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After Cultures Meet
Chapter 2 After Cultures Meet Abstract No culture is isolated from other cultures. Nor is any culture changeless, invariant or static. All cultures are in a state of constant flux, driven by both internal and external forces. All of these are the inherent dynamics of the multiculturally based world per se. In this chapter, beginning with the question ‘why Mesopotamia had the oldest civilization in the world’, the spatial interaction of ancient civilizations is assessed; and four non-linear patterns of intercultural dynamics are presented. Our empirical analyses of the four major ancient civilizations (the Mesopotamian, the Egyptian, the Indus, and the Chinese) focus on intercultural influences as well as how they have shaped the spatial dynamics of the world as a whole. Keywords Ancient civilization Á Adjacency Á Intercultural dynamics Á Mesopotamia Á Spatial interaction 2.1 Focus on Mesopotamia In Chap. 1, we have discussed the natural and geographical factors contributing to the birth of ancient civilizations. Some empirical evidence has also explained to some extent why existing cultures and culture areas are conflicting and comple- mentary. Till now, many issues relating to the origin of and evolution of ancient civilizations are still puzzling both anthropologists and human geographers. They include such questions as: Why Mesopotamia has the oldest civilization in the world? Why is the Chinese civilization younger than the other three ancient civilizations (i.e., ancient Egyptian, the ancient Indus and the Mesopotamian)? Why have some ancient civilizations eventually become extinct while others not? What are the driving forces for the human civilizations to grow, to expand and to decline eventually? Before dealing with these issues, let us first look at the spatial mechanism of cultural formation in Mesopotamia. -
Experiencing the Etruscans: a Special Guided Tour by Archaeologist Louise Maciejewski
Experiencing the Etruscans: A Special Guided Tour by Archaeologist Louise Maciejewski About your archaeologist/guide: Louise Maciejewski earned her Bachelor of Arts degree in Archaeology from the Institute of Archaeology in London, England, and completed her Masters degree in the study of Etruscans and Etruria at the University of Siena (Italy). She has also studied the art of biography and has broad experience in fine arts conservation, working at a renowned studio in Milan, as well as the Italian Sovrintendenza ai Beni Culturali. In the last few years she has published various articles on the history and prehistory of Cortona and its surrounding area. She has also a close connection to the MAEC (Museo dell’Accademia Etrusca e della Città di Cortona) where she is often asked to participate in local projects. Learn more about Louise below. Dates: October 3 to October 13 (You will need to leave the US on October 2) Day 0 – October 2 - Departure from the US. Day 1 – October 3- Arrival in Rome Upon arrival in the immortal city of Rome you will be transferred from the airport to a charming centrally located hotel. You will join your fellow travellers for a welcome talk and dinner. You will also meet Archaeologist Louise Maciejewski, who will be with you throughout the trip. Sleep in Rome Customized Journeys - www.customizedjourneys.com - [email protected] 25 NW 23rd PL. Suite 6 PMB # 478 Portland, OR 97210 Tel. + 503 914 6452 Day 2 – October 4- Rome and Villa Giulia This morning you will start your Etruscan discovery with a visit to the amazing treasures of the Villa Giulia museum, which houses the largest collection of Etruscan artifacts in the world. -
150506-Woudhuizen Bw.Ps, Page 1-168 @ Normalize ( Microsoft
The Ethnicity of the Sea Peoples 1 2 THE ETHNICITY OF THE SEA PEOPLES DE ETNICITEIT VAN DE ZEEVOLKEN Proefschrift ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan de Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam op gezag van de rector magnificus Prof.dr. S.W.J. Lamberts en volgens besluit van het College voor Promoties. De openbare verdediging zal plaatsvinden op vrijdag 28 april 2006 om 13.30 uur door Frederik Christiaan Woudhuizen geboren te Zutphen 3 Promotiecommissie Promotor: Prof.dr. W.M.J. van Binsbergen Overige leden: Prof.dr. R.F. Docter Prof.dr. J. de Mul Prof.dr. J. de Roos 4 To my parents “Dieser Befund legt somit die Auffassung nahe, daß zumindest für den Kern der ‘Seevölker’-Bewegung des 14.-12. Jh. v. Chr. mit Krieger-Stammesgruppen von ausgeprägter ethnischer Identität – und nicht lediglich mit einem diffus fluktuierenden Piratentum – zu rechnen ist.” (Lehmann 1985: 58) 5 CONTENTS Preface ................................................................................................................................................................................9 Note on the Transcription, especially of Proper Names....................................................................................................11 List of Figures...................................................................................................................................................................12 List of Tables ....................................................................................................................................................................13 -
Homenaje Al Profesor Armando Torrent
Coordinadores ALFONSO MURILLO VILLAR ARÁNZAZU CALZADA GONZÁLEZ SANTIAGO CASTÁN PÉREZ-GÓMEZ HOMENAJE AL PROFESOR ARMANDO TORRENT RIFLESSIONI SUI SISTEMI DI GOVERNO ETRUSCHI PRIMA E DOPO LA GUERRA SOCIALE (91-88 a.C.) LOREDANA CAPPELLETTI (85-99) pp. UNIVERSIDAD DE BURGOS 2016 Todos los derechos reservados. Ni la totalidad ni parte de este libro, incluido el diseño de la cubierta, puede reproducirse o transmitirse por ningún procedimiento electrónico o mecánico. Cualquier forma de reproducción, distribución, comunicación pública o transformación de esta obra solo puede ser realizada con la autorización de sus titulares, salvo excepción prevista por la ley. Diríjase a CEDRO (Centro Español de Derechos Reprográficos) si necesita fotocopiar o escanear algún fragmento de esta obra (www.conlicencia.com; 91 702 19 70 / 93 272 04 47).. Esta obra ha sido posible gracias a la contribución de la Universidad de Burgos, la Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Consejo General del Notariado y Colegio de Registradores de España. © Copyright by Autores DYKINSON, S.L. UNIVERSIDAD DE BURGOS UNIVERSIDAD REY JUAN CARLOS Editorial DYKINSON, S.L. Meléndez Valdés, 61 - 28015 Madrid Teléfono (91) 544 28 46 - (91) 544 28 69 e-mail: [email protected] http://www.dykinson.es http://www.dykinson.com ISBN: 978-84-9085-629-1 ISBN Universidad de Burgos: 978-84-16283-16-3 Depósito Legal: M-251-2016 ÍNDICE GENERAL PRESENTACIÓN Por Fernando Suárez Bilbao, Rector de la Universidad Rey Juan Carlos ................. 17 PRÓLOGO Por Alfonso Murillo Villar, Aránzazu Calzada González, Santiago Castán Pérez-Gómez (editores) .................................................................................................................................19 ARMANDO TORRENT: 50 AÑOS DE DEDICACIÓN A LA UNIVERSIDAD Y AL DERECHO ...................23 ESTUDIOS SOBRE LA EVOLUCIÓN DE CREDERE Y SOLVERE ...............................................33 ANA ALEMÁN MONTERREAL Universidad de Almería LA PROYECCIÓN DEL FAVOR DEBITORIS AL DERECHO PÚBLICO ROMANO. -
Vasemania: Neoclassical Form and Ornament
VOLUME: 4 WINTER, 2004 Vasemania: Neoclassical Form and Ornament: Selections from The Metropolitan Museum of Art at the Bard Graduate Center for Studies in the Decorative Arts, Design, and Culture Review by Nancy H. Ramage 1) is a copy of a vase that belonged to Ithaca College Hamilton, painted in Wedgwood’s “encaustic” technique that imitated red-figure with red, An unusual and worthwhile exhibit on the orange, and white painted on top of the “black passion for vases in the 18th century has been basalt” body, as he called it. But here, assembled at the Bard Graduate Center in Wedgwood’s artist has taken all the figures New York City. The show, entitled that encircle the entire vessel on the original, Vasemania: Neoclassical Form and and put them on the front of the pot, just as Ornament: Selections from The Metropolitan they appear in a plate in Hamilton’s first vol- Museum of Art, was curated by a group of ume in the publication of his first collection, graduate students, together with Stefanie sold to the British Museum in 1772. On the Walker at Bard and William Rieder at the Met. original Greek pot, the last two figures on the It aims to set out the different kinds of taste — left and right goût grec, goût étrusque, goût empire — that sides were Fig. 1 Wedgwood Hydria, developed over a period of decades across painted on the Etruria Works, Staffordshire, Britain, France, Italy, Spain, and Germany. back of the ves- ca. 1780. Black basalt with “encaustic” painting. The at the Bard Graduate Center. -
Le Parole Etrusche Ame, Amce E La Revisione Di Ie. *Yem- ‘Paaren’
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Emerita (E-Journal) LE PAROLE ETRUSCHE AME, AMCE E LA REVISIONE DI IE. *YEM- ‘PAAREN’ ADOLFO ZAVARONI The main purpose of this article is to demonstrate the groundlessness of the old and common thesis according to which Etr. ame, amuke, amce are parts of the verb “to be”. We can search for the true meaning of these words with the help of the so-called “comparative method”, a method that, in the last few decades, did not enjoy its due share of attention. My underlying thesis is that Etruscan, although not being an Indo-European language, has many IndoEuropean stems, which it acquired during many centuries of contacts. The comparative method might be of help just provided we strictly stick to the rules that define the phonological system of Etruscan (in the present work I present the system of the stops only). –– The term am(u)ce indicates ‘to be united, to make a pair with, co-’. In fact, amce is mainly found in connection with the words puia ‘wife’ and zilaθ (magistracy constituted by two or more persons). In extant inscriptions, we also find twice the word ame connected to puia, yet in most cases ame is a particle placed after the verb, where it fulfills the same function of the latin preverb cum, co-. As an example, in the Tabula Cortonensis the words eprus ame mean ‘co-operantur, (they) sacrifice together’. Moreover, there are five occurrences of the particle ama connected with the word ipa. -
Work Notes on Bona Dea & the Goddess Uni-A Survey of Etruscan
Work notes on Bona Dea & the goddess Uni — a survey of Etruscan & Latin texts relating to the Pyrgi Gold Tablets By Mel Copeland (Relating to Etruscan Phrases texts) A work in progress November 15, 2014 The Etruscan goddess, Uni, Unia, has been identified with the Roman Juno and, on pottery and mirrors she is portrayed in mythological scenes involving the Greek goddess Hera. Although the Etruscans assigned their own peculiar names to the “Greek” pantheon, such as Tini, Tinia (L. Jupiter, Gr. Zeus), Uni, Unia (L. Juno, Gr. Hera), Turan (L. Venus, Gr. Aphrodite, and Thalna (Gr. Nemisis), many of the Greek characters are recorded with similar spelling in the Etruscan texts, such as Hercle, HerKle, (Gr. Herakles), These (Gr.Theseus), Akle (Gr. Achilles), Ektor (Gr. Hector), Aifas Telmonos (Gr. Ajax Telamonos), Elenei, Elinai (Gr. Helen [of Troy], Elchintre (Alexandar, Paris), Achmemon (Gr. Agememnon) Aeitheon (Gr. Jason) Aita (Gr. Hades) and Dis (Gr. another name of Hades: Dis) and his consort Phersipnei (Gr. Persephone). Because of the imagery used on vases and mirrors and the common Greek mythological themes, we can discern the names and grammatical conventions of Etruscan mythological characters. Because we know who the characters are for the most part and the context in which the Etruscans knew them, we can further understand pure textual documents of the Etruscans, such as the Pyrgi Gold tablets, which will be discussed later in this document, as it pertains to the Roman Feast of the 1st of May called Bona Dea. Uni was identified by the Romans as the Etruscan version of Juno, the consort of their supreme god, Jupiter (Etr. -
A Companion to Ancient History Edited by Andrew Erskine © 2009 Blackwell Publishing Ltd
A COMPANION TO ANCIENT HISTORY A Companion to Ancient History Edited by Andrew Erskine © 2009 Blackwell Publishing Ltd. ISBN: 978-1-405-13150-6 BLACKWELL COMPANIONS TO THE ANCIENT WORLD This series provides sophisticated and authoritative overviews of periods of ancient history, genres of classical literature, and the most important themes in ancient culture. Each volume comprises between twenty-fi ve and forty concise essays written by individual scholars within their area of specialization. The essays are written in a clear, provocative, and lively manner, designed for an international audience of scholars, students, and general readers. ANCIENT HISTORY LITERATURE AND CULTURE A Companion to the Roman Army A Companion to Classical Receptions Edited by Paul Erdkamp Edited by Lorna Hardwick and Christopher Stray A Companion to the Roman Republic Edited by Nathan Rosenstein and Robert A Companion to Greek and Roman Morstein-Marx Historiography Edited by John Marincola A Companion to the Roman Empire Edited by David S. Potter A Companion to Catullus Edited by Marilyn B. Skinner A Companion to the Classical Greek World Edited by Konrad H. Kinzl A Companion to Roman Religion Edited by Jörg Rüpke A Companion to the Ancient Near East Edited by Daniel C. Snell A Companion to Greek Religion Edited by Daniel Ogden A Companion to the Hellenistic World Edited by Andrew Erskine A Companion to the Classical Tradition Edited by Craig W. Kallendorf A Companion to Late Antiquity Edited by Philip Rousseau A Companion to Roman Rhetoric Edited by William Dominik and Jon Hall A Companion to Archaic Greece Edited by Kurt A. -
ETRUSCAN ORIGINS* Fred C. Woudhuizen Models the Problem of Etruscan Origins Has Received Scholarly Attention Already in Antiquit
TALANTAXXXIV-XXXV (2002-2003) * ETRUSCAN ORIGINS Fred C. Woudhuizen Models The problem of Etruscan origins has received scholarly attention already in Antiquity. First of all, there is the testimony of Herodotos of Halikarnassos (5th century BC) according to which the Etruscans were Lydian colonists from western Asia Minor. Hard pressed by a famine, so the story goes, half of the Lydian population under the leadership of king Atys’ son Tyrsenos mus- tered on ships at Smyrna and sailed to Italy, where they settled in the territo- ry of the Umbrians (Histories I, 94). As opposed to this, we have the opinion of Dionysios of Halikarnassos (1st century BC), who, on the basis of a com- parison between the customs and the languages of the Etruscans and the Lydians, reached the conclusion that these two peoples were unrelated. He extrapolated from this conclusion that the Etruscans were no Lydian colonists, but had always lived in Italy (Roman Antiquities I, 25-30). As divided as opinions were on the subject of Etruscan origins in Antiquity, so they are in our present era. A majority among scholars in the field holds that the Etruscans were autochthonous. In accordance with this view, the Etruscans are considered a remnant population surviving the onset of Indo- European migrations which brought the Umbrians, Oscans, Latins, and Faliscans to the Italian peninsula. Their language, so this line of appraoch con- tinues, is not comparable to any other in the world, except for the one attest- ed for the famous stele from Kaminia on the island of Lemnos in the Aegean. -
The History of Parthia
1 962:151g The Parthians I. Introduction A. The Importance of the Parthians 1. The Persian Resurgence a) demonstrates continued vigor of Iranians b) unlike other Middle Eastern peoples, the Iranians maintain their identity and political power in the face of outside invasion (1) first, Greeks (2) then, Romans (3) then, Arabs (4) then, European imperialism and colonialism 2. They Were A Major Power for 470 Years: 247 BCE - 227 CE a) They destroyed the Seleucid kingdom b) They blocked Roman expansion into Mesopotamia and Armenia B. Sources of Information 1. Literary Sources Are Very Scanty a) almost nothing that is itself Parthian b) most comes from hostile or disdainful Greek and Roman writers 2. Epigraphic Material Is Limited a) Some Greek inscriptions from Parthia b) Some Parthian and Aramaic inscriptions on jewelry 3. There Is Minimal Archeological Material a) very little excavation in Iran prior to 1979 b) none at all since 1979 C. The Origins of the Parthians 1. The Name „Parthia‟ a) actually the Greek form of the Achaemenid name (Parthava) of a satrapy in northern Iran 2. The „Parni‟ a) their name for themselves b) members of a semi-nomadic Dahae confederacy north of Hyrcania, between the Caspian and Aral Seas II. The Rise of Arsacid Parthia A. The Establishment of the Parthian Kingdom 1. The Rebellion Against Seleucid Rule in 238 BCE a) led by their chieftain, Arsaces, the Parni expel Andragoras, the rebel Seleucid governor of Parthia, from his province (1) they then permanently occupy the district of Astavene (Astrabad) in the province of Parthia (2) the Seleucids were distracted and weakened at the time (a) dynastic civil war (b) Ptolemaic invasion of Babylonia 2 (3) eastern provinces in Afghanistan break away at this time under their Greek governor, Diodotus, who founds the Greek kingdom of Bactria b) Arsaces claims to be the successor of the Achaemenids B. -
IQBAL REVIEW Journal of the Iqbal Academy, Pakistan
QBAL EVIEW I R Journal of the Iqbal Academy, Pakistan October 1967 Editor Bashir Ahmad Dar IQBAL ACADEMY PAKISTAN Title : Iqbal Review (October 1967) Editor : Bashir Ahmad Dar Publisher : Iqbal Academy Pakistan City : Karachi Year : 1967 DDC : 105 DDC (Iqbal Academy) : 8U1.66V12 Pages : 165 Size : 14.5 x 24.5 cm ISSN : 0021-0773 Subjects : Iqbal Studies : Philosophy : Research IQBAL CYBER LIBRARY (www.iqbalcyberlibrary.net) Iqbal Academy Pakistan (www.iap.gov.pk) 6th Floor Aiwan-e-Iqbal Complex, Egerton Road, Lahore. Table of Contents Volume: 8 Iqbal Review: October 1967 Number: 3 1. FOREWORD ................................................................................................................. 4 2. HISTORY OF IRAN .................................................................................................. 13 3. ADVENT OF ISLAM ................................................................................................ 91 4. MOVEMENT FOR MODERNISM AND PROGRESS .................................. 128 FOREWORD This issue of the Iqbal Review is dedicated to a great and happy occasion, the Coronation on the 26th of October 1967 of Their Imperial Majesties Mohammad Raza Pahlavi Shahanshah Arya Mehr and the Empress Farah Pahlavi of Iran. It is an occasion for rejoicing for all of us. The Shahanshah not only represents modern Iran and the remark-able progress it has made under his inspiring leadership ; he also stands as a living symbol of the common cultural heritage of Pakistan and Iran. The modernisation of Iran began in real earnest with the Shahan-shah's father, Raza Shah Pahlavi. It was, however, the Shahanshah himself who led his country through The White Revolution. This comprised a series of measures introduced by the Shahanshah with the object of placing the economy of the country on a broader and more stable basis and accelerating the pace of education among the people. -
The Tabula Cortonensis and Land Transactions
THE TABULA CORTONENSIS AND LAND TRANSACTIONS Recently R. A. Wallace has dedicated a chapter of his book ‘Zikh Rasna. A Manual of Etruscan Language and Inscriptions' (2008) to the inscription of the bronze Tabula Cortonensis\ The Tablet of Cortona, hereafter TCo, was handed in by a carpenter to the Carabinieri at Camucia (Cortona) in 1992. The editio princeps was published by L. Agostiniani and F. Nicosia in 2000. The text is extremely important since it is, after the Liber linteus Zagrabiensis and the Tabula Capuana, the third longest extant Etruscan text (206 words; 32 lines on side A and 8 lines on side B). It is, however, difficult to interpret and translate for lexical, morphological, grammatical, and syntactical reasons. Wallace’s tentative translation of the text is based on interpretations and translations advanced by Agostiniani and Nicosia (2000), H. Rix (2000, 2002), G. Μ. Facchetti (2000, 2002b), A. Maggiani (2001, 2002b), V. Scarano Ussani and Μ. Torelli (2003), K. Wylin (2002a, 2006b) and I.-J. Adiego (2005). The publications of C. De Simone (1998-2007), P. Amann (2005), Wylin (2005) and Torelli (2005) were not used by Wallace. It appears that there is no consensus on the meaning(s) of about half of the sixty different non- onomastic lexical units, many of which are or look like hapax legomena. This article aims to detect their semantic values from the textual context and with the use of the combinatory method, that is, by comparing words in the TCo text with those in the corpus of ca 11,000 Etruscan inscriptions. Some words and syntagmata will also be studied from a chrono-typological, interlinguistic, etymological, and contemporary, bicultural perspective (e.g.