swampy-lake clays, capable of playing a role of accumulators - donors ofradon In Table I, the daily average VA of radon and (EDSR) on the subway stations received in a dry season (August - 2,4 columns) and spring (May - 3,5 columns ) are given In brackets there are indicated daily average quantity of air exchange in premises The daily average qupntity of air exchange in premises (Table 2) has increased on 20 %, nevertheless daily average VA of radon has grown in average by 50 % It is possible to explain similar increase of radon VA only by rise of ground waters The spring rise of ground waters has rendered more essential influence on VA of radon than local influence of geotectonic factors. If in a dry season these factors were clearly shown (Table 3): average VA of radon for group of stations (15 stations) taking place on breaks are equal 43, for other stations 30 Bk.m"\ in May these values were accordingly equal lo 57 and 53 Bk m\ For stations with a close arrangement rivers (8 stations) and absence those (15 stations) these values were equal accordingly to 51 233 Section HI. Activation Analysis. Radiochcmistry, Production ;md Application ot Isotopes. Nuclear Instrumentation and Nudear Safety and 27 Bk.rn'3, difference is practically twice, in spring these values were equal accordingly lo 58 and 52 Bk.m"3, thus, it is possible to speak only about the tendency, which was kept. It is necessary to note, that in a dry season the affinity of an arrangement of the rivers to stations results practically to the same average VA of radon (51 Bk.nf'), as in spring for other stations (52 Bk.m'3). The closely located rivers raise a level of ground waters and influence on VA oF radon at the stations The character of changes of radon VA and quantity of air exchange in a day time in relation to night practically has remained the same (Table -Nb2), EDSRon stations practically has not changed either, that specifies that the source scale of radiation is not connected to accumulation of radon in office accommodations Table 1 The name of Stations VA '"Rn VA ZJ2Rn (EDSR) mkR-h'1 (EDSR) 1 Bkml( nh"1). Bk-m'5( nh'1) August. mkRh may 1 ? 3 4 5 Biruni 33 (0 087) 55(0.12) 12 15 Tinchlik 30 (0 085) 58(0 15) 15 16 Chorsu 68(0 071) 62(0 1) 13 17 Ci.jfiir - Guljm 39(0 118) 61 (0.P3) 14 15 Navoi 21(0 136) 87(0 1 17) 14 17 I'zbekistanskaj 28(0 111) 64(0 130) 11 15 Kos'monavtov, 28(0 107) 26(0 150) 12 14 Oybek 29(0 131) 49(0 1) 12 14 Taskent 48(0085) 41 (0 14) n 16 Masinocozlar 55(0 115) 84(0 11) i6 15 Chkalova 44 (0 093) 100(0.12) 12 17 Sahir-Rachimova, 14(0 147) 33 (0 I/"*) 13 14 Chilonzar 22 (0 145) 31 (0 1'4) 15 14 (Jlugbek 19(0 129) 26(0 147) 13 14 Hamza 18(0 142) 24(0 153) 14 14 Rslik 32 (0 088) 37(0 1) 12 13 Drugba-Narodov 22(0 132) 36(0.16) 12 14 Pachtakor 31 (0 107) 49(0 123) 14 14 Musfakilik 23 (0 123) 40(0 124) 11 13 Amira-Timura 46 (0 088) 39(0 124) 16 13 • Harnjda-Alimgana " 28(0 125) 98(0 10 7) 13 16 Puskina 137(0081) 96 (0 1 .SO). 14 14 Ipak- luli 45 (0 094) 78(0 1 II) 16 16 Table 2 Average radon VA and air exchange on the Subway Stations for various periods of day, in brackets there are given spring measurements data The name of a line daily average VA of Average VA of Average VA of Subway Stations. radon, Bk.nV3, radon, Bk.m'3 from radon, Bk.irf* from quantity of air 1 h to 8h , quantity of 8h to lh, quantity of exchange (nh') air exchange (nh"1) air exchange (nh"1) Biruni-Chkalov 39 (62) 48(61) 35 (67) 0.104(0.124) 0.081 0.108 Sabir-Rachimov- 36(49) 40 (43) 35(54) Ipak-Juli. 0.117(0.133) 0.090 0.126(0.142) O6e J1HHI1H 37(55) 44 (53) 35(60) 0.110(0.129) 0.086(0.120) 0.117(0.138) 234 Section HI Activation Analysis, Radiochcmistry. Production nnd Application of 'Isotopes. Nuclear instrumentation and Nuclear Safety Table 3 Average of daily average ration VA and (KOSR) on groups of (he Subway stations Distribution of stations to The break is the break is not River River attributes ®-•> ( 1 5 st ) present <50m •100 (»st.) (8st.) (ISst) VA 222Rn Bkm' 43(57) 30(5.3) 51(58) 27 (52) EDSR mkRh"1 13(14 4) 15(152) References 1. Titov E.K.., Lasko B.P., Chernik DA Express determination of radon in soils and buildings, SPb, VIRG, 1992 , 40 p. 2. Tashkent earthquake of April 26 1966 of Tashkent. Izd-in "FAN", 1971, 672 p. 3. Serdjukova AS.., Capitanov Ju.T. Isotopes of radon and products of their disintegration in a nature, M., Atomizdat, 1909 ,312 p. 4. Akimov V.A., Dissertion Research of dynamics of radon gas in territory of the Tashkent underground AN RU Tashkent 2001. 138p UZ0201848 THE SPECIALIZED SYSTEM OF INTERNET-CACHING OF NUCLEAR - PHYSICS INFORMATION Ananchenkov V.I., Gurvich L.G., Tillaev T.S., Raklunatov N.I. Institute of Nuclear Physics, Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Tashkent, Uzbekistan Development of a global Internet Web and creation there a large number of sites, on which the information practically on all fields of knowledge and scientific directions is concentrated is characterized by the repeated circulation of scientific and other users to this information. With the purpose of a diminishing a number of the repeated appeals for the same information to a particular site, the system of caching was developed, the principles of which operation are that once requested from the site information is stored on the hard disk of the server of a corporate or a local network. At the repeated request for the same information, the specialized server, scanning TCP tratTic, will readdress this request to the local cache, whence it is read out with a browser of the last user. There is no a possibility of thematic analysis of the TCP in the standard PROXY servers. Any information not having a corporate value can be stored in the standard cache PROXY of the server, therefore becomes expedient to create an intellectual system writing in the specialized cache only that information, which is necessary for the corporate users. With the purpose of the analysis, selection and saving in the cache of nuclear-physical and other specialized information necessary for activity of the Institute of Nuclear Physics there is created an intellectual Proxy-server - SERVER PROXY SPECIAL PHYSICS (SPSP). The software product of this server consists of three main function boxes. - SCANNER inspecting the down-loaded TCP traffic and analyzing each required URL with the purpose of possible readdress of the request, for an insert of an appropriate material from the Internet Web in the SPSP cache, if the consulting model will detect in it 235 Section HI. Activation Anahsis. Rndiochcmisiry. Production and Application of Isotopes, Nuclear IiisinimeniaUon and Nuclear Safety v the information, which corresponds to the Institute research topics or other informations necessary for activity of the Institute of Nuclear Physics; CONSULTING MODEL automatically analyzing information on its correspondence to the specific subjects and accepting an independent solution on a long-term storage in the SPSP cache; MANAGER - a system of administrative monitoring of the INTERNET usage of resources permitting operative!}' to watch the TCP traffic of each user and to manage a data base of the SPSP cache, including expanding volume of a knowledge base of the consulting model, which is executed in the form of thesaur based on the use of the five- lingual Russian-English-German-French-Uzbek electronic dictionary on nuclear physics developed at the Institute of Nuclear Physics CREATION OF PROBLEM AND SUBJECT ORIENTED CODE ELECTRONIC INTELLIGENT DATABASES IN UZBEKISTAN 'Arifov IMJ., 'imaniov K.Z., 'Safarova S.A., 2Mirzamukliamcdov B.» 3Uralova N.O., "lMukl)aincdjanov N.Z,., *Nurmatov Q.S. 1Institute of Problems of Higher and Special Education, Tashkent, Uzbekistan 2 Tashkent State Economic University, Tashkent, Uzbekistan 2Republican Institute of Health, lashkent, Uzbekistan 4 "Aha Medika " Medical Research Diagnostics ('enter, Tashkent, I hbekislan '' National Hank of Uzbekistan Tashkent, Uzbekistan The objectives of this report is to attract the colleagues from abroad to practical exploration of professional intellectual resources potential of scientists and specialists in the process of creation in Uzbekistan of code electronic bibliographic, annotation and-facto graphic databases for global usage. Beginning from 1990s the intellectual and industrial systematic integration of activities of specialists and organizations has become a new mass and global phenomenon in industrially developed countries There are a number of objectives of the necessity to prepare in Uzbekistan annotation and facto graphic databases for global use And one of them is the social economic position of Uzbekistan in the world community, which is unique because there are highly qualified specialists (up to 1500-2000), who are able, as of today, to participate professionally with high self motivation in creation of annotation and facto graphic databases for global usage in innovation market economy environment. This will provide the investor with the most favorable conditions in the world concerning the salary payments to all the employees who are connected with this or other projects for the preparation of the electronic code annotation and facto graphic databases. On the other hand, in the 1970-90s EPA-methods have rapidly been developed and become cheaper, today they are competitive due to their economic characteristics among other updated methods in different spheres of science - technical, medical, biological., agricultural, educational, industrial, cultural, regional macroeconomics, etc. The researches in the field of chemistry and physics, practical applications of exotic quantum particles of positron and positronium for last 30 years of the 201'1 century have made 236 Section III. Activation Analysis, Radiochcmistry. Production and Application of Isotopes. Nuclear Instrumentation and Nuclear S:\fetv a base and have generated in Uzbekistan significant intellectual potential of experts of a structural R&D in the scientific establishments and universities of our country. Actually the shortcomings in realization of international guards of protection on objects of the intellectual property concerning R&D. for example, in the field of chemistry and physics of positron and positronium, positronium diagnostics for Uzbekistan consist (according to authors' opinion) of the following: 1) Lack of experts ~ lawyers who have a qualification in intellectual property in our country. 2) The inaccessibility of the actual information about the modern achievements, both necessary knowledge and practical experience of protection of objects of the intellectual property among the workers of the science involved jobs 3) The practical absence of necessary knowledge and experience in using specific code electronic computer information and knowledge databases in basic parts of experiments. 4) Referred to the area of R&D in the field of chemistry and physics of positron and positronium, positron diagnostics, analysis, which was done by the authors of this article, it has shown the ability of the legal protection of objects of intellectual property created as a results of a long-term research by the experts of Uzbekistan I. Arifov P.U., et all. Experience of creation DB positronica in the Institute of Electronocs of the Academy of Science of the UzSSR. /Tashkent: Fan.-198().-p. 16 2.- Arifov P U., et. all. Annihilation data base formation./ Positron annihilation- . Eds P.C.Jain, P.M.Singru and K.P Gopinathan. Singapore, World Scientific Publ.Co , 1985- pp828-829 3. Abdurasulev Z.R., et. all. Automatic system for storage and search of annihilation data.// Cryst Res.Technol., 1988 -Vol.23.-N 3.-p.p 455-458 4. Arifov P.U., et. all. Electron positron annihilation: traditional and new applications. Interaction of corpuscular Hows with a Solid State Surface. Ed Saidov MS /Tashkent: Fan -1992.-p 185-195 5. World Conference on Intellectual Systems for Industrial Automation. Edited by N. R. Usifbekov, R. Aliev, F Aliew Tashkent, Uzbekistan, September 14-16, 2000. Proceedings. B-Quadrat Verlag. 86916 Kaufering. 6. Arifov P.U. et al., On creation of problem and subject oriented code electronic intelligent databases in Uzbekistan for global usage: pp. 220-223 UZ0201849 NEUTRON - RADIATION METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF MIXTURE COMPONENT CONCENTRATIONS Arinov G.A., Kurbanov B.I. Institute oj Nuclear Physics, Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Tashkent, Uzbekistan ft is known that under thermal neutron exposure the sample nuclei due to neutron capture get the excited energy state and then, pass to the lower stable state emitting radiation gamma-rays. These gamma spectra correspond to the appropriate elements and knowing intensity of this gamma-radiation it is possible to determine the concentrations of those 237 Section 111. Activation Analysis. Radiochcmisiry. Production and Application of Isotopes. Nuclear Instrumentation and Nuclear Safely elements in the sample. Almost all of the elements emit such prompt neutron capture gamma- radiation, that made it possible using prompt y.amma-spectroscopv to determine simultaneously concentrations of all of the available dements This method has a number of advantages in comparing with other analytical methods In particular, with the help of this method the sample can be analyzed without direct contact with it However, existing ways of neutron-radiation analysis demand to measure mass, purity, volume and density of the sample, additionally to the intensity of the characteristic gamma-radiation. It makes a little difficulty in using principal possibility of the method - determination of the component concentrations without contact with the sample. In this work, the method to determine concentrations of mixture components without contact with the sample is presented This method was examined on several samples of mixtures consisting of light elements (hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur, chlorine). It was shown, that the method had satisfactory parameters (analysis time of 5 min) for monitoring some chemical-technological processes of producing materials and substances direct contact to which was difficult or not desirable due to their specific properties (for example, explosive or im flammable). UZ0201850 DEPENDENCE OF Au ION EXTRACTION EFFICIENCY ON EXTRACTOR STRUCTURE AND ACIDITY OF ELEMENTS ENVIRONMENT 2Babaev B.N..2Dalimov O.N., 'Gafurova R.N., 'Kadirova D.M., 3Babaev N.B., JDjuraev Z.Y. 'Institute uf Nuclear. Physics Uzbekistan Academy of Science, Tashkent, Uzbekistan 2Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry named after Academic A.S. Sadikov Uzbekistan Academy of Science, Tashkent, Uzbekistan } National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan The extraction method makes it possible to extract very little amount of gold, silver and other noble metals into organic phase in pure form and is easily combined with other methods of element concentrating, for example, neutron-activation one In order to obtain extractor of gold ions from pure solutions and industrial sewage, different derivatives of dialkoksytyophosphoric, alkoksymethyltion phosphoric and alkoksyphenyl phosphoric acids, containing hydrophobic and hydrofilitic groupings have been synthesized. Structures of these compounds were verified by the data of 111, PMR and mass-spectrometry, and also element analysis. Extraction of gold ions (source H[AuCl.|]) was studied with the neutron-activation method. Radionuclide l98Au generated in the VVR-SM reactor were used for isotope exchange. The effectiveness of gold ton extraction was found to depend upon both extractor structure and acid type (HCI, H2SO4, HNO, ) and a solution acidity (0,l-IO,O M). It was found, that gold ions can be extracted into organic phase with a selectivity by 18-20 times higher than silver and platinum group metals. 238 Section III. Activation Analysis, Radiochcmistry. Production and Application of Isotopes UZ0201851 Instrumentation and Nuclear Sale!) _ _ _ _. RADIO-NUCUDES IN NATURAL OBJECTS * OF THE CHATKAL BIOSPHERE RESERVE 'DarvishkhodjacvH., 'Dorofecv A.A., 'inoyatov A.Kh., 2Muminov I.T., JMukhamedov A.K., 'Rashidova D.Sh.,''Salarov A.N., 'Kholbaev I., 'Khudoyberdiev A. 'Institute of Applied Physics of the National I 'niversity of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan 'National University <>f Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan Samarkand Stale I Iniwrsitv, Samarkand, I hhekistan Contents of natural 2HPb. 2l4Bi (V=IOO cm', AEv-6,2 KeV at E/ 1332 KeV) and scintillation NaJ(TI) (O63X66mm, R=7% at Ey -661 KeV) gamma-spectrometers. The method used for measuring low activities of natural objects were described in our earlier work f I j. The water samples of Boshkizilsoy river were taken from the depth of 50 cm directly to Matindli's vessels Table 1 IJ7Cs contents in (he soil of Chatkal ridge taken by 1 cm strata The area Cx, B(|/kg at the depth of X, cm (the height above 0 1 2 4 5 7 10 20 30 sea level, in) Crest (1400) 81 87 42 25 1 1 6 2 •'A 5 Slope(1300) 28 30 27 21 28 18 14 8 <0,5 Slope (1200) 53 66 31 ^7 24 20 3,3 •0,5 Terrace (1300) 51 56 41 42 37 32 22 14 <0,5 Foot (1170) 68 84 96 102 66 53 30 13 4,1 2,7 Table 2 Contents of the natural radionuclides in the samples Sample A, Bt|/k« • 20 7.1 "'K 28Ac l2Bi *TI 'Pb ''Bi Water" 0,9 0,9 0,4 " 0,4 0,4 2,1 Soil2) 41(1) 40(1) 13(1) 29(1) 31(1) 650(40) Plant — -- 1,7(0,4) 10(2) 11(2) 1105(70) Stones: liparit 116(4) — 38(2) 58(2) 56(2) 1830(100) grandiorit 80(3) — 25(2) 38(2) 41(2) 1180(70) trakhiliprit 105(4) — 33(2) 56(2) 59(2) 2290(100) granite 140(5) - 44(2) 34(2) L_J3(2) 1840(100) 1) error %30% 2) -averaging by strata 0 - 50 cm The soil samples v/ere taken from 0 cm to 50 cm depth of crests, slopes and terrace of mountain hills by a 1 cm stratum and then were dried and reduced in size. The plant samples were brought to air-dried condition and then were reduced in size. The rock samples were reduced in size to 5um. Prepared samples were hermetically packed to Marinelli's vessels of 1 liter The detectors were calibrated for their gamma-radiation detecting efficiencies with a help of standard sources'of'IOK, ulCs, "7Cs, 22('lla and 232Th from a set of volumetric measures of activity for special purpose [2|. 239 Section HI. Activation Analysis. Riidiochcmistry. Production and Application of Isotopes. Nuclear Instrumentation and Nuclear Safety 222Rn lines were not observed in gamma-spectra of water samples This was probably due to intensive radon emanation to atmosphere occurred due to waterfalls on many thresholds of the riverbed. Human-induced " Ts radionuclide was only found in the samples of upper strata of soil taken from the depth down to 20 cm The data of the table I show dependence of l37Cs on the depth of measured soil strata The data of the table 2 show the contents of the natural radio-nuclides in the measured samples of water, soil, plant and rocks. Reference 1. A Mukhamedov, G.V.Poteshkin, U S Salikhbaev ct al Gamma-spectrometric extermination of natural radionuclides content in environment. - Atomic Energy, v.86, X«l(1999), p.36. 2. Sertificate JSr2l 10/95 D.I.Mendeleev name VNI1M. St.Peterburg, 1995 year. 1111 UZ0201852 AN APPLICATION OF RESONANCE NUCLEAR REACTIONS NN (p,y) AND 15N (p,ay) FOR THE DETERMINATION OF AN liSOTOPIC COMPOSITION OF NITROGEN FERTILIZERS Bsiktybaev M.K., Btirminskij V.P., Burtcbacv N., Burtebacva P.T.. D/hazairov- Kakhramanov V., Kariyrzhanov K.K., Zarifov R.A., Zuzulin D.M. Institute of Nuclear Physics ofNNi' P.K. A/maty, Kazakhstan The method of labeled nitrogen by application of heavy stable isotope I5N revealed the new possibilities for solution of one of the main problems in chemicalization of agriculture -- an effective utilization of fertilizers This is the only method in agricultural chemistry allowing one to trace directly behaviour of nitrogen fertilizers and to obtain quantitative estimation of separated processes of nitrogen fertilizer conversion into agroecosystems jn the field conditions. The main method of the nitrogen isotope composition determination is mass- spectrometric one. Till the 1960s there was applied in agricultural chemistry only this method of isotope studies with the labeled nitrogen. Nowadays there is widely applied the method of emission spectrometry. At the present time, there are a nmnh-r of other proposed methods: gas chromatography, nuclear-magnetic resonance, infra-red spectrometry. However, they are not prevalent in the isotope studies on agricultural chemistry. Availability of highly skilled specialists at the Nuclear Physics Institute on investigation of nuclear reactions, as well as basic nuclear facilities: cyclotron and electrostatic accelerator, has stimulated the research of alternative methods of the nitrogen isotope composition determinations in the studied samples. For example, nuclear reactions of radiation capture by the determination of an elemental composition of substances are widespread. The review of available data on MN (p,y) and I5N (p, ay) reactions has shown that an existence of resonances in these processes allows one to select a proton energy range where the reaction yield is comparable with the reaction yield for enriched samples (15N is about 10%). For example, far from the resonance, the yield of the first reaction is by (3 + 4) orders lower than that of the second reaction. And at the resonance E,,--1058 keV the yield of the reaction UN (p, y) increases by (2 - 3) orders. 240 Section III. Activation Analysis. Radiochcmistry. Production and Application of Isotopes. Nuclear Instrumentation and Nuclear Safety „ _ In the led-out proton beam of the recharging electrostatic accelerator of INP NNC RK there was carried out the experiment on the determination of relative yields of reactions N (p, y) and I?N (p, ay) at the energy of E,,^ 1058 KeV for two types of chemical compounds of nitrogen: (NH4)2SO4 and NH4CI For nuclear-physical experiments there were used fine layers of nitrogen compounds (-100 micro-g/cm ), deposited onto thick backings of pure copper (~20g/cm2). The better relation of the yields of investigated reactions was obtained for the second compound of nitrogen The significant yield of the reaction NN (p, y) in this case was achieved due to larger relative weight of MN - nuclei in the composition of compounds. A resonance nature (character) of this reaction requires to work out a technology of the manufacture of very fine homogeneous layers of nitrogen compounds (~ 10 micro-g/cm'). UZ0201853 RADIOCHEMICAL BASES OF GALLIUM-68 GENERATOR Egiuncdiev S.Kh., Khujaev S. Institute of Nuclear Physics, Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Tashkent, Uzbekistan ( The radioactive nuclide "Ga (Tt 2--68.3 min) produced by the electron capture decay of 68Ge (T| 2-288 d) is useful in positron emission tomography (PET). The (>! 241 Section Hi. Activation Analysis, Radiochcniistry. Production and Application of Isotopes. Nuclear Instrumentation and Nuclear Safely Systematic studies of the adsorption of carrier-free "8Ge on aluminum oxide in the pH range 0-12, from moderately acidic solutions (0.1-4 mol/l HCI. HNO.t, H2SO4), from sodium hydrooxide solutions (0.001 - 2 mol/l NaOH) were made [2], Adsorption behavior of 61{Ga daughter radionuclide was examined by desorption method in order to find the best conditions for separation of 68Ge - 6*Ga radionuclide chain. It was shown, that after preliminary treatment of aluminum oxide by 0.1 mol/l NaOH with subsequent adsorption of 68Ge from NaOH solutions (0.001 - 0.1 mol/l) and adsorbent with lJ;Ge washing by 0.1 mol/l HCI assured effective separation of 68Ge - 08Ga radionuclide chain, while gallium-68 desorption reached 65%. The iniluence of preliminary annealing (at 400°C and 1000°C) and wet treatment (with 0.1 mol/l HCI; with 0.1 mol/l NaOH; and their combination) of aluminum oxide on separation efficiency of <>xGe - llSGa radionuclide chain were studied [3]. It was found, that preliminary treatment of AhOj at 1000"C provided the best conditions for separation of daughter radionuclide oKGa from the parent radionuclide 6! References 1 S.Kh. Egamediev, S. Khujaev // Presentations of I Eurasia Conf. on Nucl. Science and its Applications. Izmir (Turkey).23-27 Oct. 2000 -V.2.-P.643-647. 2. S.Kh. Egamediev, S. Khujaev// Radiokhimiya.-I996.-V.38, N.3.-P.537-539. 3. S.Kh.'Egamediev, S. Khujaev // j. of Radioanal. and Nucl. Chem.-2000.-V.246, N.3.- P.593-596. 4. S.Kh. Egamediev, S. Khujaev // Radiokhimiya.-2000.-V.42, N.2.-P. 162-163. UZ0201854 PILOT-COMMERCIAL COMPLEX FOR X-RAY - RADIOMETRIC SORTING OF GOLD SULFIDE ORE OF KOKPATAS DEPOSIT Novikov V.V., Pronin N.I., Eremin A.M., Fil V.I. Navoi Mining & Metallurgy Combinut, Navoi, Uzbekistan Navoi Mining & Metallurgy Combinat successively introduces into production process the technologies of preliminary mechanical concentration of gold-sulfide ore of Kokpatas and Daugyztau Deposits at the place of mining by means of X-ray and radiometric methods of particle and portion sorting. It will make it possible to exclude more than 50% mined mass having non-conditional ore grade from further transportation and processing and almost twice increase grade of the ore processed at the Hydrometallurgical Plant M> 3. Introduction of the preliminary concentration technology is expected to significantly improve the performances of Kokpatas and Daugyztau Deposits Development Project. It is expected to construct the initial Pilot-Commercial Ore Sorting Complex (PCOSC) with 1.2 million tons of mined ore potential annual output to conduct the first stage (2001- 242 Section HI. Activation Analysis. Rudiochcmislry. Production and Application of Isotopes. Nuclear Instrumentation and Nuclear Safctx 2002) of large portion testing of the preliminary concentration technology for different types and grades of gold ore at Kokpatas Deposit, Nothern Mining Administration Detailed Design for this Complex construction was developed by Central Asian Scientific Research and Project Institute of Industrial Technologies. The preliminary concentration process flow sheet includes the following operations: separation of oversize (+450mm size) at unbalanced-throw grizzly screen, crushing of oversize by means of hammer; preliminary ore screening into -200mm and -450'200mm sizes; additional crushing of -450+200mm size; dry screening of -200mm lump size ore into sizes - 200+100mm, - 100+50mm, -5O+25mm and -25mm; peace by peace sorting of -200+100mm, -100+50mm, - 5O+25mm sizes at the X-ray-radiometric separators working in "go-ahead" mode of sorting (two stages as a minimum); small portion (-25mm size) sorting at the conveyor belt using the data of continuos radiometric sampling; balanced sampling of concentrate and tailings; transportation of concentrate after peace by peace and small portion sorting to the ore court of the open pit and further loading into dumpcars for delivery to the Hydrometallurgical Plant JVi»IJ; tailings transportation and storing. Within the framework of PCOSC it is provided for use of separators designed by INTEGRA GROUP specialists (PPC model) as a primary ore sotting equipment. System of new fundamental methods, devices, software and etc was realized in this separator which improves significantly the results of the preliminary concentration. The following problems are expected to be solved at PCOSC: more accurate definition of the in-process data of the preliminary concentration (large portion sorting of mined ore mass in the bulk of a truck, peace by peace sorting of -2OO+25mm size and small portion sorting of-25mm-size at the conveyor belt); more precise definition of granulometric composition, boundary values of size grades, .selection of the mode of ore mass crushing and dry screening; more precise definition of gold and impurity-elements distribution in size grades of initial ore; evaluation of operational-technological performances of the primary ore sotting and preparing equipment and production process control systems used in PCOSC, their debugging based on the results of pilot-commercial operation, development of organizational management system used in PCOSC operation. After completion of the planned pilot-commercial works in 2003 PCOSC will be put into commercial operation within the framework of the first stage of the Basic Ore Sorting Complex which is planned to be constructed in future UZ0201855 ZINC CONTENT MEASUREMENT IN ORGANS OF RATS WITH EXPERIMENTAL DIABETES BY ACTIVATION ANALYSIS An A.P., Isaev E.I., Ergashova M.J., Zhuk L.I., Saatov T.S. Tashkent of Biochemistry Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Tashkent, Uzbekistan Activation analysis has been used to study the content of zinc in normal (spleen, testes, heart, kidney, pancreas, liver, brain) rats, rats with experimental diabetes and diabetic rats administered with insulin. The results show that diabetes mellitus causes zinc decrease in almost all rat organs, brain and kidney excluded Significant alterations in cerebral zinc are not observed, while two-fold renal zinc increase can be seen Pancreas, liver and testes turned out to be the most ill-supplied in zinc with 34%, 25% and two-fold decrease of its content in the organs, respectively. 20% zinc content decrease was observed in heart, 26% - in spleen. 243 Section II! Activation Analysis. Radi©chemistry, Production and Application of Isotopes. Nuclear Instrumentation and Nuclear Safety The alterations in zinc level affect functions of the organs above. In particular, zinc decrease affects insulin production by beta-cells of pancreas, since there is a direct relation between zinc and mechanism of hormone formation and secretion. Resides, forming a complex with insulin molecule zinc prevents its destruction, yielding prolonged effect Zinc deficiency in festes upon alloxan diabetes results in their size reduction and atrophy Insulin administration to alloxan diabetic rats causes increase in zinc ions in pancreas, heart, spleen and testes, probably to be connected with insulin inhibition of ammo acid •- and protein destruction. It can be suggested that under the effect of the insulin zinc content increase in the organs under study favorably affects metabolic processes UZ0201856 PROSPECTS FOR APPLICATION OF NUCLEAR PHYSICS Ml/I HODS OF CONTROL IN AN INTEGRATED MINING AND UPGRADING PROCESS FOR PHOPHORITE ORE Inosemlscv S. B., Fertv;>nin S.N. Ncfvoi Milting In the complex process flow sheet for upgrading phosphorite ore currently used in the Navoi fwining and Metallurgical Combinat (NMMC) the dry ore preparation techniques are sequentially combined with wet processes of additional enrichment. In this flow sheet we apply enrichment methods developed by the company's technicians, which is based on radiological features of the phosphorite ore.. These methods include a process for selective extraction oi" different ores type using advanced radiometric testing for operational control and management of selective extraction of phosphorite beds by milling cutter-loaders and a process for radiometric ore sorting into transport vessels, i.e. trucks used for ore transportation Due to implementation of these technologies up to 10 --15%.of tails, represented mostly by waste rock, are removed to waste dumps, the volume of ore fed to further treatment by more costly and power consuming techniques is reduced, the amount of detrimental impurities is significantly cut and concentration of phosphor is increased. By application of these innovations stability of ore quality is secured, which is one of the most important conditions for achieving high process performance in upgrading of the phosphorite ore However, the scope of applications of the nuclear methods in the process of mining and upgrading of phosphorites is not limited by radiometry only. Thus, for instance, in order to provide operational geological exploration, estimation of radiometric sorting validity, quality testing of ore stockpiles and control of process modes in processing of feed products we plan to establish a mobile express-laboratory equipped with X-ray and fluorescent spectrometers like SPECTR.OSCAN-LF, approved for application with phosphorite ore. Issues related to enhancement of the process efficiency of the phosphorite ore per truck sorting by use of X-ray and radiomttric testing for the elements correlated with phosphor are investigated The problem of development of the distant neutron activation testing for phosphor is set in order to promptly control the quality of different grade phosphorite concentrates when dispatching them to the chemical facilities of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Introduction of electronic hydrometers for continuous moisture control of phosphorite ore fed for enrichment in order to optimize drying modes should be solved. 244 Section III Activation Analysis. Riulioclicmisiiy. Production ;incl Application ol Isotopes UZ0201857 RADIATION-IX OLOGK AL ASPECTS OF U RAN I I'M IN-SI'IT LKACHING Tolslov F..A., (jiutsinov V.A.., Ino/iMiitscv S.B. Navoi Mining d- Metallurgy Comhinal, \'avoi, Uzbekistan In the period of time when the Navoi Mining & Metallurgy Combinat (NMMC) used the conventional methods of uranium mining it had all the ecological problems typical for mining industry. Large areas of the land surface were being destroyed, waste dumps were formed, radioactive wastes in a form of sub-economic ore and "tailings" of uranium ore processing were being accumulated, huge volumes of underground water were being wasted on to the relief, significant dust emission into atmosphere in the process of blasting operations at the open pits took place. The total effective dose from all man-caused radiation-dangerous factors obtained by miners (especially in underground mining) amounted to 20-40 mSv/year. Since the moment of the open pits and schafts closure and complete transition to in-situ leach (ISL) uranium mining NMMC has not had the reasons for arising of all the above mentioned negative effects on the environment and radiation impact on a man has been reduced to the minimum values It happened owing to the fact that in-situ leach uranium mining in comparison with conventional mining methods has some advantages with regard not only to economical figures but also to ecological ones. Uranium in-situ leaching excludes from manufacturing process some labour-intensive and environmentally dangerous operations related to both uranium mining and processing. In recent years particularly significant positive changes took place in radiation situation on the territory subjected to the impact of uranium mining and processing NMMC's facilities All decommissioned open pits and shafts have been conserved and reclamation works are being conducted now to eliminate the closed facilities Since 1994 and by the moment the NMMC has been making conservation of tailings of Hydrometallurgical Plant JVsl in Navoi according to so called "low-cost' technology. The main point of the technology consists in the fact that the former uranium processing plant since 1994 has been processing gold ore from Muruntau deposit and has been applying the solid phase of the wastes of gold production to form the screen above the radioactive wastes of previous years which eliminates dust emission and reduces the radon emission from the surface of tailings. By the moment the part of the tailing dump (map N»5, 100 hectares square) has already been covered with the 0.5-l.0m thick layer formed by the inert wastes of gold ore processing. Radon exhalation (How density) on the map JV»5 averages 0.4 Bq/m2s which is 10 times less than the average value for the tailing dump. According to the program developed by NMMC the whole tailing dump (62.0 hectares square) will be completely covered with the safe anti radon screen in the nearest 10-12 years The program provides for the formation of the protection layer of the local soil The NMMC together with specialized organizations developed 10 projects for rec'amation of JSL fields surface and 3 of them have already been fulfilled. Since, 1996 the NMMC has passed to the landowner 24 7 thousand hectares of the reclaimed land previously used for exploration and mining which includes more than 1 thousand hectares of ISL fields. Four stations for disposal of radioactive wastes formed in the process of liquidation of decommissioned uranium mining facilities have been constructed and three such stations are at the stage of construction 245 Section III. Activation Analysis. Radiochenusuv. Production and Application oflsotopes. N\iclcar Instrumentation and Nuclear Safety Average annual effective dose from total internal and external man-caused irradiation for 1SL staff and personnel attending to production solutions plants at the NMMC's facilities amounts to 1.5-6 mSv. The available measuring instruments are not able \o detect the man-caused radiation effect in the nearest settlements located at the distance of 5-10 and more kilometers from LSL fields. It means that values of radiation dangerous factors measured at the observation points do not practically differ from background values Thus NMMC's application of ISL method for uranium mining instead of traditional mining methods represented a large and effective environmental measure that radically changed the ecological situation on the territory of NMMC's impact UZ0201858 ELECTRONIC NUCLEAR-PHYSICS TERMINOLOGICAL DICTIONARIES AND THESAUR Ananchenkov V.I,, Gurvich L.G., Pulatov D.D., Tillaev T.S., Umaraliev A.T. Institute of Nuclear Physics, Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Tashkent, Uzbekistan A development of information technologies for nuclear-physics researches was always a priority direction. The results of researches in the electronic form are presented on one of the natural languages, usually in a language of the country, where the researches are carried out, or in the main international languages - English, French. German, Russian. Therefore in Republic of Uzbekistan, creation of the terminological dictionaries first of all with use of five languages - Russian, English, French, German and Uzbek is expedient. The results of the works in this direction are made out as a computer program --"Data Bases of the five-linguaf computer dictionary on physics". This information basis is generated in a medium of Windows with use of the programming language PASCAL and a Database management System DELFY. The data base contains more than 5000 terms and other words in each of the five languages. Its electronic version occupies about 560 kilobytes. The multilingual terminological dictionaries are used in creation of intellectual electronic systems connected to the analysis, search and selections of information, including nuclear - physics information as a basis for the development of thesaur An example of such a use is the international information system in the field of a nuclear science and engineering - 1NIS, for which there are composed Russian-English- German-French dictionaries and in each of the listed languages thesaur contains over twenty thousands of terms. If in the dictionary, words are placed in the alphabet of the first of the listed languages, in thesaur, the order of a disposition of words is connected to semantic significance of words, or other indications used during recognition when working on the programs. For the intellectual PROXY-server, developed at the Institute of Nuclear Physics, the variant of thesaur containing words from the Russian-English-German-French-Uzbek electronic dictionary on Nuclear Physics was developed. 246 Section 111. Activation Analysis. Radioclieniisirv. Production and Application of Isotope UZ0201859 Instrumentation and Nuclear Safety INP NNC RK MEMBERS SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATION DATABASE Burtebaev N., Heusu/.ova R.B. National Nuclear Center Institute of Nuclear Physics, Almaty, Kazakhstan Since 1997 in the Institute of Nuclear Physics of NNC RK a special attention was paid to development of technical and program facilities for ciTicient publication of its members research work results. At the present time, high-end computers, equipped by colour and laser printers, several Xeroxes and other equipments are used There are published scores of monograph, reprint, proceedings of seven international conferences and seminars. On the basis of these materials and other sources there was an electron database of INP NNC RK members scientific publications created, which contains not just reference information (author, title, year of issue and etc.) but also texts of publications Such staicture of database allows us to conduct effectively; • search of information on sections nuclear physics, radiation physics of solid states and applied nuclear physics, • analysis of selected literature sources, without spending time on its, preliminary order (text on a screen or they can be printed); • ' drawing up of different publication lists for reports, papers and many others. As there are a number of local network and Internet computer class in the Institute, the access to database is available almost from any work place. It is planned lo create on the ground of such basis a WF.B-site on publications of INP NNC RK members as a result of which the scientific issues of the Institute will be available to other'institutions of Kazakhstan and foreign countries UZ0201860 DETERMINATION OF 222Rn CONTENTS IN NATURAL WATERS BY SCINTILLATION METHOD 'inoyatov A.Kh., 'Darvishkhodjaev II., 2Muniinov I.T., 3Mukhainedov A.K., 'Rashidova D.Sh., 3Safarov A.N., 'Kholbaev I., 'Khudoyberdiev A. 'institute of Applied Physics of the National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan 'National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan ' Samarkand State University, Samarkand, Uzbekistan 222 22o Emanation capabilities of Rn (Ti.2=3.83 days) and Rn(T|;2=56 s) are ones of the main factors of uranium-thorium series radioactive balance violation. Being emanated from rocks to soil and underground waters and then to atmosphere the radon inserts the basic contribution to environment natural radioactivity. And the contribution of 222Rn as the longer lifetime isotope is higher than of 220Rn. J22Rn contents in environment objects are determined through radon's alpha-radiation or through alpha-, beta- and gamma-radiation of its daughter radio-nuelides. 247 Section III. Activation Analysis. Radioclicmistrv. Production ;md Application o! Isotopes. Nuclear InstruiDcntalion and Nuclear Safety The gamma-spectroscopy method of the:22Rn determination in the natural waters with a use of a scintillation detector through gamma-radiation of the radon's daughter radio-nuclides. 2HPb and 21"*Bi, are presented in this work. The gamma-spectrometer with the scintillation detector [NaJO'l), v;"63mm] was used for the measurements Spectrometer data acquisition and i processing were carried out on IBM-PC with software MARS (JINR, Dubna). The detectors were calibrated on their efficiency, K, by a standard source of 22oRa packed into one liter capacity Marinelli's vessel with silica gel filler (p-980 g/l) from a set of OMASN [I]. Water samples are filied into Marinelli's vessel (V-1 liter) and then hermetically sealed. One separate Tn» turn snp t*ro I dayt measurement was t,,,,.. -~ 4 hours long In energy spectra of samples radiation the full Fig. I. Intensity time fall ofy-spec- absorption peaks of 232Th series (1461 KeV of 4()K, 239 trum of the sample .NHI KeV of 2i2Pb, 583 KeV of 20JITI, 911 and 963 KeV of • - Ny(AE=0,23 - 2,0 M3B; 2™Ac). and "8U series (241. 295, 352, and 1764 KeV 0 - Ny(AE=0,23 - 2,0 M B) - 21 2M 3 of H, and 1120 KeV of Bi) are observed in N,(AE=0,23-2,0M3B) A measured range of energy (Ey--0,05 - 2,0 MeV) -N7(AE=1,68-- 1,85 MaB); Spectrum of the hermetically sealed sample consists of A - Ny(AE=l,68 - 1,85 MsB) - two following components: constant (background and N,(AE=l,68- 1,85 IVbtl) radiation of radon's daughter radio-nuclidcs having mother-daughter relationship with long-life mother nuclei) and exponentially falling down (radiation of Pb and " Bi which are decay products of "*" Rn). It is obvious that sample's activity determination accuracy depend on statistic of AH7 analytic parts of the initial and following spectra. Since radiation intensity difference of initial and end spectra is only caused by decays of 222Rn's daughter radio-nuclides it seems to us that the intensity difference of the spectra in the energy range of all measured Pb n 214 Bi radiations instead an intensity difference of full absorption peaks of analytic lines might be used to determine activity (A) of a sample. The measured spectra radiation intensity, NY(AE,tj), in the range of AE = 230 —2000 KeV and full absorption peak intensity at 1764 KeV, N,(Ey,ti), of 211Bi (fully resolved from neighbor lines) as well as corresponding intensity differences [lMy(AE,to) - N|,(AE,tj)]{ l+exp[- l ar| 222 M i ~ W]} d lN7(Ey,to - Ni,(Ey,tj) {l+exp|-X(t, - to)] > caused by decay of Rn are shown on Fig. 1. Comparing obtained data one can see that data of spectra intensities in the range of AB •- 0,23 - 2,0 MeV are in the best correspondence with exponent of T, 2 =•-• 3,83 days. Specific 222Rn activities of water samples (at moment of their taking) taken from the borehole of 160 m depth (the sample JS11!) and the spring (the sample N»2) of Koshagach kishlak of Koshrabad district are listed in the table. Sample Koshrabad Borehole Spring #1 til " A(AA), Bq/1 37.7(3.0) 21.7(2.1) Reference 1. Sertificate JV» 110/95 D.I.Mendeleev name VN1IM. St.Peterburg, 1995. 248 Section HI. Activation Analysis, Riidiochcmistry, PioUuction and Appticauon oi isotopes, I Instrumentation and Nuclear Safety UZ0201861 TECHNOLOGY OF PRELIMINARY ENRICHMENT OF LOW-GRADE ORE O! LEAD-ZINC OEPOSITES Kuehersky N.I., Tolstov K.A., Aranovicli V.L., IVtazurkevicli A.P., Inozemlsev S.B.. Kantsel A.V. Navoi Mining A Metallurgy Combinat, Nnvoi, Uzbekistan "Almalyk Mining A Metallurgy C 'ombinai" J'ublic ('orporaiion, INTEGRA GROUP The Republic of Uzbekistan takes a prominent place among the countries having the reasonably assured resources of lead and zinc Uchkulach and Hondiza are the largest of such deposits. Development of Dalniy site of Uchkulach ore region as well as lead-zinc ore processing at the Almalyk Mining & Metallurgy Conibinat (AMMC) commenced in 1983. In 1997 in connection with deterioration of mining - geological conditions and ore grade reduction the deposit operation became significantly unprofitable ;-nd was stopped To evaluate the opportunities of resumption of the lead-zinc production with cost efficiency ensuring acceptable profitability level, Navoi Mining 249 Section III. Adiyaiaoa Awarfysi-s. iRadiodicmistry. Product WM mid A^kuaftiosii of isotopes. ' UZ0201862 Instrumentatiow md frfaiciear Safely ON THE QUESTION OF PARAMETERS OF NEUTRON ACTIVATION ANALYSIS AND CHARACTER OF CHEMICAL ELEMENTS DISTRIBUTION IN NATURAL OBJECTS 2 'Khatamov SfiM 'TiMat'V T., *Pui»iov HAK '.hiinamiiratov A., lbragimov B., J ' T. 'institute of'NuclearPhysics. Uzbekistan Ann fc my of Sciences. Tashkent, Uzbekistan " Nukus State Pedagogical Institute, Nukus, Uzbekistan Reliability of analysis results depends on many correlated factors and determined by a method of analysis of several parallel samples and standard samples Use of this well-known technique made it possible to determine a total error reproducibility and validity for determination of 30 elements in soils. 1. During fulfilling this work it was stated that the analysis error for specific elements in the region of detection limits can range up to 70-100% In this connection, the analysis of 245 soil samples taken in two cotton grown zones near the Aral Sea was made. On the base of the obtained results arithmetic averages, standard deviations, concentration fluctuations for more than 30 elements in soils were determined Comparison of these data between one mother and distribution function of some particular elements showed that for the elements concentration of which lower than dark value, the sensitivity of this method is insufficient for quantitative determination of those elements In the histograms we can see lognormal distributions of those elements Using these histograms it is difficult to interpret properly the geochemica! data and the results can be distorted Thus, for appropriate geochemieal assessment of the explored regions on the base of elemental analysis of the sampled there specimens, we recommend to compare carefully the minimal content of the determined elements with the detection limits of those elements. The problems of error of analysis (reproducibility. validity, natural dispersion of the element), their relations with parameters on element distribution in soils, correlation of j',cochemical and ecological data with some particular natural processes are discussed in this paper. . - UZ0201863 THE CONTINUOUS MONITORING OF A BACKGROUND GAMMA- RADIATION IN THE INSTITUTE INDUSTRIAL PLATFORM Radyuk R.I., Kadyrov V.N., Kochetkov V.A. Institute of Nuclear Physics, Uzbekistan Academy oj Sciences, Tashkent, Uzbekistan The operation of the WWR-SM nuclear reactor is accompanied with small, but inevitable emission of radioactive substances with gas-aerosol exhalation into environment It is necessary to control constantly accumulation and distribution of radiation dose in the environment of the nuclear reactor vicinity 250 Section III. Activation Analysis. Radiochcnustry Production and Application o! Isotopes. Nuclear instrumentation and Nuclear Safety The accepted methodology tor protection of man and environment from the nuclear reactor radiation determines the monitoring system of radiation situation. The monitoring system of radiation situation on an industrial platform, sanitary protective zone and control zone includes a walk radiometric survey, control of a radioactivity of soil, vegetation, water, deposits, sewage water, radioactive aerosols of air as well as a continuous control of background garnma-radiation of air. For this purpose a set-up consisting of the UIM-2 device. KSP recorder and 2 BDB2- 0111 gauges iL' used. The set-up is established on a special support of 2m height with a roof on the distance of 300m to the south-east from the reactor pipe The device is calibrated with a use of a radium source of 6.438 • 10' Bk The equipment has high sensitivity and detects differences in a dose density of 0,01-0,02 nZv/h at a background gamma-radiation of 0,14- 0,15uZv/h. It is necessary to take into account, that a doze density depends not only on activity of emissions, but also on meteorological conditions (stratification, temperature, speed of a wind). A general picture of timing distribution of dose fields measured by the devices shows excessive monthly average doze due 10 reactors exhalation The exhaled gases are mostly inert gases. On the base of study of the dose fields and comparison of them with the data for 96-97 years it can be concluded, that the dose density around the nuclear reactor due to gas-aerosol exhalation for the period of 1998-99 has increased by 14 %, and the annual dose of the employees caused by these emissions was about 0,06mZv. It is necessary to have several stationary continuously working devices, capable of providing us a detailed picture of gas-aerosol emissions distribution. UZ0201864 THE AUTOMATED SET-UP FOR CONTINUOUS MONITORING OF A RADIATIION BACKGROUND Yuldashev B.S., Kariinov Yu.N., Ko/menko A.V., Petrenko V.D., Podkoviiin A. I., Reineev A.Sli., Shipilov N.N., Chekin A.V. Institute-of Nuclear Physics, Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Tashkent, Uzbekistan For analysis of radiation situation in selected control points three complete sets of the equipment were designed. These devices are intended for long-term (several months) autonomous measurements of a background signal and acquisition of the measured data for the subsequent analysis For the purpose of obtaining full information gamma-radiation spectra measurements were carried out Such approach allows learning not only a total level of the gamma radiation, but also evaluation of the contribution of different sources to the background, including probable radioactive contamination of the monitoring work station areas. A complete set of the equipment consists of the detection unit and information storage unit The detection unit contains: Sciniillation detector with a Nal crystal of 40x50 mm size., Photomultiplier FEU- 93 with a high voltage divider, - Generator of high voltage Amplifier of pulses with discriminators of a top and bottom level. 251 Section III. Activation Analysis. Radiochcmistn, Production and Application of Isotopes. Nuclear Instrumentation and Nuclear Safety ^ The information storage unit is a system module of the Intel PC computer. In addition to standard components it contains a plate of a pulse analog-to-digital converter PLU-100. The software of the device provides operation of the computer without a screen monitor, keyboard and other input\output devices The time of measurement of a single spectrum is 10 minutes. Then the program saves spectrum in a hard disk of the computer, and the measurements renew. The format of a spectrum - 250 channels in a range of energies up to 1.5 MeV. During the measurement time (45 days) b480 spectra wee obtained at each control point Each spectrum contains 250 channels The manual analysis of such information volume is verv difficult and time consuming procedure Therefore a special program was designed to carry out this work. UZ0201865 RADIOCHEMICAL DIAGNOSTICS OF RADiONUCLIDES MIGRATION THROUGH SEWAGE WATER CLEANING FROM CARCINOGENIC SORPTION ADMIXTURES ON MONTMORRILONIT AT PO "TAJIKTEKSTIL" Khamidov B.O., Ai Batiha Avatl Snlim al Salcli, Saloinov J.A., Suitonbekuv G. Tajik Suite National University, Tajikistan Sewage water cleaning of chemical and textile industries and creation of water- turnovers' closed cycles are one of the main tasks to protect Environment. A number of polluted enterprises, especially textile ones, e.g. "Tajiklekstilmash" have sewage water with various content of paints, metals as Fe2', Fe31, Cr3', Cr6', Cu2', and Zn2', a lot of anions of different concentrations, sometimes exceeding Maximum permissible concentration. This sewage water flows into river, it can negatively influence on health of people, who live near the river and use it. Thus, the main objective is to implement deep cleaning of water sewage from different admixtures and return it to production cycle. Sorption-sediment method with usage of natural mixed sorption, as shabazit Hydrate of Aluminium was found to be more effective than others. The test consisted of several stages, has been conducted. The procedures are the following: - to prepare water similar to sewage water of dyeing house; - to analyze the contents of water; - to investigate kinetics of sorption and desorption of radionuclides, as Zink-65, Chromium- 51, manganese-54 and Si2' to Fe (OH)}, Al (OHfo and monmorrilonit separately. The control of contents of Zink-65, Chromium-51, Manganese-54 after their separation was conducted with PSO-2-5 device with counting tube STS-5. Copper was detected by photometry method with a PAR reagent. Test results on Chromium (III), Chromium (IV), Zinc (II) Manganese (VII) and Copper (II) to Fe (OH);?, Al (OH)3 and monmorrilonit showed that these admixtures were extracted through above-mentioned sorption to Maximum permissible concentration level, 98.3%. 252 Section III. Activation Analysis, kudiochcmisiry Production and Application of l.soioj UZ0201866 I ^minicntjil ion_ai id_Nuclcar_S:i fc t\; _ DIGITAL AITORADIOGRAPHY: POSSIBILITIES AM) APPLICATIONS Khamrayeva U.S. Institute of Nuclear Physics, Uzbekistan Academy <>/ Sciences, Tashkent, Uzbekistan In this report, the possibilities of the digital image processing for autoradoigraphic investigations of impurity distributions in different objects (crystals, biological, geological and other materials) are shown Activation autoradiography based on the secondary beta-radiation is the method spread widely for investigations of spatial distribution of chemical elements in different objects. The analysis of autoradiography features is connected with elucidation of optical density distribution of photoemulsion by means of photometry The photoemulsion is used as a detector of secondary beta radiation For different technological and nature materials, to have elemental shifts, the fine structure of chemical element distribution is ollen interested But photometry makes it I'ifficult to study the inhomogeneous chemical elements with low gradient of concentration (near 20%) Therefore, the suppression of the background and betterment of linear resolution are the main problems of autoradiographic analysis Application of the fast-acting digital computers and the technical means of signals treatment allowed enhancement of the possibilities and the resolution of activation autoradiography. Mechanism o! creation of autoradigraphic features is described The treatment of autoradiograms was conducted with the help of the dialogue system having matrix of 512x512 elements. For interpretation of the experimental data clustering analysis methodology was used Classification of the /.ones on the minimum error squares was conducted according to the data of histograms of the optical densities of the studying autoradiograms. The algorithm for digital treatment for reconstruction of autoradiographic features was proposed. At a minimal contrast the resolution of the method has been enhanced on the degree by adaptation of methods of digital image processing (DIP) to suppress background activity Results of the digital autoradiographic investigations of spatial impurity distributions in garnet, diamond and other crystals, water inhabitant (Isopoda etc.), human hair, etc., were shown. UZ0201867 NUCLEAR PHYSICAL METHODS IN ECOAGROGEOCHEMICAL INVESTIGATIONS 'Khatamov Sli., 'Tillaev T., ' SuvanovM.,' PtilatovD.D., 2Jumaimiratov A. Institute of Nuclear Physics, Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Tashkent, Uzbekistan ~ Nukus State Pedagogical Institute, Nukus, Uzbekistan During last decades, the researches of the Institute of Nuclear Physics conducted development of a number of nuclear-physics methods for environmental objects analysis and their applications in ecological and agrogeochemtcal studies. As the results of the performed studies a complex of multielement instrumental nuclear-physics methods (neutron activation, X-ray fluorescence, X-ray structural and radiochemical methods) were elaborated capable of 253 Section III. Activation Analysis. Radioclicniistry. Production and Application of Isotopes, Nuclear Instnimcuiiilion and Nuclear Safety determining more than 40 chemical elements with a range of detection limits of 10,-"x - 5 wt. %, with analysis error no more than 50 % and effectiveness up to 50 analysis for one day Ecoagrogeochemical state of soils was assessed and a technology to put manganese containing inicrofertilizers was developed on the base of large scale mapping of soils of different climatic regions. The method was incorporated and examined in various research and agricultural organizations in Uzbekistan. Increase in crop in that case was achieved by 300 - 1200 kg/hectare. Neutron activation technique was elaborated to determine quality of cotton seeds capable of pre-sowing control. effect of laser radiation on the cotton seeds has been studied, and the device was designed and set up. In this case the cotton crop can be increased by 500 - 700 kg/hectare. For several regions (Karakalpakia, Surhandaria and others) the possibilities to use non- traditional natural meiiorants closed to soils of the considered regions and enriched with potassium, phosphorus and other microelements have been studied. UZ0201868 ELEMENT COMPOSITION OF EISENIA FOET1DA Khojinhincdov G., Nalbamlyan A.A., ibragunova E.A., Babaev T.A., Sauinrhodjaeva N.R., Nazirova E.R. Institute of Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent For a number of centuries earthworms (Eisenia Foctida) have been used in folk medicine as therapeutic means upon fevers and some infections diseases Eisenia foetida has been established to be rich in proteins and peptides with defined enzymatic activity We aimed at studying microelemental spectrum in earthworm s organism. Neutron activation analysis enabled us to find 30 elements in dry biomass of earthworms, content of some of them can be seen in table below. (|ig/g) Mg- 1905 As- 13.1 Hg - 0.376 Mn-35.7 Br-7.4 Cr - 0.778 Cu- 16.1 Cl- 0.735 Ba-41.8 Ag-0.195 Rb - 47 1 Fe - 470 Cs - 0 0989 Zn- 115 Co- 190 I - 9.97 Se- 1.55 Sr-23.0 Na, K, Ca content is 0.478%, 0.409%, 1.52% respectively. Some microelements are known to be significant for vital functions of plants, microorganisms, animals and humans. Being present in trace concentrations in essential enzymes, hormones, vitamins and other biological factors they can stimulate or suppress many enzymatic processes in.organism. Our studies showed in earthworm's organism presence of essential elements necessary for vital functions In this connection elemental composition of Eisenia Foetida is of definite theoretical and practical interest. 254 Section III. Activation Analysis. Radiochcmistry. Production and Application of Isotopes, t* UZ.U^U1 oby liistnimcnlalion and Nuclear Safctv SORFnON EXTRACTION 01 RHENIUM FROM AMMONIAC SOLI TIONS Khudavbcrgenov V., Yuklashcva K.T., Tajibayov D.YH. Institute of Nuclear Physics, Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Tashkent, Uzbekistan Rhenium, as the accompanying element of molybdenum, is always lost in molybdenum hydrometallurgy along with waste solutions In this connection the extraction of rhenium from complex waste solutions is an important problem The results of rhenium sorption from HNO.i. MCI, H2SO1 acids and ammoniac solution U3ing the Pirolit A-100 type sorbent are presented. ExpenmejilaLrecJiiiLflue Radionuclide of Rhenium-186 was used to study its sorbate capacity by anionite from acid ammonium and other complex solutions. The Rhenium radionuclide was produced by irradiation of a stable rhenium in the nuclear reactor with the neutron flux of 1.8-101"* cm"'sec'1 for 5 hours The irradiated sample was solved and mixed >vith a distilled water in a flask of 100ml volume. I ml of this solution was put into each of several test tubes where the appropriate acid with growing concentration was added. Then, radioactivity of solution of each tube was measured Then anionite was put into the test tube and kept in it for 15 minutes. Anionite was separated and activity of water phase was measured. From the results of measurements before and after sorption, sorption rate was determined. It was established thai the highest rhenium extraction was observed when used slight acidic solution of 0.1-0.5 mol/l. For higher concentration sorption decreased. The highest sorption of rhenium was observed from ammoniac solution of 0.1-8 mol/l concentration. Rhenium radionuclide was added in the waste solution of molybdenum hydrometallurgy to determine effect of interfering elements on rhenium sorption. In that case sorption of rhenium reached to 80-85%. Ammonite capacity foi rhenium was determined to be of 8mg/g anionite. UZ0201870 RADIOACTIVA TION DETERMINATION OF IRON AND COBALT IN NICKEL OXIDE Khiidaybergenov U., Yuldasheva K.T., Rylov A.A., Khodiev Yu., Kaiimkulov D. Institute of Nuclear Physics, Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Tashkent, Uzbekistan A possibility to separate trace amount of iron and cobalt from the nickel oxide solution was studied using Co and Fe radionuclides. As a sorbent there was used AM-2B-anionite at the chlorine form. To determine optimal sorption parameters for Co and Fe there was studied dependence of sorption of HCl concentration. It was found that Co and Fe were quantitatively sorbed on the AM-2B- anionite from 8 - I I M HCl. It was also observed that sorption rate decreased with lowering anionite concentration, and at O.I - I.O M those elements stopped being sorbed. The experiments were conducted in two conditions - at presence and at absence 255 Section HI. Activation Analysis, Rndiocheinistry. Production and Application ol" Isotopes. Nuclear Instrumentation and Nudcar Safely of nickel solution, it was founded, at Ni : Fe =~ I : 100 nig and i! M NaCI, iron and cobalt remained completely in anioniie phase, and in this case nickel was not sorbed. The radioaclivation determination of Co and l-e technique. Two nickel oxide samples of about 100 mg each were weighed on the analytical scale. Reference materials or cobalt oxide and elemental iron were irradiated in the reactor thermal neutron pipe with neutron flux of 1.8x10 cm"2sec"' for 20 hours After one week cooling the samples were dissolved in IIM HCI in the presence of carriers Co and I;e. The produced solution was passed through a column with 1 g of the AM-2B anionite with the velocity of 2 ml min Anionite was purified from Ni by washing it in I !M NCI The purified anionite was washed with distilled water. Cobalt and iron were desorbed. The desorbed solution was evaporated till wet salts, creating 6M HCI solution, and then iron was extracted with diethyl ether. After that the two phases were separated and evaporated until dried. There was measured a radioactivity of the rest part to count Co and Fe. The standard Fe sample was measured as it was, while the Co standard was diluted till 100 ml, and 0.5 ml was measured The averaged concentration of Co and Fe in the nickel oxide was found to be 0.0003% and 0.00014%, consequently. UZ0201871 DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNOLOGY FOR CARRIER FREE l03 Pel PRODUCTION FROM RHODIUM WIRE Gulamov I.R., Rylov A.A., Yuldashev B.S., Khudayherucnov I)., Yiildasheva K.T., Khodiev Yu.. Tadjibsicv D.YII. Institute of Nuclear Physics, Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Tashkent, Uzbekistan Elemental composition of a rhodium wire was studied to determine impurities and their derivative isotopes. The specimens under study were irradiated in the VVR-SM research reactor. It was found that the rhodium wire, had been used as a thermocouple thermometer, contained impurities such as copper, antimony, arsenic, mercury, gold, silver, platinum, palladium, iridium, ruthenium, zinc, cobalt, iron within \0'2% from which set of isotopes can be formed The specimens were analyzed using multichannel analyzer provided with a germanium- lithium detector. Along with the 103Pd isotope, a set of long lived isotopes such as S4Mn 56 w ) v 63 (T, 2-352,2 days), -"' " Co (T|.2=78 days,79 days, 5.3 years), 'Fe (T, -2=44 days), Zn (T---243 days) were identified. It was offered to make selective extraction of the Pd radioisotope with lower contents of chemical and radioisotope impurities from mixture of the elements, from 0.3-0.6 mol/l solution of chlorhydric acid using dimethylglioxin. It was established by the experiments that within molar concentrations of 0.3-0.6 mol/l above mentioned impurities were extracted not more than by 0.1-0.2%, and the yield of the main product. lu 256 Section ill. Actual ion Aiialv Mb KadiucltciuiMiv hoduiiioii and Application of Isotope Niu.le.ti InslniinciiUili n and Nuclear Salch Ep= 21 MeV and a beam current of I - 100 JJA I he irradiated target of the rhodium wire was dissolved using electrolytic technique A solution of the 0 6 mol/l chrorhydric acid was used as an electrolyte Curre it density in electrolyte was I 25 A/cm2 Dissolving process was lasted 3-4 hours. Obtained rhodium solution was diluted by distilled water till concentration of 0 6 mol/l. Then, 6ml of 1% alcoholic solution of dimethylglioxin and chloroform was added to the solution of rhodium and palladium chloride complexes and then there was made extraction. Then the phases were separated and organic phase was boiled oft* until dry The residue was treated using a solution of mixture of HNO.i and HCL acids and 30% hydrogen peroxide solution After full disintegration of the organic compounds, and removing oxidizers, l03 Pd was converted into the chloride form As a result of these procedures, the '"Vd radioisotope was produced with a radionuclide purity of 10"2% for all gamma emitting elements and microconcentration of the main impurities as 102 Rh and IUt' Ru not exceeding 5 ug/ml UZ0201872 EXTRACTION OF RARE EARTH EEEMEN IS BY PETROLEUM SULI OXIDES Khujaev S.t Mamatkazina A.kh. Institute of Nuclear Physics, Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Tashkent, Uzbekistan The various classes of extractants are used for rare earth elements (REE) separation The most prevalent among them are tri-n-octylamine - neutral extractant, the acid phosphororganic compounds - liquid cation exchangers and the ternary amines - liquid anion exchangers. The petroleum sulfoxides belong to a class of neutral extractants of a RnX ~» U type, where X is phosphorus, nitrogen, carbon, sulfur, arsenic, silicon These cpmpounds si Ivate metal ions very effectively at the expense of high donor properties of the X ~> O semipolar group. As a consequence, a study of possibility of REE extraction by petroleum sulfoxides is of a certain interest. The experimental investigations of REE extraction by petroleum sulfoxides solutions have been carried out ui.der static conditions The REE extraction by such extractants as dihexylsulfoxide, butylbenzylsulfbxido, benziloctylsulfoxide, didodecylsulfoxide from aqueous solutions of mineral acids and LiCI, LiNOt as salting-out agents have been studied It was determined that the examined petroleum sulfoxides were able to isolate REH only from the salting-out agent solutions of LiCI, LiNOi under their concentration more than 8 0 M The most suitable petroleum sulfbxide was dihexylsulfoxide The results showed that benziloctylsulfoxide did not extract REE, butytbenzylsulfoxide extracted REE from the LiNCh solutions and dihexylsulfoxide extracted REE from the LiNO3 and I iCl solutions. Distribution coefficients of REE were increased in increasing concentrations of the LiNOj and LiCI salting-out agents (Fig 1,2;. Thus the study of a REE extraction using petroleum sulfoxide systems showed that dihexylsulfoxide was selective extractant for REE from LiNOj and I iC'l as sailing out agent solutions. 257 Section HI. Activation Analysis. Radiochcmistry. Production and Application oflsoiopc*. Instrumentation and Nuclear Safctv ™ 10 1 0 c Cc £ io' Cc Yh ;o » .•»• «• ] 1 0 Sm 10 ! 0 10 10 4 6 8 10 12 4 6 8 10 /•/#. / The dependence of distribution The dependence of distribution coefficients of MICe, l51Sm and '"''Yb on coefllcienls of and ">9Yb on salting-out agent concentration under salting- out agent concentration under extraction by using 0.5 M dihexylsuifoxide extraction by using 0.5 M dihexylsulfoxide - - (o-xylen) - l.iNO.» system (o-xylen) - l.iCI system. UZ0201873 THE OPTIMIZATION OF 2,3,7,8- IE TRACIILORODIBENZO-p- DIOXIN LABELLING BY THERMALLY ACTIVATED TRITIUM Kim A.A., Djuraeva G.T., Takhtobin K.S. Institute of Nuclear Physics, Uzbekistan Academy oj Sciences, Tashkent, Uzbekistan The influence of procedure of labeling by thermally activated tritium on the nativity of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD) was investigated The method of labeling by thermally activated tritium has some factors, which are able to destroy organic compounds - photodegradation, thermodegradation and degradation caused by reaction of substitution of organic compounds of hydrogen atoms by activated tritium atoms To develop a method of labeling of every organic compound by thermally activated tritium it is necessary to determine and optimize the conditions of labeling. We studied the dependence of appearance of products of degradation of 2,3,7,8-TCDD from duration of labeling procedure it was found that correlation between labeled 2,3,7,8-TCDD and products of degradation did not change with increasing time of labeling, and radiochemical yield of the tritium labeled 2,3,7,8-TCDD was stable - about 15-20%. The optimum regime of labeling was selected. It was found that purification of the labeled 2,3,7,8-TCDD by TLC on silica gel with chloroform - methanol - water (8 2. 0.25) allowed obtaining the tritium-labeled 2,3,7.8-TCDD purified from by- products. Thus, TLC purification seems to be inexpensive, fast and suitable for purification of the tritium labeled 2,3,7,8-TCDD This work was supported by 1NTAS grant, reference number: INTAS-99-00630. 258 Section III Activation Analysis. Radioclieimstry. Producnem and Appitcitioti of Isolopo UZ0201874 Instrumentation and Nuclear Safcn BEHAVIOUR OF SELENIUM IMPURITY DURING TEL! A !RI1 M ELE( I ROOEPOSII INC Kim Institute of Nuclear Physics, (hiwkisian Academy of Sciences, Tashkent, Uzbekistan High purity semiconductors arc now finding the increasing use in a lot of academic fields and technical branches Requirements to their purity become more and more rigid because of dependence of their physical properties on impurity concentrations of different elements Electrochemical behaviour of selenium impurity was explored in this work. Selenium sample ( 0.02 - O.I5 g ) •> irradiated during 5 - 50 Ins in the WVVR-SM nuclear reactor, INP ASR.U, with a thermal neutron ilux of about IO" n/(cm2scc). Alter 10 hrs cooling the irradiated sample was dissolved in the concentrated nitric acid, then evaporated three times nearly to dryness after adding distilled water in each cases. The residue was dissolved in distilled water and the liquor with 75Se radionuclidcs was added to the working solution. A content of selenium impurity in the solution and tellurium deposit were determined using semiconductor spectrometer. The experiments were carried out at room temperature (20-:-25°C) in the solutions of the following composition: IM TeO2 + 4M HF + 2.5M 11;SO.,, • IM TeO2 + 4M HF + 2.5M U2SO., +0..1M- C.,l I,O,, Plating experiments were performed on electrodes of a surface area of 1 cm2, cut from a stainless steel sheet of 0.1 mm thick The anode was a tellurium bar of high purity. Tellurium 2 deposited electroc.hemically at ic ~ 10 •:-• 100 in A/cm , deposition time - I-H5 hrs Investigations showed that the increase of current density used while depositing tellurium the value of selenium impurity in tellurium deposit decreased. It was found that with the increase of current density from 10 mA/cm2 to 100 mA/cm2 used while depositing tellurium the value of selenium impurity in tellurium deposit decreased significantly up to 4 times. Inclusion of selenium impurity in tellurium deposit depends on the process time: with increase of process time from 1 hr to 15 hrs (i = 10 mA/cm2) the inclusion rate of selenium impurity into tellurium deposit decreases 4 times A similar dependence is observed under other density of cathode current. Contents of selenium impurity decreases in solution in the course of process time also. It was shown that this occurred because of the separation of selenium from solution and its deposition onto tellurium anode. The selenium concentration in the solution was observed to decrease twice. The data obtained in the experiments show that electrolysis is effective way of refining tellurium from the selenium admixture. 259 Section HI. Activation Analysis. Radiocliemistry. Production and Application of Isotope UZ0201875 Instrumentation and Nuclear Safety THE RADIATION CONDITION OF ENVIRONMENT AROUND THE INSTITUTE OF NUCLEAR PHYSICS IN YEAR 2000 Rariyuk R.I., Vriovina K.I)., Jalnlovu S., Katlyrov V.N., Kocheikov V.A., Zvaniuhamedov A. The radiation conditions of environment around Nuclear research center is characterized by many factors, obtained from the process of control on territory of Institute and around it. The important purpose of our investigation is radiation monitoring around research nuclear reactor We create system of control for waste, surface and underground water, soil, plants and vegetations, atmosphere precipitations and aerosol. The concentration of radionuciides of waste water does not exceed permissible concentration of radionuciides in water \ 11 Bk/I /I/. The normative of limit admitted concentration is estimated by us and is agreed with sanitary medical service. This limit is V0 I0l(i Bk/year The real value is 1.2 IOX Bk/year, which is 0.4 % of the estimated limit The analysis of large experimental material shows, that concentration of radionuciides in waste water of the the Institute of Nuclear physics does not exceed admitted limit. The soil activity is generally conditioned by natural potassium radionuclideand varies from 300 Bk/kg 1000 Bk/kg by fj-activity to and from 6 Bk/kg to 170 Bk/kg by a-activity of soil, which is permitted /I/. The p-activity of plants around Research Nuclear Center is from 200 Bk/kg. To 550 Bk/kg. The common contribution in the dose capacity of y-radiation does not exceed 50 % The regular measurements of radionuclide concentration in air is the most effective method of pollution control in atmosphere around Niclear Institute The (^-activity of air is from 3 5 I0"5 Bk/nv* to 7.8 I0'4 Bk/nrV It is considerably less than admitted concentration in air for populated areas (7.4 10"2 Bk/nr'). These results are stored in the database on IBM-468. The database is provided by the number standard procedures of first treatment and selection of information. The detailed analysis of radiation conditions around Research Nuclear Center shows, that the situation is normal References . 1. The medicine quota and rule of radiation protection. (M> 0029-94, Tashkent 1994). UZ0201876 KAZAKHSTAN PROJECT FOR MATERIAL SCIENCE USING SYNCHROTRON RADIATION Kadyrzhauov K.K., Kozhaklunetov S.K., Turkebaev T.E. Institute of Nuclear Physics NNC. RK, AI maty, Kazakhstan It is known that many of scientific and technical tasks facing the surface science are very extensive. At the same time it is obvious, that the most important problem is creation of multifunctional, stable in all parameters and, whenever possible inexpensive materials with the given properties. Successful operation oi' materials in extreme conditions (high temperatures and pressure, large fluence of radiation and charged particles etc.) assumes a joint solution of physical, chemical, mechanical and other problems [I] To solve these 260 Section ill Activation Analysis. Radioclienusiry. Production and Application of Isotopes, Nuclear liisinimciiuilioii mid Nuclear Safely problems it is necessaiy at least, to study structural and phase structure, resistance t.o oxidation, temperature stability, mechanical durability, controlable synthesis of thin-film coverings compatible with the substrare etc Unique properties of synchrotron radiation (SR) such as continuous spectrum extending from the far infrared to the X-ray region, sharp directivity, time structure that allows measurements in the subnanosecond region, a high degree of polarisation (linear and circular) have made it an important research tool in solid state physics, atomic and molecular spectroscopy, radiation chemistry and photochemistry, molecular biology, extra-atmospheric astronomy, medicine and other fields of science Technological applications of synchrotron radiation include x-ray lithography, micro-mechanics, LICiA technology and many others. HXAI'S studies of materials, alloys and catalysis became semi-industrial applications of synchrotron radiation. At present time, in JINK (Dubna, Russia), there were developed SR sources of the 3rJ general ion which named DELSY The decision to construct a new DELSY storage ring in Dtihiia (see Table) was based on (lie following considerations • DELSY with its unique unclulator and two superconducting 101' wigglers will be the first 3rd generation synchrotron radiation source in Russia operational both in the VUV, sort X-ray and X-ray regions meeting the demands for various applications in increased brilliance • Infrastructure and experti.se required to design, construct and run a new SR source are readily available in Dubna, • In Dubna an operating high tlux pulsed reactor IHR-2 is located Conveniently located synchrotron iuid neutron facilities exist already at several Advanced Research Centers in the World The complimentary use of synchrotron and neutron radiation opens up new horizons in many fields of condensed matter physics, biology, crystallography, chemistry, etc • Construction of a free election laser which is a separate part of scientific program will make the DELSY accelerator complex the 4ll) generation synchrotron radiation source providing a new superior experimental level In connection with the opportunities given new SR source |2|, we are planning our scientific activity in the following directions • The study of phase formation and ones decaying in surface layers of materials after and during surface modification processes by means of X-ray diffiaetometery and Messbauer spectroscopy methods • The control in situ of homogeneous of structure and thickness metallic, oxides, amorphous and superconducting coalings whose formed with use of magnetron deposition technologies • The non-destructive control of electronic and nuclear structure of surface layers (with luino- and subnano-scale resolution) of materials using methods of sort X-ray .spectroscopy Tabl? I'iie general parami'ters of the DELSY SK source liucrgN Peri- The amount C ori/oiHiil Brilliance, Magnetic Live meter olSR- cmillancc, MA licldb in lime, M bc-ain lines UM PI.olons energy, koV bending hours bending wigglci ondulaloi magnets. magnets T 1 2 140 ID 1 1 7-.L01: 2-jo1;1 1 2 5-10 1 16 8 6 0 58 261 Section HI. Activation Analysis, Radiochcinistry, Production and Application of Isotopes, Nuclciir References 1. Kadyrzhanov K.K., Turkebaev T.E., Udovsky A.L.//NIM B, 103 (1995) 38-45 2. Kadyrzhanov K.K.. Kozhakhmetov S.K., Turkebaev T E.//ln the Proceedings of 3rd International Workshop "DELS Y-2001". J1NR, April 2-6, Dubna, Russia p.25 UZ0201877 THE INVESTIGATION OF PHYSIC-CHEMICAL FORMS OF TOXIC METALS BY ACTIVATION ANALYSIS Kulmatov R.A., Kenjaev {)., Uniharov I., Tillaev Kh., Normuradov B. Tertnez Slate ('Diversity. Termez, Uzbekistan 'I he most burning problems of our century is the ecology and the environmental protection. Among the pollutants of the nature toxic metals Ilg, Cd, Pb, Se, Sd, Cr and other which distinguish cumulative and kanseroghen properties. The problems of extraction, separation and utilization heavy metals from air atmosphere, nature and polluted water demand of investigation of their physic-chemical forms. The investigation of physic-chemical forms of about 30 metals in the content of river water and cities, industrial enterprises air will be carried out in the following way (I). Toxic elements from the city and enterprises atmosphere are separeted into fraction with the help of impactor and method condensation (2). The contents and migration forms of toxic elements in the river water separated by ultra-filtration and following electrodialis methods In the Table I is given data of contents and distribution of toxic elements in the atmosphere air of Tashkent city According to the data given the Table-1 toxic elements like Hg, Zn, Cr, consist more than 50% of aerosols in the dimension <0 4 mknv These forms of toxic elements are dangerous for the human and animals Mostly they are not filtered by cyclone and releasing into the air Table I The distribution of toxic elements in the contents of Tashkent atmosphere according to the dimension of aerosols (in % from the common rate). Size of aerosols, n\km Elements II.3 3.6 1.5 1.0 >04 <0.4 Sc 19 22 8 23 14 15 Cr 5 7 6 8 21 52 Co 11 8 11 9 50 2 Zn 4 18 3 7 6 72 Se 8 7 13 6 27 36 Ilg 6 4 4 5 12 71 Sb 17 12 11 4 18 38 in the Table 2 is given data about migration forms of some toxic elements, in river water of Amudarya and Surkhandarya 262 Section III Activation Anal>sis. Riidiochciuislry. Production and Application of Isotopes. Nuclear InstninicniatioiiaiKlJSJiiclcajrSafety Toxic elements sirh as Sb, My, Cr. in the content of river water migrated in the solved form. Toxic elements such as Fe, Sc, Co migrated in the river water in the dissolved form. These data are very important for cleaning drinking water. Table 2 Migration forms of some elements in the content of river water (%) Migration forms Sc Cr Fe Co Zn Mg Sb of elements Amudarva Dissolved 65 7 11.5 84 1 33 187 15 4 20.1 >Q 45mkm Colloid, neutral 10 3 1.8 4 8 284 34.7 102 11.2 Anion 10.0 69 1 _, 2 (> 07 2.8 r 7i.2 49.3 Kution 13 8 172 8 7 38.1 54 3 1 185 Suikhandarya Dissolved 76 4 9 8 70 8 494 18.7 9.5 5.7 >0 45mkm Colloid, neutral 4.6 ^ 12 5 10.9 18 7 21.9 25 4" 25.4 Anion 10 5 58.7 III 2.7 1 40 51 4 54 8 Ration 9.1 20 5 6.7 28 5 57.7 14 1 16 2 Then contents of the toxic elements from fraction of air atmosphere and water are determined by usinjj sensitivity neutron activation analysis In the article given experiment daia of result about of distribution physic-chemical forms of toxic elements in the atmosphere air of Tashkent and Termez cities and in he content of the water of Amudarya and Surkhandatya rivers. References 1 Kulmatov R.A. «The law of distribution and migration of toxic elements in the river water of Aral basin». «l;an». 1995 135-p. (monograph) 2. Kulmatov R.A., Kenjaev D, Tillaev Kh Investigation of the distribution and migration forms of toxiq elements by complex radioaiialytical methods. International'conference «INN0VAT10N-99» Tashkent, 1999. p 150-158. UZ0201878 THE NEUTRON RADIATION DEVICE FOR DETERMINATION OF ELEMENT CONTENTS Aripov (i.A., Kurbanov B.I. Institute of Nuclear Physics, Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Tashkent, Uzbekistan I he device for determination of element concentrations in various samples has been de\eloped by the method of spectroscopy of neutron capture gamma radiation. In this case, with the help of the device containing a g.nnma-source, instead of measuring mass or volume and density of the sample, ihe intensity of gamma-radiation passing through the sample is measured. Uy ihis radiation also stabilization of the gamma speetromeiry is carried out. Thus, 263 Section III. Activation Anal)sis, Radiochemistry, Production and Application of Isotopes. Nuclear liisiriiiiicnliiiion and NuclearSii this approach facilitates the a.ialysis procedures and improves precision of the quantitative analysis. The device allows determining elements detecting low energy (E-, < 2 MeV) as well as high energy (Ey > 2 MeV) gamma - radiation of neutron capture Possibilities of using the device based on the Cf152 neutron source with a neutron flux of 10s n/sec and Cs137 gamma source were studied for determination of sulfur and humidity in the samples of ores, rocks and technological products The sulfur content was determined by measuring the intensity of 840.3 keV gamma-radiation, and the humidity was measured by detecting gamma-radiation of hydrogen with the energy of 2223 keV. The determination limit with use of scintillation detector, Nal(TI), for sulfur was 0 5 % and humidity was 0.3 % for the measurement time of 15 min EPA DIAGNOSTIC IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY AND EDUCATION OF THE EXPERTS IN THE FIELD OF MEDICAL PHYSICS IN UZBEKISTAN Vviifov P.M., 'linaiiiov K.Z., 2kutluiiuir;wlov O.B., 1 Muklianiedjaiiov N.Z., 4Nurinalov Q.S. 1Institute of/'rob/ems a/Higher ami Special t.ilmation, Tashkent, Uzbekistan 2 Republican Institute of Health, Tashkent, Uzbekistan ' "Alto Meiiika " Medical Research Diaynostii v ('enter, Tashkent, Uzbekistan M'National Hank oj Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan In the 1060- 90s the mankind has gone through extreme period of nuclear confrontation and blackmail and impressive achievements in sphere of practical application of a nuclear energy It would not be an exaggeration to consider, that the development of human knowledge in the second half of the XX century was under rigid pressure from the global militar\ opposition of two political blocks - communist and NATO On the other hand, the disintegration and dissolution of the communist block has coincided with the period of mankind's first steps into so-called "technological epoch" of XXI century The decisive role in formation and development of technological epoch on the Earth is played, as it is known, by information technologies The period of the introduction of mankind into technological epoch is accompanied also by active efforts of the intellectually developed leading countries to ensure as much as possible flexible "conversion" of confidential military achievements, accumulated in decades, for civil use In a number of perspective directions of humanistic "civil conversion" of decades of research and development in the field of nuclear technologies the special place is occupied by the unique fundamental quantum phenomenon of electron - position annihilation (EPA) The general structure of development models of R&D in the area of advanced intellectual biological and medical technologies using unique quantum phenomenon of election positron annihilation includes a number of the important advantages On the other hand, great success o\' the l;> ,t decades of the XX century, following the progress in means of electronic, computer and telecommunication engineering, has so repeatedly loweted the cost of means for realization of EPA techniques, that today they economically are quite competitive with the majority of other widely known methods, for example, x-ray methods 2b4 Section HI. Activalion Analysis. Radiochemislry, Production and Application of Isotopes. Nuclear instrumentation and Nuclear Safety However, in comparison with the latter EPA - methods has essential practical and methodical advantage because it allows to lower repeatedly general radiation Purely speaking, the last circumstance explains a phenomenon of boom happened in relation to positron emission tomography (PET) in the 1980-1990s, when the total number PET machines (160) exceeded the estimated number of research laboratories and workgroups in all countries that learned positron annihilation phenomenon in other non-medical objects Therefore it is possible to predict, thai in the begining of the XXI century the biological and medical technologies of application of the unique quantum EPA phenomenon will be leading in the field of human knowledge and practical applications. During creation of global innovative civilization of XXI century, the special place is taken by international norms of human rights. The progress in development of medical and biological technologies continuously corrects conceptions of value common to the mankind and appropriate international legal documents As practice testifies the special place in dynamic development is taken by global phenomenon of the intellectual property. Therefore, the authors of the report consider that a main task of experts of our country is the implementation of international law norms in the intellectual property Held into the national legislation of the Republic of Uzbekistan. 1. The methods of positron diagnostics and positron annihilation spectra decoding. Ed. KhabibuIlaevPK /Tashkent Fan-l9HS-p 312 2. Arifov iT.U., et al Electron position annihilation: traditional and new applications Interaction of corpuscular Hows with a Solid State Surface. Ed. Saidov M.S. /Tashkent: Fan.-1992-p.]K5-l95 3. Arifov P.U. That the medical physics will give to Uzbekistan.// Tashkent. Economy and Statistics, 1995. -N1-2. -p.p. 74-75 4 World Conference on Intellectual Systems for Industrial Automation. Edited by N. R Usifbekov, R Aliev, F. Aliew. Tashkent, Uzbekistan, September 14-16, 2000. Proceedings. B-Quadrat Verlag 86916 Kaufering. 5. Arifov P.U. et al.. Advanced intellectual biological and medical technologies of global usage of the 2P1 century and the fundamental quantum phenomenon of electron-positron annihilation: pp. 166-170 INVESTIGATION OF THE OPPORTUNITY TO APPLY MICROWAVE FIELD FOR ORE PREPARATION PROCESSES IN PRODUCTION OF GOLD AND OTHER METALS 2Kolesnik V.G., 'Latyshev V.E., 'Sattarov G., 2Urusova E.V., 'Klivan A.B.,*Yul 'Navoi Mining & Metallurgy Combimtt, Navoi, Uzbekistan Institute of Nuclear Physics Uzbekistan Academy of Science, Tashkent, Uzbekistan Reduction of material costs and power consumption in metallurgy processes (crushing, grinding, flotation, concentrate disintegration, hidrornetallurgy) is an actual problem in mining and processing industry. The present work considers the opportunity to apply microwave Held (915 MHz ,2,45 GHz) for destruction of large sized mining mass (100-300 mm) resulting in formation of loose material having various breakup (from 0 1 mm to 5 mm) suitable for grinding process in the existing mills. 265 Section HI. Activation Analysis. Radiochcmisfry, Production and Applicntiou of Isotopes, Nuclear lnstniincjHa!ioiijindJs!iiclcarJiafctv_ The main point of the : .elhod [1-4] consists in obtaining of various temperatures in a bulk of substance depending on magnetic susceptibility, permittivity and heat conductivity of minerals Obtaining of high temperature (more IOOO°C) in short time in the ore mineral elements consist these structures against a background of dielectric media (rock) results in a sharp change in a temperature gradient at the boundary between mineral and rock, therefore - in rock destruction This process ensures transition from duciiie failure to a brittle failure. The advantages of the method are bulk failure action of microwave fields, express destruction oi' mining mass, reduction of materials and electricity consumption in comparison with existing consumption into classical crushing and grinding processes [ 1|. The microwave Held influence on the process of tungsten concentrates agglomeration with soda ash was also considered here Production of tungsten becomes more environmentally appropriate and more automated Approximate production cost amounts to 2 4 US dollars per ! kg of tungsten in WO< solution |2j. Simplification of the process (increase of plant production capacity) of treatment of gold bearing magnetic fraction, intermediate wastes of gold production, by means of sulliuic acid is possible in the process of bulk failure action o\' microwave field In this process disintegration of sulfides with oxides formation is observed Investigation of microwave field influence on flotation concentrates of sulfide ore (10 g/t ore grade) showed that gold recovery in sorption leaching increased up to 85-90% in comparison with a check sample (35-40%) \?\. Initial result;, about microwave field and minerals interaction are promising from both a technical and an economic novel standpoint References I. "Razra&otka i sozdanie ustanovok dlya otrabotk tekhnologij na osnove SVCh encrgii", glava 3 "Razrushenie rudnykh negabariiov"// Otchet NIR, AliT, I WO, p.25-34. .2. Kolesnik V.G., Urusova E.V, Pavlij K.V. "Spi-kanie vol'frama v polyakh SVCh'V/ Tsvetnye metally, 2000, tf\2, p.80-8!?. 3. Kolesnik V.G , Urusova H.V., Pavltj K.V. "Vliyanie SVCh obrabotki na i/vlechenie zolota iz mineral'nogo syr'ya'V/Tsvetnye melally, 2000, #8, p.72-75. 4 Salsman, J.B.; Williamson, R.L., Tolley, W.K., Rice, DA. "Shon-pulse microwave treatment of disseminated suHlde ores"// Minerals Engineering, J 99o, v.9, U\, p.43-54. UZ0201879 DETERMINATION OFCESIUM-137 RADIOACTIVE POLLUTION IN SOILS BY MEANS OIY-SPECTROMETRV 'Mamntkulov Q.B., 2iVtuhaniedov A.K., 'Rashidova D.Sh., 2Safarov A.N. 'institute of Applied Physics of National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan 'SamarkandState University, Samarkand, Uzbekistan The main contribution to the Hailii backs, lound growth is brought in by ' !7Cs radio- nuclide of industry origin. Determination of its content in different environment objects, in particular in soil, is one of the head lasks of the global ecologic problem [IJ. 266 Section III. Activation Analysis. Radiochemistry. Production and Application of Isotopes. Nuclear Instrumentation and Nuclear Safe(\ The content of irCs in soil samples was measured by /-spectrometers with Ge(Li) (F-100 cm', A/y 5,8 KeV at /y 662 KeV) and scintillation (crystal Nal(Tl) 063mmx63mtn, A/y-51 KeV at /y-662 KeV) detectors The detectors were calibrated on their efficiency by standard sources from a set of special measures for spatial samples of radioactivity (SMSSR) [2] with hirataaal density of fillers ol> 080 and 1800 g/l. Like the soil 1-t5cm samples the sources were packed into Marinelli's 2-30,5 cm 3-1,5 CM-30,5 cm vessels with capacity of one liter. n7Cs photopeak at 662 KeV includes background caused by Compton's scattering of high- energy /-rays of natural radio-nuclides of uranium- thorium sets and IOK which are contained both in the samples themselves and in the detectors and in surrounding things The photopeak at 662 KeV of Ge(Li) spectrum is fully separated from neighboung lines, and the same photopeak of scintillation spectrum is partially separated (see Fig. I). That is why the background needs to be taken into account to calculate area of Sr photopeak in the last spectrum. Taking into consideration that ' wCs is contained only in upper layers of soil, and change of radio-nuclide 400 600 800 E KeV content in layers of v-0-50 cm is negligible, a spectrum of deep layer without "7Cs as the Fig. I y-spectra of 1 -cm layer soil background spectrum of surface sample may be used. samples taken from medium depths This procedure is shown on the Figure. of x^J.5 cm (I) and x-30,5 cm (2) Parameters of standard sources and analyzed Spectrum of their difference (3) samples, namely area values of the ' Cs photopeak at 662 KeV, .S',, the corresponding background and S}/S,/, ratios, detector efficiencies of sample radiation detecting (deteimined by SMSSR spectra), activities, A^Syia/ifi, their relative statistical errors, i)A, and their detecting minimums, Am-ia~ JiS(i, jcyiiyi, where ar is a radiation quantum efficiency, / is a time of the measurement, are shown in the fable Analyzing the table data one may conclude that scintillation spectrometer ensures more accuracy than used Ge(Li) detector when Cs activity in the soil sample is measured (certainly, the use of up-to-date semiconductor detector with A/y-2 KeV, 6-10% ensures significantly higher accuracy) Table Parameters ol pholoptak at 662 KcV ia flu* scintillation and semiconductor spectra ol"li7 Cs activity samples Detector Sample P. t, hour s./s,,,., A, SA, kg/I i 0' pulses B 267 Section III. Activation Analysis, Radiochenustry. Production ;wci Application oflsotopes. Nuclear Instrumentation and Nuclear Safety References 1 A A.Moiseev. "Cesium-137. Environment. Man», Moscow. Energoatomizdat, 1985. 2. Certificate JV«J 110/95 of Metrology Research Institute named by D.I.Mendeleev. St. Petersburg, 20 09.95. UZ0201880 STUDY OF RARE EARTH ELEMENTS SORPTION BY PHOSPHORORGANIC RESINS Markclova 1C.A., Kluijacv SM Sultanov A. institute of Nuclear I'hysics, Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Tashkent, Uzbekistan The applied and basic investigations in the field of modern radiochemistry involve a range of problems connected with studying nulioniielide distribution between the phases in extraction, sorplion and ion exchange processes This trend has a special value in connection with a development of the works on producing radionuclides and their compounds and using the latter in various fields of science and engineering, especially in medicine. This work is devoted to investigation of distribution of rare earth elements (REE) - cerium and ytterbium - at sorption on phosphoroi ganie resins SF-3 and SF-5 from mineral acid solutions of various concentrations The phosphororganic resins SF-3 and SF-5 have functional groups which similar to functional group of liquid cation exchanger - di- 2(ethylhexyl)orthophosphoric acid which is the most selective in respect to REE T'ie 4lCe and ' Yb radionuclides were used as traces Radioactive nudities have been obtained by irradiation of appropriate metal salts of «pure» grade in the nuclear reactor under neutron flux of (1-2)-1012 cm"2 s"1. The irradiation time was 20 hours for cerium and 2 hours for ytterbium. Radiometric measurements were carried out using four-channel y-spectrometer. The cation exchange resins to be used were subject to special treatment for the purpose of conversion of them in the necessary chemical form It was determined that the SF-3 and SF-5 had selective sorption of REE from hydrochloric and nitric acid solutions. The obtained values of sorption were > 90%, and sorption character slightly depended on concentration and nature of acid. The kinetic investigations showed that equilibrium was achieved in less than 30 minute for 90% sorption The further sorption was held considerably more slowly, that gives the idea on double mechanism of sorption process The dependence of REE sorplion on acid concentration in aqueous phase for equilibrium conditions of ion exchange has been investigated. It was determined that the distribution coefficients of the investigated elements reduced with increase of acids concentration in aqueous phase. The character of dependence for both cation exchange resins were identical and did not depend strongly on n;uure of acid. Thus, the phosphoi bearing cation exchange resins SF-3 and SF-5 are of satisfactory selective to REE. 268 Section III. Activation Analysis, Radiocheinistry. Production ;ind Application of Isotopes UZ0201881 Inslriiincnialion and Nuclear S'afctv DETERMINATION OF 1J2Sn MELD IN THE mV (y, f) REACTION FOR RADIOACTIVE NUCLEAR BEAMS PRODUCTION Mastov O.I).. Ogaiu'ssian Yu.'l's., Dmitriev S.N., Rasssuiov D.N., Sabelnikov A.V., Belov A.G., Novgorodov A.F. Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, llerov laboratory of Nuclear Reactions, Dubna, Russia Photofission of 2WV nuclei will lie used for neutron-rich nuclei beams production in the DRIBs project (Dubna Radioactive Ion Beams). The MT-25 microtron, allowing a 0 5 kVV electron beam, in combination with the cyclotron complex I7.CR-4M+U4OO will make it possible to produce beams of "2Sn and U2 Xe type with an intensity of up to 107 nucl./s and energy from 5 to 18 MeV/n [IJ. The yield of n\Sn in 2IXU (y. f) reaction was determined experimentally by direct measurements and radiochemically at on-line operation at the gamma-ray beam produced by the MT-25 microtron. Results are given in table. Table The yield of "\Sn in 2**\J (y, f> reaction (O JOg) Method Yield of "2Sn, nucl./s Notice Theoretical 1.2 10" Direct measurements 1.6 •!<)'' Radiochcmical 3 -I01' Cumulative yield (t n2ln) Reference 1. Yu Ts Oganesaian, S.N Dmitriev, J Kliman, O.D. Maslov, O.Ya. Starodub, A.G. Belov, S.P Tretyakova. Preprint J1NR E7-2O0O-K3, Dubna, 2000. UZ0201882 PHYSICAL BACKCROUND OF THE RADIONUCLIDE DIAGNOSTICS AND THERAPY Matuscyith K.S., 'Rosiev R.A. Obninsk Institute of Nuclear Power Engineering, Obninsk, Russia 'Medical Radiological Research ('enter of RAMN, Obninsk, Russia In order to provide the radioiodine therapy, which is the most effective method of such thyroid sickness treatment as theglamiula thyreoidea or the thyroid cancer, the following issues were considered. • The methods of normalization of the diagnostic and therapeutic activity of ml. • The mathematical model describing Mll activity in the thyroid. • The method for dosimetrtc planning of radioiodine procedures. • The software for estimation the population irradiation doses from the patients, who took the radioiodine therapy treatment. • The experimental facility for (K lermining an absorbed dose in the thyroid. • Calculation of the dose eot'llicienl for '"l, *''2I and ml in the thyroid. The proposed models and methods are based on the analysis of case histories of about 400 patients, who have been undergoed the radioiodine therapy course 269 Section III. Activation Anal) sis. Rsidioclicmisin-. Production and Application of Isotopes, h 70901 DQQ Instnmicmalion and Nuclear Safety UZ.UZU I «ti6 STUDY ON EFFECT OF GAMMA-IRRADIATION ON STRUCTURAL-FUNCTIONAL ALTERATIONS IN RAT LIVER NUCLEAR MEMBRANE Mirakhmcrtov A.K., Mirkhainidovn I*. Institute of Biochemistry, Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Tashkent, Uzbekistan Nuclear membrane has numerous biological functions in nuclear-cytoplasm relations and transport as well as in regulation of a number of biosynthetic processes. It possesses a unique set of various enzymes There are some reports on connection of Mg - ATPase, RNAase activity of nuclear membrane with nuclear-cytoplasm transport of RNA. Irradiation has been shown to cause significant alterations in nuclear membrane structure. After total irradiation with Co-60 gamma-source with a dose density of 2.33 R/sec a number pore complexes in nucleus periphery and their segregation from nuclear membrane was observed to decrease. Nuclear membrane impairments are accompanied by invagination of both oi((,er and inner membranes and cytochrome-c-oxidase activity inhibition Upon a total irradiation of rats with low doses (l.5Gy), in nuclei, isolated from regenerating rat liver, cytochrome-c- oxidase activity being in a deep depression (by <>0% in an hour) has been shown to restore in 2 hours1 The higher doses (4 Gy) also suppress activity of the enzyme by 60%, but its restoration took place later. In nuclei isolated and irradiated in vitro cytochrome-c-oxidase, the activity was observed to reduce by 40% under X-ray exposure up to 4 Gy and not to significantly change with a further increase of dose up to 5 Gy The NAD ll-cytochrome c- reductase activity has been studied to be stable to ionizing radiation and not to change even at the irradiation dose of 15 Gy. Upon irradiation (T mice in vivo at the dose of 8 Gy suppression of the Mg 2' - ATPase activity in liver nuclei was observed in an hour after irradiation. By the 3rd and 6'1' days, the activity continued to inhibit and suppressed twice in compare with the control one. After total irradiation of rats in the dose of 8Gy RNAase activity alteration in liver nuclei was observed There was approximately two-fold decrease in enzyme activity in 24 hours and reduction by more than 3 times in 48 hours It can be concluded from the results of our investigations that radiation damages of the nuclear membrane can affect strongly the vitally important cell and organism functions. iirfiriH 1 in 11111 UZ0201884 EFFECT OF COLOSTRUMS FACTOR ON STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONAL ACTIVITY OF LIVER NUCLEI OF IRRADIATED PREGNANT RATS AND THEIR EMBRYOS Mirkhamidova P., Mirakhmedov A.K., Khamidov D.KIi. Institute of Biochemistry, Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Tashkent, Uzbekistan Morphological results of OIK studies show thai nuclear membrane is radiosensitive. On the 21" day of a total /// utero irradiation in the close of 2 Gy on the 3rd, I311' and 17th days of pregnancy and embryogenesis in rats alterations in the structure of nuclear membrane take place. The most significant impairments were observed on the 3"1 day. At the nucleus periphery, there was considerable invagination of a nuclear membrane, the outer membrane was not outlined clearly, and a perimiclear space was expanded, irradiation in utero causes 270 Section III Aciivnlion Anahsis. Rndiochcinislrv. Production and Application of Isotopes. Nuclear Instiiimeniatioji and Nuclear SalcU _ morphological alterations in nuclear membrane structure on the 13" day of embryonic development, but not so significant as those on the 3"'" clay. Preventive use oi' colostrums factor (XT) was established to produce protective effect o( radiation in liver cell nuclei of embryos and pregnant rats upon administration of the preparation on the I.Vh day (period of organ-genesis) and on the I 7'1' day (fetal period) Nuclear membrane imagination in liver cell nuclei o( embryos and pregnant rats was still observed, however, the outer membrane was outlined clearly and nucleoli of perfect form could be seen. 21-day irradiation in the dose of 2 Gy on the 3"1, 13th and 17th day of pregnancy and embryogenesis results in accumulation of lipid peroxidation products in liver cell nuclei of pregnant rats and their embryos Preventive •4-day adniinistration of CF in the dose of Img/g of body mass for 30 minutes before and alter irradiation in the dose of 2 CJy does not prevent from radiation sickness completely, but decreases rate "of lipid peroxidation product accumulation in liver cell nuclei as compared to irradiated pregnant animals and their embryos A Her single gamma-irradiation of pregnant rats and their embryos /// men* in the dose of 2 Gy at all terms of pregnancy and embryonic development the suppression ol\yiochromc-c-oxidase and NADU cytochrome-c-oxic! ise activity was observed in nuclei The most significant suppression of the enzyme activity could be seen after irradiation of embryos in idem on the 13" day of embryonic development. Cytochrome-c-oxidase activity was inhibited by 50%, I lADH-cytochrome-c-oxidase one by -II.7%. In pregnant rats administered with ( F before and after irradiation, activity of the enzymes above was found inhibited less than in animals not administered with CT' This can be seen in less extent at all terms of pregnancy and embrvonic development studied (3llt, 13th and I7'1' day) The results of our study testify that insertion of L'Y before and atler inadiation decreases significantly ionizing ladiation effect. CF protective effect was manifested in significant decrease of lipid peroxidation products concentration and enhancement of membrane-bound enzymes as well as improvement o\' the structure of liver cell nuclei in pregnant rats and their embryos UZ0201885 INFLUENCE OF SECONDARY EXCITATION IN X-RAY AN A LYSIS 01 SO M E A LI ,O Y S Mirsngiitova A,A., Mukiuiiuctlsliiiiii N.M., Zinov'ev V.Ci. Institute of Nuclear I'hysics, Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Tashkent, Uzbekistan A simple technique has been suggested for calculation of secondary excitation contribution in determination of the C'r and Fe contents in alloys Cr-Fe and I'e-Ni The derived relation ( VA( V"o 271 Section III. Acliviition Anal} sis. Radiochcmisiry. Production and Application of Kotopus. Nuclear Instrumentation and Nuclear Safclv \ r r r where ^<'r" h;-\ y" | <>, '"'/•.• ""'//•.• I ' "^ i /•".•, i-|C> »•),.•,. are the ^ ' ^ J Cr \ ' k J j,-t. fluorescence yields of K-shell ofVe and Cr elements. (SOiv. (SOtc, are absorption edge jump ratio of K-shell of the Cr and Fc elements. To, T|c arc the mass coefficients of photoelectric absorption of the elements Cr and Fe for the energy of primary radiation, T'Cr is the mass coefficient of photoelectric absorption for the energy of characteristic line of the element Fe, |to. u.cr, Mi> are the mass attenuation coefficients for the energy of primary and the Cr and Fe characteristic radiation by alloy, C A similar relation was derived for the Fe-Ni alloy (//•;*.t AVAU versus of Fe content). For the experimental examination of the above relations the manufactured alloys with different known contents of Cr, Fe, Ni were used. The annular source of imCd (primary radiation) and Si(L.i)-delector were used in the experimental set-up The experimental data are in good consistence with the calculated ones UZ0201886 INVESTIGATION OF CHROMIUM SORPTION BY INORGANIC SORBKN IS ON THE BASIS OF METAL HYDRA FED OXIDES Khujaev S., Mir/.iieva N.A., Markelova K.A. Insliluk' (if Nuclear I'hysics, Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Tashkent, Uzbekistan One of the important problems in radiochemical technologies is selection of appropriate sorbent - a solid carrier for radionuclidcs Various sorbents are used for realization of radiochemical technologies Among them, inorganic sorbents because of their stability to radiatio: effect and solid.extractants clue to their high selectivity to a particular radionuclide can be emphasized. The methods of inorganic sorbents synthesis on the base of iron (III), chromium (111) and lanthanum (III) hydrated oxides and results of MCr sorption investigation by using synthesized sorbents have been considered Hydrated oxides of metals have been synthesized with using their salts by means of treatment of them in alkaline solutions under special conditions. The sediments produced in alkaline solutions were filtered through paper filter, the filter was washed and dried out under room temperature. Than the sediments were heated at 200°C during 6 hours. The obtained powdery hydrated oxides of Fe(Oll);i, Cr(OH).i and La(OH).i were used for studying eliminat- ion sorption. The results showed that at an aqueous phase of pH 5.0, equilibrium of sorption process had settled in the La(OH)i system during I hour, in the Fe(OII)( system for 2 hours and in the Cr(OH)^ system for > 3 hours. The dependence of chromat-ions sorption on aqueous solution pH was studied at the range of pH > -v- 9. Lowering in sorption for all of the hydrated oxides was observed in alkaline solutions That means that those ii,. igaiiic sorbents behave as inorganic ariion exchangers within pi I 3 -.- 9 aqueous solutions. Comparison of chromat-ion sorption results by the investigated sorbents showed that lanthanum (III) hydrated oxide has the biggest capacity (till 100 mg/g) 272 I Hill Mill nun inn uiu imi m« nut • Section III. Activation Analysis, Radiochcmistry, Production and Application of Isotopes UZ0201887 TRITON ACTIVATION ANALYSIS BASED ON THE 6Li(n,4He)T NIC LEAR REACTION Mukhammedov S. Institute of Nuclear Physics of Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Tashkent, Uzbekistan The binding energy of tritons is 8.4 MeV, therefore many triton nuclear reactions are excited at small energy and have high cross sections (nearly I b). Our investigation was based on the reaction 6Li(n, ''He)T, the most convenient for generation of high intensity (lux of tritons by the use of thermal neutron flux in nuclear reactor This reaction has high cross section (a--953 b), practically no threshold, is rather exothermic (Q=4.78 MeV) and kinetic energy of charge particles (E,-2,74 MeV) is sufficient for the penetration through potential barrier of light elements with Z< 20 Hither metallic lithium or lithium containing compound of chemical elements serve as a generating target. A target before the irradiation of the object is either placed on the surface of investigated samples or mixed carefully with them Triton flux is used for triton - activation analysis for the determination of low concentrations of light elements (with /.• 20) - boron, oxygen, magnesium, sulphur- in natural objects, pure materials, metals and semiconductors etc. Tritons are of great interest because of the characteristics of the "'O(T, n)l!iF reaction: positive Q-value; high cross-section at low energy; no nuclear interference below 4 MeV and favourable half-life of radioisotope ixF (T]/2~l 10 min). Either metallic lithium or lithium containing compound of chemical elements serve as a generating target. A targets before irradiation of the object either are placed on the surface of investigated samples or are mixed carefully with it. For example, for the determination of oxygen in semiconductor silicon either LiF is evaporated in vacuum on the sample surface'10' or LiF is pasted on the sampie surface by organic glue Detection limit is (4-5).IOl7at./cnv\ We used the triton activation analysis for the determination of oxygen contents in semiconductor silicon. Before irradiation the surface of the samples was covered by metallic lithium with the use of vacuum coating method EVALUATION AND FORECAST OF RADIONUCLIDE ACTIVITY IN PHOSPHORITE CONCENTRATES OF KYZYLKUM PHOSPHORITE COMPLEX AND PHOSPHORUS FERTILIZERS MANUFACTURED ON THEIR BASE Tolstov E.A., InoztiiKscv S.B., Silkin A.A., Muranov V.G. Navoi Mining & Metallurgical Enterprise!, Navoi, Uzbekistan ( \'ntral Asia Projecting-Surveying and Research Institute of industrial 1 echno/ogies. I Izbekistan Investigations were conducted to evaluate activity of natural radionuclides in phosphorite Hour and roasted phosphorite concentrate manufactured at Kyzylkum Phosphorite 273 Section III. Activation Analysis. Radiochcinislry. Production ;ind Application ol Isotopes. Nuclear Instrumentation and Nuclear Safely Complex (KPC) from the ore of Jeroy-Sardaria deposit according to dry" enrichment technology The lower limit of the specific alpha-activity of solid radioactive wastes (74O0Bq/kg) specified in the Article 16.4. of "Sanitary Codes and Regulations of radiation safety JV« 029- 04" (SanCR.NL'029-94) was taken as a criterion of radioactivity of materials Besides, the similar evaluation was made for the phosphorus fertilizers manufactured of these products It was estimated that the average values o( a total alpha-activity of radionuclides in phosphorite Hour and roasted phosphorite concentrate by 15% less than the lower limit specified in SanCRJS»029-94. The average values of a total alpha-activity of radionuclides in fertilizers such as superphosphate, uniform phosphorus-nitrogen fertilizer (UPNF), ammophos and dibasic ammonium phosphate are respectively by 3 3, 2 1 8 7 and 9.2 times lower than accepted threshold. Thus the results of the investigations showed that phosphorite flour and roasted phosphorite concentrate currently produced at KPC as well as phosphorus fertilizers made of them were favorable in radiation-ecological aspects The further investigations are expected to evaluate and forecast activity of the natural radionuclidcs in higher grade washed phosphorite concentrate that will be manufactured at KPC UZ0201889 SOFTWARE-PROGRAMMABLE COMPLEX FOR A TRUCK BY TRUCK X-RAY-RAMOMETRIC SORTING GOLD SULFIDE ORE OF KOKPATAS DEPOSIT Zin'ko N.A., Eremin A.M., Ktirinev S.V., Nemsrhenko K.V., Tsiippingcr A.A. Navoi Mining rf- Metallurgy Enterprise, INTh'X'iRA (ill()UI\ Uzbekistan Ir. the second quarter of 2001 at the Ore Control Automobile Station (OCAS), Kokpatas Deposit, Northern Mining Administration, the Software Programmable Complex for a Truck by Truck X-Ray-Radiometric Sorting of Gold Sulfide Ore was put into operation. The Complex was developed by the specialists of INTEGRA Group Company together with the specialists of Navoi Mining & Metallurgy Enterprise. In term of technicality the Complex represents a system including the following basic components: X-Ray-Measuring System; Detectors System to control a truck arrival in or departure from measuring area, Annunciation Panel permitting truck departure; Panel displaying the grade of the analyzed ore; Controllers for measuring and executive systems; Operator Workstation. Taking into account the experience of the previous model operation the following advantages were introduced: remote-controlled power supply unit for X-ray Generator allowing the BKh-10 X-ray Tube working in a pulsed standby mode. Owing to introducing two additional detectors (detectors to control arrival in or departure from a measuring area) in an automatic control system the time of high voltage supply to the tube was reduced to a minimum. Actually the X-ray generator turns m only at the moment when the truck goes through OCAS and at the time of the system setting up. To increase sampling sensitivity and representativeness the new spectrometric units were developed based on SRPO-309 X-ray proportional detector and used in the Complex. It 274 Section 111. Activation Analysis, Radiochcmisiry, Production and Application of Isotopes. Nuclear Instrumentation and Nuclear Safciv allows the Complex sensitivity increasing up to 5000-6000 impulse/sec per 1% As and decreasing a lower detection limit to 0.01%As without X-ray generator switching on a high voltage mode of operation. At that, the width of the uniform sampling band was by 1.4 -1.7 as large as the band width of the similar units Operational reliability of the system was raised five-fold owing to use of X-ray generator together with a detection block based on SRPO -309 as well as application of «gamma-screen» new algorithm which makes it possible by 10 times decrease quantity of trucks could not be measured due to irregularly distributed ore load in there. From the software point of view the Complex represents a "Client-Server" two-level distribution system where Server is a computer (Operator Workstation) and Client is a set of controllers of X-ray measuring system. Such distribution makes it possible to significantly increase the quantity of measuring systems served by a single operator and simplify the process of their setting and operation As a whole, the software includes the following components O1U t5720.exe, program for controller; tgen exe, program for controller for X- ray generator block; RKS_ integni exe, program for Workstation Operator Interacting between measuring equipment and themselves the programs provide the following functions: information gathering from the detection blocks and detectors recording a tmck arrival in/departure from the measuring area as well as determination of the sampled ore grade; X-ray generator conditions control and monitoring for the purposes of automated turning on/off of X-ray generators ensuring the most efficient mode of their operation Operator Workstation software is responsible for initial setting; checking the proper work of the equipment according to the results of recurring calibrations; manual/automatic mode switching, database support based on results of sorting, calibration and setting. Usage of new electronic and computer aided technologies as a complex made it possible to raise the level of automation of routine measuring processes. The system reliability is increased significantly owing to its protection from improper stall" actions The protection is based on the users recording system and user authorities distribution according to their status (operator, shift engineer, administrator) Now the user having a lower status is not able to enter any command critically affecting the sorting process or the system efficiency. The listed features allow efficient operation of the Complex and ensure reliable sorting the transported ore according to the gold ore grade UZ0201890 PREPARATION OF CARRIER-FREE IIlmCU 'NikitiH S.M.. 'Sorokin A.A., 'Ryasny G.K., 'Shpinkova L.G., 2Golubeva A.S., 'Koinissnrova B.A., 'Mustnfin N.R. ' Skohellsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Mockow, Russia ' Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography, Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia Study of 'in complexes with organic ligands by perturbed angular yy-conelation (PAC) technique [I] and peculiarities of '"in decnv [2| lead to a necessity of investigating analogous complexes with the daughter isotope, mCd There is a PAC isotope "lmCd with half-life 48.3 min, which emits two successive y-rays, 150 and 245 keV. This yy-cascade, used for PAC measurements, proceeds via the same intermediate level as the 172-245 keV cascade 275 Section III. Activation Analysis, Rfldiocheinistry. Production :)iid Application of Isotopes. Nuclear Instrumentation and Nuclear Safety originated from a decay of the parent '"in To compare the properties of In and Cd complexes in the same conditions, a carrier-free IIlmCd isotope was required. Among the possible means of the m'"Cd isotope production, there was chosen the method ofa-particle irradiation of silver with natural isotope composition. lllmCd is produced in the 1(WAg(a, pn)"lmCd reaction (the abundance of ">yAg in natural silver is 48.08%). 0.1 mm silver foil of natural isotope composition was irradiated by 30 MeV a-particles for 2 hours with 3-5 uA current using the cyclotron of the Institute of Nuclear Physics of Moscow State University. While irradiating natural silver by a-particles. apart from lllmCd, several other isotopes inigh- be pioduced. Of them, are i09Cd'('/ 5 y). As IMmCd is a quite short-living isotope for PAC experiments, its isolation from the target should be done immediately after the irradiation. The short life-time of the isotope does not allow using the chromatographic and extraction techniques, which have been worked out for isolating the other cadmium isotopes. Combining of precipitation and extraction methods, we have developed the procedure of isolating carrier-free cadmium isotopes with no other radioactive isotopes. The isolation procedure takes about one half-life oi' '"'"Cd. Silver is mostly precipitated as chloride, and indium isotopes are co-precipitated with lanthanum hydroxides The final purification of cadmium is based upon its ability to form in alkaline conditions a complex compound with dithizoiu, which is not stable in acidic conditions unlike the silver complex. The silver foil (up to 30 mg weight) was dissolved in 0.5 ml concentrated (05%) HNO.j at « 60°C. The formed solution was partially evaporated in vacuum, then 3 ml of 0 1 M HCI was added The precipitate was filtered through a glass filter with the pore size of 16 uin. A solution of 50 mg of LaO in 2 ml of concentrated MNOt was added to the filtrate The mixture was alkalised by concentrated NH.(OH. The precipitate was analogously filtered 3 g of potassium hydrotartrate was added to the filtrate, and pll was adjusted to 12 5 by solid NaOH. Cadmium was extracted by 3 ml of dithizone solution in chloroform (0.75 ing/ml). Cadmium was twice re-extracted by 3 ml of 0.1 M HCI. The first (alkaline) extract was disposed of. The second extract (acidic) was used for the sample preparation The energy spectra of the prepared '""'Cd source were measured 1.5 and 4 5 hours after the irradiation using the 040x40 mm NaJ(Tl) scintillator with PMT RCA8575 The most prominent peaks were 22, 150 and 245 keV, which characterise X-ray and y-transitions in "mCd decay. The similarity of both spectra indicates.the absence of other short- or long- living impurities in chemically isolated cadmium. An admixture of long-living W)Cd was not detectable in the energy spectra. 30 hours after the irradiation, there was no radioactive isotopes left in the source. The precipitate of indium and lanthanum hydroxides, formed in the intermediate stage of Cd isolation, was used later for '"in isolation Tor that, the precipitate was treated by 2 ml of concentrated HBr, filtrated and indium was triply extracted from the filtrate by 0.7 ml of n- butylacetate. The double re-extraction using 0.25 ml of 0.1 N HCI yielded acid '"in solution. The work was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grant 01-02- 16625). I I..G. Shpinkova, A.A.Sorokin, B A.Koinissarova, G.K.Ryasny, V.N.Kulakov, S.M.Nikitin. Izmeritlnaya iechnika (in Russian), 1999, No. 5, p 56 2. V.N.Kulakov, A.A.Sorokin, Z.Z.Akselrod, A.N.Shirokov, L.G. Shpinkova. Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta. Seriya 2. Khiiuiya. 1998, v. 39, No.5, p. 305 276 Section III. Activation Analysis. Radiochemisin. Production and Application of Isotopes, i UZ0201891 Insiniincntalion and Nuclear Safety _ RADIOMETRIC METHODS FOR SORTING OF MIXED SULPHIDE COLD ORE Mazurkevich A. P., fnozemtsev S. B., Kantsel A.V., Zainyslov A. B., Potapov B.A. Navoi Mining ami Metallurgical Combinat, Integra (iroup, Navoi, Uzbekistan The mineral resources for processing by the Hydrometallurgical Plant #3 (MMP-3) include sulphide gold ore from the Kokpatas and Daugyztau deposits Currently we are processing oxidized ores and in 2 or 3 ihree years expect to involve into the processing cycle the refractory primary sulphide ore from these deposits The cost of production of one gram of gold out of oxidized ore processed by direct sorption cyanidation is nearly two limes lower than that of sulphide ore which is planned to be processed based on complex flow sheet including upgrading by flotation, cyanidation of flotation tails, biooxidation of flotation concentrate, sorption cyanidation. The same flow sheet is suggested for processing of mixed (semi-oxidized) ore, which amounts to about 20% of total reserves of the deposit. In order to increase reserves of more profitable oxidized ore the technicians of the Navoi Mining and Metallurgical C'ombinat and INTEGRA GROUP Ltd conducted a complex of investigations for evaluation the possibility to separate the oxidized portion of mixed ore by automated per lump sorting followed by further treatment by sorption cyanidation with acceptable gold recovery. In a laboratory, selecting representative sample lumps of -100)50 size class of six mixed ore specimen we studied their contrast range against gold and fraction break-up based on various signatures Most effective for this purpose proved to be the photometric method, which enables to separate from the mixed ore up to 50% of oxidized product by direct sorption cyanidation with acceptable gold recovery factor The two-stage soiling including separation of dumping tails by the X-ray and radiomctric method as a first stage and separation of the oxidized portion from the obtained upgraded product by the photometric method enables to increase the concentration of gold by 1,3 - 1,5 times Currently we are conducting experimental development of photometric units in order to equip with them the X-ray-radiometric separators included as a part of trial ore separation complex at the Kokpatas deposit. With implementation of the photometric soiling of mixed ore at the trial ore separation complex we will have an opportunity to obtain about 500-600 thousand tons of the oxidized product per year, which, in its turn, will increase the amount of feed material for the first line oftheHMP-3 •11 UZ0201892 THE DEFINITION OF RATIOS OF THE FLUX DENSITIES OF THE THERMAL AND RESONANCE NEUTRONS FROM Cf-252 SOURCE Bakiev S.A., Rakhinanov .1. Institute of Nuclear Physics Uzbekistan Academy a/Sciences, Tashkent, Uzbekistan The calculation of the spatial distribution of the thermal and epiihermai (resonance) neutrons is rather difficult task, especially for the real conditions, when thermalizing medium 277 Section III Activatiou Analysis. Radiochcmisirv. Production and Application of Isotopes. Nuclear Instrumentation and Nuclear Siifcty _ __ is not homogeneous and has limited dimensions On the other hand, for a number of applied problems it is necessary to know not the absolute values of the thermal \] and resonant fr neutrons tlux density, but their ratios f,/ i]. The values of ft/ fr definition can be deduced to the experimental measurements of cadmium ratios Led by some nuclide (usually by gold) with accurately determined values of activation cross-section by thermal and resonance neutrons (i) where: o, - the thermal neutrons activation cross-section; Ir - resonance integral of activation; Ltj - cadmium ratios; Fed - correction factor, taking into account absorbtion by cadmium of neutrons with energies from Ecp, till Eci 2 2 We have defined (,/ fr ratios for the neutron source of C( in homogeneous water medium as well as with the large mass mineral sample added (the condition of real irradiation assembly). For this, the detector (standard) of thermal and resonance neutrons of gold I mg/cm2 thick were used. The standards were placed in water on different, definite distances from the source. On the opposite side at the same distances standards, wrapped leaf-cadmium of 1 mm thick were placed. i:« \ In order to obtain the values of the cadmium ratios in the standard irradiation assembly (the dense pack of containers with samples placed in three layers with 18 samples in each layer and the source was placed exactly in the; center oi' assembly Standards were placed exactly in the center of container (h " 8. d - 6cm) with samples placed in different geometric positions of the assembly and the opposite equidistant position, wrapped in cadmium. Table water irradiated assembly Distance irrad. distance to from the Led f,/f, position the cen- Loi f,/f,, * source, ter of cm sample,cm 1 2.10 ±0.09 17.2 ± 1.7 1 5.5 2.42 ±0.09 20 3 ± 1.7 5 2.90 ±0.07 29.0 ± 1.5 2 9.5 2.94 ± 0.06 28.2 ± 13 7 3.41 ±0.09 37.5 ± 2.0 3 9.7 2.97 i 0.06 28.6 ± 1.3 10 4 04 ±0.14 46.9 ± 2.9 4 11.5 3.21 ±0.07 32.1 ± 1.5 15 5.00 ±0.23 62 5 ±4.5 5 12 5 3.34 ±0 08 34.0 ± 1.8 6 14.0 3.54 ±0.1 1 36 8 ±2.1 After irradiation standards were replaced, measured and according to their activities cadmium ratios of gold in each irradiating position were defined. Experimentally determined values of cadmium ratios were analyzed by the least squares method and using formula (!) the values of the ratio of f,/ f, depending on the distance from the sources were calculated. In the table obtained values for cadmium ratios LCl| and the ratios off,/ fr in water and irradiated assembly are given. 278 Section III Activation Analysis, Radiochciuistry. Production ;md Application of Isolopci UZ0201893 Instmincnlation and Nuclear Safety _ STUDY OF MICROELEMENT CONTENT IN HAIR OF HEALTHY CHILDREN IN SAMARKAND REGION Rasulov S.K. Samarkand .Medicine Institute, Samarkand, (Izbekistan Microelements (iron, zinc, copper, manganese, cobalt) in organism, being associated with hormones, ferments, vitamins, are of great importance in metabolism and control of blood-forming (erythro- and hemopoiesis) and other processes Knowledge of biogeochentical provinces where people live is of great importance for bioelement study. Dependent on the element content there is observed a relevant biological reaction of inhabitants of this province. Abundance or deficiency of those elements can cause local biochemical endemia In this connection, we were interested in learning concentration level of some elements in hair of common healthy children (teenagers) in Samarkand region. We examined 56 healthy students of Is1 to 2ml grades of primary school, among them 42 boys. Microelement hair analysis was made in the Laboratory of Activation Analysis, Institute jf Nuclear Physics in Tashkent by neutron activation analysis The results have shown that concentrations of iron (69 + 7.6 ug/g) and manganese (2.6 ± 0.3 jlg/g) in hair of healthy children in Samarkand are higher than those for Tashkent children There was also observed that zinc concentration in boys' hair (256 ± 50 ng/g) was considerably higher than that in girls' hair (186 + 8 7 ug/g), while for other elements a difference was not observed It is evident, to make any adequate conclusion it is necessary to find correlation between trace'element composition in biosubstrates and health condiiion of children and to compare results of traditional and untraditional diagnosis methods. Such approach will make it possible to reveal physiological deflection in early stage of disease and, therefore, to make more effectively preventive treatment, determine ecopathological zones, and to elaborate a set of rehabilitation measures. • UZ0201894 COMPUTER ANALYZER FOR RADIATION MONITORS OF THE INP Yuldashev B,S., Karimov Yii.N., Petrenko V.I)., Renteev A.Sh., ShipUov N.N. Institute of Nuclear Physics Uzbekistan Academy oj Sciences, Tashkent, Uzbekistan On the previous conference on the basis of theoretical estimations and analysis of experimental data the guidelines on a design of the installations and measurement method including usage of coincidence circuits were formulated. At the same degree capacity of the equipment to execute it's functions depends on implementation of a system of the analysis of the measured data. Designed and produced in the INP samples of radiation customs monitors included a coincidence analysis and analyzer of excess of a background. Besides in a system the availability of the sensor indicating tde presence of the object is stipulated, which one actuates activity of both analyzers, when the object falls in an examination zone, and provides its stay in this zone during time indispensable to get statistics. 279 Section 111 Activation Analysis. Radiochcinistry. Production and Application o(" Isotopes. Nuclear Instrumentation and Nuclear Safety The customs officers, being guided by the experience on points of the control, have offered to change the scheme of measurements Namely lo supply continuous operational mode of the equipment, since the motion of the pedestrians and automobiles on monitoring points of border has nature of a continuous (low Thus I here is a problem on time of measurement. Really, if the system makes two-second measurements one behind other, it is absolutely not necessary, that the interval of measurement will coincide with an interval of stay of the passenger or automobile in a range coverage of a system. The problem is resolved by conversion of an instantaneous value of a signal of the score. \i(c)K(t CVIZ i • t> Here / ft) ~ converted function of the score acting on a comparator of the alarm system, / (t) - instantaneous value of a function of the score. K ft-x) = core of a convolution - some function, which in an ideal represents the character H. with length of a crossbar being equal to the time of single measurement The approach was realized at a level of an electronics engineering by usage of simple integrating chips on the basis of operational amplifiers Nevertheless during test measurements for such technology there were detected a number of principled imperfections. In analogue integrating circuits the shape of a core of a convolution has appeared to be far from Il-type Actually, it is a pulse having vertical leading edge and exponential decay, with relaxation time conforming to time of integrating The value of an output signal has appeared dependent not only on quantity of pulses registered by a system, but also on an interval between them That is at the same score the signal level acting on a comparator, could vary by SO % So that to use a part of an electronics engineering related to the analysis of a channel of coincidences was impossible It was a reason to refuse usage of analogue circuits and to submit primary signals at once after their formation to a computer analyzer. The device of a reception of metenng pulses is a plate of the multicounter manufactured by "ASPECT" Dubna It is executed in the standard of IBM PC and is pasted directly into the computer, which one is an analyzer of the monitor. The analyzer can be included in a local area- net, and in this case data of measurements will be accessible to all users. Apart from a function of a data analysis the computer solves a problem of data storage, their archiving on a hard disk, showing the received real-time data. GENERATION OF PARAMAGNETIC COMPLEXES IN THE PROCESS OF METAL SALT ADSORPTION BY CARBONIZED MATERIALS 'Ryabikin Yu.A., 2Mnnsurova R.M., 'Zashkvara O.V, 2Mansurov Z.A., 2Zhylybjieva N.K. ' Physical-Technical Institute, MHFAS RK, A/maty, Kazakhstan Combustion Problem Institute, A/maty, Kazakhstan Carbonized materials are widely used as enterosorbents of harmful substances, including heavy metals. Most often the sorbents got in birch wood carbonization process are used in practice. However, recently more effective sorbents have been discovered, namely, carbons obtained by stone carbonization of some fruits: apricot, grape, plum and walnut shell. 280 Section Id. Activation Analysis. Radiocltcnustn. Production and Application of Isotopes. Nuclear This work presents the EPR study results concerning salt solution adsorption of some metals by carbonized walnut shell Walnut shell carbonization was carried out at the temperature of 800°C in atmosphere of argon ov air. Metal concentration in the solution was approximately 10 limits of permissible concentration (LPC). The sample of carbon being impregnated during one day with a suitable solution, was dried and then the EPR. spectra were registered. The common regularity for all samples was availability of two lines in the EPR spectrum: the broad line represented complex of metal with carbon, and the other, narrow line, referred to unpaired electrons of the initial sample which was not a part of the metal- carbon complexes. Their concentration^ for all investigated samples were, in average, by three orders lower than in the initial sample (-101'' unsp.e./g) On the walnut shell sample, carbonized in an argon atmosphere, Cd and Cu salts were sorbed. EPR. line width of the metal-carbon complexes for Cd was equal to AH-140 Oe and for Cu All "230 Oe. For the walnut shell sample carbonized in air the salts of the following metals: Cd, Mo, Fe, Co, Mn were sorbed; their line widths were 470 Oe, 460 Oe, 150 Oe, 120 Oe and 290 Oe, respectively. The complexes with ferromagnetic metals (Fe, Co) can be noted to have more narrow lines than with Mn, Cd and Mo and, conversely, rest unpaired electrons have the .videst lines (9-11 Oe). EPR line width for the initial samples was 4 4;-5 2 Oe. In order to understand nature of the formed paramagnetic complexes the electron- microscopic investigation of carbonized walnut shell impregnated with Cd and Cu salts has been performed. We have discovered that, from walnut shell being carbonized at 800° C, carbon nanotube formed, which captured metal particles Thus, it has been shown that, when metal enterosorption of the carbonized walnut shell occurred, metal-carbon paramagnetic complexes were formed. These complexes can be easily removed from living organism. UZ0201895 CROSS-SECTIONS FOR THE RADIONUCLIDES PRODUCTION IN THE HEAVY ELEMENT TARGETS IRRADIATED WITH INTERMEDIATE ENERGY PROTONS AT THE MOSCOW MESON FACTORY Ryabov Yu.V. Institute for Nuclear Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia Last years the growth of interest has been observed in the investigations of the radionuclide cross sections in the thin targets of different heavy elements by intermediate energy protons. This was based on with development of the nuclear transmutation conception using powerful current proton accelerators The Ta, W, Bi, Pb, Th and U are the most perspective elements for realization of neutron produced targets. The cross sections of radionuclide yields for constructive materials (Al, Ti, V, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zr, Mo and others) are of special interest in the intermediate energy proton [I]. In this work the cross sections of the long-lived isotope productions on the Ti, Cu, Ta, W, Pb, Th and U targets were measured for proton energy region from 143 up to 325 MeV and were tested the abilities of two codes to reproduce a certain of excitation function data for above-mentioned reactions. The physics 281 HI Actuation Anahsis. Radiochciuisiry. Production :md Application (if Isotopes. Niideiu Instrumentation and Njiclcar S:ife4\ of Intranuclear Cascadc-F.vaporation-Fission iCI'F) and of well-known I INS-ALICE: Codes were described in same detail in 11,2.3,4J. The experiment was carried out at the Low Proton Ctirrem Facility Experimental Area of MMF. Metallic thin (0.05 - 0.1 mm) samples was irradiated with Al-foil for a monitoring of a total proton current in an inner proton beam. The average proton current and the irradiation time were 5 - 10 ink A and 1-10 hours, correspondingly. After the irradiation the induced radioactivity was measured by off-line method with high resolution gamma-detectors of three types. Ge(Li) with NaJ(TI) Compton suppression systems, IIPGe and planar Gl.P. The photopeak intensities of the gamma-lines in the spectra were determined with the several hours up to several months for long-live radioactive isotopes The experimentally determined cross sections and calculation values by CEF and I IMS-Alice codes are presented. Moreover, the excitations of the high spin nuclear isomeric states by the same energy protons were investigated. The phenomenon of excitation of metastable nuclear states with high spin (10-20h) was observed in the stopped negative pion absorption by nucleus [5J. In the following years this process was investigated in details in experiments at meson facilities (6|. The theory [6J predicted that this phenomenon has a universal nature, and has to be observed in other reactions induced by intermediate enemy particles However, there were no data, supporting this prediction The excitation of isomers with the highest spin in Ta , Aul;?, NbJ'\ In""1 and Cu''1 targets was investigated for the first time at the present experiment. The isomeric ratios for those isomers are lower about 10-100 times than in the stopped negative pion absorption and theoretical predictions. Perhaps the mechanisms of high spin isomeric states excitation in direct (the negative pion absorption process) and opposite (the proton-nuclear reaction) reactions are different. This work was partly supported by the R1TR Grant N 06-02-3004. References: 1. V.Kazaritsky, Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Accelerator-Driven Transmutation Technologies and Applications, Kalmar, Sweden, v. l( 1096), 77 2. R.Hofmann, A.S.Iljinov, et al Phys.Rev.C40 (1004), 2555 3 A.S.Iljinov, et al. Nucl.Phys. A543( 1992), 517 4 M Blann Phys.Rev. C55 (1996), 134 5. V.5" Butsevet al. Sov.J.Nucl.Phys 23(1076), 17 6. V.S.Butsev, A.S.IIjinov and S.E.Chigrinov Sov.J.Panicles and Nuclei. I l( 1080), 000 UZ0201896 STATE OF A NEUTRON-ACTIVATION ANALYSIS OF HIGH PURE MATERIALS IN INSTITUTE NUCLEAR PHYSICS AS RU Sadikov I.I. Institute of Nuclear Physics Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Tashkent, Uzbekistan Rapid growth of micro- and optoelectronics in a start of the seventieth years, has stipulated of getting of new semiconducting m;.i,eriais and high pure substances with given properties. A contents of impurity elements in thrsc materials n I07 - n. l()"s % of mass and is lower, and doped components n.KJ" - n-io' % was limited. For the technology of receipting high pure substances and semiconducting materials on their basis were required the methods oi' an analytical control which provided the necessary detection iimits and moreover were 282 Section III. Activation Analysis, Radiocheinisiry, Production and Application oHsoiopcs. Nuclear Instrumentation and Nuclear Safety ,, __ multielemently. One of such methods is the neutron activation analysis. For solution of the given problem in institute of a nuclear physics AS RU in i 074 the laboratory of an activation analysis of pure materials was created. At the beginning of the existence in laboratory were developed in main three directions nondesitaction neutron activation analysis, track autora- diography and determining an alpha active radionuclides in ionization chamber with usage of the horizontal channel of a reactor At the end of seventieth, with appearance of new semiconducting materials of a type A2B", A'B" and other substances with a strongly radioactivity matrix have begun develop radiochemical variant of a neutron-activation analysis, and also XRF method of the analysis, for determination of component composition of these materials and different alloys of transistors, operating for obtaining. The application of radiochemical variant and semiconducting detectors high resolution and efficiency has yielded a new push in development of neutron-activation analysis in laboratory. If earlier by main Objects of the analysis were high purity aluminum, silicon and germanium, in eightieth the number of analyzed objects in laboratory has crossed for 20. Among them such strongly radioactivity materials as telluride of cadmium, telluride of cadmium and mercury, telluride of manganese and mercury, gallium arsenide, their components, molybdenum, tungsten, zinc, copper etc At development of techniques of radiochemical separating defined and prevented radionuclides in main the high efficiency and selective methods of extraction and ion- exchange chromatography were used In the ninetieth years number of analyzed objects has reached up to 40. To the present time in laboratory of an activation analysis of pure materials the techniques of a highly sen- sitive and multiple neutron-activation analysis C, Al, Si, Ti, V, Mn, Cu, Zn, Gc, As, Se, Mo, Pd, Ag, Cd, In, Sn, Sb, Te, VV, Re, Os, Hg, Pb, 13i of the special pure, and also borides, silici- des, carbides of different elements, multicomponent semiconductors etc. are carry out The carried techniques enable to determine 25-35 elements with detection limits n. l()"-n 10' % mass', and for some elements to n,IOu % mass The characteristics of technique of neutron activated analysis for some objects presented in the table. Table 1 lie detection limits of investigated materials Object Determinated impurities Detection limits, %, mass. C*, Si*, SiC*, •Na, Mg, Al, K, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, As, Se. Br, Zr, Mo, Pd, Ag, Cd, In, Sn, Sb, IO-'-IO-12 Te, Cs, Ba, La, Ce, Pr, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Yb, Hf, Ta, VV, Re, Ir, Pt, Au, Th, U Ge Na, K, P, Sc, Cr, Co, Cu, Zn, Se, Sr, Mo, Pd, Ag, Cd, Sb, Te, Cs, La, Ce, Pr, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho," Yb, IO-5-IO-'° Hf, Ta, VV. Re, lr, Pt, Au Al Ms>, Cl, K, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Cr. Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, As, Se, Bt\ Zr, Mo, Pel, Ag, Cd, In, Sn, Sb, Cs, IO-'-IO"'" La, Ce, Pr, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Yb, I If, Ta, W, Re, Ir, Pt, Au, Th, U Ti, V Na, K, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, A.s, Se, Zr, Mo, Pd, Ag, Cd, Sn, Sb, Te, Cs, La, Ce, Pr, Sm, Eu, IO'5~ 10"" Gd, Tb, Dy, Yb, \\i\ Ta, VV, Re, Ir, Pt, Th, U Mn Na, K. Sc, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn. Ga, As, Se, Sr, Mo. Ag, Cd, in, Sn, Sb, Cs, Ba. La, Ce, Pr, Sm, Eu, Gd, I0---10-10 Tb, Dy, Ho, Yb, Hf, Ta, W, Re, Ir, Au, Th, U Mo*, MoSb* Na, K, Ca, Sc, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Zr, 10'-- IO'S Au, Sn, Sb, Cs, Hf, Ta, W, Re, Ir, Au, Th, U 283 Seclion HI. Activation Analysis, Radiochcmistrv. Production ;u>ri Application oflsotopes. Nuclear Instrumentation and Nuclear Safety W*, WSi2* Na. K. Sc, Cr. Mn, Fe. Co, Ni, Cu, Zn. As. Se. Zr. 10'' - 10" Mo. Ag. Sn, Sb, Cs, Hf. Ta. Os. li. Th, U Cd Na, K, Sc, Cr, Mn, Fc, Co, Ni. Zn. Ga. As, Si. Cs. Ba, IO'"1 - ! 0"* La, Ce, Pr, Sm, Eu. Gd. Tb, Dv. Ho, Yb, llf. Te Na, K, Sc, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni Cu, As Se, Au, Cd, I0"4- l0x In, Cs, Ba. La, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dv. Yb, llf, Re, V Re. NH^ReO4 Na, K, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni. Cu. Zn. Ga, As. Se, Zr. Mo, Ag. Cd, In. Sn, Sb. Te. Cs. Ba. La. Ce. Pr. Sm, I0"4- 10* Bu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Yb, Hf, Ta. W. Ir. Th, U Hg Na, K, Sc, Cr, Mn. Fe. Co, Ni. Cu. Zn. Ga. As, Se, In, 10''- 10s Sn, Sb, Cs, Ba, La, Sm. l-u. Gd, Tb. Ho, Yb. Hf CdxHgi.xTe, Na, K, Sc. Cr. Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, As, In, Cs, Ba. La, Ce, 10""- !0'x CdxMn,.xTe Pr, Sm, Bu, Gd, Tb. Dv. Ho. Yb, Hf Pb. PbS Na, K, Sc, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu. Zn, Ga. In, Cs, Ba, 10"- lO'" La, Ce, Pr. Sm. Bu, Gd, Tb, Dv. Ho. Yb, llf. An UZ0201897 ON-LINE AND INFORMATIVE NUCLEAR- PHYSICAL METHODS OF MANUFACTURING PROCESS CONTROL Sattarov G., Latyshcv V.K., 'Kadirov F., JVIuzzafarov A., 'kisl A.A. Navai Mining In Navoi region uranium has been mined for more than 35 years and gold for more than 30 years using hydrometallurgical methods. Different physical-chemical and nuclear-physical methods of analysis have been used for element analysis of the ore and products containing uranium and gold. Nuclear - physical methods have some advantages such as high sensitivity, capability of simultaneous determination of several elements, opportunity to introduce automation into analysis process and immediate obtaining of the results (express method) of element analysis by short-lived radionuclides. The present work represents the comparative figures of nuclear-physical methods for on-line control of gold, uranium and some rare elements recovery processes by means of sampling and in continuous flow of pulp and solutions. They include: sorption gold leaching control; ore quality control as well as gravitation and flotation concentrates quality control; X- ray - fluorescent analysis, radio-index and gamma-absorption analysis; neulron-activation analysis; analysis of elements in continuos flow of pulp and solutions. The given work shows the analytical capabilities of some informative nuclear research methods developed for studying of geochemical and processing behavior of gold, uranium and associated elements (such as radioluminescence photo recording; neutron-activation autoradiography and radio scanning, alpha, beta and gamma spectrometry of naturally- active samples; determination of forms of elements contained in underground and sewage water, studying of teachability of elements in dynamic and static conditions; determination of the duration of products being in the manufacturing units). The specific examples of the developed methods use for investigation of geochemical behavior of primary and associated elements, for control of gold, uranium as well as some rare and scattered elements recovery from ore and intermediate production wastes as well as for evaluation of the conditions of production tailings are given here. 284 Section III. Activation Analysis. Rndioclicmistry, Production and Application of Isotopes UZ0201898 Instrumentation and Nuclear Safety DETERMINATION OF THE TISSUE BINDING WITH TRITIUM LABELLED INSULIN IN THE PATIENTS WITH DIABETES MELLITUS 'Shamansurova Z.M., 2Kim A.A., 'Akbarov Z.S., 'Normukhnnicdova N.F., 2*Djuraev, a (I.T., 'Akliiiiedova M. 'institute of Endokrinolog}', Tashkent, Uzbekistan 2 Institute of Nuclear Physics. Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Tashkent, Uzbekistan Tissue insulin interaction is important process in many pathologic states. In Diabetes Mellitus in tissue, biologic action of insulin in many cases are reduced But, in recent studies it was shown that tissue insulin binding may be tower, normal or even higher The arm of this study was determination of the tissue (erythrocytc) bind up with tritium labeled insulin at Diabetes Mellitus. Insulin purified from commercial preparat "Aktrapid"(Novo Nordisk, Denmark) was labeled by thermally activated tritium Blood samples were obtained from cubital vein of 18 oatients with Diabetes Mellitus and 9 non-diabetic subjects, were stabilized with 0,85% solution of sodium citrate Erythrocytes were separated from plasma by centrifugation at 3000 rpm during 10 minutes, then washed three times by centrifugation at 1000 rpm during 10 minutes with double volume of the 0.9% NaCI solution In 0.05 ml of erythrocytes in 0.5 ml of Krebs-Ringer-phosphate medium it was added tritium labelled insulin in 0,01 U/ml. Mixture was incubated for 30 minutes at 37"(\ Alter incubation mixture was cooled in ice, erythrocytes were separated by centrifugation at 1000 rpm during 10 minutes. We counted radioactivity in both supernatant and in erythrocytes. The results show that erythrocytes binding with tritium labeled insulin was higher in the patients with Diabetes Meilihis than in non-diabetic patients Erythrocytes insulin binding capability was independent of age. sex, duration of disease, type of Diabetes in our experiment. Therefore erythrocytes binding with insulin may reflect the cell plasma membrane disturbances degree and not show the biologic action of insulin. Acknowlegments: This study was granted from "Fond of the Support of Fundamental Reseaches" of The Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan in 1999-2001 TECHNOLOGICAL NUCLEAR INSTRUMENT-MAKING AND GLOBAL CIVILIZATION OF THE XXI CENTURY 'Aminova R.ll., 'Arifov IM'., 'imamov IJ.Z., 'SaTarova S.A., 2C»IIIOHIOV S.S., Sliermuklnnnedov A.T., "'iVIirtazacv O.M., 4Nurmatov Q.S. Institute of problems of higher and special education, Tashkent, Uzbekistan "Tashkent Stale Economic University, Tashkent, Uzbekistan Republican Institute of Health, Tashkent, Uzbekistan * National Hunk of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan The widest known and paradoxical, integrated and system technological accomplishment of XX century is a complex of scientific and practical achievements of 285 Section 111. Activation Analysis, Radtoclwinistry, Production and AppUca I. World Conference on Intellectual Systems lor Industrial Automation. Edited by N. R. Usifbekov, R Aliev, P. Alievv, Tashkent, Uzbekistan, September 14-16, 2000. Proceedings.B-Quadrat Vcrlag. 86016 Kaufenny. 286 Section III Activation Analysis. Radiochcntistr>. Production and Application of Isotopes. Nuclear Insintincntation and Nuclear Safctv 2. Arifov P.U. et al.. Advanced intellectual"biological and medical technologies of global usage of the 21st century and the fundamental quantum phenomenon of electron-positron annihilation: pp. 166-170 3. Arifov P.U. et al., On creation of problem and subject oriented code electronic intelligent databases in Uzbekistan for global usage pp. 220-223 UZ0201899 THE CONTROL OF MOVEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS AND RADIOACTIVE CONTAMINATION AT INP AS RU AND OBJECTS' ENTRANCE POSTS Yuldashev U.S., Karimov Yu.N., Koz'nicnko A.V.,_Pclrenko V.I)., Podkovyriii A.I., Rndyuk R.I., Kcmccv A.Sh., Shipilov N.N.. Chekin A.V. Institute of Nuclear Physics, Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Tashkent, Uzbekistan It is known that the control on movement of radioactive materials through entrance posts oft he Institute and its objects as well as revealing contamination of Institute's employees and their cloths etc is important problem The set-ups installed at the end of 50-th years- for such monitoring are out of operatic n. It is necessary to elaborate, manufacture, install and test modern equipment permitting round a clock monitoring on the objects Our staff has elaborated and introduced such set-ups in the Institute's objects At the Institute's main entrance control post the set-up consisting from two scintillation detectors located 80cm from each other was installed. The set-up' s operation is based on comparison of intensities of radiation registered by detectors when passing the objects containing radioactivity. This permits to exclude the influence of background variation This was reported in details at the pievious Conference. At the wicket-gates and gates detectors protected from Influence of atmospheric precipitation and temperature were installed. When passing by the radioactivity or contaminated object through the wicket-gates, the alarm signal is produced in the room of guards on duty. The same signals are produced when passing the contaminated vehicle through the gates and they are doubled on guards post by sound and light signals. The high sensitivity of detector installed at the gates is provided by the use of 100mm diameter mono- crystal. At the entrance to Main Physics Building, WWR-SM reactor and cyclotron U-150 doubled scintillation detectors permitting reliably register all excesses of radiation background were also installed. During the operation several people passing the radioactivity or being contaminated (part of the body or cloths) were revealed. There is a hope that high sensitivity and reliability of set-ups installed by us will essentially increase radiation safety and discipline in the Institute of Nuclear Physics. 287 Section III. Activation Analysis, Radiochcmislry. Prodiiciion and Application of Isotopes, Ni UZ0201900 Instrumentation and Nuclear Safety (4He, xn) REACTION FOR 1IltnCd PRODUCTION Starodub G.Ya., Dmitriev S.N., Novgorocluv A.F., Lebedev A.N., Filosofov D.V. John Institute for Nuclear Research, hierov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions. Dubna, Russia Among radioactive isotopes, finding the increasing use in nuclear medicine, the mCd isomer is considered as a perspective radionuclide for radioimmunotherapy. The present work is to study experimental conditions of the l!""Cd production in the 1O9Ag("4He, 2»)mln ->nlmCd reaction when the targets from natural Ag reached by the l09Ag isotope have been irradiated by 4He ions On the basis of results of formation, decay of '"in —> "lmCd and radiochemical separation of isotopes, the evaluation of the mln and "ln'Cd activity was made and the scheme of the "lmCd generator was proposed. UZ0201901 THE INFORMATION - ANALYTICAL DATABASE ON TIIE ELEMENT CONTENTS OF NATURAL OBJFXTS Gurvich L.C, Tillaev T.S., Uiunralicv A.T. Institute of Nuclear Physics, Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Tashkent, Uzbekistan The Database on element content of natural objects "ELEMENT" is the constituent of an automated information-computing algorithmic complex for nuclear analysis In the Database, there is an information on the element contents of in various natural objects (environmental objects - air, soil, water etc., geological objects - lithosphere, erupted ores, objects of living nature - organs of plants, living organisms, animal, man, etc.). The Sanitary Norms are included in the Database: the minimum acceptable concentration of chemical substances in the environment (in air, waters and soils) - inspected parameters of chemical elements and inorganic compounds, mixtures of inorganic compounds, chemical elements in food samples. Besides, in the Database, there is an information on standard samples and abundance of the elements in space objects. The elements contents in the Database are given in terms of the primary sources, and for transforming them 'from one unit to another the built-in specialized calculator is included in the complex In the given block of the complex there are following possibilities of information processing: construction of geochemicai spectra, calculation and graphic presentation of the relation of the selected elements, calculation of enrichment factors in different objects on the base of the reference element, etc., and also a possibility of drawing up average samples of the selected objects taking into account all information put in the Database. The software of the complex is constructed on the base of "client-server" technologies. The customer part is written on the programming language JAVA, which ensures its transition in various platforms and is intended for service "of the fine customers" in a medium of the Internet-technologies. A simple amicable interface dues not require preliminary preparation of the user. The database access is carried out under HTTP protocol through the Internet- observer. The server part uses a data base Postgre SQL, but it can be, if necessary, easily transferred to any other DBMS Apache is used as the HTTP server. The complex is intended for the chemist-analysts, experts in the field of environment protection and physicists elaborating nuclear-physical techniques of the element analysis 288 Section III Activation Analysis. Rjuiiodiemistiy, Production and Application of Isotopes UZ0201902 hisirunicniajjonjiiul NIICleaj[_Sii_lct\ RADON MEASUREMENTS BY SSNTI) AT DI1 FERENT GEOMETRY OF EXPERIMENT En Z., Vasidov AM Tsipin V.Z., Tillaev T.S., 'Akimov V.A. Institute of Nuclear Physics, Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Tashkent, Uzbekistan 1 Scientific Association «Akademasbob>), Tashkent, Uzbekistan Radon monitoring devices based on etched track detectors can be classified into four types: envelope or bare detector sampler, diffusion, permeation and radon collector samplers with various kinds of modification In our experiments we examined five geometries of three first types: 1) bare detector, 2) detector in an thin (3 u.m) Makrofol bag, 3) detector in a filter bag, 4) a cup with open end, and 5) a cup with a filtered end All of them were examined for indoor measurements. The detector used was CR-39 (TASTRAK, UK) plastic The detector samplers were suspended on about 1 in from ceiling Exposition time in general was 10 to 30 days. The exposed plastics were etched in the 6 M NaOl I solution, at 60°C, for 4 hours. A bare detector is characterized by a high detection efficiency because it is able to tegister both radon as well as radon daughter alphas. However, due to plate-out effect'of radon daughter particles a reproducibility can be unstable, because plate-out effect depends to a ,yreat extent on environment conditions (ventilation rate, aerosol concentration, dust presence in air, and so on) The response of the Makrofol bag detector sampler to radon and its progeny was a little lower because of attenuation effect The filter bag sampler detects only radon alphas, all radon daughter panicles are stopped by the filter The response depends on a permeation ability of the filter material There was noted, that reading of both sides of the first three .types of devices differed from each other that can be explained by a presence of air ventilation directions. A can detector sampler with a filtered end is referred to a permeation device. The main advantage of this technique is prevention from the radon progeny plate-out effect. It detects only radon alphas and those daughters which are produced after the radon gas enters the cup space Our experiments showed that this type of device has a high reproducibility and rather high detection efficiency. The responses of the detectors of different geometry of the experiment determined in our work were relative values. The absolute values capable of transforming track densities into radon concentration were unable to be measured at this stage, since here was not a calibration radon room at our disposal. For this reason, to estimate quantitatively a radon level in the measured rooms, the calibrated Alpha-Guard device was used along with the track detectors , and the calibration factors for track detector devices were evaluated. UZ0201903 EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF PLUTONIUM ISOTOPE NUCLEAR TRANSFORMATION IN POST-CHERNOBYL PERIOD Vorona P.M., Muravytsky A.V., Razbuday V.F. Institute for Nuclear Research, NAS of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine Change in time of radioactivity values in the environment after Chernobyl accident, due to radionuclide decay and transformations was considered. Its dynamics is determined by the 289 Section iii. Active**** Awaiysis. Radiochcmistrv. Production and Application of Isotopes. Nuclear Instrumentation aud Nuclear Safely relation between the activities of short- and long-living radionuclides m composition of Chernobyl releases At the initial post-accident period radiation situation was formed by ' J nuclide (period of half-decay is S.04 days) .-M present this situation is formed by yoSr, " C"s and transuranium nuclides. This paper is devoted to the analysis of alpha-activity dynamics in the environment connected with plutonium isotope transformations The main attention is paid to "' Pn since it is the initial link in the chain of biologically significant a-radionuclides; 211Pu( 14,35 years) '^—> 241 Am (432 years) --->:r7Np (2,1 • 10" years) —-—> ...etc. Initial correlation between the activities of plutonium isotopes at the accident moment was determined. Relative increase in time of u-activity in the environment because of the :4lAm radioniclide accumulation was calculated on this basis Measurements of activity correlations were made by spectrometry of a-radiation in the environmental samples taken within 10-kilometer /.one around Chernobyl NPP in ll)86 Samples for a-spectrometry were prepared by radioehemical extraction of plutonium from the available probes. Three series of alpha-spectrum measurements in plutonium samples were realized for identification of 24lAm accumulation in time immediately after the sample preparation and after 6-7 and 12-13 following years. 6 samples were measured in total. Commor. analysis of all spectra revealed the following correlation between the activities of plutonium isotopes at the moment of accident: A(24lPu)/A(2tx:w:u)Pu)-47J -.0,4 Calculations of additional environmental con'amination created by alpha-activities formed in post-Chernobyl period based on the sample's experimental data indicates that contribution of" Am activity will reach maximum value approximately in I OS years after the accident. Its value will correspond to It should be noted that at the moment of accident this value was equal 0,04 (on account of Am accumulated in the reactor before accident) In conclusion, we remark that the above mentioned experimental results are universal for the environment although they were obtained for particular local points of probe taking UZ0201904 PRIMARY GOALS OF RADIATION CONTROL Zaredinov D.A., AHaeva B.M., Giyasova M.IYI. Second Tashkent Slate Medical Institute, Tashkent, Uzbekistan The analysis of the organization of radiation protection in the Republic of Uzbekistan and abroad testifies a constant expansion of sphere of application of concepts, principles and norms of radiation safety li is connected to continuous growth of the number of people, exposed to the influence of the artificial sources of irradiation At the first stage of use of the sources ionizing radiation in medicine and national economy only a limited contingent of 200 Section 111. Activaiion Analysis, Radiochcnustry. Production and Application of Isotopes, Nuclear Instrumentation and Nuclear Safety people directly working with the sources of ionizing radiation (radiologists, radiographists etc.), underwent radiation control, the aim of which was to obtain the necessary information on radiation condition in the areas and irradiation doses of the personnel But further, in connection with a construction and operation of the nucleai industry enterprises in some countries of the world, norms of radiation safety began to be applied not only to professional workers, but also to people anyhow exposed to the influence of the additional (over background) irradiation. Finally, during the last 25 years, owing to sharp increase of use of radionuclides, sources of ionizing radiation and nuclear-physical equipment in various spheres of economy, and first of all - due to the development of nuclear power, there appeared a problem of the organizing control of the additional irradiation of very wide sections of population. As a matter of fact, the necessity for the estimation of the additional radiation influence practically on all population of the Earth became obvious with realization of nuclear tests and global dispersion of the artificial radionuclides. Today another important purpose in the estimation of irradiation of wide sections of population is to define the level of natural radiation background Taking into account the above-stated, the following can be attributed to the primary goals of the radiation control: ;i) measurement of levels of dangerous radiation factors in the working and adjacent zones; b) measurement of dozes of external irradiation, intake and content of radioactive isotopes for workers; c) estimation of conformity of radiation conditions to allowable norms; cl) revelation and estimation of the basic sources of the increased radiation danger; e) registration of the actual influence degree of the complex of dangerous radiation factors on workers and the distribution of these data among concerned circle of people and organizations; f) control of radioactive waste products, level of environment pollution by radioactive substances, estimation of the influence degree of radiation factors on the population living in area of enterprise location. It is extremely important to pay attention to the strengthening of radiation safety role as a fundamental science, and without its development and achievements it is impossible to solve urgent issues of radiation protection UZ0201905 RETROSPECTIVE ESR- DOSIMETRY OF SOILS, IRRADIATED BY DOZES UP TO 1 Mracl Pivovarov S., Rucliin A., Zhdanov A. Institute of Nuclear Physics NNC IIK, A/maty, Kazakhstan Dose loads of soils are the important characteristic for an estimation of potential damage to health of the population of the regions suffered from nuclear incidents. Retrospective dosimelry technique allows to receive them if in samples of soils the detector of radiations for example, a mineral is found, in which under local conditions radiating defects are accumulated and conserved and give ESR-signal. 291 Section II! Activation Analysis. Radiochemislry. Production and Application of I sol opes. Nuclear Instrumentation and Nuclear Safety The selected ESR as a detector of an integrated doze should be available in sufficient quantity for measurements in all informative samples; to accumulate radiating defects of PMC-type; PMC should be kept under the regional climatic conditions; there should be an algorithm of signal processing or registration conditions allowing to separate it unequivocally from the other signals and to register (measure) The destruction of IJMC, arisen in experimental samples before test in a natural way is an important requirement as it is knov/n that minerals when existing can receive rather large doze from a natural background irradiation (the capacity of doze in granite rocks is considered to be equal to — 0.9Gr for 1000 years), which may be much higher than technogenic doze of irradiation The radiation signals from the signals of absorption were chosen, and from them - the narrowest, corresponding to requirements mentioned above were selected It is the signal, g- factor of centre of a greater components of which is equal to 2.0006 and a half-width ~ 0.5 G. The conditions of sample preparation and registration of this srgnal were selected (microwave power of 0.05 mW etc.), that allowed to remove all interfering signals. From the set of properties including a unmonotonous curve of an annealing it is possible to assume identity of it with known from the literature [I] signal El' - centre from election located in oxygen vacancy of a lattice of "amorphous" quartzes The comparison of annealing curves in chalcedony, agate, opal, flint and samples of STNS has shown that the chosen signal is connected to presence of Hint in soils For each sample the dozes of irradiation of Test Site soils - !0' Gy were obtained by extrapolation to zeio of additional doze- dependence of a signal strength The percentage of flint in a working fraction ~ (15 - 30) % was determined as the ratio of intensities of signals at great doze in soil and in pure flint. The detailed discussion of the technique, results and problems requiring further study is given. The technique is supposed to be perspective for definition of doze loads of soils of regions with integrated doze of an irradiation, which i . not exceeding 10-15 kGy. To find out the further details of the technique and to use it with more confidence it is necessary to get additional data about soils of STNS as well as of other regions suffered from nuclear incidents. 1. Pivovarov, S., Rukhin, A., Seredavina, T, 2000 ESR of environmental objects from Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site Applied Radiation and Isotopes 52, pp. 1255-1258 UZ0201906 • i STUDY OF OSMIUM CONCENTRATING CONDITIONS FROM NITRATE AND SULPHATE SOLUTIONS USING OSMIUM -185 AND OSMIUM - 191 Zhuravlev A., Karimkulov D., Rizaeva Sh., Rakhimov Kh., Mirzaeva M. Institute of Nuclear Physics, Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Tashkent Uzbekistan Determination of osmium in nitrate-and-sulfate solutions meets some difficulties due to insufficient data on chemistry of nitrate and sullate osmium compounds in various solutions obtained under different conditions. There are also some difficulties in concentrating osmium from those solutions The existing method on concentrating osmium on the resin EDE-1 OP makes it possible to extract osmium from the solutions containing a free sulfuric acid in 292 Section HI. Activation Analysis. Radiochcmistry. Production and Application offsotopes. Nuclear Instrumentation and Nuclear Safety _ _ _ quantity of 10 g/l by 95 %, and desor|>tion of osmium by various electrolytes is insignificant. Extraction of osmium from industrial products can be performed by various technological ways. Osmium is separated from other metals and concentrated using various chemical techniques, among them distillation, precipitatation, co-prccipitation, sorption, extraction. Research was carried out using a radiotracers technique. The Os distribution has been studied at decomposition of industrial product containing VIo, Cu, Fe, S, silicon oxide, Mg, Ca, AI, etc. using nitric acid at different temperature and duration of the process The conditions have been found at which osmium -185, 191 basically concentrates in the nitrate-and-sulfate solution and pulpa The conditions of concentrating Os-185, -191 have been studied from nitrate-and- sulfate- waste solutions formed at processing of industrial pioducts at presence of nitrate and sulfatc at pH~l, hydrated precipitates of pH-4-7, sulfate protoxide of iron at p!l=9-l4, ampholite WP-14K at pII-2-3 Concentrating Os was also carried out by a distillation method. The method included separation of tetra-oxide Os by nitric (sulfuric) acid at the presence of an oxidi/er. Os was absorbed in carbon tetra-chloride, from which osmium was re-extracted by a minimal volume of the NaOH solution UZ0201907 SORPTION OF OSMIUM I ROM NITRATE AND SliLFATE SOLUTIONS ON THE I.iP-14 Ivr IONITE Zhuravlev A., Ganiev A., RLaeva Sh., Ivarimknlov I)., Unkhimov Kh., Mirzaeva M. Institute of Nuclear Physics; Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Tashkent Uzbekistan The methods commonly used for concentrating and subsequent extraction of Os involve extraction, precipitation, distillation and ion-exchange chromatography. The use of ion- exchange makes it-possible to extract Os from solutions of complex composition up to 95%. Its desorption, however, is strongly impeded and si-arch for new methods providing effective elution is a challenging problem To study sorption and desorption of osmium from organic ion-exchangers is more convenient with use of Os-185 radionuclide. The Os-185 was obtained by irradiation of metallic osmium in the irradiation pipe of the WWK-SM reactor with a neutron flux of 5 SO enf'sec' . The target was transferred into device and OsO.| was extracted from nitric acid at the temperature of 1 !0° C into the 10% of sodium hydroxide. First, Os was concentrated by sorbing it on the UP-14 Kr amphaiite from nitrate-and- sulfaie solutions. At the solution of pi 1-3-4 and mixing time of 2 hours and at the ratio of solid phase to liquid one ! to 4 (S:L - 1:4), the Os was sorbed by the ion-exchange agent to 95 %, 10 % of ihis amount was due to co-precipitation of Os on hydroxides of metals produced in the solutions. Ammonium hydroxide was used as an eluant. Phases had been mixed for 3 hours at the ratio of solid phase to liquid one 1 to 5. Radioactivity of the sample was measured by the E~-646 Kev line of the Os-185 using multichannel analyzer. The amount of the desorbed Os was determined in percents. in increasing of Nil, O!! concentration from 1 to 6 % desorption of Os increased from 1 5 to 60 %., respectively. 293 Section III. Activation Analysis. Radiochcmistry. Production and Application oflsolopes, I UZ0201908 Instrumentation and Nuclear Safety _ ANALYSIS OF RADIOACTIVE BACKGROUND SPECTRl M Ykhmedova G., Isakulov E., Mukhanimndova D., Oiiianov Sli., Omniiovn H. Samarkand Slate University, Samarkand, I hdekistan Radioactive background of environment consists basically of cosmic rays, natural radionuclide radiation scattered in the environment, radioactive wastes of various scientific and medical institutions, nuclear tests, etc In experiments connected with ionizing radiation, it is necessary to obtain full and trustworthy information on the level of radiation background For this reason the study and continuous monitoring of the background are ofcertain scientific and practical interest. In the gamma-spectrum of the radioactive background: - photopeaks of y-transitions 2(XU: 295 2; 351 9 keV 2ltPb, 609.3, 1120.3; 1764 5 keV 2NBi and 2"Th: 238.5 keV 212Pb: 911.1; 968.9 keV "*Ac, 583.3; 2614.3 keV 2OSTI; are clearly observed; - weak photopeaks of ^transitions 768.4; 934.1, 1238.2; 2204.1 keV 2l4Bi; 338.8; 462.5 keV 22xAc; 1592.8; 2610 2 keV 2()>!TI and 726.2 keV 2I2M>; are observed; photopeaks with energy 1460.8 keV 40K are clearly selected, relative intensities of natural radionuclids are not changed. - rise of the background is possibly connected wiih accumulation of artificial radionuclides Contribution of 2l!il! family into gamma-spectrum of radioactive background is 33.8%, and contribution of 212Th and 40K are 3 I 6% and 34.6%, respectively. UZ0201909 RADIOACTIVITY OF MOLLUSKS IN THE ZARAVSHAN RIVER BASIN Akhmedova G., l/.zatnllaev Z., Boymurodov II.. Isakulov E. Samarkand State University, Samarkand, Uzbekistan Radioactive elements are able to get into human organism with food products, particularly with various organisms living in water, and become a source of internal irradiation. From the point of view of radioecology a study of radioactivity of mollusks depended on concentration of radionuclides in water and clay is of great interest. The mollusks are eaten by fishes and are got by human being in a great number In the present paper we continue to study the radioactivity of living organisms in water [I] Using semi- conductor y-spectrometer the concentrations of radium, thorium and potassium have been determined in water, clay and mollusks of the same water The samples were taken from reservoirs of the Zaravshan river basin From the results of measurements one can see the following: the highest concentration of natural radionuclides of 40K, 22uRa, 2'2Th occurs in clays. For investigated clays the concentration of potassium lies in the range of (287-529) Bq/kg. The content of 40K exceeds the content of "2Th by 8-15 times, and 22tlRa by o-20 times. The content of thorium in the analyzed waters is close to 4.8-5.6 Bq/kg The content of 22"Ra lies in the range of I 4-4.7 Bq/kg. A difference in the contents of radium may be explained by migration ability of uranium. The content of potassium in the investigated reservoirs is close to 36-38 Bq/kg 294 Section III. Activation Analysis. Radiochcmisiry. Production and Application of Isotopes. Nuclear Instrumentation and Nuclear Safety . . The radioactivities of the mollusks taken from three different reservoirs do not differ much and are in the ranges of (5.0-6 I) Bq/kg for Ra; (5.0-6.3) Bq/kg for Th, and (30-33) Bq/kg for K. It has been shown that accumuiation of radionuclides in mollusks is proportional to their contents in water 1. Akhmedova G , Omanov Sir, Izzatullaev Z., Boymerodov H The study of accumulation extent of natural radionuclides in living organisms for aqueous environment The second conference "Radioisotopes and their applications" book of abstracts Tashkent, 3-5 October, 2000. III III mil mi IT UZ0201910 DETERMINATION OF RADON CONTENT IN ATMOSPHERE BY y-SPECTROSCOPY METHOD Akhmedova G., Mamatov I., Khushmurodov Sh., Isakulov T. Samarkand Slate University, Samarkand, Uzbekistan Any inhabitant of the Earth is exposed to natural radiation. Level of Earth's radiation depends on radionuclide concentrations in the Earth's crust The most weighty of all natural sources of radiation is invisible not having taste a heavy gas (7.5 times as heavy as air) radon. The basic part of radiation dose from radon a man receives in closed buildings. In this paper investigations for determination of radon contents in atmosphere by a method of semiconductor gamma-spectroscopy have been presented. For detection of radioactive aerosols the method of air filtration through aerosol filter was used. The activity of the filter was measured by y-spectrometer with Ge(Li)-detector The radon concentration was determined by using the photomaxims of radon decay products of 2l4Pb (315.9 keV) and 2MBi (609.3 keV). Radon content was calculated under the assumption that equilibrium between radon and its decay products states. The studies show that radon content in air oL'different closed rooms is 0.12(1) Bq/1 that does not exceed a minimum permissible concentration for radon. UZ0201911 DETERMINATION OF ACCUMULATION DEGREE OF RADIONUCLIDES IN PLANTS Akhmcdova C, lsakulov E., kluijauova D. Samarkand Slate University, Uzbekistan Concentrations of natural and artificial radionuclides in environmental objects have been determined with using semiconductor y-spectrometry. The work presents determined concentrations of 21SU, 212Th, "6Ra, 40K, lt7Ce in soil and 5 different types of plants grown under identical soil-climate conditions 295 Section III. Activation Analysis. Radiochcnnstry. Production ;nul Application of Isotopes. Nuclear Instrumentation and Nuclear Safely ______. _ _ On the base ol'the obtained results degrees of radionuelide concentrations in plants were calculated. The measurements were carried on a y-spectromcter with Cie(Li) detector. The obtained results are presented in table. The five columns in the table refer to ratios of accumulation values of the following elements: Uranium (U). Radium (Ra). Tohrium j Ih), Potassium (K) and Cesium (Cs ) in plants to accumulation in soil As it is shown on the table, accumulation of artificial radionuclide C's-137 in plants is proportional to sizes of plant leaves Potassium and Radium are iccunutlated similarly to all other natural radionuclides N Names of Dp,,,,/ Tllplani/ K plaill/ '-Splanl' Sizes of plants U'soil Ra,,,, Tlu(,ii Ks0il CSsoil plant leaves, in relative units 1 J mi la 1 li:0 1 3 6.tO 3 0 5 + 0.1 S3 K)8 0 6310.1 1 1 maerophyela Gram be O.() M) I 5 OH) 4 0 S'0.1 7 ^(0.8 047*000 0 7 kntshvcina .1. Phioniis i 4LO I 2.5 '0 2 o 4-i0 1 S 3 'O.d 0 4010 ()8 ().() bucharica 4 Spinacia 0.4+0.1 - 0.4 1.0 I S 8*0.6 0 13*0 03 02 turcestanica 5. Mentha 2.2+0.2 2.VUJ2 ! 0 > (i 1 7 OH) S 0 32J0O6 0.5 asiatica UZ0201912 SPECIALI/KD ANALOG PROC KSSOk FOR HIE JNSIALLAIK)N NIR Kalinin Yu.C, Mart'yanov I.S., Sadykov l.Ku., Tasliiinov M.A., /asdo/.hnova N.N. Physics-Technical Institute h-U.S oj Republic of KtimkhstLin, Ahiuity, Kazakhstan This paper describes a multi-channel specialized analog processor oi' the installation NLiR for registration and data processing of the high energy shower at the altitude of 3340 m. We plan to use 24 readovit channels for the stimulating items \sith the plastic stintillators oi' the size 50 x 50 x 5 cm. In this paper we briefly describe ditization and readout system NUR, focusing on aspects of the analog electronics: the cuirent-seiiMtive preamplifier, chaige-to-time convener, precise wide range amplitude restricter, unit kn the compression of dynamic range etc. 2% Section II! Activation Analysis. Rndiocliciuisiry. Production and Application of Isotope: UZ0201913 ON A MECHANISM OF VISUAL SENSATION ORIGINATING AT A PASSAGE OF HEAVY CHARGED PARTICLES THROUGH AN EYE 'Lebedev V.M., 'Spassky A.V.,21 nikhanov K.A., fZak P.P., Vedorovuli I.B., academician 'Ostrovsky M.A.. 'Brimlikovn T.A. '•Skubel'lsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics (SIN I'), MSI I (Russia) -' SSC oj Rf' «/tistiiuti' of biomedical problems)) (IHMI'/, RAN (Russia) 5 Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics (IHi 'liPh), RAN (Russia) 4 Biophysics l-acu/iy of Biological Faculty. MSI I (Russia) Perception of light Hashes in conditions of dark adaptation is typical for a space flight and for high-altitude aircraft flights. Ground experiments, in which solitary accelerated heavy charged particles (HCP) with high density of ionization or their bunches applied to eyes of a volunteers, have led, as it is known, to the same results The origine of these perceptions can be caused not only by Cherenkov radiation, but also by direct effect of HCP just as on a visual pigment - rhodopsin in photoreceptors of a •etina. so on its nervous cells The mechanisms of this effect are important for space and clinical medicine (HCP of galactic radiation are danger at long-lived and long-distance space flights, and the HCP beams are used for therapy of a brain) and, besides, are responsible for essential interest as the fundamental phenomenon. In the present work the influence of dcuterons and alpha - particles with energy 7.5 MeV/nucleon and below on a rhodopsin and on isolated retina of grass frog (Rana Temporaria) was researched The ionizalion losses of dcuterons and alpha - particles of such energy are close to losses of relativistic nuclei with A 6-15. The accelerator being 120 cm cyclotron of SINP MSU, was used both in usual operational mode, and in a regime of single bunches (duration from 0.1 to 10 ms) The irradiated objects were disposed on air. The beam of particles was extracted from the accelerator through aluminium foil (thick is 50 microns). The monitoring of the beam was implemented on particles scattering by thin gold film on the angle about 30 . Absorption spectrum of each rhodopsin sample was measured before and after an irradiation Electrical activity of a retina (electroretinogram is FilG) under influence of HCP recorded directly during irradiation. It is shown for the first time that HCP with high density of ionization produce the same changes in rhodopsin moleculas, as well as at influence of light However irradiation produces irreversible damages of rhodopsin moleculas too. Also it is shown for the first time that the impulsive irradiation of the isolated retina by HCP pulses invokes the same electrical activity (ERG) as irradiation by light pulses The maximum answer is reached at 30-90 deuterons / photoreceptor per pulse, minimum - at unities of deuterons / photoreceptor per pulse. At the same time, at prolonged irradiation the irreversible fall of ERG amplitude is observed, that testifies to serious damage of photoreceptor and nervous cells of the retina. I. Trukhanov K.A., Brindikova T.A, Zak P.P. at.a! Affects of heavy charged particles on rhodopsin and isolated renita. Doklady biological science, V. 377, 2001, P. 133-135. 297 Section III. Activation Analysis. Radiochemistrv. Production and Application of Isotopes. I UZ0201914 Instrumentation and Nuc lc.tr Safely _ INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR INFORMATION SYSTEM AND NATIONAL CENTRE OF INIS IN UZBEKISTAN ASA USEFUL INSTRUMENT IN RESOLVING MODERN PROBLEMS OF NUCLEAR PHYSICS Kmlirova M., Siilimov M.I. Institute of Nuclear Physics, Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Tashkent, Uzbekistan To resolve modern problems of nuclear physics researchers are needed in receipt information in time about: what has been done in the area of specific resolved problem in other countries, what scientific approaches are exist, what aspects of the question are covered widely, which of them are in need of revision and what new results can be obtain by resolve a set of problems. One can make up a deep, wide and fast analysis of these questions by capable use of International Nuclear Information System (INIS). The following subjects are covered in the report what INIS is and it's short history; what INIS does; what subject scopes INIS includes, about INIS philosophy and members; how IN1S operates; about INIS output products and services through the IEAE Basic principles and development perspectives of INIS for 1999-2004 years and beyond which are reflected in the new mission for INIS are given INIS is the world's leading information system on the peaceful uses of nuclear energy. INIS provides a comprehensive information reference service for literature in nuclear science and technology published worldwide. INIS is operated by the IAEA in collaboration with its Member States INIS division in the Institute of Nuclear Physics is one of such national centre in Uzbekistan. Divisions of INIS in 1NP and Fundamental Library of Academy of Sciences (FLAS) provide such services for users in Uzbekistan The main tools for input and search information reference are programs WIN FIB RE and WINSP1RS, respectively. In the repoit the detail information of structure and function of these programs and survey of methods for searching of respective publications including non- conventional literature and possibility of there electronic or other version obtaining are given 298 0 MPNP'Ol ADVERTISING INSTITUTE OF NUCLEAR PHYSICS 702132, Ulugbek, Tashkent, UZBEKISTAN Tel: (998-712) 60-61-44, 60-62-15 Fax (998-712) 64-25-90 FBK-2 FBK-1 • HOSEHOLD COMBINATED FILTER FBK-1 The filter is intended for purification of drinking water from heavy metal ions (Zn, Cd, Sr, Cu, Hg, Pb, U, etc.). radionuclides, pesticides, phenols, dioxinc. The principle of the work is based on absorption of chemical contaminations by means three types of synthetic fibrous sorbents, catalyst and silver-containing unit. • MAIN SPECIFICATIONS • productivity, 1/h 20 • cleaning coefficient 10-1000 • resource of the sorbcnl unit, in 20 • dimensions, mm 150 x 190 • weight, kg 10 The filler FBK-l has been tested and approved hy the Ministry of Public Health of Uzbekistan and Russian Federation, has been tested in Germany, USA, Korea, India. INSTITUTE OF NUCLEAR PHYSICS 702132, Ulughek, Tashkent, UZBEKISTAN Tel: (998-712) 60-61-44, 60-62-15 Fax (998-712) 64-25-90 • DISINFECTANT DEVICE IVK-2B The device is intended for disinfection and killing algae in swimming pool water and fountains. The principle of the work is based on using water disinfecting electrochemical processes. It consists of disinfectant and electronic units. The electronic unit controls an operation of the device automatically. IVK-2B has been tested and approved by the Ministry of Public Health of Uzbekistan. The device can be provided with water filters. • MAIN SPECIFICATIONS • productivity, nvVh 1 -50 • bacteria killing time after water treatment, minute 60 • dimensions, mm height 230 diameter 110 length 170 • resource of the disinfectant unit, m3 2000-50000 • voltage, V 220 • power, W 50 • weight, kg 16 Devices IVK-2B are installed in many swimming pools and fountains of Tashkent. INSTITUTE OF NUCLEAR PHYSICS 702132, Ulugbek, Tashkent, UZBEKISTAN Tel: (998-712) 60-61-44, 60-62-15 . Fax (998-712) 64-25-90 • DISINFECTANT DEVICE FVK-2P The device is intended for disinfection drinking water from bacteria (V. Cholerae, B. Typhy, B. Dysenteriae, E. Coli, Salmonella, etc.) in schools, hospitals, hotels, home, in a bottle water production, meal production and etc. The principle of the work is based on using water disinfecting electrochemical processes. The water saves disinfectant not less than 1 year. The device consists of disinfectant and electronic units. The electronic unit controls an operation of the device automatically. IVK-2P has been tested and approved by the Ministry of Public Health of Uzbekistan. The device can be provided with filters for purification of drinking water from heavy metal ions (Zn, Cd, Sr, Cu, Hg, Pb, U, etc.), radionuclides, pesticides, phenols, dioxine, etc. • MAIN SPECIFICATIONS • productivity, m3/h • bacteria killing time after, water treatment, minute. 60 • resource of the disinfectant unit, m3 2O()()-5()(K)O • dimensions, mm height/, length 250/300 diameter 170 • voltage, V 220 • power, W 50 • weight, kg 15 INSTITUTE OF NUCLEAR PHYSICS 702132, Ulughek, Tashkent, UZBEKISTAN Tel: (998-712) 60-61-44, 60-62-15 Fax (998-712) 64-25-90 0 • MINI-SYSTEM FOR CLEANING OF DRINKING WATER FBK-22 Mini-system is intended for purification of drinking water from heavy metal ions (Zn, Cd, Sr, Cu, Hg, Pb, U, etc.), radionuclides, organic pesticides, phenols, dioxine, bacteria (B. Typhy, B. Dysenteriae. V. Cholerae, B. Coli, Salmonella, etc.) in schools, hospitals, hotels, etc. It consist of sorbents, catalyst, silver-containing unit, disinfectant unit. • MAIN SPECIFICATIONS • productivity, 1/h 50 • cleaning coefficient chemical contaminations 10-100 bacteria down to 1 Coli-indcx • resource of the sorbent unit, in3 100 • resource of the disinfectant unit, in3 100 • dimensions, mm , 330 x 200 x 200 • voltage, V 220 • power, W 20 • weight, kg 5 The unit of the mini-system has been tested and approved by the Ministries of Public Health of Uzbekistan and Russian Federation, has been tested in Germany, USL4, Korea, India. Mini-systems are used in different hotels of Tashkent, Daewoo Corporation and Embassies. INSTITUTE OF NUCLEAR PHYSICS 702132, Ulugbek, Tashkent, UZBEKISTAN Tel: (998-712) 60-61-44, 60-62-15 Fax (998-712) 64-25-90 <•>' • SYSTEM FOR PURIFICATION OF DRINKING WATER FBK-23 System is intended for purification of drinking water from heavy metal ions (Zn, Cd, Sr, Cu, Hg, Pb, U, etc.), radionuclides, pesticides, phenols, dioxinc, bacteria (B. Coli, B. Typhy, B. Dyscnteriae, V. Cholerae, Salmonella, etc.) in schools, hospitals, hotels, etc. It consist of sorbents, catalyst, silver-containing unit, disinfectant unit. • MAIN SPECIFICATIONS • productivity, 1/h 1000-5000 • cleaning coefficient chemical contaminations 90- 99,9% bacteria down to 3 Coli-index • resource of the sorbent unit, nv' 5000 • resource of the disinfectant unit, m3 500W-50000 • dimensions, mm 800 x 600 x 400 • voltage, V 220 • power, W 50 The unit of the mini-system has been tested and approved by the Ministry of Public Health of Uzbekistan and Russian Federation, has been tested in Germany, USL4, Korea, India. Mini-system are used in different enterprises, hospitals, in one of the villages of Samarkand region with the population 10000. INSTITUTE OF NUCLEAR PHYSICS 702 J32, Ulugbek, Tashkent; UZBEKISTAN Tel: (998-7J2) 60-6J-44, 60-62-J5 Fax (998-7J2) 64-25-90 • PORTATIVE DISINFECTANT DEVICE IVK-1 The device is intended for disinfection of drinking water from bacteria (V. Cholerae, B. Typhy, B. Dysenteriae, E. Coli, Salmonella, etc.). The principle of the work is based on using water disinfecting electrochemical processes. The device has the size about a usual pen. IVK-1 has been tested and approved by the Ministry of Public Health of Uzbekistan. The device has been tested and approved by the Ministry of Defence of Uzbekistan by dose 1 billion F-Coli. Bacteria killing time after water treatment during 60 seconds is 30-60 minutes. • MAIN SPECIFICATIONS treatment time of 1 litre water, s 60 bacteria killing time after water treatment. 60 Length, diameter, mm 120/ 15 voltage, V 6 weight, gramme 180 INSTITUTE OF NUCLEAR PHYSICS 702132, Ulugbek, Tashkent, UZBEKISTAN Tel: (998-712) 60-61-44, 60-62-15 Fax (998-712) 64-25-90 • MINI-SYSTEM FOR DESALINATION OF DRINKING WATER FBK-31, FBK-32 Mini-system is intended for disalination and purification of drinking water from solts, heavy metal ions (Zn, Cd, Sr, Cu, Hg, Pb, U, etc.), radionuclides (Co-60, Sr-90, Cs-134, 137, etc.), organic pesticides, phenols, dioxine, bacteria (B. Typhy, B. Dysenteriae, B. Coli, Salmonella, etc.). Mini-system are produced in 2 modifications: FBK-31 (works on electricity) and FBK-32 (works on natural gas). MAIN SPECIFICATIONS • productivity, 1/h 3 • cleaning coefficient chemical contaminations. 500-10000 bacteria down to 3 Coli-index • dimensions, mm 620 x 265 x 235 • voltage, V 220 • power, W 18 • natural gas consumption, m/1 . . 0.15 • weight, kg 10 RADIOPREPARAT ENTERPRISE 6 OF THE INSTITUTE OF NUCLEAR PHYSICS 702J32, Uhtghek, Tashkent, UZBEKISTAN INTERNATIONAL Tel: (99X- 712) 60-64-63 l-'ax <9<)S- ? 12) 64- 'HI-62 GOLD STAR IMMUNOENZYMET1C KITS OF REAGENTS FOR DIAGNOSTICS OF HUMAN DISEASES HBsAg-ELISA • stripped plate with immobilized monoclonal antibodies to HBsAg, 96 wells; • HBsAg positive control serum, • HBsAg negative control serum, • 10-fold concentrate of conjugate: KK monoclonal antibodies to HBsAg labelled with peroxidaze of horse redish; • solution for conjugate dilution, PPK; • 8-fold concentrate of chromogen: TMB-I tetramethylbenzidine; • substrate-saline buffer, TMB-2; • 20-fold concentrate of the wash buffer: KBF1, • stop reagent: CP acid-saline buffer; • 15 ml tube for conjugate dilution: "Kontior;u"; • 15 ml tube for preparing of chromogen solution: "TMB"; • adhisive tape for plate sealing; • filter paper; . • the container for light sensitive reagents, • the instructions. HBsAg-ELISA for Hepatitis B surface antigen detection is the test-system of the 3-rd generation on the base of monoclonal antibodies Principle of the method is based on the simultaneous interaction of HBsAg from the tested sample with antibodies immobilized to the wells of polystyrene plate and with the immuno-enzymetic conjugate specific to the human antibodies. HBsAg (Hepatitis B Surface Antigen) is a structural component of hepatitis B virus external protein envelope. This makes it the best indicator of infection caused by hepatitis B virus though the antigen itself is not infectious. HBsAg-ELISA kit is designated for qualitative or semiquantitative determination of HBsAg in human blood serum or plasma. It may be used to facilitate differential diagnosis of viral hepatitis, to evaluate the prognosis of infected patients, to reveal HBsAg cronic carriers, to perform blood control Sample: 0.05 ml, serum or plasma; Sensitivity: 0.5 ng/ml; Specificity. not less than 95%; Duration of analysis: 2 hours, 42 °C; Detection at 450 nm; Expiry: 6 months at 2-8c C. RADIOPREPARAT ENTP.RPRISP. OF THE INSTITUTE OF NUCL.I-AR PHYSICS 702/32, l!!in;hek, Tashkent, ! 'Z/iEKISTAN INTERNATIONAL : Tel: l99S-7i:i hil-(,4-r,i /•,»• IMMUNOENZYMETir KITS OF REAGENTS FOR DIAGNOSTIC S OF HUMAN DISEASES RccoiiibinsiHt-anti-MCV-strip • snipped plate with immobilized recombinant antigens of the hepatitis C virus, ()6 wells; • anti-HCV positive control serum K(^) • anti-HCV negative control serum (K-); • 30-fold concentrate of conjugate KK. monoclonal antibodies against the human iminunoglobulines labelled with peroxida/e of horse redish; • solution for conjugate dilution, PK. • 8-fold concentrate of ehromogen TMB-! .tctranicthylben/.idine; • substrate-saline buffer, TMB-2; • 20-fold concentrate oi'tiie wash buffer Klil I , • stop reagent CP acid-saline buffer, • 15 ml tube for conjugate dilution: "Koui.ioiai"; • 15 ml tube- for preparing of chromogen solution " i Mf>", • adhisive tape tor plate sealing, • filter paper, • the container for light sensitive reagents; • the instructions. The immuno-enzymetic test system of the 3-rd generation intended for specific diagnostics of the viraihepaiitis C. Principle of the method is based on the two stage interaction of the test- system components; I* antibodies to the hepatitis C virus from the tested sample with the hepatitis C virus structural and unstructural recombinant antigenes immobilized in the weils of polysterene plate; 2) and interaction of the immuno-enzymetic conjugate specific to the human antibodies with the antibodies from the sample The test-system «Recoinbinant-anti-HCV-strip» is designated for qualitative determination of antibodies to hepatitis C virus in human blood serum or plasma. It may be used to facilitate differential diagnosis of viral hepatitis C, to perform blood control Sample; 0.02 ml, serum or plasma; Sensitivity not less than 80% being compared with the reference test-system «Ortho» company (USA); Specificity. not less than 95°-n being compareg with the reference test-system «Ortho>> company (USA); Duration of analysis; 2 hours, 42 (', Detection: at 450 nm; Expiry. 6 months at 2-H°C. RADIOPREPARAT RNTRIIPRISH 6 OF THE INSTI run; oi; NUCU-AR PHYSICS T INTtRNATIONAL 702132, IHiijfhck. Tashkent, Ir/Jil-XISTAN GOLD STAR Tel: (WS-712) 60-(>4-6.< l-m (WS-7IJ) 6-l-'M)-62 THE LIST OF THE RADIOISOTOPE PRODUCTS FOR GENERAL PURPOSES /P-32/ Orlhophosphoric Acid Ammonium /S-35/Sulphale or carrier free, in 0.04 M MCI, specific /S-35/Sulphuric Acid radioactivity - 8500-9000 Ci/minol, volume in water solution, radioactive concentration - radioactivity - 100-2000 mCi/ml, 100-1000 mCi/ml, specific radioactivity - 1200- radiochemical purity - more than 9'}% as 1600 Ci/mmol, radiochemical purity * more than Orthophosphate, radionuciidic purity - more 99% as Sulphate, radionuclidic purity - more than than 99%, biological activity • not less than >5% in 10 minutes enzymatic conversion from ADP to gamma-/P-32/ATP Sodium/!-13 i/lodidc labelling solution, in 0 02-0 5 M NaOH. /P-33/ Oiihophosplmric Acid reductant free, pH 8-11, radioactive concentration carrier free, in 0.04 M HCl or in water - 100-200 mCi/ml, specific radioactivity - not solution, specific radioactivity - 4500-5000 less than 600 Ci/mmol. radiochemical purity - Ci/minol, volume radioactivity - 500-2000 more than 95%, radionuclidic purity - more than n»Ci/ml, radiochemical purity - more than 90,99%. 99% as Orthophosphate, radionuciidic purity - more than 99% (P-32 less than 0 5%), /Co-57/Cobnit Chloride biological activity - not less than 95% in 10 canier free, m 0.1 M HCl, specific radioactivity - minutes enzymatic- conversion from ADP to 7500 Ci/g, radionuclidic purity - not less than gamma-/P-33/ATP. 99,85%, chemical purity (admixture of Fe, Ni, Cu) - less than 0.02 mg/Ci. Sodium /l-125/lodide labeling solution, . in 0.02-0.5 M NaOH, /Co-58/Cobait Chloride reductant free, pH 8-11, radioactive carrier itac, in 0 I M HCl, specific radioactivity - concentration - 300 - 800 mCi/ml, specific 6000 Ci/g, radionuclidic purity - not less than radioactivity - 13.0 17.4 mCi/mkg I. 99,8%, chemical purity (admixture of Nickel-58)- radiochemical purity more than 98%, less than 0.02 mg/Ci, Cobalt-60 - less than 2%. radionuciidic purity - more than 99,99% (''''I less than 0.005%), other gamma impurities - ICA-109/Cadiniiiin Chloride less than 0.005%, iodination efficiency - not in 0.1 M HCl, specific radioactivity - 250-300 less than 85% incorporation into ACTM by mCi/mg, radionuclidic purity - not less than means of Chloramine T reaction 99,99%, chemical purity (admixture of Ag, Cu, Fe and Zn) - less than 0.2 mg/Ci. /Fe-55/lron Chloride in 0.5 M HCl, radioactive concentration - /Pd- 103/i'alladium Chloride 200-500 mCi/ml, specific radioactivity - not in 0.1 M HCl, specific radioactivity - 150 less than 20 Ci/g, radiochemical purity - more mCi/mg, radionuclide admixture of "OmAg and than 99%, radionuclidic purity - more than other gamma-emitters - not more than I0"4 %, 99% chemical purity (admixture of Rh) - less than 0 5 mg/Ci. RADIOPREPARAT ENTERPRISE-: 0 OF THE INSTITUTE OF NUCLEAR PHYSICS T 702J32, Ulugbek, Tashkent, UZBEKISTAN INTERNATIONAL Tel: IV9X-712) (>()-(,}•(>< luix ,"/">*-7/J1) (,4-'/0-(,: GOLD STAR "Radiopreparat" Enterprise is manufacturing labeled compounds and articles for medical and scientific use and exporting these products to CIS, Europe, USA. The list of products includes of more than 60 items. Technologies of production are unique and patented. The quality of the products corresponds to the world demands. Radiapharinaccutical preparations and articles for medicine HaJioimmunoassay kits are of high sensitivity For differential diagnostics of virus IRMA-HBsAg-l-125 hepatitises. RIA-anti-HBs-l-125 RIA-anti-HBc-l-125 RIA-anti-delta-1-125 Kits of reagents for Technetium-99m Technephite, Tc-99m; generators are of use in express diagnostics Technephore, Tc-99; of the liver kidneys, bone and hepatobiliary Me/ida, Tc-99m, svstem Butylida, Tc-99m, Technemek, Tc-99ni Testing of kidney function, therapy of Sodium [I-1311 - o-lodohippurate; blood diseases, the diagnostics of cancer Albumin, Iodine-13 i; diseases. Macroagregates of Albumin, Iodine-131: Sodium iodide, Iodine-131, capsulated: Bengalian rose. Iodine-131. The ray therapy of malignant tumors the Sodium Phosphate, P-32; diagnostics of liver diseases. Comizole. Au-198. Compounds labelled with radioactive isotopes for biotechnotoux Compounds are of high chemical purity Orthophosphoric (P-32 and P-33) acids and specific radioactivity. They are carrier free; irreplaceable for the nucleic acids Components of nucleic acids, labeled with P- sequencing, in studying of genetic 32 and P-33 at a I fa- and gamma position; materials and for other fundamental and Methionine (L-S-35) of high specific applied investigations. radioactivity. Radionuclide generators Simplicity of operation, duration of use, Technetium-99m generator high radicchemical and chemical purities of the radinuclide Preparations for general purposes High specific and bulk volume radio- Sodium iodide, Iodine-125, carrier free; activity, radionuclide purity, as the isotopes Sodium iodide, Iodine-13 I, carrier free. to label the compounds for medical and biological investigations. TEZLATGICH SCIENTIFIC Tl-Cl IN0L0G1CAL ENTERPRISE OF THE INSTITUTE OF NUCLEAR PHYSICS "02132, I.'fnx/u/c, Tashkent, I 'ZHI1KISTAN Tel: (WS-712) 64-S4-34 (62-62-?.2) I'ux (VVS-7/2) 64-S4-30 CO BALT-57 radionmliile, carrier free (Mali-life-271.7 days) Having two powerful cyclotrons with proton beams -I mA and -0.5 mA respectively, regional producer of cyclotron isotopes, scientific technological enterprise TEZLATGiCH, has been carrying out production of Or radionuclide in industrial volume for last 15 years. We are ready to ship out about 50 Ci of isotopes a year. The using of enriched raw materials and the original extraction of Co from cyclotron targets allow us to receive the final product with high ladionuelide purity - 0.07 - 0.1% relatively to the content of such byproduct isotopes as CoM), CVS and Co1'0. We are able to warrant the follo.wing parameters certified by leading pharmaceutical companies: • Co57 as Co(I I) in 0.1 M (or 0.5M) I Id with specific activity - 7 000 - 7 500 mCi/mg • Radionuclide purity - 0.07 - 0.1% • Chemical purity (as content of Fe, Cu, Ni) - 0.02 mg/Ci • Package (for I Ci) 300x300x300 mm, package weight -> 6 kg The cargo can be delivered in ordered time by LUFTHANSA, aircompany to any place in the world. We would like to remind that the gamma sources made from Co'" produced on cyclotron are widely utilized in nuclear medicine, defectoscopy of materials, geology, in the prospecting work and as a part of control systems of various technologies. The unique ability of Co 7 to form stable resonance on F-V7 lets it to be used for Messbauer sources utilized in the chemical analysis, in the analysis of magnetic properties of various materials, in the researches of corrosion, catalysis and diffusion. We hope that high quality and attractive price of our product will be interesting. Don't hesitate to contact us. We are always ready to meet the requirements of our clients. TEZLATGICH SCIENTIFIC TECHNOLOGICAL i:N II RPRIS1 • or TIIK INSTITUTE or NUCLEAR PHYSICS '02132. llii^hck. Tashkent, I /.hl'.KlSlAN Id: WJS-712) M-X4-34 '.(*:-(>:-2 l-'a PALLADIUM -103 (half-liie 17 clays) Regional producer of cyclotron isotopes, scientific technological enterprize TEZLATGICH with 15 years experience of isotope production in industrial voluiiie offers high quality Pdl(M radionticlidc. The using of enriched materials and original extraction of the isotope from cyclotron targets let us to receive the isotope with following parameters that were measured by precise specliometric and spectrophotonietric methods: • Pd103 as Pd(II) in 1,0M (or 0.5M) MCI • Specific.activity - 2400 mGi/mg • Radionuclide purity < 10"' % • Chemical purity (as content of Rh) - 0.5rg/mCi • Package (for 1 Ci) 300x300.\30()mm, package weight - 6 kg. The cargo can be delivered in ordered time by LUFTHANSA aircompany to any place in the world. We hope that quality and attractive price of our product vvili be interesting. Don't hesitate to contact us. INSTITUTE OF NUCLEAR PHYSICS 702132, Uhiyhefi, Tashkent, U'/Jih'.KISTAN Tel: (MX-?12) 6-1-15-52 lux (WS-~12j 6-1-25-90 SEALED SOURCES WITH CADM1VM-109 RADIONVCLIOE The radiation sources are applied for the isotopic x-ray fluorescence methods of analysis, monitoring and control of the technological processes of ore mining and processing industry and in other fields. Nuclide Active diameter, ^ Overall diameter, Nominal activity miii mm (content) -t- 10 I 370 Cadmium-109 •'-0 20 740 30 1110 50 1850 j j I Cadmium-109 radionuclide electrodeposited on a metal backing, is sealed in a welded metal capsule. Activity tolerance ±10%. Recommended working life 3 years. Note: If it is desirable, the sources can be made with other specifications. INSTITUTE OF NUCLEAR PHYSICS 702132. llhiahek, Tashkent, UZHEKISTAN Tel: (99S-7I2) 64-15-52 h'ax (WS-712) 64-25-90 SEALED SOURCES WITH COBALT-57 RADJONVCLIDE The radiation sources are applied for the isotopic x-ray fluorescence methods of analysis, monitoring and control of the technological processes of ore mining and processing industry and in other fields. Nuclide Active diameter, Overall diameter, Nominal activity mm mm (content) mCi _MBq _ r 10 370 Cobatt-57 5-D .12 20 740 30 1110 50 1850 Cobalt - 57 radionuclide electrodeposited on a metal backing, is sealed in a welded metal capsule. Activity tolerance ± 10%. Recommended working life 3 years. Note: If it is desirable, the sources can be made with other specifications. 0 MPNP'Ol AUTHOR INDEX Author Imlcs Al'TIIORINDKX NAME PAGE N AMI- PAGE Abdukadyrova I. Kb 14-4.145 Ayik S 61 Abdukayumov M.N. 20.1.204 .•\/imo\ K SI). 95.96 Abduralunanova U.K. 231 Babaev B N. 231,238 Abdurakhimov A.U. 41 BabacvM.K. 42,43 Adam J. 86 Babaev N.B. 238 Adamian G.G 62 Babrtov T.A. 254 AdischevY.N. 64,107 Babenkov Ml. 143 Afanasiev S.V 36 Baigubckov AS. 42,43 Agucr P. 205 Bakie\' S A 201,277 Aitbaev B.U. 140,179 Baktibacv K.O. 175 Aitkho/hin E.S. 139 Baklybaev K 71,72,150 Akbarov Z.S. 2S5 Baktybaev M.K. 97,112,240 Akchurina D 59 Balagurov A M. 193 Akgiin A Fndil 210 Baratov A. A. 158 AkhmedovB.J. 31 Barbcret iJh 205 Akhmedova G. 294,295 Basybckov KB 74,97,112 Akhmedova M. 2S5 Batdcmboiel Ci 193 Akimov V.A. 233,289 Ba/ylcv S.N. 36 AksenovV.l. 33 BedilovM.R. 151,153,154 AksenovaT.I. 146 Bedilov KM 155 Aksinenko V.D. 36 Bcgmatov K.A. 156,179,180 Akyuz S. 206,208,209 Bckeshev A.Z. 142 Akyuz T. 206,208,209 Belikov Yu.A. 36 Al Batiha Avad Salim al Sale!) 252 Belov A.G. 269 Aliev F.K. 64,65,67 Beiov MA. 44.47,49,50,104 Alimov G R. 65,67 Bclozcrov A.V. 75 Alimov R. 147 Berdauletov A.K. 146 Allaniyazov N.M 231,232 Berdiev U. 157 AltaevaB.M. 290 Berdivrov G. 151,153 Aminova R.H. 285 Berezovsky l.L. 213 Amonov M.Z 148 Berlizov AN. 213,215,216 An A.P. 24.1 Bcrtman E.3. 227 Ananchenkov V.I 235,246 Beysembaeva M.B. 155 Anikina M.Kh 36 Bizhigitov T.B. 192 Anisimov Yu.S. 36 Biechman A.M. 36,97,112 Antonova V.P. 42 Blokhintsev L.D. 72 Aranovich V.L. 249 Bondarev V.K. 36 Arifov P.U. 236,264,285 Boos E.G. 97 Aripov G.A. 237,263 Borodin S.V. 36 Aitemov S.V. 33,69,74,104,112 EJoymurodov H. 294 Arzuinanov A A. 227 Elrindikova T.A. 297 Asatov U. 64,67 Britavskaya E.P. 132 Asiiurov M.Kh. 128,148,159,161,189 BukcnovK.D. 146 Atabaev Sh. 149,150 Bulkin VS. 213 Atanasov I. 36 Burgin H.Okyar 212 Avezov AD. 189,203 Burkova N. 115 Avramenko S A. 36 Burminskij V.P. 108,240 317 Author Index NAME PAGF !SAME PAGE Burtebaev N 74,108,1 10,1 12, icmin AM 242,274 122,240.247 irgasliova M J. 243 Rurtcbaeva D.T. 240 irickson AS. 229 Bistanov Kh.T. 52 -Irmakov F..L 135,139 Caloun P. 86 frmamatov \1 J 78 ChakrovP V 161 •.saniazov SIvP. 47 Chaudhri M.Anwar 211 •A'lanov M.V. .>6 Chaudhri M.Nasir 211 a/vlt)v Ml. 46 Chekin A.V. 251,287 :azy!ova Z.F. 47 Cheluokov M.L. 75 :cilorc»vich I.B. 297 Chepigin V.I. 75 •"fdyanin S.N 244 C'herkasov AS 218,221 -ii VI. 242 ("histyako • P G 203,204 ;ilivsotbv D.V. 288 C'horiev B • 76 •isor M. 86 Chuhcnko A.P. 42 oniichova LN. 224 Chudakov V.M 7" uiess 11 193 Chuli m D 193 Cialaiov A. A. 50,78,80,173 Chuinakov E.V. 138 (.iai'urova R N. 231,238 Dalnno D.N. 231 Ciaidar A V 2 i 3 Dalimo* 0 N. 238 CJ< Ipeiin A (J 36 Danilcva HA .'25,226 Ciiiniev A 293 Darvisliivhodjaev Kh. o7,120,239,247 Ciaiayshina (i R. 204 Davlatov V T 191 fiasanov li M 128,147,159,161,177,189 Davletov ! Ju. 154 Lieor jfv G 36 Davletov I.Yu. 155 Gem tnskiy V.V. 175 Davydovskaya O.I. 33 CJiardina Ci 62 Dimitrov L. 36 Cii" asova M.M 290 DjalilovS.T. •203 Cila/kov VV. 193 Djuraev Sh.Kh. 44,49,56 Gokalp A. 35,61 Djuraev Z.Y. 23 S Golokhvastov A.I. 36 Djuraev a G.T 258,285 Golubeva AS 224,275 Dmitriev S.N. •269,288 Cioriuiisskaya N M. 227 Dmhriev V.F. 124 Ciorshkiv V A. 75 Dobryakov S.N. 157 Cirinyuk BE. 1 10 Dorofeev A A. 239 Gnidzevich O.T. 123 Dotsenko IS. 110 jiutsinov V A. 245 Dougan AD 230 Giilainov l.R 256 Diyn E A. 42 Gulamov KG. 41 Dutta R.K 205 Gulamova R.R. 147 Duysebaev A 36,97,106,122 GuloiiOv S.S. 285 Duysebaev B.A. 97,112 Gin vich L.G. 235,246,288 Dzhazairov- Gusev M.N. 135 Kakhranianov V. 108,240 laasB 35 D/humanov S 142,158 latamov SO. 185,187 Rbiagemov A.B. 228 HolVniarui IXH.H. 151 Hgainccliev S Kh. 241 braeva E.T. 1 16 Ligorov 0 K 84,86 ibragimov B. 250 ti-MetabtebU ME 228 bragimova E.A 254 l.m V.T. 193 Ibragimova E.M. 78,127,164., 165, EnZ 227,289 166,167,173 318 Author Index NAME PAGE fN'AMH PAGE Ibrahim Y.S. 84,86 Karimov M 156,169 hjamov SB 81 Karimov Yu N 203, 251.279,287 Ikramov A K 65 Kartashov V M 9! Il'insky A.V. 172 Kartashov Y.V. 227 lleusuzova R B 247 Kasinijanov MA. 169 Imamov E.Z 236,264,285 Kavumov M A 1 12 Inoyatov A.Kh. 120,184,239,247 Ka/.antsi'va T (j 92 Inozemlsev SB 244 245 249 273 277 Kcnjaev I) 262 hgazicv B l;. 82,83 KliabibullaevP.K. 169 isacv 1: .1. 243 Khaidarov T.Kh. 162,163,164,166,167 Isakulov E 1 14,294,295 Khakbcidiev 1 64,65,67 Isakulov T. 295 Khakimov Z M 129.132 Islamov T.A. 84.86 Khalikov U.A. 5! lsma!!ov KM. 36,97 Khalniuratov M. 151 Ismailova T. 1 14 Khamidov BO. 252 Isniatov Ye.l. 44,40,47,49 Khaniidov f) Kh 270 fsmoilov Sh.Kh. 128,159,161 Khamraeva R.N. 162,163,164,166,167 'supov A Yu 36 Khainrayeva D.S 253 Ivanov I.Ts. 36 Khataniov K 159 Iz/itullaev Z 294 Khaianiov Sh 250,253 Jalalova S 260 Khayclarov R 151,153 Jalelov MA 169,180,18! Khavdaro\ R R. 94 Janaberuenov J 140.141 Kha/rato\ T 6W>7 Joldasova S.M. 46 Khidirov 1 171,175 Jovliev U.Yu. 62 is.hodicv Yu 255,256 Jumamuratov A. 250,253 Khodjaev L Sh 50 Juraev Sh 188 K'nohryakov VI. 198 Jushkov A.V. 42 Khojiahniedov G. 254 Kabachenko A. P. .75 Kholbaev 1. 239.247 Kabulov A.B. 84 Khorozov S.A. 36 Kachan AS. 87 Khrcuov AN. 36 K 'iirov F. 284 Khroinushin IV. 146 Kadirova DM. 231,238 Khudavbergcriov U. 231,232,255,256 Kadirova M. 298 Kh'idoyberdiov A 184,239,247 Kadyrov KG 161 Khugacv A.V. 80 Kadyrov V.N. 250,260 Kluijaev S. 241,257,268,272 Kadyrzhanov K.K. 122,240,260 Khujanova D 295 Kalandarov Sh. 82 Khusainov UK 36 Kalanov M.U. 162,163,164,165, Khushinurodov Sh. 295 166,167 Khvan A.B. 265 Kalinin Yu.G. 29b kirn A A. 258,285 Kalinnikov V.G. 84,86 Kim G. 33, 94 Kambarova NT 84,86 Kim G.N. 259 Kanashcvich V.I. 42 Kim Gen Chan 189 Kanokov Z. 62 KimS.N. 137 Kantsel A.V. 249,277 Kirilov AD. 36 Kaplin V V 197 Kirk MA 165 Karaliodjaev A.K. 89,1 18 Kist A A 78,173,201,225,226, Karakhodzaev A. A. 1 12 284 Karimkulov D 255,292,2.93 Kiv A.E. 13 1,132 319 Author Index NAME PAGE NAME PAGE KlamraW 173 Lipin V.D 40,41,44,58 Knyazev A.M. 227 Lisycin V.N. 137 Kobiik Yu.N. 50,78 80,92,102,104 Litvinenko A.G. 36 Kochetkov V A. 250.260 Liventsova AS. 117 Kochkarov R H 169 Lotov G 97 Kodirova N. 188 Lugovoi V.V. 44 Kolesnik V.G 265 Lukashov KM. 43 Kolesnikov V.I. 36 Lukstins J. 36 Kolesnikov V.V. 84 Lutpullaev S.L 40,41,44,58 Komissarova B A. 224,275 I.ypska A.I. 213,215 Kondratiev V.P. 36 Lyuboshitz L.V. 36 Korda V Yu 87 M -Austin Sam 124 Korjovov M.J. 76 Magrupov R.D. 95,96 Korotkov f.P. 75 Makhkamov Sh. 129 Koz'rnenko A.V. 203,251,287 Makhmudov MA 141 Kozhakhmetov S.K. 260 Maksimkin OP. 134,135,161 Kozlenko DP. 193 Mal'tsev A.A. 205 Kracil. B. 86 Malakhov A.I. 36 Kiaitehinskii A.M. 129 MalyshevO.N. 75 Kiasnov L.V. 36 Mamatkazina A Kh 257 Kucer Kermin 209 Miimatkulov O B. 266 Kucer llahmi 209 Mamatov I. 295 Kuchersky N.I. 202,249 Mansurov Z.A. • 280 Kulabdullaev G.A. 95,96 Mansurova R.M. 280 Kulmatov R A. 262 Manx akov P.K. 36 Kumakhov MA. 65 Markclova E.A. 268,272 Kunashenko Yu.P. 60,197 Mart'vanov IS. 296 Kunishev U. 151,153 MaslovOD 269 Kurbanov A 0. 181 • Maslova M.V. 205 Kurbanov B.I. 237,263 Matrasulov D.U. 52,54 Kurbanov S.S 169 Matusevich E S 269 Kurban w U 158 Matyushevsky E.A. 36 Kurmantaev A. 158 Matyushin V.T. 36 Kurmasheva J 72 Maximo /a T.I. 131 Kuierbekov K.A 97,106,107 Mazurkevich A P. 249,277 Kutlimratov A. 191 Medvedeva Z V 146 Kutlumuradov O.B. 264 Michelet C. 205 Kuzhevskiy B.M. 122 Migulina 1.1. 36 Kuznetsov S.I. 197 Mikhailov L. 172 Labov S 230 Mirakhmedov A.K. 270 Lambeno A 62 Mirakinnedov Sh.A. 95,96 Latyshev V.E. 265,284 Mirakhmedova N.M. 233 Lebedev AN 288 Mirkhamidova P. 270 Lebedev 1 A. 97 Mirsagatov Sh.A. 140,141,179 Lebedev N.A. 84,86 Mirsagatova A.A. 271 l.ebedev V.M. 297 Mirtazaev O.M. 285 Lebedeva A.A. 97,99 Mirzaeva M. 292,293 Leegy L.G 138 Mirzaeva N.A 272 Lennik S.G. 115,1 17 Miizamukhamedov B. 236 l.evderman A Yu 191 Moretto Ph. 205 320 Author Index NAMK PAGE NAME PAGE Mukashev K.M 42 Oliva G 62 Mukhamhetzhanova AM 97,107 Omanov Sh. 114, 294 Mukhamedjanov N.Z. 236,264 Omanova H. 294 Mukhamedov A.K 239,247,266 Onaikulov KE. 183 Mukhamedshina N.M. 173,191,271 Osinskaya N.C. 250 Mukhammadiev A 95,96 Ostrovsky M.A. 297 Mukhammadova D. 294 Paiziev A A 179 Mukhammedov S 273 Paivanov S.R. 1 18,1 19,120,184 Mukhlarova N.N. 171,175 Parchinskiy P.B. 138 *Mkiminov A.I. 62 Parfenov AN 36 Muminov AT 65 Parkhomenko O.I 55 Muminov IT 239,247 Parycv E Ya 61 Muminov Ml 178,190 Pavliy K V 62 Mum.nov T.M. 65,84 Ponev V.N. 36 Muranov V.G. 273 Petrenko V D. 203,251,279,287 Muravytsky A V. 289 Pikul V P 50,92,102 Muslimov HA, 149 Pivovarov S. 291 Mussaeva M.A. 176 Pivovarov Yu.L. 60 Mussayev B. 1 14 PlalonovSI.. 193 Mustafm N.R. 275 Pkijko V.A. 103 Muzzafarov A. 284 Podko\yrin A.I. 203,251,287 Nalbandyan A. A. 254 Polyak O.Yu. 177 Nasirov A. A. 138 Popeko A.G. 75 Nasirov A.K. 62 Polapov B A 277 Nasriddinov K R. 51 Potylitsyn A.P. 64 Naumov IV. 193 Pronin N.I. 242 Nazirova E.R. 254 Pulaiov D.D. 246,250,253 NebcsniyA.F. 177 Radyuk G A 50,! 04,1 12 Nekrasov DM 178 Radyuk R.I. 250,260,287 Neruschenko E.V. 274 Rahimov N.R. 185,187 NieG.K. 74,101 Rajabov O. 1 18,119,120,184 Ni;iibrov AS 36 Rakhimov Kh, 292,293" Nikitin S M. 223,224,275 Rakhimov Kh.Yu. 52,54 Nornuikhamedova N.F. 285 Kakhimov R. 169 Normwadov B 262 Rakhmanov A 259 Novgorodov A.F. 86,269,288 Rakhmanov A.B 177 Novikov V.V. 242 Rakhmanov J 232,277 Nurbaeva D. 259 Rakhmanova T. 250 Nurgozhin N.N. 36 Rakhmatov N.I. 235 Nuritdinov 1 176 Rakov A.F. 148,161 Nuritdinov Kh 39 Raniankulov K. 72 Nurku/.iev G.N. 140,162,179 Rashidova D Sh. 239,247,266 Nurmatov Q.S. 236,264,285 Rassadov D.N. 269 Odilova N.J. 156,180,181 Rasulov R.T. {83 Oganessian Yu.Ts 269 Rasulov S K. 279 Ogorodnik A.F 213,215 Razbuday V.F. 289 Oklirimenko O.V 36 Razin S.V. 107 Oksengendler B.L. 181 Razzaqova N 95,96 Olimov K. 40,41,44,58 Remeev A Sh. 203,251,279,287 OliinovKh K 40,41,44,58 Reznikov S G. 36 321 Author inde\ NAME PAGE NAMK PACiE Ri/.ac\a Sli. 292,29.1 Selector .1 86 ROMCV R.A 269 Shaniansurova Z.M. 285 Rue hi n A 291 Shamir/.nev S.H. 179 Rudnev S.V. 274 Shamuratov Sh. 149 Rukovatkin PA. 36 Shapirov El. 157 Rusanov 1. 36 Sharipov 11. L. 56.188 Ruskin V.I. 99 Sharipov Sh 78 Riistamov 1 R 128,159.161 Sharipov Sh.M. 195 Rustainova V.M. 163.167 Shai'ipova S A. 59 R.uz.ib lev A K. 54 Sharkov B. 151 Ryabikin Yu.A. 280 Shcrmukhamedov AT. 285 Ryabov Yu.V. 2S1 Shikanov A.E. 172 Rvasny G K 224,275 Shilin !•; 203 Rvlov A. A. 255,256 Shipilov N.N. 203,251,279,287 Ryzhikov V.D. 78,173 Shpinkova L.G. 223,224,275 Ryzhykh V Yu. 143 Sluikov N 36 Seatov T.S. 243 Siumkccv K Sh. 142 Sabelnikov A.V. 269 Silaev V.I. 84 Sabirov S.S. 181 SilkinA.A. 273 Sabitov M.S. 154,1 55 Simenoy 1 V. 110 Sadaev B. 188 Skhiovskava A.!. 36 Sadikov I.I. ?82 Skripnik l'i.A. 04 Sadykov B M. 97,106,107 Skvoiiso\- V V. fc5 Sadykov T.Kh. 42,43,97 Slusarenki) L.I. 97,107 Sadykov T-Ku. 296 SPMIDOV V A 36 Safaiov AN. 64,65,67,128,159,239, Siulitiov M. 1 14 1 247,266 Sokolov A.M. 36 Safarova S A. .236,285 Solnishkin A. A 84,86 Sagaidak R.N. 75 • Solovicv V.N. 13 1 Sagimbaeva Sh.Zh. 142 Somenkov V.A 103 Sagindykov Sh.Sh. 108,109,110,115,116 Sorokin A. A 224,275 Saidakl. nedov K.Kh .189 Spassky A.V. 297 Saidov AS 191 Starodub (i. Ya 288 Saidov Ch.S. 56 Starziiinsky NO. 173 Saitov IS. 36 Stegailov V.I. 86 Sakhiev S.K. 109,1 15 Stepanov IV. 36 Salakhitdinova M.K. 198 Stepnov Y.Y. 64 SalikhbaevU.S. 64,65,67,128,159 Strigina SB. 47,49 Salimov M.I. 298 Sli-ygm DP 72 Salomov J.A. 252 Suhanov A. 268 Samarhodjaeva N.R. 254 Suiionbekov G. 252 Sandalov V.N. 145,190 Suvanov M. 253 Sangaa P. 193 Svirihin A.I. 75 Sapacv B 191 Sychikov G.I. Sarnuikbanov E.T. 142 Tabachnyi L Ya. 213 Sarsenbinov Sh.Sh 196 Tacconc A. 62 Sattarov G 201,265,284 Tajibacv D.Yu. 255,256 Savenko li N 1 ()3 Taklnobin K.S 258 Schukina 0 Vu. !38 TakibacvN Zh. 34 1 17 Sontr Brdai 206 Tamat'V S.T 192 Y12 Author Index NAME PAGE NAME PAGE Taran G G. 36 Volodin V.N. 137 Tartakovski V.K. 55 Vorona P M. 289 Tashimov M A 42.43,296 Wagner V 86 Tashmetov M.Yu. 193 Wilson R 31 Taurbaeva T.I. 227 Yakhshiov U. 1 l ! Tillaev Kh. 262 Yar-Muchamedova G Sh. 196 Tillaev T.S. 227 235 246 250 Yarinukhaniedov R 33.81,122 253,288.289 Yashina T.Yu. 225 Tislichenko V V. 129 Yavido\' B. 158 Tivaiuwa O.V. 134 Yeremin A.V. 75 Togzhigitov K. ! 50,194 Yikliz Mustafa 206 Tojihonov 11. 15 1,154 Yilma/0 35,61 Tolstov E.A. 245,249,273 ^'llgay VP. 195 Troit..kaya A.G. 91 Yuklashbaev T.S. 38, 39 Tmkhanov K.A. 297 Yuldashev A. A. 40,41,44,58 Tryshyn V.V. 2 i 3,215,2! 6 Yuldashev B.S. 40,41,44,50,58,65. 1 sipin V Z. 227,289 102,1 12,128,193,203, 'i'suppinger A. A. 274 251,256,265, 279,287 Tsvyashchenko A.V. 224 YuldaslievM.B. 76 Tulepbergenov S.K. 142 ^'uldashcva K.T. 255,256 Tuleushev A.Zh. 137 N'UIHISOV MS 1 56,179,180,181 Tulcushev Yu.Zh. 137 Zabaev V.N 64,197 Turaev N.Yu. 44 /ahido\a II 59 Turacv Yu.T. 56,188 Zak P.P. 297 Turaeva N.N. 181 Zal,hidov E.A. 169 Turkebaev T.E 260 Zanwslov A.IV 277 Tursunmuratov T.M 81 Zaparov E.A. 69,74,1 12 'I'ursunov EM. 57 Z a red i no v D.A. 290 Tursunov N.A. • 129 Zarilbv R.A. 108..240 Tyatyushkina O.Yu. 36 Zashkvara O.V. 280 UglovS.R. 197 Zastrozhnova NN. 42,43,296 U'uaraliev AT 246,288 Zazulin D.M 108,240 Umarova I'.T. 132 Zelevinsky V. 124 Umbarov 1. 2(-2 Zliaksybekova K 1 15 Urnmatov Kh.D. 162,163 Zhardcinali N.B. 42,43 Uralova N.O. 236 Zhdanov A.V. 291 Urusova E.V. 265 Zhdanov VS. 143 Usmanov M.Kh. 195 Zhellov DA. 227 Usmanov R.R. 65 Zhuk L.I. 225,226,243 Usupov A. A. 198 Zhuravlev A.A. 292,293 Usupova D.A. 183 Zhuiynbaeva G.S. 74 Utainuradov II. 83 Zhusupov MA. 109,1 10,116 Uzakova U. 232 Zhylybaeva N.K. 280 Vankov 1. 36 Ziii'ko N.A. 274 Vasidov A. ' 227,289 Zinov'ev V.(J. 271 Vdovina ED. 260 Zvolska V. 86 Vinokurova L.M. 233 Zvolsky J. 86 Vislincvsky IN. 33,213,215 Zyamuhamedov A. 260 VlasovS I. 138 323 NOTES Editors: H.Yuldushev, li.lsmalov, Akhmedov II, lazylov M., /•.1bragimova, Z. !:.ii Technical editors: Z.hazy/ova, S.Stn^nui Mailing address: Insnunc of Nuclear Ph\sics. IJIngbck Man/ilgoh: Yadro Fisikasi Instituti, Uhig'bck, lashkeiU. IJZ-702132. Republic of U/bckisiaii, Toshkent. 7021)2, O/.bekision Respnblikasi Telcp'one ((>98-71 2) f>4-15-52. (>'.)•(> I -1X. 64-KV-OI Tclcfon:: (998-712) (<4-15-52. «»0-61-|8. 64-89-01 Tax OV8-7I2) 64-25-90 F;iks; (9VX-7I2) 64-25-'^) L-niail: yuldashcvV; suniup.iashkeiil.su ii-mail: yiildislicv //s(|u|iip uislik Chop (lishga 2001 10 08 da ruxsat berildi Nashriyot-hisob tabog'i 20,25 Adadi 300 nusxa Buyurtma JVy 39 Ozbekiston Respublikasi Fanlar Akademiyasi Yadio Tisikasi instituti bosmaxonasida "Rotaprint" nusxa kopaitirish qurilniacida chop etildi 702132, Toshkent, Mirzo-Ulug'bek tumani, Ulug'bek shaharchasi